Bài Giảng Truy Xuất Nguồn Gốc Thực Phẩm 2013

Bi ging
Truy xut ngun gc thc phm

Bin son: Trn Th Bch Thy
Phan Th Thanh Hin
Nguyn Th Vn
B mn: m bo CL v An ton TP
Khnh Ha, thng 8 nm 12013
Gii thiu mn hc
1. Gii thiu chung
2. Mc tiu ca mn hc
3. Ni dung ca mn hc
4. Yu cu ca mn hc
5. Ti liu tham kho
6. Lm th no hc tt
GII THIU CHUNG

CHT
LNG
SN
PHM
Qun l cht lng theo HACCP
HACCP
Khng nhn din mi nguy gy ng c thc phm mi (mi nguy
mi cha cng b, v d mi nguy Salmonella trong sa Similac)
Rt hn ch trong truyn thng v mi nguy an ton thc phm
3
Vn cn
nguy c
mt
ATTP
YU CU TRUY XUT NGUN GC
THC PHM
Mc tiu ca mn hc
Trang b cc kin thc v nguyn tc, yu cu c
bn ca mt h thng truy xut ngun gc, cng
nh bit cch nh dng thng tin v phng thc
trao i thng tin truy xut ngun gc, cc
phng php truy xut ngun gc thng dng v
phng tin, cng c h tr phc v cho vic truy
xut sn phm thc phm trong v ngoi nc
hin nay.
5
Ni dung mn hc
1. Gii thiu chung v truy xut ngun gc thc
phm
2. Li ch v s cn thit phi truy xut ngun gc
thc phm
3. Cc yu t chnh ca truy xut ngun gc
4. Cc phng php truy xut ngun gc thng dng
v phng tin, cng c h tr phc v cho vic
truy xut
5. Thit lp h thng truy xut ngun gc
6. Cc quy nh quc t v Vit nam v truy xut
ngun gc thc phm.
6
YU CU CA MN HC
C kin thc v: Bao gi thc phm, m bo cht
lng v an ton thc phm, Cng ngh ch bin thc
phm
nh gi kt qu: Kim tra/thi kt thc hc phn:
50%:50%
- Tham gia hc trn lp
- Bi tp nhm
- Hot ng nhm
- Bo co nhm
- Kim tra gia k
- Thi kt thc hc phn
7
Cc ch tiu nh gi
TT
1
2
Phng
Trng
php nh
gi
(%)
Tham gia hc trn lp (TGH): chun b bi tt, im danh,

tch cc tho lun
quan st
Bi tp nhm
Chm bo
5
15
co, bi tp
3
Hot ng nhm (HN)
Trnh by bo
15
co
4
Kim tra gia k (KT)
Kim tra nh gi cui k (KTCK)
Thi kt thc hc phn (THP)
Vit
15
0
Vit
50
HP = TGH tr.s + TNC tr.s + HN tr.s + KT tr.s + KTCK tr.s +
THP tr.s.
QT = TGH tr.s + TNC tr.s + HN tr.s + KT tr.s + KTCK tr.s.
8
Ti liu hc tp
1. Trn Th Bch Thy, Phan Th Thanh Hin, Nguyn Th Vn, 2013, Bi ging Truy
xut ngun gc thc phm, i hc Nha Trang
2. Food Marketing Research and Information Center, 2007, Handbook for
Introduction of Food Traceability System, Japan
3. American National Fisheries Institute, 2011 , Traceability for Seafood, U.S.
Implementation Guide,
4. Khc Tun Anh , 2008, Bc u nghin cu xy dng h thng truy xut ngun
gc ti Vit Nam, Lun vn Thc s k thut
5. Michele Lees (editor), 2003, Food authenticity and traceability, Woodhead
Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC (Gio vin cung cp, dng file)
6. Gregory S. Bennet , 2010, Food Identify Preservation and traceability, CRC Press
7. Mt s trang web lin quan
Lm th no hc tt
Tham gia y cc bui l thuyt & thc hnh
c ti liu trc khi ti lp
Lm bi tp y
Tch cc pht biu trn lp v trong hot ng nhm
Ln k hoch thi gian t hc nh mi tun
Trao i vi bn b v hi GV nu cn
10
Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC
NI DUNG
Truy xut ngun gc l g?
i tng truy xut ngun gc
Phn loi truy xut ngun gc
Ti sao phi truy xut ngun gc
11
Truy xut ngun gc l g?

Traceability/product tracing: The ability to follow the
movement of a food through specified stage(s) of
production, processing and distribution .
Codex Procedural Manual
Truy xut ngun gc thc phm l vic truy tm qu trnh
hnh thnh v lu thng thc phm
Lut An Ton Thc Phm s 55/2010/QH12
L kha nng theo di, nhn din c mt n v sn

phm qua tng cng on ca qu trnh sn xut
kinh doanh.
Thng t 74/2011/TT-BNNPTNT
12
i vi sn phm thc phm, truy xut

ngun gc c th lin quan n:
- Ngun gc nguyn liu v cc thnh phn
- Lch s quy trnh ch bin sn phm

- Phn phi v v tr ca sn phm sau khi giao
13
i tng truy xut ngun gc
- Tt c cc loi thc phm v cc sn phm lin quan

trong ton b chui thc phm t ao nui n nh bn l
- Thc n chn nui v cc nguyn liu nng nghip
khc cn dng sn xut thc phm
- Cc vt liu tip xc vi thc phm.
Chui cung ng thc phm

Truy xut xui
Nh trng
trt
Nh ch
bin
Nh vn
chuyn
Nh phn
phi
Nh bn l
Truy xut ngc
15
16
17
Chui cung ng thc phm

Case study
Thit lp chui cung ng thc phm i vi mt
sn phm c th v din gii vai tr, hot ng,
tn gi c th ca cc bn tham gia.
Cc sn phm: Chui, rau qu, tht b, thy sn, ..
18
Truy xut ngun gc trong chui cung ng
19
Truy xut ni b v truy xut ngoi

