PHN II : TNH TON SLIU

2. 1 Ti liu c bn:
1. Bn qui hoch pht trin khu th n nm 2030:
2. Dn s:
+ Khu vc I: dn s N1 = 331000 (ngi)
+ Khu vc II: dn s N2 = 96000 (ngi)

3. Tiu chun thi nc:

+ Khu vc I : tiu chun thi nc q10 = 150 (l/ngi . ng.)
+ Khu vc II: tiu chun thi nc q20 = 120 (l/ngi . ng.)
4. Nc thi khu cng nghip:
+ Tng s cng nhn ca c hai nh my chim 35% tng dn s khu
th
+ Lu lng nc thi sn xut chim 20% lu lng nc thi sinh
hot ca khu dn c.
5. Nc thi cc cng trnh cng cng:
+ Trong phm vi n ny ch xt ti lu lng nc thi ca bnh vin
v trng hc.
a. Bnh vin:
+ Tng s bnh nhn chim 0,8% dn s ton thnh ph.
+ Tiu chun thi nc l

: 300 (l/ngi - ng.)

+ H s khng iu ho gi : Kh = 2,5
+S gi thi nc

: 24( h/ngy.)

b. Trng hc:
+Tng s hc sinh chim 23% dn s thnh ph.
+ Tiu chun thi nc l

: 25( l/ngi - ng.)

+ H s khng iu ho gi : Kh = 1,8
+S gi thi nc

Khu vc

: 12 (h/ngy.)

Din tch

Mt

Tiu chun thi

nc (l/ng.ng)

F (ha)

(ngi/ha)

604,51

547

150

II

403,83

237

120

2.2.LU LNG NC THI SINH HOT T CC KHU NH :

2.2.1.Xc inh lu lng trung bnh ngy:
Theo cng thc:
qi 0.N
Qtbngy = 1000 = (m3/ng)

Trong
-qi0 l tiu chun thi nc ca khu vc dn c i.
q10.N1
tb-ngy
- Khu vc I : Q
1= 1000=
q20.N2
-Khu vc II: Q tb-ngy2= 1000=

150.331000
1000
120.96000
1000

=49650 (m3/ng)
=11520 (m3/ng)

Vy, tng lu lng nc thi sinh hot thi ra ti Thnh ph trong mt

ngy m l:
Qsh-tp = Qtb-ngy1 + Qtb-ngy2 = 61170 (m3/ng)
2.2.3.Xc nh lu lng trung bnh giy:
Qtbngy
Theo cng thc: qitb = 24x3,6 (l/s)
49650

Qtb - 1ngy 24.3, 6

-Khu vc I: qtb-s1 = 24x3,6 =
=574,65 (l/s)

k1ch = 1,237

11520

Qtb - 2ngy 24.3, 6

-Khu vc II: qtb-s2 = 24x3,6 =
=133,33 (l/s)

k2ch =1,466

-Lu lng trung bnh giy ca ton b Thnh ph l:

qtb-TPs = qtb-s1 + qtb-s2 = 574,65 + 133,33 =707,98(l/s)
2

T lu lng trung bnh giy, c lu lng tnh ton cho ton Thnh ph
ta phi i tm h s khng iu ha k ch. Ni suy theo bng Tr s kch ph
thuc qtbs, ta c:
kch = 1,304
Lu lng tnh ton l lu lng giy max:
q10max = qtb-s1. k1ch = 1,237x574,65 = 710,842 (l/s)
q20max = qtb-s2. k2ch = 1,466x133,33 = 195,462 (l/s)
Lu lng trung bnh ln nht ca ton Thnh ph l:
qmax = qtb-TPs.kch = 1,304x707,98= 923,206 (l/s)
Bng2.1. Tng hp lu lng nc thi t cc khu nh .
Mt

Tiu

Khu
vc

Din
tch F
(ha)

chun

dn

(ngi)

(ng/h

Lu lng
qstb

thi nc

nc thi

q0(l/ng.ng

qsmax
Kch

(l/s)

(l/s)

