IsabelKrull

11/22/15

OptimizingChemicalReactionsbyMeasuringPrecipitateFormation

PreLabQuestions:

1. Iftheremainingreactantswerecombinedinaratiotomaximizetheproduct,theywould
needtobeanexactratioofsoluteandsolvent.

2.
3. Inchemistry,concentrationcanbeappliedtoanychemicalmixture,butusuallyrefersto
theamountofsolventandsoluteinamixture.Forexample,ifyouweremeasuringthe
concentrationofsedimentinwater,iftherewaslesswaterthansediment,therewouldbe
ahigherconcentrationofsedimentthanifyouhadmorewaterthansediment.(Dilutedvs.
Concentrated.)
4. Themathematicalexpressionformolarity(M=n/V)canberearrangedtoM*V=nto
calculateforthenumberofmolesinasolution.
5. Iftwosolutionshaveequalconcentrationsandequalvolumes,thenbothsolutionswould
havethesamenumberofmoles.
6. Aprecipitateisasolidproductthatcomesfromaliquidsolutionafterundergoinga
chemicalreaction.Aprecipitateisinsoluble.
7. Youcanidentifywhichproductisaprecipitatewhenlookingatthechemicalequation
becausetheprecipitatewillhavemoremoleculesthantheotherproduct.

AnalysisOne:CalciumChlorideandSodiumCarbonate

1. TheprecipitateinthereactionisCaCo3,(Calciumcarbonate)
2. MygroupidentifiedWell5tohavethemostamountofprecipitate.

3. Wells5and6wereidentifiedmostoftenasthewellswiththemostprecipitatewiththe
otherexperimentsintheclass.
4. Theconcentrationsofthereactantsolutionsdependedonhowmanydropswereaddedin
eachwell.Forexample,Well1andWell8wouldhavethelowestconcentration,but
Wells4,5,and6wouldhavemorebecausethechemicalreactionwasoptimal,which
createsthemaximumprecipitate.
5. Themaximumprecipitate,(Well5)had4dropsofwater,5dropsofCaC12,and5drops
ofNaCo3.
6. Thefactorinthemolarityequation,(M=n/V)isthenumberofmolesaffectedbythe
numberofdrops.
7. Givenmyanswersfromquestions46,itmustbetruethatthenumberofmoleshaveto
bethesamebecauseifonedropofeachsolutionis0.10M,andtheyhavethesame
amountofdropsinWell5,thentheamountofmolesofeachwillbethesametotheratio
of1:1.

ConceptDevelopment:

1. Theratioofmolesofthetworeactantsisthesameinthewellwiththemostprecipitate,
sotheratiois1:1.
2. Theratioforthebalancedequationmoleratiois1:1,andtheratioforthemaximum
precipitateisalso1:1.

AnalysisTwo:SilverNitrateandSodiumCarbonate
1. Theprecipitateinthisreactionwassilvernitrate.
2. Well5wasidentifiedtohavethemaximumprecipitate.
3. Wells5and6wereidentifiedtohavethemaximumprecipitatefromotherstudents
conductingthelab.
4. Theamountofprecipitateformedtellsmethatinorderforsilvernitratetoforma
precipitate,asmalleramountofsodiumcarbonateshouldbeadded.
5. Thehighestconcentrationwasat0.6mofsilvernitrate.
6. InWell5,(thewellwiththehighestconcentration,)therewere4dropsofwater,six
dropsofsilvernitrate,andandthreedropsofsodiumcarbonate.
7. Inthemolarityequation,thenumberofdropsrepresentthenumberofmolesandthe
volume.
8. Givenmyanswersfromquestions57,itmustbetruethatittakes0.3molesofsodium
carbonatetoreactwith0.6molesofsilvernitrateforthemaximumprecipitatetoform,
meaningthattheratiois2:1.


ConceptDevelopment:

1. Theratioofmolesofthetworeactantsinthewellwiththemostprecipitateis2:1.
2. Themoleratiois2:1,whichisaresultofthesymbolicrepresentation.

AnalysisThree:CalciumChlorideandSodiumCarbonate

1. MygroupidentifiedWell5tobethewellwiththemostprecipitate.
2. ManygroupsintheclassidentifiedWells4and5tohavethemaximumprecipitate.
3. Theamountofprecipitatemewhetherornotthechemicalreactionwasoptimal.The
moreprecipitatethereis,showsushowbalancedthecompoundswere.
4. InWell3therewas0.6mofsodiumcarbonate,and0.3mofsilvernitrate.
5. InWell3therewerefourdropsofwater,threedropsofsilvernitrate,andsixdropsof
sodiumcarbonate.
6. Inthemolarityequation,thedropsrepresentthenumberofmolesinthesolutionandthe
volume.
7. Providedmyanswersfromquestions46,itmustbetruethatforeverymoleofsilver
nitrate,therearetwomolesofsodiumcarbonate.

ConceptDevelopment:

1. Theratioofmolesofthetworeactantsis1:2.