CHNG 0: B TC

$1.Gii tch t hp.

1.Quy tc cng v quy tc nhn:
V d1: C 6 quyn sch ton, 5 quyn l, 4 quyn
ha c bao nhiu cch chn:
a. 1quyn.
b. Mt b gm 3 quyn ton ,l, ha.
Gii:b.
Giai on 1: Chn ton c 6 cch.
Giai on 2:Chn l c 5 cch.
Giai on 3: Chn ha c 4 cch.
Suy ra: c 6.5.4 cch chn
1

Vy: Nu 1 cng vic gm nhiu giai on th s cch thc hin ton

b cng vic bng tch s cch ca tng giai on nhn vi nhau
a.Chi c 1 giai on,3 trng hp:Trng hp chn ton c 6
cch,trng hp chn l c 5 cch,trng hp chn ha c 4
cch . Suy ra: c 6+5+4 cch
Vy: Nu xt trong 1 giai on c nhiu trng hp th s cch
thc hin giai on bng tng s cch ca cc trng hp cng
vi nhau
Ghi nh: cc trng hp th cng ; cc giai on th nhn
2. Hon v: Mt hon v ca n phn t l mt cch sp c th
t n phn t khc nhau cho trc

Pn n !
2

3. Chnh hp (khng lp): Mt chnh hp khng lp chp k t n

phn t l mt cch chn c k th t k phn t khc nhau t n
phn t khc nhau cho trc

n!
A n ( n 1) ...( n k 1)
,0 k n
( n k )!
k
n

4. T hp (khng lp): Mt t hp khng lp chp k t n

phn t l mt cch chn khng k th t k phn t khc nhau
t n phn t khc nhau cho trc

C nk

A nk
n!

,0 k n
k ! k !( n k ) !

Ch : c k th t l chnh hp
khng k th t l t hp
3

5.Chnh hp lp.
nh ngha: mt chnh hp lp chp k t n phn t l 1 cch chn
c k th t k phn t(c th ging nhau)t n phn t khc nhau
cho trc .
nh l: s chnh hp lp chp k t n phn t l :
k
n

V d 2: c bao nhiu cch trao 1 gii nht, 1 gii nh, 1

gii ba trong mt cuc thi c 10 hc sinh gii tham gia.
Gii: vic trao gii chia thnh 3 giai on:
Gii nht: 10 cch
Gii nh: 9 cch
Gii 3 : 8 cch
3
Suy ra: c A 1 0 10.9.8 cch
4

 V d 3: C bao nhiu cch chn mt i tuyn gm 3 hc

sinh t 10 hc sinh gii ca mt trng i thi cp qun.
3
Gii: C C 1 0 cch
V d 4: C bao nhiu cch xp 10 hc sinh gii vo 3 lp
hc mt cch ty .
Gii: 1 ngi c 3 cch chn vo 3 lp.
Suy ra c

A310 310

cch sp xp

 V d 5: C bao nhiu cch sp 10 ngi trong c A, B,

C, D ngi vo mt bn ngang sao cho:
a. A ngi cnh B.
b. A cnh B v C khng cnh D.
Gii: a. B A vi B lm mt suy ra cn li 9 ngi c 9! cch
sp. Do A v B c th i ch suy ra c 9!.2! cch

b. A cnh B, C khng cnh D =(A cnh B)-(A cnh B, C cnh D)

= 9!.2!-8!.2!.2!

$2.CHUI.
Tng ca chui ly tha:

k 0

m
x
k
x

, x 1

1 x
k m

1 x

ly o hm

k .x

k 1

k 1

nhn vi x

k .x

k 1

ly o hm

k 1

k .x

k 1

(1 x ) 2
x
(1 x ) 2

1 x

(1 x ) 3
7

$3.Tch phn Poisson

2
xa

dx

2 2

( x a )2
2

dx

2 2
2

u
2

d u

u
2

d u

2
2
8

V d 6: Tnh

f ( x)

x 2 2 xy 5 y 2

dy

2
x
4
x
x 2 2 xy 5 y 2 ( 5 y
)2
5
5
x
u 5y
du 5dy.
5

f ( x) e

2 x2

1
.
e

u2

du e

2 x2

1
.
. 2
5
9

$4.Tch phn Laplace:

1
e
2

f (u )
u

u
0

u2

-hm mt Gauss(hm chn-HNH 3.1)

t2

1
e dt - tch phn Laplace (hm l-HNH 3.2)
2

u 0.5, u 5
.tra xui: 1, 9 6 0 , 4 7 5 0 ( tra hng 1,9; ct 6 bng
phn Laplace).
.tra ngc: ? 0, 45 hng 1,6; gia ct 4 v ct 5 nn

1, 64 1, 65
?
2
10

$4.Tch phn Laplace (tt) :

.Tra xui bng my tnh:
ES : MODE STAT AC SH STAT DISTR Q
MS: MODE SD SH DISTR Q

1, 9 6 Q (1 .9 6 ) 0 , 4 7 5 0
1, 9 6 Q ( 1 .9 6 ) 0 , 4 7 5 0
Q (u ) | (u ) |
u

u P(u )

t2

1
e dt 0,5 u
2
11

 Hnh 3.1

Hnh 3.2

12