Q(m /ng)

a)
I

604,51

547

331000

150

49650

II

403,83

237

96000

120

11520

Tng 1008,34

399

427000

61170

574,6
5
133,3
3
707,9
8

1,237

710,84

1,466

195,46

1,304

923,21

2.3. XC NH LU LNG TP TRUNG

2.3.1 Bnh vin
S bnh nhn l

0,8 %N
N bn =

0,8
100

N=

0,8.427000
100

=3416(ngi)

Ly s bnh nhn l 3416 ngi, vy ta thit k 2 bnh vin m mi bnh vin

c
B = 1708 ging.
- Tiu chun thi nc: qbv0 =300 (l/ng.ng)
- H s khng iu ha gi: kh = 2,5
- Bnh vin lm vic 24/24 gi trong ngy
Do vy ta tnh c cc s liu c bn i vi 1 bnh vin nh sau:
Lu lng thi trung bnh trong ngy l:
300.1708

B.q bv
0
1000
tb
1000
Q ngy =
=

=512,4 (m3/ngy)

- Lu lng thi trung bnh gi l:

512, 4

Qtbngy
24
Qtbgi= 24 =
=21,35 (m3/h)

Lu lng Max gi l:
Qhmax= kh. Qtbgi = 2,5x21,35= 53,375 (m3/h)
- Lu lng Max giy l:
Qhmax
q max = 3,6 = 14,83(l/s)
s

2.3.2. Trng hc:

-

S hc sinh ly theo quy phm l 23%N

H=

23.N
100

23.427000
100

=98210 (ngi)

Thit k 5 trng hc, mi trng c 19642 hc sinh

4

- Tiu chun thi nc: qth0 = 25 (l/ng.ng)

- H s khng iu ha gi kh = 1,8
- Trng hc lm vic 12 gi trong ngy
Do vy ta tnh c cc s liu c bn i vi 1 trng hc nh sau:
-

Lu lng thi trung bnh ngy l:

Qtbngy = h.qo/1000 =

19642.25
1000

=491,05(m3/ngy)

- Lu lng thi trung bnh gi l:

Qngay

tb

Qtbgi = 12 =

491, 05
12

=40,92 (m3/h)

- Lu lng Max gi l:
Qhmax=kh. Qtbgi = 1,8x40,92 = 73,66 (m3/h)
-

Lu lng Max giy l:

73, 66

Qhmax
3, 6
s
q max = 3,6 =
= 20,460 (l/s)

Quy m ca cc cng trnh cng cng c ly nh sau:

- 2 Bnh vin
- 5 Trng hc
Ta c bng tng hp nc thi tp trung t cc cng trnh cng cng nh sau:

S gi
Ni thi
nc

n v
tnh

Quy

Lm

thi nc

vic 1

q0

hs

ngy

(l/ngi.

2Trng

vc

hc

II

1 Bnh vin Ging

H.Sinh

3928

Kh

QTB
ngy

Qmax
h

3
(m3/ng) (m /h)

QSmax
(l/s)

ng)

(h)
Khu

Lu lng

Tiu chun

12

25

1,8

982,1

147,32

40,92

1708

24

300

2,5

512,4

53,375

14,83

1 Bnh vin Ging

1708

24

300

2,5

512,4

53,375

14,83

3Trng

5892

12

25

1,8 1473,15

220,98

61,38

3416

24

300

2,5

1024,8

106,75

29,66

9820

12

25

1,8 2455,25

368,3

102,3

Khu
vc
I
hc

H. Sinh

Tn
g
ton

2 Bnh vin Ging

tp
5
hc

trng

H. sinh

2.3.4. Cng nhn trong khu cng nghip(Sinh hot v tm)

th thit k c 2 cm cng nghip(Tng din tch F=90,23 ha)
- Cm cng nghip c din tch F1 = 27,58 ha
- Cm cng nghip c din tch F2 = 62,65 ha
H s din tch :
A

F1 27.58

0.3
F 90.23

S cng nhn ca KCN c din tch F1 l:

NKCN1 = A x N = 0,3 x 149450 = 44835 (ngi)
S cng nhn KCN F2 :
NKCN2 = 149450 44835 = 104615 (ngi)
Bng 2.2: Bng phn b ch lm vic ca cc khu cng nghip
Phn b cng nhn trong KCN

Tn
XN

S CN
trong
KCN
(%)

Phn xng

Nng Lnh
(%)
(%)

Phn b
lng
nc
thi SX

Tm

Nng
(%)

Lnh
(%)

trong
KCN(%)

Cng nhn v lng

nc thi
theo cc ca

Ca I
(%)

Ca II
(%)

Ca III
(%)

KCN I

44835

40

60

60

20

50

35

30

35

KCN
II

104615

35

65

65

30

50

40

40

20

Bng 2.3: Bng phn b cng nhn theo cc ca.

Khu cng
nghip

S cng nhn trong x

nghip

Ca

S ngi

35

15692

30

13451

35

15692

100

44835

40

41846

40

41846

20

20923

100

104615

Tng

II

Tng

* Lu lng nc thi sinh hot ngy ca cc x nghip c xc nh theo

cng thc:

Qng =

25N1 +35N 2
1000

(m3/ng )

- Lu lng nc thi sinh hot ln nht gi xc nh theo cng thc:

Qmax.h =

25N1K h1 +35N 2 K h2
1000 T

(m3/h)

- Lu lng nc thi giy ln nht xc nh theo cng thc:

T.

qmax.s =

25N1K h1 +35N 2 K h2
10003,6

(l/s)

- N1, N2: S cng nhn trong phn xng lnh, nng.

- T: Thi gian lm vic ca mt ca
- Tiu chun thi nc sinh hot ca cng nhn trong:
+ Phn xng nng: q0 = 35 (l/ngi- ca)
+ Phn xng ngui: q0 = 25 (l/ngi- ca).
8

- H s khng iu ho gi trong phn xng:

+ Nng: Kh = 2,5
+Ngui: Kh = 3
* Lng nc thi tm ca cng nhn trong cc phn xng vi sau mi ca
c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

Qng =

40N 3 +60N 4
1000

(m3/ng)

- N3, N4: S cng nhn c tm trong phn xng lnh, nng.

- Tiu chun thi nc tm ca cng nhn trong:
+ Phn xng nng: q0 = 60 (l/ngi- 1 ln tm)
+ Phn xng ngui: q0 = 40 (l/ngi- 1 ln tm)
- H s khng iu ho gi ca nc tm: Kh = 1
Cc s liu v kt qu tnh ton lu lng nc thi sinh hot v nc
tm ca cng nhn c ghi trong bng 2.4
Bng 2.4: thng k LL t nc thi SH v nc tm ca cc x nghip

KCN

(1)
I

Ca PX

S CN lm
vic

Nc thi SH

Nc tm

Ngi

TC,
l/ng

Qca,
m3/ca

Kh

% Ngi

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10) (11)

(12)

(13)

Nng

40

6277

35

219.70 2,5

60

9415

60

564.9

1 Lnh

60

9415

25

235.38

20

3138

40 125.52

12553

650.42

(2) (3)

Tng 100 15692

455.08

TC, Qca,
Kh
l/ng m3/ca

Nng

40

5380

35

188.3

2,5

60

8070

60

484.2

2 Lnh

60

8071

25

201.78

20

2690

40

107.6

Tng 100 13451

201.78

10760

591.8

3 Nng

40

6277

35

219.70 2,5

60

9415

60

564.9

Lnh

60

9415

25

235.38 3,5

20

3138

40 125.52

Tng 100 15692

455.08

12553

650.42

44835

1111.94

35866

1892.64

65 27200 60

1632

TT
Nng

35

14646

35

1 Lnh

65

27200

25

Tng 100 41846

II

35

14646

35

2 Lnh

65

27200

25

Tng 100 41846

30 12554 40 502.16
39754

512.61 2,5
680

35

7323

35

3 Lnh

65

13600

25

256.30 2,5
340

2134.16
1

30 12554 40 502.16

39754

2134.16

65 13600 60

816

6277

40 251.08

596.3

19877

1067.08

104615

2981.52

99385

5335.4

149450

4093.46

135251

7228.04

10

65 27200 60 12632

1192.61

Nng

Tng 100 20923

Tng cng:

