Tp ch phn tch Ha, L v Sinh hc Tp 19, S 1/2014

NGHIN CU KH NNG DCH CHUYN MT S NGUYN T

Cu, Mn, Cr, As TRONG NC THI TI KHU CNG NGHIP
AN PH, TNH PH YN
Phn 3. M HNH HA S LAN TRUYN KIM LOI NNG Cu, Mn, Cr, As
TRONG NGUN NC THI CA KHU CNG NGHIP AN PH
n ta son 23 - 5 - 2013
Nguyn Ngc Tun
Vin Nghin cu Ht nhn Lt
Trng Minh Tr
Trng i hc Xy dng min Trung
SUMMARY
THIRD PART: MODELING THE TRANSPORT OF HEAVY METALS Cu, Mn, Cr
AND As IN WASTEWATER OF AN PHU INDUSTRIAL ZONE
To show the transport of heavy metals As, Cr, Cu, Mn in waste water of An Phu
industrial zone, a mathematical model was developed using Matlab software. The model
was tested and verified by the experimental data, and then was used to predict a
tendency of the contaminants effluence. The simulation results showed that the
transport of heavy metals was clearly. Based on this, the concentrations of As, Cr, Cu,
Mn were forecasted at different distances far from the effluent source.
1. T VN
Gn mi nm hnh thnh v i vo hot
ng, khu cng nghip An Ph c
nhng ng gp ng ghi nhn vo s
pht trin kinh t-x hi ca tnh Ph
Yn. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh sn xut
kinh doanh ca cc doanh nghip hot
ng trong khu cng nghip, thi ra
mt lng nc thi kh ln. Do cha c

trm x l thi tp trung, ti cc doanh

nghip tuy c trm x l thi ni b
nhng cha t cht lng theo yu cu
nn phn ln nc thi a vo mi
trng, gy nn nhim.
Trong hai cng trnh trc [1, 2] v trong
bo co tng kt ti:ng dng
phng php kch hot ntron v cc
phng php phn tch ha l hin

i, nh gi tnh trng mi trng 3

2. M HNH MATLAB

khu cng nghip ca tnh Ph Yn v

xut gii php khc phc, phng
nga[3], chng ti nghin cu
phng php xc nh 04 nguyn t Cu,
Mn, Cr, As v nh gi hm lng ca
chng trong nc thi ca Khu cng
nghip An Ph.
Trong cng trnh ny, chng ti cng b

2.1. Phng trnh c bn [4, 5, 6]

M hnh ha nhim nc c th hin
bi nhiu yu t nh hng ln qu trnh
gy nhim v s a dng ca nhim.
y ch gii hn xem xt m hnh m
t qu trnh chuyn di v pha long cc
cht c hi trong khong thi gian tng
i ngn.

kt qu tnh ton (c s dng phn mm

Matlab) v s lan truyn nhim cc

S lan truyn cht nhim trong dng

nc c m t mt cch y nht

kim loi Cu, Mn, Cr, As trong nc thi

ti khu cng nghip An Ph, tnh Ph
Yn v c kim chng bng thc
nghim. .

bng phng trnh khuch tn ri 03

chiu ca cht:

C C C C
C
Kx
K y
Kz
V
KC

t x
x y
y z
z
x
Trong :
C nng cht gy nhim;
t thi gian;
x, y, z ta khng gian;
Kx, Ky, Kz h s khuch tn ri theo hng cc trc x, y, z;
V tc dng chy;
K h s phi bo ton.
* Vn tc c gii t phng trnh dng chy 2 chiu nc nng

hU hV

qs
t
x
y

(2)

U
U
U

U
V
Fx M x g
0
t
x
y
x

(3)

V
V
V

U
V
Fy M y g
0
t
x
y
y

(4)

( x, y , z )

(1)

z
ln
z0
h z0
1 ln
z0
h
U

(5)

