TCXDVN 51-2008

TCXDVN-51:2008
B XY DNG
TCXDVN 51 : 2008
THOT NC - MNG LI V CNG TRNH BN NGOI
TIU CHUN THIT K
Drainage and sewerage - External Networks and Facilities
Design Standard
D THO BO CO CUI CNG

(Cc bn c th s dng bn ny tham kho
trong khi ch bn chnh thc s c pht hnh trong nm 2008)
H NI 1/2008
http://www.nuoc.com.vn
1
Vui lng ghi r nuoc.com.vn khi pht hnh ti liu ny
TCXDVN-51:2008
THOT NC - MNG LI V CNG TRNH BN NGOI

TIU CHUN THIT K
1.
PHM VI P DNG
.
1.1. Tiu chuNn ny c p dng thit k xy dng mi hoc ci to, m rng v

nng cp cc h thng thot nc (mng li thot nc v cng trnh bn ngoi)
ca cc th, khu dn c tp trung v khu cng nghip.
Ghi ch:
Khi thit k cc h thng thot nc cn phi tun theo cc quy chun v tiu chun
lin quan khc c Nh nc ban hnh.
2.
2.1
QUI NNH CHUNG
Khi thit k h thng thot nc phi xem xt cc gii php c bn ca s

thot nc c la chn ph hp vi thit k qui hoch ca cc th, khu
dn c tp trung v khu cng nghip,...
Cc phng n thit k phi ch ti kh nng tn dng nc thi c x
l ti s dng trong sn xut cng nghip, nng nghip, lm nghip v nui
trng thy sn.
2.2
Khi la chn h thng v s thot nc phi nh gi kinh t, k thut, mc

m bo v sinh ca cc cng trnh thot nc hin c v kh nng tip tc
s dng chng.
2.3
Khi thit k thot nc cho cc im dn c, cho php s dng cc kiu h

thng thot nc: chung, ring mt na, ring hon ton hoc h thng hn
hp tu theo a hnh, iu kin kh hu, yu cu v sinh ca cng trnh thot
nc hin c, trn c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut.
2.4
i vi h thng thot nc ma, nu iu kin cho php c th s dng h

thng mng mng h v phi ch x l phn nc ma b nhim bNn.
2.5
H thng thot nc ca cc x nghip cng nghip thng thit k theo kiu

ring hon ton, nhng trong cc trng hp c th c th kt hp thu gom
ton b hoc mt phn nc thi sn xut vi nc thi sinh hot.
2.6
Khi thit k thot nc cho cc c s cng nghip cn xem xt:

- Kh nng thu hi cc cht qu c trong nc thi sn xut.
- Kh nng gim lng nc thi sn xut x ra mi trng bn ngoi bng
cch p dng qu trnh cng ngh hp l, s dng h thng cp nc tun hon
ton b, mt phn hoc ly nc thi ca phn xng ny s dng cho phn
xng khc.
Ghi ch:
Ch cho php s dng nc thi sinh hot c x l v kh trng cp nc
cho sn xut.
2.7
Nc s dng qua qu trnh sn xut nu khng b nhim bNn cn nghin

cu s dng li. Khi khng th s dng li th cho php x vo ngun tip
nhn hoc vo h thng thot nc ma.
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2.8
Vic x nc thi sn xut vo h thng thot nc v cng trnh x l nc

thi th cn phi cn c vo thnh phn cc cht nhim c trong nc thi
sn xut, ch tiu kinh t k thut ca h thng thot nc v yu cu v sinh
khi x nc thi vo ngun tip nhn.
Trong trng hp ny, nc thi sn xut phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Khng nh hng xu ti s hot ng ca ng cng thot nc v cng
trnh x l nc thi.
- C nng cht l lng v cht ni khng qu 500 mg/l.
- Khng cha cc cht c kh nng ph hy vt liu, dnh bm ln thnh ng
hoc lm tc cng thot nc v cc cng trnh khc ca h thng thot nc.
- Khng cha cc cht d chy (du, xng ) v cc cht kh ho tan c th
to thnh hn hp n trong ng ng hoc cng trnh thot nc.
- Khng cha cc cht c c nng nh hng xu ti qu trnh x l sinh
hc hoc ti vic x nc thi vo ngun tip nhn.
Ghi ch:
Nu nc thi sn xut khng m bo cc yu cu ni trn phi x l s b ti ch.
Mc x l s b cn phi c chp nhn ca c quan qun l mi trng v
n v thot nc a phng.
2.9
Khi ni ng cng thot nc thi ca cc c s sn xut vo mng li ca

th th tng c s phi c cng x v ging kim tra ring, t ngoi phm
vi c s.
Ghi ch:
Cho php t cng dn chung nc thi sn xut cc nh my, x nghip sau ging
kim tra ca tng c s.
2.10
Nc thi c cha cc cht c hi v vi trng gy dch bnh trc khi x vo

mng li thot nc ca th hoc khu dn c phi c kh c v kh
trng.
2.11
Khng cho php x nhiu loi nc thi vo cng mt mng li thot nc,
nu nh vic trn cc loi nc thi vi nhau c th to thnh cc cht c, kh
n hoc cc cht khng tan vi s lng ln.
2.12
Khng c x nc thi sn xut c nng cht nhim cao tp trung thnh

tng t. Trng hp khi lng v thnh phn nc thi thay i qu ln
trong ngy cn phi thit k b iu ho.
2.13
Ngoi vic tun th cc qui nh nu trong tiu chuNn ny, s cng ngh v
phng php x l, cc thng s tnh ton cng trnh x l v bn cn nc
thi sn xut cn cn phi da theo cc quy nh, cc tiu chuNn thit k xy
dng cc x nghip cng nghip tng ng, cc ti liu ca c quan nghin cu
khoa hc v kinh nghim qun l cc cng trnh tng t.
2.14 Mc x l nc thi trc khi x vo ngun tip nhn c xc nh
bng tnh ton trn c s m bo cc iu kin v sinh theo quy nh ca cc
tiu chuNn mi trng Vit Nam v c c quan qun l mi trng chp
thun.
2.15
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca c s cng nghip nn b tr trong phm vi

t ai ca c s .
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2.16
Khong cch v sinh t cc cng trnh x l v trm bm nc thi ti ranh

gii xy dng nh cng cng v cc x nghip thc phNm (c xt ti kh
nng pht trin ca cc i tng ) c qui nh nh sau:
- i vi cc cng trnh x l v trm bm nc thi sinh hot ly theo bng
1-1
- i vi cc cng trnh x l v trm bm nc thi sn xut khng nm
trong a gii ca x nghip, nu c bm v x l hoc kt hp bm v x l
cng vi nc thi sinh hot th ly theo tiu chuNn v sinh qui nh khi thit
k cc cng trnh v sinh theo cc tiu chuNn thit k cc x nghip cng
nghip do Nh nc hay cc B ch qun ban hnh, nhng khng thp hn cc
qui nh trong bng 2-1.
Bng 2-1.
Tn cng trnh
1. Cng trnh x l c hc v sinh hc
c sn phi bn
2. Cng trnh x l c hc v sinh hc
c x l bn cn bng thit b c
kh..
3. Bi lc ngm
4. Cnh ng ti
5. H sinh hc
6. Mng xy ha tun hon
7. Trm bm
Khong cch ly v sinh tnh bng m, theo cng

sut tnh ton ca cng trnh, nghn m3/ngy
Di 0,2 T 0,2 n 5 T 5 n 50
>50
150
200
400
500
100
200
150
200
150
15
150
300
200
200
200
20
300
400
300
400
20
400
30
Ghi ch:
1. Khi khng m bo c khong cch ti thiu trn, th phi c cc gii php
cng ngh ph hp m bo c iu kin v sinh v phi c cc cquan qun
l mi trng a phng chp thun .
3. Nu trong a gii ca trm x l nc thi c hc v sinh hc cng sut di
50m3/ngy c bi lc ngm din tch di 0,5 ha th khong cch trn ly bng
100m
4. Khong cch ly v sinh trong bi lc ngm cng sut di 15 m3/ngy ly 15 m
5. Khong cch ly v sinh ca b t hoi 5m, ging thm 8m.
6. Khong cch ly trong bng 1-1 cho php tng ln nhng khng qu 2 ln nu khu
dn c xy dng cui hng gi ch o so vi trm x l, cho php gim i nhng
khng qu 25% nu khu dn c xy dng v tr c hng gi thun li theo quan
im v sinh.
7. Nu lm kh bn cn cha c n nh bng sn phi bn th khong cch v
sinh phi c tnh ton ph hp vi cc tiu chun mi trng v c c quan
qun l mi trng a phng chp thun.
8. i vi cc cng trnh ci to, ty tng trng hp ngoi l c th p dng khc
vi qui nh trong bng ny nhng phi c s chp thun ca c quan qun l mi
trng a phng.
2.17
Khng c x nc ma trong cc trng hp sau:

- Trc tip vo cc khu vc dng lm bi tm.
- Vo cc khu vc trng khng c kh nng t thot nc v d to thnh m
ly.
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- Vo khu vc xi mn, nu thit k khng c bin php gia c b.

2.18
Phi xt ti kh nng a cng trnh vo tng giai on xy dng v trng

hp cn thit vn hnh ton b cng trnh cng nh kh nng pht trin trong
tng lai khi vt qu cng sut tnh ton ca cng trnh.
Ghi ch:
Cho cng trnh vo s dng theo tng giai on xy dng hay vn hnh ton b xut
pht t iu kin m bo mc lm sch nc thi tho mn yu cu ca nguyn
tc v sinh khi x nc thi vo ngun tip nhn.
2.19
Cc gii php k thut c bn c thit k phi da trn c s so snh ch tiu

kinh t k thut ca cc phng n xut. Phng n c chn l phng
n kinh t v m bo kh nng thc hin mt cch thun li.
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3.
TIU CHUN THI NC V TNH TON THU LC MNG LI

THOT NC
Tiu chun thi nc v h s khng iu ho

3.1
Tiu chuNn thi nc th bao gm nc thi sinh hot v dch v xc nh

theo tiu chuNn cp nc tng ng vi tng i tng v tng giai on xy
dng.
3. 2
H s khng iu ho ngy ca nc thi th hoc khu dn c Kng ly bng

1,15 -1,3 tu theo c im ca tng th.
H s khng iu ho chung ly theo bng 3-1, ph thuc lu lng nc thi
trung bnh ngy qtb .
Bng 3-1.
H s khng iu
ho chung K0
K0 max
K0 min
5
2,5
0.38
Lu lng nc thi trung bnh qtb (l/s)

10
20
50
100 300 500 1000
2,1
1,9
1,7
1,6 1,55 1,5 1,47
0.45 0.5 0.55 0.59 0.62 0.66 0.69
5000
1,44
0.71
Ghi ch:
1. Khi lu lng trung bnh nm gia cc s trong bng 3-1 th h s khng iu ho
chung xc nh bng cch ni suy
2. H s khng iu ho K0 ly theo bng 3-1 cho php p dng khi lng nc thi
sn xut khng vt qu 45% tng lu lng nc thi th.
3. Khi lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi nh hn 5 l/s th K0 ly bng 5.
3. 3
S phn b lu lng nc thi ca th v khu dn c theo cc gi trong

ngy xc nh theo biu dng nc. Nu khng c biu dng nc th
s phn b ny c th cn c theo ti liu qun l ca i tng thot nc
tng t .
3. 4
Tiu chuNn v h s khng iu ho nc thi sinh hot t cc x nghip cng

nghip, t cc nh hoc cng trnh cng cng ring r th xc nh theo tiu
chuNn thot nc bn trong nh.
3. 5
Tiu chuNn v h s khng iu ho nc thi sn xut t cc c s cng

nghip phi xc nh theo ti liu cng ngh sn xut .
3. 6
Lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi sn xut t cc c s cng nghip c xc

nh nh sau:
- ng ng thot nc t cc phn xng xc nh theo lu lng gi ln
nht;
- ng ng dn chung ca ton nh my theo th x nc tng gi;
- ng ng dn chung ca mt nhm nh my theo th thi nc tng gi
c xt ti thi gian chy ca nc thi trong ng ng.
Tnh ton lu lng v iu ho dng chy nc ma
3.7
Lu lng tnh ton thot nc ma ca tuyn cng (l/s) c xc nh theo

phng php cng gii hn v tnh theo cng thc:
Q= q.C.F
(3-1)
q - Cng ma tnh ton (l/s.ha )

C - H s dng chy
F - Din tch lu vc m tuyn cng phc v (ha)
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TCXDVN-51:2008
H s dng chy C ph thuc vo loi mt ph v chu k lp li trn ma tnh

ton P, xc nh theo bng 3-4.
3.8
Cng ma xc nh nh sau:
q= A(1+ClgP)/(t+b)n
(3-2)
Trong :
q- Cng ma (l/s.ha)
t - Thi gian dng chy ma (pht)
P- Chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton (nm)
A,C,b,n- Tham s xc nh theo iu kin ma ca a phng, c
th chn theo ph lc II; i vi vng khng c th tham kho vng
ln cn.
S liu ma cn c chui thi gian lu tr t 20 n 25 nm bng my o ma
t ghi, thi gian ma ti a l 150 180 pht.
i vi lu vc c din tch ln hn 300 ha cn phi tnh thm h s ma ro,
theo ph lc II.
Chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton P i vi cng thot nc cp I ph thuc vo
iu kin thot nc lu vc v xc nh theo bng 3-2.
Bng 3-2. .
Tnh cht th
- Thnh ph ln, loi I
- th loi II, III
- Cc th khc
iu kin thot nc
Thun li
Trung bnh
10
5
2
5
2
1
Bt li
2-1
1- 0,5
0,5-0,33
Ghi ch:
i vi cc th hay khu vc th a hnh i ni, khi din tch lu vc thot
nc ln hn 150 ha, dc a hnh ln hn 0,02 nu tuyn cng chnh nm vt
trng ca lu vc th khng phn bit quy m th, gi tr P cn ly ln hn quy
nh trong bng, c th chn P bng 10 - 20 nm da trn s phn tch ri ro tng
hp v mc an ton ca cng trnh.
i vi cc khu cng nghip tp trung, chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton P ph

thuc vo tnh cht khu cng nghip v c xc nh theo bng 3-3.
Bng 3-3.
Tnh cht khu cng nghip
Cng ngh bnh thng
Cng ngh c bit
Gi tr P
5 - 10
10 -20
Khi thit k tuyn thot nc nhng ni c cc cng trnh quan trng (nh
tuyn tu in ngm, nh ga xe la, hm qua ng,) hoc trn nhng tuyn
ng giao thng quan trng m vic ngp nc c th gy ra nhng hu qu
nghim trng th chu k P ly ln hn so vi quy nh trong bng 3-2, c th
gi tr P ly bng 25 nm. i vi khu vc c a hnh bt li c th ly cao
hn (50 hoc 100 nm) da trn s phn tch tng hp ri ro v yu cu an
ton.
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TCXDVN-51:2008
3.9
3.10
i vi thnh ph ln c nhiu trm o ma cn phn tch tng quan ca

lng ma ca cc trm xc nh h s phn b ma theo im v din tch.
Trong trng hp ch c mt trm o ma th lu lng tnh ton cn nhn vi
h s phn b ma ro n. Nu khng c ti liu nghin cu trong nc th c
th s dng biu c thnh lp ca c quan, t chc kh tng th gii nm
1983.
H s dng chy C xc nh bng m hnh tnh ton qu trnh thm. Trong
trng hp khng c iu kin xc nh theo m hnh ton th i lng C, ph
thuc tnh cht mt ph ca lu vc v chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton P,
c chn theo bng 3-4.
Bng 3-4.
Tnh cht b mt thot nc
Mt ng atphan
Mi nh, mt ph btng
Mt c, vn, cng vin (c
chim di 50%)
- dc nh 1-2%
- dc trung bnh 2-7%
- dc ln
Chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton P (nm)

2
5
10
25
50
0,73
0,77
0,81
0,86
0,90
0,75
0,80
0,81
0,88
0,92
0,32
0,37
0,40
0,34
0,40
0,43
0,37
0,43
0,45
0,40
0,46
0,49
0,44
0,49
0,52
Ghi ch:
Khi din tch b mt c nhiu loi mt ph khc nhau th h s C trung bnh xc nh
bng phng php bnh qun theo din tch.
3.11
Thi gian dng chy ma n im tnh ton t (pht), c xc nh theo cng

thc:
Trong :
t = to + t1 + t2
(3-3)
to -Thi gian nc ma chy trn b mt n rnh ng, c th

chn t 5 n 10 pht. Nu trong gii hn tiu khu c t ging thu
nc ma th l thi gian chy n cng ca ng ph (thi
gian tp trung b mt) xc nh theo quy nh iu 3.14. Ring
i vi khu vc m tnh cht th cha r rt th xc nh theo
quy nh iu 3.16.
t1-Thi gian nc chy theo rnh ng n ging thu (khi trong
gii hn tiu khu khng t ging thu nc ma) xc nh theo ch
dn iu 3.12.
t2- Thi gian nc chy trong cng n tit din tnh ton xc nh
theo ch dn iu 3.13.
3.12
Thi gian nc ma chy theo rnh ng t1 (pht) xc nh theo cng thc:

t1 = 0,021
L1
V1
(3-4)
Trong :
L1 - Chiu di rnh ng (m)
V1 - Tc chy cui rnh ng (m/s)
3.13
Thi gian nc ma chy trong cng n tit din tnh ton xc nh theo cng
thc:
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TCXDVN-51:2008
t 2 = 0,017
L2
V2
(3-5)
Trong :
L2 - Chiu di mi on cng tnh ton (m)
V2 - tc chy trong mi on cng tng ng (m/s)
3.14
i vi khu vc th m h thng thot nc ma cha r rt (khng b tr

ging thu, khng c rnh ng) th thi gian tp trung nc ma b mt (t0 +
t1) c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
1,5n 0,6 L0, 6
t = t0 + t1 = 0,3 0,5 0,3
Z i I
Trong :
(pht)
(3-6)
n H s nhm Maning
L - Chiu di dng chy (m)
Z H s mt ph, ly theo bng 3-5
I Cng ma (mm/pht)
i - dc b mt
Bng 3-5
Loi mt ph
- Mi nh mt ng nha
- Mt ng lt
- Mt ng cp phi
- Mt ng ghp
- Mt ng t
- Cng vin, t trng cy ( st)
- Cng vin, t cy xanh ( st)
- Bi c
H s Z
0,24
0,224
0,145
0,125
0,084
0,038
0,020
0,015
Ghi ch:
Khi din tch b mt c nhiu loi mt ph khc nhau th h s Z trung bnh xc nh
bng phng php bnh qun theo din tch.
3.15
Din tch thu nc tnh ton cho mi on cng c th ly bng ton b hay
mt phn din tch thu nc sao cho lu lng tnh ton l lu lng ln nht.
3.16
Vn cy v cng vin khng c mng li thot nc ma th khng xt n

din tch lu vc v h s dng chy. Nhng nu mt t c dc
nghing v pha ng ph ln hn hoc bng 0,008 th di t dc theo
ng c b rng 50 - 100 m phi c tnh vo lu vc thot nc.
3.17
iu ho dng chy nc ma, bao gm c vic lm chm dng chy bng

bin php thm v cha, nhm mc ch gim lu lng nh, lu lng ca
h thng thot nc, gim tc ng tiu cc do nc ma gy ra, gi n nh
nc ngm v to cnh quan mi trng.
Cc cng trnh thm bao gm: cng trnh thm t nhin v cng trnh nhn to.
Cc cng trnh cha bao gm: b cha, h cha, h iu ho v cc khu t
trng trong cc vn cy, bi c, c th cha tm thi trong khi ma.
3.18
Khi thit k h iu ho cn bo m cc yu cu:
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TCXDVN-51:2008
Ca dn nc vo h v x nc ra khi h phi b tr hp l thun tin

trong vic khng ch v iu khin mc nc trong h, ph hp vi din bin
cn ma v bo m cnh quan h th.
Khi vn hnh h iu ha, cn tnh n vic thay nc h m bo cc iu
kin v sinh (trung bnh mi nm 2 ln thay nc)
su lp nc tnh t mc nc ti thiu n y h khng nh hn 1m.
3.19
Xc nh th tch iu ho ca h W (m3) bng biu lu lng nc ma

chy vo v x ra khi h theo mc nc trung bnh v mc nc ln nht.
i vi nhng cng trnh nh, khng yu cu chnh xc cao, khi p dng
phng php cng gii hn c th tnh ton th tch iu ha cng thc
sau:
W = K. Qn.tn
(3-7)
Trong :
Qn - Lu lng tnh ton nc ma chy ti h ( m3/s).
tn - Thi gian ma tnh ton ca ton b cc lu vc thuc tuyn cng ti
ming x vo h (cn c theo bng tnh thu lc mng li thot nc
ma)
K - H s, ph thuc i lng , ly theo bng 3-6.
Bng 3-6.
K
K
K
0,1
0,5
0,4
0,42
0,15
1,1
0,45
0,36
0,7
0,13
0,20
0,85
0,5
0,3
0,75
0,1
0,25
0,69
0,55
0,25
0,8
0,07
0,30
0,58
0,6
0,21
0,85
0,04
0,35
0,5
0,65
0,16
0,9
0,02
Ghi ch:
l t l gia lu lng nc ma c iu tit chy vo tuyn cng sau h Qx v
lu lng nc ma tnh ton chy vo h Qn: =
Qx
.
Qn
Tnh ton thu lc mng li thot nc thi

3.20
Khi tnh ton thu lc mng li thot nc t chy hoc c p, lu lng tnh
ton l lu lng nc thi ln nht.
tnh ton thu lc cng c th s dng cng thc Maning.
Q = 1/n x A x R2/3 x I1/2
(3-8)
Trong :
Q Lu lng tnh ton (m3/s)
I - dc thu lc
R- Bn knh thu lc (m)
A Tit din cng (m2)
n H s nhm Manning
H s nhm n ly theo bng 3-7
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TCXDVN-51:2008
Bng 3-7.
Loi cng v mng
Cng:
- B tng ct thp
- ng gang
- ng thp
- ng nha
Mng:
- Mi c
- Mi xy
- Mi b tng
- Mi b tng v y b tng
3.21
H s nhm Manning (n)

0,013
0,012
0,012
0,011
0,03
0,025
0,022
0,015
Khi tnh ton thu lc ng ng dn bn cn c p lc (dn cn ti, cn

ln men, bn hot tnh) phi xt n ch chuyn ng, tnh cht l hc v
c im bn cn.
Tnh ton thu lc mng li thot nc chung, na ring v tnh ton
ming x hn hp nc ma v nc thi vo ngun tip nhn
3.22
Mng li thot nc chung phi m bo tiu thot c lng nc ma

trong thi gian ma c cng tnh ton. Cc on cng c tng lu lng
nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn sut trn 10 l/s phi kim tra iu kin
thy lc trong ma kh. Tc dng chy nh nht ph thuc y ca cng
hoc mng, ly theo bng 3-8.
Bng 3-8.
y tng ng vi lu lng
ma kh (cm)
Tc nh nht ca
nc thi (m/s)
10 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 60
61 - 100
100 - 150
> 150
0,75
0,8
1,0
1,1
1,2
1,3
1,5
Ghi ch:
Nu cc ngi nh c b t hoi th tc nh nht cho php gim 30%.
3.23
Lu lng tnh ton ca on cng chung trc ming x th nht xc nh bi

tng lu lng trong ma kh Qkh (nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn xut)
v lu lng nc ma.
Lu lng tnh ton Qn ca on ng pha sau ming x xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
Qn = Qkh + n0.Qkh + Qm
(3-9)
Trong :
11
TCXDVN-51:2008
Qkh - Tng lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi ca on cng tnh

ton.
Qkh - Tng lu lng nc thi ca cc lu vc pha trc ming
x.
n0 H s pha long, xc nh theo iu 3.25,
Qm - Lu lng nc ma ca cc lu vc trc tip ca cc on
cng pha sau ming x.
3.24
3.25
Khi kim tra iu kin thu lc mng li thot nc chung trong ma kh

th lu lng nc thi sinh hot v sn xut xc nh tng t nh i vi
mng li thot nc ring hon ton.
B tr ming x hn hp nc ma v nc thi v xc nh h s pha long n0
phi cn c theo iu kin v sinh, ch thu vn, kh nng t lm sch v
tnh cht s dng ca ngun tip nhn. H s pha long n0 thng chn t 1 n
3, ph thuc vo v tr cng x trn mng li thot nc. i vi cc ming x
u lu vc thot nc, n0 chn bng 3; i vi cc ming x cui lu vc n0
chn bng 1.
Khi la chn ngun tip nhn b tr ming x hn hp nc ma v nc
thi, ngoi vic tun theo cc quy nh theo iu 2.17 cn phi tho mn cc
yu cu sau:
- Sng (bao gm c cc sng o ln) phi c dng chy lin tc, c bit vo
ma kh, vn tc ti thiu khng di 0,3m/s. Lu lng dng sng tham gia
pha long (aQ) khng nh hn 5 ln so vi lu lng nc thi.
- H t nhin hay nhn to phi c dung tch v chiu su ln, c dng chy
lin tc v kh nng thay nc h trung bnh 4 - 5 ln trong mt nm.
Ghi ch:
Hin nay trong nhiu d n thot nc th b tr cc ming x nc thi vo cc
ao h nh, nng nm trong thnh ph li khng c iu kin thay nc, c coi l
gii php tm thi, khi c ci to bng h thng cng ring ti cc im x ny
phi b tr ging tch nc thi.
3.26
Lu lng hn hp nc ma v nc thi dn n trm x l v ma ma c

th s b ly bng 2 - 2,5 ln lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi v ma kh.
3.27
Lu lng tnh ton hn hp nc thi qmix (l/s) ca tuyn cng chung trong h
thng thot nc ring mt na xc nh theo cng thc:
qmix = qcit + qlim
(3-10)
Trong : qcit Lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi sinh hot v sn xut c tnh
n h s khng iu ho (l/s).
qlim lu lng nc ma b nhim bNn cn c x l, bng tng lu lng
gii hn ca nc ma qlim a vo trong tuyn cng chung t mi ging tch
nc n on cng tnh ton (l/s).
3.28
Lu lng nc ma b nhim bNn cn x l qlim (l/s) xc nh theo quy nh

ti mc 3.2 ca tiu chuNn ny vi chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton P = 0,5-1,0
nm, iu m bo lng nc ma a x l khng di 70% tng lng
nc ma b nhim bNn.
12
TCXDVN-51:2008
3.29
Cc tuyn cng thot nc thi v nc ma trong h thng thot nc na

ring tnh ton theo tiu chuNn ca cc mng li tng ng trong h thng
ring hon ton.
ng knh nh nht ca cng v y tnh ton trong cng v mng

3.30
ng knh nh nht ca cng thot nc qui nh nh sau:

Bng 3-9.
Loi h thng thot nc
- H thng thot nc sinh hot
- H thng thot nc ma
- H thng thot nc chung
ng knh nh nht D (mm)

Trong tiu khu
ng ph
150
200
200
400
300
400
- ng ni t ging thu nc ma n ng cng c ng knh D=200mm

300mm.
Ghi ch :
1. Cc khu dn c c lu lng nc thi di 500 m3/ngy cho php dng ng D200
mm t ng ph;
2. Trong cc trng hp c bit, ng thot nc thi sn xut cho php c ng
knh di 200 mm;
3. Trong iu kin k thut sn xut cho php, cc ng cng nh nht trong h
thng thot nc sinh hot v thot nc chung nn p dng kiu c tit din hnh
van.
3.31
y tnh ton ln nht ca ng cng ph thuc vo ng knh cng v

ly nh sau:
+ i vi cng D= 200 - 300 mm, y khng qu 0,6 D
+ i vi cng D= 350 - 450 mm, y khng qu 0,7 D
+ i vi cng D=500 - 900 mm, y khng qu 0,75 D
+ i vi cng D trn 900 mm, y khng qu 0,8 D.
Ghi ch :
1- i vi mng c chiu cao H t 0,9m tr ln v tit din ngang c hnh dng
bt k y khng c qu 0,8 H;
2 - Cng thot nc ma v cng thot chung c thit k chy y hon ton
3. i vi tuyn cng u tin l tuyn cng khng tnh ton, y ca cng khng
quy nh.
3.32
Mng thot nc ma xy dng trong phm vi cc nhm nh , chiu su

dng nc khng c vt qu 1m, v b mng phi cao hn mc nc cao
nht t 0,2 m tr ln.
Vn tc tnh ton ca nc thi
3.33
Vn tc dng chy nc thi nh nht ph thuc vo thnh phn v kch thc

ca cc ht l lng trong nc thi, bn knh thu lc hoc y ca cng
hay mng.
- i vi nc thi sinh hot v nc ma, vn tc chy nh nht Vmin ng vi
y tnh ton ln nht ca cng qui nh nh sau:
Cng c ng knh 150 200 mm
Vmin = 0,7 m/s
Vmin = 0,8 m/s
13
TCXDVN-51:2008

Cng c ng knh > 1500 mm
Vmin = 0,9 m/s

Vmin = 1 m/s
Vmin = 1,15 m/s
Vmin = 1,2 m/s
Vmin = 1,3 m/s
- i vi nc thi sn xut, vn tc dng chy nh nht nn ly theo qui nh

ca c quan chuyn ngnh hoc theo cc ti liu nghin cu.
Ghi ch:
1. i vi cc loi nc thi sn xut, c tnh cht ging vi nc thi sinh hot th
vn tc chy nh nht ly theo nc thi sinh hot;
2. i vi nc ma c chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton P nh hn hay bng 0,5
nm, vn tc nh nht l 0,7 m/s.
3. i vi cc loi cng u mng li khng m bo vn tc nh nht nh qui
nh hoc y tnh ton di 0,2 D th nn xy dng cc ging ty ra.
3.34
Vn tc dng chy nh nht trong cng ca nc thi lng hoc x l

sinh hc cho php ly bng 0,4 m/s.
3.35
Vn tc dng chy ln nht ca nc thi trong cng bng kim loi khng qu
8m/s, trong cng phi kim loi khng qu 4 m/s.
i vi nc ma ly tng ng bng 10 v 7 m/s.
3.36
Vn tc dng chy tnh ton ca nc thi trong ng siphon khng c nh

hn 1m/s; tc dng chy ca nc thi trong on cng ni vi ng siphon
khng c ln hn tc chy trong ng siphon.
3.37
Vn tc dng chy nh nht trong ng p lc dn bn (cn ti, cn phn

hu, bn hot tnh,..) c nn ly theo bng 3-10.
Bng 3-10.
Nm ca
bn %
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
3.38
Vn tc chy tnh ton trong ng ng p lc dn bn (m/s)

ph thuc vo ng knh ng dn bn D (mm)
D =150 - 200
D =250 - 400
1,4
1,5
1,3
1,4
1,2
1,3
1,1
1,2
1,0
1,1
0,9
1,0
0,8
0,9
Vn tc ln nht trong mng dn nc ma v nc thi sn xut c php

x vo ngun tip nhn ly theo bng 3-11.
Bng 3-11.
Tn loi t hay kiu gia c
-
Gia c bng cc tm b tng

vi, sa thch
lt c va
Ct nh, ct va, pha st
Ct th, pha st gy
Vn tc chy ln nht (m/s) ng vi

chiu su dng nc H = 0,4-1m.
4
4
3-3,5
0,4
0,8
14
TCXDVN-51:2008
Pha st
St
Lp c y mng
Lp c thnh mng
1,0
1,2
1,0
1,6
Ghi ch: Khi chiu su dng nc H nm ngoi khong gi tr 0,4 - 1m, vn tc

bng trn phi nhn vi h s iu chnh K,
+ Nu H di 0,4 m h sK= 0,85
+ Nu H trn 1 m h s K=1,25.
dc cng, mng v rnh thot nc

3.39 dc nh nht ca cng imin phi chn trn c s m bo vn tc dng chy
nh nht qui nh. i vi tt c cc h thng thot nc, dc nh nht
ng vi y tnh ton qui nh nh sau:
- i vi cng
D=150 mm
imin = 0,008
D=200 mm
imin = 0,005
D=300 mm
imin = 0,0033
D=400mm
imin = 0,0025
Ghi ch:
- Trong mt s trng hp c bit, cho php ly dc imin =0,004 i vi ng
D=200 mm; 0,007 i vi ng D=150 mm;
- dc ng ni t ging thu nc ma n cng thot nc ly bng 0,02.
3.40
dc ca rnh ng, mng thot nc ma ly theo bng 3-12.

