BIEN PHAP T CHC THI CONG

CONG TRNH: A
I- BO TR TONG MAT BANG THI CONG.
1. Tiep nhan mat bang thi cong:
Ngay sau khi nhan c thong bao trung thau cua chu au t,
nha thau se c ai dien en cong trnh va nhan ban giao mat
bang hien trang, he thong tim truc nh v, cao o chuan va ranh
gii cong trng. bien ban ban giao mat bang c lap theo qui
nh hien hanh.
Tren c s cac tim truc, cao o chuan a c ban giao, nha
thau se kiem tra oi chieu vi ho s thiet ke, neu co van e g
khong hp ly, nha thau se thong bao vi chu au t e co bien
phap giai quyet kp thi. Sau o, nha thau se xay dng he thong
moc dan phuc vu thi cong tren toan cong trng va co bien phap
bao ve tim coc moc va cao o chuan trong suot qua trnh thi cong.
Nha thau se lam hang rao tam vay quanh cong trng, xay
dng cac hang muc phu tr, lap at cac loai en bao hieu, chieu
sang phuc vu an toan giao thong va an toan lao ong.
Trc khi vao thi cong nha thau trnh bao vi chnh quyen a
phng, chu au t ve thi gian thi cong cong trnh va phoi hp ve
cong tac gi gn an ninh trat t, gi gn ve sinh chung trong khu vc.
2. Cac hang muc phu tr phuc vu thi cong:
a. Hang rao, khu lan trai phuc vu thi cong.
Nha thau d kien lap dng 1 hang rao bao ve cao 2m c
lam bang li B40 c quay kn ton e khoi anh hng en s
hoat ong xung quanh trong pham vi lan can. Bo tr 01 cong ra vao
mat trc, tai cong ra vao nay luon co bao ve trc ca ngay lan
em e theo doi xuat nhap vat t va quan ly ngi ra vao cong
trng.
b. Nha bao ve:
Bo tr ngay cong ra vao cong trnh, nha bao ve co chc nang
kiem tra, kiem soat ngi, vat lieu, phng tien ra vao cong trnh
va chot bao ve cuoi bai gan nha dan e tang cng an ninh
ve em.
1/52

c. Nha ban ch huy cong trnh:

Ni cong tac, trao oive ky thuat nghiep vu, quan ly tat ca
cac bo phan khac cua cong trnh. nha c bo tr gan nha bao
ve, gan ni ra vao cong trnh tien cho viec lien he va kha nang
bao quat cong trnh.
d. Kho dung cu
e cha vat t nho, may moc dung cu cam va c at ngay
sat van phong cong trng.
e. Kho ximang va kho thep:
Kho xi mang phai am bao kho rao, khong dot nhng phai
am bao o thoang mat.
Kho thep va kho xi mang phai c ke cao cach mat at toi
thieu la 0,3m. oi vi thep cay e ngoai ke cao cach mat at
la 0.4m co bat che nang che ma. Kho nay co kha nang cha va d
tr ximang u phuc vu cho cac cong tac thi cong

tren hien

trng.
Bai gia cong thep canh nha kho co mat bang tng oi
phang thuan tien cho viec gia cong. Bai tap ket cot chong cop pha
nh hnh, gian giao c tap ket pha sau cua cong trnh.
f. Bai tap ket vat lieu ri:
Mat bang thi cong thuan li nhng viec bo tr bai tap ket vat
lieu ri phai khoa hoc hp ly theo ung tien o: gom cat vang,
cat en, a 1x2, tap ket gon pha trc cong trnh (rieng ong
cat vang, ong a, ong cat en ben di rai lot ton 1.5 li e
tranh lan at va cac tap chat. bai tap ket gach c bo tr pha
au hoi truc 1 dung en au tap ket en o.
Tren cong trng bo tr 4 en pha bao ve ve halogien hai
goc cheo cua cong trnh co vat che nang, che ma.
g. Khu vc tap ket xe may, thiet b thi cong:
Khu vc nay c bo tr oi dien vi van phong cong trng,
ong thi phai v tr de nhn t pha nha bao ve e thuan li
trong viec ieu ong va quan ly xe may, thiet b trong qua trnh thi
cong.
h.Nha ve sinh cong cong:
Nha ve sinh tam cua cong trng at goc cong trng va
cuoi hng gio chnh. Nha ve sinh nay luon c ve sinh, co ra
2/52

sach se e am bao yeu cau ve sinh moi trng chung trong cong
trnh. Nc thoat c i qua be phot ban t ngoai e x ly trc
khi thai ra ong thoat chung cua khu vc.
3. ien phuc vu thi cong va sinh hoat:
Nguon ien se c lay t ien li quoc gia do chu au t
cap nguon, e e phong khi cong trnh ang thi cong s dung ien
b mat ien ta can bo tr them may phat nho.
4. Nc phuc vu thi cong va sinh hoat:
S dung mang li nc chung cua khu vc. Co cac bon cha
nc e phuc vu thi cong va tch nc phong khi nc t mang li
khu vc khong the cung cap c. Ngoai ra nha thau se khoan 1
gieng e d phong nguon nc thi cong; se c kiem nh mau
cho phu hp tieu chuan thi cong.
5. Thoat nc thi cong:
Sau khi tiep nhan mat bang, nha thau se tien hanh xay dng
he thong ong cong, mng ranh thoat nc thch hp e tranh tnh
trang ong nc tren mat bang gay anh hng en thi cong va
giao thong i lai.
oi viec thoat nc ho mong, nha thau se lam he thong
ranh thu nc ve cac gieng thu roi dung bm nc thoat len b
va chay vao he thong thoat nc mat bang cua cong trng.
Tren cong trng phai bo tr he thong thoat nc thi cong
am bao tieu nc triet e khong gay ngap ung trong suot qua
trnh thi cong. Nc thai trc

khi thai ra

he thong thoat nc

chung thanh pho phai thai qua ho thu lang ong bun at, phe thai
e thi cong nao vet thu gom chuyen en ni quy nh.
6. ng tam e thi cong:
ng tam c bo tr chay vong quanh nha tien cho phng
tien chuyen ch vat lieu ti kho, bai vat lieu.
7. He thong phong chay cha chay:
e e phong va X ly chay no trong qua trnh thi cong, nha
thau se at cac bnh cu hoa tai nhng v tr can thiet de xay ra
hoa hoan.
Hang ngay se co can bo chuyen trach cua cong trng i
kiem tra thng xuyen ve viec phong chay no.
8. Viec hoan tra mat bang sau khi ban giao cong trnh:

3/52

Sau khi thi cong xong, toan bo may moc, trang thiet b thi cong
va cac lan trai, van phong tam se c thao d, chuyen ra khoi
pham cong trng va don dep sach se e ban giao cong trnh cho
chu au t a vao s dung

G HI C HU

1
N
D

D
D

1 NHABA
O VE

N
D
N

N
D

2 VA
N PHO
NG BCH CO
NG TRNH

N
D
N

N
D

3 KHU VC R
A XE

D
N

N
D

4 NHAVESINH

N
D

5 KHU VC EXE
6 KHO CH
A THE
P - XI MA
NG

N
D

N
D

7 8 BA
I TA
P KE
T CA
T A
9 BA
I TA
P KE
T GACH

N
D

N
D

10 MA
Y TRO
N BETO
NG

N
D

N
D

DA
N G IA
O

11 BECH
A N
C

N
D

12 BA
I TA
P KE
T COFFA

N
D

N
D

N
D

N
D

N
D

N
N

D
D
N

N
N

BA
I GIA CO
NG THE
P

NG GIAO THO
NG

N
D

N
D

NG GIAO THO
NG

N
D
N
D

HA
NG RA
O VA
CH TO
N BA
O VECO
NG TRNH

5
N

4000
N

N
D
N

6000
N

5463

NG GIAO THO
NG
1

LO
I VA
O CHNH

MA
T BA
NG TOCH
C THI CO
NG

4/52

TL : 1/ 200

CO
NG TRNH HIE
N H
U

N
D

NHAKHO

12

NG N
C THI C O
NG

N
D

DKIE
N VA
N PHO
NG
BOPHA
N TVA
N GIA
M SA
T

NG IE
N THI C O
NG
HA
NG RA
O TAM

E
N C HIE
U SA
NG

II. BO TR BO MAY QUAN LY VA LC LNG LAO ONG

S o to chc tai hien trng

Ban ch huy
cong
trng
Bo phan
ky
thu

Bo phan
cun
g

To kyTo be tongTo ATLD

To ne
thua
t

oi xe
m
a

To gia
c
o

III. KY THUAT THI CONG

Cac yeu cau ky thuat:
1. Cong tac van khuon:
Gia cong lap at van khuon la mot qua trnh ton nhieu thi
gian va cong sc va thng keo dai hn so vi thi gian thi cong.
Viec tnh toan va s dung van khuon hp ly co tac dung rat ln
en chat lng va gia thanh cong tac xay lap.
Cac yeu cau ky thuat cua coffa:
+ Coffa khong c cong venh.
5/52

+ Phai am bao the hien ung kch thc hnh dang cua bo
phan ket cau.
+ Coffa phai vng chac, khong b bien hnh khi chu tai trong
cua khoi betong cot thep mi o va cac tai trong khac trong
qua trnh thi cong.
+ Dng lap va thao d de dang, khong b chay nc xi
mang trong khi o betong.
+ He chong phai c lien ket vi nhau thanh he thong
on nh.
+ Trc khi lap coffa phai xac nh cac truc tim ngang, doc,
phai xac nh cac cao trnh.
2. Cong tac cot thep:
Gia cong thep e am bao chnh xac, tiet kiem th phai gia
cong theo thep thc te ket hp vi ban ve thiet ke.
Be mat cot thep phai sach khong dnh bun, dau m, khong
co vay sat va cac lp g.
Trc khi at n hang lay thep phai kiem tra khoi lng
chung loai thep cua cong trnh.
Lap dng cot thep ch c sau khi a lay mau th nghiem, va
phai c ky s giam sat ong y bang van ban.
Trac ac cam moc cho toan tuyen cho cac v tr co thep ch
cot, tng e chuan b phng an cho phan ke tiep.
3. Cong tac betong:
Khong lam sai lech cac v tr cot thep, copha va chieu day
lp bao ve betong cot thep.
Khong dung am dui e dch chuyen ngang betong trong
copha.
e tranh s phan tang th chieu cao ri cua ho hp betong
khi o khong vt qua 1,5m.
Khi s dung am dui bc di chuyen cua am dui khong vt
qua 1,5 ban knh tac dung cua am va phai tiep xuc sau vao lp
betong a o trc la 10cm.
Betong phai c o lien tuc cho ti khi hoan thanh mot ket
cau nao o theo quy nh cua thiet ke.
Giam sat chat che hien tng copha, gian giao va cot thep
trong qua trnh thi cong e co the x ly kp thi neu co s co
xay ra.
6/52

Khi tri ma phai che chan khong e ma ri vao betong.

