150 Bai Toan Tin

L Minh Hong
150+Bi Ton Tin

i hc S Phm H Ni 2004 2006
LIST 150+ BI TON TIN L MINH

HONG
001. TNH TON SONG SONG
002. BNG S
10
003. CARGO
11
004. DY CON
12
005. XU FIBINACCI
13
006. VNG S NGUYN T
14
007. I BN
15
008. CA S VN BN
16
009. VNG TRN CON
17
010. B TR PHNG HP
18
011. MUA V TU HO
19
012. XIN CH K
21
013. LC NM KIM CNG
22
014. RI SI
23
015. IP VIN
24
016. KHONG CCH GIA HAI XU
25
017. XP LI BNG S
26
018. THM KHU TRIN LM
27
019. D MN
29
020. XP LI DY S
30
2
021. CO DY BT PHN
31
022. TUYN BAY
32
023. M PHNG CC PHP TON
33
024. DY CON CA DY NH PHN
34
025. TNG CC CH S
35
026. NG I NHIU IM NHT
36
027. K HOCH THU NHN CNG
37
028. DY CC HNH CH NHT
38
029. SN CT
39
030. CT VI
40
031. CHIA KO
41
032. BNG QUAN H
42
033. ONG NC
43
034. TR TIN
44
035. HON V CH CI
45
036. D TIC BN TRN
46
037. TRO BI
47
038. I XNG HO
48
039. MNG MY TNH
49
040. LT MI N
50
041. S NH PHN LN NHT
51
042. SN CC HNH CH NHT
52
043. PHN HOCH TAM GIC
53
3
044. CC THNH PHN LIN THNG MNH
54
045. M GRAY
55
046. D N XY CU
56
047. BO TN NG VT HOANG D
57
048. PH TNG
58
049. TRUYN TIN TRN MNG
59
050. HNH VUNG CC I
60
051. ON XE QUA CU
61
052. S LNG
62
053. THM HIM LNG T
63
054. TH T T IN
64
055. DY LCH
65
056. RT GN DY S
66
057. BUN TIN
67
058. DY NGOC
68
059. THNG BM V PH NG
69
060. S THP PHN
70
061. DANH SCH VNG
71
062. TNH DIN TCH
72
063. THANG MY
73
064. TRNG S XU
74
065. PH MAY MN
75
066. TN HIU GIAO THNG
76
4
067. PHN NHM
77
068. TUA DU LCH R NHT
78
069. DU LCH NHIU TUA NHT
79
070. PHN CNG
80
071. NHN TIN
81
072. CC S IN THOI
82
073. GI TR LN NHT
83
074. NT GIAO THNG TRNG IM
84
075. TP KT
85
076. MI KHCH D TIC
86
077. KHI PHC NGOC
87
078. DY XCH
88
079. PHN CNG
89
080. DY CUNG
90
081. M CUNG
91
082. DU LCH KIU C
92
083. SA NG
93
084. I THI
94
085. MO KIU C
95
086. THNH PH TRN SAO HO
96
087. R BT XY NH
97
088. T DUY KIU C
98
089. 8-3, TNG HOA KIU C
99
5
090. M HO BURROWS WHEELER
100
091. BAO LI
101
092. GIAI THA
102
093. PH SNG
103
094. DY NGHCH TH
104
095. MUA HNG
105
096. XU CON CHUNG DI NHT
106
097. DY CON NGN NHT
107
098. BIN I DY S
108
099. GI TR NH NHT
109
100. NI DY
110
101. GHI A
111
102. NG I THOT M CUNG
112
103. CHU TRNH C BN
113
104. CT CY S
114
105. LCH SA CHA T
115
106. KHP V CU
116
107. HNG I VI U TIN
117
108. HI CH
118
109. SERIE A
119
110. S HIU V GI TR
120
111. PHP CO
121
112. CHA NGOC
122
6
123
114. MNG RT GN
124
115. DY NGOC
125
116. LP RP MY TNH
126
117. NG MT CHIU
127
118. PH
128
119. THP GCH
129
120. THU THU
130
121. PHN CNG
131
122. XU CON
132
123. LN SC SC
133
124. V S
134
125. GIAO LU
135
126. GIAO LU
136
127. I DIN
137
128. HI CH
138
129. LCH HC
139
130. M LIN HON
140
131. TUYN NHN CNG
141
132. NG TRN
142
133. ON 0
143
134. HC BNG
144
135. ON DNG
145
7
146
137. PH
147
138. DI CHUYN R-BT
148
139. TRM NGH
149
140. CHIA CN BNG
151
141. LN XC XC
152
142. CHUYN HNG
153
143. GHT NHAU NM ...
154
144. NI DY
155
145. MY LAST INVENTION
156
146. CY KHUNG NH NHT
158
147. MNG MY TNH
159
148. DY N IU TNG DI NHT
160
149. LUNG CC I TRN MNG
161
150. B GHP CC I
162
151. B GHP Y TRNG S CC TIU
163
152. TUYN NHN CNG
164
153. DN N
165
001. TNH TON SONG SONG

Biu thc l mt dy k t gm cc bin k hiu bng ch ci thng ting Anh: a..z, cc php
ton cng k hiu +, nhn k hiu * v cc du ngoc (,). c nh ngha nh sau:
i) Mi bin a,b,...,z l mt biu thc
ii) Nu X v Y l biu thc th (X+Y) v (X*Y) cng l biu thc .
iii) Nhng biu thc no khng xy dng c theo 2 nguyn tc trn khng l biu thc .
VD: Theo cch nh ngha trn th (a+(b+(c+d))) hoc ((a+b)+(c*d)) l cc biu thc .
Cho bit thi gian tnh php + l P, thi gian tnh php * l Q, ngi ta nh ngha thi gian tnh
ton mt biu thc nh sau:
Nu biu thc ch gm 1 bin (a..z) th thi gian tnh ton l 0
Nu X v Y l 2 biu thc ; thi gian tnh X l TX thi gian tnh Y l TY th thi gian tnh
(X+Y) l max(TX,TY)+P thi gian tnh (X*Y) l max(TX,TY)+Q
T 1 biu thc ngi ta c th bin i v mt biu thc tng ng bng cc lut:
Giao hon: (X+Y) (Y+X); (X*Y) (Y*X)
Kt hp: (X+(Y+Z)) ((X+Y)+Z); (X*(Y*Z)) ((X*Y)*Z)
Yu cu: Cho trc mt biu thc E di dng xu k t hy vit chng trnh:
1. Tm thi gian tnh ton biu thc E
2. Hy bin i biu thc E thnh biu thc E' tng ng vi n sao cho thi gian tnh E' l t
nht c th.
D liu vo c t trong file vn bn PO.INP nh sau:
Dng th nht ghi 2 s P, Q cch nhau 1 du cch (P,Q100)
Tip theo l mt s dng, mi dng ghi 1 biu thc .
Kt qu ra t trong file vn bn PO.OUT nh sau:
Vi mi biu thc E trong file PO.INP ghi ra file PO.OUT 3 dng
Dng th nht: Ghi thi gian tnh ton E
Dng th hai: Ghi biu thc E'
Dng th ba: Ghi thi gian tnh ton E'
Ch : cho gn, mi biu thc trong input/output file c th vit m khng cn n cp
du ngoc ngoi cng, d liu vo c coi l ng n v khng cn kim tra
V d:
PO.INP
1 1
a+(a+(a+(a+(a+(a+(a+a))))))
(((a+(b+(c+d)))*e)*f)
(((((a*b)*c)*d)+e)+(f*g))
PO.OUT
7
((a+a)+(a+a))+((a+a)+(a+a))
3
5
(e*f)*((a+b)+(c+d))
3
5
((a*b)*(c*d))+(e+(f*g))
3
002. BNG S
Cho mt bng hnh ch nht kch thc M x N vi M, N nguyn dng. M, N 50. Hnh ch nht
ny c chia thnh M x N vung bng nhau vi kch thc n v bi cc ng song song vi
cc cnh, trn vung [i, j] ghi s nguyn A[i, j] (2 A[i, j] 50).
T mng A ta lp mng B m B[i, j] c xy dng nh sau:
Biu din s A[i, j] thnh tng cc s nguyn t vi rng buc: trong biu din c nhiu nht ch
mt s nguyn t xut hin hai ln. Trong cc cch biu din, chn ra biu din nhiu hng t nht
th B[i, j] bng s s hng ca biu din ny k c bi (nu c).
V d:
Nu A[i, j] = 10 = 2 + 3 + 5 th B[i, j] = 3;
Nu A[i, j] = 12 = 2 + 2 + 3 + 5 th B[i, j] = 4;
Ch : Khng c biu din A[i, j] = 10 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 c B[i, j] = 5 v nh vy khng
tho mn rng buc
a) D liu vo c cho bi Text file TABLE.INP trong :
Dng u ghi hai s M, N
M dng sau, dng th i ghi N phn t trn dng i ca bng A: A[i, 1], A[i, 2], ..., A[i, N] hai
phn t lin tip cch nhau t nht mt du trng.
b) Kt qu ghi ra Text file TABLE.OUT

Gi tr bng B, mi dng ca bng ghi trn mt dng ca file, hai phn t lin tip cch nhau t nht
mt du trng.
c) Hy tm hnh ch nht ln nht c to bi cc mang gi tr bng nhau ca bng B. Ghi tip ra
file OUT.B1 mt dng gm 5 s l: din tch ln nht tm c, to trn tri v di phi ca
hnh ch nht c din tch ln nht .
10
003. CARGO
Bn mt kho hng hnh ch nht kch thc mxn c chia thnh cc vung n v (m hng, n
ct: cc hng nh s t trn xung di, cc ct nh s t tri qua phi). Trn cc ca bn c
mt s k hiu:
Cc k hiu # nh du cc c mt kin hng xp sn,
Mt k hiu *: nh du ang c mt xe Ny
Mt k hiu $: nh du cha kin hng cn xp
Mt k hiu @: nh du v tr m cn phi xp kin hng B vo
Cc k hiu du chm ".": Cho bit trng
Cn phi dng xe y * y kin hng $ n v tr @ sao cho trong qu trnh di chuyn
cng nh y hng, khng chm vo nhng kin hng c xp sn. (Xe y c th di
chuyn sang mt trong 4 chung cnh vi ang ng). Nu c nhiu phng n th ch ra mt
phng n sao cho xe y phi di chuyn qua t bc nht.
Cc hng di chuyn c ch ra trong hnh di y
# # # # # # # #
#
@
# # #
#
N
W
# # # # # *
$
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CARGO.INP

Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng m, n cch nhau mt du cch (m, n 80)
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n k hiu trn hng th i ca bn theo ng th t t tri
qua phi. Cc k hiu c ghi lin nhau
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CARGO.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s bc di chuyn xe Ny thc hin mc ch yu cu, nu khng c phng n
kh thi th dng ny ghi s -1
Dng 2: Nu c phng n kh thi th dng ny ghi cc k t lin nhau th hin hng di
chuyn ca xe Ny R (East, West, South, North). Cc ch ci thng (e,w,s,n) th hin bc di
chuyn khng Ny hng, cc ch ci in hoa (E,W,S,N) th hin bc di chuyn c Ny hng.
V d:
CARGO.INP
8 8
########
#.....@.
.....###
........
#.#####*
.$......
........
........
CARGO.OUT
23
sswwwwwwNNNwnEseNwnEEEE
CARGO.INP
5 9
@........
.##.###.#
......#..
.##$###.#
.*.......
CARGO.OUT
22
eeNNNssseeeennnnwwwWWW
11
004. DY CON
Cho mt dy gm n ( n 1000) s nguyn dng A1, A2, ..., An v s nguyn dng k (k 50).
Hy tm dy con gm nhiu phn t nht ca dy cho sao cho tng cc phn t ca dy con ny
chia ht cho k.
D liu vo: file vn bn DAY.INP
Dng u tin cha hai s n, k ghi cch nhau bi t nht 1 du trng.
Cc dng tip theo cha cc s A1, A2, ..., An c ghi theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt
du trng hoc xung dng (CR-LF).
Kt qu: ghi ra file vn bn DAY.OUT
Dng u tin ghi m l s phn t ca dy con tm c.
Cc dng tip theo ghi dy m ch s cc phn t ca dy cho c mt trong dy con tm c.

Cc ch s ghi cch nhau t nht mt du trng hoc mt du xung dng.
V d:
DAY.INP
10 3
2 3 5 7
9 6 12 7
11 15
DAY.OUT
9
1 3 2 4 5
6 7 10 8
12
005. XU FIBINACCI
Xt dy cc xu F1, F2, F3, ..., FN, ... trong :
F1 = 'A'
F2 = 'B'
FK+1 = FK + FK-1 (K 2).
V d:
F1 = 'A'
F2 = 'B'
F3 = 'BA'
F4 = 'BAB'
F5 = 'BABBA'
F6 = 'BABBABAB'
F7 = 'BABBABABBABBA'
F8 = 'BABBABABBABBABABBABAB'
F9 = 'BABBABABBABBABABBABABBABBABABBABBA'
Cho xu S di khng qu 25, ch bao gm cc k t 'A' v 'B'. Hy xc nh s ln xut hin xu
S trong xu FN, N 35. Ch : hai ln xut hin ca S trong FN khng nht thit phi l cc xu ri
nhau hon ton.
D liu: vo t file vn bn FIBISTR.INP, bao gm nhiu dng, mi dng c dng N S. Gia N v
S c ng 1 du cch. D liu vo l chuNn, khng cn kim tra.
Kt qu: a ra file vn bn FIBISTR.OUT, mi dng d liu ng vi mt dng kt qu ra
V d:
FIBISTR.INP
3 A
3 AB
8 BABBAB
FIBISTR.OUT
1
0
4
13
006. VNG S NGUYN T

Mt vng trn cha 2n vng trn nh (Xem hnh v). Cc vng trn nh c nh s t 1 n n
theo chiu kim ng h. Cn in cc s t nhin t 1 n 2n mi s vo mt vng trn nh sao cho
tng ca hai s trn hai vng trn nh lin tip l s nguyn t. S in vng trn nh 1 lun l s
1.
1
3
2
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CIRCLE.INP cha s nguyn dng n (1 < n < 10)

Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CIRCLE.OUT:
Dng u tin ghi s lng cc cch in s tm c (k).
Dng th i trong s k dng tip theo ghi cc s trong cc vng trn nh bt u t vng trn
nh 1 c theo th t ca cc vng trn nh
V d:
CIRCLE.INP
3
CIRCLE.OUT
2
1 4 3 2 5 6
1 6 5 2 3 4
CIRCLE.INP
4
CIRCLE.OUT
4
1 2 3 8 5 6
1 2 5 8 3 4
1 4 7 6 5 8
1 6 7 4 3 8
7
7
3
5
4
6
2
2
14
007. I BN
Trc kia Tun v Mai l hai bn cng lp cn by gi hai bn hc khc trng nhau. C mi sng,
ng 6 gi c hai u i t nh ti trng ca mnh theo con ng mt t thi gian nht (c th c
nhiu con ng i mt thi gian bng nhau v u t nht). Nhng hm nay, hai bn mun gp
nhau bn vic hp lp c nhn ngy 20-11.
Cho bit s giao thng ca thnh ph gm N nt giao thng c nh s t 1 n N v M tuyn
ng ph (mi ng ph ni 2 nt giao thng). V tr nh ca Mai v Tun cng nh trng ca
hai bn u nm cc nt giao thng. Cn xc nh xem Mai v Tun c cch no i tho mn yu
cu nu trn, ng thi h li c th gp nhau nt giao thng no trn con ng ti trng
hay khng ? (Ta ni Tun v Mai c th gp nhau ti mt nt giao thng no nu h n nt giao
thng ny ti cng mt thi im). Nu c nhiu phng n th hy ch ra phng n Mai v
Tun gp nhau sm nht.
D liu vo c t trong tp FRIEND.INP:
Dng u tin cha 2 s nguyn dng N, M (1 N 100);
Dng tip theo cha 4 s nguyn dng Ha, Sa, Hb, Sb ln lt l s hiu cc nt giao thng
tng ng vi: Nh Tun, trng ca Tun, nh Mai, trng ca Mai.
Dng th i trong s M dng tip theo cha 3 s nguyn dng A, B, T. Trong A & B l
hai u ca tuyn ng ph i. Cn T l thi gian (tnh bng giy 1000) cn thit Tun
(hoc Mai) i t A n B cng nh t B n A.
Gi thit l s giao thng trong thnh ph m bo c th i t mt nt giao thng bt k n
tt c cc nt cn li.
Kt qu : Ghi ra tp vn bn FRIEND.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c phng n gip cho hai bn gp nhau hay khng.
Trong trng hp c phng n:
Dng 2: Ghi thi gian t nht Tun ti trng
Dng 3: Ghi cc nt giao thng theo th t Tun i qua
Dng 4: Ghi thi gian t nht Mai ti trng
Dng 5: Ghi cc nt giao thng theo th t Mai i qua
Dng 6: Ghi s hiu nt giao thng m hai bn gp nhau
Dng 7: Thi gian sm nht tnh bng giy k t 6 gi sng m hai bn c th gp nhau.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d : Vi s giao thng sau: (N=6,M=7, Ha=1, Sa=6, Hb=2, Sb=5)
Dng
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
FRIEND.INP
6 7
1 6 2 5
1 3 10
1 4 10
2 3 5
3 4 5
3 6 15
4 5 20
4 6 15
FRIEND.OUT
YES
25
1 4 6
30
2 3 4 5
4
10
5
10
20
10
4
15
5
5
2
15
15
008. CA S VN BN
Xt vn bn T gm N k t (N 1000000, N khng cho trc) v vn bn P gm M k t (0 < M
100). Ca s di W l mt on vn bn gm W k t lin tip ca T (M < W 1000). Ni ca
s W cha mu P nu tn ti mt cch xo mt s k t lin tip ca W nhn c P.
Hai ca s ca T gi l khc nhau nu chng bt u t nhng v tr khc nhau trong T. Hy xc
nh s ca s khc nhau trong vn bn T cha P.
D liu:
File vn bn WINDOWP.INP
Dng u cha hai s nguyn W, M
Dng th hai cha M k t ca vn bn P;
File WINDOWT.TXT cha vn bn T
Kt qu:
a ra file WINDOW.OUT mt s nguyn xc nh s ca s tm c theo yu cu.
Lu : a s trng hp, file WINDOWT.TXT khng phi l Text file, c ngha l n cha cc k
t trong khong #0..#255 (file of Char). Nh vy tnh c CR(#13) v LF(#10)
V d:
WINDOWP.INP
4 2
is
WINDOWT.TXT
This is a sample text for the
first task on the contest
WINDOW.OUT
8
16
009. VNG TRN CON

Cho hai dy s nguyn a1, a2, ..., am v b1, b2, ..., bn (2 m, n 100)
Cc s ny c xp quanh hai vng trn A v B: cc s ai quanh vng trn A v cc s bj quanh
vng trn B. Vng trn C c gi vi cc s quanh n c1, c2, ..., cp c gi l vng trn con ca
A (hoc ca B) nu tn ti mt cch xo bt cc s ca A (hoc ca B) c vng trn C. Hy
tm vng trn C l vng trn con ca c A v B vi s phn t (p) ln nht c th.
Ch : Cc s trn 3 vng trn A, B, C c xp theo ng th t trong dy theo cng mt chiu
kim ng h.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CIRCLE.INP
Dng u cha hai s nguyn m, n cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s ai
n dng tip theo, dng th j ghi s bj

Kt qu: a ra file vn bn CIRCLE.OUT
Dng u ghi s nguyn p
p dng sau, dng th k ghi s ck.

V d:
CIRCLE.INP
8 7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
4
6
8
1
2
3
CIRCLE.OUT
6
4
6
8
1
2
3
1
2
2
8
4
3
3
7
6
2
8
1
17
010. B TR PHNG HP
C n cuc hp nh s t 1 n n ng k lm vic ti mt phng hi tho. Cuc hp i cn c bt
u ngay sau thi im si v kt thc ti thi im fi. Hi c th b tr phng hi tho phc v c
nhiu nht bao nhiu cuc hp, sao cho khong thi gian lm vic ca hai cuc hp bt k l khng
giao nhau.
D liu vo t file vn bn ACTIVITY.INP
Dng u tin cha s nguyn dng n ( n 10000)
Dng th i trong s n dng tip theo cha hai s nguyn dng si, fi (si < fi 32000) (i: 1 i
n).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file ACTIVITY.OUT
Dng u tin ghi s K l s cc cuc hp c chp nhn phc v
K dng tip theo lit k s hiu cc cuc hp c chp nhn theo th t t cuc hp u tin
ti cuc hp cui cng , mi dng ghi s hiu mt cuc hp.
V d:
0
10
11
12
2
5
ACTIVITY.INP
5
7 9
2 4
1 3
1 6
3 7
ACTIVITY.OUT
3
3
5
1
18
011. MUA V TU HO
Tuyn ng st t thnh ph A n thnh ph B i qua mt s nh ga. Tuyn ng c th biu
din bi mt on thng, cc nh ga l cc im trn . Tuyn ng bt u t A v kt thc B,
v th cc nh ga s c nh s bt u t A (c s hiu l 1) v B l nh ga cui cng.
Gi v i li gia hai nh ga ch ph thuc vo khong cch gia chng. Cch tnh gi v c cho
trong bng sau y:
Khong cch gia hai nh ga (X)
0 < X L1
L1 < X L2
L2 < X L3
Gi v
C1
C2
C3
V i thng t nh ga ny n nh ga khc ch c th t mua nu khong cch gia chng

khng vt qu L3. V th nhiu khi i t nh ga ny n nh ga khc ta phi t mua mt s v.
Hn th na, nhn vin ng st yu cu hnh khch ch c gi ng mt v khi i trn tu v
v s b hu khi hnh khch xung tu.
V d, trn tuyn ng st cho nh sau:
1
L1 = 3
B
L2 = 6
L3 = 8
i t ga 2 n ga 6 khng th mua v i thng. C nhiu cch mua v i t ga 2 n ga 6:

Chng hn t mua v t ga 2 n ga 3 mt chi ph C2 sau mua v t ga 3 n ga 6 mt chi ph
C3, v chi ph tng cng khi i theo cch ny l C2 + C3. Hoc mua v t ga 2 n ga 4 mt chi ph
C2, sau mua v t ga 4 n ga 5 mt chi ph C2 v mua v t ga 5 n ga 6 mt chi ph C1, nh
vy chi ph tng cng l 2C2 + C1. Lu rng mc d khong cch gia ga 2 v ga 6 bng 12 = 2 L2
nhng khng c php mua 2 v vi gi C2 i thng t ga 2 n ga 6.
Yu cu: Tm cch t mua v i li gia hai nh ga cho trc vi chi ph mua v l nh nht.
D liu vo t file vn bn RTICKET.INP
Dng u tin ghi cc s nguyn L1, L2, L3, C1, C2, C3 (1 L1 < L2 < L3 109; 1 C1 < C2 < C3
109) theo ng th t lit k trn.
Dng th hai cha s lng nh ga N ( 2 N 10000).
Dng th ba ghi hai s nguyn s, f l cc ch s ca hai nh ga cn tm cch t mua v vi chi
ph nh nht i li gia chng.
Dng th i trong s N - 1 dng tip theo ghi s nguyn l khong cch t nh ga A (ga 1) n
nh ga th i + 1. Chi ph t nht t nh ga u tin A n nh ga cui cng B khng vt qu
109.
Kt qu ghi ra file vn bn RTICKET.OUT chi ph nh nht tm c.
V d:
RTICKET.INP
3 6 8 20 30 40
RTICKET.OUT
70
19
7
2 6
3
7
8
13
15
23
20
012. XIN CH K
Gim c mt cng ty trch nhim hu hn mun xin ch k ca ng Kin trc s trng thnh
ph ph duyt d n xy dng tr s lm vic ca cng ty. ng kin trc s trng ch k vo giy
php khi b th k ca ng ta k duyt vo giy php. B th k lm vic ti tng th M ca to
nh tr s lm vic gm M tng ca Vn phng Kin trc s trng thnh ph. Cc tng ca to
nh c nh s t 1 n M, t thp n cao. Mi tng ca to nh c N phng c nh s t 1
n N t tri qua phi. Trong mi phng ch c mt nhn vin lm vic. Giy php ch c b th
k k duyt khi c t nht mt nhn vin tng M k xc nhn. Ngoi b th k, mt nhn
vin bt k ch k xc nhn vo giy php khi c t nht mt trong cc iu kin sau c tho mn:
a) Nhn vin lm vic tng 1
b) Giy php c k xc nhn bi nhn vin lm vic cng s phng trong tng st di
c) Giy php c k xc nhn bi nhn vin lm vic cng s phng trong tng st trn
d) Giy php c k xc nhn bi nhn vin lm vic phng bn cnh
Mi mt nhn vin (k c b th k) khi k xc nhn u i mt khon l ph. Hy ch ra cch xin
c ch k ca Kin trc s trng i hi tng l ph phi tr l nh nht (gi thit rng ring
ch k ca Kin trc s trng khng mt l ph).
D liu vo t file vn bn SIGN.INP
Dng u tin cha ba s M, N, P (1 M 50; 1 N 100; 1 P N) y P l s phng b

th k.
Dng th i trong s M dng tip theo cha N s nguyn dng theo th t l l ph phi tr cho
cc nhn vin cc phng 1, 2, ..., N trn tng i. Cc s ny khng vt qu 109 v gi thit
rng tng chi ph cn tr cng khng vt qu 109.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SIGN.OUT

Dng u tin ghi 2 s F, K theo th t l chi ph cn tr v s lng phng cn i qua.
K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s tng v s phng ca mt phng theo th t cn i qua.
(Cc s trn 1 dng ca input/output file cch nhau t nht 1 du trng)
V d:
SIGN.INP
3 4 4
10 10 1 10
2 2 2 10
1 10 10 1
SIGN.OUT
9 6
1 3
2 3
2 2
2 1
3 1
3 4
21
013. LC NM KIM CNG

Lc l mt trang sc rt c cc c gi a chung. Chnh v vy m chng phi c ch to
tht p v a dng. Xt vic ch to lc c m mt xch, mi mt c np mt vin kim cng. C
n loi vin kim cng khc nhau, n 7; 2 m 27-n + 19.
Hai lc c gi l khc nhau nu ta khng th tm cch t sao cho cc mt tng ng c kim
cng cng loi. Lu rng lc c hnh vng.
Vi m v n cho trc, hy xc nh xem c th tn ti bao nhiu loi lc khc nhau.
Cc loi kim cng c k hiu l A, B, C, ... Mt cu hnh lc c xc nh bi mt xu m k
t A, B, C, ... v bt u bng k t nh nht.
Cho s th t l, hy xc nh cu hnh tng ng (Cc cu hnh c sp xp theo th t t in).
D liu: Vo t file BRASLET.INP c dng
mn
l1
l2
...
Kt qu: a ra file BRASLET.OUT
K - S lng lc khc nhau
s1
s2
... (si xc nh cu hnh lc tng ng vi li)
V d:
BRASLET.INP
4 3
2
21
BRASLET.OUT
21
AAAB
CCCC
22
014. RI SI
Xt tr chi ri si vi mt ngi chi nh sau: Cho cy T v mt ng si gm K vin
mi bc ngi ta ly 1 vin si t ng si v t vo mt nt l tu chn
Nu nt p c r nt l v tt c v tt c cc nt l u c si th ngi ta gom tt c cc vin si l
li, t 1 vin nt p, xo cc nt l ca n v hon tr r - 1 vin si cn li vo ng si.
Tr chi kt thc khi t c 1 vin si vo nt gc
Nhim v t ra l theo cu trc ca cy T, xc nh s vin si ti thiu ban u tr chi c th
kt thc bnh thng. Cy c n nt ( N 400), nt gc c nh s l 1.
D liu: vo t file vn bn STONE.INP
Dng u: s n
Dng th i trong s n dng tip theo c dng: i m i1 i2 ... im. Trong m l s nt con ca nt i;
i1, i2, ..., im: Cc nt con ca nt i.
Kt qu: a ra file STONE.OUT s lng vin si ti thiu cn thit
V d
STONE.INP
7
1 2 2 3
2 2 5 4
3 2 6 7
STONE.OUT
3
23
015. IP VIN
a bn hot ng ca mt ip vin l mt khu ph m ch c cc ng ph ngang, dc to
thnh mt li vung. Vi mc ch bo mt, thay v tn ng ph, ip vin nh s cc ph
ngang t 0 n m v cc ph dc t 0 n n. mt s ng ba hoc ng t c cc trm kim sot.
Anh ta ang ng nt giao ca hai ng (i1, j1) (j1 - ng ngang; i1 - ng dc) v cn ti
im hn giao ca hai ng (i2, j2). trnh b theo di, ng i phi khng qua cc trm
kim sot v c ti ch r th nht thit phi i hng i, thm ch c th sang ng v i ngc
tr li. Vic i hng ch c thc hin ng ba hoc ng t. Hy xc nh ng i ngn nht
ti im hn hoc cho bit khng c ng i p ng c yu cu nu.
D liu: vo t file SPY.INP
Dng u: m n i1 j1 i2 j2 ( 0 m, n 100)
Cc dng sau: mi dng 2 s i, j (to trm kim sot).
Kt qu: a ra file SPY.OUT
Dng u: di ng i ngn nht hoc thng bo NO nu khng c ng i.
Cc dng sau: mi dng 2 s i, j ch nt tip theo cn ti theo ng i tm c, bt u l i1 j1 v
kt thc l i2 j2.
V d:
SPY.INP
4 5 0 0 5 4
0 1
0 4
2 2
2 3
4 0
5 2
5 3
-1
SPY.OUT
13
0 0
1 0
1 1
1 0
2 0
2 1
3 1
3 2
4 2
4 3
3 3
4 3
4 4
5 4
24
016. KHONG CCH GIA HAI XU