Bng 3-12.
Cc hng mc
dc nh nht ca
rnh ng, mng
- Rnh ng mt ph atphan
- Rnh ng mt ph bng dm hay tng
- Rnh ng ri cui, si
3.41
0,003
0,004
0,005
Kch thc nh nht ca ca cc loi mng c tit din hnh thang ly nh

sau:
Chiu rng y ly 0,3m su 0,4m. taluy ly theo bng 3-13.
Bng 3-13.
Loi t lng mng
+ Ct mn
+ Ct nh, va v th
a) Loi ri v c cht trung bnh
b) Cht
+ Pha ct
+ Pha st v st
+ t si v t ln cui
+ t v t chu nc
+ phong ho
+
ta luy
1:3
1:2
1:15
1:1,5
1:1,25
1:1,125
1:0,5
1:0,25
1:0,1
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TCXDVN-51:2008
4.
S V H THNG THOT NC
S v h thng thot nc cho cc khu dn c

4.1
i vi cc im dn c c th la chn cc kiu h thng thot nc c bn

nh quy nh ti iu 2.3 ca tiu chuNn ny. Trong thc t, ph thuc vo
iu kin t nhin, hin trng thot nc v tnh cht th, c th p dng
linh hot cc kiu h thng:
- H thng thot nc chung: ch nn p dng i vi cc th c c mng
li thot nc kiu chung hoc cc th c nhng iu kin t nhin thun
li.
Khi lp quy hoch thot nc cn xem xt kh nng c th ci to cng chung
thnh cng ring hon ton trong tng lai.
- H thngthot nc ring: p dng cho cc khu vc th mi, th m
rng, khu dn c tp trung c mt dn trn 200 ngi/ha.
- H thng thot nc hn hp: p dng cho cc thnh ph ln.
Trong cc khu th c nc ma trn mi nh, trong sn vn, thng
thot chung vi nc thi sinh hot. Vic ci to tch thnh hai h thng
ring bit gp nhiu kh khn. Trong trng hp ny ta c h thng ring
khng hon ton.
-H thng na ring p dng cho cc khu vc th mi, c tiu chuNn mi
trng cao, m bo iu kin v sinh cho cc ngun nc, h cha hay
bi tm.
4.2
i vi cc im dn c nh di 5.000 ngi, ph thuc vo lng ma

hng nm v cc iu kin khc c th p dng kiu ring khng hon ton
hoc cng chung n gin.
Ghi ch:
Cng chung n gin l loi cng hp c y an bng b tng ct thp ch yu
thot nc mt ng. Nc thi sinh hot c x l s b bng b t hoi trong
tng ngi nh.
4. 3
i vi khu vc i ni c th p dng h thng thot nc ring khng hon

ton trong nc ma x trc tip vo ngun tip nhn, nc thi c th vn
chuyn t chy hoc bng p lc.
4. 4
C th p dng m hnh qun l tp trung cho mt hoc mt s im dn c

hoc mt nhm cc ngi nh bit lp hoc phi hp vi nc thi khu vc sn
xut.
4. 5
C th t chc thot nc phn tn khi mt dn c thp (di 200 ngi/ha)

v iu kin v sinh cho php, c bit khng c nguy c gy nhim t,
ngun cp nc.
4. 6
x l nc thi trong trng hp t chc thot nc tp trung c th p

dng cc loi cng trnh:
- X l sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin (cc kiu h sinh hc, bi lc ngm,
bi thm,..).
16
TCXDVN-51:2008
- X l sinh hc trong iu kin nhn to (aeroten thi kh ko di, cc kiu b

lc sinh hc, mng xy ha tun hon).
4. 7
x l nc thi trong trng hp t chc thot nc phn tn c th p

dng cc loi cng trnh:
- B t hoi cc kiu.
- B t hoi cng vi cc cng trnh x l trong t.
- Aeroten thi kh ko di.
- H sinh hc v bi lc trng cy.
Nhng c im thit k mng li thot nc cc c s cng nghip.
4.8
S lng mng li thot nc sn xut trong phm vi c s cng nghip c

xc nh da vo thnh phn, lu lng, nhit , kh nng s dng li nc
thI v s cn thit phi x l s b cc loi nc thi ny.
4.9
Trong phm vi cc c s cng nghip, ph thuc vo thnh phn ca nc thi

c th t ng ng thot nc trong rnh kn, mng h, trong ng hm
(tunnel) hoc trn cu dn.
4.10
Khong cch t thnh ca ng hm (tunnel) n cc cng dn nc thi

cha cc cht n mn, cc cht c d bay hi hoc gy chy n (c t trng
kh v hi nc nh hn 0,8 so vi khng kh) ly khng di 3m. Khong
cch cc ng ng ny n cc tng ngm khng di 6m.
4.11
Cc thit b kho chn, kim tra v u ni trn ng cng dn nc thi c

cha cc cht c, d bay hi, d gy chy n phi m bo kn tuyt i.
4.12
Tu theo vo thnh phn, nng v nhit ca nc thi sn xut c tnh n

mn m s dng cc loi ng (ng snh, s, thu tinh, PVC, composite, thp
lt cao su, gang tNm nha ng,) cho hp l.
Ghi ch:
Cc loi ng lm bng plyetilen, ng gang tm nha ng, ng lt cao su, c s

dng khi nhit nc thi khng qu 60 0 C. Cc loi ng cht do khc phi theo
ch dn p dng ca nh sn xut.
4.13
Xm ming bt ca cng dn nc thi c tnh axt bng si aming tNm bi

tum v chn ngoi bng va xi mng chu axt.
4.14
Phi c bin php bo v cc cng trnh trn mng li thot nc thi c tnh
n mn khi tc hi do hi v nc; v phi m bo khng cho nc thNm lu
vo t.
4.15
Lng mng ca ging thm trn cng dn nc thi c tnh n mn phi lm

bng vt liu chu n mn.
Thang ln xung trong cc ging ny khng c lm bng kim loi d b n
mn.
Ghi ch:
Nu ng knh ng dn nc di 600 mm nn lt lng mng dn bng cc on
ng nha b i hoc cc vt liu chng n mn thch hp khc.
17
TCXDVN-51:2008
4.16
Ging x nc thi cha cc cht d chy, d n ca cc phn xng phi c

tm chn thu lc, cn trn mng li bn ngoi th phi theo tiu chuNn thit
k x nghip cng nghip hoc cc qui nh ca cc c quan chuyn ngnh.
4.17
cc khu vc kho, b cha nhin liu, cc cht d chy, cc cht c, axt v

kim khng c nc thi bNn th nc ma nn dn qua ging phn phi c
van. Trong trng hp bnh thng th x vo h thng thot nc ma, khi
xy ra s c th x vo b cha d phng.
S thot nc b mt b nhim bn ca cc im dn c v khu cng
nghip
4.18
i vi cc khu dn c c h thng thot nc ring nu cha xt n yu cu

x l nc mt b nhim bNn (nc ma t u, nc ra ng, sn, bi,..),
th khi lp quy hoch tng th thot nc phi xem xt n yu cu ny to
kh nng thc hin trong tng lai. Tuy nhin trc mt trong nhng iu kin
thun li khuyn khch p dng cc bin php n gin (thm, cha) gim
bt mc nhim do nc b mt.
4.19
i vi khu vc bi tm, nui trng thu sn c bit (tm, c ging,) mun

x nc ma vo phi c bin php gim nhim, p ng yu cu s dng
nc ca tng i tng.
4.20
i vi khu cng nghip, cn thc hin yu cu kim sot nghim ngt cc

loi nc ma v nc b mt khc. Nc b mt b nhim bNn phi c x
l m bo tiu chuNn v sinh. Nc b mt tuy c coi l khng b nhim
bNn cng cn phi tp trung vo h cha kim sot trc khi x vo ngun
tip nhn.
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TCXDVN-51:2008
5.
MNG LI THOT NC V CC CNG TRNH TRN MNG LI
Nguyn tc vch tuyn v lp t cng

5.1
Khi phn lu vc v vch tuyn mng li thot nc cn ch ti iu kin

t nhin v qui hoch chung ca th, phi tn dng ti mc ti a iu kin
a hnh xy dng cc tuyn cng t chy.
i vi th ci to cn nghin cu s dng li mng li thot nc hin c.
5.2
B tr mng li thot nc trn mt bng tng th cng nh khong cch ti

thiu tnh t mt ngoi cng ti cc cng trnh v h thng k thut khc phi
tun theo Quy chuNn xy dng h thng k thut h tng, ph hp vi quy
hoch tng th th ng thi c xem xt n iu kin c th ca tng tuyn
ng.
Khi b tr tuyn cng thot nc phi nghin cu kh nng s dng c gii
thi cng.
5. 3
Khi b tr mt vi ng cng p lc song song vi nhau khong cch gia

mt ngoi ng phi m bo kh nng thi cng v sa cha khi cn thit.
Khong cch gia cc ng cng B nn ly khng nh hn cc tr s sau, tu
theo vt liu ch to, p lc trong cng v iu kin a cht.
-Khi ng knh cng n 300 mm: B = 0,7 m
-Khi ng knh cng t 400 n 1000 mm: B = 1, 0 m
-Khi ng knh cng trn 1000 mm: B=1,5 m
Ghi ch :
Khi cn thit phi gim khong cch B theo qui nh ny th ng cng phi t
trn nn b tng.
5. 4
Khi b tr ng cng trn cc tuyn ph phi ng thi b tr cc tuyn cng

ph (cng cp 3 hoc cp 4) thc hin vic u ni vo nh.
Khi u ni cc cng trong nh vi cng th phi c ging kim tra. Ging
kim tra l mc gii quy nh phm vi trch nhim bo tr ca n v thot
nc th v h thot nc.
5.5
Trn mng li thot nc thi cn xy cc ming x d phng x nc thi

vo h thng thot nc ma hoc vo ngun tip nhn khi xy ra s c. Vic
xy dng v xc nh v tr t ming x phi c s tho thun ca n v thot
nc v c quan qun l mi trng a phng.
5.6
Trong phm vi khu dn c, ng ng thot nc p lc khng c t ni

hoc treo trn mt t.
Ghi ch:
Nu cng thot nc i qua cc h su, sng, h hoc khi t ng ng thot nc
ngoi phm vi khu dn c, cho php t trn mt t hoc treo trn cu cn.
Gc ngot ca ng, ni ng, su t ng.

5.7
Gc ni gia hai tuyn cng thot nc khng nh hn 900.

Ghi ch:
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TCXDVN-51:2008
Cho php ly tu gc ni nu ni cng qua ging chuyn bc kiu thng ng hoc

ni ging thu nc ma vi ging chuyn bc.
5.8
Nhng ch cng i hng cn xy dng ging thm lng mng ln cong vi

bn knh, khng nh hn bn knh ging. Khi ng knh cng t 1200 mm tr
ln, cho php xy dng cng ln cong vi bn knh khng nh hn 5 ln bn
knh cng v phi c ging thm hai u on cng cong.
5.9
Ni cng c ng knh khc nhau trong ging thm theo ct nh cng, hoc
theo mc nc tnh ton.
5.10
Ni rnh vi cng kn phi qua ging thm c h lng cn v song chn rc.
5.11
su t cng nh nht hmin tnh i vi nh ng qui nh nh sau:

- i vi cc cng c ng knh di 300 mm t khu vc khng c xe c
gii qua li hmin =0,3 m .
- ch c xe c gii qua li, hmin =0,7 m. Trong trng hp c bit khi chiu
su nh hn 0,7 m th phi c bin php bo v cng.
Ghi ch:
su t cng ln nht xc nh theo tnh ton, tu thuc vo vt liu lm cng,
iu kin a k thut v a cht thy vn, phng php thi cng v cc yu t k
thut khc.
ng, gi ng, ph tng v nn t ng

5.12
C th s dng cc loi cng sau y thot nc:

a) Cng t chy: cng b tng ct thp khng p, cng b tng, cng fibr xi
mng sn xut bng phng php ly tm, cng snh v cc loi cu kin b
tng ct thp lp ghp.
b) Cng c p: dng ng b tng ct thp c p, ng fibr xi mng, ng gang,
ng thp khng r v cc loi ng bng cht do.
Ghi ch:
- Tt c cc loi cng ngoi vic phi m bo bn c hc, chng thm, cn
phi m bo nhn b mt pha trong theo tiu chun quc t.
- Khi la chn loi cng thot nc cn tnh n vic dng vt liu a phng
lm cng v cc iu kin thi cng ti ch khc (iu kin a k thut, mc nc
ngm v.v).
- Cho php dng ng gang thot nc t chy v ng thp thot nc p lc
trong cc trng hp sau:
- Khi t cng nhng khu vc kh thi cng, t ln, t trng n hoc snh ly,
khu vc ang khai thc m, c hin tng cast, nhng ch i qua sng h, ng
st hoc ng t, khi giao nhau vi ng ng cp nc sinh hot, khi t cng
trn cu dn hoc nhng ni c th c nhng chn ng c hc.
- Khi t cng trong mi trng xm thc, cn dng cc loi cng khng b xm thc
hoc phi c cc bin php bo v cng khi xm thc.
- ng thp phi c lp chng n mn kim loi mt ngoi. nhng ch c hin
tng n mn in ho phi c bin php bo v c bit.
5.13
Khi s dng ng nha cng cn xem xt bin php bo v ng bng lp bc

bn ngoi.
20
TCXDVN-51:2008
5.14
Kiu nn t cng ph thuc kh nng chu lc ca t v cc ti trng c hc

ln cng. Cng thot nc c th t trc tip trn nn t t nhin c m
k. Trong trng hp t yu phi lm nn nhn to t cng.
Cn da vo iu kin t nhin, trnh thi cng v kh nng s dng vt liu
a phng la chn kiu nn t cng thch hp.
5.15
Trn ng cng thot nc p lc cn thit phi t cc van, van x, mi ni

co gin, trong cc ging thm.
5.16
dc ng cng p lc v pha van x khng c nh hn 0,001.

ng knh ca van x phi m bo tho cn on cng khng qu 3 gi.
Nn x nc vo h thng thot nc ma hoc vo ngun nc mt nu m
bo cc iu kin v sinh. Trng hp khng th x c th phi xy dng
trm bm cc b hoc chuyn nc thi bng t xitec.
5.17
Ti nhng v tr tuyn cng i hng dng chy, nu ng sut khng chuyn

c vo ch ni cng th phi dng gi ta.
Ghi ch:
Trong cc trng hp sau y cho php khng dng gi ta :
- ng p lc kiu ming bt vi p sut lm vic ti 100N/cm2 v gc ngot n 100
- ng c p bng thp hn t di t vi gc ngot n 300 trong mt phng thng
ng.
Mi ni ng
5.18
Cng kiu ming bt ni bng giong cao su v cng hai u trn ni bng ai
b tng ch s dng vi cc tuyn cng c ng knh nh.
5.19
Yu cu i vi mi ni cc ng cng thot nc p lc c da theo tiu

chuNn thit k cp nc.
Ging thm
5.20
Trong mng li thot nc thi, ging thm cn t nhng ch:

+ Ni cc tuyn cng.
+ ng cng chuyn hng, thay i dc hoc thay i ng knh.
+ Trn cc on cng t thng, theo mt khong cch nht nh, ph thuc
vo kch thc cng ly theo bng 5-1.
Bng 5-1.
ng knh ng D (mm)
150-300
400-600
700-1000
Trn 1000
Khong cch gia cc ging thm (m)

20-30
40
60
100
Ghi ch:
i vi cc ng ng knh D400-600 mm nu y di 0,5 D v vn tc tnh
ton bng vn tc nh nht th cc khong cch gia cc ging ly bng 30 m.
5.21
Trong ging thm, mp mng phi nm ngang vi ct nh cng c ng knh

ln nht.
21
TCXDVN-51:2008
Trong cc ging thm c cng ng knh t 700 mm tr ln cho php lm sn

cng tc mt pha ca mng. Sn cch tng i din khng nh hn 100
mm. Trong cc ging thm c cng ng knh t 2000 mm tr ln cho php
t sn cng tc trn dm cng xn; khi kch thc phn h ca mng
khng c nh hn 2000x2000 mm.
5.22
Kch thc trn mt bng ca ging thm quy nh nh sau:

a) Cng c ng knh nh hn hay bng 800 mm, kch thc bn trong ging
thm bng: D = 1000 mm hoc a x b = 1000 x 1000 mm).
b) Cng c ng knh D t 800 mm tr ln, kch thc ging thm l chiu
di bng 1200 mm v chiu ngang D+500 mm).
c) Ming ging c kch thc nh nht l 600x700 mm hoc ng knh 700
mm.
ng knh ca ging trn ly nh sau:
-n 1000 mm i vi ging c cng ng knh 600mm
- n 1250mm i vi ging c cng ng knh 700mm
- n 1500mm i vi ging c cng ng knh t 800 -1000mm
- n 2000mm i vi ging c cng c ng knh t 1200mm tr ln.
Ghi ch:
Ging nh c chiu rng khng qu 700mmm, chiu su khng qu 1,20m.
Ging c lm bng b tng hoc b tng ct thp. Ging ch xy bng gch i vi
cc cng trnh thot nc cc khu dn c hoc th nh.
5.23
Kch thc mt bng ging thm nhng ch ngot phi xc nh theo iu

kin b tr mng cong trong ging.
5.24
Chiu cao phn cng tc ca ging (tnh t sn cng tc ti dn c ging)

thng ly bng 1,8m. Cc ging c su di 1,8m th khng c c ging.
5.25
Trong ging phi c thang phc v cho cng vic bo tr. Thang c th gn
c nh ln thn ging hoc thang di ng.
Khong cch gia cc bc thang l 300mm. Bc thang u tin cch ming
ging 0,5m.
5.26
Trong nhng khu vc xy dng hon thin, np ging t bng ct mt ng.

Trong khu vc trng cy, np ging cao hn mt t 50-70mm, cn trong khu
vc khng xy dng l 200mm. Nu c yu cu c bit (trnh ngp nc
ma) np ging c th t cao hn.
5.27
Ging thm trong h thng thot nc ma c cu to tng t nh i vi

nc thi nhng ring phn y ging cn c h thu cn. Tu theo mc
hon thin ca cc khu vc c thot nc m chiu su h thu cn ly t 0,3
- 0,5 m.
5.28
Phi chng thm cho thnh v y ging. Nu ging xy gch th lp chng

thm phi cao hn mc nc ngm 0,5 m.
5.29
Np ging thm v ging chuyn bc c th lm bng gang hoc b tng ct

thp, chu c ti trng tiu chuNn H30.
Nu dng np b tng ct thp th ming ging phi c cu to thch hp
trnh b st, v do va p ca xe c cng nh khi ng m np.
Kch thc np b tng ct thp phi m bo vic y, m np thun tin.
Ghi ch:
22
TCXDVN-51:2008
Trng hp np ging t trn ng c xe ti trng lng ln th phi tnh ton

thit k ring.
5.30
Khi tuyn cng nm trn lng ng cao tc c mt giao thng ln, cho
php xy dng h thm nm trn h ph v ni vi cng bng ng hm.
Chiu cao ca hm bng chiu cao ca cng ln nht, y hm cao hn y
cng 0,3 m.
Ging kim tra v ging u ni vo cng th
5.31
Ging kim tra (xem iu 5.4) c mt bng hnh trn hoc vung kch thc
400x400mm hoc 600x600mm. Ging ny thng b tr trn h ph t khi m
nn np ging c th lm bng b tng ct thp.
Ging u ni vo cng th c th cu to n gin. Trong trng hp tuyn
ph xy dng theo kiu nh chia l c nhiu cng u ni gn nhau.
Ging ra cng
5.32
Cc on cng u mng li ca h thng thot nc ring hon ton thng

khng m bo tc t ra sch nn b tr cc ging ra cng t ng.
Ging chuyn bc
5.33
Ging chuyn bc c xy dng :

+ Chuyn nc thi, nc ma xung cng c su ln hn.
+ m bo tc chy ca nc trong ng khng vt qu gi tr cho php
hoc trnh thay i t ngt tc dng chy.
+ Khi cn trnh cc cng trnh ngm.
+ Khi x nc theo phng php x ngp.
Ghi ch:
i vi ng c ng knh nh hn 600mm nu chiu cao chuyn bc nh hn 0,3m
cho php thay th ging chuyn bc bng ging thm c p trn dng chy m. .
5.34
Ging chuyn bc vi chiu cao di 3m trn cc ng cng c ng knh

t 600mm tr ln nn xy kiu p trn.
5.35
Ging chuyn bc vi chiu cao di 3m trn cc ng cng c ng knh

di 500mm nn lm kiu c mt ng ng trong ging, tit din khng nh
hn tit din ng dn n.
Pha trn ng ng c phu thu nc, di ng ng l h tiu nng c t bn
kim loi y.
Ghi ch:
i vi cc ng ng c ng knh di 300mm cho php dng ct nh hng
dng chy thay th cho h tiu nng.
5.36
Khi chiu cao chuyn bc ln hn qui nh trong iu 5.34 v 5.35 , cho php
cu to ging theo thit k ring. Cc kiu ging thng p dng cho trng
hp ny l: ging kiu bc thang, p trn xoy,...
Ging thu nc ma
5.37
Ging thu nc ma t rnh ng vi khong cch xc nh theo tnh

ton, ngoi ra cn phi b tr ging thu ch trng, cc ng t ng v trc
gii i b qua ng
23
TCXDVN-51:2008
Khi ng ph rng di 30m v khng c ging thu bn trong tiu khu th

khong cch gia cc ging thu c th ly theo bng 5-2.
Bng 5-2.
dc dc ng ph
Nh hn hoc bng 0,004
T 0,004 n 0,006
T 0,006 n 0,01
T 0,01 n 0,03
Khong cch gia cc ging thu (m)

50
60
70
80
Ghi ch:
1. Qui nh ny khng p dng i vi ging thu kiu h b va (ging thu hm ch).
2. Khi chiu rng ng ph ln hn 30m hoc khi dc ln hn 0,03 th khong
cch gia cc ging thu khng ln hn 60m.
3. i vi cc th c cng ma ln, ng ph c nhiu l cy hoc rc thi
th nn p dng kiu ging thu kt hp (va thu mt ng va thu b va) hoc tng
chiu di ging thu gp i so vi loi ging thu thng thng.
4. i vi nhng khu vc thp (thng l cc ng t ng) ni hi t nhiu dng
nc th s lng ging thu phi tng ln gp i.
5. i vi khu th vng i ni, ng ph thng c dc ln ti cc im t
ging thu cn h thp mt ng khong 0,1m hoc to ra gc ngot tng kh
nng thu nc ca cc ging thu.
5.38
Chiu di ca on ng ni t ging thu n ging thm ca ng cng

khng ln hn 40m.
5.39
Cho php ni cc cng thot nc ma ca ngi nh vo ging thu nc ma
5.40
y ca ging thu nc ma phi c h cha cn chiu su t 0,3 - 0,5m v

ca thu phi c song chn rc. Mt trn song chn rc t thp hn rnh ng
khong 20 - 30mm.
5.41
i vi h thng thot nc chung trong cc khu dn c, ging thu phi c

kho thu lc ngn mi; chiu cao lp nc khng nh hn 0,1m. i vi
cc th vng c lng bc hi hng nm ln nn p dng loi kho thu
lc kt hp trong ging thm (ging ni vi ging thu). Mc d c kho thu
lc nhng trong mi trng hp vn cn ch thng hi cho mng li cng
thot nc.
5.42
Ni mng h vi cng kn bng ging thm c h thu cn, pha ming h

phi t song chn rc c khe h khng qu 50mm; ng knh on ng ni
xc nh bng tnh ton nhng khng nh hn 300mm.
5.43
i vi mng li thot nc ma khi chnh ct cc y cng nh hn

hoc bng 0,5m, ng knh cng di 1500mm v tc khng qu 4m/s th
cho php ni cng bng ging thm. Khi chnh ct ln hn phi c ging
chuyn bc.
ng lun qua sng, sui, knh
5.44
ng knh ng lun qua sng, sui khng nh hn 150mm.
24
TCXDVN-51:2008
S ng lun lm vic bnh thng t nht l hai, ng bng thp c lp ph

chng n mn v c bo m khi cc tc ng c hc. Mi ng ng phi
c kim tra kh nng dn nc theo lu lng tnh ton c xt ti mc dng
cho php.
Nu lu lng nc thi khng m bo tc tnh ton nh nht th ch s
dng mt ng ng lm vic v mt ng ng d phng.
Ngoi hai ng ng lm vic xy dng thm mt ng ng d phng khi
cn x s c.
Khi thit k ng lun qua sng s dng lm ngun cp nc phi xin php c
quan qun l ti nguyn v mi trng hoc c quan v sinh d phng a
phng.
Khi thit k ng lun qua sng c tu thuyn qua li phi theo cc qui nh an
ton ng sng v phi c php ca c quan qun l ng sng.
Ghi ch:
Khi i qua cc khe, thung lng kh cho php t mt ng ng lun.
5.45
Khi thit k ng lun, nn ly:

-nh ng lun nm su, cch y sng ti thiu l 0,5 m.
-Trong on sng c tu thuyn qua li nhiu th chiu su khng c nh
hn 1m.
-Gc nghing ca on ng chch hai b sng khng ln hn 200 so vi
phng ngang.
-Khong cch mp ngoi gia hai ng lun khng nh hn 0,7 - 1,5m, ph
thuc vo p lc nc trong ng.
5.46
Trong cc ging thm t ca vo, ca ra v ging x s c phi lp t phai

chn. B tr ging x s c phi c php ca c quan qun l ti nguyn
nc v mi trng a phng.
5.47
Nu ging thm xy dng cc bi bi ven sng th phi d tnh kh nng

khng cho ging ngp vo ma nc ln.
5.48
i vi h thng thot nc chung th phi kim tra mt ng ng lun

m bo iu kin thot nc trong ma kh theo cc tiu chuNn qui nh.
ng ng qua ng.
5.49
Khi xuyn qua ng st, ng t ti trng ln hoc ng ph chnh th

ng cng thot nc phi t trong ng bc hoc ng hm.
5.50
Trc v sau on cng qua ng phi c ging thm v trong trng hp

c bit phi c thit b kho chn.
5.51
H s thit k cng qua ng phi c s chp thun ca cc c quan lin

quan.
Cng x nc thi, nc ma v ging trn nc ma.
5.52
Cng x nc thi vo sng h phi m bo iu kin pha long tt nc

ngun vi nc thi v khng nh hng n m quan v mi trng khu vc.
Cng x vo sng cn b tr nhng ch c th tng cng chuyn ng ri
ca dng chy (ch co hp, thc ghnh...). Tu theo iu kin x nc thi
25
TCXDVN-51:2008
x l vo sng m p dng kiu x: x ven b hoc x gia lng sng, x tp

trung hoc x khuych tn.
Khi x nc thi x l vo h cha nc, ming x phi nm ngp su
di nc.
5.53
ng dn nc thi x gia lng sng v x ngp su di nc phi bng thp

c lp chng n mn v c t trong rnh. Ming x gia lng sng, x ven
b v x ngp nc u phi c gia c bng b tng.
Cu to ming x phi xt ti cc yu t tu thuyn i li, mc nc sng, nh
hng ca sng, iu kin a cht, s thay i lng sng,...
5.54
Cng x nc ma c th p dng cc kiu:

1. Khi khng gia c b - kiu mng h.
2. Khi gia c b - kiu ming x ng kn.
Ghi ch :
ngn nga hin tng nc chy ngc t ngun tip nhn vo h thng cng
(trong cc trng hp mc nc trong ngun tip nhn cao hn mc nc trong
cng), ti cc ming x cn phi lp t van ca chng chy ngc.
5.55
Ging trn nc ma ca h thng thot nc chung phi c p trn ngn

nc thi. Kch thc v cu to p trn ph thuc vo lu lng nc x vo
ngun, cc mc nc trong cng v ngun tip nhn. Ging trn nc ma
phi c ngn lng ct v song chn rc.
5.56
V tr ming x nc thi hoc nc ma v cu to ca n cn phi c s

chp thun ca cc c quan qun l ti nguyn v mi trng v c quan qun
l ng sng a phng .
Thot kh cho mng li thot nc.
5.57
Vic thot kh cho mng li thot nc thi c thc hin thng qua ng
ng trong nh hoc khe h trn cc ging thm.
5.58
Cc thit b thot kh c bit c b tr cc ca vo ng lun qua sng,

trong cc ging thm ( nhng ch tc dng chy h thp trong cc cng c
ng knh ln hn 400mm) v trong cc ging chuyn bc khi cao chuyn
bc trn 1m v lu lng nc thi trn 50 l/s.
5.59
Trong nhng trng hp c bit cho php thit k h thng thot kh cng
bc.
5.60
Trong trng hp thot kh t nhin cho mng li thot nc bn ngoi dn

cc loi nc thi c cha cht c hi v cht d gy chy n th ti mi im
u ni cng trong nh vo cng bn ngoi phi b tr cc ng ng thot kh
c ng knh khng nh hn 200mm.
26
TCXDVN-51:2008
6.
TRM BM V TRM CP KH.
Yu cu chung
6.1
Theo mc tin cy, trm bm nc thi v trm cp kh c phn bit thnh

ba loi, nu trong bng 6.1.
Bng 6-1.
Phn loi theo tin cy
Loi I
Loi II
Loi III
c tnh lm vic ca trm bm

Khng cho php ngng hay gim lu lng
Cho php ngng bm nc thi khng qu 6 gi
Cho php ngng bm nc thi khng qu 1 ngy
Ghi ch:
Vic ngng bm nc thi quy nh cho trm bm loi II v loi III c xt n iu

kin cng ngh sn xut hay l ngng cp nc khng qu 1 ngy cho cc khu dn
c di 5.000 ngi.
6.2
Khi thit k trm bm nc thi sn xut l nc nng, nc c cha cc cht

d chy n, cc cht c hi th ngoi vic tun th theo quy nh ca tiu
chuNn ny cn phi tun theo cc tiu chuNn ca cc ngnh cng nghip tng
ng.
Trm bm nc thi
6.3
La chn my bm, thit b v ng ng dn nc thi c la chn ph

thuc vo lu lng tnh ton, chiu cao ct nc cn bm, tnh cht ho l
ca nc thi v cn lng, c tnh n cc c tnh ca my bm v ng
ng cng nh vic a cng trnh vo s dng theo tng t. S lng my
bm d phng xc nh theo bng 5.2.
Bng 6-2.
Nc thi sinh hot hoc nc thi sn xut c
Nc thi c tnh n mn
tnh cht gn vi nc thi sinh hot
S my bm
S my bm S my bm d phng theo
Lm vic
D phng p dng
lm vic
tin cy ca trm bm
cho tt c cc loi
trm bm
Loi I
Loi II
Loi III
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
2-3
2
3 v nhiu
2
2
1 v 1
4
3
hn
trong kho
5 v nhiu
Khng nh hn 50%
hn
Ghi ch:
1. Trong trm bm nc ma khng c my bm d phng, tr trng hp khi gp
s c m nc ma khng th x c.
2. Khi ci to nhm tng cng sut trm bm i vi trm bm loi III bm nc
thi sinh hot, nc thi sn xut c tnh cht gn vi nc thi sinh hot th cho
php khng c bm d phng nhng phi c bm sn trong kho.
27
TCXDVN-51:2008
6.4
Trm bm nc thi sinh hot v nc mt b nhim phi c xy dng

thnh cng trnh ring bit.
Trm bm nc thi sn xut cho php xy dng hp khi trong nh sn xut
hay trong nh ph tr sn xut. Trong gian my ca trm bm cho php t cc
loi bm bm cc loi nc thi khc nhau, tr trng hp i vi nc
thi nng, nc thi c cha cc cht d chy n v cc cht c hi.
Cho php t my bm bm nc thi sinh hot trong nh ph tr ca trm
x l nc thi.
6.5
Trn tuyn ng dn nc thi vo trm bm phi c van chn v c th ng

trn mt t ng m c.
6.6
S lng ng ng p lc i vi trm bm loi I khng nh hn 2 v phi

m bo khi c s c mt ng ng ngng lm vic th ng dn cn li phi
m bo ti 100% lu lng tnh ton; khi phi xt n vic s dng my
bm d phng.
i vi trm bm loi II v loi III cho php ch c mt ng ng p lc.
6.7
My bm nc thi nn b tr t mi nc. Trng hp my bm b tr

cao hn mc nc trong ngn thu th phi c bin php mi nc cho n.
Ct trc my bm bn cn lun t thp hn mc bn trong ngn cha bn.
6.8
Mi my bm cn c mt ng ht ring.
6.9
Vn tc nc thi hay bn cn trong ng ht v ng Ny phi m bo

khng gy lng cn. i vi nc thi sinh hot th vn tc nh nht ly theo
quy nh ti iu 3.33.
6.10
Trong cc trm bm bn cn cn phi c bin php ra ng ht v ng Ny.