IV. LAP BIEN PHAP THI CONG:
A. Phan Xay Dng
1. nh v, tim cot cong trnh:
Cong tac nh v cong trnh, dan tim cot cong trnh se do 1
nhom trac ac 2 ngi am nhiem, gom 1 ky s trac ac va 1 phu.
Cong viec nay do 1 nhom trac ac cua cong ty am nhan. cot
moc chuan cong trnh nhan ban giao cua chu au t va cac c
quan quan ly co trach nhiem. Cac moc gii va cot nay se c
bao quan trong qua trnh thi cong, va lu gi en sau cung . Bo
phan trac ac co nhiem vu dan cot chuan vao cong trnh va lu
lai tren cac vat kien truc co nh. Tren c s co cot chuan, moc
gii tren ban ve quy hoach se xac nh v tr cu the cua cong trnh
can xay dng va tim cot cua cong trnh xay dng.
Tim cot cua cong trnh xay dng c xac nh bang may o
ac ien t.
cac so lieu o ac se c lu lai trong ban ve hoan cong
cong trnh.
2.Bien phap thi cong san nen, cong hang rao:
San nen cat ung theo ban ve thiet ke, c am va lu nen
theo he so k90. Cat c o t trong ra ngoai e lay hanh lang cho
cac phng tien khac tap ket vat lieu.
3. Biep phap thi cong mong:
a. ao at:
Xac nh c tim, cot cac mong, dung may ao kobelco ao
mong en cach cao trnh ay mong 5cm, sa lai ho mong bang
thu cong e ung cot va kch thc ho mong. at ao o thang
vao o to e chuyen ra khoi cong trnh, phan con lai se tap ket
xung quanh gan ho mong e lap chan mong. nc ngam se c
thu vao ho thap hn cot mong e bm hut nc. Ho mong ao
en cot thiet ke va c sa bang thu cong am bao kch thc,
hnh dang quy nh. ay mong c ve sinh sach, kho rao, bang
phang mi thi cong o be tong lot. Hng ao at mong cong
trnh theo s o ban ve mat bang thi cong ao at
Cong oan lap at chan mong ch thc hien khi a co bien
ban nghiem thu chat lng thi cong gia a va b phan ket cau

7/52

mong a at cng o cho phep. at o tng lp day 20 - 30cm

o eu 2 ben ti nc am ky bang may am coc.
Trong qua trnh ao at mong gap cac cong trnh ngam (nh
cong ranh thoat nc) nha thau se bt au ng ong vao cong
trnh bang va xi mang e nc ben ngoai khong chay vao ho
mong trong khi ang thi cong. Gap nhng cong trnh ky thuat ngam
khac nha thau se co bien phap bao ve e cac cong trnh o
hoat ong bnh thng.
Khi gap cac chng ngai vat bao ben a kp thi x ly e
am bao tien o.
ao at theo trnh t t trong ra ngoai.
Trong khi ao neu gap nc ngam nhieu, viec thoat nc ho
mong, nha thau se lam he thong ranh thu nc ve cac gieng thu
roi dung bm chuyen dung bm nc thoat len b va chay vao he
thong thoat nc mat bang cua cong trng.
Sau khi ao xong, dung may trac ac kiem tra lai tim, cot, dung
thc kiem tra lai kch thc hnh hoc cac ho mong. Neu at yeu
cau th chuyen tiep sang cong oan tiep theo. Trong qua trnh ao
thng xuyen kiem tra lai tim, truc, cot ay mong bang may kinh v
va may thuy bnh.
at ao c van chuyen ra khoi cong trnh bang oto va
c o vao ung ni quy nh.

8/52

GHI CHU

1
N

D
D

1 NHABA
O VE

N
D
N
D

2 VA
N PHO
NG BCH CO
NG TRNH

N
D
N

3 KHU VC R
A XE

D
N

4 NHAVESINH

N
D

5 KHU VC EXE

4
D

N
N

NG N
C THI C O
NG

NG IE
N THI C O
NG

N
D
N
D
N

HA
NG RA
O TAM

D
N
D

E
N C HIE
U SA
NG

N
D
N
N
D

D
D
N

NHAKHO

D
D
N

N
N

D
N

NG GIAO THO
NG

N
D
N
D
N

N
D

NG GIAO THO
NG

HA
NG RA
O VA
CH TO
N BA
O VECO
NG TRNH

12

CO
NG TRNH HIE
N H
U

DKIE
N VA
N PHO
NG
BOPHA
N TVA
N GIA
M SA
T

5
N

4000
N

N
D
N

6000
N

H
NG XE DI CHUYE
N

5463

NG GIAO THO
NG
1

LO
I VA
O CHNH

MA
T BA
NG A
O A
T

b. o be tong lot mong:

Trc khi tien hanh o be tong lot, dung may am coc e
am lai toan bo nen ay mong. lot mong bang be tong gach v
mac 50#. am be tong lot bang am coc hoac am ban.
Be mat be tong lot c kiem tra bang may thuy bnh.
c. Cong tac van khuon mong:
Thi cong van khuon tuan thu theo tcvn. s dung van khuon
thep nh hnh ket hp van go e gia cong va lap dng van khuon
mong.
Cac yeu cau ky thuat oi vi viec gia cong va lap dng
van khuon:
+ ung hnh dang va kch thc thiet ke.
+ am bao o kn kht .

9/52

+ am bao o cng, o on nh, de thao lap, thuan li

cho qua trnh lap dng cot thep va o be tong.
+ Khi lap dng cop pha co cac moc trac ac e am
bao thuan li thi cong.
+ Trong qua trnh lap dng cop pha can tao mot so lo
thch hp pha di e co the thoat nc ban khi ra mat nen.
cac lo nay se c bt lai khi o be tong.
+ He thong van khuon c che tao ung chung loai
yeu cau, bao am bang phang khong g, thung, loi, lom, khong
ban...
+ Khong e lai bat c bo phan kim loai nao trong long
cot thep cua be tong.
+ Tat ca he thong lo va vat co nh phai c lam
trc luc o be tong. khong c khoan hay cat bat c bo phan
nao trong be tong sau khi o be tong.
+ Be mat van khuon tiep xuc vi be tong phai c
lam sach. vi van khuon go phai c ti nc trc luc o be
tong.
+ am bao

o chnh xac cua van khuon so vi thiet

ke.
+ o chnh xac cua bo phan at van.
+ o ben vng va on nh toan bo he thong chong
.
Trong qua trnh lap at cop pha thng xuyen dung may kinh
v, thc o kiem tra tim truc cot.

10/52

Nha thau bo tr tap trung ay u vat t, nhan lc, may moc,

phng tien thi cong e at hieu qua chat lng cao nhat, an toan
nhat.
Ra
nh thoa
t n
c

Ne
m go
c
Thanh cho
ng 50x50
Va
n khuo
n the
p nh hnh

1700

MA
T BA
NG THI CO
NG MO
NG

TL : 1/25

Va
n khuo
n the
p nh hnh
a
t t nhie
n

my
mcc

Thanh cho
ng 50x50
Ne
m go
c

Va
n khuo
n the
p
Go
ng

Beto
ng lo
t

Cho
ng xie
n

Ra
nh thu n
c

1700

1500

-0.050

MA
T CA
T VA
N KHUO
N MO
NG TL : 1/ 25
angang

a
t t nhie
n

t t nhin
Beto
ng lo
t

-1.750

Ra
nh thu n
c
1500

Bt lt

11/52
VA
N KHUO
NM
CO
MO
CHI
TIE
T A
A
T N
TL G
: 1/ 25 TL : 1/25

d. Qua trnh thao d:

Thi gian e thao d van khuon phu thuoc cng o be
tong va thi tiet mua vu va vung kh hau khac nhau. qua trnh
thao d tranh gay va ap vao ket cau . van khuon sau khi thao
d se c ve sinh sach se, sa cha nhng cho bien dang boi
m chong g roi c cat vao ni quy nh
e. Ga cong va lap dng cot thep :
Viec gia cong va lap dng cot theo tuan theo yeu cau thiet
ke va phu hp vi tieu chuan thiet ke tcvn 5574-1991 ket cau be
tong cot thep, va tcvn :1651-1985 thep cot be tong. thep trc khi
s dung c keo th cho moi lo hang e xac nh cng o theo
thiet ke. mau th nghiem kiem tra theo tieu chuan tcvn 197:1985 kim
loai phng phap th keo va tcvn198:1985 kim loai- phng phap th
uon . thep s dung phai at cac yeu cau k thuat va c can
bo ky thuat ong y mi c s dung.
Cot thep trc khi s dung phai c ve sinh sach se, tranh
ban va dnh bam dau, m, at.

khi van chuyen cot thep trong

cong trng co can bo hng dan cu the cho cong nhan cach neo
buoc, cach bao ve thep khoi h hai hay bien dang. thep c bao
quan trong lan che tranh ma nang va c ke cao cach mat at
45cm. thep c xep thanh tng lo theo ng knh e de nhan
biet va s dung. viec gia cong lap dng c tien hanh tai cong
trng.
Cot thep c nan thang bang ti, uon va cat nguoi tuan
theo tcvn 8874-91.vi thep 10 c nan thang bang cach dung ti
keo, vi cac loai thep con lai th s dung may cat uon thep. cot
thep gia cong xong c xep thanh tng lo. moi lo lay 5% san
pham e kiem tra, tr so sai lech khong qua quy nh theo tcvn 445395. khi gia cong cot thep phai che chan bao am an toan trong suot
qua trnh.
Yeu cau ky thuat cua cot thep:
+ Sai so cho phep: theo kch thc chieu dai cua cot thep
chu lc moi met dai5 va cho toan bo chieu dai 20
+ Sai lech ve v tr iem uon 20

12/52

Viec xac nh chieu dai cot thep phai c tham khao theo
kch thc thc te. cac kch thc c can chnh chuan xac va
khong c vt qua sai so cho phep.
Noi thep c dung noi han va noi buoc. neu noi han th
tuan thu theo tcvn 5724-93, noi buoc th theo quy nh thiet ke va quy
pham cot thep trong be tong. cot thep c at trong van khuon
theo ung v tr thiet ke. va c kiem tra, giam sat chat che cua
can bo ky thuat cong trng. gia van khuon va cot thep co ke
cac con ke bao ve bang be tong theo ung chieu day lp bao
ve. hnh dang cot thep sau khi lap dng phai am bao on nh
chac chan, khong b bien dang trong qua trnh thi cong trong cac
cong oan tiep theo.
Cot thep ch lien ket vi cot c gi on nh trong thi cong
bang he thong gia ket hp vi he thong chong thanh cop
pha .
Cot thep khi lap dng phai am bao :
+ Lap at ung v tr cua tng thanh.
+ am bao khoang cach gia cac thanh .
+ am bao lp be tong bao ve.
+ Cot thep phai sach se khong b hoen g, dnh dau m,
bun at.
+ am bao o vng chac va on nh cua cac moi noi.
+ am bao o vng chac cua cot thep trong qua trnh
o be tong.
trc khi o be tong cac cau kien, cong tac lap dng cot
thep phai c nghiem thu gia cac ben.
f. Cong tac be tong :
Xi mang s dung am bao theo cac yeu cau cua tcvn 2682-92.
Cot lieu dung cho be tong thoa man yeu cau cua tcvn 177086, 1771-86
Nc dung cho be tong thoa man yeu cau tcvn 4560-87.
Viec lay mau th tai cong trng c thc hien vi s giam
sat cua ky s hoac ngi c uy quyen. so mau th lay theo
tcvn 4452-87.
Yeu cau oi vi mau th la sau 7 ngay phai at 65%
cng o, sau 28 ngay at 100 cng o.
*Trnh t thi cong be tong gom cac bc:
13/52

Cong tac chuan b:

Kiem tra o chnh xac cac bo phan trong cong tac van khuon,
cot thep trc khi o be tong nham am bao o on nh. van
khuon cot thep phai c nghiem thu trc khi o be tong . dung
may thuy bnh, may kinh v e kiem tra lai cot ay mong va cot
nh mong, v tr cac truc .
Cong tac o be tong:
o be tong phai am bao khong sai lech v tr cot thep,
cop pha va lp bao ve. chieu cao o be tong 1,5m, neu ln hn
th dung mang o hoac ong voi co thiet b rung ong. thng
xuyen theo doi tnh trang cua van khuon va he thong chong
va v tr cua cot thep. khi o be tong gap tri ma, th cac oan
o be tong c che chan tranh nc ma xam nhap. neu thi
gian ngng o qua lau th trc khi tien hanh o tiep theo phai
lam nham be mat e tang o lien ket lien khoi. trong qua trnh
o be tong tranh e be tong dnh vao cac bo phan khac cua
van khuon va cac vat chon san nhng cho cha o be tong .
co bien phap x ly kp thi nhng bo phan van khuon b bien
dang trong qua trnh thi cong.
Giam sat ghi chep, nghiem thu: thc hien vi cac noi
dung:
Ngay bat au va ket thuc cong viec o be tong.
Kiem tra o sut cua be tong
Khoi lng cong tac be tong hoan thanh theo phan oan
cong trnh.
Bien ban chuan b kiem tra mau be tong, so lng mau,
so hieu, thi han, ket qua th nghiem mau.
Nhiet o ngoai tri trong thi gian o be tong.
Nhiet o hon hp be tong trc khi o.
Cac ieu kien am bao ky thuat khi o be tong:
o be tong en au san bang va am ngay en o,
khong o thanh ong cao tranh cac hat to di don xuong chan
ong. khong o betong vao nhng cho betong cha am chat.
phan chia pham vi am va giao cho tng to phan cong phu trach
e tranh hien tng am sot, am lai. ch ban giao ca khi a am
xong hon hp be tong a o xuong khoang o.