L NL 151
L 211
L NL 156
L NL 838
SN
XUT
L 212
L NL 915
Tip nhn NL
Truy xut ngoi
Trong cng ty
Truy xut ni b
Giao hng
Truy xut ngoi
20

Truy xut ni b (Internal
traceability )
Truy xut sn phm trong 1 cng ty
Truy xut ngoi (External

traceability )
Truy xut theo chui cung ng
Bao gm cc lin kt gia nguyn liu u Gm cc lin kt v sn phm v thng

vo v thnh phm
tin vn chuyn gia cc bn tham gia
mi cng on phi c nhn din bng Tp trung vo cc d liu chuyn i.
m s nht nh.
S nhn din duy nht ca tng l v t
Mi lin kt gia bn thnh phm v cc liu ho chnh xc ln l iu ct li
nguyn liu ph
Nhn hng ha c cha m s l hng phi M s nhn din phi c kt ni vi
c duy tr cho ti khi sn phm c s nhau th hin trn nhn hng ha v cc
dng.
ti liu lin quan
21
Truy
xut ni
b
Truy
xut
ngoi
Truy xut
t u
ti cui
22
Bi tp tnh hung
Hy xem xt truy xut ni b/truy xut ngoi p
ng tiu ch no sau y:
Tiu ch
Truy
xut
Ci thin Qun l mi nguy Tha mn

cht lng
v an ton thc
nhu cu
sn phm
phm (ISO
khch hng
22000:2005)
Tun
th
lut
Ni b
Ngoi
23
Ti sao phi truy xut ngun gc thc

phm?
Nhng s c v
nhim c
Dioxin B
Dch b in
ti Anh
Khng b sinh
hc qua thc
phm, dch
bnh
D lng khng
sinh trong thy
sn
Quan ngi v An ton thc phm v thng

tin ngun gc thc phm
24
Ngoi ra
Truy xut ngun gc

cn nhm p ng cc
yu cu v php l
(lut l, quy nh) v
em li nhiu li ch
25
Ch
- TXNG khng phi l hnh ng kim sot mi nguy gy mt an ton
TP
- TXNG gip cho vic nh gi chnh xc ng i ca mt sn phm
- TXNG gip truy tm nguyn nhn v gii php khc phc nhanh v
chnh xc
- Nu ch dng li TXNG m khng kim sot mi nguy an ton thc
phm th TXNG l hon ton v ngha
26
Xem xt
- nh ngha v Truy xut ngun gc
- Truy xut ni b v truy xut theo chui, phn bit

- Truy xut xui dng v truy xut ngc dng, phn bit
- L do cn phi truy xut ngun gc thc phm
27
Vn 2: Li
ch v s cn thit phi truy xut ngun gc
T nguyn liu ti bn n
(M hnh chui n gin)
II
III
Mi ngi cng c li
Ch bin v phn phi

28
Mt sn phm c xc nh bi ngun gc,

c tnh v cc qu trnh ch bin m sn phm
i qua.
Nhng
Rt nhiu thng tin lin quan c ghi li
nhng sau b tht lc trong chui sn xut.
Trong khi
Tht lc thng tin c ngha l thit hi v tin ca, tim nng
tit kim lin quan ti cng tc truy cu thng tin l rt ln.
Mc tiu: phi loi b hon ton hay t nht l gim ng
k tnh trng tht thot thng tin, mi ngi c kh nng
truy cp cc d liu kp thi, r rng, lin quan n thc
phm/sn phm.
29
VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC
Cc l do cn phi truy xut ngun gc

- Li th cnh tranh i vi nh sn xut, nh ch bin, nh vn chuyn
v bn l
- Nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng
- S kim sot ca chnh ph, thu v trch nhim
- Cc t chc ca quc gia v quc t, cc t chc tiu chun, t chc
chng nhn, t chc mi trng, t chc phi chnh ph
30

?
?
?
B bt buc
?
?
Li ch thu c
l rt ln
?
?
?
31
nh sn xut (nh bt/nui trng)
32
nh ch bin v vn chuyn
33
Khu bn l
34
Ngi tiu dng
35
Chnh ph
36
S bt buc
Truy xut ngun gc p ng yu cu ca mt s th
trng
- Tc ng ca cc hng ro k thut
- Truy xut ngun gc chng gian ln thng mi
- Truy xut ngun gc m bo an ton v sinh nng thy sn
- Truy xut ngun gc hi nhp su hn trong xu
hng ton cu ha hin nay
- Truy xut ngun gc p ng c yu cu qun l
chung ca ngnh (c s php l).
37
TM LI
- Truy xut ngun gc l phng php cung
cp thc phm an ton, ng thi to mi lin
kt gia nh sn xut v ngi tiu dng
- Cc cng ty c th tc v h thng truy xut
ngun gc theo chui s c li th cnh tranh
ng k so vi cc cng ty khng c h thng
truy xut
38
Vn 2: Li
ch v s cn thit phi truy xut ngun gc
Xem xt
- Li ch ca truy xut ngun gc

- S cn thit phi thc hin truy xut ngun gc
39
Vn 3: Cc yu t chnh ca truy xut ngun gc
Thng tin v
kt ni thng tin
40
Truy xut ngun gc

Y L TRUY XUT NGUN GC
L KH NNG TRUY TM
Thng tin (l-u

tr c h thng)
Information
(systematic
recordings)
41
(4 yu t chnh)
Nhn din
Truy cu
v ghi chp
d liu
Qun l lin kt
Truyn thng
42
Nhn din
Qun l truy xut ngun gc bao gm s nhn din tt c cc
thc th lin quan n qu trnh bin th, cc l sn xut v
cc n v dch v hu cn, duy nht v r rng
truy tm v truy
xut mt thc th
tn ti, n phi
c nhn din r
rng
M nhn
din
43
44
V d v vic ghi m s nhn din ti x nghip

