CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN

: 2015/BCT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V K THUT IN
National Technical Regulation on Electric Power Technical
PHN 1

H THNG LI IN

H NI - 2015
1

Li ni u

QCVN .. : 2015/BCT do V Khoa hc v Cng ngh, B Cng Thng

trnh duyt; B Khoa hc v Cng ngh thm nh; B Cng Thng ban hnh km
theo Thng t s:
/2015/TT-BCT ngy
thng nm 2015.

MC LC
PHN 1: QUY NH CHUNG .8
Chng 1.1. Phn chung ....8
Chng 1.2. Nhng yu cu chung ....22
Chng 1.3. Yu cu v khu vc xy dng ...25
Chng 1.4. Yu cu v hnh lang an ton....25
Chng 1.5. Yu cu v mi trng ...28
Chng 1.6. Yu cu v cht lng n ....30
Chng 1.7. Yu cu v h thng ni t ..32
Mc 1.7-1. Mc ch ca vic ni t ..32
Mc 1.7-2. Yu cu i vi h thng ni t ..... ....33
Mc 1.7-3. Ni t cc cng trnh li in.... .35
Mc 1.7-4. Ni t cho TBPP v TBA........ ..37
Chng 1.8. Yu cu v thi cng cc cng trnh li in...38
Mc 1.8-1. Quy nh chung ...........38
Mc 1.8-2. Cng tc chun b thi cng......40
Mc 1.8-3. Cc yu cu i vi phn xy dng lp t thit b......41
Mc 1.8-4. Cng tc xy lp ..42
Mc 1.8-5. Lp t dy dn v cp.......42
Mc 1.8-6. Lp t ng cp ngm...........47
Mc 1.8-7. Lp t ng dy ti in trn khng (DK) .48
Mc 1.8-8. Lp t h thng phn phi v trm bin p ....52
Mc 1.8-9. Lp t b t in..54
Mc 1.8-10. Lp t h thng phng chng chy v thng gi ........55
Mc 1.8-11. Lp t h thng chiu sng ....56
Mc 1.8-12. Lp t h thng ni t ..........56
Chng 1.9. Yu cu v vn hnh v bo dng .69
Mc 1.9-1. Ch huy iu - thao tc ...59
Mc 1.9-2. Nhim v vn hnh ..61
Mc 1.9-3. Cc phng tin ch huy iu v iu khin ..62
Mc 1.9-4. Vn hnh MBA v cun khng ...63
Mc 1.9-5. Vn hnh trang b phn phi in (TBPP)...............................................64
Mc 1.9-6. Vn hnh h thng c quy ..66
Mc 1.9-7. Vn hnh ng dy dn in trn khng (DK) ......66
Mc 1.9-8. Vn hnh ng cp in lc .......68
3

Mc 1.9-9. Vn hnh h thng r le bo v v t ng in ....69

Mc 1.9-10. Vn hnh h thng ni t .......70
Mc 1.9-11. Vn hnh h thng bo v qu in p ..71
Mc 1.9-12. Vn hnh h thng o lng in ...71
Chng 1.10. Yu cu v kim tra h thng li in ..72
Mc 1.10-1. Yu cu chung .72
Mc 1.10-2. Kim tra giao nhn hng ...73
Mc 1.10-3. Kim tra khi lp t DK v ng cp ngm ..73
Mc 1.10-4. Kim tra khi lp t thit b ca TBA .......75
Mc 1.10-5. Kim tra hon thnh

.......80

Mc 1.10-6. Kim tra nh k ..81

PHN 2: YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN ....85
Chng 2.1. Yu cu k thut i vi h dn in bng cp in p n 500kV 85
Chng 2.2. Yu cu k thut i vi h dn in in p n 1kV .98
Chng 2.3. Yu cu k thut i vi h dn in in p trn 1kV 102
Mc 2.3-1. Dy dn in ......102
Mc 2.3-2. Lp t dy dn v ph kin ....107
Mc 2.3-3. Ct, x, dy no .....113
Mc 2.3-4. DK i qua cc khu vc 115
Mc 2.3-5. DK giao cho, i gn hoc i chung ct vi DK khc .116
Mc 2.3-6. DK giao cho vi mng cp ngoi vi vin thng ....117
Mc 2.3-7. DK giao cho hoc i gn cc cng trnh giao thng ....119
Mc 2.3-8. DK giao cho vi ng cp treo, ng ng ...121
Mc 2.3-9. DK i qua khu vc c nc ...122
PHN 3: YU CU K THUT I VI TRANG B PHN PHI (TBPP) V
TRM BIN P (TBA) .124
Chng 3.1. Yu cu k thut i vi TBPP in p n 1kV ..124
Mc 3.1-1. Yu cu chung 124
Mc 3.1-2. Lp t trang b in in p n 1kV ....124
Mc 3.1-3. T bng phn phi in in p n 1kV ...124
Chng 3.2 Yu cu k thut i vi TBPP v TBA in p trn 1kV ....125
Mc 3.2-1. Trang b phn phi in ngoi tri (PNT)....127
Mc 3.2-2. Trang b phn phi in trong nh (PTN) ...136
Mc 3.2-3. H thng ph tr trong TBA .....140
Mc 3.2-4. Trm bin p phn xng .....141
4