Trong trng hp c bit cho php ra cc ng ny bng bin php c hc.
6.11
bo v my bm khi b tc nghn th trong ngn thu nc thi cn lp t

song chn rc th cng, song chn rc c gii hoc song chn rc kt hp
nghin rc.
Khi khi lng rc di 0,1 m3/ngy cho php s dng song chn rc th cng.
B rng ca khe h song chn rc ly nh hn 10 - 20mm so vi ng knh
ca vo ca my bm.
Khi s dng song chn rc c gii hoc song chn rc kt hp nghin rc, s
lng thit b d phng c ly theo bng 6-3 .
Bng 6-3.
Loi song chn rc
1. Song chn rc c gii c khe h
- trn 20 mm
- 16 - 20 mm
2. Song chn rc kt hp nghin rc
- t trn ng dn
- t trn knh mng
3. Song chn rc th cng
S lng
Lm vic
D phng
1 n 3
trn 3
1
2
1 n 3
1 n 3
trn 3
1 (th cng)
1
2
28
TCXDVN-51:2008
6.12
Vn tc nc thi ng vi lu lng ln nht qua khe h ca song chn rc c

gii l 0,8 - 1 m/s, qua song chn rc kt hp nghin rc l 1,2 m/s.
6.13
Nu trong trm bm s dng song chn rc c gii th phi c my nghin rc.

Rc sau khi nghin nh c x vo trc song chn rc. Nu khi lng rc
trn 1,0 T/ngy cn c my nghin rc d phng.
6.14
Khi lng rc ly t song chn rc c th tnh s b theo bng 6-4.

Bng 6-4.
Chiu rng khe h ca song
chn rc (mm)
16 - 20
25 - 35
40 - 60
60 - 80
90 - 100
S lng rc ly ra t song chn rc tnh cho

mt ngi (l/nm)
8
3
2,3
1,6
1,2
Khi lng ring ca rc ly khong750 kg/m3, h s khng iu ho gi ca

rc a ti trm bm s s b ly bng 2.
6.15
Quanh song chn rc c gii hoc my nghin rc phi c li i li, chiu rng
khng nh hn 1,2 m, cn pha trc song chn rc th chiu rng li i
khng nh hn 1,5 m. i vi song chn rc th cng chiu rng ly bng 0,7
m.
6.16
Khi xc nh kch thc mt bng ca gian my, chiu rng ti thiu ca li i

gia cc b phn li nht ca my bm, ng dn v ng c ly nh sau:
a) Gia cc t my - nu ng c in c in p nh hn 1000 V th chiu
rng nh nht 1m.
Nu ng c c in p trn 1000 V th chiu rng 1,2m.
b) Gia t my v tng trm bm:
-Trong trm bm kiu ging ly bng 0,7m.
-Trong cc trm bm kiu khc ly bng 1m.
c) Trc cc bng in - 2m
d) Gia phn li cc b phn c nh ca thit b: 0,7m.
Trong cc trm bm phi c sn lp my, kch thc ca sn phi m bo
chiu rng ca li i xung quanh thit b khng nh hn 0,7m, k c khi a
thit b nng cNu ti v tr lp.
Ghi ch:
1. Trong cc trm bm t su s dng ng c in p di 1000 V v ng knh
ng ht di 200mm, cho php t cc my bm cch tng gian my nh nht l
0,25m, nhng chiu rng li i gia cc t my phi theo ng qui nh ni trn.
2. Cho php t 2 my bm c ng c in cng sut ti 125 KW in p di
1000 V trn cng mt b mng khng cn li i gia 2 my nhng phi bo m
li i xung quanh ca my c chiu rng khng nh hn 0,7m.
6.17
Chiu cao phn trn mt t ca gian my (tnh t sn lp my ti mt di

ca dm mi) ph thuc vo cc thit b nng chuyn, chiu cao ca my bm,
chiu di ca dy cp (t 0,5 - 1m), khong cch t sn lp ti t my bm
(khng ln hn 0,5m), kch thc ca thit b nng chuyn (tnh t mc ti mt
di ca dm mi).
29
TCXDVN-51:2008
6.18
qun l cc ph tng v thit b, trm bm cn c trang b thit b nng

chuyn:
- Nu trng lng thit b di 1 tn th dng palng treo c nh hoc dm cNu
treo iu khin bng tay.
- Nu trng lng thit b di 5 tn dng dm cNu treo iu khin bng tay.
- Nu trng lng thit b trn 5 tn dng cn trc iu khin bng in.
Ghi ch :
Khi cu thit b vi chiu cao t 6m tr ln hoc chiu di gian my trn 18m cn

dng thit b nng chuyn chy in.
6.19
Sn gian my phi c h thu nc r r v phi c my bm hoc bin php

thu nc r r ring.
dc ca sn v pha h thu nc r r ly 0,01 - 0,02.
6.20
Th tch ca ngn thu trm bm xc nh theo lu lng nc thi, cng sut

v ch lm vic ca my bm nhng khng c nh hn ca mt my
bm cng sut ln nht lm vic trong 5 pht.
Ngn thu ca cc trm bm cng sut ln hn 100.000 m3/ngy cn chia ra hai
ngn nhng khng c lm tng th tch chung.
Th tch ngn thu ca trm bm cn ti, cn ln men hoc bn hot tnh
xc nh theo khi lng ca bn cn x ra t cc b lng, b mtan, bn hot
tnh tun hon v bn hot tnh d.
Th tch nh nht ca ngn thu ca trm bm bn dng bm bn cn lng ra
ngoi phm vi trm x l xc nh bng cng sut ca mt my bm lm vic
trong 15 pht. Nu bn cn t cc cng trnh x l a ti ngn cha khng
lin tc trong thi gian my bm hot ng th th tch ngn cha cho php
gim bt.
Ngn cha ca trm bm bn cho php s dng lm thit b nh lng
hoc cha nc khi thau ra ng ng dn bn.
6.21
Trong ngn cha bn phi c thit b sc bn v ra b. dc ca y b v

pha h thu nc khng c nh hn 0,1.
6.22
Ngn thu ca trm bm nc thi c th chia thnh nhiu phn ring bit
tch cc loi nc thi khc nhau nu nh chng cn x l ring hoc khi xo
trn vi nhau to thnh cc loi kh c hoc lng cn.
6.23
Khong cch t mt ngoi ca ngn thu cc loi nc thi sn xut c cha cc

cht d chy n v cht c hi ti cc cng trnh khc c qui nh nh sau:
- n nh ca trm bm khng nh hn 10m.
- n cc nh xng khc khng nh hn 20m.
- n cc nh cng cng khng nh hn 100m.
6.24
Kt cu ngn thu nc thi c cha cc cht n mn hoc cc cht c hi phi

bo m khng cc cht ny ngm vo t; i vi loi nc thi c cht n
mn phi c cc bin php chng n mn.
6.25
Gian my ca trm bm nc thi c tnh n mn cn c cc bin php chng

n mn cho cc kt cu xy dng (sn, mng v.v... ).
6.26
Trong cc trm bm nc thi c tnh n mn, c cc cht d chy, n hoc

cc cht c d bay hi nn t ng ng v ph tng trn mt sn v phi
30
TCXDVN-51:2008
thun tin kim tra v sa cha khi cn thit, s lng van nn dng mc t
nht.
Ghi ch :
Khi t ng ng trong rnh cn c bin php thng gi cho rnh hoc lp rnh
bng ct .
6.27
Pha trc trm bm nc thi trong h thng thot nc chung hoc h thng
na ring cn phi c b lng ct.
6.28
Trong trm bm cn c khu vc ph tr sinh hot (thit b v sinh, tm thay

qun o). Din tch nh ph tr ph thuc vo cng sut trm bm, quy nh
trong bng 6-5.
Bng 6-5.
Cng sut
(m3/ngy)
Din tch ph tr (m2)
trm bm
n 5.000
T 5.000 n 15.000
T 15.000 n 100.000
Trn 100.000
Khu phc v
Xng
Kho
8
12
20
10
15
25
6
6
10
Ghi ch:
1. Khu ph tr trong cc trm bm t trong cc nh my, x nghip v cng trnh x
l c th khng cn thit nu c nhng cng trnh tng t trong ngi nh gn .
Khi khong cch trn 50m th cn c thit b v sinh b tr trong trm bm.
2. Trong cc trm bm khng c ngi phc v thng xuyn th khng cn c phng
ph tr.
Trm cp kh
6.29
Trm cp kh lm sc kh v cung cp xy cho nc thi phi c b tr

gn ni s dng v gn thit b phn phi in nm trong phm vi trm x l
nc thi. Trong cc nh ca trm cp kh cho php t cc thit b lc khng
kh, cc my bm bm nc k thut v x cn b aerten, my bm bn
hot tnh, cc thit b iu khin tp trung, cc thit b phn phi, my bin p,
cc phng sinh hot v cc thit b ph tr khc.
6.30
Khi thit k trm cp kh phi xt ti kh nng tng cng sut thit k bng
cch t cc my cp kh b sung hoc thay th bng cc my c cng sut ln
hn.
6.31
Trm cp kh phi c cp in lin tc.
6.32
Cng sut, loi my v s lng my cp kh phi la chn da trn tnh ton

cng ngh ca cc cng trnh c cp kh, c ch ti cc c im cu to
ca cc cng trnh ny.
6.33
Khi cng sut ca trm cp kh trn 5000 m3/h t nht phi c 2 my lm vic,
khi cng sut nh hn th cho php lp t 1 my lm vic. S my d phng
quy nh nh sau:
- Khi 3 my lm vic - 1 my d phng.
- Khi 4 my lm vic tr ln - 2 my d phng.
31
TCXDVN-51:2008
6.34
Trong trng hp cn thit c th cp du tp trung cho cc my cp kh
6.35
Cn phi cp nc lm mt lin tc cho cc trc ca cc cm my v cc b

phn lm ngui du ca my cp kh. Cht lng v nhit ca nc lm mt
phi m bo theo ng yu cu ca hng sn xut my cp kh.
6.36
Gian my phi tch ring vi cc phng khc v c ca trc tip thng ra bn

ngoi.
6.37
Khi b tr cc thit b trong gian my cn m bo cc iu kin sau y:

a) Li i gia cc t my v tng nh:
- T pha my cp kh khng nh hn 1,5m.
- T pha ng c in: tho rto.
b) Li i gia cc phn li ca cc t my khng t hn 1,5m.
6.38
qun l cc ph tng v thit b, trm cp kh phi c thit b nng chuyn

theo qui nh iu 6.18.
6.39
Thit b trao i khng kh phi c thit k theo qui nh v thng gi,

cp nhit v iu ho khng kh hoc theo s ch dn ca c quan t vn
chuyn ngnh.
Khng kh phi c lc sch trong b lc kn. B tr cc b lc kh phi m
bo kh nng tho g tng chic thay th v phc hi.
Khi c 3 b lc kh lm vic th cn mt b lc d phng, nu ln hn ba th
cn 2 b d phng.
Ghi ch:
1. Nu phn phi khng kh trong aeroten bng cc ng khoan l th cho php dng
khng kh khng cn lc sch.
2. Khi cng sut ca trm cp kh trn 20 nghn m3/h th mi t my phi c bung
thu v lc kh ring bit.
6.40
Vn tc chuyn ng ca khng kh qui nh:

- Trong cc bung lc
- di 4 m/s
- Trong cc mng dn
- di 6 m/s
- Trong cc ng dn
- t (10 - 25) m/s n 40 m/s
6.41
Khi tnh ton ng dn nn ch ti hin tng tng nhit ln khi khng kh

b nn v m bo chnh p nh nht gia cc ngn ca cng trnh c cp
kh.
Ghi ch:
Tr s tnh ton tn tht p lc trong cc thit b phn phi kh c xt ti sc cn tng
theo thi gian s dng.
6.42
Nu dng ng thp thnh mng, hn in, lm ng dn khng kh c p, cn c

bin php chng n v cch nhit cho ng khi t trong nh.
32
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.
CC CNG TRNH X L NC THI
Cc qui nh chung
7.1
Phng php v mc x l nc thi ph thuc vo lu lng v thnh

phn, tnh cht nc thi, c im ngun tip nhn v cc yu cu v sinh khi
x nc thi vo ngun v cc iu kin c th ca a phng,. Nc thi
khi x vo ngun phi p ng quy nh ca cc tiu chuNn mi trng hin
hnh.
Phi c gng tn dng iu kin t nhin sn c nh ao, h, bi t trng cy
v.v... x l nc thi. Ch khi cc phng php x l bng iu kin t
nhin khng cho php hay khng th p dng, mi xy dng cc cng trnh x
l nc thi nhn to. Phi c gng tn dng nc thi x l cho sn xut
nng nghip hoc cho cc mc ch kinh t khc.
Bn cn ca nc thi phi c x l trc khi s dng lm phn bn hoc
cho cc mc ch khc.
Ghi ch:
Mc x l nc thi sinh hot ti a nn gii hn theo hiu qu x l m cc cng
trnh x l sinh hc hon ton trong iu kin nhn to c th m bo c (BOD5
ca nc sau x l thp nht l 8-10mg/l ).
7.2
Hn hp nc thi sinh hot v sn xut khi a ti trm x l sinh hc lun

phi bo m cc yu cu sau:
- pH khng nh hn 6,5 v khng ln hn 8,5
- Nhit khng di 100C v khng trn 400C
- Tng hm lng ca cc mui ho tan (TDS) khng qu 15g/l
BOD5 khi a vo b lc sinh hc hoc aeroten Ny khng qu 500mg/l; Khi
a aerten kiu phn phi nc phn tn khng qu 1000mg/l.
- Nng cc cht hu c khng vt qu qui nh ghi trong bng 7-1 v cc
cht c hi khng vt qu quy nh nu trong bng 7-2. Nc thi khng
cha m khng ho tan, nha v du mazut.
- Khng cha cc cht hot ng b mt khng th oxy ho c trong cc
cng trnh x l.
- Hm lng cc cht dinh dng khng c thp hn qui nh trong bng 73.
33
TCXDVN-51:2008
Bng 6-1.
Cc cht
1 - Anilin
2 - Axetandehyt
3 - Axeton
4 Axit Benzonic
5 - Butanol
6 Glixrin
7 - Caprolactam
8 Andehit Crotonic
9 - Metanof
10 - Propanol
11 - Toluen
12 - Axit axtic
13 - Phenol
14 - Etanol
15 - Dietyl hecxanol
BOD5
(mg/mg
ca cc
cht
phi
xt)
COD
(mg/mg
ca cc
cht phi
xt)
1,9
1,07
1,68
1,61
1,8
0,86
1,8
1,6
1,05
1,68
1,1
0,86
1,18
1,45
1,55
2,4
1,88
2,17
1,97
2,58
1,23
2,12
2,5
1,5
2,4
1,87
1,06
2,38
2,08
2,55
Nng
Nng cho
gii
php(mg/l),
hn cho
Tc xy ho trong nc thi
php
th (x l
trung bnh khi
i vi
sinh hc hon
x l trong
nc
aerten trn (mg ton trong cc
thi x
aerten vi
BOD5/ g cht
l trong
kh bn hot
liu lng bn
cac
tnh / gi)
1,8g/l, thi
aerten
gian thi kh 7
trn
gi)
(mg/l)
100
9
6
750
12
20
600
28
40
150
14
15
600
15
10
1150
30
90
300
22
25
400
3,5
6
950
23
30
600
18
12
200
8
15
200
26
45
1000
14
15
700
19
14
400
100
6
Ghi ch:
1. Tc xy ho trung bnh ca hn hp gm nhiu cht phi xc nh bng thc
nghim. Khi khng xc nh c bng thc nghim th mi c tnh theo gi tr
trung bnh cng ca tc xy ho i vi tng cht (tnh theo t l ca khi lng v
BOD5 ca cc cht) trong thi gian thi kh.
2. Khi ni cng thot nc ca cc x nghip cng nghip vo h thng thot nc
th th nng tnh ton ca cc cht l nng trong dng chy chung.
34
TCXDVN-51:2008
Bng 6-2.
Tn gi cc cht
Nng cho php ca ring tng

cht trong nc thi khi a ti
cc cng trnh x l sinh hc
hon ton (mg/l)
1 - Du v sn phNm du m
(1)
25
Mc loi tr cc
cht bNn trong qu
trnh x l hon
ton (%)
85 - 90
2 - Cc cht hot tnh b mt

tng hp (2)
20
-Cht d oxy ho anion
80
50
-Cht d oxy ho khng in
90
20
-Cht trung gian anion
60
20
-Cht trung gian khng in
75
25
3 - Formalhit
80
1
4 - Sunfit
99,5
0,5
5 - ng
80
0,5
6 - Kali
50
0,1
7 - Cadmi
60
2,5
8 - Crm ho tr 3
20
1
9 - Km
70
25
10 - Thuc nhum lu ho
90
25
11 - Thuc nhum tng hp
70
0,1
12 - Asen (3)
50
1,5
13 - Xianua
0,005
14 - Thu ngn
0,1
15 - Ch
50
1
16 - Cban
20
Ghi ch:
(1) Sn phm du m l cc cht t vn cc hoc khng vn cc, tan trong dung dch
hecxen.
(2) Nu trong nc thi c cc hp cht hot tnh b mt anion v khng ln, nng
chung ca cc hp cht ny khng vt qu 20 mg/l.
(3) Khng k Feroxianua.
Bng 7-3.
Hn hp nc thi sinh hot v sn xut
Hm lng nh nht phi c ca cc cht

dinh dng
Tng nit (mg/l) Tng pht pho (mg/l)
BOD5 Tnh cho mi 100 mg/l

5
1
(i vi cng trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh)
COD Tnh cho mi 350 mg/l
5
1
(i vi cng trnh x l sinh hc ym kh)
Ghi ch:
1. Nng cho php ca cc cht trong bng 7-2 v 7-3 khi cn thit phi ly gim
i m bo nng gii hn cho php ca cc cht c trong nc sng, h sau
khi x nc thi c x l, trong trng hp ny phi xt n hiu qu x l v
mc pha long ca sng, h.
2. Khi cn gim BOD5 ca nc thi a vo cng trnh x l sinh hc th nn dng
nc thi lm sch pha long.
3. Khi x nc thi sn xut vo mng li thot nc th, t l COD: BOD5
khng c vt qu 1,5.
35
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.3
Nu cc qui nh nu trong iu 7.2 khng c tho mn th nc thi sn

xut trc khi x vo h thng thot nc ca khu dn c, phi c x l s
b.
7.4
Cc yu cu i vi nc thi sn xut cn x l sinh hc trong cc cng trnh

x l ring ca c s cng nghip hay trong hn hp vi nc thi sn xut vi
nc thi sinh hot c chnh l theo ti liu thc nghim hoc ti liu ca cc
c s cng nghip tng t.
7.5
Khi lng nc thi sinh hot ca th hoc khu dn c a v trm x l

c xc nh theo tiu chuNn cp nc v ph thuc vo loi h thng thot
nc. i vi h thng thot nc ring, cng sut trm x l nc thi sinh
hot th bng 0,7 1,0 ln lng nc cp sinh hot; i vi h thng thot
nc na ring bng 1,0 n 1,3 ln v i vi h thng thot nc chung l
1,5 n 2,0 ln.
Khi lng nc thi sinh hot v ch a nc ti trm x l phi xt ti
bao ph ca h thng thot nc, s pht trin tng lai ca cc khu dn c
tng ng vi tiu chuNn thi nc, h s khng iu ho chung v biu
thi nc trong ngy.
7.6
Cng sut ca trm x l nc thi ca khu cng nghip tp trung c xc

nh da vo lng nc thi ca tng nh my a v trm. Trong trng hp
khng c s liu ny th cng sut ca trm x l nc thi Q(m3/ngy) c
xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
Q= qxF
(7-1)
Trong :
q-Tiu chuNn nc thi (m3/ha. ngy), ph thuc vo loi hnh sn xut
trong khu cng nghip; i vi loi hnh sn xut t nc thi, q s b
ly bng 15-25 m3/ha.ngy; i vi loi hnh sn xut c lng nc
thi trung bnh q ly bng 30 n 40 m3/ha.ngy v i vi loi hnh
sn xut nhiu nc thi q ly bng 50 n 70 m3/ha.ngy.
F- Din tch khu cng nghip m h thng thot nc thi phc v, ha.
7.7
Khi thit k cng trnh lm sch cho cc th xy dng mi th tu theo mc

tin nghi v cc iu kin a phng, lng cht bNn tnh cho mt ngi
dn xc nh nng cht bNn ca nc thi sinh hot c th xc nh s b
theo bng 7-4.
S lng v ch thi nc, thnh phn v nng cht bNn trong nc thi
sn xut c xc nh theo ti liu cng ngh.
Bng 7-4.
Cc i lng
Cht rn l lng
BOD5 ca nc thi lng
BOD5 ca nc cha lng
Nit ca cc mui amni (N NH4)
Pht pht ( P2 O5 )
Clorua (Cl-)
Cht hot ng b mt
Khi lng (g/ngi. ngy)

60 -65
30 -35
65
8
3,3
10
2- 2,5
36
TCXDVN-51:2008
Ghi ch:
Khi x nc thi sinh hot ca cc x nghip cng nghip vo mng li thot nc
ca khu dn c th khng cn tnh b sung cc cht bn cha trong cc loi nc .
7.8
Lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi cn xc nh theo biu tng hp lu

lng cho c trng hp dng trm bm hay t chy.
7.9
Tnh ton cc cng trnh x l sinh hc tin hnh theo tng khi lng cht
bNn hu c biu th bng BOD5.
7.10
C th x l c hc chung hoc tch x l c hc ring r i vi nc thi

sinh hot v nc thi sn xut a i x l sinh hc chung. Nn p dng x l
c hc ring r i vi loi nc thi sn xut c cha cc cht d gy chy n,
cng nh khi cn x l nc thi sn xut bng phng php ho hc hoc l
hc.
Ghi ch:
Bt buc phi lm sch c hc ring r trong trng hp phng php x l cn
lng ca cc loi nc thi khc nhau.
7.11
La chn cc loi cng trnh x l nc thi ph thuc vo c im v lu

lng nc thi a ti trm x l, mc x l cn thit, phng php s
dng bn cn v cc iu kin c th khc ca a phng.
7.12
La chn v tr v din tch khu t xy dng trm x l nc thi phi tun

theo cc thit k qui hoch v xy dng ca i tng cn c thot nc, c
ch n cc gii php cng trnh th bn ngoi (ng st, ng t, cp
nc, hi nhit, in,...). V tr trm x l trm x l nc thi phi p ng
quy nh ca iu 2.16 ca tiu chuNn ny hoc cc iu quy nh lin quan
nu trong TCVN 7222:2002- Yu cu chung v mi trng i vi cc trm
x l nc thi sinh hot tp trung.
7. 13
Khu t xy dng trm x l thng b tr cui hng gi ch o ca ma

h so vi khu vc xy dng nh v pha di im dn c theo chiu dng
chy ca sng.
Khu t xy dng phi c dc m bo nc thi t chy c qua cc
cng trnh v thot nc ma thun li, khu t xy dng trm phi b tr
ni khng ngp lt v c mc nc ngm thp.
Ghi ch:
Cho php b tr trm x l u hng gi nhng khong cch ly v sinh phi ly
tng ln theo qui nh iu 2.16.
7.14
Quy hoch trm x l nc thi phi bo m s dng hp l khu t cho giai

on d tnh cng nh cho giai on pht trin tng lai. B tr cc cng trnh
phi m bo:
- Kh nng xy dng theo tng t.
- Kh nng m rng cng sut khi lu lng nc thi tng.
- Chiu di cc ng ng k thut phi ngn nht (mng dn, ng dn v.v...).
- Thun tin cho qun l v sa cha.
7.15
Khi thit k trm x l nc thi cn xt n kh nng hp khi cng trnh

cng nh hn ch mi hi lan truyn ra mi trng xung quanh.
7.16
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi cn b tr ngoi tri, ch trong trng hp c

bit v c l do xc ng mi c lm mi che.
37
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.17
Trong trm x l nc thi cn c cc thit b sau y:

a) Thit b phn phi u nc thi n cc cng trnh n v.
b) Thit b cho cng trnh tm ngng hot ng, tho cn v thau ra cng
trnh, ng ng dn khi cn thit.
c) Thit b x nc khi xy ra s c trc v sau cc cng trnh x l c
hc v phi c li i li d dng ti cc thit b ng m.
d) Thit b o lu lng nc thi, bn cn lng, bn hot tnh tun hon v
bn hot tnh d, khng kh, hi nc, nng lng v.v...
e) Thit b ly mu t ng v dng c t ghi cc thng s cht lng nc
thi, v bn cn lng.
7.18
Mng dn trong trm x l nc thi phi tnh theo lu lng ln nht trong 1
giy nhn vi h s 1,4.
7.19
Ngoi cc cng trnh cng ngh chnh, tu theo cng sut ca trm v iu
kin a phng cn xy dng cc cng trnh ph tr v phc v (tham kho
ph lc IV).
7.20
Khu vc trm x l nc thi phi c hng ro bo v, phi c hon thin v

chiu sng. Tu theo iu kin a phng c th c bin php chng xi l b
ta luy do ma. Trong trng hp cn thit tu theo mc yu cu ca k thut an
ton m c hng ro cho tng cng trnh ring bit.
Song chn rc
7.21
Trong thnh phn cc cng trnh x l nc thi phi c song chn rc, chiu
rng khe h ca song chn rc bng 15 - 20mm.
7.22
S lng v kch thc song chn rc, tc nc chy qua khe h, lng rc
ly ra t song chn, khong cch gia cc thit b v.v... theo qui nh iu
6.14 v 6.15.
7.23
Khi khi lng rc ln trn 0,1 m3/ngy nn c gii ho khu ly rc v nghin

rc. Nu lng rc nh hn 0,1 m3/ngy th s dng song chn rc th cng.
7.24
Rc c nghin nh cho php vo trc song chn rc hoc a v b

mtan.
7.25
Ct sn ca nh t song chn rc phi cao hn mc nc cao nht trong

mng dn t nht 0,5m.
7.26
Tn tht p lc qua song chn rc xc nh theo cng thc i vi song chn

rc cn sch ri tng ln vi h s 3.
7.27
c th thay th khi cn thit, trc v sau song chn rc phi c ca phai v

phi c thit b x cn nc cho mng dn.
Ghi ch:
- Nu dng song chn rc th cng th ch cn lm sn cc khe phai s dng khi
cn thit.
- Rc vt ln c cha trong thng c np y v chuyn ch n ni x l cht thi
rn ..
- Rc hu c nghin cng a vo x l cng vi bn cn bn hu c ca trm x l
nc thi.
7.28
lp rp v sa cha song chn rc my nghin rc v cc thit b khc cn

c cc thit b nng chuyn theo qui nh iu 6.18.
38
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.29
Trong nh t song chn rc nn kt hp b tr my bm ct ca b lng ct.