(tham kho t bi bo co ti hi tho truy xut ngun gc sn phm)
Ma so hoan chnh tren tng

thung carton gom 10 ch so
vi y ngha nh sau:
4 so au: Ma so hp ong
mua ban vi khach hang
nguyen lieu.
3 so tiep theo: Th t ngay
trong nam.
Ch so th 8: Nam
Ch so th 9: X nghiep
Ch so th 10: Nhom thanh
pham ong thung
H thng m s m vch - GS1

- GS1 (EAN/UCC) l t chc m s m vch quc t
- Nm 2002 EAN/UCC trin khai d n: Truy xut
ngun gc
- GS1 l cng c thun li nh dng v trao i
thng tin truy xut
- D n ny a ra phng php lun chung v
khuyn co ton cu i vi tt c cc ngnh pht
trin gii php truy xut ngun gc
46
n li kin thc
- Cu trc v cu to m s GLN, GTIN, SSCC, nu
v d
- M quc gia ca mt s nc trn th gii
- Quy trnh ng k cp m doanh nghip
47
Nhn din theo tiu chun GS1
V tr
Sn phm
Nhn
din
S-ri
L
Qu trnh
vn chuyn
48
Nhn din v tr (M s a im)

ngha: Gip nhn din cc bn
Tiu chun
GS1 nhn
din v tr l M
s nh v ton
cu (GLN)
tham gia trong chui cung ng

theo cc thng tin:
- Nc xut x
- M doanh nghip
- a im thuc doanh nghip
(kho, phng, ban,..)
49
Nhn din v tr (M s a im)

Mi cng ty hoc t chc gi mt M hiu GS1
ca cng ty c th phn nh GLN ca ring h
50
Nhn din v tr
V tr no cn quan tm c bit hoc ci g s
b truy xut ngun gc
V d cu hi
V d thng tin i km
Vt phm thng mi c sn xut

u?
Vt phm c lu kho u?
Vt phm c phn phi i u?
Vt phm c sn xut u?
Ai nhp khu hng ha?
Ai l ngi phn phi sn phm c li?
Ai vn chuyn hng ha?
Ai cung cp l nguyn liu s dng?
...
Quc gia
V tr a l
a ch c th v nhng chi
tit khc
M s chng nhn
M s bao gi
Tn lin h
V tr
51
Nhn din vt phm thng mi

Tiu
chun
EAN.UCC c th
p dng nhn
din cc vt phm
thng mi chnh
l M s vt phm
thng mi ton
cu (GTIN).
ngha: gip nhn din/phn

nh sn phm theo cc thng tin:
- Nc sn xut
- C s sn xut
- Sn phm
- Thng tin lin quan n sn phm
(tn loi thy sn, dng ch bin,...)
c bn bn cung cp cho bn
mua v c lu trong CSDL
52
GTIN c cu to nh- sau:
V d cu hi
Sn phm no b truy xut ngun gc
hoc triu hi?
Nguyn liu, sn phm, bao gi no ,..
-c s dng ?
Khi lin quan n qu trnh sn xut,
cng c v sn xut b sung no -c
s dng?
Kiu thc th dch v hu cn no -c
tip nhn, l-u kho v chuyn i?
...
V d thng tin i km
M t
Nh cung cp
Ng-i ch nhn hiu
Thnh phn
c tnh
Qu trnh sn xut
GTINTM ca cc vt phm bao gi
Chng nhn bn th ba
Kch th-c
Trng l-ng
H-ng dn x l
...
53
Nhn din S-ri

M s s-ri, cn gi l m s sn xut,
a ra kh nng truy bt hoc truy xut
mt vt phm ring ti trong mt qu trnh
sn xut, n phi l duy nht i vi mt
vt phm thng mi lin quan (GTINTM)
S s-ri do nh sn xut, nh ch bin
hoc nh bao gi t ra v phi khng
c s dng 2 ln trong sut hn s
dng ca mt vt phm
54
Nhn din S-ri

Ln ln v
s s-ri
gia cc
cng ty
Tiu chun EAN.UCC

c th p dng
l GTINTM + S S-ri.
55
Cu hi v d
V d thng tin i
km
n v sn xut no
Ngy/ gi sn xut v
lin quan ti s khc

nhau v cht lng?
Vt phm thng
mi no b triu hi?
L nguyn liu no
c s dng?
...
bao
gi
Dy chuyn sn xut
M s mu
Nhit vo thi inm
bin tnh
bn ti thiu
bn ti a
...
56
Nhn din l
Tiu chun GS1 c kh nng ng dng l
GTIN + M s L
V d cu hi
V d thng tin i km
n v sn xut no lin
quan ti s khc nhau v
cht lng??
Mn hng thng mi
no b triu hi?
L nguyn liu n
c s dng?
...
Ngy/ gi sn xut v bao

gi
Dy chuyn sn xut
M s mu
Nhit vo thi im bin
tnh
Hn s dng
Kt qu phn tch
...
57
Nhn din n v hu cn
S dng cho n v sn phm vn chuyn
ngha: gip nhn din
n v giao nhn vi cc thng
tin:
Nc xut x
C s sn xut
S xri ca n v giao
nhn
Tra cu c s d liu (bn bn
cung cp cho bn mua) s bit
thng tin chi tit v n v giao
nhn
N c nhn din bi
mt M s cng-ten-n
hng gi (SSCC) v hp
nht cc vt phm
thng mi (nhn din
bi GTIN) c vn
chuyn cng nhau
58
Khi iu tra,
n v
dch v
hu cn
no c
nhn, cc
cu hi
sau y
s gip
bn tr li
V d cu hi
V d thng tin i
km
Ni dung
Kiu i tng dch v
hu cn (GTINTM)
Nh cung cp
Cng ty vn chuyn
Ngy phn phi
nh ch kho v nhit
S lng thng cc tng

