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TIMBER

Rohit D. Chandnani
First Year
One year diploma in Interior
designing
Faculty: Ms.Vijaya Dufare
International Institute of Fashion
Design

SOURCES OF TIMBER
Common
name

Colour

Density

Location

Babul

Whitish
red

Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh,


Maharashtra, Madhya
835 kg/m Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka,Bengal, Gujarat,
Uttar Pradesh

Bakul

Reddish
brown

880 kg/m Some parts of North India

Characteristics, Usage and Status

It is strong, hard and tough and it takes up a good


polish. It is used for such products as bodies
and wheels of bullock cart, agricultural instruments,
tool handles, and well curbs.
It is close-grained and tough. It is used for
making cabinets.

Not actually a tree, but a woody grass, it is flexible,


Throughout India, especially very strong and durable. It is used for scaffoldings,
assam and Bengal
thatched roofs, rafters, temporary bridges, and so
forth.

Bamboo

Banyan

Brown

Coconut

Reddish
brown

580 kg/m Throughout India

Throughout coastal India

It is strong and durable only under water. The aerial


roots are utilized for such items as tent poles and well
curbs.
Takes polish. Requires preservative treatment. Used
as poles, piles, furniture and as formwork in concrete
construction.

Deodar

Yellowish
brown

Mahogany

Reddish
brown

720 kg/m

Brown

650 kg/m

Yellowish
brown

865 kg/m

Mulberry

Oak

Palm

Pine

560 kg/m

1040 kg/m
Dark brown

Deodar is the most important timber tree providing soft wood. It


Himalayas,
can be easily worked and it is moderately strong. It possesses
Punjab,
distinct annual rings. It is used for making cheap furniture,
Uttar Pradesh railway carriages, railway sleepers, packing boxes, structural
work and so forth.

Punjab

It takes a good polish and is easily worked. It is durable under


water. It is most commonly used for furniture, pattern making
and cabinet work.
It is strong, tough and elastic. It takes up a clean finish. It can
be well seasoned. It is turned and carved easily. Mulberry is
typically used for baskets and sports goods like hockey
sticks,tennis rackets and cricket bats.
Oak is strong and durable, with straight silvery grain. It is used
for preparing sporting goods.

Throughout
India

It contains ripe wood in the outer crust. The colour of this


ripened wood is dark brown. It is strong, durable and fibrous.
Palm is used for furniture, roof covering, rafters and joists.
Pine wood is hard and tough except white pine which is soft. It
decays easily if it comes into contact with soil. It is heavy and
coarse grained. It is used for pattern making, frames for doors
and windows, and for paving material. White pine is light and
straight grained and is used in the manufacture of matches.

Rosewood Dar

Sal

Brown

850 kg/m

880
1050 kg/m

Karnataka, Andhra
It is hard, fibrous and close-grained. It does not take
Pradesh, Maharashtra, up a good polish. It requires slow and careful
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
seasoning. It is durable under ground and water. It is
Madhya Pradesh, Orissa used for railway sleepers, shipbuilding, and bridges.

Sandalwoo
White or Red 930 kg/m
d

Tamarind

Teak

Dark brown

It is strong, tough and close-grained. It is a handsome


wood that takes up a high polish. It maintains its
shape well and is available in large sizes. It is used
for furniture of superior quality, cabinet work,
ornamental carvings and so forth. Vulnerable

Kerala, Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Orrissa

Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, It has a pleasant smell. It is commonly used for


Kerala, Assam, Nagpur, agricultural instruments, well curbs, wheels, and
Bengal
mallets. Vulnerable[

1280 kg/m[ All over India

Deep yellow
639 kg/m
to dark brown

Central India and


Southern India

Tamarind is knotty and durable. It is a beautiful tree


for avenue and gardens. Its development is very slow
but it ultimately forms a massive appearance. Its fruit
is also very useful. It is used for agricultural
instruments, well curbs, sugar mills, carts and brick
burning.
Moderately hard, teak is durable and fire-resistant. It
can be easily seasoned and worked. It takes up a
good polish and is not attacked by white ants and dry
rot. It does not corrode iron fastenings and it shrinks
little. It is among the most valuable timber trees of the
world and its use is limited to superior work only.

