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CNG HC K 1 MN HA LP 10 BAN T NHIN

NM HC 2015 - 2016
A. NHNG KIN THC CN NM VNG
I. Chng I: Nguyn t
- Thnh phn cu to nguyn t.
- Ht nhn nguyn t, nguyn t ha hc.
- ng v, nguyn t khi trung bnh.
- S chuyn ng ca electron trong nguyn t, obitan nguyn t.
- Lp, phn lp electron.
- Nng lng ca cc electron trong nguyn t, cu hnh electron nguyn t.
II. Chng II: Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc v nh lut tun hon
- Nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t ha hc v cu to bng tun hon.
+ Nguyn tc sp xp
+ Cu to bng tun hon
nguyn t
Chu k
Nhm
- S bin i tun hon tnh cht ca cc nguyn t ha hc
+ S bin i mt s i lng vt l v tnh cht cc nguyn t v hp cht trong mt chu k v
trong mt nhm
+ nh lut tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc
III. Chng III: Lin kt ho hc
- Khi nim v lin kt ho hc.
- Lin kt ion, lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc, lin kt cng ho tr c phn cc.
- S lai ha cc obitan nguyn t.
- Tinh th nguyn t, tinh th phn t, tinh th kim loi.
- Ho tr v s oxi ho.
IV. Chng IV: Phn ng ha hc
- Phn ng oxi ha kh
- Phn loi phn ng trong ha hc v c
V. Chng V: Nhm halogen
- Khi qut chung v nhm halogen
- Clo v hp cht ca clo
- Flo, brom v iot
B. BI TP
I. PHN TRC NGHIM
Cu 1. Pht biu no di y KHNG ng?
A. Hu ht cc nguyn t c cu to t cc ht c bn l proton, ntron v electron.
B. V nguyn t cu to t cc ht electron.
C. Nguyn t c cu trc c kht, gm v nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
D. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to t cc ht proton v ntron.
Cu 2. Nguyn t ha hc l nhng nguyn t c cng :
A. s khi.
B. s proton.
C. s ntron. D. s ntron v proton
Cu 3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 56 electron v 81 ntron. K hiu nguyn t no sau y l ca
nguyn t R?
56
81
137
137
A. 81R
B. 56 R
C. 81R
D. 56 R
Cu 4. Mt ion c 13 proton , 14 ntron v 10 electron. Ion ny c in tch l
A. 1+
B. 3C. 1-