B lng ct
7.30
i vi cc trm x l nc thi cng sut trn 100 m3/ngy cn c b lng

ct. La chn loi b lng ct cn da vo cng sut trm, s cng ngh x
l nc thi v bn cn.
7.31
S b hoc s n nguyn lm vic ng thi ca b lng ct khng nh hn 2,

khi co ct bng my th phi c b d phng.
7.32
Tnh ton b lng ct ngang v b lng ct c thi kh theo cc cng thc:

1. Din tch tit din t W (m2):
W=
Q
V n
(7-2)
Trong :
Q - Lu lng ln nht ca nc thi (m3/s)

n - S b hoc s n nguyn
V - Vn tc ca nc trong b (m/s)
2. Chiu di cng tc ca b L (m):

L=
K 1000 H n
.V
U0
(7-3)
Trong :
U0 v U - ln thu lc ca ht (mm/s), xc nh bng tc lng
do ca ht ct trng thi tnh v trng thi ng trong b theo

bng
7-5.
K- H s t l U0 : U chn theo bng 7-6.
Hn - Chiu cao tnh ton ca b lng ct. i vi b lng ct thi kh
chn bng na chiu cao tng cng ca b.
V - Vn tc chuyn ng ca nc thi trong b, mm/s, c chn
theo
bng 7-7.
Bng 7-5..
ng knh ht ct
(mm)
ln thu lc U0
(mm/s)
0,1
0,12
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
0,40
0,50
5,12
7,27
11,2
17,1
24,2
29,7
35,1
40,7
51,6
Bng 7-6.
ng knh nh
nht ca ht ct cn
gi li, (mm)
ln thu lc
ca ht, U0
(mm/s)
Gi tr K tu thuc loi b lng ct v t l B:H

ca b lng ct thi kh
B lng ct
ngang
0,15
0,20
0,25
13,2
18,7
24,2
1,7
1,3
B lng ct thi kh
B:H=1
B:H =
B:H = 1,5
1,25
2,62
2,5
2,39
2,43
2,25
2,08
-
39
TCXDVN-51:2008
Bng 7-7.
Loi b
lng ct
Ngang
Thi kh
Tip
tuyn
ln
thu lc
ca ht ct
U0 (mm/s
)
18,7-24,2
13,2-18,7
18,7-24,2
Vn tc nc
(mm/s) khi lu
lng
Min
Max
Chiu su Lng ct
H (m)
gi li
(l/ng.ng)
0,15
-
0,5 - 2
0,7 - 3,5
0,5
0,3
0,08-0,12
-
0,02
0,03
0,02
Nm
ca ct
(%)
T l ct
trong cn
(%)
60
60
55 - 60
90 - 95
70 - 75
Chn kch thc ti thiu ca ht cn gi li trong b tu thuc loi cng trnh

x l sau n. i vi cc b lng m cn c x l b mtan hoc b lng
hai v, kch thc ht ct ti thiu phi gi li l 0,2 - 0,25 mm.
to tc u trong b, li vo b phi xy dng theo kiu knh m rng,
li ra theo kiu thu hp v chiu di tng ng .
7.33
Khi thit k b lng ct cn theo cc qui nh sau:

a) B lng ct ngang
- Vn tc dng chy trong b khi lu lng ln nht l 0,3 m/s; khi lu
lng
nh nht l 0,15 m/s
- ln thu lc ca ct gi li trong b U 0 ly bng 18 n 24 mm/s
- Thi gian lng ct khng nh hn 30 s khi lu lng ln nht
- Chiu su tnh ton H n bng 0,25 n 1m
b) B lng ct c thi kh
- ln thu lc ca ht ct U 0 ly 18mm/s,
- Cng thi kh 3 - 5 m3/m2 gi,
- dc ngang ca y b (v pha mng thu) 0,2 - 04
- Ca a nc vo b phi trng vi chiu quay ca nc trong b v ca
a
nc ra phi t ngp.
- Tng chiu su ca b H ly 0,2 - 3,5 m,
- Dn phn phi kh lm bng ng c l, ng knh l 3,5 mm t
su 0,7H,
- Tc chy khi lu lng ln nht V bng 0,08 - 0,12 m/s,
- T l gia chiu rng v chiu su ca b B : H ly 1: 1,5.
c. i vi b lng ct kiu tip tuyn:
- Chn ti trng b mt q bng 110 m3/m2.h ng vi lu lng ln nht ca
nc thi,
- Dn nc vo theo kiu tip tuyn,
- Chiu su bng na ng knh,
- ng knh b khng qu 6 m.
Bng 7-8 l cc s liu kch thc nh hnh ca b lng ct ngang nc
chuyn ng vng.
40
TCXDVN-51:2008
Bng 7-8.
7.34
Lu lng tnh ton

ca 1 b ( l/s)
ng knh
(m)
25 - 200
300
4
6
Chiu rng
mng lng
(m)
0,6 - 0,9
1,6
Tng chiu
cao mng
lng (m)
0,44 - 0,78
1,75
Tng chiu
di mng lng
(m)
9
13,8
Lng ct gi li trong b lng ct ph thuc iu kin v sinh mi trng

khu vc th, tnh trng lm vic ca mng li thot nc v hiu qu hot
ng ca b lng ct.
Khi thiu cc s liu thc nghim th c th tnh ton s b lng ct gi li
theo cc ch tiu sau y:
- i vi h thng thot nc ring hon ton, lng ct gi li l 0,02
l/ngi/ngy;
- i vi h thng thot nc chung, l 0,04 l/ngi/ngy;
- Nm ca ct 60%, khi lng ring khong 1,5 T/m3.
Ct x ra khi b lng c th bng:
- Phng php th cng khi lng ct ti 0,1 m3/ngy;
- Phng php c gii, phng php nng thy lc hay bm v sau vn
chuyn bng chuyn khi lng ct trn 0,1 m3/ngy.
Lu lng nc k thut qh (l/s) khi x ct bng thit b nng thy lc c
xc nh theo cng thc:
Trong :
qh = vh lscbsc
(7-4)
-vh -Vn tc hng ln ca dng nc ra trong mng, chn bng

0,0065 m/s;
-lsc - Chiu di y b lng ct, khng k phn h tp trung ct;
bsc - Chiu rng ca y di ca b lng ct, chn bng 0,5 m.
S b c th ly lng nc k thut bng 20 ln lng ct ly ra khi b
7.35
Th tch h tp trung ct khng ln hn th tch ct lng c trong 2 ngy,

gc nghing ca y thu ct khng nh hn 600 so vi phng nm ngang.
7.36
n nh vn tc dng chy trong b lng ct ngang, pha cui b cn

c p trn nh rng khng.Tnh ton p trn theo cng thc sau:
- chnh ct gia y b lng ct v ngng trn (m)
P=
hmax K q2 / 3 hmin
K q2 / 3 1
(7-5)
Trong :
Kq - T s ca lu lng ln nht v nh nht (K= qmax:q min );
hmax,v hmin - Chiu su nc trong b ng vi qmaxv q min v vn
tc
chy V = 0,3 m/s.
-Chiu rng p trn b0 (m)
41
TCXDVN-51:2008
b0 =
q max
(7-6)
m 2 g ( p + hmax ) 3 / 2
Trong :
m - H s lu lng ca p trn ph thuc vo iu kin co hp
dng
chy, ly bng 0,35 - 0,8
7.37
lm kh ct t b lng ct, cn c sn phi ct hay h cha ct. Xung quanh

sn phi ct phi c b p cao 1 - 2 m. Kch thc sn phi ct c xc nh
vi iu kin l: tng chiu cao lp ct h chn bng 3 - 5 m3/m2.nm. Ct kh
thng xuyn c chuyn i ni khc. Nc tch t ct c a v u trm
x l Nc thi.
B iu ho
7.38
B iu ha dng iu ho lu lng v nng cht bNn trong nc thi

sn xut v nc thi th. Th tch b xc nh theo biu lu lng v
biu dao ng nng cht bNn trong nc thi.
Ghi ch:
Nu khng c biu thi nc th cho php xc nh th tch b theo lu lng
nc thi ca mt ca sn xut.
7.39
Khi t b iu ho trc b lng th phi c thit b chng lng cn trong b.

Chn b iu ha (khuy trn bng khng kh nn, bng thit b khuy trn c
kh hay b nhiu hnh lang) da trn c s c im dao ng nng cc
cht bNn (theo chu k, hn lon hay x nc tp trung) cng nh c im v
nng cc cht l lng.
7.40
Trong cc b vi khuy trn bng khng kh nn hay bng c kh, nu nc

thi c cha cc cht c hi d bay hi th phi c bin php che y kn v
phi c bin php thng hi.
7.41
S dng b iu ha khuy trn bng khng kh nn iu ha nng nc

thi khi nng cht l lng di 500 mg/l vi ln thy lc 10 mm/s .
- Th tch b iu ha khi x tp trung nc thi c tnh ton theo cc cng
thc sau:
Wdh =
1,3qW t Z
K yc
ln
K yc 1
Wh = 1,3 qW .ttt
Trong :
khi Kyc di 5
(7-7)
khi Kyc bng v trn 5
(7-8)
qW - Lu lng nc thi, m3/h

ttt - Thi gian x vi lu lng nc thi tp trung , h
Kyc - H s iu ha yu cu v bng :
K yc =
C max CTB
CTB C max
(7-9)
Trong :
42
TCXDVN-51:2008
Cmax - Nng ln nht ca cht bNn khi x tp trung, mg/l

CTB - Nng trung bnh ca cht bNn trong nc thi, mg/l
Ccp - Nng cho php ca cht bNn sau khi iu ha, ph thuc vo
iu kin hot ng ca cng trnh pha sau, mg/l.
7.42
Th tch b iu ha Wh (m3), khi nng dao ng theo chu k, c xc

nh theo cng thc:
khi Kyc < 5
(7Wh = 0,21 qt. tck K yc - 1
10)
Wh = 1,3 qt. tck Kyc
khi Kyc >= 5
(7-11)
Trong :
tck Chu k dao ng nng , h.
Kyc - H s iu ha yu cu, xc nh theo cng thc (7-9)
Khi nng dao ng bt k, th tch b s tnh theo phng php tim cn
gn ng.
7.43
Vic phn phi nc thi theo b mt b iu ha sc kh phi m bo ng

u. C th dng ng phn phi c l hay mng trn tit din ch V, ch U
phn phi. Vn tc dng nc trong mng khng di 0,4 m/s.
7.44
H thng sc kh ca b iu ha nh sau :
- Thit b sc kh : l cc ng c l khoan ng knh l d = 5mm cch nhau 3
- 6 cm, nm mt di ng. ng phi t tuyt i theo phng ngang, dc
theo tng dc ca b trn cc gi cao 6 - 10 cm so vi y.
- Nu t thit b sc kh ch mt pha v st thnh b th khong cch t thit
b ti thnh b i din ly bng 1 n 1,5 H.
- ng knh ca thit b sc kh ly bng 50 mm nu cng sc kh nh
hn 8m3/h cho 1m di v bng 75mm nu cng sc kh ln hn.
7.45
B iu ha khuy trn c kh c s dng iu ha vi hm lng cht l

lng trn 500 mg/l vi ch nc vo b bt k. Th tch b iu ha khuy
trn c kh cng c tnh ton tng t nh b iu ha sc kh.
7.46
Dung tch b iu ha kiu nhiu hnh lang khi x nc thi tp trung c

xc nh theo cng thc :
Wdh =
Trong :
qt t tt K yc
(7-12)
qt - lu lng nc thi (m3/h),

ttt - khong thi gian x nc thi tp trung, (h),
Kyc - h s iu ha yu cu.
7.47
Cu to b iu ha lu lng tng t nh b lng t mt hay b cha thng

thng v phi c h tp trung cn v thit b x cn. C th dng my bm
bm nc thi sang cng trnh x l nc thi tip theo vo cc gi c lu
lng min. Tnh ton th tch b iu ha lu lng tng t nh b cha hay
i nc trong h thng cp nc.
7.48
Chn gi tr ca cc h s khng iu ha sau khi iu ha Kh , th tch b

iu ha Wh xc nh theo cc mi quan h sau y :
43
TCXDVN-51:2008
yh = Kh / Kh0
( 7-13)
h = Wh/ qTB
( 7-14)
Trong :
Khy0 - H s khng iu ha ca nc thi chy vo b,
qTB - Lu lng gi trung bnh ca nc thi,
S ph thuc gia yh v h c xc nh theo bng 7-9.
Bng 7-9.
1
0
yh
h
7.49
0,95
0,24
0,9
0,5
0,85
0,9
0,8
1,5
0,75
2,15
0,67
3,3
0,65
4,4
Khi cn iu ha c lu lng v nng nc thi th th tch b iu ha

lu lng v nng cht bNn c tnh ton theo tng bc mt.
S gia ca th tch nc W, m3 v nng C, g/m3, sau mt bc tnh ton
c xc nh theo cng thc:
W = (qvo qra) t
C = [ (Cvo Cra )t]/Wh
( 7-15)
(7-16)
Trong :
ton.
qvo, C vo, Cra- Lu lng, nng cht bNn trong nc thi thi
im
sau mt bc tnh ton.
Wh -Th tch nc trong b iu ha tng ng vi thi im tnh
B lng
7.50
7.51
La chn loi b lng phi da theo cng sut, tnh cht nc thi, cc iu
kin t nhin v cc iu kin c th khc ca a phng.
Ni chung c th s b la chn kiu b lng theo cng sut ca trm x l
nc thi nh sau:
B lng ng: Di 20.000m3/ngy
B lng ngang: trn 15.000m3/ngy
B lng ly tm: trn 20.000m3/ngy
B lng 2 v v cc loi b lng kt hp ln men bn cn thng p
dng cho trm x l nc thi cng sut nh hoc trung bnh, di
10.000 m3/ngy.
S b lng khng t hn 2 v tt c cc b phi lm vic ng thi.
7.52
Tnh ton cc b lng (tr b lng t hai sau cc cng trnh x l sinh hc)
da trn c s nghin cu ng hc lng ca cc cn ht l lng c tnh ti
hiu qu lng cn thit.
Khi x nc thi sau b lng vo sng, h th hm lng cn l lng cn li
trong nc thi phi m bo cc iu kin v sinh khi x nc thi vo
ngun tip nhn" theo cc tiu chuNn mi trng lin quan.
7.53
Tnh ton b lng theo cc cng thc sau:
44
TCXDVN-51:2008
a) Kch thc b:
Chiu di b lng ngang l (m)
l=
V .H
K .U 0
(7-17)
Bn knh b lng ng, b lng ly tm R (m)

R=
Q
3,6K .U 0
(7-18)
Trong :
Q - Lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi (m3/h);
H - Chiu su tnh ton ca vng lng (k t mt trn ca lp trung
ho ti mt thong ca b) ( m), theo ch dn iu 7.58;
V - Vn tc tnh ton trung bnh trong vng lng, trong b lng ly tm l
tc ti tit din im gia tnh t tm ra bin bn knh (mm/s). i
vi b lng ngang v b lng ly tm V ly 5 - 10 mm/s;
K - H s ph thuc loi b lng v cu to ca thit b phn phi v thu
nc, qui nh nh sau:
- 0,5 i vi cc b lng ngang,
- 0,45 i vi cc b lng ly tm,
- 0,35 i vi b lng ng,
U0 - ln thu lc ca ht cn (mm/s)
b) ln thu lc U0 (mm/s) xc nh theo cc ng cong ng hc lng
hoc theo cng thc sau y:
U0 =
1000.K .H
KH
.t
(7-19)
Trong :
- H s k ti nh hng ca nhit ca nc i vi nht ly
theo bng 7-10
- Thnh phn thng ng ca tc ca nc thi trong b ly theo
bng 7-11 .
t - Thi gian lng (s) ca nc thi trong bnh th nghim hnh tr vi
chiu su lp nc h, t hiu qu lng bng hiu qu lng tnh ton; khi
thiu s liu thc nghim th t ly theo bng 7-12 ( i vi mt s loi ht
nht nh);
n- H s kt t, ph thuc vo tnh cht l lng ca cc loi ht ch yu,
xc nh bng thc nghim ph thuc vo tnh cht ca cn trong nc
thi. Khi thiu s liu thc nghim c th ly s b nh sau:
- n ly 0,25 i vi ht l lng c kh nng kt t trong nc thi sinh
hot,
- n ly 0,4 i vi cc ht khong rn c khi lng ring 2 - 3 g/ cm3;
- n ly 0,5 cho cc ht cn nng c khi lng ring 5 - 6 g/ cm3.
n
KH
khi tnh ton cc b lng t mt i vi nc thi sinh hot c th
h
Tr s
ly theo bng 7-13 .

45
TCXDVN-51:2008
Bng 7-10 .
Nhit trung bnh tnh theo
thng thp nht tnh bng C
H s
60
50
40
30
25
20
15
10
0,45
0,55
0,66
0,8
0,9
1,44
1,3
Bng 7-11
V (mm/s)
10
15
20
(mm/s)
0,05
0,1
0,5
Bng 7-12
Hiu Thi gian lng trong hnh tr c chiu su h = 500mm (s)
n = 0,25
n = 0,4
qu
lng
Nng (mg/l)
E (%) 100
200
300
500
500
1000 2000 3000
20
600
300
150
140
100
40
30
900
540
300
180
180
1200
120
50
40
1320
650
450
390
200
180
150
60
50
1900
900
640
450
240
200
180
80
60
3800 1200
970
680
280
240
200
100
70
3600 2600 1830
360
280
230
130
80
5260 1920
690
570
370
90
2230 1470 1080
100
3600 1850
n = 0,6
200
75
120
180
390
3000
-
300
60
90
120
180
580
-
400
45
80
75
130
380
-
Ghi ch:
1. Thi gian lng ng vi nhit 200C
2. i vi cc gi tr trung gian ca hm lng cn v hiu qu lng so vi cc gi tr
trong bng, thi gian lng xc nh bng phng php ni suy.
3. ng hc lng ca cc cht l lng trong nc thi v h s kt t phi xc nh trong
iu kin lng tnh trong bnh th nghim hnh tr c ng knh khng nh hn 120
mm.
Bng 7-13
n
Chiu cao cng tc

b lng H
1,0
1,5
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
KH
Tr s
cho b lng cc kiu
h
B lng ng
B lng ly tm
B lng ngang
1,08
1,1
1,11
1,16
1,19
1,21
1,29
1,32
1,29
1,35
1,41
1,46
1,5
46
TCXDVN-51:2008
- Sau khi xc nh L v R th kim tra tc thc t Vth(mm/s) trong phn

lng.
- i vi b lng ngang:
Vth =
Q
3,6 HB
(7-20)
Trong :
B Chiu rng b lng ly trong khong 2 5 H.
- i vi b lng ly tm (ti tit din gia bn knh)
Vth =
Q
3,6RH
(7-21)
Trng hp tr s ca Vth v V khc nhau cn iu chnh li gi tr ca L v R.

7.54
Khi lng cn lng x ra khi b xc nh ph thuc vo hiu qu lng tnh

ton.
Nm cn lng ca nc thi sinh hot khong 95% i vi tt c cc loi b
lng t mt khi x cn bng t chy; khong 93,5 94% khi x cn bng bm
pistng Nm cn lng ca nc thi sn xut ly theo ti liu thc nghim.
7.55
B lng t hai sau b lc sinh hc c tnh ton theo ti trng thy lc b mt

q0 (m3/m2/h) nh sau:
qo = 3,6 KSuo
(7-22)
Trong :
ton
uo - ln thy lc ca mng sinh hc. khi x l sinh hc hon
uo = 1,4mm/s;
KS - H s s dng dung tch, chn theo iu 7.56.
Khi xc nh th tch cc b lng phi tnh n lu lng bn tun hon.
7.56
Tt c cc loi b lng t hai sau aeroten u tnh theo ti trng thy lc q0

(m3/m2.h), c tnh ti nng bn hot tnh trong b aeroten a (g/l), ch s bn
I (cm3/g) v nng bn phn nc trong at, (mg/l) theo cng thc:
q0 =
4,5 K s H 0,8
(0,1Ia) 0,50, 01at
(7-23)
Trong ,:
KS - H s s dng dung tch ca vng lng, chn bng 0,4 i vi
b lng li tm, 0,35 i vi b lng ng, 0,45 i vi b lng ng
vi x nc t chu vi, 0,4 i vi b lng ngang;
a- Nng bn hot tnh trong b aeroten chn khng qu 15 g/l
at-Nng bn hot tnh phn nc trong chn khng di 10
mg/l.
47
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.57
Thi gian lng v vn tc dng chy ln nht tnh ton b lng t hai ly
theo bng 7-14.
Bng 7-14
Cng dng ca b
Cc b lng ln II
a) Sau b lc sinh hc nh git
b) Sau blc sinh hc cao ti
c) Sau Aeroten lm sch khng hon ton
- Khi gim BOD n 20%
- Khi gim BOD n 80%
d) Sau Aeroten lm sch hon ton
Cc s liu tnh ton b lng t hai

Thi gian lng (h)
Vn tc dng chy
khi lu lng ln nht
ln nht (mm/s)
Loi b lng
Lng ngang, ly
Lng ngang,
Lng
tm, ng
ly tm
ng
0,73
1,5
5
5
0,5
0,5
0,75
1
2
7
5
5
0,7
0,5
0,5
Ghi ch:
Ni chung s liu tnh ton b lng t hai sau cc Aeroten phi trn c s thc
nghim, ph thuc ch lm vic ca Aeroten.
7.58
Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi sau b lng t hai i vi nc thi

sinh hot ly theo bng 7-15, i vi nc thi sn xut ly theo s liu thc
nghim.
Bng 7-15.
Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi sinh hot t b lng t hai (mg/l)
Thi gian
khi BOD ca nc thi c lm sch (mg/l) bng
lng (h)
15
20
25
50
75
100
0,75
21
27
33
66
86
100
1
18
24
29
58
80
93
1,5
15
20
25
51
70
83
2
12
16
21
45
63
75
7.59
x bn cn nc thi sinh hot khi b lng t mt c th dng bm

pistng hoc bng p lc thu tnh khng nh hn 1,5 m ct nc. i vi b
lng t hai p lc thu tnh khng nh hn 1,2 m i vi cc b lng sau b
lc sinh hc nh git hoc cao ti; khng nh hn 0,9m i vi cc b lng
sau Aeroten.
i vi b lng t mt v b lng t hai sau b lc sinh hc, th tch ngn
cha bn cn nn ly bng khi lng bn cn lng khng qu hai ngy, i
vi b lng t hai sau Aeroten khng qu 2 gi.
Khi x bn cn bng c gii, th tch ngn cha bn ca cc b lng ln I nn
ly bng khi lng cn lng trong 8 gi. ng knh ng dn bn ra khi b
lng t mt v t hai xc nh theo tnh ton nhng khng nh hn 200 mm.
Chiu cao thnh b lng tnh t mc nc tr ln bng 0,3m.
Kt cu b lng t mt phi c b phn thu v tch cht ni.
48
TCXDVN-51:2008
Mng trn thu nc lng trong cc b lng c th lm theo dng phng

hoc dng rng ca; ti trng thu lc ca mng khng c qu 10 l/s.m.
7.60
Khi thit k b lng cn tun th cc quy nh sau y:

a) B lng ngang:
+ Chiu su tnh ton ca vng lng H ly 1,5 3m, ph thuc vo cng sut
ca cc cng trnh x l nc thi, trong mt s trng hp c th ly n 4m.
+ T l gia chiu di v chiu su ca b ly 8 12, trong mt s trng hp
c th ly 8 20 (i vi nc thi sn xut).
+ Nc thi vo v ra khi b phi phn phi theo chiu rng b.
+ Gc nghing ca thnh h thu cn khng nh hn 500.
+ Phi c thit b x cn b.
+ dc ca y b khng nh hn 0,005.
+ Chiu cao lp nc trung ho cao hn y b 0,3m ( cui b).
+ Chiu cao lp bn ca b lng ln II ly 0,2 0,5m.
b) B lng ly tm.
+ Chiu su vng lng H ly 1,5 5m. T l gia ng knh b v chiu su
vng lng ly 6 12 trong mt s trng hp c th ly t 6 30 ( i vi
nc thi xut).
+ ng knh b khng nh hn 1 m.
+ Chiu cao lp nc trung ho 0,3 m.
+ Chiu su lp bn trong b lng t hai ly 0,3 0,5m.
i vi cc b lng t hai c my ht bn dc y b 0,01 0,03, nhng
khi c thit b co bn th dc y b l 0,01.
c) B lng ng:
+ ng knh b D ly = 4 9m
+ Chiu su tnh ton ca vng lng H ly 2,7 - 3,8 m; i vi b lng t hai,
H khng c nh hn 1,5m.
+ ng trung tm c chiu di bng chiu cao tnh ton ca vng lng, c ming
phu v tm ht c nh pha di.
+ ng knh v chiu cao ca phu ly bng 1,5 ng knh ng trung tm.
ng knh tm ht bng 1,3 ng knh ming phu. Gc nghing gia b
mt tm ht vi mt phng ngang: 170. Chiu cao t mt di ca tm ht n
b mt lp cn l 0,3m.
+ Vn tc nc trong ng trung tm khng ln hn 30 mm/s; vn tc nc qua
khe h gia mp di ca ng trung tm v b mt tm ht b lng ln mt
khng ln hn 20 mm/s, b lng t hai ly 15 mm/s.
+ Mng thu nc lng t trong thnh trong ca b lng.
+ Gc nghing ca b lng t mt v t hai so vi phng ngang khng nh
hn 500.
B lng hai v
7.61
B lng hai v c th l b n hoc b kp. i vi cc b kp phi bo m

kh nng thay i thng xuyn hng dng chy trong mng lng.
7.62
B lng hai v thit k theo cc quy nh nu trong iu 7.50, 7.53 v 7.58,

ng thi theo cc quy nh sau y:
- Mt thong t do ca b cn ni ln khng nh hn 20% din tch mt
bng ca b.
49
TCXDVN-51:2008
- Khong cch gia thnh ngoi ca cc mng lng khng nh hn 0,5 m.

- Gc nghing ca thnh mng lng khng nh hn 500, hai thnh nghing
ca mng lng phi trm ln nhau t nht 0,15m, chiu su mng lng ph
thuc chiu di ly t 1,2 2,5 m. Chiu rng khe h ca mng lng ly
0,15m.
- Chiu cao lp nc trung ho ly t khe h ca mng lng n b mt lp
cn trong ngn t hoi l 0,5m.
- Gc nghing phn y hnh nn ca ngn t hoi khng c nh hn 300.
- Nm ca cn ly ra khi b 90%.
- Hiu qu lng cht l lng ca b 45 50%.
- Hiu qu phn hy cht hu c 40%.
7.63
Th tch ngn t hoi ca b lng hai v c th xc nh cc s liu nu trong

bng 7-16 .
Bng 7-16.
Nhit nc thi trung bnh
vo ma ng
10
12
15
20
25
Th tch ngn t hoi trong b lng 2 v

tnh bng lt cho 1 ngi
65
50
30
15
10
Ghi ch:
1. Th tch ngn t hoi ca b lng hai v cn phi tng thm 75% nu a bn ca b
Aeroten x l hon ton hoc b lc sinh hc cao ti vo, hoc phi tng 30% khi x
bn ca b lng sau b lc sinh hc nh git, hoc ca Aeroten x l khng hon ton
vo.
2. Khi thiu s liu v thc nghim nhit nc thi th c th ly nhit trung bnh
hng nm ca khng kh tnh ton.
3. Th tch ngn t hoi ca b lng 2 v x l nc thi trc khi a vo bi lc
cho php gim khng qu 20%.
Thit b thu du
7.64
B thu du c s dng gi li cc ht du th khi nng du ln hn

100mg/l.
Tnh ton b thu du hon ton ging nh tnh ton b lng ngang, c ch
thm v ng hc ni ca cc loi ht du. Nu khng c cc s liu v ng
hc ni ca cc ht du cho php ly:
- ln thu lc (tc ni ca ht du) t 0,4 0,6 mm/s.
- Vn tc tnh ton trung bnh trong phn nc chy ca b V l 4 6mm/s.
Khi lng cc ht du b gi trong trng hp ny vo khong:
- 70% khi cc ht du c ln thu lc bng 0,4 mm/s;
- 60% khi cc ht du c ln thu lc bng 0,6 mm/s.
7.65
Khi thit k b thu du nn ly:

- Chiu su phn nc chy ca b H ly 2m;
- T s gia chiu di v chiu su l 15 20;
- Chiu rng ca mt ngn l 3 6m;
50
TCXDVN-51:2008
- S ngn ly khng t hn 2;
- Lp du ni dy 0,1m;
- Lp cn dy n 0,1m;
- Nm ca cn mi lng 95%, khi lng ring 1,1 T/m3;
- Nm ca cn lng vn cc 70%. Khi lng ring 1,5 T/m3 ;
- Khi lng cn b gi li tnh theo cht kh 80 120 g/m3 nc thi.
Cn c cc thit b thu v thit b x cc vng du ni.
Siclon thu lc
7.66
Siclon thu lc h c p dng tch cn lng v cc tp cht ni c cu

trc thuc h khuych tn th. Siclon thu lc kn (c p lc) dng tch cc
hp cht c cu trc ht n nh h khuych tn th.
7.67
C th p dng 3 loi siclon thu lc sau y:

a) Siclon thu lc khng c thit b bn trong, dng tch cc tp cht thuc
h phn tn nh v th c ln thu lc t 5 mm/s tr ln.
b) Siclon thu lc c mng ngn v vch hnh tr dng khi lu lng ca mi
b n 200m3/h, dng x l cc cht thuc h phn tn th v nh vi
ln thu lc t 0,2 mm/s tr ln cng nh cc cht l lng kt ta v cc
sn phNm du m.
c) Siclon thu lc nhiu tng dng khi lu lng mi b ln hn 300m3/h,
dng tch cc tp cht khng vn cc thuc h phn tn th v nh vi
ln thu lc 0,2mm/s tr ln cng nh cc sn phNm du m.
7.68
Khi thit k cc siclon thu lc cn ch :

- Ly cn bng cc gu mc, thit b nng thu lc hoc bng p lc thu tnh.
- Dng tm chn hnh khuyn na chm na ni t trc p trn vi khong
cch khng qu 50mm gi li cc tp cht ni.
- Tch cc cht ni bng phu t ngc trong nc.
Khi thit k cc siclon thu lc nn ly:
a) i vi tt c cc siclon thu lc h ti trng thu lc q(m3/m2.gi) xc
nh theo cng thc:
q = 3,6K.U0
(7-24)
Trong :
K H s ph thuc loi siclon.
U0 - th thu lc ca ht cn b gi li (mm/s) Tn tht p lc
trong
siclon thu lc ly bng 0,5m.
b) i vi cc siclon thu lc khng c thit b bn trong.
- H s K ly 0,61. Chiu cao phn hnh tr H bng ng knh ca siclon.
- ng knh vi x ly bng 0,10m.
- Gc nghing ca thnh phn hnh nn ly bng 600.
c) i vi cc siclon thu lc c mng ngn v vch ngn hnh tr.
- H s K ly bng 1,98.
- ng knh phn hnh tr ca b H ly bng D.
- ng knh l mng ngn ly bng 0,5D.
51
TCXDVN-51:2008
Gc hnh cn ca mng ngn ly bng 450.