Cho hai xu k t S1 v S2, mi xu c di khng qu 100 k t. Cho php thc hin cc php
bin i sau y i vi xu k t:
1. Thay th mt k t no bi k t khc
2. i ch hai k t lin nhau
3. Chn mt k t vo sau v tr no
4. Xo bt 1 k t
Ta gi khong cch gia hai xu S1 v S2 l s t nht cc php bin i nu trn cn p dng i
vi xu S1 bin n thnh xu S2.
Yu cu: Tnh khong cch gia 2 xu S1, S2 cho trc v ch ra th t cc php bin i.
V d: Gi s S1 = 'Barney'; S2 = 'brawny'. Khong cch gia 2 xu l 4. Dy cc php bin i
cn thc hin l:
1. Thay k t 1 ca S1 (B) bi b
2. i ch k t th 2 (a) v th 3 (r) ca S1.
3. Chn k t w vo S1 sau k t th 3.
4. Xo k t th 5 ca S1.
Dy cc php bin i c th m t nh sau:
'Barney' 'barney' 'braney' 'brawney' 'brawny'
D liu: vo t file vn bn STREDIT.INP c cu trc nh sau:
Dng u tin cha xu S1
Dng th hai cha xu S2
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STREDIT.OUT
Dng u tin ghi s lng cc php bin i cn s dng K
Mi dng i trong s K dng tip theo m t php bin i c s dng ln th i gm cc
tham s sau: cc tham s ghi trn 1 dng ghi cch nhau 1 du cch.
1, P, C (nu l php thay k t ti v tr P bng k t C)
2, I, I + 1 (nu l php i ch 2 k t th I v th I + 1)
3, P, C (nu l php chn k t C vo sau v tr P)
4, P (nu l php xo k t th P)
V d:
STREDIT.INP
Barney
brawny
STREDIT.OUT
4
1 1 b
2 2 3
3 3 w
4 5
25
017. XP LI BNG S
Cho mt bng vung gm m hng v n ct. Cc c nh ch s theo (hng, ct) t (0, 0) n
(m - 1, n - 1). Trn m x n ngi ta vit cc s t nhin t 0 n m x n - 1 theo mt th t tu .
Cho php i ch hai s t trong hai th m giao chn. Cn tm cch i ch cc s sao cho thu
c bng c tnh cht: S (i, j) l n x i + j.
D liu vo t file vn bn BOARD.INP: cc s ghi trn 1 dng cch nhau t nht 1 du trng.
Dng u ghi 2 s m, n (5 m, n 80)
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s t nhin theo ng th t cc s ghi trn hng i ca
bng.
Kt qu a ra file BOARD.OUT
Dng th i cha 4 s X1, Y1, X2, Y2 cho bit ti bc th i cn i ch 2 s ti hai (X1,
Y1) v (X2, Y2)
V d: (n = m = 8)
Bng ban u
0
1
2
0 10 1
2
1 8
9
0
2 11 17 18
3 24 25 26
4 32 33 34
5 40 41 55
6 48 49 50
7
56
57
58
3
3
16
19
27
35
43
51
4
4
12
20
28
36
44
52
5
5
13
21
29
37
45
53
6
6
14
22
30
38
46
54
7
7
15
23
31
39
47
42
59
60
61
62
63
Bng cn to
0
1
0
0
1
1
8
9
2
16 17
3
24 25
4
32 33
5
40 41
6
48 49
7
56
57
2
2
10
18
26
34
42
50
3
3
11
19
27
35
43
51
4
4
12
20
28
36
44
52
5
5
13
21
29
37
45
53
6
6
14
22
30
38
46
54
7
7
15
23
31
39
47
55
58
59
60
61
62
63
Input/Output File:
BOARD.INP
8 8
10 1 2 3
8 9 0 16
11 17 18 19
24 25 26 27
32 33 34 35
40 41 55 43
48 49 50 51
56 57 58 59
4
12
20
28
36
44
52
60
5
13
21
29
37
45
53
61
6
14
22
30
38
46
54
62
7
15
23
31
39
47
42
63
BOARD.OUT
1 2 0 0
2 0 3 2
3 2 1 3
3 2 2 0
6 7 7 5
7 5 6 3
6 3 7 1
7 1 5 2
7 1 6 3
6 3 7 5
7 5 6 7
26
018. THM KHU TRIN LM

Mt khu trin lm ngh thut c mxn phng c b tr trong mt hnh ch nht kch thc mxn
(2m,n 20). Mi phng biu din bi mt v u c ca thng vi cc phng chung cnh vi n.
Vi mi mt phng, ta nh ch s theo to (x, y) ca (1 hng xm; 1ct yn) v gn cho
n mt ch ci in hoa ('A'..'Z') th hin loi ngh thut trng by ti phng . C th vo khu trin
lm cc phng c to (x bt k, y = 1) v c th i ra cc phng c to (x bt k, y = n)
V d vi m=10 v n=11:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11
1
F
F
F
F
F
B
B
B
B
B
B
2
D
C
C
F
F
A
A
A
A
A
B
3
A
F
F
F
A
A
C
F
C
A
B
4
B
F
E
F
D
A
B
B
B
B
B
5
F
F
D
E
B
A
A
A
A
A
B
6
E
E
D
E
E
E
E
E
A
B
B
7
D
D
D
E
E
E
E
E
A
B
A
8
D
C
C
F
F
F
C
C
B
A
A
9
D
C
C
F
F
F
C
C
A
A
A
10
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Mt v th tng i thm trin lm c s thch c bit vi mt loi ngh thut. Yu cu ca ng ta
"rt n gin" l khng nht thit phi i thm tt c cc phng cha loi ngh thut m ng ta thch
nhng khng c i qua cc phng cha loi ngh thut khc.
V d: i thm loi ngh thut B, Th tng c th i:
(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,6), (3,6), (4,6), (4,7), (4,8), (4,9), (4,10), (5,10), (6,10),
(6,11).
Nhng khng phi lun tn ti ng i nh vy, v d : nu Th tng mun i thm loi
ngh thut A th khng th tm c mt ng i (Bi ct 6 ca bng khng c mt ch A
no).
c ng i ca v th tng i thm loi ngh thut A th nhng ngi qun l trin lm phi
tm cch i loi ngh thut ti hai phng no . Trong v d ny th c ng i chng ta c
th i loi ngh thut B phng (5,6) cho loi ngh thut A phng (3,1) hoc phng (3,7), (3,8),
...
Trong nhng cch i , ngi ta thng quan tm n vic phi i sao cho tng s phng phi
i l t nht c th c. Trong nhng cch i vi s cp phng phi i t nht hy ch ra cch
i m con ng th tng phi i l ngn nht c th c. C th c nhiu nghim th ch cn
ch ra mt nghim.
D liu vo t file vn bn TL.INP bao gm:
Dng u tin ghi s m, n
Dng th hai ghi mt ch ci in hoa th hin loi ngh thut th tng mun thm.
m dng tip theo, dng th i l mt xu k t di n biu din cc loi ngh thut trong cc
phng trn hng i theo ng th t t ct 1 n ct n.
Kt qu cho ra file vn bn TL.OUT bao gm:
Dng u tin l s cp phng cn i (p).
p dng tip theo mi dng gm 4 s a, b, c, d c ngha l ta cn i loi ngh thut ti phng
(a,b) cho phng (c,d).
Dng tip theo ghi s phng trn con ng i ngn nht tm c (q).
q dng tip theo, mi dng ghi to x,y th hin cho con ng ngn nht theo ng th t
phng i qua.
Nu khng tn ti phng n i phng c ng i th ghi vo file TL.OUT mt dng:
NO SOLUTION
V d: Vi khu trin lm nh trn:
27
TL.INP
10 11
B
BBBBBBFFFFF
AAAAABDCCFF
AFFFABAACFC
BFEFABBBBBD
FFDEABAAABA
EEDEEEEEABB
DDDEEEEEAAB
DCCFFFCCABA
DCCFFFCCAAA
CCCCCCCCCCC
TL.OUT
0
16
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
2 6
3 6
4 6
4 7
4 8
4 9
4 10
5 10
6 10
6 11
TL.INP
10 11
A
BBBBBBFFFFF
AAAAABDCCFF
AFFFABAACFC
BFEFABBBBBD
FFDEABAAABA
EEDEEEEEABB
DDDEEEEEAAB
DCCFFFCCABA
DCCFFFCCAAA
CCCCCCCCCCC
TL.OUT
1
5 6 3 1
18
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
3 5
4 5
5 5
5 6
5 7
5 8
5 9
6 9
7 9
8 9
9 9
9 10
9 11
28
019. D MN
Cho mt bi mn kch thc mxn vung, trn mt c th c cha mt qu mn hoc khng,
biu din bn mn , ngi ta c hai cch:
Cch 1: dng bn nh du: s dng mt li vung kch thc mxn, trn ti (i, j) ghi
s 1 nu c mn, ghi s 0 nu khng c mn
Cch 2: dng bn mt : s dng mt li vung kch thc mxn, trn ti (i, j) ghi
mt s trong khong t 0 n 8 cho bit tng s mn trong cc ln cn vi (i, j) ( ln cn
vi (i, j) l c chung vi (i, j) t nht 1 nh).
Gi thit rng hai bn c ghi chnh xc theo tnh trng mn trn hin trng.
V d: Bn nh du v bn mt tng ng: (m = n = 10)
Bn
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
nh du
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
Bn
1
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
0
3
3
4
4
3
5
3
5
3
2
mt
1
3
4
6
6
6
3
4
1
1
2
4
5
6
5
3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
3
5
4
5
5
4
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
5
4
3
1
2
2
2
4
5
5
7
5
4
2
2
3
2
3
3
4
5
3
3
2
2
5
4
5
5
4
6
3
2
2
2
3
3
1
3
2
3
2
1
V nguyn tc, lc ci bi mn phi v c bn nh du v bn mt , tuy nhin sau mt thi

gian di, khi ngi ta mun g mn ra khi bi th vn ht sc kh khn bi bn nh du
b tht lc !!. Cng vic ca cc lp trnh vin l: T bn mt , hy ti to li bn nh
du ca bi mn.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MINE.INP, cc s trn 1 dng cch nhau t nht 1 du cch
Dng 1: Ghi 2 s nguyn dng m, n (2 m, n 80)
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s trn hng i ca bn mt theo ng th t t tri qua
phi.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MINE.OUT, cc s trn 1 dng ghi cch nhau t nht 1 du cch
Dng 1: Ghi tng s lng mn trong bi
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s trn hng i ca bn nh du theo ng th t t tri
qua phi.
V d:
MINE.INP
10 15
0 3 2 3 3
1 4 3 5 5
1 4 3 5 4
1 4 2 4 4
1 3 2 5 4
2 3 2 3 3
2 3 2 4 3
2 6 4 5 2
4 6 5 7 3
2 4 4 4 2
3
4
3
5
4
5
3
4
5
3
5
5
5
4
2
3
2
1
3
1
3
4
4
2
2
2
3
3
5
2
4
7
4
4
3
4
4
3
5
2
4
7
4
4
2
4
6
5
6
2
5
7
4
3
3
3
6
5
5
3
4
5
3
2
3
4
5
5
4
3
4
6
4
3
2
2
3
6
4
3
4
6
5
5
5
4
3
4
4
4
3
5
5
4
2
1
1
3
3
2
MINE.OUT
80
1 0 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
29
020. XP LI DY S
Cho dy A = (a1, a2, ..., an) l dy cc s nguyn dng i mt khc nhau.
Hy lit k tt c cc cch hon v phn t ca dy A tho mn: gia hai gi tr M v N bt k trong
hon v , khng tn ti gi tr P no : 2P = M + N.
V d: Vi dy A l (11, 22, 33, 44) th
Hon v (11, 44, 33, 22) l tho mn iu kin trn
Hon v (11, 44, 22, 33) khng tho mn v c gi tr P = 22 nm gia hai gi tr M = 11 v N = 33
m: 22 * 2 = 11 + 33.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SORT.INP. Cc s trn 1 dng cch nhau t nht 1 du trng
Dng 1: Ghi s n (2 n 11)
Dng 2: Ghi gi tr n phn t ca dy A (1 ai 100).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SORT.OUT. Cc s trn 1 dng cch nhau t nht 1 du trng
Dng cui cng ghi s lng hon v tm c (K)
K dng trc dng cui cng, mi dng ghi 1 hon v tm c
V d:
SORT.INP
4
11 22 33 44
SORT.OUT
11 33 22
11 33 44
22 11 44
22 44 11
22 44 33
33 11 22
33 11 44
33 44 11
44 22 11
44 22 33
10
44
22
33
33
11
44
22
22
33
11
30
021. CO DY BT PHN
Cho mt bng A kch thc 8x8; Cc dng v cc ct c nh s t 0 n 7. Trn mi ca bng
cha mt s nguyn trong khong t 0 n 7.
Cho dy X = (x1, x2, ..., xn), c cc phn t xi N; 0 xi 7. (2 n 200).
Vi i: 1 i < n. Php co R(i) thc hin trn dy X: Xo hai phn t xi v xi+1 v thay vo
gi tr nm trn hng xi, ct xi+1 ca bng A, sau dy X c nh ch s li t tri qua
phi bt u t 1.
V d:
A
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
5
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
7
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
V d: Vi bng A nh trn v dy X = (0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2) nu ta thc hin php
co R(3) th ta s c dy (0, 1, 1, 1, 2). Nu thc hin tip R(4) th ta s
c dy (0, 1, 1, 3). Thc hin tip R(2) th s c dy (0, 2, 3). Thc hin
tip R(1) th s cn (2, 3) v thc hin R(1) mt ln na s c (1).
Yu cu: cho trc mt gi tr V (0 V 7), hy tm mt th t thc hin n - 1 php co trn dy

X gi tr cn li cui cng l V. Nu c nhiu phng n th ch cn cho bit mt.
D liu vo t file vn bn OCT.INP
8 dng u tin, dng th i ghi 8 s trn hng th i - 1 ca bng A theo ng th t t tri qua
phi
Dng th 9 ghi s n
Dng th 10 ghi n s: x1, x2, ..., xn theo ng th t.
Dng th 11 ghi gi tr V.
Kt qu ghi ra file vn bn OCT.INP, ch gm 1 dng, trn :
Ghi s 0 nu khng tn ti phng n s dng n - 1 php co cho gi tr V. Hoc ghi (theo
ng th t thc hin) n - 1 v tr ca cc php co trn dy X cho gi tr V.
Ch : Cc s trn 1 dng ca Input/Output File ghi cch nhau t nht 1 du cch.
V d:
OCT.INP
5 7 2 1
0 6 0 0
0 4 5 1
2 5 6 5
2 7 1 3
2 5 2 4
6 3 5 6
0 6 0 1
15
5 2 3 0
6
7
1
3
5
7
6
7
3
1
3
6
3
3
0
6
3
4
1
6
2
5
4
0
4
0
6
1
5
1
5
2
4
OCT.OUT
13 13 10 10 10 9 7 7 6 5 3 3 2 1
1 6 1 0 4 2 4 3 2 4 4
31
022. TUYN BAY

C N thnh ph v M ng hng khng hai chiu gia mt s cp thnh ph no , cc ng
bay c qun l bi 16 hng hng khng. Cc thnh ph c nh s t 1 ti N (N 100) v cc
hng c nh s t 1 ti 16.
c bit chi ph bay trc tip gia hai thnh ph i, j bt k (nu nh c ng bay ) l C. Nu
ang i my bay ca mt hng n sn bay no ri chuyn sang my bay ca hng khc th s
phi mt thm mt khon ph ph A.
Yu cu: Cho trc hai thnh ph S v F, hy tm hnh trnh bay t thnh ph S n thnh ph
F vi chi ph t nht. Vi gi thit rng lun lun tn ti cch bay t S ti F.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn AIRLINES.INP. Trong :
Dng 1 ghi su s nguyn dng N, M, C, A, S, F. (1 A, C 100)
M dng tip theo, mi dng c dng u v k1 k2 ... cho bit rng gia thnh ph u v thnh ph v
c ng bay v k1, k2, ... l s hiu cc hng s hu ng bay
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn AIRLINES.OUT. Trong :
Dng 1: Ghi chi ph ti thiu phi tr
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt b ba i, j, k. Th hin ti bc s bay t thnh ph i
n thnh ph j bi my bay ca hng k. Th t cc dng phi theo ng th t bay trong hnh
trnh.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d: Vi mng li ng khng nh di y: cn i t thnh ph 1 n thnh ph 5. Chi ph
ng bay trc tip gia hai thnh ph bt k C = 3, ph ph chuyn tuyn A = 2. Cc s ghi bn
cnh cc ng bay trc tip l tn cc hng s hu ng bay .
AIRLINES.INP
15 16 3 2 1 5
1 2
1
2 3
1
3 4
1 2
3 9
2
4 9
1
5 10
1 3
6 7
1
6 11
1
7 8
1
7 13
2
8 9
1
10 15
3
11 12
1
12 13
1
13 14
1 3
14 15
1 3
AIRLINES.OUT
37
1 2 1
2 3 1
3 4 1
4 9 1
9 8 1
8 7 1
7 13 2
13 14 3
14 15 3
15 10 3
10 5 3
1&2
1
7
1
8
10
1
11
1&3
2
6
12
3
13
1&3
14
1&3
15
32
023. M PHNG CC PHP TON

Cho hai s nguyn dng a v b (1 b a < 101000), hy tnh a + b, a - b, a * b, a div b, a mod b.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn OPT.INP
Dng 1: Cha s a
Dng 2: Cha s b
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn OPT.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi gi tr a + b
Dng 2: Ghi gi tr a - b
Dng 3: Ghi gi tr a * b
Dng 4: Ghi gi tr a div b
Dng 5: Ghi gi tr a mod b
V d:
OPT.INP
56
50
OPT.OUT
106
6
2800
1
6
OPT.INP
987111
67890
OPT.OUT
1055001
919221
67014965790
14
36651
33
024. DY CON CA DY NH PHN

Xt dy B0, B1, B2, ..., Bn l cc dy cc xu nh phn, c xy dng nh sau:
B0 = '1'
Vi i: (i 1) th Bi l ghp ca Bi-1 vi (Bi-1). Trong (S) l xu c to thnh t xu S
bng cch o tt c cc s 1 thnh 0 v s 0 thnh 1
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
1
10
1001
10010110
1001011001101001
10010110011010010110100110010110
1001011001101001011010011001011001101001100101101001011001101001
...
Yu cu: Cho trc s nguyn dng n 30 v mt s k 2n. hy cho bit k t th k ca Bn l k
t 0 hay 1.
34
025. TNG CC CH S
Cho trc hai s nguyn dng n v k (n 20, k 30).
Yu cu 1: Hy cho bit c bao nhiu s c n ch s m tng cc ch s ng bng k
Yu cu 2: Cho s nguyn dng p, hi nu em cc s tm c sp xp theo th t tng dn th
s th p l s no. (p khng ln hn s lng cc s tm c)
D liu: Vo t file vn bn DIGITSUM.INP gm 1 dng cha ba s n, k, p theo ng th t cch
nhau 1 du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DIGITSUM.OUT gm 2 dng
Dng 1: Ghi s lng cc s tm c trong yu cu 1
Dng 2: Ghi s th p trong yu cu 2 tm c
V d:
DIGITSUM.INP
3 8 10
DIGITSUM.OUT
45
107
35
026. NG I NHIU IM NHT

Cho mt bng A kch thc m x n (1 m, n 100), trn ghi cc s nguyn aij (aij 100). Mt
ngi xut pht ti no ca ct 1, cn sang ct n (ti no cng c).
Quy tc i: T (i, j) ch c quyn sang mt trong 3 (i, j + 1); (i - 1, j + 1); (i + 1, j + 1). Xem
hnh v:
1
7
1
4
2
6
2
7
6
5
3
8
7
6
4
7
9
7
2
6
Yu cu: Hy tm v tr xut pht v mt hnh trnh i t ct 1 sang ct n sao cho tng cc s

ghi trn ng i l ln nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MAX.INP. Trong :
Dng 1: Ghi hai s m, n l s hng v s ct ca bng.
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s trn hng i ca bng theo ng th t t tri qua phi.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MAX.OUT. Trong :
Dng 1: Ghi s im ti a c c
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi ch s hng ca th i trong hnh trnh.
Cc s trn 1 dng trong Input/ Output file cch nhau t nht 1 du cch
V d:
1
2
3
4
5
1
9
0
8
1
7
2
-2
-1
-2
-1
-2
MAX.INP
5 7
9 -2 6 2
0 -1 6 7
8 -2 8 2
1 -1 6 2
7 -2 6 2
3
6
6
8
6
6
1
1
5
1
1
3
3
3
6
3
4
2
7
2
2
2
4
3
2
1
7
5
1
1
5
1
1
6
3
3
3
6
3
7
4
3
2
1
7
MAX.OUT
41
1
2
3
2
3
4
5
36
027. K HOCH THU NHN CNG

Gim c iu hnh ca mt Cng ty tin hc cn xc nh s lng nhn cng cn s dng trong
mi thng thc hin mt d n pht trin tin hc. ng gim c nm c s lng nhn cng
ti thiu cn cho mi thng. Mi ln thu hoc sa thi mt nhn cng lun mt thm mt khon chi
ph. Mi khi mt th no c thu, anh ta lun nhn c tin lng ngay c khi khng lm
vic. Gim c nm c chi ph thu mt nhn cng mi, chi ph sa thi mt nhn cng, lng
thng ca mt nhn cng. Vn t ra cho gim c l phi xc nh s lng nhn cng cn thu
hay sa thi trong mi thng cho chi ph thc hin d n l ti thiu.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn PROJECT.INP.
Dng u tin ghi thi gian thc hin d n n (n v tnh: thng, n 12)
Dng th hai cha ba s nguyn dng theo th t l chi ph thu mt nhn cng mi, lng
thng ca mt nhn cng, chi ph sa thi mt nhn cng.
Dng cui cng ghi n s nguyn dng d1, d2, ..., dn, trong di l s lng nhn cng cn s
dng trong thng i.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PROJECT.OUT
Dng u tin ghi chi ph ti thiu tm c

Mi dng th i trong s n dng tip theo ghi s si. c hiu l:
Nu si > 0 th n l s lng nhn cng cn thu thm thng i.
Nu si < 0 th si l s lng nhn cng cn sa thi thng i
Nu si = 0 th khng c bin ng nhn s trong thng i ca d n
V d:
PROJECT.INP
3
4 5 6
10 9 11
PROJECT.OUT
199
10
0
1
37
028. DY CC HNH CH NHT

Gi s ABCD l mt hnh ch nht trn mt phng to c cc nh:
A (0, 0); B(0, 1); C(K, 1) v D(K, 0).
Ta xem hnh ny l hnh c s hiu 1.
Hnh c s hiu 2 xy dng trn cnh Bc ca hnh 1 v cnh kia gp K ln. Hnh c s hiu 3 xy
dng trn cnh ty ca hnh ch nht hp cc hnh 1 v 2 v cnh kia gp K ln. Hnh c s hiu 4
xy dng trn cnh nam ca hp cc hnh 1,2,3 v cnh kia gp K ln. Hnh c s hiu 5 xy dng
trn cnh ng ca hp cc hnh 1,2,3,4 v cnh kia gp K ln. Tng t quy lut vi cc hnh
mang th t 6,7...
Bi ton t ra l cho trc 3 s thc K,X,Y, hy cho bit s hiu nh nht ca hnh ch nht cha
im c to (X,Y)
D liu: Vo t bi file vn bn REC.INP gm 1 s dng.
Mi dng gm 3 s K,X,Y vi ngha nu trn.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn REC.OUT nh sau:
Vi mi dng ca file d liu ghi trn 1 dng s hiu ca im cho:
Ch : K, X, Y c th c ti 100 ch s.
V d:
REC.INP
3 0 1
2 7 -2
4 1 17
REC.OUT
1
5
2
E
S
38
029. SN CT
Trn mt nn phng c chia thnh cc li vung n v gm mxn (m, n 100), ngi ta
t chng kht ln nhau cc khi lp phng n v thnh nhng ct. Khi di cng ca ct chim
trn mt ca li. Chiu cao ca mi ct c tnh bng s khi lp phng n v to thnh ct
. Sau khi xp xong ton b cc ct, ngi ta tin hnh sn cc mt nhn thy c ca cc ct.
Yu cu: Bit chiu cao ca mi ct, hy tnh s n v din tch cn sn.
D liu vo t trong file vn bn PAINT.INP. Trong :
Dng u tin ghi hai s nguyn dng m, n l kch thc ca li nn (m hng, n ct)
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s nguyn khng m, s nguyn th j biu th chiu cao ca ct
dng ti (i, j) ca li. Cc s cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Kt qu ra t trong file vn bn PAINT.OUT, ghi s din tch cn sn.
V d:
Vi hnh v bn, cc ct c xy trn nn kch thc 2x3. Cc file d liu vo v kt qu ra s l:
PAINT.INP
2 3
4 3 4
1 2 1
PAINT.OUT
42
39
030. CT VI
Mt c s may mc chuyn sn xut khn vung mi kch c, nguyn liu l cc tm vi. Vi
mt tm vi hnh ch nht chiu di m n v v chiu rng n n v (m, n nguyn dng khng
qu 100), ngi ta c hai cch ct, ct ngang v ct dc.
c im ca mi thao tc ct l: mi ln ct bt buc phi ct ri mt mnh vi hnh ch nht
thnh hai mnh khc cng hnh ch nht v kch thc hai mnh ct ri cng phi l s nguyn.
Yu cu: Cho trc tm vi kch thc m x n. Hy tm cch ct tm vi thnh nhng mnh

vung ( khng c li mt mnh no khng vung) sao cho s mnh vung ct ra l t nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CUT.INP gm 1 dng cha hai s m, n cch nhau 1 du cch
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CUT.OUT. Trong :
Dng 1: Ghi s K l s mnh vung ti thiu c th ct ra c
K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi 3 s X, Y, d. y (X, Y) l to vung gc tri trn ca
mt hnh vung ct ra c v d l di cnh hnh vung . Quy c to ca gc tri
trn hnh ch nht ban u l (1, 1). To ca gc phi di hnh ch nht ban u l (m,
n). Ba s X, Y, d ghi cch nhau t nht 1 du cch.
V d:
1
1
2
3
4
CUT.INP
4 6
CUT.OUT
3
1 1 4
1 5 2
3 5 2
40
031. CHIA KO
Cho n gi ko nh s t 1 n n, gi ko th i c Ai vin ko.
Gi thit 2 n 200 v 1 Ai 200 vi i: 1 i n.
Yu cu: Chia n gi ko cho lm hai nhm sao cho hiu s ko ca hai nhm chnh lch nhau t
nht, nu c nhiu cch chia th ch cn ch ra mt cch.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CANDY.INP. Trong :
Dng u tin ghi s n
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s Ai
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CANDY.OUT. Trong :
Dng u tin ghi hai s m1 v c1 cch nhau t nht mt du cch, m1 l s gi nhm I, c1 l s
ko nhm I.
m1 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt gi ko c chn vo nhm I
Dng m1+2 ghi hai s m2 v c2 cch nhau t nht mt du cch, m2 l s gi nhm II, c2 l s
ko nhm II.
m2 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt gi ko c chn vo nhm II
V d:
CANDY.INP
6
100
4
9
5
6
98
CANDY.OUT
3 111
1
4
5
3 111
2
3
6
CANDY.INP
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CANDY.OUT
6 27
2
3
4
5
6
7
4 28
1
8
9
10
41
032. BNG QUAN H

