SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

DSP PROCESSOR PROGRAM FOR FFT:

PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void butterfly(double *,double *,double *,double *,double *,double *);
int main( )
{
int i;
double x[8]={1,2,3,4,4,3,2,1};
//double x[8]={4,3,2,1,0,0,0,0};
double XR[8];
double XI[8]={0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0};
double WNR[4]={0.999969, 0.707092, 0.0, -0.707092};
double WNI[4]={0.0

, -0.707092,-0.999969,-0.707092};

double spectrum[8];
// store data in bit reversal order
XR[0]=x[0];
XR[1]=x[4];
XR[2]=x[2];
XR[3]=x[6];
XR[4]=x[1];
XR[5]=x[5];
XR[6]=x[3];
XR[7]=x[7];

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

// clrscr( );
// FIRST STAGE OF BUTTERFLY
butterfly(&XR[0],&XI[0],&XR[1],&XI[1],&WNR[0],&WNI[0]);
butterfly(&XR[2],&XI[2],&XR[3],&XI[3],&WNR[0],&WNI[0]);
butterfly(&XR[4],&XI[4],&XR[5],&XI[5],&WNR[0],&WNI[0]);
butterfly(&XR[6],&XI[6],&XR[7],&XI[7],&WNR[0],&WNI[0]);
// SECOND STAGE OF BUTTERFLY
butterfly(&XR[0],&XI[0],&XR[2],&XI[2],&WNR[0],&WNI[0]);
butterfly(&XR[1],&XI[1],&XR[3],&XI[3],&WNR[2],&WNI[2]);
butterfly(&XR[4],&XI[4],&XR[6],&XI[6],&WNR[0],&WNI[0]);
butterfly(&XR[5],&XI[5],&XR[7],&XI[7],&WNR[2],&WNI[2]);
// THIRD STAGE OF BUTTERFLY
butterfly(&XR[0],&XI[0],&XR[4],&XI[4],&WNR[0],&WNI[0]);
butterfly(&XR[1],&XI[1],&XR[5],&XI[5],&WNR[1],&WNI[1]);
butterfly(&XR[2],&XI[2],&XR[6],&XI[6],&WNR[2],&WNI[2]);
butterfly(&XR[3],&XI[3],&XR[7],&XI[7],&WNR[3],&WNI[3]);
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
XR[i]*=64.0;
XI[i]*=64.0;
}
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
printf("\n FFT XR[%d] = %lf XI[%d]= %lf",i,XR[i],i,XI[i]);
}

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

return(0);
}
void butterfly(double *ar,double *ai,double *br,double *bi,double *wr,double *wi)
{
double tr,ti;
*ar/=4.0;
*ai/=4.0;
tr=*ar*2;
ti=*ai*2;
*br/=4.0;
*bi/=4.0;
*ar+=*br * *wr - *bi * *wi;
*ai+=*br * *wi + *bi * *wr;
*br= tr - *ar;
*bi= ti - *ai;
}

OUTPUT:
XR[0]=19.9999070; XI[0]=0.000000;
XR[1]=-5.828134;

XI[1]=-2.414237;

XR[2]=0.000813;

XI[2]=-0.000093;

XR[3]=-0.171618;

XI[3]=-0.414175;

XR[4]=0.000248;

XI[4]=0.000000;

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF ANALOG LP/HP FILTERS

PROGRAM:
wp=input('enter the pass band cutoff frequency');
ws=input('enter the stop band cutt off frequency');
rp=input('enter pass band ripple in db');
rs=input('enter stop band ripple in db');
fs=input('enter the samling frequency');
w1=2*wp/fs;
w2=2*ws/fs;
[N,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs,'s');
%[z,p,k]=butter(N,wn);
%[b,a]=zp2tf(z,p,k);
[b,a]=butter(N,wn,'s');
w=0:0.01:pi;
[h,omega]=freqs(b,a,w);
gain=20*log10(abs(h));
an=angle(h);
subplot(2,1,1);
title('mag res of lpf');
plot(omega/pi,gain);
ylabel('gain in db');
xlabel('normalized frequency');
subplot(2,1,2);
title('p res lpf');
plot(omega/pi,an);
xlabel('normalized frequency');
ylabel('phase in radians');

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

OUTPUT:
enter the pass band cutoff frequency1500
enter the stop band cutt off frequency3000
enter pass band ripple in db10
enter stop band ripple in db40
enter the samling frequency7000

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

IIR LOW PASS FILTER USING BUTTERWORTH

APPROXIMATION
PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fp=input('enter the pass band edge frequency');
fs=input('enter the stop band edge frequency');
f=input('enter the sampling frequency');
rp=input('enter the pass band riples');
rs=input('enter the stop band ripples');
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
[n,wn]=buttord(wp,ws,rp,rs);
[b,a]=butter(n,wn);
freqz(b,a);

OUTPUT:
enter the pass band edge frequency200
enter the stop band edge frequency500
enter the sampling frequency1200
enter the pass band riples10
enter the stop band ripples100