14/52

Be tong se c o thanh tng lp va c am ky

bang am dui. khi am betong mui am be tong lp tren se
c cam xuong lp di 10cm. trong qua trnh o be tong, can bo
ky thuat thng xuyen theo doi on oc e kp thi ieu chnh
nhng sai sot cua cot thep va v tr cua nhng chi tiet ch can
thiet at trong betong. sau khi o betong xong kiem tra lai cot
nh mong bang may thuy bnh. trong qua trnh o betong khi can
bo tr mach dng betong th mach dng betong phai phang va
vuong goc vi be mat cau kien. v tr mach dng phai v tr co
noi lc nho 1/3 nhp hoac 2/3 nhp ket cau. trc khi o betong
lp tiep theo th uc nham be mat va ve sinh sach se. am be
tong :
+ Khong nen am nhieu qua tranh hien tng va be
tong long, xi mang va cat tap trung xung quanh chay am va noi
len mat gay hien tng phan tang.
+ Khi am bang am dui, chieu day lp be tong o
khong nen vt qua 1,25 chieu dai cua bo phan gay chan ong.
am dui phai an sau xuong lp di 10cm e lien ket tot 2 lp
vi nhau. thi gian am tai mot v tr khoang 30 giay. khoang cach
di chuyen qua am la 1,5 lan ban knh tac dung cua qua am, va
c rut t t khong c tat may .
+ Khi am bang am ban, may am phai keo t t va
khoang cach gia 2 vet am 510cm. thi gian am tai mot v tr t
3035 giay.
+ Tai v tr cot thep day ac, neu khong dung c am
th co the dung oan sat e am .
+ Khi am tranh lam sai lech v tr cot thep va h hong
van khuon
+ Dung san cong tac trong qua trnh am be tong, tranh
dam trc tiep len cot thep .
Cong tac bao dng be tong:
Sau khi o be tong t 10 en 12h tien hanh bao dng be
tong theo tcvn 4453-95 bang cach bm ti nc va gi am bang
bao tai t . thi gian bao dng be tong phu thuoc thi tiet, vao
nhiet o moi trng ma co bien phap phu hp. trong thi gian
bao dng tranh cac tac ong co the anh hng en s phat
trien cng o be tong. thng xuyen kiem tra o am be tong,
15/52

neu tri nong qua th phai co phu bao tai ay e gi o am. be

tong thng xuyen c ti nc cho en khi lap at mong. at
lap mong c ti nc u e gi o am cho be tong . tranh
be tong b va cham manh trong thi gian ong cng. viec theo doi
bao dng be tong c cac ky s thi cong ghi lai trong nhat ky thi
cong, co ch ky cua t van giam sat.
Thao d coffa:
Ch c thao d coffa sau khi betong a at cng o quy
nh theo hng dan cua can bo ky thuat thi cong.
Khi thao d cofa phai thao d theo trnh t hp ly, phai co
bien phap e phong van khuon ri hoac ket cau cong trnh b sup
o bat ng. ni thao van khuon phai co rao ngan bien bao.
Trc khi thao cofa phai thu gon het cac vat lieu tha va cac
thiet b tren cac bo phan cong trnh sap thao coffa.
Khi thao coffa phai thng xuyen quan sat tnh trang cac bo
phan ket cau, neu co hien tng bien dang phai ngng thao va
bao cao cho can bo ky thuat thi cong biet.
Sau khi thao coffa phai che chan cac lo hong cua cong trnh,
khong c e coffa len san cong tac hay nem coffa t tren xuong.
coffa sau khi thao phai e ung ni quy nh. thao d coffa oi vi
nhng khoang o betong cot thep co khau o ln phai thc hien
ay u yeu cau ve chong tam thi.
Khi thao coffa neu xuat hien nhng vet ro tren be mat th
tien hanh uc vet ro sau o chen bang hon hp va be tong
neu c s ong y cua thiet ke. cop pha a giao ch c thao
d khi be tong at cng o cho phep la 70% mac thiet ke khi ket
cau khong mang tai trong ngoai tai trong ban than. khi thao d
cop pha tranh khong gay tac ong cuc bo len ket cau. khi thao
xong a giao phai i cho be tong u cng o thiet ke th mi
c chat tai len. mat ngoai cua be tong c lam hoan thien
cang sm cang tot ngay sau khi thao van khuon.
4. Cong tac be tong cot thep cot, dam, san (mai):
Do ac iem cong trnh, cong tac be tong cot thep la het
sc quan trong, co anh hng sau sac ti tuoi tho va o ben
cong trnh. can c vao ieu kien thi cong va kinh nghiem trong lnh

16/52

vc xay dng, nha thau e xuat trnh t thi cong phan ket cau be
tong cot thep theo trnh t sau:
nh v tim truc, kch thc, hnh dang va cao o cua cau kien
oi vi cong tac be tong cot thep cot, sau khi be tong
mong hoac be tong san a at cng o khoang 25kg/cm2, ky s
trac a se bat mc tim truc va ng chu vi cua cau kien, ong
thi phai gi cac ng bat mc nay ra ngoai pham vi cau kien
mot khoang bang 500mm e de dang kiem tra cong tac lap dng
cot thep va van khuon.
oi vi cong tac be tong cot thep dam san,sau khi a d
van khuon cot, ky s trac a se chuyen cao o va tim truc len
than cot va nh cot e t o xac nh c v tr hnh dang cho
viec trien khai lap dng cot thep va van khuon dam san.

Cong tac gia cong lap dng cot thep.

Trc khi gia cong cot thep, nha thau phai e trnh ban ve gia
cong chi tiet cot thep len chu au t e xem xet va phe duyet
ca ve kch thc hnh hoc cua tng thanh, so lng tng thanh va
tong trong lng oi vi tng cau kien cu the. sau o cot thep
c gia cong cat, uon bang may cat, may uon thep

tai cong

trng da tren ban ve che tao cot thep a c duyet. cot thep
a gia cong c anh so th t ro rang va xap sep theo tng
chung loai rieng biet oi vi tng cau kien cu the e tranh
nham lan khi van chuyen va lap dng. cot thep tap ket tai cong
trnh eu c bao quan bang gia cach mat at t nhat 45cm
va co mai che e cot thep khong b nc ma lam r va dnh
bun at.
Gia cong cot thep phai c tien hanh khu vc rieng, xung
quanh co rao chan va bien bao. cat uon cot thep phai dung
nhng thiet b chuyen dung, phai co bie phap ngan nga thep
vang ra khi cat cot thep co nhng oan ngan hn hoac bang 0,3m.
oi vi cac cau kien mong, dam giang mong, cot, cot thep
gia cong se c la chon ung chung loai, van chuyen thu cong
17/52

ti v tr lap at. sau khi cot thep c nghiem thu mi c tien

hanh ghep cot pha. lap at cot thep mong bao gom ca thep ch
cot. thep ch cot c am bao o dai theo quy pham.
oi vi dam san, cot thep sau khi gia cong se c van
chuyen va lap dng tai hien trng. noi thep bang phng phap
noi buoc vi chieu dai noi = 30d tuy theo ng knh thep. s
dung con ke be tong e am bao chieu day lp bao ve. cac con
ke be tong c at tai nhng v tr thch hp song cung khong qua
1m mot iem ke. cac vien nay c che tao bang va xi mang
theo ty le xm/c = 1/3
Cong tac gia cong lap dng van khuon
Trong cong trnh nay, vat lieu e gia cong lap dng van khuon
la van khuon thep. oi vi tng cau kien cu the, nha thau se
la chon phng an van khuon thch hp va thuan tien cho viec nh
hnh cau kien nhat. khoang cach gia cac nep doc, nep ngang c
tnh toan theo ap lc cua be tong khi am. oi vi van khuon san
can phai tnh them trong lng be tong, tai trong ngi va o
vong cua san.
Van khuon phai c ghep ung kch thc cau kien, phai
chat, kn kht khong cong venh e am bao khong b mat nc
ximang trong qua trnh o.
oi vi cac cau kien la mong se dung van khuon nhom v.
van khuon c lien ket vi nhau chac chan. e tranh xe dch v
tr hay b phnh o. dam be tong phai vang chong nh v theo
phng ngang va xien. s

dung cac vien ke bang be tong e

am bao cot thep khong b uon hoac cong sat vao thanh van
khuon khi ieu chnh v tr van khuon. sau khi lap dng xong, da vao
ng bat mc truc va cac cos cao o e kiem tra toan bo he
thong van khuon ca ve kch thc, v tr, hnh dang cao o theo thiet
ke.
oi vi van khuon cot, dung van khuon thep nh hnh ket
hp vi gong thep goc l63x63x6 che tao san va co the dung cho
nhieu kch thc cot khac nhau. khoang cach cac gong nay se
c tnh toan cu the cho tng cot e tranh bien dang trong thi
cong. pha di chan cot phai e 1 lo nho e don ve sinh trc
khi o be tong. oi vi cac cot cao hn 1,5m phai e ca o be
tong e tranh phan tang.
18/52

oi vi van khuon dam dung van khuon thep nh hnh. he

thong van khuon dam bang dam go 80x120 va 100x120. cac
dam nay c ty len he giao chong to hp c ieu chnh o
cao bang cac kch chan.
Van khuon san dung go van ep day 20 hoac van khuon ton
san va c at chm len van khuon thanh dam e co the thao
van khuon thanh dam sm. he thong van khuon san la he
giao chong to hp.
Ngoai ra trong qua trnh lap dng van khuon neu co cac
ng ong ky thuat i qua hay nam trong phan be tong, nha thau
se at cac ong ch trc khi o be tong.

19/52

20/52

1. Vn khun sn 300x1500

7. X g 8x8 cm

2. Vn thnh dm

8. Thanh chng xin

3. Vn y dm

9. Ct chng n chng dm

4. X g ngang 8x10 cm

10.Gio PAL x g dc

5. X g dc 10x12 cm

11. Ging ngang

6. Tm gc trong 150x100

12. Ging ct chng

21/52

Vn khun dm thp nh h
nh
Vn khun sn thp 200 x 1200
X g vn sn 80x100 v 100x120
Np ng thnh dm 50x60
Thanh chng xin 60x60
Thanh diu 50x50
X g dm 100x100
Thanh ging cho 40x60
Np y dm 50x50
Gio Pan
Ct chng g chT 80x80

Cong tac van chuyen va o be tong.