Cho bng vung A, kch thc nxn, cc phn t l s nguyn {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}.
Gi thit 2 n 200.
Bng A gi l tng thch vi dy T = (t1, t2, ..., tn), hay dy T tng thch vi bng A nu:
Aij = 0 ti = tj
Aij = 1 ti < tj
Aij = -1 ti > tj
Aij = 2 ti tj
Aij = -2 ti tj
Aij = 3 ti tj
(Vi mi i, j: 1 i, j n)
V d: Dy T = (1, 4, 5, 4, 5, 9) tng thch vi bng:
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
-2
0
1
0
2
2
3
-2
-1
0
3
0
1
4
-2
-2
3
0
1
1
5
-1
-2
0
-1
0
1
6
-1
-2
-1
-1
-1
0
Dy T = (10, 20, 30, 20, 30, 40) cng tng thch vi bng
Yu cu, cho trc bng quan h A, hy tm dy s nguyn dng T = (t1, t2, ..., tn) tng thch
vi bng A m max(T) l b nht c th. Bit rng lun tn ti mt dy nh vy
D liu: Vo t file vn bn REL.INP:
Dng 1: Cha s n
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s trn dng i ca bng A theo ng th t t Ai1 n Ain
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn REL.OUT:
Ch gm 1 dng ghi n s ca dy T tm c theo ng th t t t1 n tn.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output File cch nhau t nht 1 du cch
V d:
REL.INP
6
0 1 1 1 2
-2 0 1 0 2
-2 -1 0 3 0
-2 -2 3 0 1
-1 -2 0 -1 0
-1 -2 -1 -1 -1
REL.OUT
1 2 3 2 3 4
2
2
1
1
1
0
42
033. ONG NC
Nn phng ca mt cng trng xy dng c chia thnh li vung n v kch thc mxn
. Trn mi (i, j) ca li, ngi ta dng mt ct b tng hnh hp c y l (i, j) v chiu cao l
Hij n v. Sau khi dng xong, th tri ma to v lu. Gi thit rng nc khng thNm thu
qua cc ct b tng cng nh khng r r qua cc ng ghp gia chng.
Yu cu: Xc nh lng nc ng gia cc ct
Ch k thut: m, n, Hij l cc s nguyn dng. 1 m, n 100. 1 Hij 1000
D liu: Vo t file vn bn WATER.INP c ghi di khun dng sau:
m n
Dng 1:
H11 H12 ... H1n
Dng 2:
H21 H22 ... H2n
Dng 3:
...
...
Dng m + 1: Hm1 Hm2 ... Hmn
Cc s trn 1 dng cc nhau t nht 1 du cch
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn WATER.OUT cha s n v khi nc ng
V d:
WATER.INP
5 5
9 9 9 9 9
9 2 2 2 9
9 2 1 2 9
9 2 2 2 9
9 9 9 9 9
WATER.OUT
64
WATER.INP
10 10
9 9 9 9 9
9 1 1 1 1
9 1 1 1 1
9 1 1 1 1
9 9 9 9 9
9 1 1 1 1
9 1 1 1 1
9 1 1 1 1
9 1 1 1 1
9 9 9 9 9
WATER.INP
5 7
3 3 3 3 3
3 1 1 1 1
3 1 2 2 2
3 1 1 1 1
3 3 3 3 3
WATER.OUT
27
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
WATER.OUT
128
9
9
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
1
1
1
9
1
1
1
1
9
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
1
1
1
9
1
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
43
034. TR TIN
Nc Silverland s dng h thng 20 loi tin xu, trong cc xu c mnh gi l mt s chnh
phng t 12 n 202:
1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361, 400.
Vi h thng ny, tr 10 xu ta c 4 cch:
1. Tr 10 ng 1 xu
2. Tr 6 ng 1 xu v 1 ng 4 xu
Nhim v ca bn l xc nh xem c bao nhiu cch tr mt s tin cho trc Silverland v
cho bit mt cch tr phi dng t ng xu nht.
D liu vo t file vn bn COIN.INP
Ghi s tin nguyn dng khng ln hn 666 xu.
Kt qu: a ra file vn bn COIN.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s cch tr s tin ghi trong file d liu
Dng 2: Ghi s ng xu ti thiu phi tr
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s a, b cch nhau t nht mt du cch: cho bit s c a
ng xu loi mnh gi b2 trong phng n ti u (dng t ng xu nht)
V d:
COIN.INP
10
COIN.OUT
4
2
1 3
1 1
COIN.INP
19
COIN.OUT
10
3
1 1
2 3
COIN.INP
499
COIN.OUT
9508585
3
2 15
1 7
44
035. HON V CH CI
Cho mt xu S ch gm cc ch ci in hoa, 1 di 9.
Hy lp chng trnh tr li hai cu hi sau:
C bao nhiu cch hon v cc ch ci ca xu S
Lit k cc hon v theo th t t in.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn PERMUTE.INP gm 1 dng cha xu S
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PERMUTE.OUT.
Dng 1: Ghi s lng hon v tm c (K)
K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt xu hon v ca xu S (phi lit k theo ng th t t in)
PERMUTE.INP
ABAB
PERMUTE.OUT
6
AABB
ABAB
ABBA
BAAB
BABA
BBAA
45
036. D TIC BN TRN

C n nh khoa hc nh s 1, 2, ..., n v 26 lnh vc khoa hc k hiu A, B, C, ..., Z. Thng tin v
ngi th i c cho bi mt xu k t Si gm cc ch ci in hoa th hin nhng lnh vc khoa hc
m ngi bit.
V d: S2 = 'ABCXYZ' cho bit nh khoa hc th 2 c hiu bit v cc lnh vc A, B, C, X, Y, Z.
Mt ln c n nh khoa hc n d mt ba tic. Ch nhn ca ba tic nh xp n nh khoa hc
ngi quanh mt bn trn, nhng mt vn khin ch nhn rt kh x l cc nh khoa hc ca
chng ta c hiu bit x hi tng i km, nn nu nh phi ngi cnh mt ai khng hiu bit
g v cc lnh vc ca mnh th rt kh ni chuyn.
Vy hy gip ch nhn xp n nh khoa hc ngi quanh bn trn sao cho hai ngi bt k ngi cnh
nhau phi c t nht mt lnh vc hiu bit chung, cc nh khoa hc ca chng ta khng nhng
n ngon m cn c th tr chuyn rm r.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn PARTY.INP. Trong :
Dng 1: Ghi s n
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi xu k t Si
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PARTY.OUT gm n dng.
Dng th i ghi nh khoa hc ngi ti v tr i ca bn (Cc v tr trn bn trn c nh s t 1
n n theo chiu kim ng h)
Lu :
n 20
Nu c nhiu cch xp th ch cn ch ra mt cch
Nu khng c cch xp th ghi vo file PARTY.OUT mt dng: NO SOLUTION
V d:
PARTY.INP
6
AV
DIQR
DV
CQ
AC
DR
PARTY.OUT
1
3
6
2
4
5
PARTY.INP
10
AX
BI
ABTX
AS
IK
KS
BE
AB
EK
AK
PARTY.OUT
1
3
2
5
6
4
8
7
9
10
PARTY.INP
6
AB
BC
CD
DE
EF
FG
PARTY.OUT
NO SOLUTION
46
037. TRO BI
C 2n l bi, trn ghi ln lt cc s t 1 n 2n (mi l bi ghi mt s v khng c hai l bi
no trng s). Ban u cc l bi c xp chng nhau theo th t t l bi ghi s 1 n l bi ghi
s 2n t di ln trn.
Sau ngi ta tin hnh tro cc l bi theo cch:
Nu th t cc l bi t di ln ang l:
(1, 2, 3 ..., n, n + 1, n + 2, n + 3, ..., 2n)
S tro thnh th t mi:
(n + 1, 1, n + 2, 2, n + 3, 3, ..., 2n, n).
Bng cch i vai tr cc l bi cho nhau, ta c th hnh dung ra c cch tro trong cc ln tip
theo.
V d: n = 3
Trng thi ban u:
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
Sau ln tro th nht: (4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3) (Xem hnh v)
Sau ln tro th hai:
(2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5)
Sau ln tro th ba:
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
6
3
4
2
3
1
Cch tro bi ny rt hay c s dng, tng rng n s to ra mt hon v hon ton "v t" i
vi cc qun bi nhng thc ra khng phi nh vy, sau mt s hu hn ln tro, tp bi li tr
v trng thi ban u nh cha tro.
V d nh b bi c 52 qun (n = 26) th ch qua 52 ln tro l u vn hon y, hay b bi c
104 qun (n = 52) th ch qua c 12 ln tro l s tr v trng thi ban u.
Nhim v ca bn l khi bit c s n l mt na s qun bi, hy tnh xem sau t nht bao
nhiu ln tro th tp bi s tr v trng thi ban u.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CARD.INP ch gm 1 dng ghi s nguyn dng n ( n 10000)
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CARD.OUT cng ch gm 1 dng ghi mt s nguyn dng, l s ln
tro ti thiu tp bi tr li trng thi ban u.
V d:
CARD.INP
999
CARD.OUT
333
CARD.INP
26
CARD.OUT
52
CARD.INP
9875
CARD.OUT
9875
47
038. I XNG HO
nh ngha:
Mt xu k t X gi l cha xu k t Y nu nh c th xo bt mt s k t trong xu X
c xu Y: V d: Xu '1a2b3c45d' cha xu '12345'.
Mt xu k t gi l i xng nu n khng thay i khi ta vit cc k t trong xu theo th t
ngc li: V d: 'abcABADABAcba', 'MADAM' l cc xu i xng
Cho trc mt xu k t S c di khng qu 128.
Hy tm xu k t T tho mn c 3 iu kin:
1. i xng
2. Cha xu S
3. C t k t nht (c di ngn nht)
Lu rng vi mt xu S, nu c nhiu xu T tho mn ng thi 3 iu kin trn th ch cn cho
bit mt. Chng hn vi S = 'a_101_b' th chn T = 'ab_101_ba' hay T = 'ba_101_ab' u ng.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn STR.INP ch gm 1 dng cha xu k t S
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STR.OUT cng ch gm 1 dng ghi xu k t T
V d: Mt vi file d liu vo v file kt qu tng ng:
STR.INP
MADAM
STR.OUT
MADAM
STR.INP
00_11_22_33_222_1_000
STR.INP
abcdefg_hh_gfe_1_d_2_c_3_ba
STR.INP
edbabcd
STR.OUT
edcbabcde
STR.OUT
000_11_222_33_222_11_000
STR.OUT
ab_3_c_2_d_1_efg_hh_gfe_1_d_2_c_3_ba
48
039. MNG MY TNH

Trn mt nn phng vi h to Decattes vung gc t n my tnh v m cp mng ni chng.
Cc my tnh c nh s 1, 2, ..., n v cc cp mng c nh s 1, 2, ..., m. V tr ca my tnh
th i c cho bi to (Xi, Yi), cp mng th j c cho ni gia hai my tnh (pj, qj). Hai my
tnh bt k c th chuyn thng tin cho nhau bng mt trong hai cch: Truyn trc tip qua cp ni
chng (nu c) hoc truyn qua mt s my trung gian.
Yu cu: Ngi ta mun ni thm cc dy cp mng sau cho hai my bt k trong c h thng n
my tnh u c th chuyn thng tin cho nhau. Hy ch ra cch ni thm cc dy cp mng sao
cho tng di cc dy cp ni thm l t nht, gi thit rng cc dy cp mng c ni theo
ng thng gia hai my.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn NET.INP theo khun dng sau:
Dng
1
2
3
...
n + 1
n + 2
n + 3
...
n + m + 1
Ni dung
n m
x1 y1
x2 y2
...
xn yn
p1 q1
p2 q2
...
pm qm
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NET.OUT. Trong :

Dng 1: Ghi s nguyn dng K v s thc L. K l s dy cp mng phi ni thm v L l tng
di cc dy cp mng ni thm (L ly chnh xc ti 6 ch s sau du chm thp phn).
K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu hai my tnh, cho bit s t thm dy cp mng ni hai
my tnh
Lu :
1. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch
2. 1 n 1000; 0 m 10000 v to ca cc my tnh l s nguyn c gi tr tuyt i khng
qu 1000.
V d:
NET.INP
9 5
1.0 1.0
2.0 1.0
4.0 1.0
1.0 2.0
2.0 2.0
4.0 2.0
1.0 3.0
2.0 3.0
4.0 3.0
1 4
2 3
4 7
5 8
6 9
NET.OUT
3 3.000000
1 2
4 5
3 6
7
49
040. LT MI N
Cho n qun -mi-n xp dng ng theo hng ngang v c nh s t 1 n n. Qun -mi-n
th i c s ghi trn l ai v s ghi di l bi. Xem hnh v:
1
Bit rng 1 n 100 v 0 ai, bi 6 vi i: 1 i n.

Cho php lt ngc cc qun -mi-n. Khi mt qun -mi-n th i b lt, n s c s ghi trn
l bi v s ghi di l ai.
Vn t ra l hy tm cch lt cc qun -mi-n sao cho chnh lch gia tng cc s ghi
hng trn v tng cc s ghi hng di l ti thiu. Nu c nhiu phng n lt tt nh
nhau, th ch ra phng n phi lt t qun nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn DOMINO.INP. Trong :
Dng 1 ghi s n
Dng 2 ghi n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t.
Dng 3 ghi n s b1, b2, ..., bn theo ng th t.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DOMINO.OUT. Trong :
Dng 1: Ghi s qun -mi-n b lt (C)
Dng 2: Ghi ch s ca C qun -mi-n b lt
Dng 3: Ghi chnh lch gia tng cc s hng trn v tng cc s hng di sau khi lt.
Cc s trn mt hng ca Input/ Output File cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
DOMINO.INP
6
1 1 4 4 0 6
6 3 1 1 6 1
DOMINO.OUT
2
6 5
0
50
041. S NH PHN LN NHT

Xu nh phn l xu k t ch gm cc ch s 0 v 1. Ngi ta ni xu nh phn X l xu con ca
xu nh phn Y nu c th xa bt mt s k t trong xu Y c xu X.
V d: Xu '0101' l xu con ca xu '000111000111'.
Lu rng nu nh xu X = xu Y th xu X cng c coi l xu con ca xu Y.
Nu coi xu nh phn l biu din nh phn ca mt s nguyn th s nguyn gi l tr s ca xu
nh phn.
Yu cu: Cho trc hai xu nh phn A v B, hy tm mt xu nh phn C l xu con ca c A
v B m tr s ca C l ln nht c th c.
D liu: Nhp t file vn bn BSTR.INP gm 2 dng:
Dng 1: Ghi xu nh phn A
Dng 2: Ghi xu nh phn B
Kt qu: To file vn bn BSTR.OUT gm 1 dng ghi xu nh phn C tm c.
V d:
BSTR.INP
00000000101000101010
1000000000000010101
BSTR.OUT
1000010101
BSTR.INP
110011001100
001100110011
BSTR.OUT
1100110011
51
042. SN CC HNH CH NHT

Mt bng hnh ch nht phng c chia thnh cc
min hnh ch nht khng giao nhau v c cnh song
song vi cnh ca bng. Ngi ta mun sn cc min
ch nht ny, mi min s c sn bng mt mu
nh sn.
V khi sn c hin tng sn chy xung pha di
nn mt min ch nht pha di ch c php sn
khi m cc min trn, c nh hng ti n c
sn.
Theo hnh bn th min 2 ch c sn sau khi min 5
v min 7 sn xong. Ni mt cch chnh xc: Min
A bt buc phi sn sau min B nu c hai iu kin
sau tha mn:
1. Hnh chiu ca min A v min B trn trc honh
c t nht hai im chung
2. Tung tm min B ln hn tung tm min A
y
6
4 ()
6 (xanh)
3 (xanh)
5 ()
3
7 (xanh)
1 ()
2 (xanh)
sn tt c cc min, ngi ta s dng mt h thng chi sn mu sc, hai chi sn khc nhau
c mu khc nhau. Hy tm th t sn cc min ch nht sao cho s ln phi thay chi l t nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn PAINT.INP. Trong :
Dng u tin ghi s min ch nht trong bng (n)
n dng tip theo, Dng th i ghi thng tin v min th i gm 5 s nguyn X1 Y1 X2 Y2 C theo
ng th t . (X1, Y1) l ta nh tri di, (X2, Y2) l ta nh phi trn, C l m mu
cn t cho min.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PAINT.OUT. Trong
Dng 1: Ghi s ln thay chi t nht (tnh c ln u tin khi bt u sn)
Dng 2: Ghi s hiu cc min ch nht theo ng th t s t.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Gii hn: 1 n 20; 1 m mu 15; 0 cc ta 100;
V d: Vi hnh v trong bi, s 2 l m mu v s 1 l m mu xanh.
PAINT.INP
7
4 0 6 3 2
0 0 4 2 1
4 3 6 5 1
2 5 6 6 2
2 2 4 5 2
0 4 2 6 1
0 2 2 4 1
PAINT.OUT
3
4 5 3 6 7 2 1
52
043. PHN HOCH TAM GIC

Xt mt a gic li vi n cnh, cc nh c nh s theo th t t 1 ti n. Mt b n - 3 ng
cho i mt khng ct nhau s chia a gic cho thnh n - 2 tam gic. Ta gi b gm n - 3
ng cho l mt php tam gic phn ca a gic li ban u.
Trng s ca mt php tam gic phn l tng di cc ng cho c s dng trong php
phn hoch.
Yu cu:
Cho trc mt a gic li, hy tm mt php tam gic phn nh nht (c trng s nh nht)
D liu: Vo t file vn bn POLYGON.INP. Trong :
Dng 1: Ghi s nh n ca a gic cho
n dng tip theo, dng th i gm 2 s thc Xi, Yi theo th t l honh v tung ca
nh th i. (Cc nh c lit k theo ng th t gi tn a gic)
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn POLYGON.OUT. Trong :
Dng 1: Ghi trng s ca php tam gic phn nh nht
n - 3 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng i, j cho bit c s dng ng cho
ni nh i vi nh j trong php phn hoch tm c
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Gii hn:
1. n nguyn dng, 4 n 100
2. Cc to nh l s thc: Xi, Yi 106
3. Trng s ca php tam gic phn nh nht c ghi di dng s thc lm trn ly 6 ch s sau
du chm thp phn.
V d:
POLYGON.INP
6
4 0
5 1
6 4
2 4
0 3
2 1
POLYGON.OUT
12.000000
2 6
2 4
4 6
53
044. CC THNH PHN LIN THNG MNH

Cho th c hng G = (V, E) gm n nh v m cung.
Mt th con G' ca G c gi l mt thnh phn lin thng mnh nu hai iu kin sau tho
mn:
1. Hoc G' ch gm 1 nh, hoc vi hai nh i, j bt k ca G' lun tn ti ng i t nh i
ti nh j.
2. Vic thm vo G' mt nh bt k s lm hng tnh cht 1
Yu cu: Cho bit s thnh phn lin thng mnh ca th cho v lit k tt c cc thnh
phn lin thng mnh.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn GRAPH.INP, trong :
Dng 1: Ghi hai s n, m
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng x, y th hin c cung ni t nh x ti nh
y
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GRAPH.OUT, trong :
Dng 1: Ghi s thnh phn lin thng mnh (K)
K dng tip theo, dng th i, ghi cc nh thuc thnh phn lin thng mnh th i tm c
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch
Gii hn: 1 n 1000; 1 m 3000
V d:
GRAPH.INP
4 4
1 2
2 3
3 1
3 4
GRAPH.OUT
2
1 2 3
4
54
045. M GRAY
n
Mt hnh trn c chia lm 2 hnh qut ng tm, cc hnh qut c nh s t 1 ti 2n theo

chiu kim ng h. Hy ch ra mt cch xp tt c s t 0 ti 2n - 1 vo cc hnh qut, mi s vo
mt hnh qut sao cho bt c hai s no hai hnh qut cnh nhau u ch khc nhau ng 1 bt
trong biu din nh phn ca n.
V d: Vi n = 4:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
14
12
10
11
9
15
13
7
D liu: Nhp t bn phm s nguyn dng n. Gii hn (1 n 20).

Kt qu: Ghi ra File (of LongInt) GRAYCODE.OUT gm 2n s nguyn kiu LongInt theo ng
th t t s ghi trn hnh qut 1 ti s ghi trn hnh qut 2n.
55
046. D N XY CU
Trong mt khu cng vin nc c n hn o nh v mt s cu ni gia chng. Gi thit rng cc
cu c ni theo ng thng.
Hai cu hi t ra l:
1. C tn ti mt ng i qua tt c cc o mi o ng mt ln hay khng ?
2. Nu khng tn ti ng i nh vy, hy ch ra cc xy thm cc cy cu thc hin c
iu sao cho tng di nhng cy cu xy thm l t nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn WPARK.INP
Dng 1: Ghi s o n ( 16) v s cu c m
n dng tip theo, dng th i gm 2 s thc x[i] y[i] l to ca hn o i.
m dng tip theo, dng th j ghi s hiu hai o tng ng vi chic cu th j.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn WPARK.OUT
Dng 1: ghi s k l s cu cn xy thm v s thc T (ly ti 6 ch s sau du chm thp phn)
l tng di cc cy cu xy thm
k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu hai o tng ng vi mt cy cu xy thm
Dng k + 2 ghi s hiu cc o trn ng i tm c (sau khi xy thm cu)
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
WPARK.INP
10 11
3.0 3.0
6.0 3.0
2.0 2.0
4.0 2.0
5.0 2.0
7.0 2.0
1.0 1.0
3.0 1.0
6.0 1.0
8.0 1.0
1 3
1 4
2 5
2 6
3 8
4 8
5 9
6 9
7 8
8 9
9 10
WPARK.OUT
1 1.000000
4 5
7 8 3 1 4 5 2 6 9 10
1
3
7
0
2
4
10
x
56
047. BO TN NG VT HOANG D
Mt khu bo tn ng vt c n a im v cc ng i hai chiu ni cc a im , a im th
i c nhit l ti, gia hai a im bt k c nhiu nht l mt ng i ni chng.
Ngi ta mun di chuyn mt loi ng vt qu him t a im A ti a im B, tuy nhin nu
chnh lch v nhit gia hai a im lin tip trn ng i l qu cao th loi ng vt ny rt
c th b cht.
Yu cu: Hy ch ra mt hnh trnh m lch nhit ln nht gia hai a im lin tip bt
k trn ng i l cc tiu.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MOVE.INP
Dng 1: Cha ba s n, A, B (2 n 200; A B)
Dng 2: Cha n s t nhin t1, t2, ..., tn (i: 0 ti 20000)
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s nguyn dng u, v cho bit gia hai a im u v v
c ng i ni chng.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MOVE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi lch nhit ln nht gia hai a im lin tip bt k trn ng i tm c,
nu khng tn ti ng i th dng ny ghi s -1.
Trong trng hp tm c ng i th dng 2 ghi hnh trnh tm c, bt u t a im A,
tip theo l nhng a im i qua, kt thc l a im B. Cc a im phi c lit k theo
ng th t i qua trn hnh trnh
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
MOVE.INP
7 1 4
20 22 29 30 24 27 26
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 4
2 5
3 4
3 6
4 5
4 6
5 7
6 7
MOVE.OUT
2
1 2 5 7 6 3 4
22
24
30
20
3
29
7 26
6
27
57
048. PH TNG
C mt to lu i hnh ch nht vi hai cnh l m, n nguyn dng khng ln hn 50. Lu i
c chia thnh cc vung n v. Cc dng vung c nh s t 1 ti m t trn xung di,
trn mi dng, cc c nh s theo th t t 1 ti n t tri qua phi. Quanh mi c th c t 0
ti 4 bc tng, tuy nhin tnh trng c tng ti cc k cnh l khng mu thun nhau.
th hin tnh trng tng quanh mt , ta gn cho mi mt s nguyn, m trong biu din nh
phn ca s nguyn :
Bt 0 (Bt n v) bng 1 hay 0 tu theo c tng hay khng c tng hng Ty
Bt 1 bng 1 hay 0 tu theo c tng hay khng c tng hng Bc
Bt 2 bng 1 hay 0 tu theo c tng hay khng c tng hng ng
Bt 3 bng 1 hay 0 tu theo c tng hay khng c tng hng Nam
Quanh lu i c tng bao bc.
V d trong hnh v di, ta c mt lu i 4 x 7.
Tnh trng tng ca (2, 2) c th hin bi s 9 = 1001
Tnh trng tng ca (3, 5) c th hin bi s 13 = 1101
1
1
2
3
13
S
Lu i c chia thnh cc phng, cc phng phn cch nhau bi cc bc tng. Hy lp chng

trnh tr li cc cu hi sau:
1. Cho bit lu i c bao nhiu phng
2. Cho bit s ca phng rng nht
3. Hy tm cch ph i mt v ch mt bc tng c mt phng rng nht c th
D liu: Vo t file vn bn DWALL.INP
Dng 1: Ghi hai s m, n
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s nguyn, s th j th hin tnh trng tng quanh (i, j)
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DWALL.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s phng
Dng 2: Ghi s ca phng rng nht
Dng 3: Ghi hai s P, Q v k t c {W, N, E, S} vi ngha ph tng hng c ca (P,
Q)
Dng 4: Ghi s ca phng rng nht thu c sau khi ph tng
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch
V d:
DWALL.INP
4 7
11 06 11 06
07 09 06 13
01 10 12 07
13 11 10 08
03
05
13
10
10
14
07
12
06
05
05
13
DWALL.OUT
5
9
3 2 S
16
58
049. TRUYN TIN TRN MNG

Trong mt mng gm N my tnh nh s t 1 n N. S ni mng c cho bi m knh ni
trc tip gia mt s cp my trong mng. Bit chi ph truyn mt n v thng tin theo mi knh
ni ca mng.
Ngi ta cn chuyn mt bc thng ip t my S n my D (S D). m bo an ton, ngi
ta mun chuyn bc thng ip ny theo hai ng truyn tin khc nhau (tc l khng c knh no
ca mng c s dng trong c hai ng truyn tin). Chi ph ca mt ng truyn tin c hiu
l tng chi ph trn cc knh ca n. Chi ph truyn thng ip bng tng chi ph ca hai ng
truyn.
Yu cu: Gi s bc thng ip c di l 1 n v thng tin, hy tm cch truyn thng ip t
s n t sao cho chi ph truyn thng ip l nh nht
D liu: Nhp t file vn bn MESSAGE.INP vi cu trc nh sau:
Dng u tin ghi bn s n, m, S, D (n100);
Mi dng th i trong s m dng tip theo ghi thng tin v knh ni th i ca mng gm ba s ai,
bi, ci, trong ai, bi l ch s ca hai my tng ng vi knh ny v ci (nguyn dng 200) l
chi ph truyn mt n v thng tin t my ai n my bi (v ngc li) theo knh ny
(i=1,2,...,m).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MESSAGE.OUT theo cu trc sau:
Dng u tin ghi chi ph truyn thng ip theo cch truyn tin tm c.
Dng th hai ghi ng truyn tin th nht di dng dy c th t cc my, bt u t my S
v kt thc my D.
Dng th ba ghi ng truyn tin th hai di dng dy c th t cc my bt u t my S v
kt thc my D.
Nu khng tn ti cch truyn th ch cn ghi vo file MESSAGE.OUT mt dng:
NO SOLUTION
V d:
8
MESSAGE.INP
5 7 1 5
1 2 3
1 4 8
2 3 5
2 4 4
3 5 5
4 3 8
4 5 3
MESSAGE.OUT
24
1 2 3 5
1 4 5
59
050. HNH VUNG CC I

Cho mt bng kch thc mxn, c chia thnh li vung n v m dng n ct. Trn cc ca
bng ghi s 0 hoc 1. Cc dng ca bng c nh s 1, 2... m theo th t t trn xung di v
cc ct ca bng c nh s 1, 2..., n theo th t t tri qua phi.
Hy tm mt hnh vung gm cc ca bng tho mn cc iu kin sau:
1. Hnh vung l ng nht: tc l cc thuc hnh vung phi ghi cc s ging nhau (0
hoc 1)
2. Cnh hnh vung song song vi cnh bng.
3. Kch thc hnh vung l ln nht c th.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SQUARE.INP
Dng 1: Ghi hai s m, n
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s m s th j l s ghi trn (i, j) ca bng
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SQUARE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi kch thc cnh hnh vung tm c
Dng 2: Ghi 4 s nguyn r1, c1, r2, c2. y (r1, c1) l ch s hng v ch s ct ca thuc gc
trn bn tri, (r2, c2) l ch s hng v ch s ct ca thuc gc di bn phi hnh vung tm
c.
V d:
SQUARE.INP
11 13
0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
SQUARE.OUT
7
3 3 9 9
60
051. ON XE QUA CU
Cho mt on xe gm n chic i trn mt ng mt chiu v on xe c b tr theo th t t
1 n n. Mi mt xe trong on c vn tc l vi v trng lng wi.
Khi i qua mt chic cu c trng ti gii hn l P th on xe phi chia thnh cc nhm sao cho
tng trng lng ca mi nhm khng qu P (Lu rng khng c o th t on xe). Cc
nhm phi i tun t c ngha l nhm th i ch c khi hnh khi m ton b xe ca nhm th i 1 qua cu. Gi thit rng P > wi vi i: 1 i n.
R rng khi thi gian mt nhm xe qua cu ph thuc vo xe chm nht trong nhm nu
coi nh chiu di cng nh khong cch ca cc xe l khng ng k.
Hy tm cch chia on xe thnh cc nhm sao cho thi gian m on xe sang c cu l nh
nht c th c.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CARGROUP.INP
Dng u l 3 s nguyn dng n, P v L (n, P, L 1000) th hin cho s xe, trng lng gii
hn ca cu v di ca cu.
Dng th i trong n dng k tip gm 2 s nguyn dng wi v vi (wi, vi 100)
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CARGROUP.OUT
Dng u ghi mt s thc l tng thi gian nh nht xe qua cu, cho php lm trn ly 2 ch
s sau du chm thp phn.
Dng k tip gm cc s x1, x2, .., xk th hin: nhm 1 gm cc xe t 1 n xe th x1, nhm 2
gm cc xe th x1+1 n xe th x2..., nhm k t xe th x[k - 1] ti x[k]
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
P = 100
25
20
20
40
50
50
10
50
70
12
30
25
50
70 (km / h)
38
27
19
100 km
4h
5h
CARGROUP.INP
10 100 100
40 25
50 20
50 20
70 10
12 50
09 70
49 30
38 25
27 50
19 70
70
10h
49
4h
2h
CARGROUP.OUT
25.00
1 3 6 8 10
61
052. S LNG
Cho s nguyn dng n (n 2 000 000 000). Hy xc nh xem trong phm vi t 1 ti n c bao
nhiu s m trong dng biu din nh phn ca n c ng K ch s 0 c ngha.
V d: n = 18, k = 3 c 3 s:
1. 8 = 1000
2. 17 = 10001
3. 18 = 10010
D liu: Vo t file vn bn NUMBER.INP, gm mt dng cha hai s nguyn N v K cch nhau
mt du cch.
Kt qu: a ra file NUMBER.OUT, ghi s lng cc s tm c
V d:
NUMBER.INP
18 3
NUMBER.OUT
3
62
053. THM HIM LNG T