TYPES OF TIMBER
PRODUCTS
Timber
Natural
Engineered
Fibersolid
Plywood
Particle
Block
Veneers
Laminates
boards
board
timber
boards
timberproducts

NATURAL SOLID TIMBER


The tree logs are converted into
commercialy feasible sizes
It is easy to provide capentry joints in solid
timber
It is 100% recyclable material
Depending upon the type of tree it is
generally hard,stiff,has high strength and
durability
The age of timber furniture is longest :
more the 50 years
Repair and maintenance is easy but
regular maintenance is advisable
It requires less labour than metallic work
and is easily available
It is likely to crack and decay if not properly
seasoned and treated
It is not advisable if there is a risk of fire or
regions of high humidity and natural storms

Plywood
Manufacturing Process:
manufactured from
sheets of crosslaminated veneer
panel strength and
stiffness in both
directions are
maximized
bonded under heat and
pressure with durable,
moisture-resistant
adhesives

Types of plywood
(Based on use)
Regular grade plywood
o Used for temporary use

Commercial plywood
o Also known as Interior grade or MR (Moisture resistant) grade plywood
o Used for making furniture that is unlikely to get wet

Water proof plywood


o Also know as Exterior grade or BWR (Boiling water resistant) grade
plywood.
o Used for making furniture that is likely to get wet e.g. Kitchen furniture

Marine Plywood
o Superior quality and also costs a lot more
o Used for making furniture or products that are subjected to prolonged water
exposure
o Used mainly for industrial purposes and boat building.

Types of plywood
(Based on wood)
Hardwood
Plywood
made from teak
wood, or gurjan
wood or birch wood

Softwood
Plywood
made from woods
like cedar, SPF
(Spruce-Pine-Fir) or
Mango wood.

Special types of plywood


Flexible Plywood
Also called as flexi ply
Can easily be rolled up
Used for creating round and curved shaped
furniture

FR grade: Fire Retardant


Used in places where fire risks have to be
reduced
Surface is treated with fire resisting chemicals

Termite-Resistant and Borer-proof


Offers protection from external pests that can
destroy the wood.

Structural Plywood
Suitable for construction applications where
structural stability is required

Concrete Shuttering Plywood


It has a shiny phenolic film over the surface
Used to create wooden moulds for concrete
casing

Properties of Plywood
Leading brands of plywood in India:

Century Plyboards (India) Ltd.


Greenply Industries Ltd.
National Plywood Industries Ltd.
Sarda Plywood Industries Ltd.
Mayur Plywood
Kitply Industries Ltd.

Thickness available
MR grade (Moisture Resistant): 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 18,
21, 25 mm
BWR grade (Boiling Water Resistant): 4, 6, 9, 12, 16,
19, 25 mm
Shuttering plywood: 6, 12, 15, 18, 21, 25 mm

Sizes available (in sq. feet)


8x4 , 8x3 , 7x4 , 7x3 , 6x4 , 6x3

Indian Standards Specifications

IS: 303 - MR Plywood, BWP/BWR Plywood, Flexi Ply


IS: 710 - Marine Plywood
IS: 10701 - Structural plywood
IS: 5509-1980 - Fire Retardant Plywood
IS: 4990 - Shuttering Plywood

Market Rates of Plywood


Thickness
18mm
16mm
12mm
9mm
6mm

Commercial
Plywood

Waterproof
Plywood

Regular
Plywood

Rs.84

Rs.46

Rs.51

Rs.78

Rs.42

Rs.42

Rs.57

Rs.38

Rs.38

Rs.48

Rs.33

Rs.29

Rs.39

Rs.24

Rs.54

Laminates
Manufacturing process:
made of brown base paper and decorative paper
use of resins make the paper hard and brittle
the two papers are hard pressed together

Types of laminates:
HPL : High pressure laminates
commonly fixed by carpenters over plywood while making
the furniture

LPL : Low pressure laminates


directly bonded to Particle Boards or Fiber Boards

Laminate Sizes and rates


o Standard size : 8'x 4
o Special sizes : 3 x 7 and 5 x 12
o The market rates of laminates ranges from Rs.28
Rs.390/per sq.ft.