Sau khi a nghiem

thu uc phan van khuon va cot thep,

tien hanh thi cong phan be tong. dung be tong thng pham e
o be tong.
Nha thau se e ra bien phap thi cong, to chc mat bang thi
cong khoa hoc, bo tr he thong san cong tac hp ly e qua trnh
van chuyen va o be tong c thuan tien, lien tuc va at hieu
qua cao nhat.
Khi o be tong phai tuan thu nhng nguyen tac sau ay:
+ Chieu cao o be tong khong vt qua 1.5m e tranh hien
tng phan tang. trng hp khong the khong che c chieu cao
o nay th phai ap dung cac bien phap o be tong khac nh
dung them ong voi, dung them he mang nghieng hay e lo ch
san tren van khuon cot.
+ Phai o be tong t tren xuong di, he thong san thao
tac phai bac cao hn mat hoan thien cua khoi o be tong. trong
qua trnh o be tong khong c e ngi hay cac phng tien o
be tong va cham trc tiep vao cot thep va van khuon.
+ Tai v tr co mach ngng thi cong, nha thau tuyet oi tuan
thu theo cac chi tiet cau tao a c ch nh trong ban ve thiet
22/52

ke, ngoai cac v tr nay ra ch c phep tao mach ngng thi cong
khi co s ong y cua chu au t.
+ Thi gian van chuyen, o va am betong phai c tnh
toan sao cho ngan nhat e tranh anh hng en chat lng cua
betong.
+ Ngay sau khi o betong xong, cot thep ch se c lau chui
bang gie t e lam sach va be tong bam tren cot thep.
Cong tac am be tong
Cong tac nay ac biet quan trong v co anh hng trc tiep
en o ong nhat, chac ac cua khoi o be tong va am bao
khong b rong trong, ro be mat ngoai ong thi tao ieu
kien cho be tong bam chac vao cot thep.
Nha thau chu yeu se s dung loai am dui co kch thc
dui d=30- 50mm, chieu dai voi am thch hp e am be tong,
ngoai ra con ap dung them am ban cho trng hp o betong
cac cau kien co kch thc be ngang rong.
Khi o betong phai s dung theo ung yeu cau ky thuat oi
vi tng loai am cu the, am bao am kn kht toan bo cau kien
c o be tong, khong bo sot bat c v tr nao nham am bao
va nang cao chat lng cua khoi o be tong.
Trong qua trnh o be tong, nha thau se bo tr mot may thuy
bnh e kiem tra thng xuyen cao o mat e thi cong theo ung
cao trnh thiet ke.
Bao dng be tong
Sau khi ket thuc cong tac o be tong, ta phai tien hanh bao
dng khoi betong mi o e tranh khong cho nc ben ngoai
tham nhap vao, khong lam mat nc be mat, khong cho tac dung
lc vao khoi be tong cha at cng o, khong gay rung ong lam
long cot thep, tranh khong b anh hng cua ieu kien thi tiet.
ac biet trong mua nong hoac kho, khi o xong be tong phai phu
ngay len be mat be tong lp bao tai tho t e gi o am cua
khoi o. sau khoang t 4 - 7 gi phai ti nc len lp bao tai o
va trong 2 ngay au tien c sau 2 gi phai ti nc mot lan.
nhng ngay sau khoang t 3 - 10 gi phai ti nc mot lan va
cong viec nay keo dai t nhat 07 ngay lien tuc. ch cho phep i lai
tren be mat be tong khi be tong a at cng o >=25kg/cm2.
Cong tac thao d van khuon
23/52

Cong tac thao d van khuon phai tuyet oi tuan theo yeu
cau cua thiet ke a duyet va eu phai c s ong y cua chu
au t . am bao nguyen tac: van khuon khong chu lc thao
trc ,van khuon chu lc thao sau. khi thao d cac loai van khuon
chu lc phai nghien cu ky s truyen lc trong he van khuon, phu
hp vi s lam viec cua cau kien c thao d e tranh khong
anh hng ti ket cau cau kien va an toan trong suot qua trnh
thao d. khi d van khuon a giao khong c e chung ri t do
ma phai ha tng bo phan mot trong khi bo phan con lai van trong
trang thai on nh .
oi vi cac loai van khuon khong chu lc nh van khuon
thanh dam, van khuon cot, ch c phep thao d sau t nhat
bang 12 gi ke t khi o xong betong.
Khi thao d van khuon phai tranh khong c gay st me
canh be tong va lam h hong van khuon. neu thay cac khuyet
tat cua be mat betong phai c x ly kp thi bang va be
tong soi nho di s ong y chu au t. trng hp khuyet tat
ln phai bao cao vi chu au t e quyet nh bien phap x ly
ky thuat kp thi va nha thau khong t y sa cha nham che
giau hien tng nay .
Sau khi c thao ra, van khuon se c ve sinh sach se va
sap xep gon gang theo tng chung loai, kch thc tieu chuan.
nhng tam van b cong venh hay h hong sau khi thao d se c
phan loai va a vao xng e sa cha lai.
5. Cong tac xay gach:
Gach xay s dung loai gach lo theo ch nh cua ho s ky
thuat. gach xay c tap ket tai cong trng theo nhu cau cua tien
o thi cong, trong qua trnh boc xep phai loai bo ngay nhng vien
gach khong u tieu chuan nh phong, rop, st me. gach trc khi
xay phai c ti nc.
Va xay s dung va xi mang cat tron tai cong trng bang
may tron va150 lt theo mac thiet ke. cap phoi cua va xay c
ong o bang hoc o tieu chuan. nha thau se e trnh len chu au
t va ky s t van e phe duyet trc khi tien hanh cong tac xay.
Nha thau se chuan b bat mc lai tim truc va cac ng gi
cua toan bo hang muc, chi tiet en tng v tr tng xay, v tr ca,
e tien hanh cong tac xay mot cach chnh xac va thuan tien.
24/52

Cong tac xay phai bao am cac nguyen tac sau:

+ Chieu ngang phai bang phang, chieu ng phai thang, mat
cua khoi xay khong c loi lom, nghieng lech, khong c xay
trung mach va cac goc khoi xayphai vuong, sac canh.
+ Mach va ngang va ng phai ac chac, khong rong va
khong c day qua 1.5 cm
oi vi nhng khoi xay cao hn 1.5m, phai lap dng san cong
tac chac chan e cong nhan co the thao tac de dang khi xay
tng .
Sau khi xay c 5 hang gach, kiem tra lai o thang ng cua
tng va ieu chnh ngay neu co s sai lech.
oi vi oan tng co ca i lai hoac ca so, kch thc ca
se c xac nh can c vao cac iem moc c anh dau tren
mat san be tong va tren mat cot. khi xay cha lai lo ca.
khoang pha tren ca, o be lanh to trc khi xay tiep phan tren.
Va xay phai c cha trong cac mang va, khong c e
ba bai. di chan khoi xay phai lot van e hng va ri e
khong cho va tiep xuc tiep xuc trc tiep len be mat san va de
don ve sinh cong trng.

25/52

6. Cong tac trat

Va trat s dung va xi mang cat, c tron bang may tron
150 lt tai cong trng theo ung mac thiet ke, sau o c van
chuyen bang thu cong en v tr thi cong. cat s dung e tron
va phai ung tieu chuan. cap phoi va xay c ong, o bang
hoc tieu chuan c thiet ke theo nh mc cap phoi va trat.
bang tnh toan kch thc hoc o nha thau se e trnh len chu au
t va ky s t van phe duyet trc khi thi cong.
Khi tng xay a kho rao, u cng o, tien hanh cong tac
trat. con oi vi tran be tong cot thep khi tran a u cng
o, van khuon a d xong, tien hanh don dep mat bang bat au
cong tac trat. s dung dan giao thep va van, san thep lam san
cong tac cho cong nhan thc

hien cac thao tac trat tng. cong

nhan trat se c bo tr mang ng va khong e va trc tiep

len mat san be tong. oi vi tng oan tng, cong tac trat
c thc hien trnh t t tren xuong di. tran trat trc sau o
trat tng. trc khi trat tran, tng, tien hanh ve sinh mat tng,
tran va s dung cac iem tim, cot san co tren mat san, mat
cot, tao moc trat tren be mat tng.
26/52

oi vi mat ngoai tng bao, tien hanh gia co nen, lap at

va neo gi chac chan he thong gian giao, san cong tac toan bo
cao mat tng ngoai,sau o tien hanh trat t tren xuong di.
Sau khi trat xong, ve sinh khu vc thi cong va lam hang rao tam
e bao ve mat trat cho en khi u cng.
Mat trat phai phang, khong co giap lai, khong ran nt chan
chim, cac goc phai vuong, thang, ngang bang.

T ng bn

nn nh

Cc mc inh ghim vo t ng
t mc 1 t i 16

ng mc p bng va t o mt
phng cho t ng

ng ging p mc
cho b c 2

TRA
T T
NG NGA
N

MA
T CA
T A-A

ng mc trt ly phng

Th c g t o mc

220

27/52

7. Cong tac lang va

Yeu cau ve sinh sach se be mat trc khi lang, sau o dung
may thuy bnh e lam cac moc cao o bang va theo o doc thet
ke cua be mat lang.
o va vao va san eu ra, dung ban xoa e ap manh cho
va bam chac vao be mat lang. dung thc can bang nhom dai
2m e can phang mat roi dung ban xoa hoan thien be mat. xoa
cho nao phai xong luon cho o va khi vao xoa phai at van go
len nen va, tranh khong ngoi trc tiep len mat va khi thao tac.
8. Cong tac lat gach:
Mat nen chuan b lat phai sach se, gach lat phai c ngam
nc ky trc khi lat.
Can c vao o doc cua nen, dung may thuy bnh anh dau
cao o lat nen xung quanh tng nha roi cang day lat hai hang
gach ngang va doc ngoai cung trc e lam moc va phai ieu
chnh ky gach lat cho khoi venh roi mi cang day lat tiep cac
hang gach trong. c lat xong hai hoac ba hang lai dung gie lau sach
va tren mat lat roi mi lat tiep.
Khi nen lat a kho va th trang mach bang ho xi mang trang
deo, gat cho ho xi mang that ay mach, rac xi mang kho len e
hut het nc sau roi gat lai mach lat va lau chui that sach se mat
gach lat.
Mat lat phang, khong bong bop, co o thoat, x ly am
bao ky my thuat cac v tr lat gach b thieu khong u vien
nguyen.
9. Cac cong tac khac:
Ngoai cac cong tac ky thuat a c neu tren, cac cong
tac khac khong c neu ra se c nha thau thc hien theo ung
qui trnh, qui pham ky thuat va tieu chuan Viet Nam, luon chap
hanh nghiem tuc cac qui trnh, qui nh oi vi cac cong tac
nghiem thu trong qua trnh thi cong nham am bao cho cong trnh
c hoan thanh vi chat lng va ky my thuat cao nhat.