ng knh ca vch ngn ly bng 0,85D.
Chiu cao ca vch ngn ly bng 0,8D
S vi phun vo ni tip tuyn vi phn di vch ngn ly t 3 5 vi
ng knh vi phun vo ly bng 0,05 0,07 D.
Gc nghing ca thnh phn hnh nn ly bng gc trt t nhin ca cn
trong nc, nhng khng c nh hn 600.
d) Siclon thy lc nhiu tng:
- H s
K=
D2 d 2
D2
(7-25)
- S tng 4 20.
- ng knh Siclon thu lc ly 2 6m.
- ng knh l trung tm ca mng ngn d = 0,5 1,4m.
- Khong cch gia cc tng theo chiu ng t 200 n 300mm.
- S vi phun vo cho mi tng l 3 ci t theo phng tip tuyn (mi vi
cch nhau 1200 mm).
- Tc nc thot ra t mi vi ly 0,3 0,5m/s.
- Gc nghing ca mng ngn bng gc trt t nhin ca cn c trong nc
nhng khng c nh hn 450.
Ghi ch:
Ti trng thu lc ni chung ca siclon thu lc nhiu tng t l thun vi s tng.
7.69
Vic la chn cc cu to kch thc ca cc siclon thu lc c p ph thuc

vo s lng, nng tnh cht bn cn trong nc thi.
Cho php p dng siclon thy lc cho cc loi nc thi c hm lng cht l
lng 0,2 0,4 g/l vi trng lng ring 2,5g/cm3. Cu to v thng s k thut
ca siclon thu lc ly theo bng 7-17.
Bng 7-17
ln thu lc ca
cc ht cn b gi li
trong siclon thu lc
(mm/s)
Cu to v cc thng s k thut ca siclon thu lc p lc
Khi
lng
ring 2
3,5g/cm3
Nng
ban u.
20004000mg/l
Khi
lng
ring
5g/m3
nng
ban u
200-800
mg/l
ng
knh
phn
hnh
tr
(mm)
1,7 1
2,1 1,3
3,7 2,7
4,6 3,6
4,8 4,3
0,25-0,2
0,4-0,3
0,5-0,4
1,1-0,8
2-1,8
50
15
250
350
500
Kch thc cc chi tit tnh theo

ng knh ca phn hnh tr.
ng
knh
tng
ng
ca ng
vo (m)
ng
knh vi
phun
(m)
ng
knh
vi
phun
bn (m)
Chiu
cao
phn
hnh
tr
(m)
0,28
0,24
0,2
0,18
0,13
0,4
0,27
0,23
0,22
0,22
0,12
0,12
0,1
0,07
0,05
1
1
0,7
0,88
0,8
Tn
tht p
lc
trong
siclon
thu
lc tnh
bng m
ct
nc
10 - 15
15 - 20
15 - 25
20 - 30
25 - 35
Cng
sut
ca mt
thit b
(m3/h)
Tn
tht
nc
vi bn
tnh
bng %
theo
cng
sut.
3-4
5-6
46 - 53
75 - 85
85 - 90
2-3
3-5
5-7
2-3
1,5 - 2
52
TCXDVN-51:2008
Thit b tuyn ni
7.70
Thit b tuyn ni (c kh) dng tch cc cht du m, si bng khong,

aming, len, cc cht hot ng b mt khng ho tan trong nc c b mt ln
v cc cht c t trng gn bng nc,.. c trong nc thi.
Thit b tuyn ni c kh c s dng tch ra khi nc cc tp cht thuc
h phn tn th.
Thit b tuyn ni p lc dng tch ra khi nc cc tp cht phn tn tinh.
Khi cn thit phi x l trit cc tp cht ni trn nn dng cc loi phn
keo t cc tp cht .
7.71
Khi thit k cc thit b tuyn ni nn ly:

a) Thit b tuyn ni c kh.
- Thi gian tuyn ni 20 30 pht.
- Vn tc quay ca cnh khuy 12 15 m/s.
- ng knh cnh khuy D ly 200 750mm.
- Lng khng kh trn mt n v din tch trong ngn tuyn ni l 40
50m3/m2.h.
- Chiu su nc trong ngn tuyn ni t 1,5 n 3m.
Nu b hnh vung th mi cnh kch thc bng 6D. Din tch phc v ca
mi cnh khuy khng qu 35D2.
Th tch ngn tuyn ni W ( m3 ) tnh theo cng thc sau y:
W = 0,85Q.t
Trong :
(7-26)
Q Lu lng nc thi (m3/h)

t Thi gian tuyn ni ( pht)
b) Thit b tuyn ni p lc:

Khi lng khng kh ly bng 3 5% th tch nc cn x l. Np khng kh
bng Ejecter vo trong ng ht ca my bm.
p lc d trong thng p lc 30 50N/cm2.
Thi gian bo ho khng kh 1 3 pht.
B lng kt hp tuyn ni hnh ch nht chiu su 1 1,5m, thi gian tuyn
ni 20 pht, dng cho cng trnh x l nc thi cng sut di 100 m3/h.
B lng kt hp tuyn ni kiu ly tm c chiu su khng c nh hn 3m
(vng tuyn ni v lng chiu su mi vng khng c nh hn 1,5m) khi
cng sut cng trnh ln hn 100m3/h.
Ghi ch:
Khi thit k cc thit b tuyn ni phi xt n kh nng hm lng nh tng trong
nc thi tng ln 10%.
H sinh hc
7.72
H sinh hc c th p dng x l sinh hc hon ton hoc khng hon ton

cc loi nc thi.
H sinh hc cn c p dng x l trit nc thi khi c yu cu x l
nc thi mc cao.
53
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.73
H sinh hc c cc dng sau y:

- H k kh
- H ty tin (x l nc thi trong iu kin hiu kh v thiu kh)
- H hiu kh (lm thong t nhin hoc lm thong cng bc)
Ghi ch:
C th p dng h sinh hc x l nc thi sau khi x l c hc trong cc b
lng hoc c th p dng h sinh hc nh mt cng trnh x l hon chnh.
7.74
Khi thit k h sinh hc nn nghin cu kt hp chc nng x l nc thi vi

cc mc ch khc nh: iu ho nc ma, nui trng thu sn, tr nc
ti cho nng nghip v.v
7.75
H sinh hc c th l mt h hoc nhiu h lm vic ni tip. La chn v s

sp xp cc h ph thuc vo yu cu x l nc thi, iu kin t nhin khu
vc v kh nng s dng cc h cho cc mc ch kinh t k thut khc. S b
tr cc h c th tham kho theo ph lc V.
7.76
H k kh p dng x l nc thi sinh hot hoc nc thi sn xut c

thnh phn tnh cht gn ging vi nc thi sinh hot. H c dng x l
nc thi kt hp x l bn cn lng. H thch hp nht i vi nhng vng
c nhit trung bnh vo ma ng trn 150C. Thi gian nc lu li trong
h k kh t 1 n 5 ngy.
Khong cch ly nh nht n khu dn c 1000m; khi b tr hng gi thun
li v iu kin v sinh cho php th c th gim xung nhng khng th nh
hn 500m.
7.77
Cc cng thc tnh ton h k kh:
La.Q
v.H
(7-27)
W = F.H
(7-28)
F=
Trong :
F- Din tch b mt trung bnh ca h (m2);

W- Th tch cng tc ca h (m3);
La BOD5 ca dng nc thi vo h (mg/l);
Q Lu lng nc thi (m3/ngy);
H Chiu su h;
v Ti trng hu c b mt ca h (gBOD5/m3.ngy), ph thuc
vo nhit v xc nh theo bng 7-18.
Bng 7-18.
Nhit trung bnh khng
kh v ma ng T (0C)
10 20
20 25
>25
v (gBOD5/m3.ngy)
20T 100
10T +100
350
Hiu qu x l theo BOD5

(%)
2T+20
2T+20
70
54
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.78
Chiu su h k kh nn ly 3 5m, khi c iu kin thun li c th lm h

su gim bt mi kh chu. t nht phi c 2 ngn h lm vic song song.
Lng bn cha trong h, s b c th ly t 0,03 0,05 m3/ngi/nm. Bn
phi c nh k no vt m bo ch lm vic bnh thng.
7.79
Cu to ca dn nc vo v ca x nc ra khi h k kh nh sau:
Ca dn nc vo h c th thit k dng ngp hoc khng ngp. i vi dng
ngp nn t khong gia chiu su h, khng c t st y h.
B tr ca x vo phi m bo vic phn phi u cn lng trn ton b din
tch h. Khi din tch h di 0,5 ha cho php b tr ca x vo gia h.
Ca ra c th thit k dng khng ngp v phi c thit b ngn nga lp bt v
mng ni trn mt h chy ra theo dng nc.
7.80
H tu tin p dng x l nc thi c x l s b trong cc b lng,

b t hoi, h k kh hoc nc thi cha c x l. Mc x l tnh theo
BOD5 thng khng qu 70 85%.
7.81
Din tch b mt cng tc ca h tu tin xc nh nh sau:

F=
Q La
(
1)
H .K Lt
(7-29)
Trong :
La BOD5 ca nc thi a vo h (g/m3);

Lt BOD5 ca nc thi sau khi lm sch trong h (g/m3);
H Chiu su h (m), t 1,5 n 2,5 m, chn theo bng 7-19.
K H s phn hu cht hu c trong h ty tin (ngy -1); nhit
200C, K chn bng 0,25 ngy-1 . nhit T, h s K xc nh theo
cng thc:
K = 0,25 x 1,06T-20
(7-30)
Bng 7-19.
Chiu su (m)
iu kin nhit v tnh cht nc thi
1,5 2,0
Nhit m u, nc thi c lm sch s b
2,0 2,5
S thay i nhit theo ma, nc thi cha cc ht cn c th lng c
7.82
i vi h ty tin, khi lu lng trn 500m3/ngy cn chia h thnh nhiu

ngn lm vic song song. t nht phi c 2 ngn. Nu s dng cc h t nhin
hin c hoc i vi nhng vng hng nm c nhiu gi vi tc gi trn
3m/s th c th khng cn chia thnh nhiu ngn.
7.83
H lm thong t nhin dng x l trit nc thi c BOD5 u vo di

75mg/l v BOD5 u ra nh hn 25 mg/l. H cn c s dng kh trng
nc thi.
7.84
H x l trit c chiu su trung bnh H t 1,0 n 1,5m v chia thnh

nhiu bc. Ti bc th nht, hm lng BOD5 trong nc thi gim 70%.
cc bc tip theo, hm lng BOD5 gim 25% qua mi bc. Din tch cng tc
bc th nht F1 (m2) ca h x l trit xc nh theo cng thc :
55
TCXDVN-51:2008
F1 =
(7-
31)
t1 Thi gian lu nc trung bnh trong bc th nht ca h
(ngy)
H Chiu su trung bnh ca h (m);
e- bc hi nc trung bnh ti a phng (mm/ngy).
Trong :
7.85
2QT1
2 H + 0,001et1
Hiu qu kh trng ca h lm thong t nhin x l trit nc thi xc

nh nh sau :
Nt =
Na
(1 + K b .t1 )(1 + K b t 2 )...(1 + K b .t n )
(7-32)
Trong :
Na v Nt S lng gy bnh trong nc thi vo h v ra khi h
(s vi khuNn coliform /100ml).
t1, t2, ..., tn - Thi gian lu nc trong cc bc h, ngy
Kb - H s dit khuNn fecal coliform. 200C Kb l 2,6 ngy-1.
nhit T, Kb xc nh nh sau:
Kb = 2,6 x 1,19T-20 , (ngy-1)
7.86
(7-33)
Din tch xy dng Fxd (m ) ca cc h ty tin v h lm thong t nhin c

xc nh nh sau :
F xd =
(7-34)
Trong :
H s ph thuc t l gia chiu di L v chiu rng B trn
ca h
Khi L :B = 20 : 1 hoc ln hn, chn l 0,8 n 0,9;
Khi L: B = 3 : 1 n 1:1, chn l 0,35
Khi B :L nm gia mc trn th c th chn ni suy.
7.87
Trong h lm thong nhn to, oxy c cung cp ch yu bng phng php

cng bc nh khuy trn b mt hoc sc kh. H c su H t 2 n 6 m
v thi gian lu nc t t 3 n 10 ngy v nng bn hot tnh Xva t 200
n 400 mg/l.
7.88
Th tch ca h lm thong nhn to c xc nh trn c s thi gian lu

nc trong h t theo cng thc sau y:
Lt
1
=
La 1 + K T t
(7-35)
Trong :
La v Lt- Nng BOD5 ca nc thi vo h v ra khi h (mg/l);
ly
KT- H s chuyn ha BOD trong h (ngy-1). iu kin 20oC, KT
56
TCXDVN-51:2008
bng 2,5 ngy-1. iu kin nhit khc, KT xc nh nh sau:

KT= 2,5.T-20
(7-36)
Trong :
- H s nhit , ly bng 1,056 khi 20< T 30oC v bng 1,135
khi
T20oC.
7.89
Lng oxy cn thit cp cho h lm thong nhn to GO2 (gO2/ngy) xc nh

nh sau:
GO2= a(La-Lt)Q
(7-37)
Trong :
a- H s tiu th oxy trong nc thi, ly t 0,9 n 1,5;
Q- Lu lng nc thi vo h (m3/ngy).
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi trong t t
7.90
Cnh ng ti nng nghip c th p dng cho cc loi t d thm cc

vng kh hu khc nhau,.
Khi s dng nc thi ti cn d tnh vic ti lin tc sut nm. Nu
khng c kh nng ti lin tc th nn s dng trit cc ch trng, ao h
cha, ch trong trng hp tht cn thit mi xt n vic xy dng cc cng
trnh x l b sung (lm vic trong thi gian khng ti).
7.91
Tiu chuNn ti v cht lng nc ti ph thuc vo iu kin kh hu, loi

cy trng, tnh cht t, su nc ngm, .. v xc nh theo s hng dn
ca cc c quan nng nghip v c quan qun l mi trng a phng.
7.92
Bi lc ngp nc x l nc thi gm hai dng: ngp nc b mt v ngp

nc pha di (bi lc ngm), thng p dng i vi vng t ct pha v st
nh x l sinh hc hon ton nc thi sau khi c lng s b. xy
dng bi lc cn chn khu t bng phng o dc khng qu 0,02. Trn b
mt cc loi bi lc ngp nc phi trng cc loi cy thn xp hoc thn lp.
7.93
Bi lc ngp nc khng c xy dng trn nhng khu t c s dng nc

ngm mch ngang cng nh nhng khu vc c hang ng ngm (vng cast).
7.94
Bi lc ngp nc phi t di dng chy i vi cng trnh thu nc ngm,

khong cch ca n xc nh theo bn knh nh hng ca ging thu, nhng
khng nh hn gii hn sau: i vi loi t st nh l 200m, ct pha l 300m
v ct l 500m.
Khi t bi lc trn dng chy nc ngm th khong cch ca bi lc n
cng trnh thu nc cn phi c tnh n iu kin a cht thu vn v yu
cu bo v v sinh ca ngun nc.
7.95
Nc thi trc khi a i x l trong bi lc ngp nc phi c x l s b

trong b t hoi hoc trong cc loi b lng t I khc. Ti trng thu lc
tnh ton din tch bi lc ngp nc ly theo s liu nghin cu thc nghim.
Trong trng hp khng c s liu nghin cu, din tch cc loi bi lc ngp
nc c tnh theo cc cng thc nu trong iu 7.96 v 7.97.
57
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.96
Din tch hu ch ca bi lc ngp nc b mt F (m2) c xc nh nh sau:

F=
Q.(ln .La ln .Lt + ln . f )
(7-38).
( Av )1,75 .K T .(d m .n + d w )
Trong :
Q- Lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi x l trn bi lc (m3/ngy);
dm - su lp t lc (m);
dw- Chiu cao lp t b mt (m);
n H s thnh phn c gii t lc. n c ly bng 0,75;
Av - Din tch b mt n v hu hiu cho hot ng ca vi sinh vt
(m2/m3). Av thng c chn bng 15,0 m2/m3;
f- Phn BOD cha chuyn ho ca bn cn lng ng ti vng u bi
lc, i vi nc thi sinh hot f chn bng 0,52 n 0,62;
KT H s, ph thuc vo nhit nc thi v xc nh theo cng thc:
K T = K 20 . T 20 , ngy -1
(7-39)
iu kin 200C K20 l 0,0057 ngy 1. thng ly bng 1,1.
7.97
Din tch hu ch ca bi lc ngp nc pha di F (m2) c xc nh nh

sau:
F=
Q. Lt L *
ln
K La L *
(7-40)
Trong :
Q- Lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi x l trn bi lc
(m3/ngy);
K- H s phn hy cht hu c , thng ly bng 0,095 m/ngy;
L*- Nng BOD cht nn bn trong lp vt liu lc ngp nc
(mg/l),
ph thuc vo
sau:
gi tr BOD ban u La v xc nh theo biu thc
L*= 3,5 +0,053 La

7.98
(7- 41 )
ng ti bi lc ngp nc pha di phi t cao hn mc nc ngm t nht

1m. su t gin ng ny khng qu 1,8 m v khng di 0,5 m cch mt
t. ng ti ph mt lp cui, si, x l cao, dm hoc ct ht to dy 20
250 cm. Chiu di tng cng ca ng ti xc nh ph thuc ti trng n v
ca ng ti. Chiu di mi on ti khng ln qu 20m.
58
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.99
Ti trng n v ca ng ti ly theo bng 7-20:

Bng 7-20.
t
Nhit trung
bnh nm ca
khng kh, oC
Ct
Di 11
Trn 11
Di 11
Trn 11
ct
Ti trng ti l/s trn 1m chiu di ng ti, ty thuc

chiu su mc nc ngm, tnh ti y ng ti, m
1
2
3
20
22
10
11
24
26
12
13
27
30
14
16
Ghi ch:
i vi vng c ma ln trn 1500 mm th gi tr trn phi gim xung 15 - 20%
7.100
Mng li ng ti c th lm bng ng cht do hoc bng cc mng xy

gch, b tng ct thp, c ng knh hoc b rng 75 100mm. ng ti
t trong t ct c dc 0,001 0,003 trong t ct pha c th t ngang.
Khong cch gia cc ng ti t song song trong t ct 1,5 2m,
trong t ct pha bng 2,5 m. Cui ng ti phi c ng ng thng hi,
ng knh 100 mm, nh ng cao hn mt t 0,5m.
Cc cng trnh lm thong s b v ng t sinh hc
7.101
7.102
B lm thong s b hay ng t sinh hc c s dng :

- Tng hiu qu lng b lng t mt, m bo cho hm lng cn l lng
trong nc thi khng vt qu gii hn cho php (thng l 150 mg/l) trc
khi vo cc cng trnh x l sinh hc.
- Thu hi cc mui kim loi nng (nh qu trnh hp ph) v cc cht bNn khc
c th tc ng xu i vi qu trnh x l sinh hc.
B lm thong s b v b ng t sinh hc c t trc cc b lng t
mt, c th l b c lp hay hp khi vi b lng t mt. i vi b ng
t sinh hc cn phi c bn t b t b lng t hai a v. Lng bn dn v
b ng t sinh hc l 50-100% i vi bn hot tnh d hoc 100% i vi
lng mng sinh hc.
Ghi ch:
1. Phi dn bn t b ti sinh v b ng t sinh hc. Khi khng c b ti sinh th b
tr ti sinh bn hp khi vi bng t sinh hc. Dung tch ngn ti sinh ly bng
0,25 - 0,3 tng dung tch b.
2. i vi mng sinh hc dn v b ng t sinh hc phi thc hin ti sinh vi thi
gian
24 h.
7.103
Khi thit k b lm thong s b v b ng t sinh hc cn phi:

- Chn s b khng di 2 v tt c u lm vic.
- Thi gian lm thong s b c chn l 20 pht.
- Lng khng kh cp cho b l 0,5m3 kh cho 1 m3 nc thi.
- Hiu qu loi b cc cht bNn trong cc b lng t mt (theo BOD5 v cht
l lng) tng ln l 10-15% i vi b lm thong s b v 20-25% i vi b
lm thong s b.
- Ti trng thy lc vng lng ca b ng t sinh hc ly bng 3m3/m2.h.
59
TCXDVN-51:2008
B lc sinh hc Cc yu cu chung
7.104
B lc sinh hc (loi b lc nh git v b lc cao ti) dng x l nc thi

bng phng php sinh hc mc hon ton hoc khng hon ton .
B lc sinh hc nh git cho php s dng x l sinh hc hon ton nc
thi cc trm c cng sut khng ln (thng khng qu 1.000m3/ngy).
B lc sinh hc cao ti c th p dng cho nhng trm c cng sut ln (ti
30.000m3/ ngy v ln hn).
i vi nc thi sn xut c th thit k b lc sinh hc theo 2 bc.
7.105
B lc sinh hc nn thit k di dng b trn hoc b ch nht, c thnh b,

sn lc v sn b. Sn lc c khe h vt liu lc. Quy nh kch thc
cu to nh sau:
-Chiu cao khng gian gia sn lc v sn b nh hn 0,6m.
- dc ca sn b v pha mng thu nc khng c nh hn 0,01.
- dc theo chiu dc ca mng thu ly theo kh nng ti a m cu to b
cho php nhng khng nh hn 0,005.
-Thnh b pha trn cao hn lp vt liu lc l 0,5m .
7.106
B lc sinh hc nh git thit k thng gi t nhin, b lc sinh hc cao ti

thng gi t nhin hoc nhn to.
Thng gi t nhin thc hin qua cc ca thng gi b tr u khp b mt
thnh b (ch yu trong phm vi sn lc, sn b).Tng din tch thng gi
trong phm vi sn b v sn lc ly 1- 5% din tch b lc.
Khi thng gi nhn to thnh b phi kn, dng qut gi thi khng kh vo
khong khng gian gia sn lc v sn y b vi p lc 100mm ct nc (
ch ca vo). ng dn ra khi b c kho thy lc vi chiu su 200mm.
7.107
Vt liu lc c th dng: dm, cui, si, x keramzit, cht do (c kh

nng chu c nhit 6 300C m khng mt bn).
Cc loi vt liu lc t nhin v nhn to (tr cht do) phi:
- Chu c ti trng khng nh hn 10 N/cm2 vi trng lng cht ng n
10.000N/m3 trong trng thi t nhin.
- Chu c dung dch Natri Sunfat bo ho, tNm t nht 5 ln.
- Chu c khi un si trong vng 1 gi trong dung dch axit Clohydric 5%;
c trng lng ln gp 3 ln trng lng ca vt liu em th.
Sau tt c cc th nghim, vt liu lc khng c c h hi r rt v trng
lng khng c gim 10% so vi lc u.
7.108
Vt liu lc cn c chiu cao ging nhau c ht ng u theo chiu cao b.

Ring lp vt liu lc pha di, chiu dy 0,2m cn c c ht ln hn
(70 100mm).
7.109
C ht ca vt liu lc dng trong b lc sinh hc nn ly theo bng 7.21.
Bng 7.21.
Kiu b lc v
loi vt liu lc
ng knh
quy c ca
loi vt liu
lc D (mm)
S % theo trng lng ca vt liu lc b gi li trn

gin c ng knh l d(mm)
70
55
40
30
25
20
60
TCXDVN-51:2008
+ B lc sinh hc
cao ti vt liu ,
cui
+ B lc sinh hc
nh git vt liu
dm, si
+ B lc sinh hc
nh git vt liu
kramzit.
40-70
0-5
40-70
95-100
25-40
0-5
40-70
95-100
20-40
0-8
khng
quy nh
khng
quy nh
98-100
Ghi ch:
1. S lng ht dt v di trong vt liu lc khng c nh hn 5%.
2. i vi lp vt liu lc pha di trong mi trng hp phi dng loi c c
ht t 70 - 100mm.
7.110
Vic phn phi nc thi trn b mt vt liu lc c thc hin bng nhiu
cch khc nhau.
Khi phn phi nc bng cc loi vi phun phi thit k:
- p lc t do ban u ti vi phun cui cng khng di 0,5m.
- ng knh l vi 18 40 mm.
- Chiu cao vi phun nh trn b mt lp vt liu lc mt khong 0,15 - 0,2m.
- i vi cc b lc nh git khi lu lng nc n ln nht, thi gian ti l
5-6 pht.
Khi dng thit b ti kiu phn lc phi chn :
- S v ng knh ng ti phn phi xc nh theo tnh ton vi iu kin
vn tc ca nc thi ti u ng l 0,5 1m/s.
- S v ng knh l trn ng ti xc nh theo tnh ton vi iu kin vn
tc qua l khng di 0,5 m/s, ng knh l khng di 10mm.
- p lc ti l phun phi xc nh theo tnh ton nhng khng di 0,5m.
- V tr t ng ti phi cao hn b mt lp vt liu lc l 0,2m.
7.111
S n nguyn b lc khng di 2 v khng qu 8, tt c u hot ng.Tnh

ton mng phn phi v tho nc ca b lc sinh hc theo lu lng ln
nht.
Cn c thit b x cn v ra y b lc sinh hc khi cn thit.
B lc sinh hc nh git
7.112 Hm lng BOD5 ca nc thi a vo b lc sinh hc nh git khng c

ln hn 200mg/l. Nu nc thi c BOD5 ln hn 200 mg/l th phi tun hon.
Phng php tun hon phi xc nh theo tnh ton.
7.113 Thit k b lc sinh hc nh git nn ly:
Chiu cao lm vic H ly 1,5 2m.
Ti trng thu lc q ly 13 m3/m3 vt liu/ ngy.
7.114 Khi tnh ton b lc sinh hc nh git cn xc nh h s hot ng ca b K:
K=
La
Lt
(7-42)
Trong :
61
TCXDVN-51:2008
La BOD5 ca nc thi ban u.

Lt BOD5 ca nc thi c x l (thng ly 15mg/l).
Cc thng s ca b lc sinh hc nh git nh chiu cao lp vt liu lc H
(m) v ti trng thy lc th tch q (m3 nc thi/m3 vt liu lc/ngy) ly theo
bng 7-22 tng ng vi tr s K c xc nh.
Tng din tch ca b lc sinh hc xc nh theo khi lng nc thi (k c
nc pha long) phi x l qua b lc trong mt ngy v ti trng thu lc th
tch q.
Bng 7-22.
Ti
trng thu lc q
(m3/m3/ngy)
Gi tr K ng vi c hiu cao lp vt liu lc H (m) v

nhit trung bnh ca nc thi v ma ng T t 14
n 20oC
H = 1,5
H=2
11,4
10
8
6,7
5,9
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
15,1
12,8
11,5
10,7
10,2
Ghi ch:
Khi nhit tnh ton T ln hn 20OC th gi tr K cn xc nh bng thc nghim.
Khi thiu s liu thc nghim th c th tnh theo T bng 20OC.
Trng hp tr s K tnh c vt qu tr s trong bng 7-22 th phi tun hon.
Trong trng hp ny vic tnh ton theo quy nh iu 7.115.
7.115 Lng mng sinh hc d trong trm x l x l dng b lc sinh hc nh git

khong 8 g cht kh cho mt ngi trong mt ngy, Nm = 96%.
B lc sinh hc cao ti thng gi nhn to
7.116
Nng BOD5 ca nc thi a vo b lc sinh hc cao ti khng c vt

qu 250 mg/l. Trng hp BOD5 ln hn phi tun hon. Cn cc trng hp
khc cn xc nh theo tnh ton.
7.117 Thit k b lc sinh hc cao ti nn ly:

Chiu cao lp vt liu lc H ly 2 4 m
Ti trng thu lc q ly 10 30 m3/m2/ngy
Lu lng khng kh n v B ly 8 12 m3/m3 nc, k c lu lng nc
tun hon.
7.118 Khi tnh ton b lc sinh hc cao ti cn xc nh h s hot ng ca b K:
K=
La
Lt
(7-43)
Trong :
La- BOD5 ca nc thi a vo b (mg/l);
Lt- BOD5 ca nc thi c x l (mg/l).
62
TCXDVN-51:2008
Cc thng s ca b lc cao ti nh H, q v B ly theo bng 7-23 tng ng

vi nhit trung bnh ca nc thi v ma ng T v gi tr h s K tnh
c. Trng hp trong bng khng c gi tr K bng gi tr tnh ton th cho
php ly gi tr xp x. Nu khng tun hon pha long th ly gi tr cao hn.
Nu tun hon pha long th ly gi tr thp hn.
Din tch b lc sinh hc cao ti khi khng tun hon xc nh theo ti trng
thu lc q ( m3/m2/ngy) v khi lng nc thi trong ngy Q ( m3/ngy).
Khi c tun hon th BOD5 ca hn hp nc thi cha x l v nc tun
hon Lh (mg/l), h s tun hon n v din tch F (m2) xc nh theo cng thc
sau:
Lh = KLt
(7-44)
n=
La Lh
Lh Lt
(7-45)
F=
Q(n + 1)
q
(7-46)
Ghi ch:
Trng hp tnh ton b lc sinh hc x l nc thi c hm lng BOD5 ln hn
250mg/l th ly:
K = 250:Lt
nu trong bng 7-23 c gi tr K 250: Lt, th ly Lh bng 250mg/l v xc nh theo
gi tr Lh ny , nu tr s K = 250: Lt khng c trong bng ny th ly gi tr xp x
nh hn ca K ri t tnh Lh v n tng ng.
Bng 7-23.
Gi tr h s K ph thuc vo ti trng thy lc q (m3/m2/ngy), lng

khng kh cp B (m3/m3 nc thi), chiu cao lp vt liu lc H (m) v
nhit trung bnh ca nc thi v ma ng T (oC)
T=14oC
T=20oC
T=25oC
q=10
q=20
q=30
q=10
q=20
q=30
q=10
q=20
q=30
2
3
4
4,3
8,95
12,1
3,02
5,25
9,05
2,56
4,09
6,95
6,85
12,02
16,26
4,31
8,93
12,16
3,50
6,53
10,67
10,36
14,45
21,0
6,18
11,48
15,2
4,709
10,10
12,86
10
2
3
4
5,09
9,9
16,4
3,67
6,04
10
3,16
4,84
7,42
7,76
16,22
21,03
5,08
9,86
16,37
4,168
7,31
12,85
12,03
19,95
28,84
7,08
15,49
20,41
5,52
11,22
17,31
12
2
3
4
5,97
11,7
23,1
4,31
7,2
12
3,7
5,72
8,83
9,33
23,01
27,10
6,02
11,7
23,12
4,89
8,73
15,56
14,53
26,01
31,88
8,472
19,72
30,20
6,546
13,40
23,83
63
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.119
Khi lng mng sinh hc trong b lng t hai sau b lc sinh hc cao ti
khong 28 gam cho mt ngi trong mt ngyvi Nm bng 96%.
7.120
BOD5 ca nc thi dn vo b lc sinh hc vi vt liu lc l cht do khng

qu 250 mg/l.
7.121 i vi b lc sinh hc vi vt liu lc l cht do cho php chn:

- Chiu cao lp vt liu lc H = 3 4 m.
- Lp vt liu lc l khi cc ng hoc tm PVC, Polystyrol, PE, PP, PA vi
b mt nhn hay c khoan l, ng knh ng 50 100 mm hay vt liu ri c
dng cc on ng nh di 50-150mm, ng knh 30-75 mm, mt nhn hay
nhm sn si.
- Nu rng ca lp vt liu lc 90-96%, din tch b mt 90-110 m2/m3 vt
liu lc th c th thng gi t nhin cho b.
- Trong trng hp ngng dn nc thi vo b lc sinh hc th cn phi b tr
h thng bm tun hon nc thi tr v trnh lm hng mng sinh hc
trn b mt vt liu lc.
7.122
Khi tnh ton b lc sinh hc vi vt liu lc l cht do, phi xc nh ti

trng thy lc q m3/m2.ngy tng ng vi mc cn thit x l E vi nhit
nc thi bit v chiu cao H chn v theo bng 7-24. Th tch vt
liu lc v din tch b lc sinh hc xc nh theo ti trng thy lc v lu
lng nc thi.
Bng 7-24
Hiu qu Ti trng thy lc q (m3/m2/ngy) v chiu cao lp vt liu lc
x l (%) H (m)
H = 3m
H=4m
Nhit trung bnh nm ca nc thi , T oC
10
12
14
10
12
14
90
6,8
7,5
8,2
9,1
10
10,3
85
9,2
10
11
12,3
13,5
14,
80
11,2
12,3
13,3
15
16,4
17,
B aeroten
7.123
Aeroten dng x l sinh hc hon ton hoc khng hon ton cc loi nc
thi th hay nc thi sn xut. B aeroten c 2 loi: aeroten trn v aeroten
Ny. Aeroten Ny dng khi trm x l nc thi c cng sut ln hn 10.000
m3/ngy. Aeroten trn c th kt hp vi cc loi b lng, b lng trong v ng
dng khi cng sut trm x l nc thi di 20.000 m3/ngy.
7.124
Khi thit k Aeroten cn cn c vo cc yu t sau:

- Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi.
- Nhu cu oxy sinh ho BOD5 .
- Hiu qu s dng khng kh.
7.125
Nn ti sinh bn hot tnh cho aeroten Ny trong cc trng hp sau:

- Khi BOD5 ca nc thi La a vo aeroten ln hn 150 mg/l.
- Nc thi sn xut c cc cht kh xy ho sinh ho.
64
TCXDVN-51:2008
- Nc thi ch c x l sinh hc khng hon ton (BOD5 sau khi x l ln

hn 20 mg/l).
7.126
Th tch ca aeroten W (m3) tnh theo cng thc sau y:

W = Qtt(1+R).t, m3
(7-47)
Trong :
t - Thi gian thi kh (h). Thi gian ny khng c nh hn 2 h;
Qtt - Lu lng tnh ton (m3/h), xc nh nh sau:
- Khi h s khng iu ho Kch1,25, Qtt=Qtb;
- H s Kch>1,25, Qtt ly bng Qtb, max trong t gi c lu lng nc
thi
ln nht.
R- T l tun hon bn, xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
R ==
a
1000
a
I
(7-48)
Trong :
I - Ch s bn, thng thng t 100 n 200 ml/g;
a- Liu lng bn hot tnh theo cht kh (g/l), c chn nh sau:
2-3 g/l cho aeroten c ti trng bn cao;
2,5-3,5 g/l cho aeroten c ti trng bn trung bnh;
3-4 g/l cho aeroten c ti trng bn thp;
3-5 g/l cho aeroten thi kh ko di;
5g/l i vi aeroten khong ho hon ton.
7.127 Thi gian thi kh (thi gian x l) nc thi t (h) ca aeroten trn xc nh
theo cng thc sau y:
t=
La Lt 15
.
a(1 Tr ) T
(7-49)
Trong :
T- nhit trung bnh ca hn hp nc thi v ma ng( oC);
La v Lt- BOD5 ca nc thi trc v sau khi x l (mg/l);
Tr- tro ca bn hot tnh, ph thuc tng loi nc thi v c
chn
theo bng 7-25.
- Tc xy ho ring cc cht hu c (mg BOD5/g cht kh khng
tro ca bn trong 1 h), c xc nh theo biu thc sau y:
= max
Lt C0
1
x
Lt C0 + K l C0 + K 0 Lt 1 + a
(7-50)
Trong :
max- Tc xy ho ring ln nht (mg BOD5/g cht kh khng tro
ca bn) trong 1 h;
C0- Nng xy ho tan cn thit phi duy tr trong aeroten (mg/l);
65
TCXDVN-51:2008
Kl-hng s c trng cho tnh cht ca cht bNn hu c trong nc

thi, (mg BOD/l);
K0- Hng s k n nh hng ca xy ho tan (mgO2/l);
- H s k n s km hm qu trnh sinh hc bi cc sn
phNm phn hu bn hot tnh (l/h).
Cc gi tr max,, Kl, K0 , v Tr ca cc loi nc thi khc nhau s khc nhau
v c xc nh bng cc nghin cu thc nghim, hoc theo bng 7-25.
Bng 7-25.
Loi nc thi
Nc thi th
Nc thi lc du h thng 1
Nc thi lc du h thng 2
Nc thi sn xut phn m
Nc thi sn xut cao su nhn to
Nc thi sn xut giy
Nc thi sn xut bia
Nc thi l git m
Nc thi sn xut si visco
7.128
max
85
33
59
140
80
650
232
454
90
Kl
33
3
24
6
30
100
90
55
35
K0
0,625
1,81
1,66
2,4
0,6
1,5
1,66
1,65
0,7
0,07
0,17
0,158
1,11
0,06
2
0,16
0,176
0,27
Tr
0,3
0,15
0,16
0,35
0,25
-
Thi gian thi kh (thi gian x l) nc thi t (h) trong aeroten Ny khng c
ngn ti sinh xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
t=
Lhh
1 + a
(C 0 + K 0 )( Lhh Lt ) + K l C 0 ln
K p
Lt
max C 0 a(1 Tr )
(7-51)
Trong :
Kp - H s tnh n nh hng ca qu trnh trn dc theo b, ly bng
1,5 khi x l sinh hc hon ton (Lt<20 mg/l) v bng 1,25 khi x l
sinh hc khng hon ton (Lt>20 mg/l);
Lhh - BOD ca hn hp nc thi v bn hot tnh tun hon vo
aeroten (mg/l), xc nh theo biu thc sau:
Lhh =
7.129
La + Lt R
1+ R
(7-52)
Aeroten Ny c ti sinh bn hot tnh bao gm hai phn: phn aeroten v phn
ti sinh bn hot tnh. Tnh ton aeroten Ny c ngn ti sinh theo cc bc sau
y.
1. Xc nh thi gian lm vic ca cc ngn aeroten.
- Thi gian oxy ho cc cht hu c t0 (h):
t0 =
La Lt
Ra r (1 Tr )
(7-53)
Trong :
ar - liu lng bn hot tnh trong ngn ti sinh, g/l, xc nh nh
sau:
a r = a(
1
+ 1)
2R
(7-54)
66
TCXDVN-51:2008
Tc oxy ho ring cc cht hu c (mg BOD5/g cht kh khng tro ca

bn trong 1 gi), c xc nh theo biu thc (7-50) vi gi tr liu lng bn
hot tnh ar.
- Thi gian thi kh trong ngn aeroten ta:
ta =
2,5 La
,h
lg
a 0,5 Lt
- Thi gian cn thit ti sinh bn hot tnh tts:

tts = to-ta
2. Th tch aeroten.
- Th tch ca ngn aeroten Wa (m3):
Wa = ta(1+ R)Qtt
- Th tch ca ngn ti sinh Wts (m3):
Wts = tts R Qtt
- Tng th tch aeroten W (m3):
W = Wa+Wts
(7-55)
(7-56)
(7-57)
(7-58)
(7-59)
7.130
Aeroten Ny thng chia thnh cc hnh lang. Bn hot tnh c a vo

pha u b, nc thi phn b pha u v dc theo chiu di b. Hn hp
bn v nc thi thu pha cui b. m bo ch thu ng hc ca b
theo nguyn tc Ny, kch thc ca hnh lang aeroten nh sau:
- Chiu cao cng tc H = 3-6 m;
- Chiu rng mi hnh lang B 2H;
- Chiu di hnh lang L 10H.
i vi aeroten Ny c ngn ti sinh, da vo t l Wts/W c th chn c s
hnh lang ca aeroten. Khi t l ny l 25%, chn aeroten 4 hnh lang, t l l
30% th chn 3 hnh lang, t l 50% th chn 2 hnh lang ....
7.131
Phi xem xt kh nng b aeroten lm vic vi dung tch bin ng ca ngn

ti sinh.
7.132
Khi lng bn hot tnh tun hon trong cc Aeroten khng ti sinh bn xc
nh theo nng bn cn thit trong b v nng bn hot tnh tun hon,
ly theo bng 7-29.
7.133
Khi tnh aeroten x l nc thi sn xut th nng bn, tc oxy ho

trung bnh, lu lng khng kh n v v tng sinh khi bn ly theo cc
kt qu nghin cu thc nghim.
7.134
tng sinh khi bn Pr (mg/l) trong cc ngn aeroten khi x l nc thi

sinh hot xc nh theo cng thc:
Pr = 0,8C1 + 0,3 La
(7-60)
Trong :
C1 Lng cht l lng trong nc thi a vo aeroten (mg/l).
Ghi ch:
Khi tnh b nn bn, ng knh ng dn bn v ng thng hi bn, tr s tng
sinh khi bn xc nh theo cng thc (7-58) nn tng ln vi h s 1,3 k ti s
khng iu ho theo tng ma.
67
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.135
Lu lng khng kh n v D (m3 khng kh/m3 nc thi) khi x l nc

thi trong cc aeroten cp kh nn t my thi kh, xc nh theo cng thc:
D=
z ( L a Lt )
K 1 K 2 n1 n 2 (C p C )
(7-61)
Trong :
Z Lu lng xy n v tnh bng mg x l 1mg BOD5 xc nh
nh sau:
+ Khi x l sinh hc hon ton 1,1 mg xy/mg BOD5;
+ Khi x l sinh hc khng hon ton 0,9 mg xy/mg BOD5;
K1 H s k n thit b np kh ly nh sau:
+ Thit b np kh to bt kh c nh ly theo t s gia din tch vng
np kh v din tch aeroten (f/F), theo bng 7-26.
Bng 7-26
f/F
K1
Jmaxm3/m2-h
0,05
1,34
5
0,1
1,47
10
0,2
1,68
20
0,3
1,89
30
0,4
1,94
40
0,5
2
50
0,75
2,13
75
1
2,3
100
+ Thit b phn phi kh to bt c trung bnh v h thng phn phi

kh p lc ly bng 0,75.
K2 H s ph thuc vo su t thit b phn phi kh h (m), ly
theo bng 7- 27.
Bng 7-27
h(m)
K2
Jmaxm3/m2-h
0,5
0,4
43
0,6
0,46
42
0,7
0,6
38
0,8
0,8
82
0,9
0,9
28
1
1
24
3
2,08
4
4
2,52
3,5
5
2,92
3
6
3,3
2,5
n1 H s xt ti nh hng ca nhit ca nc thi xc nh theo

cng thc:
n1 = 1 + 0,02(Ttb 20)
(7-62)
Trong :
Ttb Nhit trung bnh ca nc thi trong thng ma h (oC);

n2 H s xt ti quan h gia tc ho tan ca xy vo hn hp
nc v bn vi tc ho tan ca xy trong nc sch ly nh sau:
+ i vi nc thi sinh hot, n2 ly bng 0,85.
Khi trong nc thi sinh hot c cc cht hot ng b mt, tu theo gi

tr f/F ly n2 theo bng 7-28.
Bng 7-28
f/F
n2
0,05
0,50
0,1
0,59
0,2
0,04
0,2
0,66
0,4
0,72
0,5
0,77
0,75
0,88
1
0,99
68
TCXDVN-51:2008
i vi nc thi sn xut ly theo s liu nghin cu thc nghim. Nu

khng c cc s liu ny cho php ly n2 bng 0,7.
Cp - ho tan ca oxy khng kh trong nc (mg/l) xc nh theo cng
thc:
h
CT (10,3 + )
2
Cp=
10,3
(7-63)
Trong :
CT - ho tan ca xy khng kh vo nc ph thuc vo nhit
v p sut, ly theo bng tnh ho tan ca xy khng kh trong
nc.
C Nng trung bnh ca xy trong aeroten (mg/l) ly bng 2
mg/l.
Din tch vng c cp kh ly theo din tch b tr ca cc thit b phn phi
kh.
i vi thit b phn phi kh bt nh, nu khong cch gia 2 thit b n 0,3
m th phn din tch mt thong gia cc thit b c ly vo din tch vng
c thi kh.
Theo gi tr D v t tm c, xc nh cng sc kh J (m3/m2.h) theo cng
thc:
J=
DH
t
(7-64)
Trong :
H Chiu su lm vic ca aeroten. Nu cng sc kh tnh c
ln hn tr s Jmax, xc nh theo gi tr K1 ly th phi tng thm
din tch vng c thi kh, nu nh hn Jmin xc nh theo gi tr
K2 ly th phi tng thm lu lng khng kh t c tr s
Jmin.
7.136
Cc ngn aeroten v ngn phc ti sinh bn thng thit k theo dng hnh
ch nht.
7.137
i vi cc aeroten c ti sinh bn, quy nh:

S lng n nguyn khng nh hn 2. i vi cc trm c cng sut nh
hn 50.000 m3/ngy, s n nguyn ly 4 - 6. i vi cc trm c cng sut
ln hn 50.000m3/ngy, ly bng 8 - 10 vi tt c cc n nguyn u lm
vic.
Chiu su lm vic phi ly t 3 - 6 m.
T s gia chiu rng v chiu su lm vic ca mi hnh lang t 1:1 n 1:2.
7.138
i vi h thng cp khng kh bng my thi kh cho php s dng cc loi

vt liu trong thit b phn phi kh nh sau:
- i vi cc thit b phn phi kh bt ,nh dng vt liu xp (gm tm xp,
a v ng bc mng khuch tn) v cc loi vi tng hp.
69
TCXDVN-51:2008
- i vi cc thit b phn phi kh bt c trung bnh dng ng c khe h hoc

khoan l.
- i vi thit b to bt kh ln cc ng h 1 u.
Nu c iu kin cho php s dng cc my cp kh c hc dng my khuy.
7.139 Cc loi thit b cp kh thuc h thng kh nn thng b tr thnh tng di,
tng hng khuych tn kh ring hay tng dn. S lng thit b phn phi kh
trong cc ngn ti sinh bn v na u hnh lang aeroten - Ny (theo chiu
di b) nn ly gp i so vi na cn li.
7.140
Chiu su t thit b phn phi kh trong aeroten nn ly:

0,5 1m khi dng h thng cp kh p lc thp.
3 6m khi dng cc h cp kh khc, ph thuc chiu su b.
7.141
Tr s tn tht p lc tnh ton trong cc thit b cp kh bng kh nn, c xt

ti h s tng sc cn theo thi gian s dng, nn ly:
- i vi cc thit b cp kh bt nh, khng qu 0,7m ct nc.
- i vi thit b cp kh bt trung bnh, t su trong nc trn 0,3 m ly
0,15m ct nc.
- Trong cc h thng cp kh p lc thp khi vn tc khng kh ra khi l t 5
10 m/s ly bng 0,015 0,05m ct nc.
7.142
Trong cc aeroten phi c h thng thit b x cn b v b phn x nc khi

thit b np kh.
Trng hp cn thit, cn c thit b ph bt bng cch phun nc hoc bng
ho cht, cng phun nc xc nh bng thc nghim.
B aeroten thi kh ko di
7.143 Dng aeroten thi kh ko di xy ha hon ton cc cht hu c trong nc

thi bng phng php sinh hc hiu kh. Thi gian thi kh trong b aeroten
xy ha hon ton t (h) xc nh theo cng thc:
t=
La Lt
a(1 Tr )
(7-65)
y chn tc xy ha trung bnh theo BOD5 l 6 mg/g.h, liu lng

bn a chn bng 3-4 g/l , tro ca bn Tr bng 0,35.
Lu lng ring ca khng kh chn theo cng thc (7-61), trong lu lng
ring ca xy tnh theo mg/mg BOD5 cn x l z ly l 1,25.
7.144
Cc cng trnh pha sau aeroten thi kh ko di xy sinh ha hon ton

cc cht hu c c thit k theo cc thng s sau:
Thi gian nc lu li trong vng lng ca b lng t hai vi lu lng

ln nht khng di 1,5h.
Lng bn hot tnh d chn bng 0,35 kg trn 1 kg BOD5. Vic x bn

hot tnh d cho php thc hin nh i vi b lng cng nh t b
aeroten khi liu lng bn t ti 5 - 6 g/l.
Nm bn x t b lng l 98% v t aeroten l 99,4%.
70
TCXDVN-51:2008
Ti trng bn ti sn phi bn chn nh i vi bn ln men m.
Mng xy ha
7.145
Mng xy ha hot ng theo nguyn l bn hot tnh, c dng x l

nc thi bc hai hay bc ba. Thi gian thi kh trong mng cng tnh theo
cng thc (7-65) vi tc xy ha trung bnh theo BOD5 l 6mg/g.h.
7.146
Chn hnh dng trn mt bng ca mng xy ha tun hon theo kiu van,
su 1-1,5 m, lng bn hot tnh d l 0,4-0,5 kg/kg BOD5, lng khng kh
n v z l 1,25-1,45 mg/1 mg BOD5 cn x l.
7.147
Thc hin lm thong trong knh xy ha tun hon bng thit b c kh nh

my khuy trc ng hoc trc ngang, gung quay,... t on knh thng.
Ty thuc cng sut theo xy v tc nc trong knh m kch thc v cc
thng s lm vic ca cc thit b lm thong c chn theo Catalog,
7.148
Vn tc dng chy trong knh xy ha tun hon V, (m/s) to ra do thit b

lm thong c xc nh theo cng thc:
J ala
V =
n
R
2
3
4
L + 0,05 )
(7- 66)
Trong :
Ja - Xung p ca my khuy/ gung, chn theo catalog my;
la - Chiu di my khuy/ gung (m);
- Din tch tit din ngang ca knh (m2);
n - H s nhm mt knh. i vi tng b tng, n1= 0,014
R - Bn knh thy lc ca knh (m)
L Chiu di knh, m
- Tng tn tht cc b (m). i vi knh van, = 0,5m.
Chiu di ca my khuy/ gung la chn khng nh hn chiu rng ca y
knh.
7.149
Thit k mng xy ha nn ly:

-Kiu mng c hnh van.
-Chiu su mng khong 1,0 2,0m.
-S lng bn hot tnh d 0,5kg cho 1 kg BOD5.
7.149
Hn hp nc thi v bn hot tnh t chy t knh xy ha tun hon sang

b lng t hai. Thi gian nc lu li trong b lng t hai chn bng 1,5h
theo lu lng ln nht. Bn tun hon t b lng hai c dn lin tc v
knh. Bn hot tnh d c dn ra sn phi bn theo nh k. Sn phi bn
c tnh theo ti trng bn ln men.
B nn bn
7.150
B nn bn nn dng cc kiu b nn bn ng, b nn bn ly tm; t nht c

hai b lm vic ng thi.
Ghi ch:
71
TCXDVN-51:2008
B nn bn thng c dng nn bn hot tnh b lng t hai cng nh hn

hp bn t b Aeroten.
7.151
i vi b nn bn kiu ly tm nn ly:
- T l gia ng knh vi chiu su nn ly 6 7
- C my bm bn hoc co bn x bn ra khi b.
- X lin tc bn c nn bng p lc thu tnh khng c nh hn 1m.
- X nc tch ra trong qu trnh nn vo Aeroten hoc vo b iu ha.
7.152
Cc s liu tnh ton b nn bn ly theo bng 7-29.
Bng 7-29
S liu tnh ton b nn bn
Vn tc dng chy
Nm bn
Thi gian nn
vng lng trong b nn
hot tnh
(h)
bn ng (mm/s)
c nn (%)
Kiu nn bn
ng ly tm
ng
ly tm
Tnh cht bn hot tnh d
Bn hot tnh t cc aeroten

lm sch sinh hc hon ton.
- Hn hp bn t cc
Aeroten vi nng 1,5 3
g/l.
- Bn hot tnh t cc b
lng t hai vi nng 4 g/l
- Bn hot tnh t vng
lng trong cc Aeroten lng
vi nng 4,5 6,5 g/l
- Hn hp bn t cc
Aeroten lm sch sinh hc
khng hon ton vi nng
1,5 - 2,5 g/l
97,3
5-8
98
97,3
10-12
9-11
khng ln hn 0,1
98
97
16
12-15
95
95
khng qu 0,2
Ghi ch:
1- Thi gian nn bn hot tnh d cho php thay i ph thuc vo tnh cht ca bn.
2- Tnh ton ng dn v my bm bm bn nn cn kim tra i vi vic x v
bm bn khi m bn n 98,5%.
Ti trng thy lc b nn bn qo (m3/m2.h) i vi bn d t cc b xyten

hay aeroten kt hp lng hai lm vic theo ch b lng trong c tng cn l
lng ty thuc cc thng s aI theo iu 7.56 v phi chn theo bng 7-30.
7.153
Bng 7-30
7.154
aIi
100
200
300
400
500
600
qo (m3/m2.h)
5,6
3,3
1,8
1,2
0,8
0,7
Tnh ton b tuyn ni lm c bn ty thuc mc lm trong v theo

hm lng cht l lng trong hn hp bn nu bng 7-31.
Bng 7-31
Thng s
Hm lng cht l lng (mg/l)

15
10
5
72
TCXDVN-51:2008
Thi gian tuyn ni (pht)

Lu lng ring ca khng kh (l/kg cht l
lng)
40
4
50
6
60
9
p lc trong b p lc phi chn bng 0,6 - 0,9 MPa (6 - 9 Kg/cm2) , thi gian
bo ha 3-4 pht.
Trung ha nc thi
7.154
Nc thi khi a v x l sinh hc phi c pH t 6,5 n 8,5 v khi x ra

ngun tip nhn phi c pH t 6 n 9. Nu pH nm ngoi gi tr ny th nc
thI cn phi trung ha.
a. trung ha nc thi trc tin phi xt kh nng t trung ha gia cc
loi nc thi cha axit v nc thi cha kim. Ch khi khng tn dng
c cc kh nng trn y th mi cho php s dng cc ho cht trung
ha cc loi nc thi.
b. Liu lng ho cht trung ha nc thi xc nh t iu kin trung ha
v thnh phn cc cht axit hay kim nh hm lng cc kim loi nng c
trong nc thi. Lng ho cht phi tnh d ra 10% so vi lng tnh
ton.
Ghi ch:
Khi xc nh liu lng ho cht phi xt ti nh hng qua li gia axit v kim
cng nh lng kim d tr trong nc thi sinh hot v nc sng, h.
c. Ha cht trung ha nc thi cha axit ph hp nht l vi ti dng

xit canxi hot tnh 5%. Cng c th tn dng cc loi kim thi (xt hay
kali hydroxit). Ngoi ra c th cho nc thi cha axit sunfuric lc qua lp
vt liu l vi hay lmit.
d. to axit cho nc thi v trung ha nc thi cha kim nn dng
axit sunfuric k thut.
e. tch cn phi dng b lng vi thi gian lng l 2h.
f. Cn lng tch ra c th phi kh sn phi hay tch nc bng thit b p
lc kiu bng ti hay lc chn khng.
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php keo t
7.155
Gii php keo t bng ha cht c p dng tng cng qu trnh tch cc
cht phn tn th, cc cht dng keo hay nhng cht tan c kh nng kt ta
trong qu trnh x l ha l cng nh kh c nc thi cha crm hay
xianua.
Trong trng hp b sung cc cht dinh dng khi x l bng phng php
sinh hc th cng phi c cc thit b tng ng.
7.156
Ha cht keo t thng dng l mui nhm, mui st v vi. Cc cht ph tr

keo t l cc polyme hu c tan trong nc dng khng phn ly hay phn ly
(anion, cation).
7.157
Loi ha cht keo t v liu lng ca n c la chn trn c s nghin cu

th nghim, ty thuc tnh cht ca cht nhim, mc x l cn thit v
cc iu kin khc ca a phng.
73
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.158
Khi x l nc thi bng cc loi ha cht keo t phi ch m bo gi tr

pH ti u. Vi nc thi th pH di 7 th chn phn nhm, pH trn 7 th
dng phn st. Vic chuNn b ha cht keo t v trn dung dch phn vi nc
x l c thc hin nh trong x l nc cp.
7.159
Cho php trn ha cht keo t vi nc thi bng my khuy hoc trn ng
Ny ca my bm nc thi.
7.160
Nu keo t bng mui st dng rn th dng b trn vi sc kh, b lng ct

thi kh, b lm thong s b. Nhng cng trnh ny s m bo chuyn dung
dch hydroxit st hai thnh hydroxit st ba. Thi gian nc lu li trong b
trn l 7 pht, cng sc kh l 0,7 - 0,8 m3/m3 nc thi cn x l trong 1
pht, chiu su b trn chn 2 - 2,5m.
7.161
Trong b phn ng c th khuy trn c kh hay thy lc. Nn chn b to

bng gm nhiu hnh lang vi cng khuy trn gim dn.
7.162
Thi gian nc lu li trong b phn ng chn l 10 - 15 pht i vi phn v

20 - 30 pht i vi cht ph tr keo t khi dng lng tch cn keo t.
Khi dng tuyn ni x l th chn l 3 - 5 pht i vi phn, 10 - 20 pht
i vi cht tr keo.
7.163
Cng khuy trn nc thi vi ha cht keo t trong b trn v b phn

ng c chn, theo gi tr gradient tc trung bnh (s-1):
- i vi b trn ha cht keo t l 200s-1, i vi b trn cht tr keo l 300500s-1,
- i vi b phn ng phn v tr keo: khi lng l 20 - 50 s-1 v khi tuyn ni
l 50 - 75 s-1 .
7.164
tch cn keo t khi nc thi, dng cc loi b lng, b tuyn ni, my

quay ly tm hoc lc qua vt liu lc.
xy ha- kh nc thi
7.165
kh c nc thi cha xianua n gin v xianua phc hp vi km,

ng, nicken, cadmi, phi dng phng php xy ha bng cc loi ha cht
cha clo hot tnh nh clorua vi, hypoclorit natri hay natri, clo lng vi gi tr
pH bng 11-11,5. Sau khi x l bng clo hot tnh phi thc hin trung ha li
cho ti pH bng 8 - 8,5.
7.166
Liu lng clo hot tnh chn theo tnh ton vi t l 2,73 mg/1mg xianua n
gin ca mui km, nicken, cadmi vi axit mnh v 3,18 mg/1mg xianua phc
hp vi ng vi lng d khng di 5mg/l.
7.167
Nng dung dch cng tc ca cht oxy ho phi m bo 5 - 10% theo clo
hot tnh.
7.168
x l nc thi cha xianua phi xy dng trm hot ng gin on vi

s ngn phn ng khng di 2. Thi gian tip xc gia nc thi v ha cht
l 5 pht khi xy ha xianua n gin, 15 pht khi xy ha xianua phc hp.
7.169
Th tch cn Nm 98% sau khi lng 2 h s bng 5% dung tch nc thi cn

x l.
74
TCXDVN-51:2008
Khi b sung poliacrylamid (PAA) vi liu lng 20mg/l dung dch 0,1% th
thi gian lng c th rt ngn ch cn 20 pht.
7.170
kh c nc thi cha crm phi dng cht kh natri bisunphit hay

sunphat vi pH l 2,5-3. Liu lng natri bisunphit phi l 7,5 mg/ mg Cr+6 vi
nng crm l 100 mg/l v 5,5 mg/mg Cr+6 khi nng crm trn 100 mg/l.
Trc khi dn nc thi kh c qua lng phi trung ha bng vi sa cho
ti pH l 8,5 - 9.
B sung cht dinh dng cho qu trnh x l sinh hc nc thi
7.171
Nn chn cc cht sau y b sung cht dinh dng cha nit v pht pho
cho qu trnh x l sinh hc nc thi:
- Cc cht cha phtpho l superphosphat hay axit ortophosphoric;
- Cc cht cha nit l amoni sunphat, nc amonic,...;
- Cc mui ng thi cha nit v phtpho l diamoniphtpht k thut,
ammophos,
7.172
Nng dung dch cng tc chn l 5% theo P2O5 v ti 15% theo N.

