V d thc t tnh ton kt cu cng trnh bng phn mm ABAQUS

2. Gii thiu ca s chnh ABAQUS/CAE

khi ng ABAQUS/CAE, ngi s dng c th dng mt trong hai phng php sau:
(ly ABAQUS 6.7 lm v d):
(1) Start > All Programs > Abaqus 6.7-1 > Abaqus CAE
(2) Start > All Programs > Abaqus 6.7-1 > Abaqus Command > Nhp abaqus cae
Sau khi khi ng ABAQUS/CAE > Xut
hin ca s Start Session nh hnh 1.3, la
chn Create Model Database ( thit lp mt
m hnh mi), bt u lm vic vi giao din
ABAQUS/CAE nh hnh 1.4.

! Trong ca s Start Session c 4 loi la

chn: (1) Create Model Database: thit lp
mt m hnh mi; (2) Open Database: m
mt m hnh c sn; (3) Run Script: chy
t file mnh lnh ABAQUS/CAE; (4) Start
Tutorial: khi ng gio trnh tr gip trc
tuyn.

Hnh 1. 3 Ca s la chn Start Session

Ca s chnh ABAQUS/CAE cho hnh 1.4, bao gm cc b phn nh di y:

(1) Thanh tiu (Title bar)
Thng bo phin bn ABAQUS/CAE ang s dng v tn kho s liu m hnh hin hnh.
(2) Thanh menu (Menu bar)
Cha ton b cc cng nng ca ABAQUS/CAE.
(3) Thanh cng c (Tool bar)
Cha mt s chc nng thng dng trong menu.
(4) Thanh mi trng (Context bar)
Cha cc module cng nng ca ABAQUS/CAE, cho php ngi s dng la chn module
hin hnh.
(5) Cy m hnh (Model tree)
Hin th trc quan c tnh cc phng din ca m hnh. S dng cy m hnh c th d
dng trao i gia cc module cng nng, c th thc hin hu ht cc cng nng ca thanh
menu v thanh cng c.
(6) Vng ha ( Viewport)
Hin th hnh hc ca m hnh v c th thc hin cc thao tc trn .
(7) Vng cng c ( Toolbox area)
Cha cc chc nng tng ng vi mi mt module c la chn, thun tin cho ngi s
dng.
(8) Vng thng bo (Prompt area)
Thng bo cho ngi s dng bc tip theo nn lm vic g d dng a ra quyt nh

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cho bc tip theo.

(9) Vng thng tin (Message area)
Hin th thng tin trng thi v thng tin cnh bo hin hnh.
(10) Ca s tip nhn mnh lnh (Command line interface)
Li dng ngn ng Python c trong ABAQUS/CAE, c th s dng ca s tip nhn nhp
mnh lnh Python v biu t thc tnh ton s hc.
Cy m hnh
Thanh tiu

Thanh mi trng
Thanh menu

Vng thng tin Vng cng c

hoc ca s tip
nhn mnh lnh

Thanh cng c

Vng thng bo

Vng ha

Hnh 1. 4 Giao din ABAQUS/CAE

c gi hiu r hn cc bc c bn thit lp m hnh v phn tch bi ton kt cu trong
phn mm ABAQUS, chng ta cng lm mt s v d c th di y.

II. V d
Phn tch ng sut dm thp hnh
1. Miu t vn
S dng phn mm phn tch phn t hu hn ABAQUS, xc nh ng sut v chuyn v ca
dm thp hnh ch I c chiu di L = 6m v chu ti trng phn b u q = 3.5105 N/m2.