D. 3+

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Cu 5. S electron ti a trong lp th n l
A. 2n
B. n2
C. n + 1
2
D.2n
Cu 6. Nguyn t ca nguyn t c tng s ht c bn l 34. S ht mang in gp 1,8333 ln s ht
khng mang in. Nguyn t l
A. Cl (Z=17)
B. Mg (Z=12)
C. Al (Z=13)
D. Na (Z=11)
Cu 7. Trong t nhin ng c hai ng v bn 63Cu (chim 73%) v 65Cu (chim 27%). Nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca ng l:
A. 64, 46
B. 64, 64
C. 63,54
D. 63,45
Cu 8. Tng s ht trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 40. Bit s ht ntron ln hn s ht
proton l 1 ht. Cho bit nguyn t trn thuc loi nguyn t no?
A. nguyn t p
B. nguyn t s
C. nguyn t d
D. nguyn t f
Cu 9. Tm cu pht biu sai :
A. S n v in tch dng trong nhn bng s n v in tch m trn v nguyn t.
B. Tng s proton v electron c gi l s khi.
C. Trong mt nguyn t, s proton lun lun bng s electron v bng s n v in tch ht
nhn.
D. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron .
Cu 10. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t R c tng s cc loi ht bng 82, trong s ht mang in
nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22 ht. S hiu nguyn t ca R l:
A. 22
B. 24
C. 26
D. 20
Cu 11. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Ag l 107,87. Trong t nhin Ag c 2 ng v, trong
109
47Ag chim 44%. S khi ca ng v th 2 l:
A. 105
B. 200
C. 107
D. 202
Cu 12. Dy sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu bn knh nguyn t gim dn no ng ?
A. Mg > S > Cl > F.
B. F > Cl > S > Mg.
C. Cl > F > S > Mg.
D. S > Mg > Cl > F.
Cu 13. Nguyn t v tr no trong bng tun hon c cc electron ha tr l 3d34s2 ?
A. Chu k 4, nhm VA.
B. Chu k 4, nhm VB.
C. Chu k 4, nhm IIA.
D. Chu k 4, nhm IIIA.
+
Cu 14. Cation R c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p 6. Vy cu hnh electron ca
nguyn t R l
A. 1s22s22p5
B. 1s22s22p63s2C. 1s22s22p63s23p1
D. 1s22s22p63s1
Cu 15. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron: [Ne]3s 23p4. Cng thc oxit cao nht v
cng thc hp cht vi hiro ca X l:
A. HX, X2O7.
B. H2X, XO3.
C. XH4, XO2.
D. H3X, X2O.
Cu 16. Cc kim loi X, Y, Z c cu hnh electron nguyn t ln lt l: 1s 22s22p63s1; 1s22s22p63s2;
1s22s22p63s23p1. Dy gm cc kim loi xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kh t tri sang phi l:
A. Z, X, Y.
B. Y, Z, X.
C. X, Y, Z.
D. Z, Y, X.
Cu 17. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns 2np4. Trong hp cht
kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X
trong oxit cao nht l
A. 50,00%.
B. 27,27%.
C. 60,00%.
D. 40,00%.
Cu 18. Dy phn t no cho di y u c lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc ?
A. N2, CO2, Cl2, H2. B. N2, Cl2, H2, HCl. C. N2, HI, Cl2, CH4. D. Cl2, O2, N2, F2.
Cu 19. Chn cht c dng tinh th ion.
A. mui n.
B. than ch.
C. nc .
D. iot.
Cu 20. Lai ha sp3 c trong phn t no sau y ?
A. BeH2.
B. BF3.
C. H2O.
D. C2H4
Cu 21. S oxi ha ca nguyn t C trong CO2, H2CO3, HCOOH, CH4 ln lt l
A. - 4, +4, +3, +4
B. +4, +4, +2, +4
C. +4, +4, +2, - 4
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Cu 22.S oxi ho ca nit trong NH 4 , NO

2 v HNO3 ln lt l:
A.+5, -3, +3
B.-3, +3, +5
C.+3,-3,+5
D.+3,+5,-3
Cu 23. in ho tr ca nguyn t Ca v Cl trong hp cht CaCl2 ln lt l
A. 3+;2B. 3+;1C. 2+;1D. 2+;2t0
Cu 24. Trong phn ng: Cu + HNO3 (long)
Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O.
S phn t HNO3 ng vai tr cht oxi ha l
A. 8.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Cu 25. Cho phn ng:
Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O.
Tng h s ca cc cht (l nhng s nguyn, ti gin) trong phng trnh phn ng l
A. 23.
B. 27.
C. 47.
D. 31.
Cu 26. Ho tan hon ton 12g hn hp Fe, Cu ( t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V lt ktc
hn hp kh X ( gm NO & NO2) v dung dch Y ( cha 2 mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2
= 19. Gi tr V l
A.3,36
B.2,24
C.5,6
D.4,48
Cu 27. S oxi ha ca clo trong cc hp cht NaClO; NaClO3,NaClO4 ln lt l
A. +1;+5;+7
B. +1;+3;+7
C. +1;+3;+5
D. +3;+5;+7
Cu 28. Trong nhm halogen, tnh oxi ha gim dn theo th t:
A. I2>Cl2>Br2>F2
B. F2>Cl2>Br2>I2
C. I2>Br2>Cl2>F2
D. F2>Br2>Cl2>I2
Cu 29.Trong phn ng ho hc sau: Cl2 + 6KOH KClO3 + 5KCl + 3H2O
Cl2 ng vai tr g:
A.Ch l cht oxi ho.
B.Ch l cht kh.
C.Va l cht oxi ho va l cht kh.
D.khng phi cht oxi ho khng phi cht kh.
Cu 30. Cho 8,9 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim 2 chu k lin tip trong bng
tun hon tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt (ktc). Khi lng mui to ra sau phn
ng l?
A. 40gam
B. 20gam
C. 30gam
D. 10gam
II. PHN T LUN:
Cu 1. Cho hp cht MX2. Trong phn t MX2, tng s ht c bn l 140 v s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 44. S khi ca X ln hn s khi ca M l 11. Tng s ht c bn
trong X nhiu hn trong M l 16.
a. Xc nh hp cht MX2
b. Vit cu hnh e ca M v X
c. Biu din s hnh thnh lin kt trong phn t MX2
Cu 2. Tng s ht p, n, e trong 2 nguyn t kim loi A v B l 142, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t B nhiu hn ca A l 12.
a. Xc nh 2 kim loi A, B
b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch A t mui cacbonat ca A v iu ch B t 1 oxit
ca B
Cu 3. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu bng 63,546. Trong t nhin ng c 2 ng v 63Cu v
65
Cu.
a. Tnh thnh phn % v s nguyn t ca tng ng v
b. Nu s nguyn t ca 65Cu l 546 th tng ng s c bao nhiu nguyn t 63Cu.
c. Tnh thnh phn % khi lng ca 63Cu trong CuO bit MO = 16
Cu 4. Vit cu hnh e, xc nh v tr, tnh cht (kim loi, phi kim, kh him) ca nguyn t cc
nguyn t A, B, X sau bit:
a. Nguyn t A c tng s ht l 82. S ht mng in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22
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b. Nguyn t B c 3 e c thn trn lp ngoi cng l lp th ba