28/52

B. Thi Cong Phan Ha Tang Ky Thuat

NG NOI BO, NEN KHO
1. Cong tac chuan b:
- Khoi phuc lai cac coc trong pham vi thi cong.
- Di coc ra khoi pham vi thi cong
- Len ga (khuon): nham am bao thi cong nen ng ung thiet
ke.
- Cong tac len khuon ng nham co nh (anh dau) nhng v
tr chu yeu cua mat cat ngang nen ng tren thc te e
am bao cho viec thi cong nen ng ung vi thiet ke.
- Tai lieu dung e len khuon ng la ban ve mat bang tong
the, trac doc, trac ngang.
- Cong tac len khuon nen ng c thc hien nh sau:
Cam cac coc tim.
Cam cac coc vai ng.
- V ay la nen ng ao nen cac coc len khuon phai ong
ngoai pham vi thi cong.
- Len ga cho thi cong bang c gii gom cac dung cu: may thuy
bnh, may kinh v, cac coc tieu, day cang
2. ao vet nen ng: (Hng ao t trong ra ngoai theo hng ra
vao cong cua xe)
- Kiem tra nen ng trc khi tien hanh ao vet (cao o, o
bang phang).
- Nen ng sau khi ao vet phai kiem tra cao o, o chat.
- Cac goc cay nam trong khu vc nen ng phai boc d len
het trc khi tien hanh cac cong tac tiep theo.
- Kiem tra kch thc hnh hoc ay nen sau khi boc lp hu c,
kiem tra tim tuyen.
- Dung may ao gau nghch 0,5m3 e ao at .
- Gau nghch ao at len xe theo hnh thc o ngang.
- at c ao o len xe o to t o va van chuyen i.
3. ap cat en nen kho:
Chieu day ap nen kho t 80cm en 90cm. Nen ta chia thanh
02 lp e ap moi lp day 45cm. trc khi ap lp tren lp di
phai am bao o chat va o am theo thiet ke.
- Vat lieu cat phai at cac yeu cau ky thuat cua vat lieu.
- Van chuyen vat lieu en cong trng.

29/52

Sau khi san gat vat lieu bang may chuyen dung tien hanh lu bang lu
banh xch sau o tiep tuc lu bang lu banh lop co tai trong tang dan
e at o chat yeu cau.

S O LU

BERO
NG VE
T

1
0.2

0.2
1

LU 8T

4. Thi Cong Lp Cap Phoi a Dam Loai II

a/ Chuan b:
- Ho s nghiem thu chuyen giai oan.
- Cac chng ch, ch tieu c ly cua vat lieu.
- O to van chuyen t o.
- Trang thiet b phun nc moi khau thi cong (xe phun nc, voi
ti nc cam tay, bnh ti thu cong).
- May rai CP a dam (neu khong co may chuyen dung th cho
phep dung may san t hanh nhng tuyet oi khong c dung
may ui).
- Cac loai lu chuyen dung:lu tnh 8 10T; lu rung hoac lu banh lop
co tai trong 2,5 4 tan /banh.
- S dung o to t o e van chuyen vat lieu CP a dam en
cong trng, o thanh tng ong ngay tren long ng.
- Ta tien hanh rai cap phoi a dam loai II
- Khoang cach cac ong CP a dam c tnh toan nh sau:
l

Q
B*h

Trong o:
Q: the tch cua xe van chuyen (Q = 14m3)
B: chieu rong mat ng can o ( chon B=10m)
h: be day cua lp CP a dam can rai
Vi:
h = h1 * k
k: he so lu len CP a dam k = 1,4
h1: be day lp CP a dam 0.2m
Khoang cach gia cac ong soi o la:
l

14
= 5m
(10 * 0,2 * 1,4)

Vay ta chon: l = 5 m
- Neu cho xe o cung luc 14m3 vi khoang cach la 5m th xe san
se kho lam viec dan en nang suat giam. Do o ta se cho xe

30/52

o lam 2 lan, moi lan khoang 7m 3 va khoang cach gia cac

ong CP a dam la hn 2.5m.
b/ Cong tac ra a:
- Thi cong 1 oan th 200 300m2 trc khi trien khai ai tra e
rut kinh nghiem hoan chnh quy trnh va day chuyen cong nghe
tren thc te tat ca cac khau: chuan b rai va am nen CP
a dam.
- Viec rai th phai co chng kien cua Chu au T va TVGS.
- Khi rai (hoac san) ai tra o am cua CP a dam phai bang o
am tot nhat hoac +1%, neu CP a dam cha u o am th
phai va rai (san) va ti nc bang xe hoac bnh voi sen vi
voi phun chech len e tao ma (tranh phun manh lam troi cac
hat nho, ong thi phai am bao phun eu).
- Dung li san, san ong CP a dam thanh lp co chieu day:
H1 = h * k
h: chieu day lp vat lieu khi a lu len (h = 0,2m)
k: he so lu len (k = 1,4)
Vay H1 = 0,2* 1,4 = 0,28m = 28cm

c/ Cong tac lu len:

Trc khi lu neu thay CP a dam cha at o am th co the
ti nc (ti nhe va eu, khong phun manh); tri nang to co
the ti 2 3l nc /m2.
Lu s bo bang lu banh sat 8 10T vi 3 4 lan / iem.
Dung lu rung 14T vi so lan 8 10 lan / iem.
Tiep theo dung lu 25T.
Lu la phang lai bang lu banh sat 8 10T.

S O LU 10T

v
a he

1.1

0.2

0.3

0.3
0.5
0.2
0.3

2
1

LU 10T
Trong qua trnh lu van can ti am nhe e bu lai lng nc
a mat va nen luon gi am mat lp CP a dam khi ang lu
chat. o chat CP a dam K 0.98 trong ca be day lp. Trong
qua trnh lu len phai thng xuyen kiem tra o chat.

5. Thi Cong Lp Cap Phoi a Dam Loai I.

31/52

Ta tien hanh tng t nh thi cong CP a dam loai II ch khac la

cong tac nay CP a dam ch rai (san) day 15cm cho ng
tai nhe.

S O LU BANH LOP 16T

v
a he
CA
P PHO
I A
DA
M LOAI II DA
Y 20cm

2.3

0.2

0.3
1.3
0.2
0.3

LU BA
NH LO
P 16T

6. Thi Cong Bo Va:

- Sau khi thi cong xong lp CP a dam loai I day 15cm th ta tien
hanh lap at bo va
- Bo va c thiet ke uc san tai xng roi van chuyen en
cong trng.
- Trc khi lap at bo va ta dung may thuy bnh e kiem tra lai
cao o cua lp va em (va xi mang M100 day 2cm). Sau o
ta tien hanh uc be mat cua lp be tong cho loi lom tao o
nham e co the dnh tot. Ta tret mot lp ho len be mat e
tao o dnh bam.
- Ta tan dung may ao e cau va lap dat bo va, sau o tien
hanh tret noi cac khe cua bo va.
* Nghiem thu bo va:
- Ta tien hanh nghiem thu ngay tai cong trng vi mot so yeu
cau sau:
- Ket cau be tong cua bo va phai phu hp vi thiet ke va
cac tieu chuan hien hanh cua Nha Nc.
- Cng o be tong cua bo va phai ung vi thiet ke.
- Hnh dang ben ngoai cua ket cau khong c bien dang, st
me, phai am bao ung vi kch thc thiet ke.
7. Ti nhu tng dnh ban tieu chuan 1.0kg/m2
- e cho lp BTN hat trung c bang phang va dnh bam tot vi
lp CP a dam th ta phai tien hanh cong tac chuan b that
can than; gat bo, bu phu nhng cho loi lom cuc bo cua lp
CP a dam; ti 1 lp nha tieu chuan 1.kg/m2.
8. Thi cong lp btn hat tho day 7 cm
a/ Chuan b trc khi rai
- Kiem tra cao o cua mat lp mong bang may thuy bnh.
- Kiem tra o bang phang cua mat lp mong bang thc dai
3m.
32/52

Kiem tra o doc ngang cua mong bang thc mau hoac bang
may thuy bnh.
- Kiem tra o doc doc cua mong.
- Kiem tra o sach va o kho rao cua mat mong bang mat
- Kiem tra ky thuat ti nha dnh bam bang mat.
- Kiem tra v tr cac coc tim va cac coc gii han cua vet rai.
- Dung xe co tai trong 10T e van chuyen hon hp BTN t bai
tron ve a iem thi cong roi o vao pheu tiep nhan cua
may rai BTN. V may rai co cong suat 20T/h nen ta bo tr 2 xe
van chuyen lien tiep va o vao cung mot luc nham nang
cao nang suat cua may rai BTN va rut ngan thi gian thi
cong.
Chu y:
- Phai am bao nhiet o cua BTN khi en ni thi cong khong
c thap hn 120, do o khi van chuyen ta phai che kn thung
xe.
- Phai ghi ro lch trnh xe chay.
b/ Rai hon hp BTN:
- Do 2 ben mep cua chieu rong BTN la bo va nen khong can
at cot pha.
- Dung may rai co cong suat 20T/h tien hanh rai hon hp BTN
thanh lp co chieu day:
H1 = h * k
Vi:
H1: chieu cao lp rai BTN
h: chieu cao lp BTN theo thiet ke (7cm)
k: he so am nen (k = 1,4)?
H1 = 7 * 1,4 = 9,8cm
- Dung may thuy bnh va mia e kiem tra cao o lp rai.
Chu y:
- Khi oan ng dai phai chia ra nhieu oan e rai th trc khi
rai day BTN mi ben canh th ta phai sa sang va quet 1 lp
nha long mep day BTN cu.
c/ Lu len:
- To chc lu th e xac dnh ro lan lu len co ket hp cac loai
lu.
- May rai en au th phai lu ngay en o, hon hp BTN cang
nong th viec lu len cang at hieu qua.
- Sau 1 lt lu au tien ta phai kiem tra o bang phang bang
thc 3m.
- Lu s bo: dung lu banh nhan 10T lu khoang 3 lt/ iem vi toc
o lu khoang 2Km/h.
- Lu chat: Dung lu banh lop 16T lu khoang 15 lt/ iem vi toc
o khoang 3Km/h.
- Lu hoan thien: Sau o tiep tuc dung lu banh nhan 10T lu lai
khoang 10 lt/ iem vi toc o lu khoang 3,5Km/h.
- Trong qua trnh lu, xe lu i t mep ng vao tim ng, vet
banh lu sau e len vet lu trc khoang 20 25cm. Cac lt lu
au tien danh cho cho tiep giap cua cho tiep giap gia mep
ng va le ng.
-

33/52

S O LU 10T

v
a he

1.3
0.3
0.65
0.3
0.3

LU 10T

Trong qua trnh lu len khong c dng lai tren lp BTN mi rai
(nhat la luc BTN con nong). Khi tien hanh lu phai ieu khien
nhe nhang e hon hp BTN khong b don ve pha trc thanh
lan song, may lu can phai i lui lai trong vai lt lu au tien.
Sau 2 3 lt lu au tien cua may lu s bo can phai kiem tra
o doc ngang va o bang phang cua mat ng.
- Bo tr nhan cong theo doi va tien hanh lam cac cong viec sau:
+ San eu cho loi lom.
+ X ly nhng cho qua nhieu nha hay hon hp qua kho, ri
rac th phai ao bo, thay hon hp mi, am len can than.
+ Boi trn be mat banh lu nhan bang nc hoac hon hp
nc vi dau hoa vi ty le 1:1 (khong c dung dau mazut)
trong lt lu au tien, sau o khong can boi na.
9. Thi cong lp btn day 4cm:
- Trnh t thi cong tng t nh trnh t thi cong lp BTN hat tho
nhng chieu day lp rai cua BTN hat mn la:
H1 = h * k
Vi:
H1: chieu cao lp rai BTN
h: chieu cao lp BTN theo thiet ke (4cm)
k: he so am nen (k = 1,4)
H1 = 4 * 1,4 = 5,6 cm
-

S O LU BANH LOP 16T

34/52

1.65

2.5
0.3

0.3
0.3

LU BA
NH LO
P 16T
B.