680
1192.61

Nng

TT

512.61 2,5

30

1
1

S phn b lu lng nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn cc phn xng

nng (vi K=2,5) v cc phn xng ngui (vi K=3) ra cc gi trong cc ca
sn xut bng % nh sau:

Bng 2.5. Phn b lu lng nc thi sinh hot cc gi trong ca.

Cc PX nng
Kn=2,5
12,5
6,25
6,25
6,25
18,75
37,5
6,25
6,25
100%

Gi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Tng

Cc PX lnh
Kng=3
12,5
8,12
8,12
8,12
15,65
31,25
8,12
8,12
100%

Tng hp
Ton ca
25
14,37
14,37
14,37
34,4
68,75
14,37
14,37
200%

2.3.5 Xc nh lu lng nc thi sn xut

Lu lng nc thi sn xut chim 20% lu lng nc thi ca khu dn
c c xc nh theo cng thc:
20
Qsx = 100 x61170= 12234 (m3/ng.)

Lng nc thi ny c tnh :

XN I:

50%

tc

6117 (m3/ng.)

XN II:

50%

tc

6117 (m3/ng.)

Trong nc thi sn xut b nhim bn ca mi x nghip l 100 %

+Nh my I :
11

Nh my lm vic 3 ca, mi ca 8 gi.

Lu lng ngy Qngy = 6117 (m3/ng.), phn phi theo cc ca nh sau:
Ca I:

35%

tc

2140.95 (m3/ca)

Ca II:

30%

tc

1835.1 (m3/ca)

Ca III:

35%

tc

2140.95 (m3/ca)

H s khng iu ho trong mi ca l kh =1, nh vy lu lng gi u bng

nhau.

Ca I:

Ca II:

Ca III:

QIgi =

QIIgi =

QIgi =

2140.95
8
1835.1
8

=267,62 (m3/h)

=229,39 (m3/h)

2140.95
8

=267,62 (m3/h)

Do , lu lng giy ln nht l: qsmax-XNI =

267, 62
3, 6

=74,34 (l/s)

+Nh my II:
Nh my lm vic 3 ca, mi ca 8 gi.
Lu lng ngy Qngy = 6117 (m3/ng.), phn phi theo cc ca nh sau:

Ca I:

40%

tc

2446.8 (m3/ca)

Ca II:

40%

tc

2446.8 (m3/ca)

Ca III:

20%

tc

1223.4 (m3/ca)

H s khng iu ho trong mi ca l kh =1, nh vy lu lng gi u bng

nhau.
12

QIgi =

Ca I:

QIgi =

Ca II:

Ca III:

QIIIgi =

2446.8
8
2446.8
8
1223.4
8

= 305.85 (m3/h)

= 305.85 (m3/h)

= 152,93 (m3/h)

Do , lu lng giy ln nht l: qsmax-XNII =

305.85
3,6

= 84,96(l/s)

T cc s liu trn y ta c bng thng k lu lng nc thi sn xut cho

cc nh my x nghip nh sau:
Bng 2.6: Bng thng k lu lng nc thi sn xut ca cc khu cng
nghip.
Khu
cng
nghip

Ca

1
2
3

Qca

Tng
II
Tng

1
2
3

m /ca

35
30
35
100
40
40
20
100

2446.8
1835.1
2446.8
6117
2446.8
2446.8
1223.4
6117

K
1
1
1
1
1
1

Qh
(m3/h)

Qsmax (l/s)

267.62
229.39
267.62
764.63
305.85
305.85
152.93
764.63

74.34
63.72
74.34
212.4
84.96
84.96
42.48
212.4

Bng phn b lu lng nc thi trong ngy(m3/ng):

2.4 Xc nh lu lng ring

13

- Ta c tng lu lng nc thi cng cng trong ngy m: (bao gm nc thi

trng hc v bnh vin).
QCC = 1024.8+2455.25 = 3480.05 (m3/ng.)
- Lu lng nc thi trong ngy m ca khu dn c ( xc nh theo bng 2-1).
Q = 61170 (m3/ng.)