V d thc t tnh ton kt cu cng trnh bng phn mm ABAQUS

Kch thc mt ct ngang dm nh sau: chiu cao dm h = 0.3m, chiu dy bn bng b =

0.008m, b rng bn cnh bc = 0.2m, chiu dy bn cnh trn v di ln lt l 0.012m v
0.010m. Vt liu thp c m un n hi E = 2.11011N/m2, h s Poisson = 0.3, cng
gii hn fy = 3.45108 N/m2.
! nh lng trong ABAQUS u khng c n v, ngi s dng nn ch thng nht n v,
nu khng c th dn n kt qu tnh ton khng ph hp vi thc t. ABAQUS khng qun
s dng h n v no, nhng cn phi bo m thng nht quan h gia cc n v. Ti liu
ny s dng n v tiu chun quc t, chiu di thng nht s dng n v l mt, lc thng
nht s dng n v l Niutn, khi lng thng nht s dng n v l kilogam.
2. Xy dng m hnh ba chiu
T Module trn thanh mi trng, la chn cng nng Part.
(1) Xy dng cu kin
(Create Part) > Xut hin ca s Create Part nh
Trn vng cng c nhn biu tng
hnh 1.5. Trong ca s ny Name: Damdon; Modeling Space: 3D; Type: Deformable; Base
Feature > Shape: Solid; Base Feature > Type: Extrusion; Approximate size: 1; cui cng nhn
Continuekhi ng giao din v ha hai chiu.
!Trong ti liu ny quy nh nh sau:cc ch v s in
m l nhp t ngoi vo, cc ch v s in m
nghing l cc la chn c sn. Tn ting Vit cc
cng nng ch tham kho, tc gi cha tm c
thut ng ting Vit ph hp, pha di nhiu ch vn
gi nguyn tn ting Anh.

! Trong ABAQUS ch chp nhn ngn ng ting Anh.

Approximate size ch l kch thc tng th vng
ha, c th da vo kch thc m hnh nh ngha,
nhng cn phi hp nhp nhng vi nhau.
! Pha di cc ca s ABAQUS/CAE thng xut
hin hai nt: Dismiss v Cancel, tc dng ca n u
l ng ca s hin thi. Nhng c s khc bit: nt
Dismiss xut hin ni bao hm ch c d liu trong
ca s, khng th tin hnh chnh sa ni dung trong
ca s, cn nt Cancel xut hin ti ni trong ca s
c cho php chnh sa, nhn nt Cancel khng trc
tip lu chnh sa khi ng ca s.

Hnh 1. 5 Ca s Create Part

(2) V hnh hai chiu

Sau khi khi ng giao din v ha hai chiu, nhn biu tng
(Create Lines:
Connected) trn vng cng c, vng thng bo hin th Pick a starting point for the line
or enter X,Y: (chn im bt u ca ng thng hoc nhp ta X, Y), nhp ta X, Y
(-0.1, 0.15) nh hnh 1.6, mn hnh ha xut hin im bt u ca ng thng, vng

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thng bo tip tc hin th Pick an end point for the line or enter X,Y: (chn im kt
thc ca ng thng hoc nhp ta X, Y), nhp ta (0.1, 0.15) , trong mn hnh
ha xut hin mt ng thng lin tc. Vng thng bo vn hin th la chn im cui ca
ng thng, ln lt nhp gi tr cc ta cho n khi hon thnh mt ct ngang dm ch I
nh hnh 1.7. Nhn Esc trn bn phm kt thc cng c thao tc v ng thng.

Hnh 1. 6 Ca s nhp ta im
Ta cc im to mt ct dm hnh ch I:
(-0.1,0.15); (0.1,0.15); (0.1,0.138); (0.004,0.138); (0.004,-0.138); (0.1,-0.138); (0.1,-0.15);
(-0.1,-0.15); (-0.1,-0.138); (-0.004,-0.138); (-0.004,0.138); (-0.1,0.138); (-0.1,0.15).
! Khi di chuyn con tr chut trong vng ha, gc trn bn tri vng ha hin th ta
v tr con tr chut hin ti. Ta c th v trc tip trn vng ha bng cch nhn chut ti
cc v tr c ta mong mun.
Nhn

(Save Model Database) trn thanh cng c lu mt ct va thit lp.

! Trong ABAQUS, nu ngi s dng cha xc

nhn mnh lnh kt thc, phn mm c th t
ng thc hin mnh lnh hin c. V vy ngi
s dng sau khi hon thnh thao tc cn phi
xc nhn kt thc mnh lnh.
! ABAQUS/CAE khng th t ng bo lu d
liu m hnh, v vy ngi s dng nn c thi
quen nhn nt Save sau khong thi gian nht
nh. T y tr i chng ti s khng nhc li
thao tc ny.

Hnh 1. 7 Mt ct ngang dm ch I

(Undo/Redo Last Action) trn

Khi mt thao tc no b sai, c th nhn biu tng
vng cng c khi phc n bc thao tc trc. Cn khi sai kh nhiu, c th s dng
cng c

(Delete).