b loi b hoc b sung ti
cc gi (xp, i ch
thng cc tng trn gi
)
S di chuyn (ngy v gi
ca s di chuyn khi kho,
bc d hng, vv.)
M s n t chuyn
hng
M s ghi ch phn chia
v dch v
hu cn no
c phn chia ti
u, vo ngy
no?
Gi hng no
c cha l sn
xut c li?
Cc gi hng
no cn c truy
xut?
...
59
60
Sn phm cui
a ra th
trng s dng
m s GS 1 no ?
M s GTIN, vi cc thng tin c th c
c khi kt ni vi c s d liu c sn:
- Tn nc xut x
- Tn, a ch,... ca DN sn xut
- Thng tin v sn phm:
(tn thng mi, tn khoa hc ca nguyn
liu, trng lng,...)
61
Truy cu v ghi chp d liu

Qun l truy xut ngun gc bao gm s xc
nh trc thng tin c kh nng ghi chp
li qu trnh thng qua ton b chui cung
cp.
Thng tin
D liu truy xut
ph thuc vo
dy chuyn sn
xut, thi gian
sn xut,
phi c
lu tr c
th sn sng
khi cn n
62
Cc loi d liu
D liu truy xut
D liu chuyn i
D liu v ngun
gc - gin tip
D liu v qu trnh
Cc c tnh vt
th -trc tip
D liu v qu
trnh b sung
63
Hai loi d liu cn lu tr

D liu sn phm,
D liu chuyn i,
cc yu t d liu
danh mc cc ID
thng tin cho bn v
nguyn liu hay thnh
nguyn liu, sn
phn c s dng
phm hay thnh phn
sn xut ra l sn
ca sn phm (loi,
phm v danh mc ID
mu sc, mc cht
sn phm v cc sn
lng, trng lng
phm cng c sn
)
xut t l nguyn liu
64
Truy cu v ghi chp d liu

Quy nh
Thi gian lu tr thng tin
iu khon hp ng
Cc bn lin quan t quyt nh
Khuyn ngh
65
66
67
Ghi chp d liu
II
III
Description: (M t)
-origin (xut x)
-processes (qu trnh)
-properties (c tnh)
68
Qun l lin kt
Truy xut ngun gc bao gm qun l lin
kt lin tip gia cc l sn xut v cc
n v dch v hn cn thng qua ton b
chui cung cp.
69
Trong 1 cng ty vic kim sot ton b cc

lin kt v k ton kho chnh xc c kh nng
to ra mi lin kt gia ci nhn c v ci
c sn xut ra v /hoc chuyn hng nhn
c (v ngc li).
Nu mt trong cc i tc trong chui tht bi

khi qun l nhng mi lin kt ny theo hng
ngc dng hoc xui dng th din bin kt
qu cho thy s t on (hoc mt) kh nng
truy xut ngun gc
70
Truyn thng
Qun l truy xut ngun gc bao gm
s kt hp ca cc dng thng tin vi
dng hng ha c hc.
71
Xem xt
Khi nim, c im v vai tr ca tng yu t
trong hot ng truy xut ngun gc
- Nhn din
-Truy cu v ghi chp d liu
- Qun l lin kt
- Truyn thng
72
Vn 4: Cc phng php truy xut ngun gc thng dng

v phng tin, cng c h tr phc v cho vic truy xut.
NI DUNG
1. nh dng thng tin v phng thc trao i
thng tin truy xut ngun gc
2. Cc phng php truy xut ngun gc
3. Gii php k thut p dng trong truy xut
ngun gc
73
Vn 4: Phng thc truy xut v gii php k thut

p dng trong truy xut ngun gc.
nh dng thng tin
B rng: Lng thng tin

thu thp c
Chiu
su: kh
nng
truy xut
xui v
ngc
ca h
thng
ti u
74

nh dng thng tin

B rng
- Nhng thng tin quan trng v cn thit cho truy xut c
ghi chp li v duy tr trong sut chui cung ng
-- Lng v loi d liu cn thit lu tr ni b l yu t quyt
nh cho vic truy xut ni b
- Lng d liu cn thit cho vic truyn thng gia cc bn
tham gia trong chui cung ng nhm qun l lin kt hiu qu
75
Vn 4: Cc phng php truy xut ngun gc thng dng

v phng tin, cng c h tr phc v cho vic truy xut.
nh dng thng tin
V d trong khu tip nhn nguyn liu
Nhng thng tin no cn ly?
Loi tm
M s
ngi bn
Ngy tip
nhn
S lng
Bin s xe
ti
Trch nhim
c nhn
Cn
thit
C
th
c
76

nh dng thng tin

Chiu
su: kh
nng
truy xut
xui v
ngc
ca h
thng
ti u
Nh Ch bin
Nh tip
nhn sn
phm
77

nh dng thng tin

Chiu
su: kh
nng
truy xut
xui v
ngc
ca h
thng
ti u
Nh Ch bin
i l cp2
i l cp 1
Ngi nui
78

nh dng thng tin

Thng tin gc (thng tin cp 1): Tn, a ch ngi
bn/mua, khi lng, th tch,
Thng tin cp 1 c m ha : Chuyn thng tin gc
thnh m s d nhn din v phn nh thng tin
79
V d: S dng sn phm v truy xut ngun gc

thy sn nui
(ngun: trung tm chuyn giao cng ngh v dch v thy sn )
80

Cc phng php nh dng chnh

ST
T
Phng php
Ni dung
Lp thnh vn bn, biu bng
ng dng
Truyn thng
M s, m vch Chuyn thng tin gc thnh:

GS1
- M s
- M vch
Theo tiu chun GS1
Nhn din bng my qut tia

hng ngoi
Bng tn s RFID
Nhn dng bng my c qua

tn s v tuyn in
Chuyn thng tin c m ha

vo b nh (con chp)
- Gn con chp vo tng thng hng
Thng tin gc
81

C s la chn phng thc nh dng
C s sn xut ch
ng quyt nh
phng thc nh
dng v trao i
thng tin
- p ng yu cu v
lut l hin hnh
- Ph hp vi iu kin
ca c s
- Tin li trong s dng
- Hiu qu kinh t
82

Bi tp tnh hung
nh dng thng tin truy xut ni b v truy xut ngoi?
Vn 4: Cc phng php truy xut ngun gc v phng

tin, cng c h tr phc v cho vic truy xut.
Phng thc trao i thng tin truy xut

- Vn bn (biu bng)
- Vin thng: tin nhn (qua in thoi di ng), email
- Mng ni b
Khng c quy nh
bt buc trong
phng thc trao
i thng tin truy
xut
Cc c s sn xut ch
ng quyt nh
phng thc lu gi v
trao i thng tin nhm
p ng yu cu ca c
quan thm quyn v
thng tin truy xut.
84

Phng thc truy xut ngun gc

Truy xut theo phng php truyn thng Truy xut ngun gc in t
- Vic truy xut ngun gc c ghi chp bng

tay, thng qua biu bng trong sut qu trnh sn
xut, lu tr bng giy t s sch. Cc b h
s truy xut ngun gc c qun l bng m
s truy xut ngun gc ni b ca doanh
nghip. Thng tin truy xut c thc hin
thng qua vic tng hp giy t.
- u im:
- Nhc im:
- Phng php truy xut ngun gc s dng

m s - m vch. M s truy xut ngun gc
cho tng l hng, theo cc tiu chun
quc t v duy nht trn ton cu. Thng
tin c s ha lu tr trn h thng
mng my tnh.
-
u im:
Nhc im:
85

H thng truy xut ngun gc in t
86

Gii php k thut

- Trang thit b my mc (my tnh, in thoi,
my scan, my in).
- Chng trnh qun l, internet
87
Vn 5:THIT LP H THNG TRUY XUT
NI DUNG
1.Mt s thut ng v gii thch
2. Mc tiu ca h thng truy xut ngun gc
3. Nguyn tc thit lp h thng TXNG
4. Yu cu c bn ca h thng TXNG
5. Ni dung ca h thng TXNG
6. Trnh t th tc TXNG
88
THIT LP H THNG TRUY XUT

1. Mt s thut ng v gii thch
STT
Thut ng
Gii thch
L hng sn
xut (m sn
xut)
l mt lng hng xc nh c sn xut theo cng mt quy

trnh cng ngh, cng iu kin sn xut v cng mt khong thi
gian sn xut lin tc
L hng nhn
L hng giao
l mt lng nguyn liu c mt c s thu mua, tip nhn mt

ln sn xut
l mt lng thnh phm ca mt c s c giao nhn mt ln
H thng truy Organization of data and operations that is capable of

xut
maintaining desired information about a product and its
ISO/DIS 22005 components through all or part of its production and utilization
chain
D liu
Thng tin c lu tr
89

L hng
L hng ???
(Lot)
90

L hng
V d
91

2. Mc tiu
Khi thit lp
h thng
TXNG
thc phm
th
cn
thit xc
nh
r
mc tiu
cn
t
c.
m bo
an ton TP
Nng cao
hiu qu
kinh doanh
H tr thu
hi sn
phm
MC
TIU
tin cy
ca thng
tin
p ng
yu cu
cu khch
hng
92
Ch
H thng truy xut ngun gc

khng phi l h thng trc tip
m bo an ton thc phm
nhng n hiu qu trong vic
m bo lng tin ca khch
hng v cc i tc trong chui
cung ng thc phm
93

3. Nguyn tc thit lp h thng TXNG
Mt bc trc
Mt bc trc
C s sn xut kinh doanh/cng

on sn xut
C s sn xut kinh doanh/cng

on sn xut
Mt bc sau
Mt bc sau
Nguyn tc truy xut mt bc trc - mt bc sau:

Bo m nhn din c c s sn xut kinh doanh/ cng
on sn xut trc v c s sn xut kinh doanh/ cng
on sn xut tip theo sau trong qu trnh sn xut
kinh doanh i vi mt sn phm c truy xut.
94
4. Yu cu c bn
Minh bch thng tin: con ng pht trin bn vng
L hng nhn
(thng tin)
L hng sn xut
(thng tin)
m bo vic truy xut

c chnh xc, minh
bch
L hng xut
(thng tin)
95

5. NI DUNG
H thng TXNG c th hin bng vn bn, gm cc ni dung chnh:
a. Phm vi p dng ca h thng

b. Th tc m ha, nhn din
c. Th tc ghi chp v lu tr h s
d. Th tc thm tra
e. Th tc truy xut ngun gc
f. Phn cng trch nhim
96

a. Phm vi p dng ca h thng
H thng truy xut ngun gc c thit lp cho chui
thc phm ca mt mt hng c th ti mt c s sn
xut kinh doanh
b. Th tc m ha, nhn din
Nguyn liu
Bn thnh phm
Phi c m ha m bo
thun li truy xut c
cc thng tin cn thit t
cng on sn xut trc
Thnh phm
97
Thng tin ti thiu (thng tin cp 1) phi lu tr