Mc ch xc nh lu lng ring tnh ton chnh xc lu lng nc thi.

Q
Q

CC

Xt t s:

SH

Trong :

QCC

Tng lu lng nc thi t cc cng trnh cng cng, nh phn

tch trn QCC = QBV + QTH
QSH
Tng lu lng nc thi trung bnh ngy ca khu dn c
B tr khu vc II c 2 trng hc, 1 bnh vin. khu vc I c 1 bnh vin , 3 trng
hc .Do , lu lng cng cng c phn phi:
QIcng cng = 1985.55 (m3/ng)
QIIcng cng =1494.50 (m3/ng)
Xc nh lu lng ring ca khu vc I:
C :

QIcc = 1985.55 (m3/ng)

Xt t s :

QccI
TB
Qng

= 1985.55/61170 x100% = 3.25% < 5%.

Tiu chun thot nc ca khu vc I :

Do vy, qIr =

n1.qo1
86400

547.150
86400

=0.95 (l/s.ha)

Trong :
n1 : Mt dn s khu vc 1(ni th) , n1 = 547 ngi/ha
qo1

: Tiu chun thi nc khu vc 1,

Xc nh lu lng ring ca khu vc II:

C : QIIcc = 1494.50 (m3/ng)

14

qo1

=150 l/ngi.ng

Xt t s :

QccII
TB
Qng

= 1494.50/61170 x 100% = 2.44% < 5%

Tiu chun thot nc ca khu vc II :

Do vy, qIIr =

n2 .qo2
86400

237.120
86400

== 0.33 (l/s.ha)

Bng thng k din tch cc khu vc ca th :

Khu vc I :
Tn

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

Khu vc 1
b

4,00
1,19
3,11
3,96
2,85
3,53
3,75
4,4
6,82
4,02
3,38
3,82
6,08
2,9
2,66
2,97
2,96
2,80
2,77
3,45
3,21
1,86
2,06

3,57
4,50
5,60
7,29
2,92
4,45
1,05
3,5
8,8
3,57
3,45
2,34
2,8
2,47
2,11
1,87
2,12
4,66
4,20
3,45
3,21
2,34
2,35

Tn a
24
1,75
25
2,23

5,03
4,64
7,4

1,35

6,36
2,44
2,84
6,2

1,54

5,72
5,27
4,44
2,44
3,18
3,84
3,57
3,89
6,74

3,65
1,45

Khu vc 1
b
2,94
2,24

Tng
12,6
11,68
16,11
11,25
12,13
10,42
9,18
14,1
15,62
13,31
12,1
10,6
11,32
8,55
8,61
8,41
8,97
14,2
6,97
6,90
6,42
7,85
5,86

Tng
c
6,16

15

d
10,85
4,47

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Tng

2,77
3,78
6,11
2,76
5,94
3
7,15
4,47
3,52
1,85
3,25
4,93
4,07
5,86
6,4
5,52
3,18
4,24
2,27
1,66
1,06
0,94
7,43
2,21
7,2
3,15

1,98
1,88
6,21
6,56
6,02
1,92
6,97
5,18
2,29
4,17
8,81
6,76
2,13
8,55
5,24
6,04
5,17
1,51
5,42
3.63
2,31
1,33
3,45
5,17
2,3
4,17

3,32
3,69
3,71
6,05
3,82
1,62
8,99
3,82
4,06
2,28
4,17
12,32
4,30
5,57
4,53
5,78
1,87
5,45
3,58
4,83
1,67
1,04
3,32
4,38