 ( x, y , z )

z
ln
z0
h z0
1 ln
z0
h
V

(6)

C uC vC ( w s )C C C C
(7)

Ac
Kc
Ac
S
t
x
y
z
x x y y z
z
Trong :
D
- su
z0
- cao trnh m vn tc bng 0;
C
- nng cht bn;
u, v v w - vn tc trung bnh ca dng chy theo phng x, y v z;
s
- th thy lc;
S
- s hng ngun;
t
- thi gian;
g
- gia tc trng trng;

- cao trnh mt nc;

zb
- cao y;
h
- chiu su nc (h = - zb );

- khi lng ring ca nc;

qs
- lu lng ngun v cc thnh phn vn tc ca n;
Fx, Fy
- ngoi lc trn cc phng x,y;

- vn tc theo phng ng trong h ta sigma;

U, V
- 2 thnh phn vn tc trung bnh chiu su theo phng x v y tng ng;
AC, KC - cc h s khuch tn ri trn cc phng ngang v phng ng;
2.2. Phng php gii
Trong trng dng chy vi thnh phn
vn tc w = v = 0 v u = const, b qua
khuch tn theo phng trc x, li gii

chnh xc cho phng trnh (7) c tn l

m hnh Gauss, cho ngun im lin tc,
vi cng sut M t ti ta (x = 0, y =
0, z = H) l:

y2
( z H ws x / U ) 2
M
C ( x, y , z )
EXP 2 EXP

2 y
2 U y z
2 z2

(*)

Trong y v z l cc h s khuch tn v ch bin thin trn trc x:

y2

2 AC
2 KC
x , z2
x
U
U

2.3. M phng lan truyn

cao im ngun pht thi v cc v tr
ly mu so vi gc O ca h trc xyz:
chn gi tr ny ln khng nh
hng n cn tr ca a hnh, y
chng ti chn cao H(m)= 50,2; do v
tr ly mu cch mt nc 0,2 m, v vy
cao ca mu c ly v tr theo trc
tung l 50m, gc to O c xem v

+ Cc ng ng mc c n v mg/m3

tr y thp nht ca dng x thi. Trong

thc t khi chy m hnh, nu chn

Ph. Trn c s , gii phng trnh (*),

xc nh lng pht thi M(mg/s) cht

cao H cc gi tr khc nhau, th kt qu

hm lng cht pht thi vn khng thay
i.
Trong bi bo ny, ngun pht thi c
xem xt ton khu cng nghip ra n H
Bu Sen v bn trong khu cng nghip

ang xt ti ngun im lin tc ca ton

khu vc x thi.
3. KT QU V THO LUN

n H Bu Sen bao gm cc cng thi

u l cc cng xi mng. S lan truyn
theo m hnh c tnh khi nc thi
chy trn ra khi khu vc H Bu Sen.
V vy, khong cch c xc nh s
lan truyn c tnh t khong cch
140m im cui ca cng x thi.
+ Khong cch ln nht c xy dng

Hm lng (ppb)

trn m hnh Matlab theo phng X cn

kho st (phng ngang theo chiu dng
chy): Xmax (m)= 1000.
+ Vn tc trung bnh ca dng chy theo
phng x (c o trc tip): U(m/s) =
1.
+ H s khuch tn ri theo phng
ngang (phng y): Ac(m2/s) = 5 v theo
phng ng (phng z): Kc(m2/s) = 0,5
+ Vn tc ri ti hn trung bnh ca
nhm ht cht thi: ws(m/s) = 0

(hay ppb).
+ xc nh lng pht thi ti khu vc
ngun x thi i vi As, Cr, Cu, Mn,
chng ti xc nh lu lng thi ca
khu cng nghip l 232 m3/ngy, sau
tin hnh phn tch thc nghim xc nh
hm lng cc cht thi ti 11 im nt
x thi bn trong Khu cng nghip An