Mt nh kho c nghin cu nhng di sn vn ho c i mt thnh ph b chn vi di lng
t. thm him thnh ph , nh kho c ca chng ta buc phi o cc ng ngm.
Bt u ti v tr xut pht, ng ta o theo mt trong 4 hng ng (E), Ty (W), Nam (S), Bc
(N), mi ln o mt n v di. Sau c th o tip theo hng hoc i hng theo mt
trong 4 hng trn. Gi s rng ng knh ca ng ngm o c l khng ng k.
trnh b lc, ng ta ghi li vo file vn bn MAP.INP trong my tnh xch tay ca mnh mt
trong 4 k t E, W, S, N tng ng vi mt trong bn hng m ng ta s o ti mi ln.
V d vi im xut pht v quy trnh o hm di y, s cc ng ngm s l:
Finish
Start
Sau khi kho st xong, nh kho c mun quay tr li im xut pht bng ng hm
o. Hy da vo thng tin trong my tnh xch tay ca nh kho c ch cho ng ta ng i
ngn nht quay tr li.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MAP.INP ca nh kho c gm 1 dng khng qu 5000 k t {E,
W, N, S}
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MAP.OUT gm 1 dng cha cc k t ch hng i dn v ni xut
pht.
V d:
MAP.INP
EEEENNNWWWSSSSSSSEEEEENNNNNWW
MAP.OUT
SWWWW
63
054. TH T T IN
Mt bng danh mc gm cc t c sp xp theo mt trt t t in no y (khng nht
thit l t in thng thng). Yu cu t bng danh mc, hy khi phc li trt t t in
dng.
D liu vo c cho bi file vn bn NOTE.INP. Dng u l s lng t, cc dng tip,

(theo th t) mi dng l mt t trong bng danh mc. Gi thit rng mi t u khng qu
20 k t c ly trong bng ch ci nh ting Anh (t 'a' n 'z'). S lng t trong bng
danh mc khng qu 10000.
Kt qu a ra file vn bn NOTE.OUT gm mt dng l xu gm cc ch ci xut hin
trong bng danh mc. Cc ch ci trong xu vit lin nhau v theo th t ph hp vi trt t
t in dng.
V d:
NOTE.INP
10
svxngqqnsnvqv
snngg
qsqsqvgsqq
qqns
qnvq
nsxnxnvsqsvvs
nqg
nn
xsgvsgggqvsqqsxgv
xxgxxggsvnxsnxsnqq
NOTE.OUT
gsvqnx
64
055. DY LCH
Cho hai dy s nguyn:
A = (a1, a2, ..., an)
B = (b1, b2, ..., bn)
(n 100; -10000 ai, bj 10000 vi i, j : 1 i, j n )
Hy tm mt hon v = (1, 2, ..., n) ca dy s (1, 2, ..., n)
cc tiu ho biu thc:
F(
) := 1 - a1 + b1 - a2 + b2 - a3 + ... + bn-1 - an + bn - 1
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SLANTING.INP

Dng 1: Ghi s n
n dng tip theo, Dng th i ghi 2 s nguyn ai v bi cch nhau t nht 1 du cch
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SLANTING.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi gi tr cc tiu F() tm c
n Dng tip theo, dng th i ghi gi tr i
V d:
65
056. RT GN DY S
Cho dy gm n s nguyn dng a = (a1, a2, ..., an). Trn dy s ny ta c th thc hin php rt
gn ti v tr i:
R(i): thay hai s hng lin tip ai v ai+1 bng hiu ca chng ai - ai+1.
Sau n - 1 ln rt gn, vi dy a, ta thu c duy nht mt s nguyn.
V d: Thc hin ln lt cc php rt gn 2, 3, 2 v 1 i vi dy s (12, 10, 4, 3, 5) ta s thu c
kt qu nh sau:
1. Ban u: (12, 10, 4, 3, 5)
2. Rt gn R(2): (12, 6, 3, 5)
3. Rt gn R(3): (12, 6, -2)
4. Rt gn R(2): (12, 8)
5. Rt gn R(1): (4)
Yu cu cho dy s a = (a1, a2, ..., an) v s T, hy tm th t thc hin N - 1 php rt gn i vi
dy cho thu c T.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SUBTRACT.INP
Dng u tin cha hai s n v T cc nhau mt du cch (1 n 100; -10000 T 10000)
Dng th i trong s n dng tip theo ghi s ai. (1 ai 100).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SUBTRACT.OUT
Gm n - 1 dng, dng th i ghi v tr thc hin php rt gn th i.
Gi thit rng cc d liu u c t nht mt li gii
V d:
SUBTRACT.INP
4 5
10
2
5
2
SUBTRACT.OUT
3
1
1
66
057. BUN TIN

Mt ngi lm vic mt ngn hng ngoi t theo di t gi hi oi pht hin ra l: Nu khn
kho, th t mt lng ngoi t ban u, nh chuyn i sang cc loi ngoi t khc, anh ta c th
thu c li nhun ng k.
V d: Nu anh ta c 1 USD v t gi hi oi gia cc ngoi t nh sau:
1 USD
= 0.7 bng Anh
1 bng Anh = 9.5 Franc Php
1 Franc Php = 0.16 USD
Khi vi 1 USD anh ta c th mua c 0.7 * 9.5 * 0.16 = 1.064 USD nh vic chuyn i tin
qua bng Anh, ri t bng Anh sang Franc Php, v cui cng li quay v USD. Nh mi USD
em li cho anh ta li nhun l 0.064USD.
Gi s trong nh bng qun l n loi ngoi t nh s 1, 2, ..., n. Bit bng t gi hi oi R[i, j] (1
i, j n). (Tc l 1 n v ngoi hi i mua c R[i, j] n v ngoi hi j). Cn xc nh xem c cch
i tin em li li nhun hay khng ?
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MONEY.INP
Dng u tin cha s n (n 100)
Dng th i trong s n dng tip theo cha n s thc dng R[i, 1], R[i, 2], ..., R[i, n].
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MONEY.OUT
Dng u tin ghi YES hoc NO tng ng vi vic c hoc khng c cch i tin sinh li nhun
Nu dng u tin l YES th dng th hai ghi hai s u v s. Trong u l loi tin xut pht, cn s
l li nhun thu c nh cch i 1 n v tin u. Dng th ba ghi trnh t cn tin hnh i tin
thu li c li nhun bt u t loi tin xut pht
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch
Li nhun (nu c) trong Output File c th ch cn lm trn gi li 6 ch s sau du chm thp
phn.
V d:
MONEY.INP
5
1.00
1.10
0.83
1.00
0.89
0.84
0.84
0.83
1.09
0.84
0.83
0.86
1.00
1.01
0.87
0.81
1.09
0.83
1.00
0.90
0.85
0.81
1.02
0.84
1.00
MONEY.OUT
YES
1 0.007160
1 2 4
67
058. DY NGOC
Mt dy du ngoc hp l l mt dy cc k t "(" v ")" c nh ngha nh sau:
i. Dy rng l mt dy du ngoc hp l su 0
ii. Nu A l dy du ngoc hp l su k th (A) l dy du ngoc hp l su k + 1
iii. Nu A v B l hai dy du ngoc hp l vi su ln lt l p v q th AB l dy du ngoc
hp l su l max(p, q)
di ca mt dy ngoc l tng s k t "(" v ")"
V d: C 5 dy du ngoc hp l di 8 v su 3:
((()()))
((())())
((()))()
(()(()))
()((()))
Bi ton t ra l khi cho bit trc hai s nguyn dng n v k. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu dy
ngoc hp l c di l n v su l k. Nu c khng qu 100 dy th hy lit k ht cc dy,
nu c nhiu hn 100 dy th hy ch ra 100 dy ngoc phn bit.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn NGOAC.INP gm 1 dng ghi hai s nguyn dng n v k cch nhau
mt du cch (n 64, k 32).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NGOAC.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s C l s lng dy ngoc hp l c di l n v su l k.
Nu C 100, th C dng tip theo mi dng ghi mt dy ngoc tm c. Nu C > 100, th 100
dng tip theo mi dng ghi mt dy ngoc. Cc dy ngoc c lit k i mt khc nhau.
V d:
NGOAC.INP
8 3
NGOAC.OUT
5
((()()))
((())())
((()))()
(()(()))
()((()))
NGOAC.INP
10 2
NGOAC.OUT
15
(()()()())
(()()())()
(()())(())
(()())()()
(())(()())
(())(())()
(())()(())
(())()()()
()(()()())
()(()())()
()(())(())
()(())()()
()()(()())
()()(())()
()()()(())
68
059. THNG BM V PH NG
Bm thng ph ng trong mt cuc nh cc v buc ph ng phi i ru. Ph ng bn by ra
mt dy n chai cha y ru, v ni vi Bm rng c th ung bao nhiu tu , nhng chn
chai no th phi ung ht v khng c ung ba chai lin nhau bi l iu xui xo.
Bn hy ch cho Bm cch ung c nhiu ru nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn BOTTLES.INP
Dng 1: Ghi s nguyn dng n (n 10000)
Cc dng tip ghi cc s nguyn dng ( 10000) l dung tch ca cc chai ru ph ng by
ra, theo th t lit k t chai th nht ti chai th n, cc s c ghi cch nhau bi du cch
hoc du xung dng.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BOTTLES.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s chai c chn v lng ru ti a c th ung cch nhau mt du cch.
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s ca mt chai chn ra c
V d:
BOTTLES.INP
6
6 10 10 13
10 10
BOTTLES.OUT
4 40
2
3
5
6
69
060. S THP PHN

Kt qu ca php chia: a/b vi a v b l hai s nguyn (b 0) c th biu din di dng mt s
thp phn hu hn hoc s thp phn v hn tun hon.
V d:
6/25
= 0.24
1/3
= 0.(3)
-17/140 = -0.12(142857)
Vn t ra l khi bit hai s nguyn a, b (-109 a 109; -107 b 107; b 0). Hy tm biu
din thp phn ca php chia a/b.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn DECIMAL.INP
Input file gm nhiu dng, mi dng ghi mt b d liu l cp s nguyn a, b cch nhau mt du
cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DECIMAL.OUT
Output file c s dng bng s dng ca input file, chng trnh phi ghi kt qu tng ng vi b
d liu th i trong input file vo dng th i ca output file.
Ch :
Trong trng hp a/b l s nguyn th ch ghi kt qu phn nguyn, khng c phn thp phn v
du chm thp phn.
Trng hp a/b l s thp phn hu hn, khng c ghi tha s 0 cui.
Trng hp a/b l s thp phn v hn tun hon, phn thp phn ng trc chu k phi l
ngn ti tiu.
V d:
DECIMAL.INP
DECIMAL.OUT
100 10
6 25
1 3
99 101
431 3500
10
0.24
0.(3)
0.(9801)
0.123(142857)
DECIMAL.OUT di y tuy gi tr ng nhng

l sai khun dng
10.00
0.240
0.33(3)
0.98(0198)
0.123142(857142)
70
061. DANH SCH VNG

lm vic vi mt danh sch gm N s nguyn cn phi c hai thao tc.
Thao tc Top chuyn phn t u tin ca danh sch xung v tr cui cng ca danh sch.
Thao tc Bottom chuyn phn t cui cng ca danh sch ln v tr u tin ca danh sch.
Mt php bin i danh sch cho l vic thc hin K ln thao tc Top, ri sau n L ln thao
tc Bottom.
Do s ln thc hin php bin i trn l rt ln nn i hi phi c nhng th tc thc hin hiu
qu thc hin lin tip X php bin i a danh sch v trng thi cui cng.
Yu cu: Vit chng trnh cho php vi mt danh sch v ba s K, L, X cho trc, xc nh trng
thi ca danh sch sau X ln thc hin php bin i.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CLIST.INP
Dng u tin cha ba s nguyn dng N, K, L (1 N, K, L 10000).
Dng th hai cha N s nguyn, mi s c gi tr tuyt i khng qu 10000, c sp xp theo
th t tng ng vi trng thi khi u ca danh sch.
Dng th ba cha s nguyn X (0 X 2.109).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CLIST.OUT
Ghi ra trn mt dng ca file vn bn CLIST.OUT cc phn t ca danh sch sau X php bin i.
Cc phn t phi c ghi ng th t t phn t u tin n phn t cui cng.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
CLIST.INP
5 2 1
3 5 2 4 7
9
CLIST.OUT
7 3 5 2 4
71
062. TNH DIN TCH

Cho mt li vung kch thc MxN. Mi cha mt s 0 hoc 1. Cc s 1 trn li to thnh
mt ng kn (tc l dy cc m hai lin tip c chung cnh hoc nh v cui cng ca dy
c chung cnh hoc nh vi u tin) bc c mt vng ca li m ta s gi l mt hnh. Din
tch ca hnh l s cha s 0 nm trong .
Yu cu: Vit chng trnh tnh din tch ca hnh trong mt li vung cho trc. Gi thit
l din tch ca mt hnh khc 0.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SZERO.INP:
Dng u tin cha hai s nguyn dng M, N (5 M, N 100)
M dng tip theo m t bng cho trc, mi dng cha dy gm N s 0 hoc 1 c ghi lin nhau
Kt qu: Ghi ra trn mt dng ca file vn bn SZERO.OUT din tch ca hnh trn li cho.
V d:
SZERO.INP
6 8
01000000
10100000
10010000
10001000
01010000
00100000
SZERO.OUT
7
SZERO.INP
5 5
00000
01111
10010
01010
00100
SZERO.OUT
3
72
063. THANG MY
Trong to nh ca mt trung tm thng mi gm 101 tng (cc tng c nh s t 0 n 100)
khch hng c th s dng hai loi thang my:
Thang my loi I: cho php di chuyn n bt k tng no vi thi gian di chuyn qua mt tng
l E1 giy.
Thang my loi II (siu tc) ch dng li cc tng c ch s chia ht cho 10, thc hin vic di
chuyn qua 10 tng vi thi gian l E2 giy.
Bt k thang my ang u, thi gian ch i thang my I v II ( chuyn thang my hoc vo
thang my) l W1 v W2 giy tng ng. Ngoi ra ti mi tng, khch hng cn c th di chuyn t
tng ny ln tng trn hoc xung tng di theo cu thang c nh vi thi gian l S giy.
Yu cu: Xc nh thi gian nh nht T cn thit mt khch hng c th di chuyn t tng X
n tng Y. Gi thit l 1 E1, E2, W1, W2, S 1000.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn LMOVE.INP
Dng u tin cha hai s E1, W1.
Dng th hai cha hai s E2, W2.
Dng th ba cha s S
Dng th t cha hai s X, Y.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn LMOVE.OUT thi gian T tm c
Cc s trn mt dng ca input file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
LMOVE.INP
2 25
4 15
10
85 43
LMOVE.OUT
96
Cch di chuyn ti u vi d liu trn nh sau:

ang tng 85, ch thang loi I:
25 giy
Tt xung tng 80:
2giy x 5 = 10 giy
15 giy
Ch thang loi II:
Tt xung tng 40:
4giy x 4 = 16 giy
Di chuyn theo cu thang ln tng 43: 10giy x 3 = 30 giy
Tng cng:
96 giy
73
064. TRNG S XU
Xt tp ch ci A = {I, W, N}. Mt t l mt dy lin tip khng qu 6 k t ca A.
Cho mt danh sch L gm m t phn bit.
Mi t trong danh sch c gn mt trng s dng 60000.
Nhng t khng c trong danh sch mang trng s 0.
Xt mt xu S ch gm cc k t trong A. Trng s ca xu S c tnh bng tng trng s cc t
trong S. (Cc t trong S c lit k di dng cc on k t lin tip ca S tnh c vic giao nhau
v cha nhau)
Yu cu: Cho trc danh sch L v di n 100. Hy tm xu S = S1S2...Sn c trng s nh
nht. Nu c nhiu xu S u c trng s nh nht th ch cn ch ra mt xu.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn STR.INP
Dng 1: Ghi hai s n, m cch nhau mt du cch.
m cp dng tip theo, cp dng th i gm 2 dng:
Dng th nht ghi t th i trong danh sch L
Dng th hai ghi trng s ca t
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STR.OUT gm 2 dng:
Dng 1: Ghi trng s ca t S tm c
Dng 2: Ghi xu k t S
V d:
STR.INP
8 10
I
13
W
6
N
12
II
6
NI
6
IIN
13
WWW
7
WNN
23
NWW
18
NWN
0
STR.OUT
62
WWIWWIWW
STR.INP
8 8
W
10
I
10
N
30
WI
1
WW
10
II
11
WIW
2
IWI
3
STR.OUT
98
IWIWIWIW
74
065. PH MAY MN
Ngi dn thnh ph Byteland c rt nhiu iu king k trong cuc sng. Theo quan im ca h,
cc s 2, 6, 13 v nhiu s khc khng mang li iu may mn. Trong khi , cc s 3, 5, 7 li rt
c a chung. Nhng ngi nh c s m khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t ch cha cc tha s
3, 5, 7 c coi l may mn v c mua rt nhanh.
Sau mt thi gian di tho lun, Hi ng thnh ph quyt nh nh s tt c cc ngi nh trn mt
ng ph mi m bng cc s may mn lin tip nhau, bin ph thnh mt ph may mn. K
hiu dy cc s may mn l X1, X2, X3, X4, ... Khi cc nh bn tri s mang s X1, X3, X5. Cn
dy nh bn phi s mang s X2, X4, X6, ... Ton b ng ph c khng qu 4000 nh.
Hy xc nh xem mt s cho trc c phi l mt s nh ph may mn khng. Nu ng th
cho bit nh nm bn phi hay bn tri ca ph.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn STREET.INP gm khng qu 100000 dng, mi dng cha mt s
nguyn dng khng qu 18 ch s.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STREET.OUT, gm nhiu dng, mi dng tng ng vi mt s
file d liu vo v cha mt trong ba ch ci L, R, N tng ng vi nh bn tri, bn phi hay
khng phi s nh ph may mn.
Lu : Dy s may mn c tnh bt u t X1=3.
V d:
STREET.INP
5
3
4
98415
12814453125
STREET.OUT
R
L
N
R
L
75

Trong mt thnh ph c:
m ng ph (hai chiu) song song chy thng dc theo hng Tyng, tin, ta gi cc
ng ph l H1, H2,..., Hm theo th t t Bc xung Nam.
n ng ph (hai chiu) song song chy thng theo hng BcNam, ta gi cc ng ph
l V1, V2, ..., Vn theo th t t Ty sang ng
Hai ng ph vung gc bt k ct nhau to thnh mt nt giao thng. Ngoi tr hai nt giao
thng nm v tr gc ng-Nam v gc Ty-Bc nhng nt giao thng khc c th gn n tn
hiu giao thng hai trng thi:
0. Trng thi EW: Xanh hng ng v Ty, hng Bc v Nam.
1. Trng thi NS: Xanh hng Bc v Nam, hng ng v Ty.
Mi n tn hiu c mt chu k thi gian ring, c sau mi chu k thi gian , n i trng thi
mt ln. Ti thi im 0, cc n tn hiu u trng thi 0 (EW).
gi an ton, lut giao thng quy nh: Khi xe ti mt nt giao thng t mt hng no ng
vo thi im n tn hiu theo hng ang hay chuyn sang th buc phi dng li, ng
vo thi im n tn hiu theo hng ang Xanh hay chuyn sang Xanh th c th i thng, r
phi hay r tri tu .
Trn mt ng ph, thi gian xe i gia hai nt giao thng lin tip c nh l 1 n v thi gian.
Yu cu: Cho bit s giao thng v cc n tn hiu. Cho mt xe xut pht ti thi im 0 t
nt giao thng gc Ty-Bc. Tm hnh trnh v thi im sm nht xe ti nt giao thng
gc ng-Nam.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn TRAFFIC.INP
Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng m, n (m, n 100)
Dng 2: Ghi s k l s n hiu giao thng
k dng tip theo, dng th i gm 3 s nguyn dng x, y, t cho bit n hiu th i nm giao
im ca ng Hx v Vy c chu k l t (t 10000).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TRAFFIC.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi thi im sm nht xe chy t gc Ty-Bc ti gc ng-Nam
Dng 2: Ghi mt dy k t, k t th p {w, E, W, S, N} cho bit trong khong thi gian t p1 ti p, xe trong trng thi ng i hay chy theo hng ng, Ty, Nam hay Bc (theo th t
w, E, W, S, N ).
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
TRAFFIC.INP
3 4
9
1 2 2
1 3 2
1 4 3
2 1 4
2 2 2
2 3 1
2 4 2
3 1 10
3 3 4
TRAFFIC.OUT
6
ESEwSE
W
S
10
76
067. PHN NHM

Cho n hc sinh v m c im (n 100), (m 10).
Cn phn cc hc sinh ny thnh mt s t cc nhm nht m bo rng ta ch cn quan tm
ti mt s t nht cc c im l c th phn bit c cc hc sinh trong ni b mt nhm.
Ch :
1. Trc tin phi tho mn yu cu t nhm nht, trong cc cch chia t nhm nht m vn c
th phn bit c cc hc sinh trong mt nhm th ch ra mt cch chia phi dng t c
im nht.
2. Tp cc c im c chn phi s dng c trn tt c cc nhm phn bit hc sinh.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn GROUP.INP
Dng 1 ghi hai s n, m
n dng tip theo, dng th i m t c im ca hc sinh th i: Gm c m s nguyn m s th j
l 1 hay 0 tu theo hc sinh th i c hay khng c c im j.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GROUP.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s nhm chia ra c
Dng 2: Ghi cc c im c chn phn bit cc hc sinh trong ni b cc nhm
k dng tip theo, dng th p ghi cc hc sinh trong nhm p
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
GROUP.INP
10 4
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
GROUP.OUT
2
1 2 4
2 5 10 1 6
4 3 9 7 8
GROUP.INP
10 4
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 0
GROUP.OUT (Khng ti u)
2
1 2 3 4
1 2 5 6 7 10
3 4 8 9
77
068. TUA DU LCH R NHT

Mt khu thng cnh gm n im nh s t 1 ti n (n 100) v m ng i hai chiu gia cc cp
a im , chi ph i trn cc ng i l bit trc ( 10000).
Mt Tour du lch l mt hnh trnh xut pht t mt a im i thm 2 a im khc v quay tr
v im xut pht, ngoi tr a im xut pht, khng a im no b thm ti hai ln. Chi ph ca
mt Tour du lch l tng chi ph cc qung ng i qua.
Yu cu: Hy tm Tour du lch c chi ph r nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn TOUR.INP
Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng n, m
m dng tip theo mi dng c dng x y c. Cho bit c ng i trc tip ni a im x vi a
im y v chi ph i qung ng l c.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TOUR.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s 1 nu nh tn ti hnh trnh theo yu cu, ghi s 0 nu khng tn ti hnh trnh.
Nu dng u tin ghi s 1:
Dng th 2 ghi chi ph ca tour tm c
Dng th 3 ghi s k l s a im ti thm
Dng th 4 gm k s, s th i l a im ti thm th i trong tour, quy c a im thm
u tin l a im xut pht, a im thm th k (a im cui cng) l a im m t
quay tr li im xut pht kt thc hnh trnh.
V d:
TOUR.INP
5 10
1 3 2
2 4 2
3 5 2
4 1 2
5 2 2
1 2 10
2 3 9
3 4 10
4 5 8
5 1 9
TOUR.OUT
1
10
5
3 5 2 4 1
1
9
10
2
2
2
2
8
2
4
10
78
069. DU LCH NHIU TUA NHT

Mt khu thng cnh gm n im nh s t 1 ti n (n 200) v m ng i hai chiu gia cc cp
a im .
Mt Tour du lch l mt hnh trnh xut pht t mt a im i thm 2 a im khc v quay tr
v im xut pht, ngoi tr a im xut pht, khng a im no b thm ti hai ln.
Yu cu: Hy tm mt s tour du lch nhiu nht sao cho mi tour du lch tm c u c mt
on ng ring hon ton khng c mt trong cc tua du lch cn li.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn TOURS.INP
Dng 1: Ghi hai s n, m
m dng tip theo mi dng c dng x y cho bit gia hai a im x v y c ng i trc tip.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TOURS.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s tour du lch tm c
k dng tip theo, dng th i m t tour du lch th i: bt u l s a im thm c trong
tour, tip theo l danh sch cc a im theo th t trong hnh trnh bt u t a im xut
pht cho ti kt thc l a im m t quay li im xut pht kt thc hnh trnh
V d:
TOURS.INP
5 10
1 3
2 4
3 5
4 1
5 2
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 1
TOURS.OUT
6
3 3 2 1
4 4 3 2 1
3 4 3 2
5 5 4 3 2 1
4 5 4 3 2
3 5 4 3
79
070. PHN CNG

C m th v n cng vic, cc th nh s t 1 ti m v cc vic nh s t 1 ti n. Mi th c kh
nng thc hin mt s cng vic no .
Khi giao vic cho cc th thc hin, i vi mt ngi th th h s thc hin cc cng vic c
giao mt cch tun t v lin tc (sequence), lm mi vic mt mt n v thi gian. Nhng i vi
nhiu th th cc cng vic ca h c thc hin song song (paralell), vic ca ai ngi y lm,
khng nh hng ti tin ca ngi khc.
Hy tm cc phn cng cng vic cho cc th tt c cc cng vic c thc hin, mi vic ch
phn cho mt th v thi gian hon thnh tt c cc cng vic l nhanh nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn ASSIGN.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s nguyn dng m v n (1 m 100; 1 n 500)
m dng tip theo, dng i cha danh sch cc cng vic m th i c th thc hin, c thm mt
k hiu kt thc l s 0.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ASSIGN.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c tn ti cch phn cng thc hin tt c cc cng
vic hay khng.
Nu dng 1 ghi t YES:
Dng 2: Ghi thi gian nhanh nht c th hon thnh cc cng vic
m dng tip theo, dng i ghi danh sch cc cng vic c phn cho th i, ghi thm mt k
hiu kt thc l s 0.
V d:
ASSIGN.INP
4 10
1 2 3 4 5 0
4 5 6 7 8 0
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0
ASSIGN.OUT
YES
3
3 4 5 0
6 7 8 0
2 9 0
1 10 0
80
071. NHN TIN

Mt kho hc c n hc vin nh s t 1 ti n, mi hc vin c th bit s in thoi ca mt vi
hc vin khc.
Hc vin A c th nhn tin cho hc vin B nu nh hc vin A bit s in thoi ca hc vin B.
Lu rng vic bit s in thoi y khng phi quan h i xng: C th hc vin A bit s
in thoi ca hc vin B nhng hc vin B hon ton khng bit s in thoi ca hc vin A.
Thy gio nm c tt c s in thoi ca cc hc vin trong h s ca trung, hi khi thy
gio mun nhn tin ti tt c cc hc vin trong kho, thy gio s phi nhn trc tip ti mt s
t nht cc hc vin no thng ip n c tt c cc hc vin khc.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MESSAGE.INP
Dng 1 cha s n (n 700)
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s nguyn dng x, y (x y: 1 x, y n) cho ta thng
tin: hc vin x bit s in thoi ca hc vin y
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MESSAGE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s hc sinh c thy gio nhn tin trc tip khi cn
Dng 2: Ghi k s hiu ca cc hc sinh c thy gio nhn tin trc tip
V d:
MESSAGE.INP
12
1 3
3 6
6 1
6 8
8 12
12 9
9 6
2 4
4 5
5 2
4 6
7 10
10 11
11 7
10 9
MESSAGE.OUT
2
7 2
2
1
4
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
11
Gii hn khng gian v thi gian: 512KB - 1 giy
81
072. CC S IN THOI
Ngy nay bn phi nh qu nhiu s in thoi m chng li ngy cng di hn. Mt trong nhng
cch d ghi nh cc con s nh vy l thay th cc ch s bng ch ci theo mt qui c no .
V d nh ta c th thay:
1 = ij
2 = abc
3 = def
4 = gh
5 = kl 6 = mn
7 = prs
8 = tuv
9 = wxy 0 = oqz
Bng cch ny, mi t hoc mt nhm t c th gn cho mt s duy nht, v v th bn c th nh
cc t thay v cc con s. V d s in thoi ca ngi bn chi c 941837296 th c th nh bi
t WHITE PAWN cn s in thoi ca mt thy gio 8322437 th c th nh bng t TEACHER
th d nh hn nhiu so vi cc con s di dng .
Cho bit cc php thay th s bng ch ci, v mt t in. Hy tm mt dy gm t nht cc t
gn cho con s cn ghi nh cho trc. Mi t c th dng nhiu ln.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn PHONE.INP
10 dng u tin, dng th i ghi danh sch cc ch ci c th dng thay cho s i - 1.
Dng 11 ghi con s cn ghi nh (khng qu 100 ch s)
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt t trong t in, mi t gm khng qu 50 ch ci ting
Anh in thng. K hiu kt thc t in l dng cui cng ghi du #. S t trong t in khng
qu 50000.
Trong Input File hon ton khng cha du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PHONE.OUT
Dng th nht: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c php gn dy t cho s cho hay khng ?
Nu dng th nht ghi t YES, dng th hai, ghi danh sch cc t ghp li theo ng th t
s c s cho, cc t ghi cch nhau t nht mt du trng.
V d:
PHONE.INP
oqz
ij
abc
def
gh
kl
mn
prs
tuv
wxy
7325189087
it
your
reality
real
our
#
PHONE.OUT
YES
reality our
82
073. GI TR LN NHT
Mt s nguyn dng x gi l con ca s nguyn dng y nu ta c th xo bt mt s ch s ca y
c x.
Cho hai s a v b hy tm s c l con ca c a v b sao cho gi tr ca c l ln nht c th.
Rng buc: 1 a, b 10100, D liu vo lun c nghim.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn NUMBER.INP
Dng th nht cha s a
Dng th hai cha s b
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NUMBER.OUT
Ghi ra trn mt dng s c.
V d:
NUMBER.INP
123456781234
567812345678
NUMBER.OUT
56781234
NUMBER.INP
2468013579
1234567890
NUMBER.OUT
24689
83
074. NT GIAO THNG TRNG IM

