Chng 3 Quan ly va van hanh he thong ti

Neu e lai cac ot cay co bo lan tren mat at, cac khom co mi se c hnh thanh
va mat o co se day len

Thu hoach trc khi co ra hoa! Neu co ra hoa se can rat nhieu nang lng t cay nen
khi thu hoach co se tai sinh rat kem

1. Quan ly va van hanh he thong ti

Neu thu hoach co ma gia suc s dung khong het, co the s dung e che bien co kho
d tr. Lu y khi phi phai ao cho co kho eu

1.1 So lng van c m khi van hanh he thong

S dung may cat co e thu hoach co. Do la va than co Uc mem nen khi thu hoach
vet cat thng b dap nat.

1.1 So lng van c m tuy thuoc vao

Cong suat may bm

So lng tep phun ma moi van ieu phoi

Kch thc cua tha ruong (chieu dai cua ng ong phu)

Nguon ien cung cap manh hay yeu

Co the tnh c lng nc may bm bm c, t o a ra quyet nh bao nhieu tep

phun va van c m cung mot luc
Cach tnh so lng van nc m 1 lan

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May bm ien
-

Lng nc ay 100 lt/phut hay 6.000

lt/gi (6m3)

10 tep phun/ng ong phu

Tep phun: 250 lt nc/gi

= Lng nc bm trong 1 gi : lng

nc yeu cau qua tep phun

= 6.000 : 250 = 24 tep phun.

So van can m = 24 tep phun : 10 tep

phun/van = 2,4 van

M 3 van sau o ieu chnh

So tep phun can m

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 May bm xang
-

Lng nc ay 600 lt/phut hay 36.000

lt/gi (36m3)

15 tep phun/ng ong phu

Tep phun: 250 lt nc/gi

= Lng nc bm trong 1 gi : lng

nc yeu cau qua tep phun

= 36.000 : 250 = 114 tep phun.

So van can m = 114 tep phun : 15 tep

phun/van = 7,6 van

So tep phun can m

A. M qua nhieu van cung mot luc

ieu chnh may bm: ieu chnh ga (may bm xang, Diesel)

Van hanh may bm

Quan sat va nghe tieng rt cua nc qua tep phun (xem trang 59 - 60)

Ap dung va ieu chnh cho phu hp

Neu nghe tieng rt nh tieng tieng huyt gio va cac tia nc qua cac tep phun co dang hnh
cong cang, giao thoa vi nhau, ieu o co ngha la so lng van va tep phun m ra ung
theo yeu cau. Ap lc cua nc tren ng ong nh chung ta mong muon.
Kiem tra lai neu ban knh tia nc la 5 m quanh cot phun nc
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Nc phan bo khong ong eu tao thanh nhng

vong tron rat t xung quanh cot phun nc

Khoa bt van

Tang ga may bm

A. Ap suat qua thap

C. M qua t van cung mot luc

Ap suat ng ong va tep phun qua cao dan

en nc phun tao ra thanh sng

Nc ch tap trung ngay canh cot phun nc

B. Ap suat phu hp

GIAI PHAP:

Quan sat tia nc va nghe tieng rt

M so lng van theo tnh toan, khong c m t hn

B. So lng van m ung theo yeu cau

Lu y: So lng tep phun thc te tren ong ruong t hn so lng theo tnh toan

Ap suat ng ong qua thap

GIAI PHAP:

M 8 van sau o ieu chnh

Lng nc bm ln hn so vi lng nc co the xa qua cac tep phun (chu yeu oi vi

may bm xang va Diesel). ieu chnh bang cach giam ga may.

M them van

Giam ga may bm

C. Ap suat qua cao

Ap suat qua cao hoac qua yeu eu co ket qua khong tot. Do vay, can chon may bm
cho phu hp vi he thong cua mnh (1 - 2kW) e khi van hanh he thong de dang va hieu
qua.
Lu y: Trong thc te thng hay ap dung

M tat ca cac van

Sau o khoa tng van 1 cho en khi quan sat thay lng nc phun qua cac tep
phun at theo yeu cau
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1.2 Van hanh he thong ti nh the nao?

Anh nao tep phun phun nc ong eu tren be mat ruong?

So van m ung theo yeu cau

Thi gian van hanh:

Tot nhat la buoi sang sm va chieu toi e han che lng
nc boc hi. Mot so a phng ban ngay va buoi toi
nguon ien yeu th ti ong co vao sang sm la hp ly
nhat neu s dung may bm ien

o tham sau khi ti/lng nc ti: Lng nc ti

cay trong nhan c phu thuoc vao thi gian ti

Khoang cach gia cac lan ti: phu thuoc vao

-

Giong co va tnh trang phat trien cua co

Tia nc qua cac cot phun ro net

ieu kien thi tiet

Khong co tia nc dang sng

Loai at

Khoang cach nay co the c quyet nh bang cach xac

nh o sau tham khi ti va o sau cua bo re co hut nc.