(3) To m hnh ba chiu

Sau khi hon thnh v mt ct dm hnh ch I, vng thng bo hin th nh hnh 1.8, nhn nt
Done xut hin ca s Edit Base Extrusion nh hnh 1.9. Depth: 6, sau nhn OK xc
nhn v thot khi ca s. M hnh dm ch I sau khi hon thnh cho hnh 1.10.

Hnh 1. 8 Xc nhn c tip tc hay khng

3. nh ngha vt liu v thuc tnh mt ct
T Module trn thanh mi trng, la chn cng nng Property.
(1) nh ngha vt liu
Trn vng cng c nhn biu tng

(Create Material) > Xut hin ca s Edit Material

V d thc t tnh ton kt cu cng trnh bng phn mm ABAQUS

nh hnh 1.11. Name: Thep; Nhn la chn Mechanical > Elasticity > Elastic, trong ca s
Data nhp gi tr Youngs Modulus: 2.1e11, Poissons Ratio: 0.3 nh biu th hnh 1.11(a);
tip tc la chn Mechanical > Plasticity > Plastic, trong ca s Data nhp gi tr Yield
Stress: 3.45e8, Plastic strain: 0, nh biu th hnh 1.11(b), sau nhn OK xc nhn v
ng ca s.

Hnh 1. 9 Ca s Edit Base Extrusion

Hnh 1. 10 M hnh ba chiu dm thp hnh

(a)

(b)
Hnh 1. 11 Ca s Edit Material

(2) nh ngha thuc tnh mt ct

Nhn biu tng
(Create Section) trn vng cng c > xut hin ca s Create Section
nh hnh 1.12. Name: Matcat-dam, Category: Solid, Type: Homogeneous, nhn Continue
xut hin ca s Edit Section nh hnh 1.13, la chn mc nh sau nhn OK ng ca
s, hon thnh nh ngha thuc tnh mt ct.

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Hnh 1. 12 Ca s Create Section

Hnh 1. 13 Ca s Edit Section

(3) Gn thuc tnh mt ct cho cu kin

Nhn biu tng
(Assign Section) trn vng cng c, vng thng bo hin th nh hnh
1.14, nhn la chn m hnh dm trong vng ha, nhn nt Done, xut hin ca s Edit
Section Assignment nh hnh 1.15, la chn mc nh, sau nhn OK thot khi ca s,
hon thnh nh ngha thuc tnh mt ct Damdon.

Hnh 1. 14 La chn i tng gn mt ct

! ABAQUS/CAE khng c kh nng ly thuc tnh vt liu trc tip gn cho m hnh, m l
u tin nh ngha mt ct ca m hnh, mang thuc tnh vt liu nh ngha trn mt ct.
Thng qua nh ngha thuc tnh mt ct ca cu kin, hon thnh nh ngha thuc tnh vt
liu ca cu kin, vn ny khng ging vi cc phn mm phn t hu hn khc.

Hnh 1. 16 Ca s Create Instance

Hnh 1. 15 Ca s Edit Section Assignment

4. nh ngha lp ghp cu kin

T Module trn thanh mi trng, la chn cng nng Assembly.

V d thc t tnh ton kt cu cng trnh bng phn mm ABAQUS

Nhn biu tng

(Instance Part) trn vng cng c, mn hnh ha hin th m hnh
ba chiu ca cu kin, ng thi xut hin ca s Create Instance nh hnh v 1.16, chp nhn
cc mc nh trong ca s sau nhn OK thot khi ca s, hon thnh nh ngha lp
ghp cu kin.
5. Thit lp bc phn tch
T Module trn thanh mi trng, la chn cng nng Step.
(Create Step) trn vng cng c, xut hin ca s Create Step nh hnh
Nhn biu tng
v 1.17. Name: Step-1; Procedure type: General, ca s bn di la chn Static, General,
nhn Continue tip tc xut hin ca s Edit Step nh hnh v 1.18, chp nhn cc mc
nh, nhn OK thot khi ca s, hon thnh nh ngha bc phn tch m hnh.
! ABAQUS/CAE c th t ng xy dng mt bc phn tch ban u Initial step, ngi s
dng c th gn iu kin bin ban u trong bc ny. Ngi s dng vn cn phi t xy
dng mt bc phn tch tip theo, gn ti trng trong cc bc phn tch tip theo.