Trong mt ng ph c n nt giao thng v m ng hai chiu ni trc tip cc cp nt giao thng
, gia hai nt giao thng bt k c khng qu mt ng i trc tip.
Mt nt giao thng c c gi l trng im nu tn ti hai nt giao thng a v b (a, b, c i mt
khc nhau) sao cho:
Gia a v b c t nht mt ng i theo cc ng ph cho
Nu nt c b tc th khng c cch no i t a sang b. Hay ni cch khc, mi ng i t a ti b
chc chn phi qua c.
Cho bit s giao thng ca thnh ph, hy xc nh cc nt giao thng trng im.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CNODE.INP
Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng n, m (n 1000; m 10000)
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng u v, cho ta thng tin: Gia hai nt giao
thng u v v c mt ng i trc tip.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CNODE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s nt giao thng trng im
Dng 2: Ghi ch s ca cc nt giao thng trng im, cc ch s ny phi lit k i mt khc
nhau.
V d:
CNODE.INP
13 14
1 3
3 6
6 4
4 1
4 2
2 5
5 7
7 4
6 9
9 8
8 4
8 10
11 12
5 12
CNODE.OUT
4
4 5 8 12
12
11
8
9
13
10
84
075. TP KT
Mt bn c kch thc nxn (2 n 100) trong nh du mt s cm. Trn bn c c k qun
m ang ng nhng v tr no (1 k 100). Cn i nhng qun m ny n k v tr tp kt
(mi qun m mt v tr). Trong qu trnh di chuyn, m khng c nhy n cc cm nhng c
th nhy n c nhng qun m khc ang ng. Vai tr ca cc qun m v cc v tr tp kt
l nh nhau (mt qun m c th cho i ti bt k v tr tp kt no nu c ng nhy). trng thi
ban u k v tr xut pht v k v tr tp kt c cho hon ton phn bit
Yu cu: Lp chng trnh xc nh cch i cc qun m sao cho tng s bc i ca cc qun
m l nh nht.
S
S D
C
S C
C C
S D D
C
D
D liu: Vo t file vn bn HORSES.INP
Dng 1: Ghi s n (n 100
n dng tip theo, dng i, ghi n k t th hin hng i ca bn c. K t th i l:
".": Th hin trng
"C": Th hin cm
"S": Th hin c m ang ng
"D": Th hin v tr tp kt
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn HORSES.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s m l tng bc di chuyn a cc qun m v v tr tp kt. Nu khng c
cch tp kt th ghi s -1.
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi 4 s x1 y1 x2 y2 cch nhau t nht mt du cch, cho bit ti
bc th i s di chuyn mt qun m t (x1, y1) n (x2, y2)
V d:
HORSES.INP
6
C.C..S
...SD.
..C...
..SC..
CC.SDD
C....D
HORSES.OUT
7
5 4 4 6
4 6 2 5
4 3 5 5
1 6 3 5
3 5 5 6
2 4 4 5
4 5 6 6
85
076. MI KHCH D TIC

Cng ty trch nhim hu hn "Vui v" c n cn b nh s t 1 ti n. Cn b th i c nh gi
vui tnh l hi. Ngoi tr gim c cng ty, mi ngi u c mt th trng trc tip ca mnh.
Bn cn gip cng ty mi mt nhm cn b n d d tic "Nhng ngi thch a" sao cho
tng nh gi vui tnh ca nhng ngi d tic l ln nht, vi yu cu: trong s nhng
ngi c mi khng ng thi c mt nhn vin cng th trng trc tip ca ngi .
D liu: Vo t file vn bn GUEST.INP
Dng u tin ghi s cn b cng ty: n (2 n 10000)
n dng tip theo, dng th i gm hai s t nhin bi, hi cho ta thng tin, ngi th i c th trng
trc tip l bi v vui tnh l hi. Nu nh bi = 0 th ta hiu i l gim c cng ty.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GUEST.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s ngi c mi (k) v tng vui tnh ca nhng ngi (m)
k dng tip, mi dng ghi s hiu mt ngi c mi ti d tic.

D liu vo c cho ng n: khng tn ti mt dy x1, x2, ..., xp, xp+1 = x1 m ngi i l
th trng trc tip ca ngi i + 1 (i: 1 i p) .
Khng nht thit phi mi gim c cng ty
V d:
GUEST.INP
10
2 9
3 7
4 8
0 10
4 2
5 11
6 6
6 4
4 6
9 6
GUEST.OUT
4 36
1
4
6
10
86
077. KHI PHC NGOC

Mt dy du ngoc hp l l mt dy cc k t "(" v ")" c nh ngha nh sau:
i.
Dy rng (khng c k t no) l mt dy du ngoc hp l
ii.
Nu A l mt dy du ngoc hp l th (A) l dy du ngoc hp l. Du ngoc m v du
ngoc ng hai bn dy A c gi l tng ng vi nhau
iii. Nu A v B l hai dy du ngoc hp l th AB l dy du ngoc hp l.
V d: ((()))(())()() l mt dy du ngoc hp l. cc du m ngoc cc v tr: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 13
tng ng ln lt vi cc du ng ngoc cc v tr: 6, 5, 4, 10, 9, 12, 14.
Ban u c mt dy du ngoc hp l, ngi ta vit vo di mi du ngoc m mt s l s du
ngoc (c ng v m) nm gia du ngoc m v du ngoc ng tng ng:
(
(
(
4
2
0
Sau xo i dy ngoc.
(
2
(
0
(
0
(
0
Yu cu: Cho bit dy s cn li, hy khi phc li dy ngoc ban u

D liu: Vo t file vn bn BRACKETS.INP
Dng 1: Ghi s n l s phn t ca dy s cn li (n 10000)
Dng 2: Ghi ln lt cc s trong dy
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BRACKETS.OUT
Gm 1 dng ghi dy du ngoc khi phc c
V d:
BRACKETS.INP
7
4 2 0 2 0 0 0
BRACKETS.OUT
((()))(())()()
BRACKETS.INP
10
8 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
BRACKETS.OUT
((())()())(()())()()
87
078. DY XCH
Mt dy xch l mt cy c tnh cht: Tn ti mt ng i sao cho mi nh treo phi k vi ng
mt nh trn ng i . Vi mi dy xch, ng i ny khng nht thit phi duy nht.
5
10
11
12
13
Cho mt dy xch vi cc nt c nh s 1..n (2 n 10000). Hy tm cch gn cho mi nh

i mt nhn Lab(i); 1 Lab(i) n sao cho cc iu kin sau c tho mn:
Hai nh khc nhau c hai nhn khc nhau
Khng c hai cnh no c cng gi tr tuyt i ca hiu cc nt hai u mt
6
11
10
12
13
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CHAIN.INP

Dng 1: ghi s n
n - 1 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai u mt ca mt cnh thuc xch
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CHAIN.OUT (Nu c nhiu li gii th ch cn chn mt)
Mt dng n s, s th i l Lab(i)
V d:
CHAIN.INP
13
1 2
1 5
1 6
1 9
1 10
2 7
2 11
2 3
3 4
4 8
4 12
4 13
CHAIN.OUT
7 2 10 1 6 5 8 11 4 3 9 12 13
88
079. PHN CNG

C n th v n vic (n 200), cc th c nh s t 1 ti n v cc vic cng c nh s t 1 ti
n. Vi th i v vic j no th c hai kh nng: Hoc th i khng lm c vic j, hoc lm c
vi chi ph l cij. (cij l s t nhin 109).
Hy phn cng cho mi th lm ng mt vic sao cho c th thc hin tt c cc cng vic vi
tng chi ph t nht c th.
Dng 1: Ghi s n
Cc dng tip, mi dng ghi ba s i j cij cho ta thng tin: Th i lm c vic j vi chi ph cij.
Dng 1: Ghi tng chi ph thc hin cc cng vic, nu khng tn ti cch phn cng th dng
ny ghi s -1.
Nu c phng n phn cng, n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s hiu vic c phn cho th i.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch
V d:
ASSIGN.INP
4
1 1 1
1 2 2
2 1 2
2 2 5
2 3 1
3 2 1
3 3 10
4 3 10
4 4 7
ASSIGN.OUT
10
1
3
2
4
ASSIGN.INP
10
2 2 6
2 3 1
2 6 5
5 5 14
7 3 10
8 7 15
8 9 10
ASSIGN.OUT
-1
89
080. DY CUNG
Trn mt phng vi h trc to Decattes vung gc, cho ng trn c tm O l gc to , bn
knh R. Trn ng trn O xt n im xanh v n im u c honh nguyn, tung khc 0.
Cc im c nh s th t t 1 n 2n v nm cc v tr hon ton phn bit.
Theo gi thit trn, thng tin v im th i c th cho bi b ba (Ci, Xi, Di) vi:
K t Ci {R, B}; Ci = R c ngha l im , Ci = B c ngha l im xanh
S nguyn Xi l honh im .
S nguyn Di {-1, 1}; Di = -1 tc l tung m (nm di trc honh), Di = 1 tc l tung
dng (nm trn trc honh).
D thy cch xc nh im ni trn l ng n.
Yu cu: Hy xc nh n dy cung ca ng trn tho mn:
i.
Mi dy cung phi ni mt im xanh vi mt im trong s cc im k trn
ii.
Cc dy cung i mt khng c im chung
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CHORDS.INP
Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng n, R cch nhau mt du cch (1 n 5000; 1 R 10001)
2n dng tip theo, dng th i cha thng tin v im th i:
u dng l k t Ci.
Tip theo l honh Xi (-R < Xi < R)
Tip theo l s nguyn Di
Ba thnh phn ny c ghi cch nhau ng mt du cch
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CHORDS.OUT
Gm n dng, mi dng ghi ch s hai im tng ng trn mt dy cung.
V d:
CHORDS.INP
4 3
B -1 1
R -1 -1
R 1 -1
B 0 1
R -2 -1
B 2 1
R 2 -1
B 0 -1
CHORDS.OUT
8 3
1 5
4 2
6 7
4
1
6
O(0,0)
7
2
3
8
90
081. M CUNG
Bn m cung c dng hnh ch nht kch thc mxn c chia thnh li vung n v bng
cc ng song song vi cc cnh (m hng, n ct). Mi vung ca bn c nh du hoc l
cm, hoc l t do. T mt t do c th di chuyn sang cc t do c chung cnh vi n.
Khng c php di chuyn vt khi bin ca m cung.
M cung c thit k kh c bit, gia hai t do bt k ch c duy nht mt cch di chuyn t
ny n kia m trong qu trnh di chuyn khng i ti bt k no qu mt ln. Ti tm ca
mi t do u c mt ci mc. Trong m cung c hai t do c bit, m nu bn ni c hai
ci mc hai bng mt si dy thng (tt nhin phi ni qua cc mc ca cc trung gian) th
cnh ca b mt ca m cung s t m ra.
Vn t ra l phi chu n b mt si dy thng vi di ngn nht m bo cho d hai c
bit c nm v tr no trong m cung, bn vn c th ni c hai ci mc hai bng si
dy chu n b.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn LABYR.INP
Dng u tin cha hai s n, m (3 m, n 1000)
Cc dng tip theo m t m cung, dng th i trong s m dng tip theo cha n k t, mi k t ch
l "#" hoc ".". Trong k t "#" cho bit v tr tng ng l b cm, cn k t "." cho bit
v tr tng ng l t do (1 i m).
Kt qu: Ghi ra trn mt dng ca file vn bn LABYR.OUT di ca si dy thng cn chuNn
b.
V d:
LABYR.INP
###
#.#
###
LABYR.OUT
0
LABYR.INP
8 10
########
.......#
.#.#.#.#
.#####.#
#....#.#
#.##.#.#
#.##...#
#.#.##.#
#.#.##.#
#.....##
LABYR.OUT
29
91
082. DU LCH KIU C

Mt khu thng cnh gm n im nh s t 1 ti n (n 200) v m ng i hai chiu ni gia cc
cp a im . Gia hai cp a im c nhiu nht l mt ng i trc tip. C hai a im c
bit: A v B.
Mt Tour du lch l mt hnh trnh ca du khch: Trc ht l p my bay xung a im A, sau
i b theo cc ng hai chiu cho ti a im B, v li i b quay tr v a im xut
pht A ri quay v bng my bay. trnh s nhm chn cho du khch, hnh trnh khng c
i qua on ng no nhiu hn mt ln.
Vn t ra l mt du khch c th n thm khu thng cnh nhiu ln. phc v khch
tham quan tt hn. Hy tm mt s tour du lch nhiu nht sao cho hai tour du lch bt k
tm c u khng tn ti mt on ng no chung.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn TOURS.INP
Dng 1: Ghi bn s n, m, A, B
m dng tip theo mi dng c dng x y cho bit gia hai a im x v y c ng i trc tip.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TOURS.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s tour du lch tm c
k dng tip theo, dng th i m t tour du lch th i: bt u t a im A tip theo l danh sch
cc a im theo th t trong hnh trnh ti a im B v tip theo l danh sch cc a im
theo th t trong hnh trnh quay tr li a im A. (Nh vy a im A l a im chc chn
phi c lit k hai ln).
V d:
TOURS.INP
5 10 1 2
1 3
2 4
3 5
4 1
5 2
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 5
5 1
TOURS.OUT
2
1 2 3 1
1 4 2 5 1
92
083. SA NG
Trong mt thnh ph c n nt giao thng v m ng ph hai chiu. Gia hai nt giao thng c
nhiu nht l mt ng ph ni chng. H thng giao thng m bo s i li gia hai nt bt k.
Sau mt thi gian di, cc ng ph xung cp nghim trng i hi ban qun l giao thng v
cng trnh th phi ln k hoch nng cp tt c cc ng ph. Khi mt ng ph ang trong
thi gian nng cp th s i li trn tuyn ng b cm. Xt v kh nng, vi phng tin k
thut hin i v lc lng nhn cng di do, ngi ta c th tin hnh nng cp cng lc k ng
ph, bt k ng ph no cng ch cn sa cha trong mt ngy. Tuy nhin v vn mun m bo
s i li gia hai nt giao thng bt k trong thi gian sa cha, ngi ta phi ln lch thi cng cc
tuyn ng mt cch hp l.
Yu cu: Hy xp lch thi cng thi gian nng cp ton b cc tuyn ng l ngn nh t.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SCHEDULE.INP
Dng 1: Ghi ba s nguyn dng n m k (2 ( n ( 100; 1 ( m ( n * (n - 1) / 2; 1 ( k ( 10).
m dng tip theo, mi dng c dng u v cho bit gia hai nt giao thng u v v c mt ng
ph ni chng.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SCHEDULE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s ngy ti thiu cn thc hin d n sa ng. Nu khng c phng n th
ch cn ghi s -1.
Nu c phng n xp lch, m dng tip theo, mi dng c dng u v p cho bit s phi tin hnh
sa cha on ng ni gia nt u v nt v trong ngy th p ca d n. (Ngy khi cng d n
l ngy th 1).
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
SCHEDULE.INP
5 10 5
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
2 3
2 4
2 5
3 4
3 5
4 5
SCHEDULE.OUT
2
1 2 1
1 3 2
1 4 2
1 5 2
2 3 1
2 4 2
2 5 1
3 4 1
3 5 2
4 5 1
93
084. I THI
Hng nm, sau khi cng b kt qu vng I k thi quc gia, B Gio dc v o to li t chc thi
tip vng II. Khc vi vng I, tt c cc th sinh u phi tp trung ti H Ni tham d k thi
din ra trong k ngy.
Bn H Ni c n nt giao thng v m ng ph hai chiu. Gia hai nt giao thng bt k c
nhiu nht mt ng ph ni chng. Khch sn (ni ca cc th sinh) nm nt giao thng 1 v
a im thi nm nt giao thng n.
Nhng hc sinh xa ti H Ni mun kt hp i thm cc ng ph ca th . Vi bn H
Ni trong tay v k thut lp trnh siu ng, cc bn thng vch k hoch i v v trong k ngy
thi, m ngoi tr nt 1 v nt n, khng i qua nt giao thng no khc qu mt ln.
Yu cu: C nhiu kh nng bn s l ngi tham d k thi vng II, hy cho bit k hoch i thi
v quay tr v khch sn ca bn trong c k ngy thi.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn THI.INP
Dng 1: Ghi ba s nguyn dng n, m, k (2 n 100; 1 k 40)
m dng tip theo, mi dng c dng u v cho bit gia hai nt giao thng u v v c mt ng
ph ni chng.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn THI.OUT
Dng u tin: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c phng n i thc hin yu cu ra hay khng
Trong trng hp c phng n i v, 2k dng tip theo c hai dng ghi hnh trnh trong mt
ngy thi.
Dng 1: Ghi danh sch cc nt giao thng i qua khi i thi, theo ng th t: bt u l nt 1,
tip theo l cc nt trung gian, kt thc l nt n.
Dng 2: Ghi danh sch cc nt giao thng i qua khi tr v, theo ng th t: bt u l nt
n, tip theo l cc nt trung gian, kt thc l nt 1.
V d:
THI.INP
10 17 2
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
2 4
2 8
3 5
3 9
4 6
4 7
5 6
6 8
6 10
7 9
7 10
8 10
9 10
THI.OUT
YES
1 2 8 10
10 9 3 1
1 4 7 10
10 6 5 1
1
10
5
94
085. MO KIU C
Gia sc mt khu lng ven rng hay b mt con h d n bt trm, dn lng th o h by
nhng v hiu bi h c ch s IQ trn mc trung bnh. Sau mt thi gian b h quy ph, ngi ta
pht hin ra rng con h ny rt khoi Tiger Beer!!!, v khi h ung bia lc i th rt c th s b
say v ri xung h.
Dn lng mun tm cch t cc thng bia v o h trn mi ng i t rng ti lng, h
s phi gp t nht mt thng bia v SAU gp t nht mt ci h. V chi ph o mt ci h
ln hn rt nhiu so vi tin mua mt thng bia, nn dn lng mun chn trong cc phng n
phi o t h nht ra phng n phi dng t thng bia nht.
Bn c nh du bng n a im m ti nhng a im ny khng th o h cng nh t
bia, rng l a im 1 v lng a im n. Gia hai a im bt k c nhiu nht l mt ng
mn ni chng v trn on ng ch c o mt h hoc ch t mt thng bia hoc khng
o h cng chng t bia.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn TIGER.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n (2 n 100)
Cc dng tip, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng u, v cho bit gia hai a im u v v c mt
ng mn ni chng.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TIGER.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi t YES nu c phng n ngn khng cho h vo lng, ghi NO trong trng hp
ngc li
Trong trng hp c phng n:
Dng tip theo ghi s h phi o (P)
P dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt cp s x y cho bit phi o h trn con ng ni a
im x vi a im y.
Dng tip theo ghi s thng bia phi t (Q)
Q dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt cp s z t cho bit phi t thng bia trn con ng ni
a im z vi a im t.
V d:
TIGER.INP
9
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
2 4
3 5
4 5
4 6
5 7
6 8
6 9
7 8
7 9
8 9
TIGER.OUT
YES
2
4 6
5 7
4
2 1
3 1
4 1
5 1
95
086. THNH PH TRN SAO HO

u th k 21, ngi ta thnh lp mt d n xy dng mt thnh ph trn sao Ho th k 22 con
ngi c th sng v sinh hot . Gi s rng trong th k 22, phng tin giao thng ch yu s
l cc phng tin giao thng cng cng nn i li gia hai a im bt k trong thnh ph,
ngi ta c th yn tm chn ng i ngn nht m khng s b tr gi do kt xe. Khi m hnh
thnh ph c chuyn ln Internet, c rt nhiu kin phn nn v tnh hp l ca n, c bit, tt
c cc kin u cho rng h thng ng ph nh vy l qu nhiu, lm tng chi ph xy dng
cng nh bo tr.
Hy b i mt s ng trong d n xy dng thnh ph, tho mn:
Nu gia hai a im bt k trong d n ban u c t nht mt ng i th s sa i ny
khng lm nh hng ti di ng i ngn nht gia hai a im .
Tng di nhng ng ph c gi li l ngn ti tiu.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CITY.INP, cha bn d n.
Dng th nht: Ghi s a im n v s ng ph m (Gia hai a im bt k c nhiu nht l
mt ng ph ni chng); n 200; 0 m n * (n - 1) / 2.
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ba s nguyn dng u, v, c: cho bit c ng hai chiu ni
gia hai a im u, v v di con ng l c.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CITY.OUT, cha kt qu sau khi sa i.
Dng th nht ghi hai s k, d. y k l s ng ph cn li cn d l tng di ca cc
ng ph cn li.
k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng p, q: cho bit cn phi gi li con ng
ni a im p vi a im q.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
CITY.INP
10 12
1 2 1
1 5 1
2 6 7
3 4 1
3 7 2
4 8 8
5 6 3
6 7 1
6 9 2
7 8 5
7 10 8
9 10 4
CITY.OUT
9 20
1 2
1 5
3 4
3 7
5 6
6 7
6 9
7 8
9 10
2
7
1
5
2
1
8
7
8
9
10
96
087. R BT XY NH
C mt s con R-bt xy nh trn mt mnh t hnh vung, mnh t c chia thnh li
vung n v kch thc nxn. V R-bt c lp trnh xy nh kh my mc, nn hai ngi nh do
cng mt con R-bt xy nn s c kch thc v hnh dng y ging ht nhau (C th t chng
kht ln nhau qua mt php di hnh), hai ngi nh do hai con R-bt khc nhau xy nn th c t
nht mt khc nhau.
Khi cng trnh hon thnh, cc ngi nh c xy hon ton tch bit (khng c hai ngi nh no
chung , chung tng, nhng c th chung gc tng). Bn ca khu t c chp nh v m
ho di dng mt ma trn vung A kch thc nxn, trong aij = 1 cho bit (i, j) ca mnh t
thuc mt ngi nh no cn aij = 0 cho bit (i, j) ca mnh t vn cn trng.
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Vn t ra l khi c bn khu nh trong tay, hy xc nh s con r bt tham gia xy nh v

ch r con r bt no xy ngi nh no.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn HOUSES.INP
Dng 1: Ghi s nguyn dng n (n 100).
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s, s th j l aij
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn HOUSES.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s con r-bt tham gia xy nh (k).
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s, s th j l bij. y, nu aij = 0 th bij = 0, nu aij = 1 th bij
l s hiu con r bt xy ngi nh cha (i, j). Cc con r-bt c nh s t 1 n k theo th
t tu thch.
V d:
HOUSES.INP
9
1 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
HOUSES.OUT
4
1 1 1 0 2 0
1 0 0 0 2 2
1 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 3 0 0
1 0 0 3 0 0
0 0 3 3 0 4
1 0 0 0 0 4
1 0 1 0 0 4
1 1 1 1 1 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
2
0
0
0
0
3
3
3
97
088. T DUY KIU C

Mt phn mm nh c ngi phn tch thit k chia lm n cng on v giao cho hai lp trnh
vin thc hin. Mi lp trnh vin s ln lt vit cc on trnh c giao mt cch tun t, v tin
hnh song song vi lp trnh vin cn li. (Bi phong cch lp trnh ny yu cu tun th tuyt i
thit k ban u, khng c bt ngi kia lm theo mnh lm nh hng ti tin ).
Trong hai lp trnh vin, c mt ngi chuyn lp trnh PASCAL v mt ngi chuyn lp trnh
C++. iu khng gy kh khn nhiu bi h s dch cc on trnh di dng cc th vin lin
kt ngoi v sau ch cn lp rp li l xong. Tuy nhin, c th c nhng cng on m lp trnh
vin PASCAL vit nhanh hn v cng c th c nhng cng on khc anh ta vit chm hn lp
trnh vin C++.
Yu cu:
Cho bit thi gian d kin lp trnh vin PASCAL vit on trnh th i l pi pht, thi gian d
kin lp trnh vin C++ vit on trnh th j l cj pht. Hy phn mi cng on cho ng
mt ngi vit thi gian hon thnh phn mm l nhanh nht.
Rng buc: n, pi, cj (1 i, j n) l cc s nguyn dng khng qu 100.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SOFTWARE.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n
Cc dng tip theo, cha cc s t p1 n pn ri t c1 n cn theo ng th t .
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SOFTWARE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi thi gian cn hon thnh ht c n cng on
Dng 2: Ghi s hiu cc cng on c giao cho lp trnh vin PASCAL thc hin
Dng 3: Ghi s hiu cc cng on c giao cho lp trnh vin C++ thc hin
V d:
SOFTWARE.INP
6
10 100 30 50 50 80
100 30 40 40 60 90
SOFTWARE.OUT
130
1 3 6
2 4 5
98
089. 8-3, TNG HOA KIU C

Nhn ngy 8 - 3, mt bn nam trong lp mun tng hoa cho mt bn n m s thch ca bn n ny
k quc n mc ch c ... my tnh mi hiu c. Chng hn nh bn n ny cho rng trong b
hoa c tng, c hoa hng th phi c hoa cc, c hoa cc th phi c hoa phng, m c
hoa phng th li phi c ... hoa hng. V nu nh ai em tng c ta mt b hoa khng ng th th
khng tng cn hn bi hu qu ra sao th cng ch c my tnh mi bit c.
Yu cu:
Hy chn mt b hoa gm t loi hoa nht m vn ph hp vi s thch ca bn n kh tnh .
D liu: Vo t file vn bn FLOWERS.INP
Dng 1: Ghi s n l s lng cc loi hoa (1 <= n <= 200)
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s u v v cho bit: Nu tng loi hoa u th s phi tng
lun c loi hoa v.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FLOWERS.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s nguyn dng k l s loi hoa chn ra c
Dng 2: Ghi s hiu ca k loi hoa c chn
V d:
FLOWERS.INP
12
1 2
2 7
3 1
4 6
5 4
6 5
6 12
7 3
8 6
8 7
8 9
9 12
10 9
11 9
11 10
12 11
FLOWERS.OUT
4
9 10 11 12
2
10
12
11
V nh: Cho bit gi tin mi loi hoa, hy chn mt b hoa r tin nht!!!
99

Cho mt t W di n, ngi ta c mt cch m ho nh sau: V d vi t BANANA.
Bc 1: Xt n hon v vng quanh ca W:
BANANA
ANANAB
NANABA
ANABAN
NABANA
ABANAN
Bc 2: Sp xp n hon v vng quanh theo th t t in:
ABANAN
ANABAN
ANANAB
BANANA (*)
NABANA
NANABA
Bc 3:
Gi k l v tr ca t ban u trong dy hon v vng quanh sau khi sp xp ( y k l 4).
Ly ca mi hon v vng quanh (theo ng th t sau khi sp xp theo th t t in) mt k t
cui v ghp thnh mt t W' ( y W' = 'NNBAAA')
Ta gi cp (W', k) l m cng khai ca t W.
Yu cu 1:
Vit mt chng trnh c file vn bn ENCODE.INP gm nhiu dng, mi dng cha mt t.
Tng ng vi mi t W trn mt dng, hy m ho v ghi vo file vn bn ENCODE.OUT hai
dng l m cng khai ca t : dng 1 ghi t W', dng 2 ghi s k.
Yu cu 2:
Vit mt chng trnh khc c file vn bn DECODE.INP gm nhiu cp dng: C hai dng
lin tip cha mt m cng khai: dng 1 cha t W' v dng 2 ghi s k. Tng ng vi mi cp
dng , hy gii m v ghi vo file vn bn DECODE.OUT mt dng cha t W l t gii
m ra c.
Hai yu cu trn phi c thc hin c lp trn hai file chng trnh khc nhau.
Rng buc d liu: Cc t c cho lun khc rng, ch gm cc ch ci in thng v c di
khng qu 10000.
V d:
ENCODE.INP
qua
gi
ma
to
to
nhat
ENCODE.OUT
uaq
2
ig
1
ma
2
to
2
to
2
hnta
3
DECODE.INP
xin
3
utah
3
rnag
4
uaq
2
dta
2
DECODE.OUT
xin
thua
rang
qua
dat
100
091. BAO LI
Trn mt phng vi h to Decattes vung gc, cho n im khng ng thi thng hng. im
th i c to l (xi, yi).
(S n v cc to xi, yi u l s nguyn: 3 n 1000; -300 xi 300;-200 yi 200).
Hy tm mt a gic li c din tch nh nht m min ng gii hn bi bin a gic cha tt c
nhng im cho.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn BOUND.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi hai s xi, yi
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BOUND.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s m l s nh ca a gic
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn theo th t l honh v tung ca mt nh
a gic. Cc nh ca a gic khng c php c ba im thng hng v chng phi c lit
k theo ng th t lp thnh a gic.
V hnh m t kt qu tm c trn mn hnh ho.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch
V d:
BOUND.INP
10
0 -1
1 0
1 -3
2 4
3 -3
4 1
4 2
5 -1
6 -2
7 -1
BOUND.OUT
6
1 -3
3 -3
6 -2
7 -1
2 4
0 -1
101
092. GIAI THA