Cng trnh x l nc thi bng hp ph
7.173
x l trit nc thi khi cc cht bNn hu c ha tan bng phng php

hp ph, ngi ta dng cht hp ph l than hot tnh dng ht hay dng bt,
trong b lc hp ph lp vt liu c hoc trong thp hp ph tng si. Liu
lng than hot tnh x l nc thi phi xc nh bng thc nghim.
7.174
Cu to b lc hp ph c th l h, khng p hay c p vi lp than dng ht,

kch thc 0,8 - 5mm.
7.175
Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi vo b lc hp ph khng c qu 5

mg/l.
7.176
Din tch b mt b lc hp ph Fads ( m2 ), xc nh theo cng thc :

Fads = qV / v
(7-67 )
Trong :
qV - Lu lng trung bnh gi ca nc thi (m3/h);
v Vn tc dng chy chn khng qu 12 m/h
Khi tch mt b khng lm vic th tc lc nhng b cn li khng c
tng qu 20%.
7.177
S b lc hp ph lm vic ni tip Nads c tnh ton theo cng thc:

Nads = Htot / Hads
(7-68)
Trong :
Hads - Chiu cao lp vt liu lc hp ph ca mt b ( m), chn
theo cu to;
Htot - Chiu cao tng cng tt c lp hp ph (m) ca cc b, xc
nh theo cng thc:
Htot
= H1 + H2 + H3
(7-69)
75
TCXDVN-51:2008
H1 - Chiu cao ca lp hp ph (m), trong sau chu k hp ph

tads kh nng hp ph ca lp vt liu b mt tc dng ti mc K,
c xc nh theo cng thc:
Dsbmin qv t ads
H1 =
Fads sb
(7-70)
Trong :
sb - Trng lng ring ca than hot tnh (g/m3), chn theo
catalog ca hng sn xut;
Dsbmin -liu lng nh nht ca than hot tnh (g/l), ly ra khi b
lc vi h s mt tc dng ca dung tch Ksb v c xc nh theo
cng thc :
Dsbmin =
C a Ct
K sb a sbmax
(7-71)
Trong :
Ca , Ct - nng cht bNn trc v sau khi x l (mg/l) ,
asbmax - Kh nng hp ph ln nht ca than hot tnh (mg/l), xc
nh bng thc nghim,
Ksb - Chn bng 0,6-0,8
H2 - Chiu cao lp vt liu hp ph m bo cng tc ca trm
cho ti khi t nng ra Ct trong khong thi gian tads, chn theo
iu kin vn hnh v xc nh theo cng thc:
Dsbmax q v t ads
H2 =
Fads sb
(7-72)
Dsbmax - Liu lng ln nht ca than hot tnh (g/l), xc nh theo

cng thc:
Dsbmax = (Ca - Ct )/ asbmin
(7-73)
asbmin - Kh nng hp ph nh nht ca than hot tnh (mg/l), xc

nh bng thc nghim.
H3 - Lp hp ph d phng (m), c tnh theo thi gian hot
ng ca h thng x l trong khong thi gian vt ti v a
lp vt liu hp ph chiu cao H1 i hon nguyn .
7.178
Tn tht p lc lp than vi c ht 0,8 - 5mm chn khng qu 0,5m/1m lp

vt liu lc.
7.179
Than hot tnh vi n tng i ca lp vt liu l 20 25%c ly khi

b lc hp ph bng cch dng bm ht, thit b nng thy lc hoc eject nh
dng nc hng ln vi vn tc 40 - 45m/h.
76
TCXDVN-51:2008
Trong cc b lc hp ph c p cho php ly than ra di p lc 0,3 MPa

(3kG/cm2).
7.180
Nc thi chy vo thp hp ph tng si khng c cha nng cht l

lng vt qu 1 g/l, vi ln thy lc cc ht cn khng qu 0,3 mm/s.
Nhng cht l lng v nhng ht than nh tri khi thp phi c tch ra sau
cc thit b hp ph.
7.181
Cc vt liu hp ph khi np vo thp hp ph tng si vi dung trng vt

qu 0,7 T/m3 cho php nh lng dng t hay kh, nu dung trng di
0,7 T/m3 th ch nh lng dng t.
7.182
Theo chiu cao ca thp hp ph c 0,5 - 1m phi t cc li ngn cch vi

ng knh l 10 - 20mm v t l l 10 - 15% din tch tit din. S ngn ti
u l 3 - 4.
7.183 Vn tc dng nc hng ln chn bng 30 - 40m/h vi kch thc cc ht 12,5mm i vi than hot tnh v 10-20m/h i vi than kch thc ht 0,251mm.
7.184
Tt c vt liu kt cu ca thp hp ph, ng ng, ph kin, cn c bo

v trnh b n mn.
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php trao i ion
7.185
Cc b trao i ion c s dng x l trit nc thi, loi b nhng hp

cht khong v hu c phn ly thnh ion, cng nh kh mui vi mc tiu
dng li nc thi trong h thng cp nc tun hon v tn thu cc cht qu.
7.186
Nc thi dn vo b khng c cha hm lng mui vt qu 3000 mg/l,

cht l lng khng qu 8 mg/l v COD khng qu 8 mg/l.
Nu trong nc thi cha cc cht l lng, COD vt qu cc gi tr trn th
phi x l s b trc khi dn vo b.
7.187
Tnh ton thit k b trao i ion theo cc hng dn nu trong Tiu chuNn xy
dng Vit Nam TCXDVN 33:2006- Cp nc- Mng li bn ngoi v cng
trnh Tiu chuNn thit k.
B Mtan
7.188
B Mtan p dng n nh bn cn nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn

xut trong iu kin ym kh v thu hi kh mtan.
Cho php a vo b cc cht hu c khc nhau nh rc t song chn, cc loi
ph liu c ngun gc hu c ca cc x nghip cng nghip,sau khi
nghin nh.
7.189
phn hu bn cn trong cc b mtan c th p dng qu trnh ln men m

(nhit ln men t = 330C) hoc ln men nng (t = 530C). La chn qu trnh
no phi trn c s so snh kinh t k thut c ch cc phng php x l
tip theo v cc yu cu v sinh khi s dng bn cn.
7.190
Xc nh th tch b mtan W theo Nm thc t ca bn cn v theo ti trng

bn cn ti cho php a v b trong ngy D (% ). i vi bn cn nc thi
sinh hot i lng D c th ly theo bng 7-32.
77
TCXDVN-51:2008
Bng 7-32
Ti trng bn cn ti a vo b mtan trong mt ngy D(%) vi Nm ca
cn p (%)
93
94
95
96
97
7
8
9
10
11
14
16
18
20
22
Ch
ln men
m
Nng
i vi bn cn ca nc thi sn xut D ly theo s liu thc nghim.

Khi trong nc thi c cht hot tnh b mt th i lng D cn phi ly theo
hng dn ca c quan nghin cu.
Th tch cng tc ca b mtan W(m3) xc nh theo cng thc sau y:
W=100 M/D
Trong :
7.191
(7-74)
M-Lng bn cn ti a v b mtan trong ngy (m3).
S phn hu cc cht hu c ca bn cn trong b mtan ph thuc vo ti

trng D v xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Y = a nD
(7-75)
Trong :
Y Kh nng phn hu cht hu c (%);
aKh nng ln men ti a ca cc cht hu c c trong cn a
vo b ph thuc thnh phn ho hc ca cc cht hu c trong
bn cn ti v xc nh theo cng thc:
a = (0,92m + 0,62 C + 0,34 A). 100%
(7-76)
Trong :
m, C, A Hm lng thnh phn tng ng m, ng v m
trong cht hu c bn cn ti (%). Nu s liu v thnh phn ni
trn khng c th c th ly gi tr ca n nh sau:
+ Cn ca b lng t mt, a = 53%;
+ Bn hot tnh d , a = 44%;
+ Hn hp bn hot tnh d v cn xc nh theo t l trung bnh
cng ca cc thnh phn cht hu c ca hn hp.
n H s ph thuc vo Nm ca bn cn ti, ly theo bng 733.
Bng 7-33
Nhit ln Gi tr ca h s n vi Nm ca cn a vo b p (%)
men (oC)
93
94
95
96
97
33
1,05
0,89
0,72
0,056
0,40
53
0,455
0,385
0,31
0,24
0,17
78
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.192
Lng kh to thnh trong qu trnh phn hy cht hu c trong b mtan G

(m3kh /kg cht kh khng tro ca bn cn ti), xc nh theo cng thc sau
y:
G= Y/100
7.193
(7-77)
Khi thit k b mtan cn ch n cng tc phng n v phi theo nhng

hng dn ca c quan chuyn mn.
Cc cng trnh lm kh bn cn
7.194
lm kh bn cn c th p dng cc loi cng trnh sau y.

- Sn phi bn trn nn t t nhin p dng khi mc nc ngm nm su
(trn 1,5 m so vi mt nn) v khi cho php nc bn thm vo trong t;
- Sn phi phi bn kiu lng v sn phi kiu nn bn nn nhn to, p dng
khi khng din tch lm sn phi trn nn t t nhin;
- Lm kh bng cc thit b c kh (d khc phc cc nh hng ca t nhin
nh ma nhiu, Nm khng kh cao,...);
- S dng bi lc c hoc khng trng cy.
Ghi ch:
khc phc nh hng ca ma, c th p dng kiu sn phi bn c mi che, trn
c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut vi cc phng n khc.
7.195
Vic tnh ton v thit k sn phi bn v cc thit b lm kh khc theo s

hng dn ca cc c quan chuyn mn.
Kh trng nc thi
7.196
Nc thi sinh hot hoc hn hp nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn xut,

sau khi x l u phi kh trng trc khi x vo ngun tip nhn.
Ghi ch:
1. Trng hp kt hp x l sinh hc nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn xut, th
cho php ch kh trng i vi nc thi sinh hot sau khi x l c hc.
2. Trng hp x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin
(h sinh hc, bi lc ngp nc,) th khng cn phi kh trng.
7.197
kh trng c th dng clo lng, clorua vi, natri hypclorid iu ch bng

in phn hoc ozn sn xut ti ch.
7.198
Liu lng clo hot tnh quy nh nh sau:

- Nc thi sau x l c hc l 10g/m3.
- Nc thi sau khi x l sinh hc hon ton l 3g/m3.
- Nc thi sau khi x l sinh hc khng hon ton l 5g/m3.
Ghi ch:
1. Liu lng clo hot tnh s iu chnh trong qu trnh qun l m bo liu
lng clo trong nc sau b tip xc khng nh hn 1,5mg/l.
2. Thit b clo ca trm x l phi m bao kh nng tng liu lng clo ln 1,5
ln.
7.199
xo trn ha cht kh trng vi nc thi c th p dng cc loi mng

trn khc nhau.
79
TCXDVN-51:2008
7.200
Qu trnh kh trng nc thi din ra trong b tip xc, thit k ging kiu b
lng t mt, nhng khng c thit b co cn vi s b khng nh hn 2.
Thi gian tip xc ca ha cht kh trng vi nc thi trong b tip xc,
mng v cng dn khng nh hn 30 pht.
7.201
Lng bn cn lng trong b tip xc khi dng clo lng kh trng, tnh cho
mt ngi trong mt ngy nh sau:
- i vi trm x l bng c hc l 0,02 lt.
- i vi trm x l bng sinh hc hon ton trong aeroten l 0,03 lt.
- i vi trm x l dng b lc sinh hc l 0,05 lt.
Khi dng clo rua vi kh trng hm lng cn lng tng gp i.
7.202
Thit k h thng chuNn b v kho cha clo theo theo cc hng dn nu trong
Tiu chuNn xy dng Vit Nam TCXDVN 33:2006- Cp nc- Mng li
bn ngoi v cng trnh Tiu chuNn thit k.
80
TCXDVN-51:2008
8.
THIT K H THNG THOT NC KHU VC NH, H THNG

THOT NC CHUNG V H THNG THOT NC NA RING
Thit k h thng thot nc khu vc nh

8.1
H thng thot nc khu vc nh bao gm mng li v cng trnh x l nc

thi cho nhng ngi nh xy dng ring l, mt bnh vin, trng hc, mt
nhm nh hoc khu nh xy ng trong khu vc cha c h thng thot nc
th.
Cng sut x l nc thi i vi khu vc nh thng khng qu 1500m3/ngy.
8.2
La chn s mng li thot nc, phng php x l nc thi, v tr xy

dng trm bm v cng trnh x l phi thun li cho vic xy dng trc mt
v cn ch n quy hoch chung ca th khi c h thng thot nc
chung ca th th cng trnh vn c s dng hoc ch ci to mc t
nht.
8.3
Tu theo tnh cht xy dng v s lng nc thi chn s h thng cho

thch hp. Ni chung i vi khu nh thp tng hoc t l nh thp tng trn
70% th nn p dng s h thng thot nc chung hoc h thng thot
nc gin lc.
8.4
H thng thot nc gin lc l s thu gom chi ph thp, s dng cc

tuyn
cng xuyn tiu khu, i qua sn sau hay vn.
su chn cng nh hn hoc bng 0,5m.
ng knh cng nh nht cho php l 100mm, dc ti thiu 1/200.
y ca dng chy h/D = 0,2 0,8.
Lu lng nc thi tnh ton ca h thng thot nc gin lc qmax (l/s), xc
nh nh sau:
Trong :
qmax = 1,8 x 10-5 PW
(8-1)
P - S ngi m on cng phc v;

W - Lng nc tiu th trung bnh ngy (l/ngi.ngy).
Lu lng ti thiu xp x bng lu lng ln nht khi di nc nh v sinh,
c th ly gi tr ny bng 1,5 - 2,2 l/s.
Ging thm l nhng ging kim tra n gin hay ngn u ni hnh ch nht,
vung hay trn.
8.5
Phi trit tn dng iu kin a hnh, nghin cu gii php quy hoch hp
l c th a nc ti cng trnh x l bng ng ng t chy. Trong
trng hp cn thit phi c trm bm th c gng b tr trm bm sau b t
hoi (hoc sau b lng t mt).
8.6
Nu s h thng thot nc ring hon ton nhng trong t u phi xy

dng kiu s thot nc chung th cc on ng nhnh t nh n ng
ng gp ca nhm nh cng phi thit k theo kiu ring hon ton khi c
iu kin tch thnh h thng ring mt cch thun li.
81
TCXDVN-51:2008
8.7
Cc cng trnh x l khu vc nh (x l ti ch hay x l cc b) c th p

dng:
- B t hoi cc loi ;
- B lng hai v;
- Ging thm (khi lng nc thi khng qu 1m3/ngy);
- Bi lc ngm;
- Ho lc;
- Bi ti c trng cy;
- Bi lc ngm cc loi c trng cy;
- B lc bng ct (khi cng sut khng qu 15m3/ngy);
- H sinh hc: Hiu kh, k kh hay ty tin;
- Mng xy ha;
- B lc sinh hc;
- Thp lc sinh hc (khi cng sut trn 100m3/ngy);
- B Aeroten vi bn hot tnh;
- Cc cng trnh khc c chp nhn p dng.
Ghi ch:
1.Khi la chn cng trnh x l th trc tin nn xt n vic p dng h sinh hc v
cc cng trnh khc.
2.Bi lc ngm, ho lc v ging thm ch p dng cho mt vi ngi nh xy

dng ring l, cc khu vc ngoi thnh v nng thn v nhng ni c mt
dn c thp, khng c p dng lan trn trong th. c bit trn trng khi
p dng i vi cc khu vc c ging khai thc nc ngm.
3. Khi thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc (b
lc sinh hc, bi ti, h sinh hc) cn theo cc quy nh v x l nc thi
bng sinh hc.
4.Ch p dng h thng x l nc thi ti ch cho ngi nh hoc cng trnh xy
dng ring l, khng c p dng trn lan trong th. c bit vi cc khu vc c
ging khoan nc ngm th chng nhng khng c xy dng mi m cn phi c
bin php ngng s dng cc cng trnhx l ti ch hin c.
8.8
Tnh ton thit k cc loi b t hoi theo hng dn ca quy chuNn xy dng
Vit Nam H thng cp thot nc trong nh v cng trnh hoc theo tiu
chuNn xy dng TCXDVN :2007 B t hoi Tiu chuNn thit k.
Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi khu vc nh khc theo cc
hng dn mc 7 tiu chuNn ny hoc theo tiu chuNn xy dng TCXDVN
:2007 Cc cng trnh x l nc thi ti ch Tiu chuNn thit k.
8.9
X l nc thi nh tm git c cha x phng v kim cn phi trn vi nc

thi theo t l 1 : 1. Mun duy tr t l cn thit ny c th xy dng b iu
ho c thit b x cn.
Cn phi x l nc thi cha cc hp cht c bit trc khi cho vo b t
hoi hoc b lng hai v.
8.10
Khi a nc thi vo cng trnh x l bng my bm th tnh ton cng trnh

x l theo cng sut lm vic ca my bm.
Lu lng tnh ton chn my bm hoc tnh ton thit k cng trnh dn v
cng trnh x l nc thi xc nh theo cng thc sau:
82
TCXDVN-51:2008
Qmax-gi =
Qmax ngay
(8-2)
Trong :
Qmax-gi Lu lng gi ln nht;
Qmax-ngy lu lng ngy ln nht;
n H s ly nh sau:
Khi s ngi s dng trn 3000
Khi s ngi s dng trn 1500 3000
Khi s ngi s dng di 1500
n = 14
n = 12
n = 10
Ghi ch:
Khi mng li thot nc c xy dng trong t khng c nc ngm th tiu
chun thi nc ch nn tnh bng 70 80% tiu chun cp nc tng ng vi tng
i tng.
8.11
Kh trng nc thi theo quy nh cc iu 7.196- 7.202 ca Tiu chuNn ny.

i vi nc thi ca cc bnh vin hoc nc thi ca cc cng trnh khc
cha nhiu vi trng gy bnh th cn phi c thit b kh trng hon chnh. i
vi nc thi sinh hot th tu theo s lng nc thi v iu kin c th m
xc nh cho thch hp.
Trong trng hp cn thit phi kh trng c th dng n tia cc tm cao p
thch anh hoc h p argon thu ngn. Nng lng dng kh trng dao ng
t 30-60W.h/m3 vi ngun in th 110, 220, 380V.
c im thit k cc cng trnh x l ca h thng thot nc chung, ring
mt na.
8.12
Cc cng trnh v phng php x l nc thi ca h thng thot nc chung

v ring mt na cng ging nh i vi nc thi sinh hot.
8.13
Nng cc cht bNn ch yu trong nc ma nn xc nh trn c s phn

tch l ho hay bng cc tnh ton tng ng.
Khi xc nh nng nhim bn cn ch cc im sau y:
- Lng ma trung bnh vo cc ma trong nm vi s liu quan trc nhiu
nm ;
- Tnh cht mt ph ca lu vc thot nc ;
- iu kin v sinh mi trng khu vc ;
- i vi cc x nghip cng nghip nng nhim bNn ca nc ma phi b
sung thm s nhim bNn do cc cht thi cng nghip gy ra.
8.14
Lu lng nc ma ti cc cng trnh x l ca h thng thot nc chung

v ring mt na theo xc nh da vo h s pha long n cng x nc ma
xy dng trc cc cng trnh x l hay trm bm chnh.
8.15
Khi tnh ton cc cng trnh ring bit ca h thng thot nc chung v ring
mt na cn lu cc c im sau:
- Song chn rc v b lng ct nn tnh cho tng lu lng ca nc thi v
nc ma
- B lng ct c thit k c kh nng gi li cc ht ct c ng knh
tng ng 0,15 0,2mm, khi lng ct ly t 0,03 0,04 lt/ngi.ngy,
Nm 60%.
- B lng t mt v b lng hai v tnh theo lu lng ma ma.
83
TCXDVN-51:2008
- Cc cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc c tnh ton

theo lu lng nc thi v ma kh. V ma ma, mt phn hn hp nc
thi v nc ma c vn chuyn trc tip t b lng t mt v cng trnh
kh trng.
- Cc cng trnh x l cn (ngn cha bn ca b lng hai v, b mtan, sn
phi bn, ...) tnh theo khi lng cn to thnh khi c c nc ma. tnh
ton s b c th ly th tch cc cng trnh ny ln hn t 10 20% so vi tr
s tnh c theo lu lng ma kh.
- Cc ng ng, mng phn phi v thu nc trong trm x l tnh theo lu
lng tng v ly tng kh nng ti nc ln 20 25%.
- Khi lu lng nc ma a ti trm x l vi h s pha long 1 1,9 nn
xy dng b iu ho nc ma trn c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t k
thut.
84
TCXDVN-51:2008
9.
TRANG BN IN, KIM SOT CNG NGH, T NG HO V IU

KHIN
Ch dn chung
9.1
Bc tin cy cung cp in cho cc cng trnh tiu th in ca h thng thot

nc cn tun theo Quy phm t trang b in.
Bc tin cy cung cp in cho trm bm nc v trm cp kh cn ly ging
nh bc tin cy ca trm bm (theo mc 6 ca Tiu chuNn ny).
9.2
i vi nhng t my c chu k lm vic lu di (my bm, my thi kh) khi

khng cn iu chnh s vng quay nn dng ng c khng ng b, khi cn
iu chnh s vng quay bm lm vic theo tng cp dng ng c khng
ng b rto cun dy. Nu khp ni trt dng ng c khng ng b rto
lng sc.
9.3
in p ca ng c cn chn theo cng sut, s cung cp in v trin

vng tng cng sut t my, cn kiu ng c cn chn theo mi trng xung
quanh v c im ca ngi nh t thit b in.
9.4
i vi cng trnh lm vic trong mi trng bnh thng, thit b phn phi
in, trm bin p v t iu khin cn t trong nhng bung k bn gian my
c tnh n kh nng tng cng sut ca chng. Cho php t thit b phn phi
in, trm bin p cc v tr ring bit.
9.5
Vic phn loi bung d n cng nh nhng loi v nhm nh bung d n ly

theo Quy phm lp t trang b in.
9.6
H thng kim tra cng ngh cn c:

- Phng tin, dng c kim tra thng xuyn.
- Phng tin kim tra nh k ( hiu chnh v kim tra s hot ng ca
cng trnh ).
9.7
Vic kim tra cc thng s cng ngh cht lng nc cn c kim tra
thng xuyn bng cc dng c o, my phn tch v bng cc phng php
th nghim.
9.8
H thng iu khin cc qu trnh cng ngh v quy m, mc t ng ho

cc cng trnh cn c la chn theo iu kin qun l, lun c kinh t - k
thut, cng nh cn tnh n cc yu t c th v mt x hi quyt nh.
T ng ho, iu ho v kim tra o lng trm bm
9.9
Trm bm thit k lm vic na t ng c ngi qun l khng thng

xuyn, v vy thit k nhng dng iu khin sau:
- iu khin t ng t my bm ph thuc mc nc thi trong b cha.
- iu khin c khong cch t trm iu .
- iu khin ti ch c truyn tn hiu cn thit n trm iu .
9.10
Trm bm trang b nhng t my vi ng c in cao p cn c ngi qun l

thng xuyn. iu khin cn tin hnh tp trung t bng iu khin v nn s
dng b phn dn ng iu chnh.
B phn dn ng iu chnh bng in phc v vic iu chnh cn trang b
cho mt t my bm nm trong nhm t 2 - 3 t my cng tc.
85
TCXDVN-51:2008
Vic iu khin b phn dn ng iu chnh cn c t ng ho theo mc

nc trong h thu.
9.11
i vi trm bm t ng ho, cn thit k m t ng t my d phng khi

my bm cng tc b ngt do s c.
i vi trm bm iu khin t xa, vic m t ng t my bm d phng cn
c thc hin i vi trm bm c bc tin cy loi 1.
9.12
Khi trm bm b ngp do s c th cn thit k ngt t ng t my bm chnh.
9.13
Khi m my bm, theo quy nh, cc van trn ng ng p lc phi c

m. Vic m my bm khi cc van trn ng ng p lc cn ng phi tnh
n s nguy him ca hin tng nc va, iu kin khi ng ca ng c
ng b v cc yu t khc trong thc t.
9.14
Trong trm bm cn kim tra cc thng s cng ngh sau y:

Lu lng nc phi bm
Mc nc trong b cha
Mc nc trong h thu nc r r
p sut trong ng Ny
p sut trong ng ca tng my bm to ra
Nhit trc my
9.15
Trong trm bm cn phi c tn hiu bo trc s c ti ch. Khi khng c

ngi qun l thng xuyn cn c thm tn hiu b sung v trm iu hay
trm c ngi trc thng xuyn.
Ti cc trm bm cn t ng ho cc cng trnh h tr sau y:
- Ra li quay chn rc theo chng trnh nh trc (iu khin theo thi
gian hay theo chnh mc nc).
- Bm nc r r theo mc nc trong h thu.
- Chy qut thng gi theo nhit khng kh trong phng.
T ng ho, iu ho v kim tra o lng cng trnh x l
9.16
Khi lng cng vic t ng ho v kim tra cn xc nh trong tng trng

hp c th ph thuc vo cng sut ca tng hng mc cng trnh v lun c
kinh t - k thut.
9.17
Cn kim tra lu lng, nhit v khi cn, c pH nc thi a vo.
9.18
Trong b trung ho cn kim tra lu lng nc a vo v tr s pH hoc

nhng thng s khc theo yu cu cng ngh.
9.19
Trong Aeroten nn iu chnh khng kh a vo theo tr s xy ho tan trong

nc thi, cn kim tra lu lng hn hp bn, bn hot tnh, hm lng xy
ho tan, NH4+, NO3-, nhit v pH nc thi.
9.20
Trong b lc sinh hc cao ti nn kim tra lu lng v nhit nc a vo

v lu lng nc tun hon. Trong b lng t hai cn kim tra mc cn lng.
9.21
Trong b mtan cn kim tra nhit cn lng trong b, mc cn lng, lu

lng cn lng a vo lu lng v p lc hi v kh.
9.22
Trong clorat cn t ng ho nh lng clo theo lu lng nc thi cn lm

sch hay theo clo d trong nc thi, kim tra lu lng clo, tr s clo d trong
nc thi v nng kh clo trong khng kh bung sn xut.
86
TCXDVN-51:2008
9.23
Trong trm cp kh nn thc hin iu khin ti ch t my thi kh (ti gian

my) v iu khin c khong cch.
i vi t my thi kh nn kim tra nhit trc, p sut khng kh, p
sut nc lm lnh. i vi h thng bi trn trc nn kim tra nhit v
p sut du nhn.
9.24
Qu trnh trung ho nc thi b nhim axit v kim mnh khng c mui kim
loi nng (hoc cha nhng s lng t) cn t ng ho theo tr s pH nh
trc.
9.25
Qu trnh trung ho nc thi c cha axit mnh v mui ca kim loi nng
vi s lng ln nn t ng ho theo pH nc thi qua trn vi tnh dn
in ca nc ban u.
9.26
Qun l iu h thng thot nc cn m bo tnh tp trung v kim tra s

lm vic ca cng trnh .
9.27
Qun l iu vi h thng thot nc ln c khong cch gia cc cng

trnh ln, theo quy nh 2 cp t trm iu trung tm v trm iu cc
b. Bnh thng ch cn mt cp t trm iu trung tm.
9.28
Phi c lin lc trc tip gia trm iu v cc cng trnh c kim tra
cng nh gia trm thng trc v cc xng.
9.29
i vi cc cng trnh c kim tra, cn chuyn cc k hiu v s liu ti

trm iu m thiu chng khng th m bo qun l v kim tra s lm
vic ca cc cng trnh loi tr nhanh chng v phng nga s c c.
9.30
Nhng s liu o v tn hiu cn phi chuyn v trm iu

a.o lng:
Lu lng nc thi n cng trnh lm sch v x ra h ;
pH nc thi ;
Lng xy ho tan trong nc thi ;
Nhit nc thi ;
Tng lu lng khng kh a vo aeroten;
Nhit khng kh a vo aeroten;
Lu lng bn hot tnh a vo aeroten;
Lng bn hot tnh d;
Lu lng cn ti a vo mtan.
b.Tn hiu:
Ngt s c thit b ;
S ph hu qu trnh cng ngh ;
Gii hn mc nc thi v cn trong b cha;
Nng gii hn ca hi d n trong bung sn xut;
Nng hi clo gii hn trong phng ca trm clorat.
9.31
Bung iu cho php hp khi vi cc cng trnh cng ngh (Trm bm

khng kh, phng qun l, th nghim ... ).
Bung iu nn c cch m. Trong bung iu c cc b phn:
- Bung iu t t phn phi, bng iu khin v nhng phng tin lin
lc c ngi trc thng xuyn.
- Cc cng trnh ph (kho, xng sa cha, phng ngh, khu v sinh,...).
9.30
T ng ho quy trnh cng ngh x l nc thi cng nghip v khi lng

kim tra cn c chn theo s liu ca c quan nghin cu khoa hc.
87
TCXDVN-51:2008
10.
NHNG YU CU V CC GII PHP XY DNG V KT CU

CNG TRNH
Xy dng v kt cu
10.1
Quy hoch v xy dng cc cng trnh ca h thng thot nc phi ph hp

vi nhng yu cu cng ngh chung, nhng ch dn trong tiu chuNn thit k
quy hoch cc x nghip v nhng yu cu trong chng 13 ca tiu chuNn
TCXDVN 33 :2006 -Cp nc - Mng li ng ng v cng trnh - Tiu
chuNn thit k.
10.2
Khu t xy dng cng trnh lm sch ca h thng thot nc ca cc khu dn

c cng nh cc x nghip cng nghip nm trong phm vi t cng nghip
phi c hng ro bo v. Ring i vi bi thm c th khng cn hng ro.
10.3
Trong khu t xy dng c cng trnh lm sch, nhng ch khng xy dng

cng trnh cn trng c bo v. nng cao iu kin v sinh cho mi trng
theo chu vi ca khu t v khu cch ly cho php trng cy ly g v cy cng
nghip.
10.4
Thit k kt cu cc cng trnh thuc h thng thot nc phi tun th tiu

chuNn thit k cc cng trnh sn xut cc x nghip cng nghip, cc yu cu
trong chng 13 ca Tiu chuNn TCXDVN 33-2006 (Cp nc - Mng li
ng ng v cng trnh - Tiu chuNn thit k) v cc yu cu ca tiu chuNn
ny.
10.5
Khi thit k cc cng trnh ca h thng thot nc cn ch n cc yu cu

phng ho - c bit i vi cc loi nc thi sn xut c cha cc cht d
chy n.
10.6
Cc loi ng thot nc bng b tng ct thp thng, hoc b tng ct thp

ng sut trc phi c bng phng php li tm hoc phng php rung. Ch
c php c ng bng phng php th cng vi cc loi ng b tng c
ng knh < 300mm hoc nhng vng su, vng xa khng c ng vn
chuyn ng b tng c sn ti nh my. ng b tng ct thp thot nc c
bng phng php li tm hoc phng php rung phi c mc 300 tr ln.
10.7
Khi tnh ton kt cu v nn mng h thng dn nc v cng trnh x l nc

ma v nc thi phi hn ch ti a hin tng ln khng u. i vi cc
cng trnh x l nc ma, nc thi, tuyn cng trn, cng hp k c cc
cng trnh ph tr trn tuyn (H ga thu, h ga thm, trm bm, ging tch,
ca x v.v) ln u cho php ti a l 8cm.
10.8
Cc cng trnh sn xut n v khc nhau, c th hp khi li thnh mt cng

trnh chung p ng c yu cu cng ngh, iu kin v sinh v nhng yu
cu phng ho, hp l v mt quy hoch v kinh t k thut.
10.9
Trt lt bn trong cc nh sn xut, hnh chnh, qun l, th nghim v cc

phng khc ca cc nh ca h thng thot nc ly theo bng 10-1, cn nh
sinh hot ly theo yu cu trong tiu chuNn thit k nh ph tr v nh ca x
nghip cng nghip.
10.10
Tnh ton kt cu cc nh v cc cng trnh ca h thng thot nc phi tun

theo cc quy chuNn, quy trnh v cc quy nh v vt liu s dng, v ti trng
88
TCXDVN-51:2008
tc dng v tnh cht chu lc ca cng trnh, thi gian s dng, a im xy

dng, kh hu, nhit m Nh nc ban hnh.
10.11
Thit k chng xm thc cho cc kt cu xy dng ca cc ngi nh v cc

cng trnh thot nc cn tun theo cc quy nh trong tiu chuNn thit k
chng xm thc cho ngi nh v cng trnh.
Bng 10-1
Loi nh v phng
Thnh phn cng vic

Tng, thnh
Trn
Nn y
Trt va xi mng, nh
mu
Trt va XM
Trt va xi mng, nh
mu hoc sn mu
Trt va XM
Lt gch men
hoc lng va xi
mng
Lt gch men
Trt va xi mng, nh
3. Phng ho cht c
Nm cao, c cc b mu hoc sn mu
cha nc h
Trt va XM
Lt gch men
Trt va XM
Lt gch men
Cng trnh c tnh cht

sn xut:
1. Nh hoc gian nh
t song chn rc.
2. Phng ho cht c
Nm bnh thng
4. Kho ho cht kh
5. B lc sinh hc
Trt va tam hp qut

vi trng
Trt va XM, nh mu
6. Bung iu khin b
mtan
Thnh trt va XM,
- Ngn phn phi
nh mu
Tng trt va XM
- Trm bm
Lng va XM,
nh mu
Trt va XM
7. Clorato
- nh trn Tng trt va XM, p

gch men cao 1,0m k t
mt sn tr ln, pha trn
qut nc thu tinh hoc
sn mu
8. Kho clo
Tng trt va XM, trt

Trt va XM, qut
ngut gc k cc ch
lin kt vi tng, tng vi mu trng
vi sn, tng vi trn.
Trt va TH, qut
vi mu trng
Lng va XM,
nh mu
Lng va XM,
nh mu
Lt gch men
chng axit hay
lng va chng
axit
- nh trn -
9. Trm bm kh
- Gian my
Tng trt va XM
- Phng ph tr
(hoc qun l)
Tng trt va TH, qut

vi mu trng
Lng va XM
10. B lc
Thnh trt va XM,

nh mu
y lng va
XM, nh mu
Lt gch men
89
TCXDVN-51:2008
11. Trm bm
- Gian my
Phn trn mt t xy
gch trt va. Phn di
mt t bng b tng.
Mt ngoi trt va xi
mng, qut bi tum mt
trong trt va xi mng
- Phng ph trn b
cha
Tng c trt va, phn

chm bng b tng c
trt va xi mng nh
mu
Lng va ximng
Trt va xi mng
Thng gi
10.12
Khi thit k thng gi cho cc ngi nh v cng trnh ca h thng thot nc

phi tun theo nhng quy nh ca tiu chuNn ny, c xt n nhng yu cu
trong tiu chuNn thit k cc nh ph v cng trnh ph ca x nghip cng
nghip.
10.13
Trong nh hoc gian t song chn rc cn c thng gi Ny c 80% khng

kh t nhng mng kn v 20% t cc vng pha trn ca cc phng v
nhng ch ly rc ca my nghin rc.
10.14
trm bm nc thi sinh hot phi c ng thot gi ring bit cho gian my
v gian b cha cho php b tr thit b x chung khi c van mt chiu trn ng
dn gi, gian b cha v song chn rc. Trao i khng kh phi m bo lin
tc khng kh khi b nhim bNn cht c qu gii hn cho php.
10.15
gian my v b cha ca trm bm nc thi nu c kh c thot ra, ngoi

h thng thng gi lm vic thng xuyn nn c thit b truyn tn hiu ti
trung tm, iu khin o mc ca kh c v c thm h thng thng gi d
phng.
10.16 Trong cc ng hm t h thng thot nc, phi c h thng thng gi t

nhin, phi c h thng thng gi bng my hot ng thng gi trc khi
cho cng nhn xung hm.
Khi trong nc thi c cht c hoc cht n hoc c to nhit nhiu phi
thng gi bng my. S ln thay i khng kh xc nh theo tnh ton.
Thit b iu khin h thng thng gi bng my b tr ca ra vo ng
hm.
90
TCXDVN-51:2008
11.
MT S YU CU CN B SUNG I VI H THNG THOT NC

XY DNG NHNG KHU VC C BIT
Vng t ln st
11.1
Thit k h thng thot nc xy dng trong vng t ln phi tun theo tiu
chuNn thit k mng nh v cng trnh.
Khi thit k cng trnh c ng ng dn, nn phi x l thch hp m bo
c n nh v bn vng.
11.2
Khong cch gia nh, cng trnh v ng ng ly theo nhng yu cu trong

chng 14 ca tiu chuNn thit k cp nc.
11.3
ng chui qua tng (thnh) hoc mng cu l hoc t sau ng lng. Kch
thc l hoc ng lng phi ln hn kch thc ng chui. Dng vt liu n
hi xm kn khe h.
11.4
Sn phi bn phi t thp hn so vi cc cng trnh x l khc.