HE THONG THOAT NC
1. Mmg thoat nc: (Chon hng thi cong t thap len cao, theo
hng thoat nc cua mng)
- Sau khi nh v c v tr mng ta tien hanh ao mong mng
- Dung may thuy bnh, kinh v, cong nhan o xac nh cao o iem
au, iem cuoi roi nay giang t iem nay en iem kia, tien
hanh o be tong lot va be tong ay mng.
- Gach c tap ket xung quanh ho ao, giang day thang cho cong
nhan xay thanh mng. Tng xay phai am bao cng o th mi
c to trat va lap at
2. Cong thoat nc: (Chon hng thi cong t thap len cao, theo
hng thoat nc cua cong)
Sau khi thi cong o be tong xong cong, goi cong, ay ho ga th ta
tien hanh lap at.
Cong, goi cong, ay ho ga c thiet ke uc san tai xng
roi van chuyen en cong trng.
- Trc khi lap at ta dung may thuy bnh e kiem tra lai cao o
cua lp be tong lot (da 4x6 M100). Sau o ta tien hanh lap
at.
- Ta tan dung may ao e cau va lap at cong, goi cong, ay
ho ga, sau o tien hanh tret noi cac khe cua cong va o be
tong than ho ga.
* Nghiem thu cong, goi cong, ay ho ga:
- Ta tien hanh nghiem thu ngay tai cong trng vi mot so yeu
cau sau:
-

35/52

Ket cau be tong cua cong, goi cong, ay ho ga phai phu

hp vi thiet ke va cac tieu chuan hien hanh cua Nha Nc.
Cng o be tong cua cong, goi cong, ay ho ga phai ung
vi thiet ke.
Hnh dang ben ngoai cua ket cau khong c bien dang, st
me, phai am bao ung vi kch thc thiet ke.

THI GIAN THI CONG THC TE

Ngay khi cong:
01/03/2009
Ngay hoan thanh: 20/06/ 2009
Nam Thang
So
So
So
ngay
ngay
ngay
Theo
Chu
Le,
lch
nhat
tet
2009

03
04
05
06

25
30
31
17

0
0
0
0

0
1
1
0

So
ngay
Thi
tiet
xau
3
4
5
2

So
ngay
Ngh
1
4
5
2

So
ngay
Lam
viec
25
26
26
15

Tong
103
0
2
12
12
92
Thi gian hoat ong la: Th = 92 ngay
* Xac nh Cac Thong So Tnh Toan Cua Day Chuyen:
1.Thi gian khai trien (Ttk):
- Thi gian khai trien la thi gian tnh t luc day chuyen chuyen
nghiep au tien bat au lam en day chuyen chuyen nghiep
cuoi cung thi cong.
- Theo kinh nghiem thi cong cua cong tac day chuyen tong hp
thi gian khai trien cua day chuyen tong hp la: 10 20ngay.
- Kien ngh chon 10 ngay.
Ttk =10 ngay
2.Thi gian hoat ong (Th):
- Thi gian hoat ong la tong thi gian lam viec tren tuyen
ng. Thi gian hoat ong la: 69 ngay
- Thi gian lam viec c xac nh theo 2 ieu kien sau:
Tlv = Tl Tng
Tlv = Tl Tx
Vi:
Tl: tong so ngay quy nh, bang tong so ngay thi cong theo

lch Tlv tr i thi gian chuan b Tcb

Tng: Tong so ngay ngh va ngay le trong thi gian Tl.

Tx: Tong so ngay thi tiet xau trong thi gian Tl

Thi gian chuan b la thi gian dung vao cong tac don dep mat
bang.
3.Thi gian hoan tat (Tht):
- Khi toc o thi cong cua cac day chuyen on nh th thi gian
hoan tat bang thi gian trien khai.
Tht = Tkt = 10 ngay.
4. Thi gian on nh cua day chuyen (To):
- Thi gian on nh cua day chuyen la: To = Th (Ttk + Tht)
= 92 (10 +10) = 72ngay
36/52

5. Toc o cua day chuyen:

- Toc o day chuyen la mot ch tieu c ban cua day chuyen.
No bieu th nang suat cua cac n v chuyen nghiep.
- Toc o day chuyen co the tnh theo cong thc sau:
V

L
Thd Ttk

Vi:
L: la dien tch ng, xng phai thi cong 12.500m2
Vmin

12500
= 173,6m2/ca
92 10

Do o: e hoan thanh cong trnh trc thi han th Vt > Vmin =

173,6(m2/ca).
Toi kien ngh chon toc o day chuyen
Vt = 180m2/ca e lam viec.
6. He so hieu qua cua day chuyen:
e anh gia mc o hieu qua cua viec ap dung phng phap to
chc thi cong day chuyen th can phai xac nh he so hieu qua
Khq c tnh theo cong thc sau:
T
K hq od
Thd
K hq

72
= 0,78
92

Ta thay, Khq > 0,7

Vay thi cong theo phng phap day chuyen la co hieu
qua.
So vi bang d kien thi gian thi cong th thi gian thi cong thc
te c rut ngan i 18 ngay

C. Thi Cong Phan ien

1. Trnh t to trc thi cong:
Lap at ong bao ve day cap ien am tng va ong ngam
di at, trunkinh, ladder, ong ien noi.
Lap at cap ien.
Lap at tu ien, bang ien.
Lap at thiet b ien.
Cong tac au noi kiem tra, nghiem thu au ien, th nghiem,
van hanh.
a. Lap at ong bao ve day cap ien am tng va ong ngam
di at, ong gas thoat nc may lanh.
Qua trnh lap at theo tieu chuan viet nam, tieu chuan IEC va
ch dan thiet ke.
Ong dung trong cong trnh la loai nhc deo, chu c nhiet va
lc va cham c kh va co the uon c de dang. Cac ong c
chon ngam trong tng va san be ton. nhng v tr co tang
ky thuat, ong i tren san ky thuat c at noi.
Cac ong at trong san be tong c tien hanh thi cong sau khi
cong nhan xay dng an xong lp sat san. v r ch co mot
lp sat san th ong nha c at tren lp sat o, con
37/52

nhng v tr co hai lp sat th cac ong nha c at gia hai

lp sat o. nhng v tr nga re cac ong c uon cong bang
lo xo vi ban knh t 6-9 lan ng knh ong e thuan li cho viec
keo day va thay the day sau nay. Tuyet oi khong bao gi s
dung cac co noi nhng v tr nay, ieu nay anh nhieu en
viec keo day do goc cua qua gat . moi nga re t 3 nhanh tr
len eu thc hien tai cac v tr cac box e tien cho viec keo
day va kiem tra sau nay. Tat ca cac au ong ch keo day eu
c boc kn tranh vat la lot vao trong va gay kho khan cho viec
keo day ve sau nay.
Khi at ong ngam tai nhng v tr phai cat ong va noi th tat
ca cac au cat se c lam trn rc khi noi e tranh tnh
trang gay xc day khi luon trong ong nay.
Cac ong Inox c uon bang cac may chuyen dung, cac cho
ong phai am bao khong b gay khuc, cac khp noi c s
dung la khp noi chuyen dung.
Cac ong i ngam trong tng c tien hanh thi cong sau khi xay
tng c 5 ngay am bao tng u o cng khong b ran
nt trong qua trnh uc tng, ch tien hanh uc tng sau khi
cat tng. Tuyet oi khong uc tng neu khong thc hien
cong oan cat tng trc o v se ay ra cac vet ran chan chim
sau khi sn nc. Khoang cach gia hai khp noi se khong ngan
hn 50mm so vi khoang gia ong va 25mm oan cuoi ong.
Cac ong chon ngam trong tng hay tran be tong phai c co
nh bang xi mang hoac be tong sau khi co nh bang thanh thep
nam ngang hoac day thep cot.
Ong chay noi tren tang ky thuat hoac trong cac hop ky thuat
c co nh bang kep ong va khoang cach gia cac kep khong
ln hn 1200mm.
Cac vt va tac ke se c dung e gan cac kep ong va cac
lo c khoan bang khoan ien.
Cac ong i trong tng theo phng thang ng hoac song song.
au cuoi cua ong la v tr cua hop cha cong tac, o cam,
hop en. Chung toi co nh ong vi cac hop tren bang khp
noi van. Cac hop en at am trong san be tong se c nhet
giay hoac xop va quan bang keo phu kn trc khi co nh vao
van khuon e tranh ho be tong lot va. Cac ong noi vao c
uon sao cho cach lp van khuon 7mm tranh s ran chan chim
tran sau nay.
Cac hop en, hop cong tac o cam c at cao o theo
thiet ke va chung toi se dung ong can nc e xac nh chnh
xac o cao cac hop va dung thc nivo e am bao cac hop
sau khi lap at khong b nghieng lech.

b. Lap at cap ien:

Cong viec thi cong he thong day ien, cap ien c thc sau
khi hoan thanh xong cong viec lap at he thong ong va hop
noi.
Cong viec keo day se thc hien do oi ngu cong nhan ky
thuat cao co kinh nghiem am bao he thong day c lap at
n gian, thuan li cho viec s cha, thay the sau nay.
38/52

 So lng day trong ong c tnh toan sao cho ch chiem khong
qua 40% tiet dien ong, tao ieu kien thay the neu xay ra s co.
Cac day, cap ien eu c phan pha theo mau day (day pha:
mau xanh, o, vang, day trung tnh: mau en, ay at: xanh
vang.) va c phan pha khu vc ung ban ve thiet ke.
Cac au day se c anh dau th t theo s tu phan phoi
ien e tao ieu kien cho viec xac nh cac khu vc s co e
cach ly, kiem tra, sa cha.
Chung toi ch thc hien noi day tai cac hop noi, hop con tac,
hop o cam, hop mang en. Tuyet oi khong bao gi noi day
trong ong. ieu nay han che toi a cac s co cham chap do cac
moi noi khong am bao va tao ieu kien thuan li cho viec
kiem tra sa cha.
Cac au day va au cap chung toi eu dung cac au cap
noi vao thiet b. ng knh cua au cap phu hp vi tiet dien
day, cap ien.
Cac moi noi va day am bao cach ien tuyet oi toan he
thong, cac moi noi, cac ng day tuyet oi noi nhau khong
trung tren cac mat cat( phai so le). Khi lap at phai thong nhat
khoang cach cac tuyen day at tren tran, en mep ca, mep
cot e khong vng khi lap at cac hang Sau khi lap at xong
he thong day, chung toi se tien hanh kiem tra cach ien ng
day: pha pha, pha at, pha trung tnh,
trung tnh at. Neu
ien tr cach ien o c at yeu cau ( can c vao TCVN)
chung toi se tiep tuc tien hanh cong viec tiep theo.
Cap i tren support tuyen ong, tren cot nha, keo, c co nh
chac chan.
Cong cap ngam c at o sau toi thieu 800mm, nhng v
tr qua ng hoac nhng v tr co phng tien giao thong qua lai
se c luon trong ong PVC co be tong bao ve, mat o day
cap i trong ong va mang am bao nho hn hoac bang 40%
nham giai quyet van e tan nhiet cua day.
Tat ca cac cap chon ngam phai c lien tuc, khong c noi
cap. Trong qua trnh thi cong lap at cap neu phat hien b loi,
cap b vat nhon sac lam hong lp bao ve, cap b loi do nha
san xuat ( nh b phnh, khong ong nhat) phai bao bao cho
giam sat cong trnh e co phng an trc khi lap at.
c. Lap at tu ien, bang ien:
Cac tu ien la loai tu co be va tu gan tng. Viec lap
at cac tu nay se ket hp vi cong tac xay dng, trc khi
hoan thien tng se nh v cac thanh sat va tac ke e sau
nay lap at tu.
Trong cac tu se nan cac bang ten cua cac nhanh ra e tien
cho viec kiem tra va van hanh sau nay. Cac thiet b trong tu
c lap at, au noi, chnh nh bi cac cong nhan bac cao
co kinh nghiem va se th nghiem bang cac thiet b chuyen
dung va cac chuyen vien. Ban ve kch thc va chi tiet cac
thiet b trong tu se c cung cap cho chu au t va t van
giam sat trc khi tien hanh san xuat va lap at tu. Tu ien
se c che tao va lap at theo ung quy nh cua ho s mi
thau va tieu chuan IEC.
39/52