Giai tha ca mt s t nhin k, k hiu k! c nh ngha quy np nh sau:
0! = 1
k! = (k - 1)!.k (k 1)
Vn t ra l cho trc hai s t nhin m, n. (1 m n 106). Hy tm hai s t nhin a v b
vi mi s t nhin k ( [a, b] th k! c khng t hn m ch s v khng nhiu hn n ch s.
Nhng s t nhin khc nm ngoi on [a, b] khng c tnh cht ny.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn FDIGIT.INP gm mt dng cha hai s m, n cch nhau mt du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FDIGIT.OUT gm mt dng ghi hai s a, b cch nhau mt du cch.
Trong trng hp khng c s k no tho mn yu cu ra th ghi hai gi tr bt k a > b.
V d:
FDIGIT.INP
2 4
FDIGIT.OUT
4 7
FDIGIT.INP
12 12
FDIGIT.OUT
15 14
FDIGIT.INP
3 9
FDIGIT.OUT
5 12
102
093. PH SNG
D kin xy dng mng li pht thanh, truyn hnh mt a phng n c mt i pht v n
trm tip sng nh s t 1 ti n (n 1000). Trm th i c xy dng to (xi, yi). (Cc to
l s thc, -10000 xi, yi 10000). m bo tnh trung thc ca cc ngun tin, cc trm tip
sng ch c th nhn tn hiu trc tip t i pht. V nh vy c ngha l pht sng n tt c
cc trm thu, bn knh ph sng ca i pht phi ln ph ht cc trm tip sng. (Gi s
vng ph sng l hnh trn c tm l i pht).
Yu cu:
Hy tm v tr t i pht sao cho khong cch t trm xa nht ti i pht l ngn nht. Cho
bit bn knh ph sng trong phng n tm c ti thiu phi l bao nhiu.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn TELECOM.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n
n dng tip theo, dng th i cha hai s xi, yi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TELECOM.OUT
Ghi ba s thc x, y, r. y (x, y) l to t i pht v r l bn knh ph sng ca i pht (i
pht c th t trng to vi mt trm thu no ). Cc s thc ny phi c ly ti 6 ch s
sau du chm thp phn v phi ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch hoc du xung dng
V d
TELECOM.INP
8
0 0
200 300
200 0
200 200
0 200
100 300
300 100
100 0
TELECOM.OUT
121.428571 135.714286
182.107840
103
094. DY NGHCH TH
Cho x = (x1, x2, ..., xn) l mt hon v ca dy s (1, 2, ..., n).
Dy t = (t1, t2, ..., tn) c gi l dy nghch th ca dy hon v x nu n c xy dng nh sau:
ti := s phn t ng trc gi tr i m ln hn i trong dy x. (1 i n).
V d: Vi n = 6
Dy x = (3, 2, 1, 6, 4, 5) th dy nghch th ca n l (2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0)
Vn t ra l cho trc dy t, hy cho bit dy hon v x nhn t lm dy nghch th ca n.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn RECOVER.INP
Dng 1: Cha s nguyn dng n (n 5000).
Dng 2: Cha cc s t1, t2, ..., tn theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn RECOVER.OUT
Ch gm mt dng ghi cc s x1, x2, ..., xn cch nhau t nht mt du cch theo ng th t .
D liu vo c cho lun lun ng n c th tm ra nghim
V d:
RECOVER.INP
6
2 1 0 1 1 0
RECOVER.OUT
3 2 1 6 4 5
104
095. MUA HNG

Mt cng ty mun mua m my tnh. Sau khi ly thng tin ti n ca hng (1 n 10000), ngi ta
bit c rng ca hng th i c bn ai my tnh v vi gi mi my tnh l bi. (ai, bi l nhng s
nguyn dng: ai 100; bi 2000).
Gi s rng cc ca hng c my bn cho cng ty. Hy tm cch mua r nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn BUY.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
n dng tip theo, dng th i cha hai s ai, bi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BUY.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi tng s tin phi tr.
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s my tnh mua ca hng th i.
V d:
BUY.INP
22 5
3 30
5 10
6 8
10 5
2 20
BUY.OUT
168
0
5
6
10
1
105
096. XU CON CHUNG DI NHT

Xu k t X c gi l xu con ca xu k t Y nu ta c th xo i mt s k t trong xu Y
c xu X.
Cho bit hai xu k t A v B, hy tm xu k t C c di ln nht v l con ca c A v B.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn STR.INP

Dng 1: cha xu A
Dng 2: cha xu B
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STR.OUT
Ch gm mt dng ghi xu C tm c
V d:
STR.INP
abc1def2ghi3
abcdefghi123
STR.OUT
abcdefghi3
106
097. DY CON NGN NHT

Cho s nguyn dng n 1000 v n s t nhin a1, a2, ..., an. (i: ai 10000).
Yu cu:
Cho s nguyn dng m 10000, hy cho bit mt dy con ca dy a c tng bng m cha t
phn t nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SUBSEQ.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m
Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t .
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SUBSEQ.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s phn t ca dy con chn ra c, nu khng tn ti dy con c tng
bng m th ghi s -1.
Nu c phng n chn dy con, th dng 2 ghi ch s ca k phn t c chn (ghi theo th t
tu thch).
V d:
SUBSEQ.INP
10 220
10 30 50 70 90 20 40 60 80 100
SUBSEQ.OUT
3
8 5 4
107
098. BIN I DY S
Cho dy s nguyn dng a = (a1, a2, ..., an) (1 n 100; vi i: 1 ai 100). Xt hai loi php
bin i:
Php bin i +i: Tng ai ln 1 n v
Php bin i -i: Gim ai i 1 n v.
Yu cu:
Hy tm mt cch s dng t php bin i nht bin dy a tr thnh dy tho mn:
1 a1 < a2 < ... < an 100
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SEQ.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n
Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SEQ.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s m l s php bin i tm c
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt php bin i
V d:
SEQ.INP
5
4 1 6 7 4
SEQ.OUT
8
+5
+5
+5
+5
+2
-1
-1
-1
SEQ.INP
4
98 99 100 96
SEQ.OUT
7
+4
+4
+4
+4
-3
-2
-1
108
099. GI TR NH NHT
Mt s nguyn dng x gi l con ca s nguyn dng y nu ta c th xo bt mt s ch s ca y
c x.
Cho hai s nguyn dng a v b hy tm s c nhn c a v b l con, sao cho gi tr ca c l nh
nht c th.
Rng buc: 1 a, b 10100;
D liu: Vo t file vn bn NUMBER.INP
Dng th nht cha s a
Dng th hai cha s b
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NUMBER.OUT
Ghi ra trn mt dng s c.
V d:
NUMBER.INP
111999111
999111999
NUMBER.OUT
111999111999
NUMBER.INP
567812345678
123456781234
NUMBER.OUT
1234567812345678
109
100. NI DY
Cho hai ng thng song song nm ngang d1 v d2. Trn mi ng thng, ngi ta chn ly n
im phn bit v gn cho mi im mt s nguyn dng l nhn ca im :
Trn ng thng d1, im th i (theo th t t tri qua phi) c gn nhn l ai.
Trn ng thng d2, im th j (theo th t t tri qua phi) c gn nhn l bj.
y (a1, a2, ..., an) v (b1, b2, ..., bn) l nhng hon v ca dy s (1, 2, ..., n)
Yu cu: Hy ch ra mt s ti a cc on thng tho mn:
Mi on thng phi ni hai im c cng mt nhn: mt im trn ng thng d1 v mt
im trn ng thng d2.
Cc on thng i mt khng c im chung
2
d1
d2
D liu: Vo t file vn bn LINES.INP

Dng 1: Cha s nguyn dng n 5000
Dng 2: Cha n s ca dy hon v a1, a2, ..., an.
Dng 3: Cha n s ca dy hon v b1, b2, ..., bn.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn LINES.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s on thng ni c.
Dng 2: Ghi k nhn ca cc on thng c chn (nhn ca mi on thng l nhn ca im
u mt)
V d:
LINES.INP
6
2 3 1 5 6 4
3 2 5 6 1 4
LINES.OUT
4
4 6 5 3
LINES.INP
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 6 7 3 4 5
LINES.OUT
5
1 2 3 4 5
Cch cho im: Chm theo 10 Test, im ti a cho mi Test l 1.

i vi mi mt Test:
Nu chng trnh chy gp li, hoc ghi sai khun dng Output, hoc cho phng n ni dy
khng hp l (c hai on thng ct nhau), hoc chy qu 10 giy: 0 im.
Nu khng, im cho test s l: (S dy ni tm c / s dy ni ca p n)2.
110
101. GHI A
C n file nh s 1, 2, ..., n. File th i c kch thc l ai. Cho trc mt s a mm trng, dung
lng ca mi a l M.
Yu cu: Hy tm cch ghi file ln cc a mm sao cho s a mm phi dng l t nht. (Tt
nhin mi a khng th cha qu dung lng M v mi file phi nm gn trong mt a no
ch khng c ct nh v ghi vo nhiu a khc nhau).
Rng buc: 1 n 100; cc ai v M l cc s nguyn dng: 1 ai M 10000. i
D liu: Vo t file vn bn DISKS.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, M
Cc dng tip: Cha cc s t a1 n an theo ng th t
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DISKS.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s a phi dng
Dng th i trong k dng tip theo, ghi s hiu ca cc file c ghi vo a mm th i.
V d:
DISKS.INP
8 14
9
7
4
3
3
2 8
6
DISKS.OUT
3
1 4 6
7 8
2 3 5
Chng trnh khng c chy qu 5 giy cho mi Test.
111
102. NG I THOT M CUNG

Bn mt m cung hnh ch nht c chia thnh li vung kch thc mxn, trn mi (i, j)
ghi mt k t aij:
aij = '.' nu l an ton
aij = 'E' nu l c mt nh thm him ang ng, c ng mt ghi ch "E".
aij = 'X' nu l nguy him.
Ti mi thi im, nh thm him ch c di chuyn sang mt trong cc an ton k cnh vi
ang ng.
Yu cu: Hy tm hnh trnh di chuyn gip cho nh thm him thot ra mt nm bin ca
m cung.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn ESCAPE.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n cch nhau t nht mt du cch (1 m, n 100)
m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n k t, k t th j l aij.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ESCAPE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c tn ti ng i thot khi m cung hay khng
Nu dng 1 ghi t YES, cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s hng v ch s ct ca mt
trong hnh trnh cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Cc trn ng i phi c lit k theo
ng th t i qua, bt u t m nh thm him ang ng ti bin kt thc hnh trnh.
V d:
ESCAPE.INP
10 10
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XX.....XXX
XX.XXX.XXX
XX.EXX...X
XXXXXX.X.X
.......X.X
XXXXXXXX.X
.........X
XXXXXXXXXX
ESCAPE.OUT
YES
5 4
5 3
4 3
3 3
3 4
3 5
3 6
3 7
4 7
5 7
6 7
7 7
7 6
7 5
7 4
7 3
7 2
7 1
112
103. CHU TRNH C BN

Mt khu du lch c n a im nh s 1, 2, ..., n v mt s ng i hai chiu ni nhng cp a
im . Gia hai a im bt k c nhiu nht l mt ng i ni chng.
Mt khch du lch xut pht t a im S mun i thm mt s a im khc ri sau quay tr
v S. trnh s nhm chn, ng ta mun tm mt hnh trnh khng qua mt con ng hay mt
a im no qu mt ln (Tt nhin, ngoi tr a im S phi c mt trong hnh trnh hai ln bi
l ni bt u cng nh kt thc hnh trnh).
Yu cu: Hy ch ng cho du khch .
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CIRCUIT.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, S (3 n 200).
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s nguyn dng u, v cho ta thng tin: gia hai a im
u v v c mt ng i hai chiu ni chng.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CIRCUIT.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c tn ti hnh trnh tho mn yu cu ca du khch hay
khng
Nu dng 1 ghi t YES, dng 2 ghi hnh trnh tm c: Bt u l a im S, tip theo l danh
sch cc a im s i qua theo ng th t trong hnh trnh, cui cng li l a im S.
V d:
CIRCUIT.INP
7 1
1 2
1 5
1 7
2 3
2 4
3 4
5 6
6 7
CIRCUIT.OUT
YES
1 7 6 5 1
1
2
6
4
7
113
104. CT CY S
Mt mng li giao thng gm n thnh ph v m tuyn ng xa l hai chiu. Gia hai thnh ph
bt k c nhiu nht l mt xa l ni trc tip t thnh ph ny ti thnh ph kia. Trn mi xa l,
ngi ta dng sn cc ct cy s ch ng cho hnh khch.
in s km trn cc ct cy s, ngi ta s dng mt r-bt. Mun in cc ct cy s trn
mt tuyn ng (u, v) th r bt phi thc hin mt chuyn i t u ti v v mt chuyn i t v v
u, c sau mi km th dng li v ghi vo mt mt ca mt ct cy s.
V d: in cc ct cy s trn tuyn ng H Ni - Hi Phng. u tin r bt xut pht t
H Ni, c i mi km th dng li v in vo ct cy s dng "H Ni ... km", tt nhin ch c th
in vo mt quay v hng Hi Phng bi R bt khng bit c t n Hi Phng cn bao
xa. Mun in dng ch "Hi Phng ... km" ln mt cn li ca cc ct cy s th r bt phi thc
hin hnh trnh t Hi Phng tr v H Ni
Yu cu: Gi thit rng h thng giao thng m bo s i li gia hai thnh ph bt k. Hy
tm mt hnh trnh ca R bt xut pht t thnh ph 1, i vit y ln cc ct cy s ri quay
tr v thnh ph 1, sao cho mi mt ca ct cy s bt k no cng ch b vit mt ln.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MSTONE.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m cch nhau mt du cch (2 n 200)
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s u, v cch nhau mt du cch: cho bit gia hai thnh ph
u v v c mt tuyn xa l ni chng
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MSTONE.OUT
Ghi cc hnh trnh r bt phi i: Bt u t thnh ph 1, tip theo l cc thnh ph i qua theo
ng th t trong hnh trnh, kt thc l thnh ph 1. Cc s hiu thnh ph phi ghi cch nhau
t nht mt du cch hoc du xung dng.
V d:
MSTONE.INP
7 8
1 2
2 3
3 4
4 2
2 5
5 6
6 7
6 2
MSTONE.OUT
1 2 6 7 6
5 2 5 6 2 4 3 2 3 4 2 1
4
1
2
6
5
114
105. LCH SA CHA T

Mt c s sa cha t c nhn n chic xe sa. Do cc nhn vin lm vic qu li nhc nn
n hn tr cho khch hng m vn cha tin hnh sa c chic xe no. Theo hp ng k kt
t trc, nu bn giao xe th i qu hn ngy no th s phi tr thm mt khon tin pht l ai.
ng ch c s sa cha quyt nh sa thi ton b cng nhn v thu nhn cng mi. Vi lc lng
mi ny, ng ta d nh rng sa chic xe th i s cn bi ngy. Vn t ra i vi ng l phi
lp lch sa tun t cc chic xe sao cho tng s tin b pht l t nht.
Yu cu: Hy lp lch sa xe gip cho ng ch c s sa cha t.
Dng 1: Cha s n (n 10000)
Dng 2: Cha n s nguyn dng a1, a2, ..., an (1 ai 10000)
Dng 3: Cha n s nguyn dng b1, b2, ..., bn (1 bi 100)
Dng 1: Ghi s tin b pht ti thiu
Dng 2: Ghi s hiu cc xe s tin hnh sa cha, theo th t t xe c sa u tin n xe
sa sau cng
V d:
SCHEDULE.INP
4
1 3 4 2
3 2 3 1
3
2
SCHEDULE.OUT
44
4 2 3 1
5
3
Tin pht:
Xe 4: Mun 1 (ngy) x 2 = 2
Xe 2: Mun 3 (ngy) x 3 = 9
Xe 3: Mun 6 (ngy) x 4 = 24
Xe 1: Mun 9 (ngy) x 1 = 9
---------------------------Tng cng
= 44
Nu sa theo th t 1, 2, 3, 4 th:
Xe 1: Mun 3 (ngy) x 1 = 3
Xe 2: Mun 5 (ngy) x 3 = 15
Xe 3: Mun 8 (ngy) x 4 = 32
Xe 4: Mun 9 (ngy) x 2 = 18
---------------------------Tng cng
= 68
115
106. KHP V CU
Xt n th v hng G = (V, E) c n nh v m cnh. Ngi ta nh ngha mt nh gi l khp
nu nh xo nh s lm tng s thnh phn lin thng ca th. Tng t nh vy, mt cnh
c gi l cu nu xo cnh s lm tng s thnh phn lin thng ca th.
Vn t ra l cn phi xc nh tt c cc khp v cu ca th G.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn GRAPH.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (1 n 1000; m 10000)
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu hai nh u v v: th hin gia nh u v nh v c mt
cnh ni chng
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GRAPH.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s khp (P) v s cu (Q) ca th
P dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu mt khp tm c
Q dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu hai nh tng ng vi mt cu lin thuc vi hai nh
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch

V d:
GRAPH.INP
10 12
1 10
10 2
10 3
2 4
4 5
5 2
3 6
6 7
7 3
7 8
8 9
9 7
GRAPH.OUT
4 3
7
3
2
10
10 3
10 2
1 10
10
3
7
4
5
9
8
116
107. HNG I VI U TIN

Cho trc mt danh sch rng. Ngi ta xt hai thao tc trn danh sch :
Thao tc "+V" ( y V l mt s t nhin 109): Nu danh sch ang c t hn 15000 phn t
th thao tc ny b sung thm phn t V vo danh sch; Nu khng, thao tc ny khng c hiu
lc.
Thao tc "-": Nu danh sch ang khng rng th thao tc ny loi b tt c cc phn t ln
nht ca danh sch; Nu khng, thao tc ny khng c hiu lc
V d: Vi danh sch ban u l rng:
Nu ta thc hin lin tip cc thao tc: +1, +3, +2, +3 ta s c danh sch (1, 3, 2, 3)
Thc hin thao tc -, ta s c danh sch (1, 2)
Thc hin hai thao tc +4, ta s c danh sch (1, 2, 4, 4)
Thc hin thao tc -, ta s c danh sch (1, 2)
Tip tc vi cc thao tc +2, +9, +7, +8, ta s c danh sch (1, 2, 2, 9, 7, 8)
Cui cng thc hin thao tc -, ta cn li danh sch (1, 2, 2, 7, 8)
Vn t ra l cho trc mt dy khng qu 100000 thao tc, hy xc nh nhng gi tr s
no cn li trong danh sch, mi gi tr ch c lit k mt ln.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn IO.INP
Gm nhiu dng, mi dng ghi mt thao tc. Th t cc thao tc trn cc dng c lit k theo
ng th t s thc hin.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn IO.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s lng nhng gi tr cn li trong danh sch.
Dng 2: Lit k nhng gi tr
V d:
IO.INP
+1
+3
+2
+3
+4
+4
+2
+9
+7
+8
-
IO.OUT
4
8 7 2 1
117
108. HI CH
Bn hi ch l mt hnh ch nht c chia thnh li vung n v kch thc mxn. Mi
tng trng cho mt gian hng. n thm gian hng (i, j) th phi tr mt s tin l aij.
Nhng ca vo hi ch c t nhng gian hng nm trn bin tri; cn nhng li ra ca hi
ch c t nhng gian hng nm trn bin phi. T mt gian hng bt k c th i sang mt
trong nhng gian hng chung cnh vi gian hng .
Yu cu: Hy tm mt ng i thm hi ch (t mt ca vo ti mt li ra) sao cho tng s tin
phi tr l t nht.
Rng buc: m, n v cc s aij l nhng s t nhin khng qu 100. (m 1, n 2)
5
9
9
10
10
10
1
7
2
10
10
10
1
7
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
10
2
10
17
12
10
10
3
10
D liu: Vo t file vn bn FAIR.INP

Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n
m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s, s th j l aij.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FAIR.OUT
Cc dng tip theo mi dng ghi ch s hng v ch s ct ca mt trn ng i. Th t cc
c lit k trn nhng dng ny phi theo ng th t trn hnh trnh: Bt u t mt ca vo,
kt thc l mt li ra.
V d:
FAIR.INP
6 5
5 1 1 1 17
9 7 7 1 12
9 2 1 1 10
10 10 1 10 10
10 10 1 2 3
10 10 10 10 10
FAIR.OUT
18
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 4
3 4
3 3
4 3
5 3
5 4
5 5
118
109. SERIE A
Gii bng ngoi hng Italia (Serie A) l gii bng hp dn nht hnh tinh, y ngi ta c
chng kin cuc tranh ti ca nhng i bng ln, nhng danh th ni ting th gii v c khng
kh cung nhit ca cc sn vn ng cho ti tn nhng vng u cui cng.
Vi mt gii bng chuyn nghip nh vy th cng vic ca ban t chc khng d dng cht no,
hng tun h phi tng hp thng tin v cc trn u xp li th hng cc i, v mt s nhm
ln d rt nh cng c th gy nn s ch trch t pha bo ch.
Yu cu: Bit thng tin v nhng trn u, hy lp bng thng k thnh tch ca tng i
theo th t t cao xung thp. Cch xp nh sau: Vi hai i bt k th i no nhiu im hn
s xp trc, nu hai i bng im th i no c hiu s Bn thng - Bn thua cao hn s xp
trc, nu vn bng nhau v hiu s bn Thng - Thua th i no ghi c nhiu bn thng
hn s xp trc, cn nu li bng nhau c v s bn thng th i no c tn (xp theo vn
ABC) nh hn s xp trc.
Thng tin chung v gii: mi i ch ghi c ti a 10 bn trong mt trn, gii c thi u theo
th thc vng trn hai lt. Vi mi trn, i thng c 3 im, i ho c 1 im, i thua
c 0 im. Tn ca cc i hon ton phn bit.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SERIEA.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n l s i bng (2 n 1000)
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi tn ca i th i (l xu gm ng 3 ch ci in hoa)
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi 4 thng tin ca mt trn u: n1, n2, g1, g2. y n1 v n2 l
tn hai i thi u, g1 l s bn thng ca i n1 ghi c, g2 l s bn thng ca i n2 ghi c
trong trn u . Bn thng tin ny c ghi cch nhau ng mt du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SERIEA.OUT
Gm n dng, mi dng ghi thng tin v mt i bng sau khi sp th hng theo khun dng sau:
Tn i, S trn , im s, S trn thng, S trn thua, S trn ho, S bn thng, S bn thua,
Hiu s Bn thng - Bn thua. Nhng thng tin ny phi ghi cch nhau ng mt du cch
V d:
SERIEA.INP
7
JUV
MIL
ROM
BAR
INT
LAZ
UDI
JUV MIL 1 1
ROM BAR 4 1
JUV INT 2 1
JUV ROM 2 2
MIL JUV 3 2
LAZ BAR 5 2
ROM INT 1 2
MIL ROM 2 2
SERIEA.OUT
ROM 4 5 1 1
MIL 3 5 1 0
JUV 4 5 1 1
LAZ 1 3 1 0
INT 2 3 1 1
UDI 0 0 0 0
BAR 2 0 0 2
2
2
2
0
0
0
0
9
6
7
5
3
0
3
7
5
7
2
3
0
9
2
1
0
3
0
0
-6
119
110. S HIU V GI TR
Xt tt c cc hon v ca dy s t nhin (1, 2, ..., n); (1 n 12).Gi s rng cc hon v c sp
xp theo th t t in.
V d vi n = 3, c 6 hon v:
1. 1 2 3
2. 1 3 2
3. 2 1 3
4. 2 3 1
5. 3 1 2
6. 3 2 1
Vn t ra l: Cho trc mt hon v (a1, a2, ..., an), hy cho bit s th t q ca hon v v
ngc li: Cho trc mt s th t p (1 p n!) hy tm dy hon v (b1, b2, ..., bn) mang s th
t p.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn PERMUTE.INP
Dng 1: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an
Dng 2: Cha s p
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PERMUTE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s q
Dng 2: Ghi n s b1, b2, ..., bn
V d:
PERMUTE.INP
2 1 3
4
PERMUTE.OUT
3
2 3 1
120
111. PHP CO
Xt dy s nguyn dng a = (a1, a2, ..., an) (2 n 100; 1 ai 100). Ban u dy s c vit
theo th t t tri sang phi, t a1 ti an.
Xt php co R(i): Thay hai phn t lin tip ai v ai+1 thnh (ai - ai+1). Sau dy c nh ch s
li: T tri sang phi, bt u t 1.
V d: dy a = (5, 1, 4, 2, 3)
Vi php co R(1) ta c a = (4, 4, 2, 3)
Vi php co R(3) ta c a = (4, 4, -1)
Vi php co R(2) ta c a = (4, 5)
Vi php co R(1) ta c a = (-1).
Yu cu: Cho trc dy a v s k. Hy tm mt dy n - 1 php co bin dy a thnh (k). (Dy a
v s k c cho lun tn ti t nht mt phng n)
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SEQ.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, k
Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SEQ.OUT
Gm n - 1 dng, mi dng ghi v tr ca mt php bin i, cc php bin i phi c lit k theo
ng th t thc hin
V d
SEQ.INP
5 -1
5 1 4 2 3
SEQ.OUT
4
3
1
1
121
112. CHA NGOC

Mt dy du ngoc ng l mt dy cc k t "(" v ")" c nh ngha quy nh sau:
1. () l mt dy du ngoc ng.
2. Nu A l mt dy du ngoc ng th (A) l dy du ngoc ng.
3. Nu B v C l hai dy du ngoc ng th BC l dy du ngoc ng.
Yu cu: Cho mt xu k t S di n ch gm cc du "(" v ")" (n chn, 2 n 200). Hy
tm xu T tho mn:
T l dy du ngoc ng di n
T l "ging" S nht theo ngha: S v tr i m T[i] S[i] l cc tiu
D liu: Vo t file vn bn BRACKETS.INP, ch gm 1 dng cha xu S
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BRACKETS.OUT cng ch gm mt dng ghi xu T.
V d:
BRACKETS.INP
)())())())))
BRACKETS.OUT
()((()))((()))
122

Cho mt t W di n, ngi ta c mt cch m ho nh sau: V d vi t banana.
Bc 1: Xt n hon v vng quanh ca W:
banana
ananab
nanaba
anaban
nabana
abanan
Bc 2: Sp xp n hon v vng quanh theo th t t in:
abanan
anaban
ananab
banana (*)
nabana
nanaba
Bc 3:
Gi k l v tr ca t ban u trong dy hon v vng quanh sau khi sp xp ( y k l 4).
Ly ca mi hon v vng quanh (theo ng th t sau khi sp xp theo th t t in) mt k t
cui v ghp thnh mt t W' ( y W' = 'nnbaaa')
Ta gi cp (W', k) l m cng khai ca t W.
Yu cu:
Vit chng trnh c file vn bn DECODE.INP gm nhiu cp dng: C hai dng lin tip
cha mt m cng khai: dng 1 cha t W' v dng 2 ghi s k. Tng ng vi mi cp dng ,
hy gii m v ghi vo file vn bn DECODE.OUT mt dng cha t W l t gii m ra
c.
Rng buc d liu: Cc t c cho lun khc rng, ch gm cc ch ci in thng v c di
khng qu 10000. M cng khai lun c cho ng n.
V d:
DECODE.INP
nnbaaa
4
DECODE.OUT
Banana
DECODE.INP
drtyeesya
8
lla
1
ym
1
ulbrteso
7
emseed
6
so
2
fra
2
ywaa
1
DECODE.OUT
yesterday
all
my
troubles
seemed
so
far
away
123
114. MNG RT GN
Mt h thng gm n my tnh c ni thnh mt mng c m knh ni, mi knh ni hai my tnh
trong mng, gia hai my tnh c khng qu 1 knh ni. Cc my tnh c nh s t 1 n n v
cc knh ni c nh s t 1 ti m. Vic truyn tin trc tip c th thc hin c i vi hai
my c knh ni. Cc knh ni trong mng c chia ra lm ba loi 1, 2, 3. Ta ni gia hai my a
v b trong mng c ng truyn tin loi k (k{1, 2}) nu tm c dy cc my a = v1, v2, ..., vp =
b tho mn iu kin: gia hai my vi v vi+1 hoc c knh ni loi k, hoc c knh ni loi 3, (i =
1, 2, ..., p - 1).
Yu cu: Cn tm cch loi b khi mng mt s nhiu nht knh ni nhng vn m bo lun
tm c c ng truyn tin loi 1 ln ng truyn tin loi 2 gia hai my bt k trong mng.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn NREDUCE.INP
Dng u tin cha hai s nguyn dng n, m (n 500; m 10000).
Dng th i trong s m dng tip theo cha ba s nguyn dng ui, vi, si cho bit knh truyn tin
th i l knh loi si ni hai my ui v vi.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NREDUCE.OUT
Dng u tin ghi r l s knh cn loi b. r = -1 nu trong mng cho tn ti hai my khng
c ng truyn tin loi 1 hoc li 2.
Nu r > 0 th r dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s ca mt knh cn loi b.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch
V d:
NREDUCE.INP
5 7
1 2 3
2 3 3
3 4 3
5 3 2
5 4 1
5 2 2
1 5 1
NREDUCE.OUT
2
6
7
NREDUCE.INP
3 3
1 2 1
2 3 3
1 3 2
NREDUCE.OUT
0
124
115. DY NGOC
Mt dy ngoc ng l mt dy cc k t "(", ")", "[" v "]" c nh ngha nh sau:
iv. Dy rng l mt dy ngoc ng
v. Nu A l dy ngoc ng th (A) v [A] cng l nhng dy ngoc ng
vi. Nu A v B l nhng dy ngoc ng th AB cng l dy ngoc ng.
V d cc dy: (), [], ([])()[()] l nhng dy ngoc ng.
Yu cu: Cho xu S ch gm cc k t "(", ")", "[" v "]". Hy tm cch b sung mt s ti
thiu cc k t cn thit nhn c mt dy ngoc ng. Cho bit dy ngoc ng .
D liu: Vo t file vn bn BRACKET.INP, ch gm 1 dng cha xu S khng qu 200 k t
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BRACKET.OUT, ch gm 1 dng ghi biu thc ngoc ng tng
ng vi xu S.
V d:
BRACKET.INP
([(]
BRACKET.OUT
()[()]
BRACKET.INP
([[((())())]()])[]
BRACKET.OUT
([[((())())]()])[]
125
116. LP RP MY TNH
Trong dy chuyn lp rp my tnh t ng, c M loi linh kin nh s 1, 2...,M v mi chic my
c lp rp ln lt t T linh kin O1, O2, ..., OT theo ng th t ny. (1 Oi M).
t ng ho dy chuyn sn xut, ngi ta s dng mt r-bt lp rp v N dng c lp rp. Bit
c nhng thng tin sau:
Ti mi thi im, R-bt ch c th cm c 1 dng c.
Ti thi im bt u, R-bt khng cm dng c g c v phi chn mt trong s N dng c
cho, thi gian chn khng ng k.
Khi c dng c, R-bt s s dng n lp mt linh kin trong dy O, bit thi gian Rbt lp linh kin loi v bng dng c th i l biv (1 i N, 1 v M).
Sau khi lp xong mi linh kin, R-bt c php i dng c khc lp linh kin tip theo,
bit thi gian i t dng c i sang dng c j l aij. (Lu rng aij c th khc aji v aii lun bng
0).
Yu cu:
Hy lp trnh cho R-bt c th lp rp cc linh kin O1, O2, ..., OT mt cch nhanh nht.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn VITERBI.INP theo khun dng sau:
N M T
O1 O2 ... OT
a11 a12 ... a1N
a21 a22 ... a2N
...
aN1 aN2 ... aNN
b11 b12 ... ... b1M
b21 b22 ... ... b2M
...
bN1 bN2 ... ... bNM
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn VITERBI.OUT theo khun dng sau:

Dng 1: Ghi thi gian lp rp xong ton b T linh kin O1, ..., OT
Dng 2: Ghi T s, s th k l s hiu dng c c chn lp linh kin th k trong dy (Ok).
Rng buc: Tt c cc s ni ti trn u l cc s t nhin 200. Ring N, M v T c thm gi
thit l s dng.
V d:
VITERBI.INP
3 4 8
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
0 9 1
1 0 9
9 1 0
8 8 1 5
8 1 8 8
1 8 8 8
VITERBI.OUT
21
3 2 1 1 3 2 1 1
126
117. NG MT CHIU
Mt h thng giao thng c n a im v m on ng mt chiu ni cc cp a im . Ta k
hiu (u,v) l on ng mt chiu i t a im u ti a im v ((u, v) (v, u)). Gia hai a
im c th c nhiu on ng ni chng.
Vn t ra l hy xy dng thm mt s t nht cc tuyn ng mt chiu h thng giao
thng m bo c s i li gia hai a im bt k.
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (n 200; m 10000)
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s u, v tng ng vi tuyn ng mt chiu (u, v)
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TRAFFIC.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s tuyn ng cn xy dng thm
k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s x, y tng ng vi mt tuyn ng (x, y) cn xy dng
thm
V d:
TRAFFIC.INP
13 15
1 9
1 12
2 3
3 4
4 1
4 5
5 2
6 7
7 1
7 8
8 6
9 10
10 11
11 9
12 13
TRAFFIC.OUT
2
13 3
11 8
6
5
8
1
12
13
9
11
10
127
118. PH
Cho n on trn trc s, on th i l [Li, Ri].
Hy chn ra trong cc on k trn mt s t nht cc on ph ht on [a, b]
D liu: Vo t file vn bn COVER.INP
Dng 1: Cha 3 s n, a, b
n dng tip theo, dng th i cha hai s Li v Ri
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn COVER.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s on c chn (Nu khng c cch chn th k = -1)
Trong trng hp c phng n thc hin yu cu th k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt
on c chn
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch
Rng buc: 1 n 100000; cc s cn li l s nguyn dng 30000; a b; i: Li Ri
V d:
COVER.INP
COVER.OUT
COVER.INP
COVER.OUT
8
4
1
2
1
3
7
9
8
3
1
4
6
8 1 200
1 4
2 5
4 5
6 45
6 7
5 7
100 200
50 99
-1
2 10
8
3
3
4
4
10
11
11
128
119. THP GCH

Mt b chi c n vin gch nha, mi vin gch c chiu cao = chiu rng = 1, chiu di = 2.
Mt thp gch l mt cch xp cc vin gch thnh cc tng so le tho mn :
Thp c cao H ( gm H tng )
Tng 1 c M vin gch
Mi tng c t nht 1 vin gch v hai tng lin tip hn km nhau ng 1 vin gch
Tng s gch phi s dng khng vt qu n
V d di y c th coi l mt thp vi H = 6, M = 2, n 13
Ta c th m ho mi thp bng mt dy c H s nguyn dng m s nguyn th i l s gch ca

tng i (Nh v d trn l thp tng ng vi dy s 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1), khi cc thp c nh s bt
u t 1 theo th t t in ca dy s tng ng.
Yu cu:
Cho 3 s n, H, M (1 n 32767; 1 H 30; 1 M 10), hy m s thp c th. V vi mt s
nguyn dng K, hy cho bit dy s tng ng vi thp th K. Cc s lun c cho hp l
c th tm ra nghim.
129
120. THU THU

Hai nc lng ging X v Y thit lp quan h thng mi v h tho thun vi nhau mt hip
nh chung. Theo hip nh ny, hng mt thnh ph ca nc X s c th chuyn thng ti mt
thnh ph ca nc Y v ngc li nu nh c ng i (ng b, ng bin, ng khng ...)
gia hai thnh ph ny. Hai nc mun thit lp mt h thng trm thu thu ti cc thnh ph
mi chuyn hng lu chuyn gia hai nc u phi qua trm thu v s trm thu l t nht c th
c.
Gi s bn bit c h thng giao thng gia hai nc, hy cho bit nn t cc trm thu ti
nhng thnh ph no.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn TAX.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s nguyn dng m v n (m, n 600), y m l s thnh ph ca nc X v
n l s thnh ph ca nc Y
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng i, j cho bit gia thnh ph i ca nc X
v thnh ph j ca nc Y c ng lu chuyn hng ho.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TAX.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi hai s P v Q theo th t l s trm thu t ti nc X v nc Y
P dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s ca mt thnh ph nc X s t trm thu
Q dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s ca mt thnh ph nc Y s t trm thu
V d:
TAX.INP
5 5
1 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
3 3
4 4
4 5
5 4
TAX.OUT
2 2
1
4
3
4
Gii hn: 512KB, 5 giy/1 test

Nng cao : Ci t bng Turbo Pascal , gii hn 256 KB, 30 giy/1 test v m,n <=
1000
130
121. PHN CNG

C m th v n cng vic, cc th nh s t 1 ti m v cc vic nh s t 1 ti n. Mi th c kh
nng thc hin mt s cng vic no .
Khi giao vic cho cc th thc hin, i vi mt ngi th th h s thc hin cc cng vic c
giao mt cch tun t v lin tc (sequence), lm mi vic mt mt n v thi gian. Nhng i vi
nhiu th th cc cng vic ca h c thc hin song song (paralell), vic ca ai ngi y lm,
khng nh hng ti tin ca ngi khc.
Hy tm cc phn cng cng vic cho cc th tt c cc cng vic c thc hin, mi vic ch
phn cho mt th v thi gian hon thnh tt c cc cng vic l nhanh nht. Nu c nhiu
phng n u tho mn yu cu trn th ch ra phng n m s vic giao cho th lm t nht
l nhiu nht.
Dng 1: Cha hai s nguyn dng m v n (1 m 200; 1 n 1000)
m dng tip theo, dng i cha danh sch cc cng vic m th i c th thc hin, c thm mt
k hiu kt thc l s 0.
Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c tn ti cch phn cng thc hin tt c cc cng
vic hay khng.
Nu dng 1 ghi t YES:
Dng 2: Ghi thi gian nhanh nht c th hon thnh cc cng vic
m dng tip theo, dng i ghi danh sch cc cng vic c phn cho th i, ghi thm mt k
hiu kt thc l s 0.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch
V d:
ASSIGN.INP
4 10
1 2 3 4 5 0
4 5 6 7 8 0
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0
ASSIGN.OUT
YES
3
3 4 5 0
6 7 8 0
2 9 0
1 10 0
Gii hn: 512KB, 5 giy/1 test ( chy bng TPX ).

Nng cao : Ci t bng Turbo Pascal , 256 KB , 30 giy/1 test. N , M khng thay i
131
122. XU CON
Cho hai xu k t A = A1A2...Am v B = B1B2...Bn. Hai xu k t ny ch gm cc ch ci ting
Anh. (1 n m 200).
Gi thit rng c th xo i mt s k t ca xu A c xu B
Hy tm mt dy ch s i1, i2, ..., in tho mn:
i1 < i2 < ... < in
B = Ai1Ai2...Ain
Trong cc dy ch s tho mn c 2 iu kin trn, hy cho bit dy ch s
m max (i k +1 i k ) l nh nht c th
1 k n 1
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SUBSTR.INP

Dng 1: Cha xu A
Dng 2: Cha xu B
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SUBSTR.OUT
Ch gm 1 dng ghi dy ch s i1, i2, ..., in, hai s lin tip cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
SUBSTR.INP
fAzyxABlCiDkabc
ABCD
SUBSTR.OUT
6 7 9 11
132
123. LN SC SC
Cho mt li vung n v kch thc mxn, trn mi ghi mt s t nhin 6. C mt con sc
sc (hnh lp phng cnh 1 n v) nm ti mt (x, y) mang s 6. Cc mt con sc sc c ghi
cc s nguyn dng t 1 n 6: mt trn mang s 1, mt bn hng v mp trn ca li mang s
2, mt bn hng v mp tri ca li mang s 3, tng hai s ghi trn hai mt i din bt k lun
bng 7. (Xem hnh v)
2
Cho php ln con sc sc sang mt trong 4 k cnh. Sau mi php ln nh vy, mt trn ca sc
sc s tr thnh mt bn tng ng vi hng di chuyn v mt bn theo hng di chuyn s tr
thnh mt y. Mt php ln c gi l hp l nu n lun m bo s ghi sc sc ang ng
v s ghi mt y ca sc sc bng nhau. Nh v d trn, ta c th ln ln trn, sang phi hay sang
tri nhng khng th ln xung di.
Yu cu:
Hy ch ra mt s hu hn cc php ln hp l ln con sc sc ra mt bin ca li, nu c
nhiu phng n thc hin th ch ra phng n m tng cc s ghi mt trn ca sc sc sau
mi bc di chuyn l cc tiu.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn ROLL.INP
Dng 1: Cha 4 s m, n, x, y (1 < x < m 80; 1 < y < n 80)
m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s m s th j l s ghi ti (i, j) ca li
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File cch nhau t nht mt du cch. D liu vo lun ng n
tn ti gii php thc hin
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ROLL.OUT
Gm mt dng cha dy lin tip cc k t, k t th k c th l L, R, U hoc D tng ng vi
php ln ti bc th k l ln sang tri, ln sang phi, ln ln trn hay ln xung di.
V d
ROLL.INP
9 6 3 3
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 4 0
1 4 6 6 6
0 0 2 3 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 4 0
0 0 0 6 0
0 0 0 3 0
0 0 0 1 0
ROLL.OUT
URDDLULL
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
Gii hn: 300KB, 1 giy/1 test

133
124. V S
Mt VIP n c n v s. V s th i c th bo v cho VIP t thi im Li n ht thi im Ri.
Hi VIP cn t nht bao nhiu v s trong khong thi gian t a ti b, VIP lun c t nht k v s
bn mnh.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn VIP.INP

Dng 1: Cha hai s n, k
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi hai s Li v Ri
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input file cch nhau t nht mt du cch
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn VIP.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s P l s v s cn gi
P dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt v s cn gi
Rng buc: 1 n 100000; cc s cn li l s t nhin 10000
134
125. GIAO LU
Cuc thi giao lu "Tt Ta Tin (TTT)" gia hai i SP v TH c n bi ton tin hc, mi i c n hc
sinh tham d. Cc bi ton c nh s t 1 n n v cc hc sinh ca mi i cng c nh s
t 1 ti n.
Hc sinh ca hai i u l nhng lp trnh vin xut sc, tuy nhin mi hc sinh c th gii quyt
nhng bi ton thuc s trng ca mnh hiu qu hn nhng bi khc.
Hy gip thy My t chc cuc thi theo th thc sau:

Chn ng n cp u, mi cp gm 01 hc sinh SP v 01 hc sinh TH lm 01 bi ton trong
s nhng bi ton ny.
Bi ton no cng c mang ra thi
Hc sinh no cng c tham gia
Bi ton cho cp u bt k phi thuc s trng ca c hai th sinh trong cp
Khng chm li, cm " ", ng khng qu 1 giy.
Bit rng lun tn ti phng n thc hin yu cu trn
D liu: Vo t file vn bn OLYMPIC.INP

Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (1 n m 255)
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi danh sch cc bi ton thuc s trng ca hc sinh SP th i.
n dng tip theo, dng th j ghi danh sch cc bi ton thuc s trng ca hc sinh TH th j.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn OLYMPIC.OUT
Gm n dng, dng th k ghi s hiu th sinh SP v s hiu th sinh TH trong cp u bng bi ton
k.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch
V d: ( Do s sut , xin mi chuyn sang bi 126 vi ni dung , bi tng t , Khi Test
cng vy ).
135
126. GIAO LU
Cuc thi giao lu "Tt Ta Tin (TTT)" gia hai i SP v TH c m bi ton tin hc, mi i c n hc
sinh tham d. Cc bi ton c nh s t 1 n m v cc hc sinh ca mi i c nh s t 1
ti n.
Hc sinh ca hai i u l nhng lp trnh vin xut sc, tuy nhin mi hc sinh c th gii quyt
nhng bi ton thuc s trng ca mnh hiu qu hn nhng bi khc.
Hy gip thy My t chc cuc thi theo th thc sau:

Chn ng n cp u, mi cp gm 01 hc sinh SP v 01 hc sinh TH lm 01 bi ton trong
s nhng bi ton ny.
C ng n bi ton c mang ra thi
Hc sinh no cng c tham gia
Bi ton cho cp u bt k phi thuc s trng ca c hai th sinh trong cp
Khng chm li, cm " ", ng khng qu 5 giy.
Bit rng lun tn ti phng n thc hin yu cu trn
D liu: Vo t file vn bn OLYMPIC.INP

Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (1 n m 255)
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi danh sch cc bi ton thuc s trng ca hc sinh SP th i.
n dng tip theo, dng th j ghi danh sch cc bi ton thuc s trng ca hc sinh TH th j.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn OLYMPIC.OUT
Gm m dng, dng th k ghi s hiu th sinh SP v s hiu th sinh TH trong cp u bng bi ton
k, nu bi ton k khng c mang ra thi th ghi vo dng ny hai s 0
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Nng cao 1 : Yu cu tng ng nhng gim b nh xung cn 100 KB, time limit 2 giy/test.
Nng cao 2 : Yu cu tng ng nhng tng kch thc b nh l 255 KB ; n , m <= 450.
time limit 10 giy / test.
Nng cao 3 : Yu cu tng ng nhng tng kch thc b nh l 300 KB , n , m <= 700. time
limit 30 giy / test.
Nng cao 4 : Yu cu tng ng Nng cao 3 nhng gim time limit xung cn 20 giy/test.
V d:
OLYMPIC.INP
4 6
3 6
1 2
2 4
5
6
3 5 6
4
1 2 6
OLYMPIC.OUT
2 4
0 0
0 0
3 3
4 2
1 1
136
127. I DIN
Trn trc s cho n on ng, on th i l [Li, Ri].
(1 n 100000, Cc Li v Ri l s nguyn, -30000 Li < Ri 30000)
Hy ch ra tp t nht cc im nguyn phn bit trn trc s tho mn: Mi on trong s n

on k trn phi cha ti thiu 2 im trong tp ny.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn PTS.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n
n dng tip theo, dng th i cha hai s Li v Ri
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PTS.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s P l s im c chn
Dng 2: Ghi cc to (trn trc s) ca P im c chn
V d
PTS.INP
3
6 10
1 6
4 9
PTS.OUT
3
4 6 9
137
128. HI CH
Bn hi ch l mt hnh ch nht c chia thnh li vung n v kch thc mxn. Mi
tng trng cho mt gian hng. n thm gian hng (i, j) th phi tr mt s tin l aij. Quy c
rng nu aij = 0 th (i, j) l gian hng khuyn mi. Khi n gian hng khuyn mi, khch hng khng
nhng khng phi tr mt khon ph no m cn c th thc hin tip k bc di chuyn khng mt
tin ngay sau .
Nhng ca vo hi ch c t nhng gian hng nm trn bin tri; cn nhng li ra ca hi
ch c t nhng gian hng nm trn bin phi. T mt gian hng bt k c th i sang mt
trong nhng gian hng chung cnh vi gian hng bng mt bc di chuyn.
Yu cu: Hy tm mt ng i thm hi ch (t mt ca vo ti mt li ra) sao cho tng s tin

phi tr l t nht.
Rng buc:
1 m 200; 2 n 200; 1 k 20; cc s aij l nhng s t nhin khng qu 10000;
D liu: Vo t file vn bn FAIR.INP
Dng 1: Cha ba s m, n, k
m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s, s th j l aij.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FAIR.OUT
Cc dng tip theo mi dng ghi ch s hng v ch s ct ca mt trn ng i. Th t cc
c lit k trn nhng dng ny phi theo ng th t trn hnh trnh: Bt u t mt ca vo,
kt thc l mt li ra.
V d:
FAIR.INP
6 7 2
1 5 1 1 1 1 17
4 0 7 7 7 1 12
9 9 2 2 1 1 10
9 10 10 10 1 10 10
9 10 10 10 1 2 3
9 10 10 10 10 10 10
FAIR.OUT
14
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
3 4
3 5
4 5
5 5
5 6
5 7
138
129. LCH HC
Chng trnh hc ca mt trng i hc c n mn nh s t 1 ti n, mi mn phi hc trong
ng mt hc k v c mt s mn bt buc phi hc sau mt s mn khc. Chng trnh o to
c cho hp l sinh vin c th hon thnh ht tt c cc mn hc.
Yu cu:
Hy lp mt lch hc sinh vin c th hon thnh ht tt c cc mn mt cch nhanh nht.
Nu c nhiu phng n xp lch tho mn iu trn th ch ra phng n m s mn xp trong
hc k hc nhiu mn nht l t nht.
Cc hc k c nh s t 1 theo trnh t thi gian.

Dng 1: Cha s n (1 n 200)
n dng tip theo, dng th i cha danh sch cc mn phi hc trc mn i, ghi thm mt k
hiu kt thc l s 0.
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Dng 1: Ghi s hc k t nht hon thnh tt c cc mn v s mn hc nhiu nht trong mt
hc k.
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s hiu hc k hc mn i
V d:
SCHEDULE.INP
7
0
0
1 2 0
0
2 3 4 0
5 0
4 5 0
SCHEDULE.OUT
4 2
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
139
130. M LIN HON

Mi trn bn c tng qut kch thc nxn c m ho bng cc k hiu sau:
".": t do
"#": cm
"$": t do c mt qun m ang ng
"@": t do tng ng vi mt v tr tp kt
i hnh cc qun m c gi l "lin hon" nu chng to thnh mt min lin thng theo quan
h m giao chn.
Mt lnh hnh qun l mt php di chuyn i hnh cc qun m tho mn:
Mi qun m c th ng yn hoc thc hin ng mt nc i theo lut c
Sau lnh hnh qun:
Cc qun m ch nm trn cc t do
Mi cha khng qu mt qun m
Ton i hnh cc qun m phi lin hon.
Yu cu:
Hy tm mt s hu hn cc lnh hnh qun chuyn i hnh cc qun m v cc @ !
Cng t lnh bao nhiu cng tt !
D liu: Vo t file vn bn KMOVE.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n
n dng tip theo, dng th i cha n k t, k t th j l k hiu tng ng vi (i, j)
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn KMOVE.OUT
Gm mt s dng, mi dng ghi mt lnh hnh qun: gm cc b 4 s x1, y1, x2, y2 tng trng cho
nc i ca mt qun m t (x1, y1) n (x2, y2)
Cc s trn mt dng ca Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch
Rng buc: Trng thi ban u ca bn c c cho lun tn ti phng n thc hin yu cu
trn. 2 n 100; 1 S $ = S @ 100; Tp cc $ cng nh tp cc @ u l i hnh m
lin hon.
V d:
KMOVE.INP
6
......
$..@#.
..$...
$..#@#
#....#
#..@##
KMOVE.OUT
3 3 4 5 4 1 3 3
4 5 6 4 3 3 4 5
4 5 2 4 3 3 4 5
2 1 3 3
140
131. TUYN NHN CNG

C n cng vic cn thc hin v r loi th. Th loi i c th khng lm c vic j hoc lm c
vi chi ph l cij.
Gi s c sn m th hy tm cch tuyn thm mt s t nht th giao cho mi th lm mt

vic sao cho c th hon thnh c tt c cc cng vic. Nu c nhiu cch tuyn tho mn yu
cu trn th ch ra cch tuyn c tng chi ph thc hin cc cng vic (trn php phn cng ti
u) l cc tiu.
Dng 1: Cha ba s m, n, r (1 m, n, r 400)
Dng 2: Cha m s, s th k l loi ca th th k trong m th c
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ba s i, j, cj cho bit loi th i c th lm c vic j vi chi
ph cij (0 cij 10000)
Dng 1: Ghi s th cn thm v chi ph php phn cng ti thiu
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi loi th c giao thc hin vic i
Rng buc: Mi vic c t nht mt loi th c th thc hin
V d:
ASSIGN.INP
10 4 6
1 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1 1 10
1 2 10
1 3 10
3 1 10
3 2 10
3 3 10
2 2 9
2 1 8
4 2 6
4 3 5
6 4 0
ASSIGN.OUT
2 25
1
3
4
6
ASSIGN.INP
1 2 3
1
1 1 10
1 2 30
3 1 1
3 2 25
2 2 40
ASSIGN.OUT
1 31
3
1
141
132. NG TRN
Trn mt phng vi h trc to Decattes vung gc cho n im xanh v n im hon ton
phn bit. To cc im ny l s nguyn c gi tr tuyt i 10000.
Hy ch ra mt hnh trn nh nht tho mn:

C tm gc to (0, 0)
Bn trong hnh trn (tnh c ng bin), s im xanh = s im 1
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CIRCLE.INP
Dng 1: Cha s nguyn dng n (n 5000)
n dng tip theo, mi dng cha honh v tung ca mt im xanh
n dng tip theo, mi dng cha honh v tung ca mt im
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CIRCLE.OUT
Ch gm mt dng ghi bn knh ng trn tm c (Ghi di dng s thc vi 6 ch s sau du
chm thp phn)
CIRCLE.INP
4
2 0
0 3
0 -3
4 -4
1 1
0 2
-3 0
-3 3
CIRCLE.OUT
3.000000
142
133. ON 0
Cho dy s nguyn a = (a1, a2, ..., an), 1 n 10000; i: -10000 ai 10000
Hy tm mt on di nht gm cc phn t lin tip trong dy a: aL, aL+1, ..., aH c tng bng 0
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SZERO.INP

Dng 1: Cha s n
Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du cch
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SZERO.OUT
Ch gm mt dng ghi hai s L v H cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
SZERO.INP
9
2 7 5 -3 -2 4 -9 -2 -1
SZERO.OUT
2 8
D liu vo lun c cho hp l tn ti mt on cc phn t lin tip trong dy a c tng

bng 0.
143
134. HC BNG
Cho mt danh sch n hc sinh (1 n 200), mi hc sinh c:
Tn: L mt xu k t di khng qu 25 (hai hc sinh khc nhau c tn khc nhau)
im: L s thc
Cn chn nhng hc sinh c im cao nht trong danh sch trao hc bng, hy cho bit tn
nhng hc sinh .
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SCHOLAR.INP
Dng u tin: Cha s n
Trong n cp dng tip theo, mi cp gm 2 dng lin tip cha thng tin v mt hc sinh
Dng 1: Ghi tn
Dng 2: Ghi im
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SCHOLAR.OUT
Gm mt s dng, mi dng ghi tn mt hc sinh c hc bng.
SCHOLAR.INP
4
A
7.9
B
9.0
C
8.1
D
9.0
SCHOLAR.OUT
B
D
144
135. ON DNG
Cho dy s nguyn a = (a1, a2, ..., an), 1 n 60000; i: -10000 ai 10000
Hy tm mt on di nht gm cc phn t lin tip trong dy a: aL, aL+1, ..., aH c tng dng
D liu: Vo t file vn bn SEGMENT.INP

Dng 1: Cha s n
Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du cch
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SEGMENT.OUT
Ch gm mt dng ghi hai s L v H cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Rng buc: C t nht mt phn t dng trong a
Ch : + Vi n <= 60000 , chng trnh chy bng TPX
+ Vi n <= 40000 , chng trnh chy bng Turbo Pascal.
V d:
SEGMENT.INP
10
-5 -2 -3 4 -6 7 -8 9 -1 -20
SEGMENT.OUT
3 9
145

Bn mt thnh ph c:
m ng ph (hai chiu) song song chy thng theo hng Tyng, tin, ta gi cc
ng ph l H1, H2,..., Hm theo th t t Bc xung Nam.
n ng ph (hai chiu) song song chy thng theo hng BcNam, ta gi cc ng ph
l V1, V2, ..., Vn theo th t t Ty sang ng
Hai ng ph vung gc bt k ct nhau to thnh mt nt giao thng. Ngoi tr hai nt giao
thng nm v tr gc ng-Nam v gc Ty-Bc, nhng nt giao thng khc c th gn n tn
hiu giao thng hai trng thi:
2. Trng thi EW: Xanh hng ng v Ty, hng Bc v Nam.
3. Trng thi NS: Xanh hng Bc v Nam, hng ng v Ty.
Mi n tn hiu c mt chu k thi gian ring, c sau mi chu k thi gian , n i trng thi
mt ln. Ti thi im 0, cc n tn hiu u trng thi 0 (EW).
gi an ton, lut giao thng quy nh: Khi xe ti mt nt giao thng t mt hng no ng
vo thi im n tn hiu theo hng ang hay chuyn sang th buc phi dng li, ng
vo thi im n tn hiu theo hng ang Xanh hay chuyn sang Xanh th c th i thng, r
phi hay r tri tu .
Trn mt ng ph, thi gian xe i gia hai nt giao thng lin tip c nh l C n v thi gian.
Yu cu: Bit s giao thng v cc n tn hiu, c hai xe xut pht cng thi im S, xe th
nht xut pht ti gc Ty-Bc, xe th hai xut pht ti gc ng-Nam v hn cng ti mt nt
giao thng no . Hy tm im hn v hnh trnh hai xe gp nhau sm nht c th (Xe n
trc c th ch xe n sau ti im hn)
Dng 1: Cha bn s t nhin m, n, C, S (1 m, n, C 100; 0 S 10000)
m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s t nhin 100, s th j l chu k ca n tn hiu nm
giao im ca ng Hi v Vj. (Quy c rng chu k bng 0 tng ng vi mt nt giao thng
khng c n tn hiu)
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
Kt qu: Ghi thi im hn v hnh trnh ca hai xe ra file vn bn TRAFFIC.OUT:
Dng 1: Ghi thi im hn
Dng 2: Ghi mt dy k t, k t th p {E, W, S, N} cho bit hng i t nt giao thng th
p n nt giao thng th p + 1 trn hnh trnh ca xe th nht l ng, Ty, Nam hay Bc (theo
ng th t )
Dng 3: Ghi mt dy k t, k t th q {E, W, S, N} cho bit hng i t nt giao thng th
q n nt giao thng th q + 1 trn hnh trnh ca xe th hai.
V d:
TRAFFIC.INP
3 4 99 0
0
1
2
1
2
1
2
0
3
1
2
0
TRAFFIC.OUT
297
SEE
WN
TRAFFIC.INP
3 3 99 2
0 1 2
1 2 2
1 1 0
TRAFFIC.OUT
201
EE
NN
W
S
146
137. PH
Cho mt th v hng G = (V, E) c n nh v m cnh, khng c nh c lp
Hy chn ra mt tp t nht cc cnh tt c cc nh ca th u l u mt ca t nht

mt cnh trong tp chn !
D liu: Vo t file vn bn COVER.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m l s nh v s cnh ca th (1 n 100)
m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s u, v tng ng vi mt cnh (u, v) ca th
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn COVER.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k l s cnh c chn
k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s hai nh u mt ca mt cnh c chn
Ch thch nho nh : Bi ny s dng kin thc khng ph bin ! Bi vy khng c g l kh
hiu nu nh bn khng lm c !
V d:
COVER.INP
10 11
1 2
6 1
2 4
2 8
3 4
3 6
5 6
5 9
5 10
7 8
9 7
COVER.OUT
5
6 1
2 8
3 4
5 10
9 7
147
138. DI CHUYN R-BT