1,35
1,82
5,45

4,39
9,58

1,69
4,60
1,34
1,30
4,66

8,07
10,70
2,71
16,3
15,78
11,99
23,11
13,47
9,87
12,69
25,81
24,01
10,50
19,98
11,64
16,09
15,82
12,22
13,14
10,21
9,50
8,60
11,92
10,7
13,88
7,32
604,51

Khu vc II :
Tn

52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63

Khu vc 2
b

5,83
5,66
1,98
6,03
3,11
4,39
2,17
3,85
5,22
3,84
6,26
2,02

4,08
1,82
3,85
3,33
1,94
4,27
5,87
5,64
1,90
1,93
5,09
5,44

6,25
6,24
3,37
3,54
3,25
4,06
2,02
2,94
3,51
3,46
3,79
3,56

16

Tng
16,16
13,72
9,2
12,90
8,30
12,72
10,06
12,43
10,63
9,23
15,14
11,02

64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
Tng

4,37
7,99
7,67
1,46
2,92
3,51
3,98
2,35
4,17
3,98
2,65
5,34
8,10
7,44
7,19
5,61
5,37
2,30

2,56
8,27
2,44
3,82
7,18
3,51
1,50
3,80
3,12
1,23
3,84
7,25
3,52
2,46
2,60
7,96
7,05
5,75

1,86
5,49
7,23
1,81
4,87
2,75
1,40
6,40
2,19
1,75
6,04
8,60
2,30
2,66
8,46
5,09
4,14

4,09

3,32
3,02
6,65
7,93

8,79
21,75
17,34
11,18
14,97
9,77
6,88
12,55
9,48
10,28
12,53
12,59
23,24
18,85
20,38
22,03
17,51
12,19
403,83

Vy tng din tch ca khu dn c l 604,51.33 + 403,83 = 1008.34 ha

b/ Xc nh lu lng trn cc on cng ca tuyn tnh ton:
* Lu lng tnh ton ca tng on cng c coi nh chy t u on cng v
c xc nh theo cng thc:
n
n
qTT
(qdd
qcsn qcqn ) K ch Qtt

Trong :
+)
+)
+)
+)

n
qTT
:

n
qdd
:

qcsn :

qcqn :

Lu lng tnh ton ca on cng th n

Lu lng dc ng ca on ng th n

Lu lng cnh sn ca on ng th n
Lu lng chuyn qua ca on ng th n

+) Kc h s khng iu ha chung xc nh da vo tng lu lng nc thi

ca on cng
c xc nh hoc ni suy gia cc gi tr sau:

17

Q l/s
Kc

5
3.1

15
2.2

30
1.8

50
1.7

100
1.6

200
1.4

300
1.35

500
1.25

800
1.2

1250
1.15

Bng tng hp lu lng nc thi tng on cng phng n 1.

(Xem ph lc. Cui quyn n).
Bng tng hp lu lng nc thi tng on cng phng n 2.
(Xem ph lc. Cui quyn n).

3.4.2. Tnh ton su t cng u tin cho cc tuyn cng tnh ton.
a/ su t cng u tin ca tuyn cng chnh:
Cn c vo bng tnh ton cho tng on cng trn, ta tin hnh tnh ton thu
lc cho tng on cng xc nh c: ng knh ng D, dc thu lc i, vn
tc dng chy v, sao cho ph hp vi cc yu cu v ng knh nh nht, y tnh
ton, tc chy tnh ton, dc ng cng, su t cng c t theo quy
phm.
Vic tnh ton thu lc da vo: Bng tnh ton thu lc mng li thot nc GS. Trn Hu Uyn
su t cng nh nht ca tuyn cng c tnh theo cng thc:
H = h + (iL1 + iL2) + Zd-Z0 + d (m)
Trong :
+) h : su t cng u tin ca cng trong sn nh hay trong tiu khu, ly
bng (0,2 0,4)m + d - Vi d l ng knh ng trong tiu khu. Ly h =
0,5m
+) i : dc ca cng thot nc tiu khu hay trong sn nh tnh bng 0/00.
+) L1 :Chiu di on ni t ging kim tra ti cng ngoi ng ph (m)
+) L2 :Chiu di ca cng trong nh (hay tiu khu) (m)
+) Z0 :Ct mt t u tin ca ging thm trong nh hay trong tiu khu
+) Zd :Ct mt t ng vi ging thm u tin ca mng li thot nc ca
khu th.