 Cac thiet b lap at trong tu se c at ngay sau khi co quyet

nh trung thau e am bao ung tien o.
Cac tu ien treo tng se lap at ngay sau khi hoan thanh lp
sn nc mot.
Day tiep a cho tu ien c tien hanh rai t v tr lap at tu
phan phoi chnh ra en v tr coc tiep at. He thong coc tiep at
se c tien hanh ngay sau khi san lap xong mat nen san vn.
Sau khi ong u so coc theo ung thiet ke chung toi se thien
hanh o ien tr at neu ien tr khong at theo ung yeu
cau thiet ke va quy pham, chung toi se tien hanh ong them
coc tiep at cho en khi ien tr at o c at yeu cau thiet
ke.
Sau khi tu ien c a vao v tr tien hanh au noi day tiep
at vao thanh cai tiep at. S dung au cot cap cho cong viec
au noi.
d. Lap at thiet b ien.
Cac vat lieu nh day ien, aptomat, cong tac c a vao s dung
cho cong trnh phai am bao ung chat lng, chung loai theo yeu
cau cua thiet ke ong thi phai c s ong y cua chu au t.
en chieu sang, cong tac va o cam c lap at sau khi
keo day va hoan thanh lp sn hoan thien.
Cac v tr en at am trong san be tong c xac nh v tr
trong qua trnh xay dng o be tong san ky thuat.
Cac mang en am tran, am san be tong se c thiet ke va
gia cong am bao o toa nhiet cua en khi hoat ong, chung
toi d nh se tao ra cac lo thoat nhiet bang li hai ben hong
va ay en, kch thc va chi tiet mang en se c cung cap
cho chu au t va t van giam sat trc khi tien hanh san
xuat.
Cac au day ien c tuot vo gan vao cong tac, o cam va
domino en sao cho phan day c tuot nam gon trong lo au
day, khong c h ra ngoai de gay ra cham chap, phan day
c tuot cung khong c qua ngan e trach s tiep xuc
khong tot.
en se c nh v tren tran hoac tng bang tac ke thep sau
khi cong tac xay dng hoan tat.
Cong tac, o cam trong qua trnh lap at c o bang can nivo
e am bao ngay ngan va my thuat.
Khi lap at he thong day dan ien va cac thiet b ien phai
c tuan thu chat che cac qui trnh qui pham ky thuat, luon luon
kiem tra ky ban ve thiet ke e bo tr thi cong phoi hp cung vi
tien o phan xay dng.
Lap at phai ung theo cac tuyen a qui nh trong ban ve
thiet ke, cac v tr hop ien, hop ch, phai chnh xac ca ve v tr
va cao o, ong thi phai am bao chac chan. cac au day ch
phai co dau e phan biet de dang, tranh nham lan.

40/52

Trong qua trnh thi cong phai am bao khong lam h hong en
day ien, tranh lam day t day st vo nha bao ve.
Khi lap at ay u cac thiet b ien phai tien hanh th
xong ien va kiem tra s hoat ong cua toan bo he thong ien.
neu cha at yeu cau phai khac phuc ngay va kiem tra lai ky lng
trc khi chuan b ban giao cong trnh a vao s dung.
e. Cong tac au noi kiem tra, nghiem thu au ien, th nghiem,
van hanh.
Cong tac au noi c tien hanh vi oi ngu con nhan co
kinh nghiem va trnh o chuyen mon cao.
Tat ca cac au ruot cap phai c bam au cot trc khi lap
at vao iem noi cua thiet b. Ngoai tr trng hp ket cau
iem noi tai thiet b cong suat nho khong can s dung au
cot.
Kiem tra s o au noi, ien the s dung cua thiet b t
catalogue hoac tren nhan thiet b trc khi tien hanh au noi.
Tat ca cac hop noi, en chieu sang, may lanh, quat, can en
va tru en phai c gan ma so thiet b nham thuan tien cho
cong tac quan ly bao tr sau nay.
2. Cong tac thi cong phan nc:
Cac thiet b cap nc nh may bm, van, ong, c s dung
cho cong trnh phai phu hp vi yeu cau cua thiet ke ca ve
chung loai, chat lng va nguon goc. ong nc va thiet b phai
c lap at ung v tr, ung quy ng cua thiet ke. cac moi noi
phai am bao chac chan, kn kht va sau khi a lap at xong phai
co bien phap bao ve ng ong, thiet b tranh khong c lam
bep, meo hay b h hong.
Th nc phai ket hp vi th ne, th cop pha e bo tr ong
thong, ong cap thoat nc thong qua dam, san tng theo ban ve
thiet ke nc.
ng ong phai c bao quan ky tranh cat, at, vao trong
ong trong suot qua trnh thi cong.
Trc khi ngh hay ngng thi cong, cac au ong phai c bt
bang nut bt hoac phai co bien phap che chan sao cho khong b
bui ban hay cac chat khac chui vao trong ng ong gay ban hoac
h hai.
Ren ong va noi ong phai am bao o kn tranh ro r.
ng ong nc ngam phai lap at trc khi th ne to trat
tng.
Sau khi lap at xong, nha thau se tien hanh th ap lc cho
tng tuyen ong va theo tng yeu cau s dung cu the cua tuyen
ong theo thiet ke. dung cu th ap lc bao gom bm ap lc chay
bang ien, ong ho o ap lc co ch so o t 0 - 20 kg/cm2, van xa
kh. qua trnh th phai bm ay nc vao ong mot cach t t va
41/52

can than sao cho kh thoat het ra ngoai, ng ong phai cha ay
nc trong thi gian 24 gi trc khi tien hanh th ap lc. ap lc
th va thi gian th phai theo ung qui nh cua thiet ke va
hng dan cua chu au t.
Khi lap at va th ap lc xong toan bo he thong cap nc,
nha thau se tien hanh xuc xa, thau ra ng ong, ngam nc
kh trung theo ung yeu cau cua thiet ke.
3. Cong tac thi cong ien lanh:
Tat ca cac ong moi chat lam lanh c chon mau va trnh chu
au t va t van giam sat trc khi tien hanh san xuat va lap
at.
Tat ca ong moi chat lam lanh i ngam trong tng hay i noi
phai c boc lp cac nhiet day toi thieu 19mm cho ong hi va
6mm cho ong long.
Phan ong moi chat lam lanh i ngam phai c tien hanh thi
cong ngay sau khi xay tng c 5 ngay.
Ong xa nc ngng bang PVC boc cach nhiet toi thieu 13mm lap
at vi o doc 1%.
Cac lo m xuyen san hay tng phai c lam kn bang vat
lieu thch hp tranh tham nc khi tri ma.
Sau khi lap at thiet b xong phai c kiem tra ap lc ong dan
moi chat long trc khi bm ga vao.
Sau o bm ga kiem tra ap theo tieu chuan nha san xuat.
4. Cong tac thi cong he thong truyen thong va bao chay:
Tat cac phan ng ong ngam, khuat c thi cong ong thi
vi ng ong ngam khuat he he thong ien.
Cac ng cap truyen thong c at trong mang, ong oc lap
vi cap trung/ha the khoang cach toi thieu 0,6m
Cap truyen thong va bao chay khi thc hien noi phai c noi
trong hop noi va noi bang cac phiem noi.
Tat ca cac cap co man che se c noi at tai mot v tr duy
nhat.
o cao lap at o cam mang,thiet b bao chay theo ch dan
thiet ke va tieu chuan Viet Nam.
6. He thong chong set:
Trnh t thi cong t di at len tren mai.
Thi cong he thong chong set chung toi thi cong kim thu set
16, h=0,5m, cac coc tiep a l63x63x5, l=2,5m ong ngap trong at
bang bua, noi gia cac coc la thep ban 30x4 tiep a c chon
ngap day 0,8m trc, sau o mi thi cong day dan set 16 va
day thu set 10 (a noi vi day tiep a) t di at len en
mai.
Day thu set c at cach be mat at day 8cm va c lien
ket vi khung mai, tng bang cac chan bat, khoang cach gia
42/52

cac chan bat la 1m. day thu set thep 10 c at kep tng
hoac cot, c co nh bang cac chan bat.
Cac chi tiet lo ngoai tri nh kim thu set, day thu set c sn
chong r 2 nc, cac bo phan ngam nh day tiep a, coc tiep a
tuyet oi khong sn.
7. Cac bien phap am bao an toan trong qua trnh thi cong:
Cac thiet b ien nh Aptomat, cau dao, cong tac phai e ni
thuan tien, an toan khi s dung, co hop kn bao che va bien bao
hieu. Cac thiet b may moc co s dung ien phai noi at bao
ve an toan va phai c bao ve oan mach va qua tai. Ch co
cong nhan ien a qua huan luyen an toan mi c lam cong
tac ve ien. Thc hien ung quy pham ky thuat an toan trong
xay dng(TCVN 5308-91) co u lc lng va phng tien phong
chay cha chay.

V. BIEN PHAP QUAN LY CHAT LNG VAT T :

1. Yeu cau chung
Tat ca cac loai vat t s dung cho cong trnh phai co ly lch ro
rang cua san xuat hoac nha cung cap , bao gom :
-

Chng ch cua nha san xuat

43/52

Ban thuyet minh ve tnh nang ky thuat cua vat lieu

Ban thuyet minh ve qui trnh lap at va s dung.

Ban ket qua kiem nghiem cua c quan kiem nghiem ve

cac ch tieu ky thuat cua vat lieu.

-

Thi han s dung va bao hanh.

Vat lieu en cong trng phai c kiem tra, nghiem thu chat
lng trc khi nhap kho.
tat ca cac chng ch, bien ban, ket qua mau th phai c
cung cap cho chu au t 1 bo.
2. Xi mang :
-

Tieu chuan xi mang theo tieu chuan tcvn 2683-1992

S dung xi mang pooclang

Xi mang a vao cong trng phai co giay chng nhan ve

nguon goc, trong o phai ghi ro :

+ Ten nha may
+

Ten goi, ky hieu mac va chat lng xi mang theo

tieu chuan tng ng.

+ Loai va ham lng phu gia
+ So hieu lo, ngay san xuat
-

Bao ximang khi a en cong trng phai con nguyen ven,

khong b rach am. tren vo bao ngoai nhan hieu, ten goi, so
hieu lo, ky hieu mac phai phu hp vi giay chng nhan.
3. Cat :
-

Cat dung cho be tong phai phu hp vi ch nh vat lieu

au thau va theo tieu chuan tcvn 1770-1986.

-

Cat khi van chuyen en cong trng khong c lan tap

chat, bun at
-

Bai tap ket cat phai c don sach, am nen ky.

4. a :
-

a dung cho be tong phai phu hp vi ch nh vat lieu

au thau va theo tieu chuan tcvn 1771-1986.

-

a dung e tron be tong phai ung kch c, sach khong

lan bun at.

-

Mau th c lay theo tieu chuan tcvn 1173-1987

5. Nc :
-

Nc dung e tron be tong va bao dng phai am bao

yeu cau ky thuat cua tieu chuan tcvn 4506-1987.

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Neu s dung gieng khoan, nc phai c a vao ho lang

loc va x ly phen va c kiem nghiem cac ch tieu ly hoa

trc khi a vao s dung.
6. Hon hp be tong :
-

Cap phoi be tong c xac nh sau khi tien hanh thiet ke

cap phoi bang phng phap th nghiem tren 6 mau vuong

15x15x15cm do trung tam o lng chat lng 3 thc hien.
-

Hon hp be tong tron tren cong trng bang tram tron va

c lay mau th , dng ho va th nghiem thc hien theo cac

tcvn 3105-79, tcvn 3118-79.
-

Kiem tra o sut tai cho theo tieu chuan tcvn 3106-1993

Cong tac thi cong theo tcvn 4453-1995.