(i vi c s SXKD trong nc N 178/2002/EC)
Bc trc
L hng nhn:
Thng tin v c s
cung cp l hng: tn,
a ch v m s (nu
c)
Giao-nhn: Thi gian,
a im
Thng tin v l hng:
tn (chng loi), khi
lng, m s nhn din
Hin ti
Bc sau
L hng sn xut
(ti tng cng
on):
Thi gian sn xut
Tn (chng loi)
Khi lng
M s nhn din l
hng/m hng
L hng giao:
Thng tin v c s
tip nhn l hng: tn,
a ch v m s (nu
c)
Giao-nhn: Thi gian,
a im
Thng tin v l hng:
tn (chng loi), khi
lng, m s nhn din
Thng tin cp 1 c m ha, sn sng cung cp khi c yu

cu
98

L DO CN M HA
- Thng tin c rt gn (s, hnh hoc tn s)
- D lu tr
- Gi c thng tin i vi nhng ngi khng
lin quan
99

Thng tin cp 2 (nn c):
- M s: M/t sn xut
- K thut s ch/ch bin/ tinh ch
- Quy cch ng gi
-c lu gi ti c
s
- Sn sng cung cp
cho c quan gim st
c. Th tc ghi chp v lu tr h s
Kt ni cng on trc v
cng on sau
D dng truy cp
100

i vi c s xut nhp khu thc phm
- Lu tr thm thng tin v c s sn xut/c s nhp v
nc nhp khu/xut khu
H thng qun l d liu, m ha cc thng tin truy xut
ngun gc phi c lu tr bng phng tin ph hp
m bo thun tin cho vic tra cu
Thi gian ti thiu phi lu tr h s
- Thc phm, nng lm sn ti sng: 6 thng
- Thc phm, nng lm sn ng lnh, ch bin: 2 nm
101

d. Th tc thm tra
nh k v
t xut
B sung, sa
i h thng: 1
nm/ln m
bo h thng
lun ph hp
102

e. Th tc truy xut ngun gc
Ni dung g (What)
Ai thc hin (Who)
Thc hin khi no (When)
Thc hin nh th no (How)
103

Ni dung g (what)
Th tc truy xut ni b (Internal

traceability)
Th tc truy xut theo chui

(External traceability)
- Quy trnh sn xut

- M ha l, m
- Biu mu gim st
-
-H s tip nhn
- H s xut hng
- M ha l hng nhp, xut
104

Ai thc hin (Who)
Food Business Operators (FBOs)
Food business operators
V d
Nh cung cp nguyn liu
Nng, ng dn; ch l m
Nh cung cp trung gian
Ngi ch bin, s ch, cung cp ph

gia, bao b,..
Nh cung cp dch v/bn l
Khch sn, nh hng
Kho hng, trung tm phn phi
Nh mi gii, u nu
105
Thc hin khi no (When)

Khi i thit lp h thng truy xut ngun gc
cn xem xt 2 yu t
Yu t bn
ngoi
Quy nh, lut l; yu cu
ca khch hng; qun l
dch v hu cn; ngun
gc ca sn phm
Yu t ni
ti
Chnh sch v mc
tiu ca cng ty, qun
l nguy c; minh bch
thng tin
106
Thc hin nh th no (How)

-
Trn tng chui cung ng thc phm nht nh

Theo nguyn tc mt bc trc-mt bc sau
Thng tin truy xut
M s truy xut
107

M S TRUY XUT
L m s c to ra duy nht trn sn phm

thc hin truy xut
Rt quan
trng trong
nhn din
M s TXNG
l 1 m, 1 th
hoc 1 nhn
108

M TRUY XUT
- c to ra duy nht
- Phn t nhn dng (du, th, nhn) c gn vi sn
phm cho ti khi no?
- Ti sao m s truy xut li quan trng?
109

V d
GS1
ID Tag
RFID
110

Khi no cn thit lp m s truy xut ???
- Thng tin t cc khu trc c nhn trong khu tip nhn NL
- Mt m s truy xut mi c to ra phc v cho qu trnh truy
xut ni b. N hnh thnh khi mt/nhiu ngun (thnh phn) bin
th thnh mt/nhiu l hng khc cho ti sn phm cui cng
- M s truy xut s c s dng trong truyn thng vi bn tip
theo trong chui cung ng
111

Qu trnh tch/nhp l
Dng chy vt l ca sn phm
- Many to one: Nhiu loi nguyn vt liu v bao b c kt hp
sn xut ra sn phm mi (Lot 1 + Lot 2 + Lot 3 Lot A)
- Many to many: Cc l hng c ng gi mi
- One to one: Khi nguyn liu c mua bi i l cp 1 v chuyn
tip cho i l cp 2
- One to many: Khi mt dy chuyn c bao gi trong cc khi
lng khc nhau
112
Cc h thng truy xut ngun gc c bt buc

ging nhau khng?
113

TRNH T TH TC TXNG
Khi no thc
hin hot ng
TXNG?
Khi pht hin l hng sn

xut/l hng giao khng m
bo an ton TP hoc khi tip
nhn yu cu truy xut
114

TRNH T TH TC TXNG
nh gi s cn thit phi thc hin TXNG
Nhn din l hng sn xut/l hng giao cn truy
xut thng qua h s lu tr
Nhn din cc cng on sn xut lin quan n l
hng sn xut/l hng giao cn thc hin truy xut
Xc nh nguyn nhn v cng on mt kim sot
xut cc bin php x l

Lp bo co kt qu truy xut sau khi kt thc qu
trnh truy xut l hng nhn/l hng giao
115
Vn 6: Cc quy nh, hng dn quc t v Vit

Nam v truy xut ngun gc thc phm
Ni dung
1. Cc quy nh, hng dn quc t
2. Tnh hnh truy xut ngun gc v quy nh ca cc th
trng nhp khu chnh
3. Tnh hnh truy xut ngun gc v quy nh ca Vit Nam
4. Phng php tm kim, cp nht cc quy nh quc t v
Vit Nam v truy xut ngun gc thc phm.
116

Cc quy nh, hng dn quc t
TT
T chc/Vn bn
Ni dung
Codex Alimentarius
Committee
Principles for Traceability/Product Tracing as a Tool

within a Food Inspection and Certification System
ISO 22005:2007
Traceability in the Feed and Food ChainGeneral

