Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presentation on
Contents
Introduction
Sample preparation ?
Solution preparation.
Measuring Crack
Reporting
Safety precaution
Introduction
Sour Service
Definition : As per ISO 15156
Exposure to oilfield environments that contain
IntroductionContinue
The hydrogen driven cracking is observed in
several modes/mechanism. The modes or
mechanisms are sulfide-stress corrosion
cracking (SSC), hydrogen blistering,
hydrogen-induced (stepwise) cracking (HIC),
and stress oriented hydrogen-induced
(stepwise) cracking (SOHIC).
The wet H2S /Hydrogen cracking mechanisms
require the presence of an aqueous phase,
temperatures from ambient to 150C, and the
evolution of hydrogen by a corrosion reaction
at the environment/steel interface.
IntroductionContinue
The presence of hydrogen ions does not strongly
promote its absorption into the steel at the
interface. Presence of the bi-sulfide (HS -) promote
hydrogen absorption into the steel, poisoning the
recombination of hydrogen into a gas in the
corrosion reaction. HS- promote the transport of
hydrogen across the environment-metal interface
and promote blistering, HIC, and SOHIC.
The cracking mechanism for SSC requires
extremely low concentrations of hydrogen in the
metal (5 ppm). Low quantity of HS- can produce
this level of hydrogen in the steel.
IntroductionContinue
Typical Reactions
Following two reaction takes place in corrosion
Fe = Fe+2 + 2e --- Anodic Reaction
2H+ + 2e =2 Ho --- Cathodic Reaction
Hydrogen produced at cathode either enters
into the steel (in the presence of H2S/HS-) or
converts into H2 gas and (in the absence of
H2S/HS-) escapes.
HS- Ion produced by following reaction
H2O+H2S= H3O+ + HS-
What is HIC
This type of cracking occurs in an
What is SOHIC
SOHIC is a hydrogen-damage mechanism
SOHIC (Figure 2)
What is Blistering
Blistering occurs from molecular
Blistering (Figure 3)
What is SSCC
This type of cracking occurs in the
SSCC (Figure-4)
List of Equipments
SR.
NO.
INSTRUMENT NAME
Nos
(for
5
1
1
30
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Microscope
Digital pH meter
Automatic Titrator
Sample preparation
Sample cutting From Plate
Dimension :- Length :
100 1 mm
Width :
20 1 mm
Thickness : Actual thk-1
mm Maximum from each side.
Test specimen shall be full thickness of
pipe upto max. 30 mm WT.
Test specimen blank shall not be
flattened
Solution Preparation
Calculate the surface area of test specimen
Ratio of test solution to the surface area of
following section
Reporting
Report shall consist of the followings as per
NACE TM 0284:2003
1. Method of testing adequacy of test specimen
degreasing
2. Type of Test Solution
3. pH of test solution before HS introduction
4. pH of test solution after HS saturation(start
of test)
5. pH of test solution at the end of test
6. Temperature of test etc.
Safety precaution
Following the safety precautions implemented in
NACE Lab
Restricted entry.
Smoking is prohibited.
Use of Mobile phone is not allowed.
Mandatory use of Face shield, Surgical hand
gloves and other PPE in NACE lab area.
Five numbers of H2S gas detectors are installed
in NACE lab area, audio-visual alarm system is
integrated with gas detectors.
One hand held type H2S gas detector.
Three numbers of breathing apparatus available
for any emergency.
Breathing Apparatus
Fire Extinguisher