Bng 1. Kt qu xc nh hm lng cc
cht thi ti 11 im nt x thi bn trong
(Khu cng nghip An Ph)
As (ppb)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

As (ppb)

14,2 1,2

14,2 1,2

14,2 1,2

14,2 1,2

18,2 1,1

18,2 1,1

18,2 1,1

18,2 1,1

16,3 1,4

16,3 1,4

16,3 1,4

16,3 1,4

14,3 1,2

14,3 1,2

14,3 1,2

14,3 1,2

14,7 1,3

14,7 1,3

14,7 1,3

14,7 1,3

14,6 1,3

14,6 1,3

14,6 1,3

14,6 1,3

11,3 0,9

11,3 0,9

11,3 0,9

11,3 0,9

13,3 1,0

13,3 1,0

13,3 1,0

13,3 1,0

13,6 1,0

13,6 1,0

13,6 1,0

13,6 1,0

12,9 0,9

12,9 0,9

12,9 0,9

12,9 0,9

13,1 0,8

13,1 0,8

13,1 0,8

13,1 0,8

Vic gii phng trnh (*) cho ta thy

lng pht thi M(mg/s) cht ang xt ti
ngun im lin tc ca ton khu vc x
thi tng ng theo th t vi As =
33957(mg/s); Cr = 35613(mg/s); Cu =
283786(mg/s) v Mn =1690018(mg/s).

Qu trnh m phng cc kt qu thc

dng chy cho thy s dch chuyn hm

nghim ny theo phn mm Matlab trn

cc hnh 1, 2, 3 v 4 v s lan truyn As,
Cr, Cu, Mn trong nc thi theo chiu

lng ca 4 nguyn t th hin r trn

tng v tr ng ng mc theo phng
ngang
chiu
dng
chy
(x).

Hnh 1. M hnh lan truyn As

Hnh 2. M hnh lan truyn Cr

Hnh 3. M hnh lan truyn Cu

Hnh 4. M hnh lan truyn Mn

Kt qu m phng theo cc m hnh 1 - 4

cng cho thy s phn b nng cht
thi trn mt phng ng i qua ngun
pht thi vi cc ng ng mc c n
v ppb.
kim tra tnh tng thch v tnh kh
dng ca m hnh Matlab, khi ng dng
m hnh trong nghin cu kh nng lan
truyn cc cht nhim v phng on
din th nhim, cng nh d bo c

mc hm lng gy nhim ca cc cht

gy nhim quan tm, mt m hnh th
nghim c thit lp. Theo , kt
qu d bo hm lng cc nguyn t khi
m phng bng phn mm Matlab (bng
2) cho thy kh ph hp vi cc gi tr
hm lng cc nguyn t nhn c khi
tin hnh phn tch cc mu c thu
thp ti cc v tr ly mu khc nhau
(bng 3).

Bng 2. Khong cch ly mu v hm lng cc nguyn t As, Cr, Cu, Mn c tnh

trn phn mm Matlab.
Khong cch tnh
t khu vc x thi
(m)

Hm lng (ppb)
As

Cr

Cu

Mn

140

12,2

12,8

102

607

200

8,5

8,9

71,4

425

300

5,7

5,9

48

284

360

4,8

4,9

40

236

Bng 3. Khong cch ly mu v hm lng cc nguyn t As, Cr, Cu, Mn c xc

nh bng phng php phn tch quang ph hp th nguyn t.
Khong cch
tnh t khu vc
x thi (m)

As

Cr

Cu

Mn

140

12,3 1,0

13,1 1,1

105 5,8

610 17,8

160

12,0 1,0

12,0 1,0

92 8,0

580 16,2

180

10,8 0,9

10,8 0,9

88 8,0

540 16,0

200

9,2 0,8

9,4 0,8

78 6,8

510 16,0

220

8,5 0,8

9,0 0,8

74 6,4

480 15,8

240

7,3 0,7

8,3 0,8

69 5,5

420 15,3

260

7,1 0,6

7,6 0,6

63 5,5

400 15,2

280

6,6 0,6

6,9 0,6

58 4,3

350 14,6

300

6,3 0,5

6,7 0,6

53 4,3

310 14,3

320

6,2 0,5

6,2 0,5

50 4,1

280 14,1

360

5,2 0,6

5,5 0,5

44 4,0

240 13,6

Hm lng (ppb)