Principles and Basic Requirements for System Design and
Implementation
ISO 9001:2000
Ensuring traceability could be added as one of the

requirements.
ISO 12875:2011
Kh nng truy tm ngun gc sn phm c Quy nh k

thut v thng tin s c ghi li trong chui phn phi c
nh bt:
ISO 12877:2011
Kh nng truy tm ngun gc sn phm c Quy nh k

thut v thng tin s c ghi li trong chui phn phi c
nui
117

Cc th trng nhp khu chnh
118
Vn 6: Cc quy nh quc t v Vit Nam v

truy xut ngun gc thc phm
T chc
/Nc
Vn bn
Ni dung
Lut Thc phm

sa i 2011
Sn phm sn xut ti M phi thit lp h thng

truy xut ngun gc
Lut chng khng

b sinh hc
ng k bt buc vo c s d liu FDA tt c

thc phm xut khu sang M
Phi c i l/i din cng s in thoi khn cp
Thng tin bt buc v thc phm
PL 107-188
119

Thng tin bt buc v thc phm
Tn ngi giao hng, s in thoi, fax, email, a ch
Tn ngi gi, s in thoi, fax, email, a ch M s hi
quan ca cng ty v loi hng nhp
Thng s v thc phm bao gm m sn phm ca FDA,
tn thng thng, s lng, s l hay m s ca tng gi
c im nhn din ca nh sn xut, nui trng, (tu c)
Nc sn xut
Vn chuyn t nc ..., nh vn chuyn, k hoch vn
chuyn tip theo
D kin a im, ngy, gi n
.
120

T chc
Vn bn
Ni dung
Ngh Vin
Chu u v
Hi ng lin
minh Chu
u.
Quy nh EC s
178/2002 ngy 28
thng 01 nm 2002
iu 18: Kh nng truy xut ngun gc:

H thng truy xut ngun gc phi c thit lp tt c
cc cng on ca qu trnh nh bt, nui trng, ch bin,
bo qun v phn phi
Ti tt c cc giai on phi thit lp h thng/th tc
xc nh v lu tr thng tin v sn xut sn phm (nhp
vo v bn ra) theo yu cu c th ca c quan thm quyn
Hng ha a ra th trng phi c dn nhn bng
phng thc thch hp truy xut c ngun gc (ph
hp vi th tc qui nh)
p dng nguyn tc truy xut Mt bc sau Mt bc

trc (One step back One step forward)
121

Nc
Nht Bn
Hn Quc
Vn bn
Ni dung
National Standards:
Requirements for
food traceability
system
p dng cho thm tra h thng HACCP (thm tra ni b,

thm tra t bn ngoi, thm tra t bn th ba)
JAS: Japanese
Agricultural
Standards
Quy nh vic cung cp thng tin mt cch chnh xc t

cc danh nghip thc phm ti tay ngi tiu dng
Quy ch ghi nhn v

xut x hng ha sa
i 2002
Mi l hng thy sn sn xut v tiu th ti Hn Quc

phi:
- Thit lp h thng truy xut ngun gc
- Phi xut trnh h s truy xut ngun gc khi c
yu cu
122

Tnh hnh truy xut ngun gc Vit Nam
Nm 2004: B Thy sn (c) giao cho Cc Qun l Cht lng,
ATVS & TYTS (NAFIQAVED) thc hin nhim v khoa hc:
Xy dng qui nh danh mc tn thng mi v m ha
phc v truy xut ngun gc sn phm thy sn Vit Nam
Kt qu t c:
- D tho Quy nh tm thi v truy xut ngun gc sn phm
thy sn
- D tho danh mc tn thng mi thy sn Vit Nam theo cc
th trng nhp khu chnh.

Nm 2004: NAFIQAVED phi hp vi Tiu hp phn FMIS
thuc Hp phn STOFA (D n FSPS phase 1) trin khai p dng
th im m hnh truy xut ngun gc theo chui sn xut thy sn
cho 3 mt hng chnh: Tm S nui/khai thc bin v c Tra nui ti
03 a phng: Bn Tre (i vi tm S) v An Giang (i vi c
Tra/Basa), c Ng i dng ti Khnh Ha vi cc ni dung
thc hin:
- o to kin thc v m s - m vch v p dng m s m vch
trong truy xut ngun gc.
- o to phng php ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong truy
xut theo chui sn xut thy sn: my tnh, in thoi di ng,
cho cn b k thut cc c quan a phng, DN ch bin thy
sn.
- o to ging vin truy xut ngun gc.
- Mua sm trang thit b phc v cng tc truy xut ngun gc ti
cc Doanh nghip th im.

Nm 2008: Cc ng dng v Pht trin cng ngh Vit Nam
(SATI) thuc B Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng phi hp
vi Trung tm Cng ngh in t v my tnh Thi Lan
(NECTEC) trin khai nghin cu p dng th im cng ngh
nhn dng bng tn s (RFID) trong truy xut ngun gc tm
ng lnh.
Nm 2008 2009: D n Posma h tr Cc Qun l Cht lng
Nng lm sn v Thy sn:
- Xy dng Quy nh tm thi v truy xut ngun gc v triu
hi sn phm trn c s nng cp D tho c Cc
- Xy dng th im h thng truy xut ngun gc cho sn
phm tm v c nui ti 3 tnh: Bn Tre, An Giang v C Mau.