c. Nguyn t X b mt 3 e to thnh ion X 3+. X3+ c cu hnh electron ging kh him Ne (Z =
10)
Cu 5. Vit cng thc electron, cng thc cu to cc cht v ion sau:
H2S, NH3, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, SO2, SO3, N2O3, N2O5, HNO3, P2O5, H3PO4, HClO, HClO2, HClO3, HClO4,
H2SO3, H2SO4, NH4+, Na2CO3, KHSO4, NH4NO3.
Cu 6. Cho 4,4 gam hn hp hai nguyn t kim loi cng nhm IIA v hai chu k lin tip nhau
trong bng tun hon tc dng vi dung dch HCl ly d. Sau phn ng thu c 3,36 lt kh thot ra
ktc v dung dch X
a. Xc nh tn hai kim loi ?
b. Tnh % khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp u.
c. Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 0,5M em dng bit HCl ly d 10% so vi lng cn thit .
Cu 7. Ha tan hon ton hn hp A gm Zn, ZnO phi dng ht 336 ml dung dch HCl 3,65 % thu
c dung dch B v 2,24 lt kh thot ra ktc.
Cho ton b dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d c 57,4 gam kt ta .
a. Tnh phn trm khi lng mi cht trong hn hp A.
b. Tnh khi lng ring ca dung dch HCl dng.
Cu 8. Cho 23,3 gam hn hp bt gm Mg v BaCO 3 tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 7,3%. Sau
khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch X v 5,6 lt hn hp kh Y (ktc).
a. Tnh khi lng BaCO3 trong hn hp ban u.
b. Tnh nng C% ca cht tan trong dung dch X.
Cu 9. Cho 23,6 gam hn hp gm Cu, Fe v Mg trong 91,25g dung dch HCl 20% (va ) th thu
c 12,8 g cht khng tan v dung dch A
a. Xc nh % khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp trn.
b. Tnh C% cc mui trong dung dch thu c sau phn ng.
Cu 10. Cn bng cc phn ng oxi ha kh sau theo phng php thng bng electron
a) Mg + H2SO4 (c, nng) MgSO4 + H2S + H2O
b) Al + H2SO4 (c, nng) Al2(SO4)3 + S + H2O
c) Fe3O4+ H2SO4 (c, nng) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
d) Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O
e) Fe + HNO3
Fe(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O
f) Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NO2 + H2O
g) Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + H2O
h) Na2SO3 + KMnO4 + NaHSO4 Na2SO4 + MnSO4 + K2SO4 + H2O
o
i) FeS2 + O2 t
Fe2O3 + SO2
j) Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O
k) KMnO4 C6H12O6 H2SO4 K 2SO4 MnSO4 CO2 H2O

Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t: H = 1; Be = 9; B = 11; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16;

Na = 23; K = 39; Rb = 85,5; Mg = 24; Ca = 40; Sr = 88, Ba = 137; Al = 27; Si = 28; P =
31; Cl = 35,5; Ga = 70; Br = 80, I = 127
m in cc nguyn t: H = 2,20; F = 3,98; Cl = 3,16; Br = 2,96; I = 2,66; O = 3,44; S
= 2,58; N = 3,04; P = 2,19; C = 2,56; Na = 0,93; K = 0,82; Mg = 1,31; Al = 1,61