M qua nhieu van cung mot luc - Ap suat qua thap

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Lng nc phan bo khong ong eu

Nc phun ra t cac tep phun tao thanh nhng

vong tron rat t xung quanh cot phun nc

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Xac nh lng nc ti phu hp bang cach ao ho xem o am cua tang at. La phng
phap de ap dung e tranh hien tng ti qua nhieu hoac qua t.

i 2 - 3 gi sau khi ti

ao ho e xac nh o sau cua nc tham trong qua trnh ti (xem trang 47)

Quan sat o tham cua nc

Moi lan kiem tra ao 1 ho

Kiem tra thng xuyen neu can thiet

Khi a co kinh nghiem khong can thiet phai ao ho ma cac ho van xac nh c thi
gian ti phu hp

1.3 Ti qua t va qua nhieu

Ca hai trng hp tren eu anh hng en s sinh trng va phat trien cua co. Co co the
b chet, ac biet la trong thi ky cay con.
TI QUA T: lng nc cung cap khong u cho nhu cau cua cay co
Nguyen nhan?

Thi gian ti qua ngan

Khoang cach 2 lan ti qua dai

M qua nhieu van 1 lan ti

Nguon ien qua yeu nen bm van hanh khong ung cong suat

Cach xac nh?

ao ho xac nh o tham cua nc

at kho

Nc phun ra t cac tep phun tao thanh nhng vong tron rat t xung quanh cot
phun nc

Giai phap?

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Van hanh theo ung quy trnh hng dan va co ieu chnh theo ieu kien thi tiet, loai
at va tnh trang phat trien cua cay

Tang thi gian ti va giam khoang cach gia 2 lan ti

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TI QUA NHIEU: lng nc ti qua nhieu so vi nhu cau cua cay co

Nguyen nhan?

Thi gian ti qua dai

Khoang cach 2 lan ti qua ngan

Ti sau khi co ma to

Cach xac nh?

at thoat nc cham

Mot vai gi sau khi ti, at van con rat t

Tang at t rat sau

Ket luan:

Ti khong u nc cho co se anh hng en qua trnh van chuyen cac chat dinh
dng e nuoi cay, anh hng en nang suat va chat lng co. Hieu qua san xuat
thc an se kem

Ti qua nhieu lam cho dinh dng b ra troi. at bao hoa nc se gay ra ung oi
vi cay, re cay thieu oxy, nhiet o at giam, anh hng en sinh trng va nang suat
cua cay co
Do o, phai ap dung ung theo quy trnh ti ve thi gian, khoang cach gia cac lan ti!

Hau qua?

Cay b ung

Thieu oxy nen re kem phat trien

Nhiet o at thap

Dinh dng b ra troi

Giai phap?

Van hanh theo ung quy trnh hng dan va co ieu chnh theo ieu kien thi tiet, loai
at va tnh trang phat trien cua cay

Giam thi gian ti va tang khoang cach gia 2 lan ti

Khi ranh thoat nc

oi vi at tht nang hoac at thoat nc kem, nen lam ranh thoat nc. ao ranh thoat
nc theo chieu doc cua tha ruong

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2. S dung he thong ti e bon phan

2.1.S dung he thong ti e bon phan
La bien phap hoa phan bon, nc thai hoac nc ra chuong vao trong he thong ti e
ti cho co.

2.2. Nc thai bioga

La san pham cua qua trnh len men yem kh
phan gia suc. Ben canh nguyen to a lng
(N, P, K), con cha rat nhieu nguyen to vi lng
quan trong (Ma gie, Can xi, Kem, Man gan...)
quyet nh cho s sinh trng va phat trien cua
cay trong. Hn na, con rat nhieu cac vat chat
hu c co tac dung cai tao at va la nguon
dinh dng cham tan. Nc thai bioga cha t
nguon benh va hat co dai so vi s dung phan
chuong dang ti.

2.3. Be cha nc thai

Nen cha nc thai bang be be tong co nap che ay nham tranh bay hi am khi tri
nang va cac chat dinh dng tham sau xuong mach nc ngam.
Trang 9 va 10 co hng dan cach lam be cha nc thai.
Neu ong co xa nha va be bioga, co the van chuyen nc thai ra ong ruong bang cac
cach nh sau:

ao xay ranh dan nc thai

Dung ng ong nha van chuyen

Dung thung phuy cha nc thai va van chuyen bang xe cai tien

Hoa nc thai Bioga vi nc cua he thong

ti e ti co. Sau khi len men, cac hp chat
hu c b phan huy thanh cac phan rat nho va
khong lam tac cac tep phun va he thong ti. Nen s dung bo loc e duy tr he thong ti
hoat ong hieu qua hn.
Lu y

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10 ngay trc khi thu hoach, khong nen s dung nc thai e ti, v neu ti co se
co mui phan va bo khong an

Nen ti nc phan cho co vao buoi chieu toi e han che s bay hi cua am va
Amoniac

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