Cho mt th c hng G gm n nh v m cung, hai con R-bt ng ti hai nh no .
Yu cu:
Chuyn nhanh nht hai con R-bt n gp nhau ti mt nh ca th, bit rng c hai con
R-bt ch c chy theo cc cung nh hng v khng c dng li cho ti lc gp nhau ti
mt nh no . Thi gian R-bt i qua mt cung bt k lun l 1 n v thi gian
D liu: Vo t file vn bn RMOVE.INP

Dng 1: cha 4 s nguyn dng n, m, A, B. y A v B ln lt l v tr ca con r-bt th
nht v v tr ca con r-bt th hai, 2 n 250, 1 m 60000.
m dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s u, v tng ng vi mt cung (u, v) ca th
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn RMOVE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi thi gian tnh t lc bt u di chuyn cho ti lc hai r-bt gp nhau
Dng 2: Ghi hnh trnh ca con r-bt th nht, theo ng th t t nh A ti nh gp nhau
Dng 3: Ghi hnh trnh ca con r-bt th hai, theo ng th t t nh B ti nh gp nhau
Rng buc: Lun c phng n thc hin yu cu trn
Gii hn : Chng trnh chy trn Turbo Pascal.
V d:
RMOVE.INP
4 5 1 2
1 2
2 1
2 4
3 2
4 3
RMOVE.OUT
3
1 2 1 2
2 4 3 2
3
4
148
139. TRM NGH

Mt ton k s b nga i thm him mt khu rng v n khi tri ti, h mun i v nhng trm
ngh. Rt may l cc k s u c bn khu rng trong tay, nh c th xc nh chnh xc v tr
ca h, cc trm ngh, cc khu vc c th d v tt nhin c v tr ca cc con nga (ni h b
li).
Mi k s s phi chn cho mnh mt con nga, mt trm ngh v dng ci siu m gi con nga
v trm ngh chn. Mi trm ngh ch ch cho mt k s v mt con nga.
Gi s rng c m trm ngh, n k s, n con nga v bn l mt trong s nhng k s . Hy vch
ra hnh trnh cho cc k s v cc con nga thi gian tnh t lc bt u cho ti khi tt c cc
con nga v cc k s v ti trm ngh tng ng l nh nht.
Bn khu rng c m ho bng mt li vung n v kch thc pxq. Trn mi ghi mt
trong 5 k hiu:
"%": a im c th d
".": a im an ton (khng c th d)
"&": a im an ton c mt con nga ang ng
"*": a im an ton c mt k s ang ng
"@": Trm ngh
Vi 1 n v thi gian, mi k s v mi con nga c th thc hin mt bc i. Nhn trn bn ,
mi bc i ca mt k s l mt php di chuyn t ang ng sang mt trong cc k cnh,
bc i ny c m ho bng mt trong 4 k hiu {E, W, S, N}. Mi bc i ca mt con nga l
mt php di chuyn nh mt nc i ca qun m theo lut c, bc i ny c m ho bng mt
trong 8 k hiu {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}. Cc k s cng nh cc con nga khng c i ti c th
d hay i ra ngoi bn . Cc k hiu tng ng vi cc hng i c ch ra trong hnh di y:
6
N
W * E
S
8
&
1
3
D liu: Vo t file vn bn HORSEMAN.INP

Dng u tin: Cha hai s p, q cch nhau 1 du cch
p dng tip theo, dng th i cha q k t, k t th j l k hiu ghi trn (i, j) ca bn
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn HORSEMAN.OUT
Dng u tin: Ghi thi gian nhanh nht tt c cc k s v cc con nga v ti trm ngh
tng ng
2n dng tip theo, c hai dng ghi hnh trnh ca mt k s:
Dng 1: Ghi hai s x, y cch nhau mt du cch l v tr (x, y) ca mt k s
Dng 2: Ghi mt dy k t tng trng cho mt dy cc bc i ca k s t (x, y) theo
ng th t ny n mt trm ngh.
2n dng tip theo, c hai dng ghi hnh trnh ca mt con nga:
Dng 1: Ghi hai s u, v cch nhau mt du cch l v tr (u, v) ca mt con nga
Dng 2: Ghi mt dy k t tng trng cho mt dy cc bc i ca con nga t (u, v)
theo ng th t ny n mt trm ngh.
Rng buc:
5 p, q 100
1 n = s "&" = s "*" 100
n m = s "@" 100
Lun lun c phng n thc hin yu cu ca bi
149
V d:
( Kt qu file Output ny sai ! ) p n ti u phi l 3 mi ng !
HORSEMAN.INP
5 6
.&&.*.
.%%...
@@.@.@
&.....
*...*.
HORSEMAN.OUT
4
1 5
SSW
5 1
NN
5 5
NNE
1 2
3
1 3
2
4 1
1727
150
140. CHIA CN BNG

Xt th v hng lin thng G = (V, E) c n nh v m cnh, cc nh c nh s t 1 ti n
Hy b i mt s t nht cc cnh ca th sao cho:

1. th cn li c ng 2 thnh phn lin thng
2. nh 1 v nh n khng thuc cng mt thnh phn lin thng
3. Trong cc phng n tho mn c hai iu kin trn, hy ch ra phng n m chnh lch v
s nh gia hai thnh phn lin thng l nh nht
D liu: Vo t file vn bn BALANCE.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (2 n 300)
m dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s u, v tng ng vi mt cnh (u, v) ca th
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BALANCE.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s cnh c b (k)
k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai nh tng ng vi mt cnh c b
V d:
BALANCE.INP
BALANCE.OUT
151
141. LN XC XC
Cho mt li vung n v kch thc mxn, trn mi ghi mt s t nhin 7. C mt con sc
sc (hnh lp phng cnh 1 n v) nm ti mt (x, y) mang s 7. Cc mt con sc sc c ghi
cc s nguyn dng t 1 n 6: mt trn mang s 1, mt bn hng v mp trn ca li mang s
2, mt bn hng v mp tri ca li mang s 3, tng hai s ghi trn hai mt i din bt k lun
bng 7. (Xem hnh v)
2
Cho php ln con sc sc sang mt trong 4 k cnh. Sau mi php ln nh vy, mt trn ca sc
sc s tr thnh mt bn tng ng vi hng di chuyn v mt bn theo hng di chuyn s tr
thnh mt y. Mt php ln c gi l hp l nu n lun m bo s ghi sc sc ang ng
hoc bng 7, hoc bng vi s ghi mt y ca sc sc. Nh v d trn, ta c th ln ln trn, sang
phi hay sang tri nhng khng th ln xung di.
Yu cu:
Hy ch ra mt s hu hn cc php ln hp l ln con sc sc ra mt bin ca li, nu c
nhiu phng n thc hin th ch ra phng n m tng cc s ghi mt trn ca sc sc sau
mi bc di chuyn l cc tiu.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn ROLL.INP
Dng 1: Cha 4 s m, n, x, y (1 < x < m 300; 1 < y < n 300)
m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s m s th j l s ghi ti (i, j) ca li
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ROLL.OUT
Gm mt dng cha dy lin tip cc k t, k t th k c th l L, R, U hoc D tng ng vi
php ln ti bc th k l ln sang tri, ln sang phi, ln ln trn hay ln xung di.
V d
ROLL.INP
9 6 3 3
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 2 4 0
1 4 7 6 6
0 0 2 3 0
0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 4 0
0 0 0 6 0
0 0 0 3 0
0 0 0 1 0
ROLL.OUT
URDDLULL
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
152
142. CHUYN HNG

Bn mt kho hng hnh ch nht kch thc mxn c chia thnh cc vung n v (m hng, n
ct: cc hng nh s t trn xung di, cc ct nh s t tri qua phi). Trn cc ca bn c
mt s k hiu:
Cc k hiu # nh du cc c mt kin hng xp sn,
Mt k hiu *: nh du ang c mt r bt
Mt k hiu $: nh du cha kin hng cn xp
Mt k hiu @: nh du v tr m cn phi xp kin hng B vo
Cc k hiu du chm ".": Cho bit trng
Ti mt thi im, r bt c th thc hin mt trong 6 ng tc k hiu l:
L, R, U, D: Tng ng vi php di chuyn ca r bt trn bn : sang tri, sang phi, ln trn,
xung di. Thc hin mt php di chuyn mt 1 cng
+, -: Ch c thc hin khi r bt ng bn cnh kin hng $. Khi thc hin thao tc +, r
bt ng yn v Ny kin hng $ lm kin hng ny trt theo hng Ny, n khi chm mt
kin hng khc hoc tng nh kho th dng li. Khi thc hin thao tc -, r bt ko kin hng $
v pha mnh v li li 1 theo hng ko. Thc hin thao tc Ny hoc ko mt C cng
Lut: R bt ch c di chuyn vo khng cha hng ca kho.
Hy tm cch hng dn r bt thc hin cc thao tc a kin hng $ v v tr @ sao cho s

cng phi dng l t nht
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CARGO.INP
Dng 1: Ghi ba s nguyn dng m, n, C (m, n 100; c 100)
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n k hiu trn hng th i ca bn theo ng th t t tri
qua phi. Cc k hiu c ghi lin nhau
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CARGO.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s cng cn thc hin
Dng 2: Mt dy lin tip cc k t {L, R, U, D, +, -} th hin dy cc ng tc cn thc hin
ca R bt
Rng buc: Lun c phng n thc hin yu cu bi
V d:
CARGO.INP
6 8 3
###..###
*$....##
####.###
####..##
#@....##
########
CARGO.OUT
23
+RRRR-UR+DDDRD+
CARGO.INP
10 10 2
.........#
.####.#.##
*$.......#
#######.##
#######...
#######.#.
#@........
#######.##
##########
##########
CARGO.OUT
34
+RRRRRRR-LUURRD+DDDDD-URRDDL+
153
143. GHT NHAU NM ...

Liz v Lilly tng l nhng ngi bn rt thn, nhng h ci ln v quyt nh chia tay nhau.
"Ti khng mun nhn thy bn na, ti s t nhng tng u nu ti c i u t nh,
ti cng khng bao gi phi nhn thy ci bn mt ca bn" - C hai u ni.
L&L cng sng trong mt ngi lng nh c chia thnh li vung nxn. Nh ca Liz (1, 1)
v nh Lilly (n, n). Mi ca li mang mt trong 3 k hiu:
".": Vng t (Land)
"X": H (Lake)
"*": Tng (Rock)
Mi ngi c th di chuyn t mt sang k cnh nu l vng t, v khi ng mt (x, y),
h c th nhn thy (x', y') nu:
(x', y') l cng hng hoc cng ct vi (x, y)
Khong cch t (x, y) n (x', y') khng qu k
Khng c tng no chn tm mt
C hai u l k li bing, v vy h ch mun t thm mt s t nht cc tng . ng thi, cc
tng phi t cch nh ca mi ngi mt khong cch ti thiu l m.
Lu : Khong cch gia hai (x1, y1) v (x2, y2) quy c l x1 - x2 + y1 - y2
Hy ch ra cch t cc tng tho mn yu cu ca c hai ngi

D liu: Vo t file vn bn FAREWELL.INP
Dng 1: Cha 3 s n, k, m (5 n 20; 1 k, m n) cch nhau ng 1 du cch
n dng tip theo, dng th i cha n k t lin tip m k t th j l k hiu (i, j) ca li
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FAREWELL.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s tng phi t, trong trng hp khng c phng n th dng ny ghi s -1
Trong trng hp c phng n kh thi th n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n k t lin tip m
k t th j l k hiu (i, j) ca li sau khi t . Lu rng ta vn dng k hiu * cho
nhng tng c v dng k hiu "#" cho nhng tng t thm
V d
FAREWELL.INP
7 4 4
.......
......*
....*X.
**.*.X.
...*...
.XX..*.
.......
FAREWELL.OUT
2
.......
.....#*
....*X.
**#*.X.
...*...
.XX..*.
.......
FAREWELL.INP
8 7 3
........
.XXXXXX.
.X....X.
.X....X.
.X....X.
.X....X.
.XXXXXX.
........
FAREWELL.OUT
4
...#....
.XXXXXX.
.X....X.
#X....X.
.X....X#
.X....X.
.XXXXXX.
....#...
154
144. NI DY
Xt hnh ch nht R trong h trc to Decattes vung gc c cc nh l (0, 0); (m, 0); (m, n) v
(0, n). Ta gi mt on ni l mt on thng nm trong R, di 1 n v m cc to ca hai
u mt l s nguyn (d thy on ni ch c mt trong hai dng: (x, y)-(x+1, y) hoc (x, y)-(x,
y+1). Ban u c mt vi on ni c v sn trong R. C hai ngi chi, mi ngi khi n lt
mnh c quyn v ra mt on ni, nu on ny cng vi cc on ni v khp kn thm
c mt vung n v no th ngi chi s c chim cc (1 hoc 2) vung ny v phi
tip tc cc thao tc nh trn cho ti khi :
Hoc tt c cc on ni c v tr chi kt thc
Hoc vn cn on ni cha v nhng bc ni cui cng khng chim c thm vung n
v no, tr chi s c tip tc vi ngi kia bng lut chi tng t
Gi s chng trnh ca bn tham gia tr chi vi vai tr ngi i trc, ngi kia l mt
chng trnh khc. Hy lp trnh th hin chin thut chi sao cho ti khi tr chi kt thc, s
chng trnh ca bn chim c l nhiu nht c th.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn CELLS.INP

Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n (1 m, n 100)
Cc dng tip, mi dng ghi 4 s x1, y1, x2, y2 th hin mt on ni v sn: (x1, y1)-(x2, y2)
Kt qu mi lt i ca bn phi ghi vo file vn bn PLAYER1.DAT gm mt s dng, dng th
i ghi 4 s x1(i), y1(i), x2(i), y2(i) tng trng cho on ni (x1(i), y1(i)) - (x2(i), y2(i)) l on ni th i trong
lt i.
Chng trnh ca bn phi khai bo s dng th vin CELLS.TPU, sau mi lt i, khi to file
PLAYER1.DAT, bn phi gi th tc InterChange ca th vin ny nhn c file vn bn
PLAYER2.DAT c khun dng nh PLAYER1.DAT cha cc thng tin v lt i ca my tip
theo lt i ca bn. Lu rng trong bt k trng hp no tr chi kt thc (sau lt i ca bn
hay ca my), th tc InterChange cng s dng chng trnh tc khc thng k s chim
c ca hai bn.
X
O
O
start
CELLS.INP
3 3
0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
1 0 2 0
2 0 3 0
3 0 3 1
1 1 1 2
1 1 2 1
2 1 2 2
0 2 0 3
0 2 1 2
1 2 2 2
2 2 3 2
0 3 1 3
1 3 2 3
2 3 3 3
Player I
Player 1
PLAYER1.DAT
1 2 1 3
2 2 2 3
3 2 3 3
2 1 3 1
3 -5
X
O
player 2
PLAYER2.DAT
3 1 3 2
2 0 2 1
1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1
0 1 0 2
Player II
155
145. MY LAST INVENTION

"I'm not ashamed to confess that I'm ignorant of what I don't know"
Cicero
2
IOI 3003 din ra trong n + 1 ngy, cc bi ton ca IOI c nh s t 1 ti n +n v c phn b
vo cc ngy thi theo lch sau (mi ngy thi c n bi ton):
Ngy 1: Cc bi ton t 1 ti n
Ngy 2: Cc bi ton t n + 1 ti 2n
...
Ngy i: Cc bi ton t (i - 1).n + 1 ti i.n
...
Ngy n+1: Cc bi ton t n2 + 1 ti n2+n
Cc bi thi c mt trong k dng, bi th j c dng l rj (1 rj k)
Th thc thi c thng bo cho mi on nh sau:
Mi on s c n + 1 hc sinh tham gia
Hng ngy, Ban t chc s a mt hc sinh ca on i tham quan thnh ph, vic chn hc
sinh no cho i tham quan l quyn ca trng on, nhng phi m bo iu kin: Cho n
khi IOI kt thc, hc sinh no ca on cng c i tham quan thnh ph. Nh vy mi
ngy on s cn li n hc sinh tham gia thi, vic giao cho hc sinh no lm bi no l quyn
ca ph on nhng mi hc sinh ch c giao mt bi v hai hc sinh khc nhau s phi nhn
hai bi khc nhau.
Kt thc IOI, im ng i ca mi on s c tnh bng tng im ca tt c cc li gii
cc bi ton cho.
Cc thy gio trng, ph on Vit Nam d on rng nu hc sinh th i ca on lm bi ton
dng j th c th thu c s im l cij (cij = 0 tng ng vi li d on rng hc sinh th i
khng lm c bi ton dng j). Hi cc thy s sp xp lch thi u cho cc hc sinh nh th no
theo d on, on Vit Nam s thu c s im nhiu nht c th.
D liu: Nhp t thit b nhp chuNn (input)
Dng 1: Cha hai s n, k (1 n 100; 1 k 1000)
Dng 2: Cha n2+n s, s th p l rp.
Cc dng tip, mi dng cha ba s nguyn dng i,j,p cho bit mt iu d on ca cc thy:
hc sinh th i c th lm c bi ton dng j v t c s im l p(=c[i, j]). (1p100).
Kt qu: Ghi ra thit b xut chuNn (output)
Dng 1: Ghi im ng i m theo d on on Vit Nam c th t
Tip theo l n2 + n dng, dng th i ghi s hiu hc sinh Vit Nam c giao lm bi th i.
Ch thch : Chng trnh chy = FreePascal ! Time limit khng qu 10 giy ! Khng
gii hn b nh ! Thch dng bao nhiu th dng !
V d:
input
3 4
1 2 4 4 3 3 1 4 2 3 2 2
1 1 2
1 2 3
1 4 6
2 3 4
2 1 3
2 4 7
3 2 1
3 1 4
4 1 2
4 3 9
4 2 8
output
65
3
4
2
1
2
4
3
2
1
4
1
3
156
I hope and expect that you will have much success in IOI 2002
157
146. CY KHUNG NH NHT

Cho n th v hng lin thng G = (V, E) gm n nh v m cnh, cc nh c nh s t 1
ti n v cc cnh c nh s t 1 ti m. Hy tm cy khung nh nht ca th G.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MST.INP

Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (1 n 10000; 1 m 15000)
m dng tip theo, dng th i c dng ba s nguyn u, v, c. Trong (u, v) l ch s hai nh u
mt ca cnh th i v c trng s ca cnh (1 u, v n; 0 c 10000).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MST.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi trng s cy khung nh nht
n - 1 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt cnh c chn vo cy khung nh nht
V d:
MST.INP
6 9
1 2 1
1 3 1
2 4 1
2 3 2
2 5 1
3 5 1
3 6 1
4 5 2
5 6 2
MST.OUT
5
3
7
5
2
1
Gii hn thi gian: 1 giy
158
147. MNG MY TNH

Bn mt bng ca phng my tnh l mt hnh ch nht nm trong h trc to Decattes vung
gc c cc nh l A(0, 0), B(m, 0), C(m, n) v D(0, n). Ti cc im to nguyn nm trong hnh
ch nht ABCD c mt my tnh (nh vy c tt c (m + 1).(n+1) my tnh) . Mt dy cp mng l
mt on cp ni di 1 n v, nh vy mi dy cp mng ch c th ni c hai my tnh lin
nhau trn cng hng hoc cng ct. Ban u c sn mt s dy cp mng ni gia mt s cp
my tnh
Hai my u v v c th truyn tin cho nhau nu gia chng c ng truyn tin
(u = x1, x2, x3, ..., xk = v) (Gia my xi v my xi+1 c dy cp mng ni chng)
Hy ni thm mt s t nht cc dy cp mng sao cho hai my bt k trong phng my c th
truyn tin c cho nhau.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn NET.INP

Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n (1 m, n 100);
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha thng tin v mt on cp c sn: gm 4 s x1, y1, x2, y2
th hiu cho cp mng ni hai my to (x1, y1) v (x2, y2). (|x1 - x2| + |y1-y2| = 1).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NET.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s cp mng cn ni thm (c)
c dng tip theo, mi dng ghi 4 s u1, v1, u2, v2 cho bit cn thm cp ni gia hai my to
(u1, v1) v (u2, v2)
Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch.
V d:
NET.INP
2 3
0 0 0 1
1 0 2 0
1 0 1 1
2 0 2 1
0 1 1 1
1 1 2 1
1 2 2 2
0 3 1 3
NET.OUT
4
0 2 1 2
1 2 1 3
1 1 1 2
1 3 2 3
y
3
2
1
0
159
148. DY N IU TNG DI NHT

Cho dy s nguyn dng a = (a1, a2, ..., an) (1 n 10000; 1 ai 10000)
Hy tm dy ch s di nht i1, i2, ..., ik tho mn:
1 i1 < i2 < ... < ik n
ai1 < ai2 < ... < aik
D liu: Vo t file vn bn INCSEQ.INP
Dng 1: Cha s n
Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn INCSEQ.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s k
Dng 2: Ghi k s i1, i2, ..., ik
V d:
INCSEQ.INP
8
1 2 8 9 5 6 7 9
INCSEQ.OUT
6
1 2 5 6 7 8
160
149. LUNG CC I TRN MNG

Cho mt mng G = (V, E) l th c hng vi n im v m cung, 1 l im pht v n l im thu.
T 1 ch c cung i ra v t n ch c cung i vo. Mi cung (u, v) ca mng c gn mt s
nguyn dng c(u, v) l kh nng thng qua ca cung .
Mt lung cc i trn mng l mt cch gn cho mi cung (u, v) mt s nguyn f(u, v) tho mn:
i) f(u, v) c(u, v) ((u, v)E)
ii) f (u , v) = f ( v, w ) (vV)
( u , v )E
( v , w )E
iii)Gi tr lung =
f (1, u ) = f ( v, n ) l ln nht c th.
(1, u )E
( v , n )E
Hy tm lung cc i trn mng G

D liu: Vo t file vn bn MAXFLOW.INP
Dng 1: Cha s nh n v s cung m ca th G (2 n 100)
m dng tip theo, mi dng cha ba s u, v, c(u, v) th hin cho mt cung (u, v) v kh nng
thng qua ca cung l c(u, v)
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MAXFLOW.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi gi tr lung tm c
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha ba s x, y, f(x, y) th hin (x, y) l mt cung v lung gn
cho cung (x, y) l f(x, y) (Nhng cung no khng c lung (f(x, y) = 0) khng cn phi ghi vo
Output file).
V d:
6
4
6
1
5
6
3
MAXFLOW.INP
6 8
1 2 5
1 3 5
2 4 6
2 5 3
3 4 3
3 5 1
4 6 6
5 6 6
MAXFLOW.OUT
9
1 2 5
1 3 4
2 4 3
2 5 2
3 4 3
3 5 1
4 6 6
5 6 3
161
150. B GHP CC I
Cho th hai pha G = (XY, E); Cc nh ca X k hiu l x1, x2, ..., xm, cc nh ca Y k hiu
l y1, y2, ..., yn.
Mt b ghp trn G l mt tp cc cnh E i mt khng c nh chung.
Yu cu: Hy tm b ghp cc i (c nhiu cnh nht) trn G.

D liu: Vo t file vn bn MATCH.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n (1 m, n 300)
Cc dng tip, mi dng cha hai s nguyn dng i, j cho bit thng tin v mt cnh (xi,
yj)E.
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MATCH.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s cnh trong b ghp cc i tm c (K).
K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi thng tin v mt cnh c chn vo b ghp cc i: Gm 2 s
u, v th hin cho cnh ni (xu, yv).
V d:
1
2
5
MATCH.INP
4 5
1 1
1 4
2 1
2 2
2 4
3 2
3 3
4 2
4 3
MATCH.OUT
4
1 1
2 4
3 3
4 2
162
151. B GHP Y TRNG S CC TIU

Cho th hai pha G = (XY, E); Cc nh ca X k hiu l x1, x2, ..., xn, cc nh ca Y k hiu
l y1, y2, ..., yn. Mi cnh ca G c gn mt trng s khng m.
Mt b ghp y trn G l mt tp n cnh E i mt khng c nh chung. Trng s ca b
ghp l tng trng s cc cnh nm trong b ghp.
Yu cu: Hy tm b ghp y c trng s cc tiu ca G
D liu: Vo t file vn bn MATCH.INP

Dng 1: Cha s n (1 n 200)
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha 3 s nguyn i, j, c cho bit c mt cnh (xi, yj) v trng s
cnh l c (0 c 200).
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MATCH.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi trng s b ghp tm c
n dng tip, mi dng ghi hai s (u, v) tng trng cho mt cnh (xu, yv) c chn vo b
ghp.
Rng buc: Lun tn ti t nht mt b ghp y trn G.
V d:
MATCH.INP
4
1 1 0
1 2 0
2 1 0
2 4 2
3 2 1
3 3 0
4 3 0
4 4 9
MATCH.OUT
3
1 1
2 4
3 2
4 3
163
152. TUYN NHN CNG

C n cng vic cn thc hin v r loi th. Th loi i c th khng lm c vic j hoc lm c
vi chi ph l cij. Mt php phn cng l mt cch chn ra n th v giao cho mi th lm ng mt
vic sao cho c th thc hin tt c n cng vic.
Gi s c sn m th hy tm cch tuyn thm mt s t nht th c th thc hin php phn

cng. Nu c nhiu cch tuyn tho mn yu cu trn th ch ra cch tuyn c tng chi ph thc
hin cc cng vic (trn php phn cng ti u) l cc tiu.
Dng 1: Cha ba s m, n, r (1 m, n, r 300)
Dng 2: Cha m s, s th k l loi ca th th k trong m th c
Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ba s i, j, cj cho bit loi th i c th lm c vic j vi chi
ph cij (0 cij 10000)
Dng 1: Ghi s th cn thm v chi ph php phn cng ti u
n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi loi th c giao thc hin vic i
Rng buc: Mi vic c t nht mt loi th c th thc hin
V d:
ASSIGN.INP
10 4 6
1 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
1 1 10
1 2 10
1 3 10
3 1 10
3 2 10
3 3 10
2 2 9
2 1 8
4 2 6
4 3 5
6 4 0
ASSIGN.OUT
2 25
1
3
4
6
ASSIGN.INP
1 2 3
1
1 1 10
1 2 30
3 1 1
3 2 25
2 2 40
ASSIGN.OUT
1 31
3
1
164
153. DN N
Cho mt bng vung kch thc mxn c chia thnh li vung n v, ti mi ca bng c
mt trong cc k hiu:
".": trng
"+": c cha mt n cha bt sng
"*": c cha mt n bt sng
Hai n bt sng bt k khng nm cng hng hoc cng ct.
Yu cu: Hy bt sng thm mt s nhiu nht cc n sao cho: s n sng trn mi hng cng
nh trn mi ct ca bng ti a l 1.
D liu: Vo t file vn bn GRID.INP
Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n (1 m , n 200) cch nhau t nht mt du cch
m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n k t lin tip, k t th j l k hiu (i, j) ca bng
Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GRID.OUT
Dng 1: Ghi s n c th bt thm
m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n k t lin tip, k t th j l k hiu (i, j) ca bng sau khi
bt sng thm cc n
V d:
GRID.INP
4 5
+..*.
++.+.
.++..
.++..
GRID.OUT
3
+..*.
*+.+.
.*+..
.+*..
165

150 Bai Toan Tin

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150 Bai Toan Tin

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L Minh Hong

150+Bi Ton Tin

LIST 150+ BI TON TIN L MINH

006. VNG S NGUYN T

009. VNG TRN CON

013. LC NM KIM CNG

016. KHONG CCH GIA HAI XU

018. THM KHU TRIN LM

022. TUYN BAY

023. M PHNG CC PHP TON

024. DY CON CA DY NH PHN

026. NG I NHIU IM NHT

027. K HOCH THU NHN CNG

028. DY CC HNH CH NHT

032. BNG QUAN H

036. D TIC BN TRN

039. MNG MY TNH

041. S NH PHN LN NHT

042. SN CC HNH CH NHT

043. PHN HOCH TAM GIC

044. CC THNH PHN LIN THNG MNH

049. TRUYN TIN TRN MNG

050. HNH VUNG CC I

053. THM HIM LNG T

057. BUN TIN

060. S THP PHN

061. DANH SCH VNG

062. TNH DIN TCH

066. TN HIU GIAO THNG

067. PHN NHM

068. TUA DU LCH R NHT

069. DU LCH NHIU TUA NHT

070. PHN CNG

071. NHN TIN

074. NT GIAO THNG TRNG IM

076. MI KHCH D TIC

077. KHI PHC NGOC

079. PHN CNG

082. DU LCH KIU C

086. THNH PH TRN SAO HO

088. T DUY KIU C

089. 8-3, TNG HOA KIU C

090. M HO BURROWS WHEELER

092. GIAI THA

095. MUA HNG

096. XU CON CHUNG DI NHT

097. DY CON NGN NHT

102. NG I THOT M CUNG

103. CHU TRNH C BN

105. LCH SA CHA T

107. HNG I VI U TIN

112. CHA NGOC

113. M HO BURROWS WHEELER

119. THP GCH

120. THU THU

121. PHN CNG

130. M LIN HON

131. TUYN NHN CNG

136. TN HIU GIAO THNG

138. DI CHUYN R-BT

139. TRM NGH

140. CHIA CN BNG

142. CHUYN HNG

143. GHT NHAU NM ...