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

IIR LOW PASS FILTER USING CHEBYSHEV TYPE 1 APPROXIMATION

PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fp=input('enter the pass band edge frequency');
fs=input('enter the stop band edge frequency');
f=input('enter the sampling frequency');
rp=input('enter the pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter the stop band ripple');
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
[n,wn]=cheb1ord(wp,ws,rp,rs);
[b,a]=cheby1(n,rp,wn);
freqz(b,a);

OUTPUT:
enter the pass band edge frequency200
enter the stop band edge frequency500
enter the sampling frequency1200
enter the pass band ripple10
enter the stop band ripple100

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

IIR LOW PASS FILTER USING CHEBYSHEV TYPE 2 APPROXIMATION

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fp=input('enter the pass band edge frequency');
fs=input('enter the stop band edge frequency');
f=input('enter the sampling frequency');
rp=input('enter the pass band ripple');
rs=input('enter the stop band ripple');
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
[n,wn]=cheb2ord(wp,ws,rp,rs);
[b,a]=cheby2(n,rp,wn);
freqz(b,a);

OUTPUT:
enter the pass band edge frequency200
enter the stop band edge frequency500
enter the sampling frequency1200
enter the pass band ripple10
enter the stop band ripple100

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

FIR FILTER USING WINDOWING TECHNIQUE

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fc=input('enter the cutoff frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
N=input('enter the order of the filter');
if(rem(N,2)==0)
N=N+1;
end
wn=2*fc/fs;
wr=boxcar(N+1);
b=fir1(N,wn,wr);
freqz(b,1);

OUTPUT:
enter the cutoff frequency300
enter the sampling frequency1000
enter the order of the filter20

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

FIR FILTER USING TRIANGULAR WINDOW:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fc=input('enter the cutoff frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
N=input('enter the order of the filter');
if(rem(N,2)==0)
N=N+1;
end
wn=2*fc/fs;
wr=triang(N+1);
b=fir1(N,wn,wr);
freqz(b,1);
OUTPUT:
enter the cutoff frequency300
enter the sampling frequency1000
enter the order of the filter20

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

GRAPH:

FIR FILTER USING KAISER WINDOW

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fc=input('enter the cutoff frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
N=input('enter the order of the filter');
B=15;
if(rem(N,2)==0)
N=N+1;
end
wn=2*fc/fs;
wr=kaiser(N+1,B);
b=fir1(N,wn,wr);
freqz(b,1);

OUTPUT:
enter the cutoff frequency300
enter the sampling frequency1000
enter the order of the filter20

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

FIR FILTER USING HAMMING WINDOW

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fc=input('enter the cutoff frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
N=input('enter the order of the filter');
if(rem(N,2)==0)
N=N+1;
end
wn=2*fc/fs;
wr=hamming(N+1);
b=fir1(N,wn,wr);
freqz(b,1);
OUTPUT:
enter the cutoff frequency300
enter the sampling frequency1000
enter the order of the filter20

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

III YEAR ECE-A

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

13311A0444

DSP LAB

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

FIR FILTER USING HANNING WINDOW

PROGRAM:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
fc=input('enter the cutoff frequency');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency');
N=input('enter the order of the filter');
if(rem(N,2)==0)
N=N+1;
end
wn=2*fc/fs;
wr=hanning(N+1);
b=fir1(N,wn,wr);
freqz(b,1);

OUTPUT:
enter the cutoff frequency300
enter the sampling frequency1000
enter the order of the filter20

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

CONVERSION OF ANALOG TO DIGITAL FILTERS

A)IMPULSE INVARIANCE METHOD:
PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
[b,a] = butter(4,.3,'s');
[bz,az] = impinvar(b,a,10);
sys = tf(b,a);
impulse(sys);
hold on;
impz(10*bz,az,[],10);

OUTPUT:
enter the pass band edge frequency200
enter the stop band edge frequency500
enter the sampling frequency1200
enter the pass band riples3
enter the stop band ripples100

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

DSP LAB

B)BILINEAR TRANSFORM METHOD:

PROGRAM:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
num = 1;
tau = .1;
den = [tau,1];
fs = 1000;
[numd,dend] = bilinear(num,den,fs);
[h,f] = freqz(numd,dend,4096,fs);
figure(1); clf();
subplot(2,1,1);
semilogx(f,20*log10(abs(h))); hold on;
plot([.1,1000],[-3,-3],'r');
grid on;
ylim([-40,1]); ylabel('gain in db'); xlim([.1,fs/2]);
subplot(2,1,2); semilogx(f,angle(h)* 180/pi);
grid on;
ylabel('phase in rad');
xlim([.1,fs/2]); xlabel('frequency in hz');

GRAPH:

III YEAR ECE-A

13311A0444

2015-16

SNIST

III YEAR ECE-A

DEPARTMENT OF ECE

13311A0444

DSP LAB

2015-16