C th xt trong khu vc kho st s dch

chuyn As, Cr, Cu, Mn th sai s gia kt
qu phn tch mu thc t (bng 3) v

theo m phng bng phn mm (bng 2)

vi As 9,7%; vi Cr 10,9%; vi Cu
10,2% v vi Mn 16,6%.

Trn c s m phng, c th d on

ppm QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT); Khi

c hm lng As, Cr, Cu, Mn cc

khong cch khc nhau khi xa khu vc
x thi (theo hnh 1, 2, 3, 4):
- v tr cch khu vc thi x = 400m
theo chiu dng thi, th hm lng As l
4,3 ppb; v tr cch khu vc thi x =
800m theo chiu dng thi, th hm
lng As l 2,1 ppb.

cng sut pht thi ton khu cng nghip

An Ph tng gp 19,6 ln so vi hin
nay, th mi trng nc thi c du hiu
b nhim Cu, khi ti v tr cch
ngun thi 140m th Cu c hm lng 2
ppm. Ring i vi Mn: c du hiu
nhim vt ngng nc thi loi A khi
thot ra mi trng (0,607 ppm), Tuy

- v tr cch khu vc thi x = 400m

theo chiu dng thi, th hm lng Cr l

nhin, theo kt qu thc nghim v tnh

ton trn m hnh Matlab, khi xa ngun

5,0 ppb; v tr cch khu vc thi x =

600m theo chiu dng thi, th hm
lng Cr l 3,0 ppb.
- v tr cch khu vc thi x = 500m
theo chiu dng thi, th hm lng Cu l
28,6 ppb; v tr cch khu vc thi x =

thi 200m th hm lng Mn thp hn

tiu chun loi A (theo QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT).

700m theo chiu dng thi, th hm

lng Cu l 20,4 ppb.
- v tr cch khu vc thi x = 400m
theo chiu dng thi, th hm lng Mn
l 212 ppb; v tr cch khu vc thi x =
600m theo chiu dng thi, th hm
lng Mn l 142 ppb. Kt qu m phng
cn c th d on c kh nng lan

nguyn t (As, Cr, Cu, Mn) trong khu

vc x thi dc knh dn ca khu cng
nghip An Ph tnh Ph Yn kh ph
hp so vi kt qu thc nghim.
T kt qu m phng trn phn mm
Matlab c th d bo c tc di
chuyn cng nh kh nng gy nhim
ca bn nguyn t trn khi cng sut pht

truyn nhim; c th l: Khi cng sut

pht thi ton khu cng nghip An Ph
tng hn 4 ln so vi hin nay, th mi
trng nc thi c du hiu b nhim
As
(0,05
ppm

QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT), khi ti v tr cch
ngun thi 140m, As c hm lng 0,05
ppm; Khi cng sut pht thi ton khu
cng nghip An Ph tng gp 19 ln so
vi hin nay, th mi trng nc thi c
du hiu b nhim Cr (Cr tng: 0,25

4. KT LUN
Kt qu s dng phn mm Matlab gii
bi ton lan truyn nhim i vi 4

thi ca cc khu cng nghip tng ln.

C th m rng phn mm Matlab m
hnh ha qu trnh dch chuyn cc
nguyn t khc c kh nng gy nhim
mi trng ti khu cng nghip An Ph
ni ring v cc khu cng nghip ni
chung.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Nguyn Ngc Tun. Trng Minh Tr.
(xem tip tr.25)