Bao dng be tong theo tcvn 5592-1991.

7. Sat thep :
-

Cot thep trc khi a vao s dung phai c kiem tra

bang th nghiem keo vi so lng mau tng ng vi tng lo

hang nhap ve cong trng va theo tieu chuan tcvn 8874 - 91
-

Cong tac gia cong va lap at cot thep theo tcvn 4453-1995

8. Cac vat t khac :

-

Cac loai vat t khac trc khi a vao s dung phai trnh

mau e ben a phe duyet, vat t a vao cong trnh phai co giay
chng nhan va bao hanh cua c s san xuat hoac nha cung
cap, giay xac nhan kiem nghiem cua c quan chuyen nganh oi
vi cac loai vat t thiet b ac biet.
-

Chat lng cua vat lieu c anh gia chu yeu tren c s

tieu chuan Viet Nam.

VI. BIEN PHAP QUAN LY CHAT LNG CONG TRNH
1. S dung vat t vat lieu
Moi vat t,vat lieu, thiet b a vao s dung cho cong trnh
phai am bao ung chung loai, qui cach, nguon goc va chat lng
theo yeu cau trong ho s mi thau va phai c e trnh cho chu
au t phe duyet trc.
Nhng vat t chu yeu nh: xi mang, gach xay, cat, a, trc
khi a vao s dung eu phai qua th nghiem ve cac ch tieu nen,
keo, o sach, c hat cac ch tieu nay phai at ky thuat cho phep
mi c s dung.
Cac loai vat t thi cong c s dung tai cong trnh bao gom:
45/52

Xi mang pooclang theo tieu chuan tcvn 2682-1992 do cac lien

doanh trong nc san xuat
2. Xe, may moc phuc vu thi cong va thiet b th nghiem, kiem tra:
Xem bang phu luc kem theo
3. Bien phap quan ly va kiem tra chat lng tren cong trng
Qua thc te thi cong cac cong trnh, nha thau a uc rut kinh
nghiem va hnh thanh he thong quan ly chat lng cong trnh gom
3 cap:
Cac to oi san xuat, ai dien la to trng, oi trng ong
thi la ngi trc tiep ch huy thi cong co trach nhiem am bao
cac yeu cau ve chat lng trong qua trnh thi cong.
Ban Ch Huy cong trnh va cac can bo ky thuat giam sat thi
cong la nhng ngi chu trach nhiem chnh ve chat lng tng
phan viec trong lnh vc mnh phu trach va ca cong trnh, tien hanh
kiem tra cac cong viec hang ngay cua to oi thi cong tren c s
cac tieu chuan hien hanh va cac yeu cau cu the cua cong trnh,
phoi hp vi chu au t va ky s t van tien hanh lam cac thu
tuc nghiem thu tng phan viec trong qua trnh thi cong .
Can bo chuyen trach ve quan ly chat lng cua cong ty la
ngi co kinh nghiem va nang lc se thng xuyen theo doi va
kiem tra chat lng cong trnh, nhac nh va yeu cau chu nhiem
cong trnh co bien phap khac phuc kp thi nhng ton tai, co
quyen nh ch thi cong khi thay chat lng khong am bao. can
bo chuyen trach co the phoi hp cung chu nhiem cong trnh
chuan b cac ieu kien va e ngh

nghiem thu hai ben a va b

nghiem thu cac giai oan thi cong va tong nghiem thu ban giao hang
muc va toan bo cong trnh .
4. Tien o thi cong:
Can c vao nhu cau cua ben a, vao nang lc cua nha thau
va thc te thi cong tren cong trnh, thi gian thi cong cong trnh nha
thau the hien trong ban ve tien o thi cong.
e thc hien tot tien o thi cong at ra, nha thau se co
gang thi cong cuon chieu theo phan oan, phan t, se tang cng
quan he vi t van thiet ke, t van giam sat e giai quyet nhanh
chong cac van e nay sinh trong qua trnh thi cong ong thi nha
thau se tnh toan e d tr nhan lc, thiet b va vat t u e
ap ng kp thi cho tien o.
46/52

Suot qua trnh thi cong nha thau luon co ke hoach lap tien
o 2 tuan, t o co nhng ieu chnh kp thi e khong anh
hng en tien o tong cua cong trnh.
Trong trng hp co nhng s co nh ma bao lam cham tien
o, nha thau se lam tang ca, tang thiet b may moc va tang
nhan cong e bu vao thi gian cham.
VII. AN TOAN LAO ONG, VE SINH MOI TRNG VA PHONG
CHONG CHAY NO
1. An toan lao ong
e am bao cho con ngi, may moc thiet b, nha thau se
chap hanh nghiem chnh cac noi qui, qui pham ky thuat an toan,
bao ho lao ong theo qui nh hien hanh cua nha nc .
Nha thau se ap dung cac bien phap sau tren cong trng :
+ Thanh lap bo may hoat ong ve cong tac an toan lao ong
,co mang li an toan vien c s va hoat ong co hieu qua .
+ Toan bo cong nhan lam viec tren cong trng eu c
hoc noi qui an toan trong lao ong. khi lam viec phai oi mu cng,
mac quan ao bao ho lao ong, i giay bao ho lao ong va eo
knh khi can thiet .
+ Chap hanh nghiem chnh che o kiem tra nh ky ve cong
tac bao ho va an toan lao ong .
+ Lap bien phap an toan chi tiet cho tng cong viec. bien
phap c a ra pho bien, huan luyen cho nhng ngi trc tiep thi
cong .
+ Khi thi cong tren cao co lan can va li an toan.
+ Thi cong phan a giao, cot pha, san cong tac phai nghiem
thu xong, am bao an toan mi c s dung.
+ Vat lieu thu don c o vao ni qui nh. cam nem cac vat
t t tren cao xuong di at hoac cac vat t di at len.
+ S dung ung loai th cho tng loai hnh cong viec, th may
phai co chng ch van hanh.
+ Cac thiet b may moc s dung phai c kiem nh, co u
ly lch may va c cap giay phep s dung theo qui pham e am
bao an toan khi s dung.
+ Khu vc tram tron pha tren c lam mai che an toan cho
ngi van hanh, cac may co bang noi qui van hanh may,co

47/52

bien bao, cam ngi khong co nhiem vu vao hang rao phan
cach khu vc nguy hiem .
+ Trong thi gian lam viec tai hien trng, nghiem cam moi
ngi uong ru bia hoac s dung chat kch thch.
+ Tai van phong cong trng co tu thuoc cap cu, co bang
cac so ien thoai can thiet nh cap cu, cu hoa, cong an ban ch
huy cong trng co hp ong vi benh vien a phng ve viec
van chuyen va cap cu tai nan tren cong trng.
+ Mang ien thi cong c co nh tren cot cao va chac chan,
co tu phan phoi ien va cac thiet b eu co attomat tiep a
tot va at cach mat at toi thieu 1,2 m. he thong ien chieu
sang am bao u anh sang khi thi cong ban em
+ Nha thau se cung cap va at cac bnh cu hoa tai van
phong cong trng, tai cac kho va nhng ni nguy hiem de xay ra
hoa hoan.
+ Co bien phap tuyen truyen, giao duc noi qui an toan lao
ong cho can bo va cong nhan. tai nhng v tr thoang, de nhn
nha thau se ke nhng khau hieu mang tnh nhac nh moi ngi
tham gia lao ong tren cong trng ve y thc an toan lao ong.
+ Nghiem cam nhng ngi khong co nhiem vu ra vao cong
trng.
+ oi vi viec ieu khien van hanh may moc thiet b: trc
khi s dung phai tien hanh kiem tra toan bo he thong an toan cua
xe, may, thiet b, gian giao va trang b phong ho lao ong am
bao an toan mi cho to chc thi cong. khi thi cong ve em phai
am bao u anh sang.
+ oi vi may tron: kiem tra s ng vng va on nh cua
may tron. kiem tra he thong ien li vao cau dao, mo t tiep
at. kiem tra s an khp gia cac banh rang. van hanh th
khong tai. khi may ngng lam viec hoac sa cha th phai lam ve
sinh thung tron. khi ngh phai cat ien khoi may va ha thap thung
cot lieu xuong v tr an toan.

48/52

LUO
N MO
C KHO
A AN TOA
N KHI CO
NG TA
C TRE
N CAO

49/52

CHLA
P DNG VA
VA
N CHUYE
N DA
N GIA
O KHI COUIE
U KIE
N AN TOA
N

LUO
N MO
C KHO
A AN TOA
N KHI DI CHUYE
N TRE
N CAO

AN TOA
N TRONG CO
NG TA
C IE
N THI CO
NG

VA
N CHUYE
N VA
T LIE
U R
I

Kho t in

Bng iu khin

Bng iu khin

Lun t ni kh ro
Cn b ph trch cn phi kim tra t
nh tr ng ho t ng tt v an ton ca cc thit bin
tr c a vo s dng. Tuyt i khng vn hnh my, khi ch a mang y bo h lao ng...
nh : giy, bao tay cch in, m ...

Tip a

50/52

Dy ngun

c s m ch v h ng dn s dng
r rng, d nhn bit

KHO
NG LUO
N DA
Y CA
P IE
N VA
O CA
NH CA
Y
KHO
NG THAXUO
NG A
T
m bo chiu cao an ton

2. Bao hiem
Nha thau tien hanh mua cac loai bao hiem sau:
+ Bao hiem tai nan va bao hiem xa hoi cho ngi lao ong .
+ Bao hiem trach nhiem cho ben th 3.
+ Bao hiem thiet b va xe co thi cong
3. Bao ve moi trng xung quanh
Nha thau tuyet oi tuan nhng quy nh ve am bao an toan
va ve sinh moi trng trong qua trnh xay dng.
Dung oto co bat che e ch vat lieu, phe thai ra ngoai. bo
tr phun nc e phun am xung quanh cong trng khi can thiet . xe
ch vat lieu en cong trng eu c phun nc ra xe tai bai
ra trc khi ri khoi cong trnh tranh tnh trang ri vai gay bui ban
giao thong tren ng pho
Oto ch at va phe thai o ung ni quy nh cua thanh
pho.

51/52

Khu vc lan trai sinh hoat tam trong cong trng phai c am
bao ve sinh, he thong thoat nc thai va nc sinh hoat c lam
can than va phai c noi vi ng ong thoat nc chung cua
khu vc .
Cac thiet b may moc thi cong cung phai am bao ve ieu
kien chong on bang lap he thong giam thanh, mc o thai kh
cung phai at trong gii han cho phep.
4. Phong chong chay no trong thi cong
Toan the can bo cong nhan vien va cong nhan trong cong
trng eu c hng dan ve cac bien phap ngan nga, phong
chong chay no trong thi cong, cac cach s dung cac dung cu,
phng tien cu hoa khi co hoa hoan xay ra.
Nha thau se niem yet cac qui nh ve pccc, cac bang ch
dan va bien bao tai nhng v tr de gay hoa hoan e moi ngi
de dang nhan biet.
Nha thau se bo tr bao ve cong trng kiem soat moi oi
tng va khong cho mang vao cong trng bat c nhng vat lieu
hay hoa chat de gay chay no. nha thau se bo tr mot so bnh bot
xung quanh cong trnh va ac biet la nhng v tr de sinh ra hoa
hoan e kp thi s dung khi co hoa hoan xay ra. can bo cua
cong trng se thng xuyen i kiem tra va nhac nh moi ngi
nham han che nhng nguy c gay hoa hoan e moi ngi cung lu
y..
Ngay 18 thang 02 nam
2009

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