Hnh 1. 17 Ca s Create Step

Hnh 1. 18 Ca s Edit Step

6. nh ngha ti trng v iu kin bin

T Module trn thanh mi trng, la chn cng nng Load tin hnh nh ngha ti trng
v iu kin bin.
(1) Gn ti trng

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Nhn biu tng

(Create Load) trn
vng cng c, xut hin ca s Create Load
nh hnh v 1.19. Name: Load-1; Step:
Step-1; Category: Mechanical; Types for
Selected Step (loi hnh ti trng ca bc
phn tch la chn): Pressure, nhn
Continue, vng thng bo hin th Select
surfaces for the load (la chn mt gn
ti trng), la chn mt trn ca bn cnh
trn, xut hin ca s Edit load nh hnh v
1.20, Distribution: Uniform; Magnitude:
3.5e5, cc gi tr khc nhn mc nh, nhn
OK thot khi ca s, hon thnh nh
ngha ti trng trn dm thp hnh, m hnh
nh hnh v 1.21.

Hnh 1. 19 Ca s Create Load

Hnh 1. 20 Hin th v tr gn ti trng trn m hnh v ca s gn gi tr ti trng

Hnh 1. 21 Ti trng phn b gn trn m hnh

V d thc t tnh ton kt cu cng trnh bng phn mm ABAQUS

(2) nh ngha iu kin bin

Nhn biu tng
(Create Boundary
Condition) trn vng cng c, xut hin ca s
Create Boundary Condition nh hnh v 1.22.
Name: BC-1; Step: Initial; Category:
Mechanical; Types for Selected Step:
Displacement/Rotation, nhn Continue, vng
thng bo hin th Select regions for the
boundary condition (la chn min gn iu
kin bin), la chn mt u dm nh hnh v
1.23, sau nhn Done, xut hin ca s Edit
Boundary Condition nh hnh 1.24, la chn cc
rng buc chuyn v thng U1=U2=0, chuyn v
xoay UR2=UR3=0, sau nhn OK hon thnh
nh ngha iu kin bin mt u dm.

Hnh 1. 23 La chn mt u dm

Hnh 1. 22 Create Boundary Condition

Hnh 1. 24 Edit Boundary Condition

Tng t gn iu kin bin cho u dm cn li cng vi U1=U2=UR1=UR2=0. M hnh

sau khi gn iu kin bin cho hnh 1.25.
7. Phn chia mng li
T Module trn thanh mi trng, la chn cng nng Mesh tin hnh phn chia mng
li m hnh. T hng mc Object trn thanh mi trng, la chn Part: Damdon nh hnh
v 1.26.

Hnh 1. 25 nh ngha i tng phn chia mng li

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Hnh 1. 26 Gn rng buc hai u dm

(1) Phn tch chi tit
Phn tch bn cnh di v bn bng: nhn biu tng
(Partition Cell: Define Cutting
Plane) trn vng cng c, vng thng bo hin th nh hnh v 1.27, la chn phng php
Point&Normal, nhn la chn im giao gia bn cnh di v bn bng, vng thng bo li
hin th select a normal direction, la chn ng thng ng ca bn bng nh hnh v
1.28.

Hnh 1. 27 La chn phng php phn tch

Tip tc phn tch bn cnh trn v bn bng: tng t nh trn, la chn im giao gia bn
cnh trn v bn bng v ng thng ng ca bn bng, kt thc qu trnh phn tch m
hnh dm thp nh hnh v 1.29.

Hnh 1. 28 Giao im mt
phn tch v phng hng

Hnh 1. 29 Dm thp hnh sau khi phn tch bn cnh trn vi

bn bng

(2) B tr mng li ht ging

Nhn biu tng
(Seed Part) trn vng cng c, xut hin ca s Global Seeds nh hnh
v 1.30, Approximate global size: 0.05, cn li nhn gi tr mc nh, nhn Apply, xut hin

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V d thc t tnh ton kt cu cng trnh bng phn mm ABAQUS

nh hnh v 1.31, sau nhn OK.

Hnh 1. 30 Ca s Global Seeds

Hnh 1. 31 Phn chia trn bin

(3) Phn chia mng li
Nhn biu tng
(Mesh Part) trn vng cng c, vng thng bo hin th nh hnh v
1.32, nhn Yes, da vo nh ngha trn t ng phn chia, m hnh phn t hu hn dm
thp hnh c cho hnh v 1.33.