18

+) d : chnh gia kch thc ca cng thot nc ng ph vi cng

thot nc trong sn nh (tiu khu)
d = Dngph - Dtiukhu = 300 - 200 = 100mm = 0,1m

Z1

Z2

5
1

S xc nh su chn cng u tin

Ch thch:
1- Ging thm trn ML ngoi ph
2- ng ni cng tiu khu vi cng ngoi ph
3- Ging kim tra
4- Cng trong sn nh
5- Nhnh ni ng ng thot nc vi cng trong sn nh
6- ng ng thot nc trong nh
b/ su t cng u tin ca tuyn cng kim tra
Chiu su t cng u tin ti tuyn kim tra:
H = h + (iL1 + iL2) + Zd-Z0 + d (m)
Vy su t cng u tin ca tuyn cng kim tra l: H1 =1,5m
Sau khi xc nh su t cng u tin, ta tip tc xc nh ct y cng cho
cc on cng tip theo.
Khi tnh ton thu lc cc tuyn cng ta phi khng ch su t cng, chiu su
t cng khng c ln qu v nh th s kh khn cho vic thi cng v tn km v
mt kinh t. Khi chiu su t cng ln - ln hn 6m, ta phi t cc trm bm cc b
gim chiu su t cng ca cc on tip theo.

19

Di y l cc Bng xc nh lu lng tnh ton v Bng tnh ton kim tra

thu lc tuyn cng chnh v tuyn cng kim tra.
3.4.3. Thit k trc dc tuyn cng.
Bao gm vic xc nh v tr cng trn trc dc ng ph, su chn cng ban
u, dc v cao ti cc im ni tip cng trong cc h ga v ging thm. Trc
ht ta thit lp trc dc mt t theo tuyn thit k vi t l ng 1/100, t l ngang
1/1000. Mang cc im tnh ton t mt bng quy hoch vch tuyn ln trc dc, xc
nh chiu di ca cc on tnh ton, ng thi tin hnh lp bng tnh ton thu lc.
Lu lng tnh ton ly t bng thng k. Sau xc nh su chn cng ban u.
Xc nh nhng on cng c su ln v nh nht cn c vo s liu tnh ton thu
lc ta ghi ch tt c cc ch tiu ln trc dc.
- Thit k trc dc mng li cn t c tc t lm sch v su chn
cng khng ln. Qu trnh thit k trc dc mng li cn theo di iu kin tc
tng dn ngha l tc ca dng chy trong cng ca on sau ln hn on trc.
Tuy nhin quy phm cng quy nh khi tc ln hn 1,5m/s th cho php tc
on sau nh hn on trc, nhng khng qu 15 20%. Gim tc tnh ton
(khng nh hn tc lng ng) ch c php khi dng ging chuyn bc. Tc
trong cng nhnh khng c km hm tc trong cng chnh v mc nc trong
cng khng dnh.
- Trng hp dc ca cng thay i qu ln c th lm dc nc v sau dc
nc phi c ging chuyn bc gim bt tc . Vic ni cng ti cc ging chn
kiu ni cng mt nc. Vi cch ni ny s khng gy hin tng dnh nc, gim
su chn cng.
- Nguyn tc c bn v cu to mng li thot nc l on cng gia cc
ging thm phi l ng thng. Ti nhng ch thay i hng nc chy, thay i
ng knh v ti nhng ch giao lu ca cc dng chy, lm bng mng h ln u.
Gc chuyn tip mng h khng ln hn 900
- C 50m b tr mt ging thm, ging thm dng xem xt trng nom, kim
tra ch cng tc ca mng li thot nc mt cch thng xuyn, ng thi
thng ra khi cn thit.

20

- dn nc qua sng, h, knh o, ng st, ng t v cc cng trnh khc

th xy dng cng kiu cng lun (iuke).

21