Leading Laminate Brands in India


o Sunmica,Formica,Greenlam Laminates,Merino
Laminates,Century,Sundek,Asis,Virgo,Durian,Delta
Laminates,Kitvista

Types based on thickness


Regular laminate sheets
Thickness ranges from 0.61.5mm
Glued using fevicol or other
adhesives

Compact Laminates
Thickness ranging from 3 mm to
30 mm
These are self-supporting and
hence do not need to be glued

Types based on usage


Decorative use
Importance is given to Look and
feel

Industrial use
Importance is given to high
strength , durability, and
resistance to scratches ,wear
and tear

Veneers
Properties:
Thinner than 3mm
Available in standard sizes same as
laminates
Gives wood finish using much lesser solid
wood
Due to its flexibility wooden finished
furniture can be made in such shapes and
sizes which were not possible using solid
wood

Types:
Rotatory cut veneers
Logs are horizontally rotated and peeled

Sliced veneers
logs are sliced instead of being rotated and
peeled
Comparatively Costlier
Gives better quality veneer

Veneers vs. Laminates


Based on maintenance:
Laminates are easier to maintain.They
are scratch proof,water-proof, long age.
Veneers need to be polished from time to
time and can be scratched

Based on Cost:
High quality veneers are generally costlier
than laminates.
The market rates of veneer ranges from
Rs.30 Rs.550/per sq.ft.

Based on look:
Veneers give natural look and feel of
wood
Laminates provide both natural and well
as artificial patters.

Veneer samples on display

A Veneer sheet

Blockboards
Make:
Core is made of solid elongated blocks of soft wood
hardwood veneer for the surfaces

Classification Based on the wood used


Softwood
Hardwood

Classification Based on use:


Exterior Grade
Also known as BWP or BWR grade blockboard
Better water resistance

Interior Grade
Also called MR grade (Moisture Resistant) blockboard
Suitable for indoor use

Uses

For making long book shelves


For making tables and benches
Blockboard Doors and Solid core flush doors
Single and double beds, and Settees (Diwan) for
sitting.

ADVANTAGES
Lighter in weight (use of
softwood)
Good dimensional stability
Lesser tendency to sag or
bend
Costs Less
Better than Particle Board
and even MDF

DISADVANTAGES
Not as strong as plywood or
good quality solid wood
The nails may sometimes
enter the gaps

Particle Boards
Make
made from very small
particles of wood (sawdust
and small wood flakes)
wood particles are mixed with
glue
(Urea
formaldehyde resin)
mixture is firmly pressed
together using a hot-press
machine

Uses
Used to make ready-made
furniture, kitchen cabinets,
false ceiling, wall panels, and
partitions

Classification:
OSL: One sided lamination.
Only one side of the (the top surface or show surface)
is laminated,

BSL: Both sided lamination.


Both the top and bottom surfaces are laminated .
BSL is costlier than OSL.

Properties
Age usually not more than 5yrs
Very sensitive to water and even moisture
Very light weight
Eco-friendly as it is made up to waste wood
particles
The Indian Standards quality specification:
IS:3087 and IS:12823

Market Rates of Particle boards

Fiber boards
There are two main types
of fiber boards
1. HDF : High density fibre board
Density: 700-1450 kg/m

2. LDF/MDF : Low/medium
density fibre boards
Density: 600-800 kg/m

Mdf is more common out


of the two.
Made from wood fibres
Wood fibres are mixed with
glue and go through a hotpress machine.

The Indian Standards


quality specification:
IS:12406 and
IS:14857

Uses:
Used for making better
quality ready made
often used
inloudspeakerenclosur
es
used for custom-made
requirements such as
for making wardrobe
doors and for the
shutters of kitchen
cabinets.

Benefits of MDF
Some varieties are less expensive than many natural woods
Isotropic (properties same in all directions) ,so no tendency to split
Consistent in strength and size
Flexible. Can be used for curved walls or surfaces.
Shapes well.
Stable dimensions (won't expand or contract like wood)
Easy to finish (i.e. paint)
MDF boards are stronger, and hence costlier than plywood,particle
boards and block boards.

Drawbacks of MDF
Low grade MDF may swell and break when saturated with water.
May warp or expand if not sealed.
Dulls blades more quickly than many woods
Weaker compared to plywood,
Subject to significant shrinkage in low humidity environments.
Similar to particle boards, MDF boards are also not nailed. Screws
are used instead

Market Rates of MDF Board

THANK YOU

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