Khng c x nc thm ca sn phi bn vo trong t thuc phm vi khu
t xy dng.
Vng c ng t
11.5
Khi thit k h thng thot nc cho cc x nghip cng nghip v cc th

vng ng t phi c bin php ngn nga nc thi lm ngp khu vc xy
dng, lm bNn ngun nc ngm v nc mt do ng ng v cc cng trnh
lm sch b ph hoi. Trn mng li thot nc cn b tr cc ming x d
phng.
11.6
Nn p dng h sinh hc hoc bi thm lm sch nc thi.
11.7
Trm bm cng trnh t vng c ng t cp 7, cp 8 th ch ng ni vi

trm bm, cng trnh phi gii quyt theo lin kt mm trnh gy ng.
11.8
i vi mng li t chy vng ng t cp 7 - 8 th thit k phi dng ng

b tng c ct thp, khng c dng ng b tng khng c ct thp.
11.9
i vi ng ng chu p lc vng c ng t cp 6 tr ln khi thit k

cn p dng :
- i vi ng b tng ct thp, ly s hiu ca ng cao hn mt cp so vi
vng khng c ng t.
- ng gang khi p lc cng tc n 60 N/cm2, ng thp khi p lc cng tc t
90 N/cm2 tr ln.
11.10
Ni lin kt mm i ng b tng ct thp, ng gang chu p lc hoc khng

chu p lc vng c ng t.
11.12
Thit k nh v cng trnh thot nc vng c ng t cn tun theo tiu

chuNn thit k cng trnh trong vng c ng t v nhng yu cu ghi trong
TCXDVN 33:2006 - Cp nc - Mng li ng ng v cng trnh - Tiu
chuNn thit k.
91
TCXDVN-51:2008
12.
CC PH LC
Ph lc I.
IU KIN V SINH KHI X NC THI VO VC NC MT
1.1.
Cc quy nh chung
P1. Mc cn thit x l nc thi th trc khi x vo ngun nc mt phi

da vo cc iu kin sau y:
- Khi lng, thnh phn cht nhim v ch thi nc.
- Lu lng, cht lng nc, kh nng t lm sch v ch thu vn ca sng,
h.
- Tnh trng v mc ch s dng ngun nc trong thi gian thit k v trong
tng lai.
P2. Nc thi khi x vo cc ngun nc mt phi tnh n kh nng t lm sch ca
ngun v phi p ng hai iu kin sau y:
a. iu kin cn. Nc thi khng c lm nhim, gim cht lng nc s dng
h lu im x. Ti im ly nc gn nht pha h lu, nng cc cht nhim
trong hn hp nc ngun v nc thi khng c vt qu gi tr gii hn cho php
quy nh trong tiu chuNn mi trng TCVN 5942-1995 i vi cc loi ngun nc
mt theo mc ch s dng khc nhau (bng PL1-1).
Bng PL1-1. Nng gii hn ca cc cht trong dng hn hp nc thi th
v nc sng, h ti tit din tnh ton h lu cng x.
Ch tiu
pH
Hm lng cn l lng cho php tng khng
qu, mg/l
BOD5, khng ln hn, mg/l
COD, khng ln hn, mg/l
xy ho tan, khng nh hn, mg/l
N-NH4, khng ln hn, mg/l
Coliform, khng ln hn, MPN/100 ml
Ngun loi 1
6 n 8,5
1,0
Ngun loi 2
5,5 n 9
2,0
4
10
6
0,05
5000
25
35
2 hoc 6*
1
10000
Ghi ch: Ngun loi 1- cc sng, h v cc vc nc mt khc dng lm ngun cung cp

nc th cho h thng cp nc th, khu dn c hoc khu cng nghip.
Ngun loi 2- cc sng, h v vc nc mt s dng cho cc mc ch khc.
b. iu kin . Khi x vo vc nc mt, nc thi khng c lm nhim nc

ngay ti h lu cng x. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi Cx (mg/l) phi thp
hn gi tr gii hn cho php quy nh khi x vo cc vc nc mt trong tiu chuNn
TCVN 5945:2005 Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chuNn thi c tnh n cc h s lu
lng /dung tch ngun tip nhn nc thi Kq v h s theo lu lng nc thi Kf
theo Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi
trng, theo cng thc sau y.
92
TCXDVN-51:2008
Cx Ccp = CbxKqxKf
(PL1-1)
Trong :
Ccp- Nng gii hn cht nhim cho php x vo vc nc mt (mg/l):
Cb- Nng ti a cht nhim cho php x vo cc vc nc mt theo
quy nh ca tiu chuNn TCVN 5945:2005 (mg/l), xc nh theo bng PL12.;
Kq- H s lu lng / dung tch ca ngun tip nhn nc thi, xc nh theo
bng PL1-3 i vi vc nc sng v PL1-4 i vi vc nc h;
Kf- H s lu lng nc thi x ra ngun, xc nh theo bng PL1-5.
Bng PL1-2. Nng gii hn cho php ca mt s cht nhim trong nc thi
khi x vo cc vc nc mt khc nhau theo TCVN 5945:2005- Nc thi cng
nghip Tiu chun thi.
Ch tiu
pH
Hm lng cn l lng , mg/l
BOD5, mg/l
COD, mg/l
N-NH4, mg/l
Tng nit, mg/l
Tng phtpho
Coliform,MPN/100 ml
Ngun loi 1
6-9
50
30
50
5
15
4
3000
Ngun loi 2
5,5-9
100
50
80
10
30
6
5000
Bng PL1-3. Gi tr h s Kq ng vi lu lng dng chy ca sng tip nhn

nc thi
Lu lng trung bnh 3 thng ma kit ca dng
chy sng QS (m3/s)
QS 50 m3/s
50 m3/s < QS 200 m3/s
QS >200 m3/s
Gi tr Kq
0,9
1
1,1
Ghi ch: Trng hp cc knh, rch, sui nh khng c s liu v lu lng th Kq

ly bng 0,9.
Bng PL1-4. Gi tr h s Kq ng vi dung tch h tip nhn nc thi

Dung tch trung bnh 3 thng ma kit ca h V (106m3)
V 10. 106m3
10. 106m3 < V 100. 106m3
V>100. 106m3
Gi tr Kq
0,9
1
1,1
Ghi ch: Trng hp ngun tip nhn nc thi l bin ven b th Kq ly bng 1,2.
Trng hp bin ven b dng cho mc ch bo v thy sinh hoc th thao v giI tr
di nc th Kq ly bng 1,0.
Bng PL1-5. Gi tr h s Kf ng vi lu lng trung bnh nc thi

93
TCXDVN-51:2008
Lu lng nc thi Q (m3/ngy)

Q 50m3/ngy
50 m3/ngy < Q 500 m3/ngy
500 m3/ngy < Q 5000 m3/ngy
Q>5000 m3/ngy
Gi tr Kf
1,2
1,1
1,0
0,9
P3. Khi x nc thi ng thi cha nhiu cht c hi vo sng, h nng , gii hn
cho php ca cc cht ring bit c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
m
Ci
C
i =1
i ,cp
Trong :
Ci Nng tnh ton ca cht nhim th i trong nc thi;
Ci,cp Nng gii hn cho php ca cht nhim th i trong nc thi
c php x vo ngun quy nh;
m- S phn t nhim trong nc thi.
P4. i vi nc thi sinh hot ca cc c s dch v, c s cng cng , chung c
trong khu vc khng c h thng thot nc v x l nc thi tp trung, nng gii
hn ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi cho php x ra mi trng bn ngoi c th
xc nh theo quy nh trong TCVN 6772: 2000: Cht lng nc - Nc thi sinh
hot - Gii hn nhim cho php. Tiu chuNn ny khng dng cho nc thi cng
nghip nh quy nh ca TCVN 5945:2005.
P5. i vi nc thi bnh vin, nng gii hn ca cc cht nhim trong nc
thi cho php x ra mi trng bn ngoi c th xc nh theo quy nh trong TCVN
7382-2004: Cht lng nc nc thi bnh vin Tiu chuNn thi.
P6. Cc im x nc phi c b tr h lu dng chy tnh t khu dn c cng nh
pha di im ly nc phc v cho khu dn c , c xt n kh nng chy ngc
dng khi c thu triu, gi dn hoc thay i dng chy do hot ng ca cc cng
trnh thu in.
im tnh ton trong sng, h tip nhn nc thi phi cch t 500 n 1000 m v pha
thng lu im s dng nc (im ly nc, ming thu ca cc cng trnh cp nc,
bi tm, nh ngh, nui c v.v...) gn nht theo chiu dng chy sng hoc c 2 pha t
im s dng nc trong cc vc nc tnh.
P7. Qu trnh t lm sch nc thi trong sng, h c tnh ton trong cc iu kin
sau y:
a. Lu lng nc thi x vo sng h l lu lng trung bnh.
b. Cc iu kin thu vn sng h nh sau:
i vi cc dng chy khng iu ho th tnh theo lu lng thng trung
bnh nh nht trong nm vi bo m 95% (theo s liu c quan thu
vn cung cp).
i vi cc dng chy iu ho th theo lu lng pha di p, c loi
tr kh nng dng chy ngc t h lu.
94
TCXDVN-51:2008
i vi cc h cha tnh, tnh theo ch bt li nht, xc nh bng

cch thnh lp bng tnh nh hng ca gi nh hng n ming x, v
cc iu kin t nhin khc.
1. 2. TCVN 6772:2000-Cht lng nc - Nc thi sinh hot - Gii hn
nhim cho php (Water Quality - Domestic Wastewater Standards)
1. Phm vi p dng:
Tiu chun p dng i vi nc thi sinh hot cc loi c s dch v, c s cng cng
v chung c khi x vo cc vng nc quy nh nhng ni cha c HTTN v XLNT
tp trung.
2. Gii hn nhim cho php:
Bng PL1-6. Thng s nhim v gii hn cho php
TT
Thng s
Mc I
1
pH
5-9
2
BOD5, mg/l
30
3
Cht rn l lng, mg/l
50
4
Cht rn c th lng, mg/l
0,5
5
Tng cht rn ho tan, mg/l
500
6
Sun phua(theo H2S), mg/l
1,0
7
Nitrt (NO3 ), mg/l
30
8
Du m (thc phNm), mg/l
20
39
Phosphat (PO4 ), mg/l
6
10
Coliform, MPN/100ml
1.000
Ghi ch: KQ- Khng quy nh gi tr.
Gi tr gii hn
Mc II
Mc III
Mc IV
5-9
5-9
5-9
30
40
50
50
60
100
0,5
0,5
0,5
500
500
500
1,0
3,0
4,0
30
40
50
20
20
20
6
10
10
1.000
5.000
5.000
Mc V
5-9
200
100
KQ
KQ
KQ
KQ
100
KQ
10.000
Cc mc I, II, III, IV v V: theo loi hnh v quy m cng trnh dch v nh sau:
Bng PL1-7. Cc mc p dng i vi cc c s dch v, cng cng v
khu chung c.
Loi hnh
1. Khch sn
2. Nh tr, nh khch
3. Bnh vin nh, trm x
4. Bnh vin a khoa
5. Tr s cc c quan hnh
chnh, vn phng i din...
6. Trng hc, vin nghin
Quy m
Di 60 phng
T 60 n 200 phng
Trn 200 phng
T 10 n 50 phng
T 50 n 250 phng
Trn 250 phng
T 10 n 30 ging
Trn 30 ging
T 5.000 n 10.000m2
T 10.000 n 50.000m2
Trn 50.000 m2
T 5.000 n 25.000m2
Mc p dng
theo bng 1
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
Mc IV
Mc III
Mc II
Mc II
Mc I
Mc I
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
Mc II
Ghi ch
Phi kh trng
nc thi
Din tch tnh l
khu vc lm vic
95
TCXDVN-51:2008
cu v cc c s tng t
7. Ca hng bch ho, siu
th
8. Ch thc phNm ti sng
9. Nh hng n ung, nh
n cng cng, ca hng
thc phNm
10. Khu chung c
Trn 25.000 m2
T 5.000 n 25.000 m2
Trn 25.000 m2
T 500 n 1.000 m2
T 1.000 n 1.500 m2
T 1.500 n 25.000 m2
Trn 25.000 m2
Di 100 m2
T 100 n 250 m2
T 250 n 500 m2
T 500 n 2.500 m2
Trn 2.500 m2
Di 100 cn h
T 100 n 500 cn h
Trn 500 cn h
Mc I
Mc II
Mc I
Mc IV
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
Mc V
Mc IV
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
Mc III
Mc II
Mc I
Ghi ch: i vi cc thng s khng c trong bng PL1-11 th nng gii hn cho php
ca n c xc nh theo TCVN 5945-1995.
TCVN 7382-2004: Cht lng nc nc thi bnh vin Tiu chun
1.3.
thi
TT
Thng s
n v
Gi tr gii hn
Mc I
Mc II
Phng php xc nh
6,5 - 8,5
6,5 - 8,5
TCVN 6492: 1999

(ISO 10523: 1994)
mg/l
50
100
TCVN 6625: 2000

(ISO 11923: 1997)
BOD5 (20 0C)
mg/l
20
30
TCVN 6001: 1995

(ISO 5815: 1989)
Sunfua (S2-, tnh theo H2S)
mg/l
1,0
1,0
TCVN 4567: 1988

hoc SMEWW 4500 - S2-
Amoni (NH4+, tnh theo N)
mg/l
10
10
TCVN 5988: 1995

(ISO 5664: 1984)
Nitrat (NO3-, tnh theo N)
mg/l
30
30
TCVN 6180: 1996

(ISO 7890 - 3: 1988 (E))
Du m ng thc vt
mg/l
10
SMEWW 5520 - B
Octophosphat (PO43-, tnh theo

PO43-)
mg/l
TCVN 6494 - 2: 2000

(ISO 10304 - 2: 1995)
1000
5000
TCVN 6187 - 1: 1996

(ISO 9308 - 1: 1990 (E))
hoc TCVN 6187-2:1996
(ISO 9308 - 2: 1990 (E))
KPH
KPH
SMEWW 9260 B
pH
Cht rn l lng
Tng coliforms
10
Vi khuNn gy bnh ng rut

Salmonella
MPN/
100ml
96
TCXDVN-51:2008
Shigella
Vibrio cholera
KPH
KPH
KPH
KPH
SMEWW 9260 E
SMEWW 9260 H
11 Tng hot phng x
Bq/l
0,1
0,1
TCVN 6053: 1995

(ISO 9696: 1992)
12 Tng hot phng x
Bq/l
1,0
1,0
TCVN 6219: 1995

(ISO 9697: 1992)
KPH - Khng pht hin c

Mc I: Nc thi bnh vin vo cc thu vc vi cc mc ch s dng khc nhau.
Mc II: Nc thi bnh vin vo ni ch nh, h thng thot nc thnh ph.
Ph lc II.
CC HNG S KH HU CA CNG THC CNG MA
Dng cng thc cng ma:

A (1 + ClgP)
q=
(t + b)n
Trong :
q: Cng ma (l/s.ha)
P: Chu k lp li ca ma (nm)
t: Thi gian ma (pht)
A, C, b, n: Hng s kh hu ph thuc vo iu kin ma ca a phng.
Bng PL2-1. Hng s kh hu trong cng thc cng ma ca mt s thnh
ph.
TT
1.
Bo Lc
Tn thnh ph
11100
0,58
30
0,95
2.
Bc Cn
8150
0,53
27
0,87
3.
Bc Giang
7650
0,55
28
0,85
4.
Bc Quang
8860
0,57
29
0,8
5.
Ba Xuyn
9430
0,55
30
0,95
6.
Bun M Thut
8920
0,58
28
0,93
7.
C Mau
9210
0,48
25
0,92
8.
Ca Tng
2340
0,49
14
0,62
9.
Lng
3540
0,55
19
0,7
10. Nng
11. H Giang
2170
0,52
10
0,65
4640
0,42
22
0,79
12. H Nam
13. H Ni
4850
0,51
11
0,8
5890
0,65
20
0,84
14. Hi Dng
4260
0,42
18
0,78
97
TCXDVN-51:2008
15. Hi Phng
16. H Ch Minh
5950
0,55
21
0,82
11650
0,58
32
0,95
17. Hn Gai
18. Hng Yn
4720
0,42
20
0,78
760
0,59
20
0,83
19. Ho Bnh
20. Hu
5500
0,45
19
0,82
1610
0,55
12
0,55
21. Lo Cai
22. Lai Chu
6210
0,58
22
0,84
4200
0,5
16
0,8
23. Lin Khng

24. Mng Ci
9230
0,52
29
0,92
4860
0,46
20
0,79
4320
0,55
19
0,79
1810
0,55
12
0,65
27. Ninh Bnh

28. Phan Thit
4930
0,48
19
0,8
7070
0,55
25
0,92
29. Ply Cu
30. Qung Ngi
8820
0,49
29
0,92
2590
0,58
16
0,67
31. Qung Tr
32. Quy Nhn
2230
0,48
15
0,62
2610
0,55
14
0,68
33. Sn La
34. Sn Ty
4120
0,42
20
0,8
5210
0,62
19
0,82
35. Sa Pa
36. Ty Hiu
1720
0,5
10
0,56
3360
0,54
19
0,69
37. Tam o
38. Thi Bnh
5460
0,55
20
0,81
5220
0,45
19
0,81
7710
0,52
28
0,85
3640
0,53
19
0,72
41. Tr Vinh
42. Tuy Ho
9150
0,53
28
0,97
2820
0,48
15
0,72
43. Tuyn Quang

44. Vn L
8670
0,55
30
0,87
4560
0,52
21
0,79
3430
0,55
20
0,69
5830
0,55
18
0,85
5670
0,53
21
0,8
7500
0,54
29
0,85
25. Nam nh
26. Nha Trang
39. Thi Nguyn

40. Thanh Ho
45. Vinh
46. Vit Tr
47. Vnh Yn
48. Yn Bi
Bng PL2-2. H s phn b ma ro n

98
TCXDVN-51:2008
Din tch lu vc (ha)

H s phn b ma ro n
300
0,96
500
0,94
1000
0,91
2000
0,87
3000
0,83
4000
0,8
Ph lc III.
KHONG CCH T NG NG THOT NC N MNG
LI K THUT V CC CNG TRNH
Bng PL3-1. Khong cch t ng ng thot nc n mng li k thut v
cc cng trnh
Tn cng trnh
1- n mng nh, mng cng trnh mng

cu vt v mng tuy nen
2- n ro ngn ct in giao thng, ct
in thoi
3- n trc ray cui cng ca ng st
(nhng khng nh hn chiu cao ca nn
p)
4- ng tu in
5- n b va ng ph
6- n thnh ngoi rnh thot nc hoc
n chn nn p
7- n mng ct in:
- 1KV v n chiu sng
- 1-35KV
- 110 KV v ln hn
8- ng cp nc c ng knh:
< 200
= 200
> 200
9- Cng thot nc thi sinh hot
10- Cng h mc nc ngm v thot nc
thi
11- Cp in mnh - di 35KV
12- Cp in mnh di 35KV 110KV
13- Cp thng tin
Khong cch tnh

Khong
cch nm theo mp ngoi ca
ng v cp (m)
ngang (m)
Ghi ch
Tr s t
s l khong
cch theo
chiu ngang
Tr s
mu s l
khong cch
theo chiu
ng
3
3
4
2,8
1,5
1
1
2
3
1,5
0,1
3
0,1
3
0,1
0,4
0
0,5
0
1
0,1
0,5
0,1
99
TCXDVN-51:2008
Ph lc IV.
CC CNG TRNH PH CA TRM X L NC THI
1. Tu theo cng sut v iu kin c th tng ni trn trm x l cn xy dng cc
cng trnh ph. Din tch ca cc cng trnh ph c th ly theo cc bng PL4-1 sau
y.
Bng PL4-1. Din tch ca cc cng trnh ph tr ca trm x l nc thi
Tn cng trnh
Din tch nh nht (m2) ph thuc cng sut trm

Di
25.000Trn
25.000m3/ngy
100.000m3/ngy
100.000m3/ngy
Phng th nghim ho l
15
25
40
Phng th nghim vi sinh
12
20
30
12
20
hnh chnh k thut
20
25
40
Phng trc ban
15
15
20
Phng trng trm
20
20
20
Xng sa cha
20
25
40
Phng thng trc
12
12
15
Kho vt liu
25
30
40
Kho ho cht v dng c th

nghim
Phng lm vic ca nhn vin
Ghi ch: Din tch tm, x theo quy nh trong tiu chun thit k cng nghip.
2. B tr cc cng trnh ph theo nguyn tc s dng thun tin, khng nh hng ln

nhau, xng sa cha, kho vt liu tu theo iu kin c th b tr chung vi khu sn
xut (Trm bm, trm bm khng kh).
3. Chiu rng ng i trong trm x l c th ly:
- ng i b 1,5 n 2,0 m
- ng xe ot 3,0 n 4,0 m
100
TCXDVN-51:2008
Ph lc V.
B TR H SINH HC
1- Tu theo thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi v iu kin c th ca tng a phng,
h sinh hc c p dng lm mt cng trnh x l hon chnh hoc l mt cng
trnh x l nc thi c lng s b.
2- H thng h sinh hc c th bao gm mt kiu h hoc l mt vi kiu h (h k
kh, h ty tin, h hiu kh bc 1, h hiu kh x l trit ) lm vic ni tip nhau.
Tu theo lu lng, thnh phn tnh cht nc thi, iu kin ca tng a phng
c th la chn mt trong cc s h thng h sinh hc nh sau..
a
La<200 mg/l
Lt< 50 mg/l
b
La>200 mg/l
c
La>200 mg/l
d
La>300 mg/l
e
La>200 mg/l
f
La>200 mg/l
85%La
85%La
Lt<50 mg/l
Lt<50 mg/l
Lt<20 mg/l
Lt<20 mg/l
H1
H2
Lt<10 mg/l
Ghi ch: F-h tu tin; K- h k kh; H- h hiu kh; H1- h hiu kh bc mt; H2- h
hiu kh bc hai; L- h lng; La-BOD ca nc thi cha x l; Lt- BOD ca nc thi
sau x l trong h thng h.
101
TCXDVN-51:2008
MC LC
1.
Phm vi p dng
2.
Quy nh chung
3.
Tiu chuNn thi nc v tnh ton thu lc mng li thot nc
4.
S v h thng thot nc
15
5.
Mng li thot nc v cc cng trnh trn mng li
18
6.
Trm bm nc thi v trm cp kh
26
7.
Cc cng trnh x l nc thi
32
8.
Thit k h thng thot nc khu vc nh, h thng thot nc chung

v h thng thot nc na ring
Trang b in, kim sot cng ngh, t ng ho v iu khin
75
9.
85
10. Nhng yu cu v cc gii php xy dng v kt cu cng trnh
88
11. Mt s yu cu cn b sung i vi h thng thot nc xy dng

nhng khu vc c bit
91
12
92
Cc Ph lc
Ph lc I
: Cc iu kin v sinh khi x nc thi ra ngun
Ph lc II
: H s phn b ma ro n
Ph lc III : Khong cch t ng ng thot nc n mng li k

thut v cc cng trnh
Ph lc IV : Cc cng trnh ph tr ca trm x l nc thi
Ph lc V : B tr h sinh hc
102

TCXDVN 51-2008

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TCXDVN-51:2008

D THO BO CO CUI CNG

THOT NC - MNG LI V CNG TRNH BN NGOI

1.1. Tiu chuNn ny c p dng thit k xy dng mi hoc ci to, m rng v

QUI NNH CHUNG

Khi thit k h thng thot nc phi xem xt cc gii php c bn ca s

Khi la chn h thng v s thot nc phi nh gi kinh t, k thut, mc

Khi thit k thot nc cho cc im dn c, cho php s dng cc kiu h

i vi h thng thot nc ma, nu iu kin cho php c th s dng h

H thng thot nc ca cc x nghip cng nghip thng thit k theo kiu

Khi thit k thot nc cho cc c s cng nghip cn xem xt:

Nc s dng qua qu trnh sn xut nu khng b nhim bNn cn nghin

Vic x nc thi sn xut vo h thng thot nc v cng trnh x l nc

Khi ni ng cng thot nc thi ca cc c s sn xut vo mng li ca

Nc thi c cha cc cht c hi v vi trng gy dch bnh trc khi x vo

Khng c x nc thi sn xut c nng cht nhim cao tp trung thnh

Cc cng trnh x l nc thi ca c s cng nghip nn b tr trong phm vi

Khong cch v sinh t cc cng trnh x l v trm bm nc thi ti ranh

Khong cch ly v sinh tnh bng m, theo cng

Khng c x nc ma trong cc trng hp sau:

- Vo khu vc xi mn, nu thit k khng c bin php gia c b.

Phi xt ti kh nng a cng trnh vo tng giai on xy dng v trng

Cc gii php k thut c bn c thit k phi da trn c s so snh ch tiu

TIU CHUN THI NC V TNH TON THU LC MNG LI

Tiu chun thi nc v h s khng iu ho

Tiu chuNn thi nc th bao gm nc thi sinh hot v dch v xc nh

H s khng iu ho ngy ca nc thi th hoc khu dn c Kng ly bng

Lu lng nc thi trung bnh qtb (l/s)

S phn b lu lng nc thi ca th v khu dn c theo cc gi trong

Tiu chuNn v h s khng iu ho nc thi sinh hot t cc x nghip cng

Tiu chuNn v h s khng iu ho nc thi sn xut t cc c s cng

Lu lng tnh ton ca nc thi sn xut t cc c s cng nghip c xc

Lu lng tnh ton thot nc ma ca tuyn cng (l/s) c xc nh theo

q - Cng ma tnh ton (l/s.ha )

H s dng chy C ph thuc vo loi mt ph v chu k lp li trn ma tnh

i vi cc khu cng nghip tp trung, chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton P ph

i vi thnh ph ln c nhiu trm o ma cn phn tch tng quan ca

Chu k lp li trn ma tnh ton P (nm)

Thi gian dng chy ma n im tnh ton t (pht), c xc nh theo cng

to -Thi gian nc ma chy trn b mt n rnh ng, c th

Thi gian nc ma chy theo rnh ng t1 (pht) xc nh theo cng thc:

i vi khu vc th m h thng thot nc ma cha r rt (khng b tr

Vn cy v cng vin khng c mng li thot nc ma th khng xt n

iu ho dng chy nc ma, bao gm c vic lm chm dng chy bng

Khi thit k h iu ho cn bo m cc yu cu:

Ca dn nc vo h v x nc ra khi h phi b tr hp l thun tin

Xc nh th tch iu ho ca h W (m3) bng biu lu lng nc ma

Tnh ton thu lc mng li thot nc thi

H s nhm Manning (n)

Khi tnh ton thu lc ng ng dn bn cn c p lc (dn cn ti, cn

Mng li thot nc chung phi m bo tiu thot c lng nc ma

Lu lng tnh ton ca on cng chung trc ming x th nht xc nh bi

Qkh - Tng lu lng trung bnh ca nc thi ca on cng tnh

Khi kim tra iu kin thu lc mng li thot nc chung trong ma kh

Lu lng hn hp nc ma v nc thi dn n trm x l v ma ma c

Lu lng nc ma b nhim bNn cn x l qlim (l/s) xc nh theo quy nh

Cc tuyn cng thot nc thi v nc ma trong h thng thot nc na

ng knh nh nht ca cng v y tnh ton trong cng v mng

ng knh nh nht ca cng thot nc qui nh nh sau:

ng knh nh nht D (mm)

- ng ni t ging thu nc ma n ng cng c ng knh D=200mm

y tnh ton ln nht ca ng cng ph thuc vo ng knh cng v

Mng thot nc ma xy dng trong phm vi cc nhm nh , chiu su

Vn tc dng chy nc thi nh nht ph thuc vo thnh phn v kch thc