Qui nh v ghi nhn v truy xut ngun gc ca Vit Nam
TT
Vn bn
Ni dung
Lut An ton thc phm s: Mc 4. Truy xut ngun gc thc phm, thu hi v
55/2010/QH12
x l i vi thc phm khng bo m an ton
Thng t s 74/2011/TTBNNPTNT
Quy nh v truy xut ngun gc, thu hi v x l

thc phm nng lm sn khng bo m an ton
Thng t s 03/2011/TTBNNPTNT
Quy nh v truy xut ngun gc v thu hi sn

phm khng m bo cht lng, an ton thc phm
trong lnh vc thu sn
Ngh nh 89/2006/N-CP
V nhn hng ha
Lut s 05/2007/QH12
Lut Cht lng sn phm, hng ho

126

Qui nh v ghi nhn v qun l xut x Vit Nam
Vn bn
Ni dung
QCVN0201/2009/BNNPTNT
C s CBTS iu kin chung m bo v sinh

ATTP mc 6 qui nh v xc nh l hng thy sn:
- C s SX phi c y h s cho mi l hng
- Mi l nguyn liu c mt m s vi thng tin:
i l nguyn liu, ngy gi nhn nguyn liu , tn loi
thy sn, khi lng, cc thng s CL, ATVS,
QCVN0202/2009/BNNPTNT
QCVN02-02/2009/BNNPTNT - C s ch bin TS
Chng trinh QLCL v ATTP theo HACCP, mc 5.9
TT
quy nh v truy xut ngun gc sn phm

p ng yu cu triu hi l hng khi c vn
v cht lng.
127

Phng php tm kim, cp nht cc quy nh quc t
v Vit Nam v truy xut ngun gc thc phm.
Quc t
http://www.codexalimentarius.org/standards/list-ofstandards/
http://www.iso.org/iso/home.html
http://www.oie.int/en/
http://www.foodtraceability.eu/blog/en
http://www.gs1.org/gsmp/kc/traceability
http://www.trace.eu.org/tracingyourfood.php
www.gs1.vn

Vit Nam
www.tcvn.vn
http://www.nafiqaved.gov.vn/N afi/N ews/chatluong.aspx
http://www.fistenet.gov.vn/
http://www.cucthuy.gov.vn/
http://www.vasep.com.vn
http://www.mard.gov.vn

Bi tp tnh hung
Yu cu sinh vin cung cp cc quy nh, hng
dn c th tm c v truy xut ngun gc?

Mt s chng trnh h tr h thng TXNG

- Xy dng h thng v p dng th im h thng TXNG Thy sn
Xy dng quy nh v m ha v truy xut ngun gc sn phm thy
sn tt c cc cng on t nui trng, khai thc, thu gom, bo
qun, vn chuyn nguyn liu n ch bin v tiu th sn phm
thy sn lm c s php l p dng h thng truy xut.
Xy dng ti liu (danh mc, catalogue) mang tnh php l v tn
thng mi cc loi thy sn vi cc thng tin: Tn gi ting Vit
(tn thng gi v tn a phng), tn khoa hc (Latinh), tn
thng mi ting Anh (ng vi mt s th trng chnh), nh v m
t sinh hc.
- Thit lp v p dng th im m hnh truy xut NG theo chui sn
xut thy sn cho 2 mt hng chnh: Tm s nui/ khai thc bin v
cc Tra nui ti hai a phng: Bn Tre v An Giang
131

Mt s thng tin v vn truy xut ngun

gc thc phm thu sn ti Vit Nam
Kh khn thc hin truy xut ngun gc hng ha Vit Nam
- Vn bn php l cha y , thiu ng b
- Thiu kin thc v kinh nghim
- Nn sn xut nh
- H thng cung cp nguyn liu v phn phi phi qua nhiu u mi
trung gian, thng tin c kh nng truy xut b mt sau khi qua h
thng phn phi.
- Thng tin ti tng cng on trong chui sn xut lu thng, phn
phi cha c ghi nhn ng mc, cha mang tnh kt ni lin tc
dn n cha c kh nng truy xut sn phm y v chnh xc.
V vy, i hi s phi hp ng b ca tt c cc cng on trong
chui sn xut vi phng php thc hin thng nht trn c s
php l ph hp.
132
CHC THNH CNG
133

Bài Giảng Truy Xuất Nguồn Gốc Thực Phẩm 2013

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Bi ging

Truy xut ngun gc thc phm

Khnh Ha, thng 8 nm 12013

GII THIU CHUNG

Qun l cht lng theo HACCP

Tham gia hc trn lp (TGH): chun b bi tt, im danh,

Hot ng nhm (HN)

Kim tra gia k (KT)

Kim tra nh gi cui k (KTCK)

Thi kt thc hc phn (THP)

HP = TGH tr.s + TNC tr.s + HN tr.s + KT tr.s + KTCK tr.s +

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Truy xut ngun gc l g?

L kha nng theo di, nhn din c mt n v sn

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

i vi sn phm thc phm, truy xut

- Lch s quy trnh ch bin sn phm

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

i tng truy xut ngun gc

- Tt c cc loi thc phm v cc sn phm lin quan

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Chui cung ng thc phm

Truy xut ngc

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Chui cung ng thc phm

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Truy xut ngun gc trong chui cung ng

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Truy xut ni b v truy xut ngoi

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Truy xut ngoi (External

Bao gm cc lin kt gia nguyn liu u Gm cc lin kt v sn phm v thng

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Ci thin Qun l mi nguy Tha mn

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Ti sao phi truy xut ngun gc thc

Quan ngi v An ton thc phm v thng

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Truy xut ngun gc

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Vn 1: GII THIU CHUNG V TRUY XUT NGUN GC

- Truy xut ni b v truy xut theo chui, phn bit

ch v s cn thit phi truy xut ngun gc

Ch bin v phn phi

Mt sn phm c xc nh bi ngun gc,

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Cc l do cn phi truy xut ngun gc

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

nh sn xut (nh bt/nui trng)

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

Ngi tiu dng

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

VN 2: LI CH V S CN THIT PHI TRUY XUT NGUN GC

ch v s cn thit phi truy xut ngun gc

- Li ch ca truy xut ngun gc

Vn 3: Cc yu t chnh ca truy xut ngun gc