Hnh 1. 32 Chp nhn phn chia mng li hay khng

! V phng din x l s liu ca ABAQUS/CAE vi cc phn mm phn t hu hn khc c
u im: thuc tnh vt liu ca m hnh, tc dng tng h gia cc chi tit, ti trng, iu
kin binu c th nh ngha trc tip trn m hnh hnh hc, khng bt buc nh ngha
trc tip trn phn t v im nt, khi phn chia li mng li, cc tham s ny u khng
cn phi nh ngha li.
8. Cng tc phn tch
T Module trn thanh mi trng, la chn cng nng Job tin hnh giao cng vic phn
tch.

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Hnh 1. 33 Mng li phn t hu hn dm thp hnh

(1) nh ngha cng tc phn tch
Nhn biu tng
(Create Job) trn vng cng c,
xut hin ca s Create Job nh hnh v 1.34, Name:
Job-1, nhn Continue xut hin ca s Edit Job nh
hnh v 1.35, chp nhn gi tr mc nh, nhn OK
thot khi ca s, hon thnh nh ngha cng tc
phn tch m hnh.
! Trong ca s Create Job, khng nhng c th i vi
file CAE thit lp cng tc phn tch, vn c th i
vi file Inp thit lp cng tc phn tch, c th c th
xem nhng phn sau.

Hnh 1. 35 Ca s Edit Job

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Hnh 1. 34 Ca s Create Job

V d thc t tnh ton kt cu cng trnh bng phn mm ABAQUS

(2) Giao vic phn tch

Hnh 1. 36 Ca s Job Manager

T menu Job trn thanh Menu, la chn Manager, xut hin ca s Job Manager nh hnh
1.36. Nhn Submit c th thy di Status trong ca s ln lt chuyn qua cc giai on
Submitted (giao vic phn tch), Running (qu trnh phn tch) cui cng l Completed (hon
thnh phn tch). Nhn Results (phn tch kt qu) t ng chuyn sang module Visualization.
! Nu Status thng bo Aborted (phn tch tht bi), tc l c xut hin li trong qu trnh
phn tch m hnh, dn n phn tch b dng li. y c kh nng l do nguyn nhn thit
lp m hnh, cng c th l nguyn nhn khc, lc ny c th nhn Monitortrong ca s
hnh 1.26 kim tra thng tin li, tm ra nguyn nhn gy ra li. Trong qu trnh phn tch
tn ti Warning (cnh bo), song khng c ngha l m hnh tn ti li.
9. X l kt qu
(1) Hin th bin hnh
(Plot Deformed Shape) trn vng cng c, trn vng ha hin th
Nhn biu tng
m hnh phn t hu hn dm thp hnh sau khi bin hnh nh hnh 1.37.

Hnh 1. 37 M hnh phn t hu hn dm thp hnh sau khi bin hnh

(2) Hin th ph ng sut
Nhn biu tng
(Plot Contours on Deformed Shape) trn vng cng c, trn vng
ha hin th ph ng sut Mises dm thp hnh khi kt thc mt bc phn tch nh hnh 1.38.

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Hnh 1. 38 Ph ng sut Mises dm thp hnh

! Ngoi hai kt qu c bn trn, ABAQUS/CAE vn c th xut nhiu loi kt qu theo yu
cu ca ngi s dng. Vn ny s c b sung trong cc phn tip theo. Tuy nhin cng
nng x l kt qu ca ABAQUS/CAE vn khng th hon ton tha mn cc yu cu ca
ngi s dng. V vy ngi s dng c th da vo yu cu ca mnh, la chn phn mm
x l s liu thch hp vi x l file s liu xut ra t tnh ton ABAQUS.
10. Thot khi ABAQUS
Sau khi phn tch x l kt qu, qu trnh phn tch dm thp hnh ch I hon thnh. Trc
(Exit) gc trn bn phi mn hnh
khi thot cn lu m hnh hin c, sau nhn nt
hoc la chn File > Exit trong thanh menu chnh thot khi ABAQUS/CAE.

Phn tch ng sut bn thp phng c l

1. Miu t vn
C mt bn phng chu ko, ti v tr trung tm c mt l trn nh c ng knh l 10mm.
Bn phng hnh vung c kch thc 10010010mm. Lc ko phn b u ti hai cnh l p
= 100MPa. Vt liu thp c m un n hi E = 210000MPa, h s Poisson = 0.3. Yu cu
phn tch ng sut Mises ti ni tp trung ng sut quanh l trn nh.
2. Xy dng m hnh

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