Mc 3.2-5. Thit b phn phi v trm bin p trn ct 141

Mc 3.2-6. Bo v chng st cho TBA in p trn 1kV n 500kV .....143
Mc 3.2-7. Bo v chng st cho my in quay .....144
Mc 3.2-8. Bo v chng qu in p ni b .....145
Mc 3.2-9. Lp t my bin p lc .......145
Mc 3.2-10. H thng c quy ...147
PHN 4: H THNG IU KHIN, BO V V O LNG ....148
Chng 4.1. H thng iu khin ......148
Mc 4.1-1. Thit b iu khin v t ng .............148
Mc 4.1-2. T ng ng lp li (TL) ......148
Mc 4.1-3. T ng ng ngun d phng (TD) ..............150
Mc 4.1-4. T ng ngn nga mt n nh .....150
Mc 4.1-5. T ng ngn nga qu ti ca thit b in ....151
Mc 4.1-6. iu khin t xa ....151
Chng 4.2. H thng bo v ....152
Mc 4.2-1. H thng bo v cho h thng in in p n 1kV ......152
Mc 4.2-2. H thng bo v cho h thng in in p trn 1kV ......153
Mc 4.2-3. H thng bo v MBA v khng b ngang ....156
Mc 4.2-4. H thng bo v khi MBA v my pht in ...158
Mc 4.2-5. H thng bo v DK v cp trong li trung tnh cch ly .....159
Mc 4.2-6. H thng bo v DK v cp trong li trung tnh ni t .160
Mc 4.2-7. H thng bo v t b ...162
Mc 4.2-8. H thng bo v thanh ci ....162
Mc 4.2-9. Mch in th cp ....163
Chng 4.3 H thng o lng in .....164
Mc 4.3-1. H thng o m in nng .....164
Mc 4.3-2. H thng o lng in ....165

PH LC
Ph lc 1.2-1: Sn v nh s trong h thng in ....167
Ph lc 1.2-2: Vt liu cho thit b in .169
Ph lc 1.3: Khu vc mi trng nhim ....170
Ph lc 1.4-1: Hnh lang an ton ca DK ..171
Ph lc 1.4-2: Hnh lang an ton ca ng cp ngm ....171
Ph lc 1.5-1: Bo v chng tc hi ca mi trng ..172
Ph lc 1.5-2: H thng thu gom du s c .....173
Ph lc 1.7-1: Kch thc nh nht ca dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v ...174
Ph lc 1.7-2: Cc b phn c s dng lm dy ni t b sung ...174
Ph lc 1.7-3: Kch thc nh nht ca in cc ni t ...175
Ph lc 1.7-4: Li san bng in p

.....176

Ph lc 1.7-5: Ni t cho vt kim loi gn DK ..177

Ph lc 1.7-6: Tnh ton in p tip xc, in p bc v in tr ni t 178
Ph lc 2.1-1: Quy nh m mu ca dy bc v cp ..184
Ph lc 2.1-2: in tr 1 chiu ln nht ca li dn in 184
Ph lc 2.1-3: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp .185
Ph lc 2.1-4: H s iu chnh dng in lu di cho php ca cp ...192
Ph lc 2.1-5: ng ngn mch cho php ca cp .194
Ph lc 2.1-6: M IP .....195
Ph lc 2.1-7. Bn knh un cong cho php ca cp ......196
Ph lc 2.1-8: Cng trnh cp .....197
Ph lc 2.1-9: Lp t gi cp v cp ..198
Ph lc 2.2: Cp vn xon h p 199
Ph lc 2.3-1: Cp vn xon v cp bc trung p ...200
Ph lc 2.3-2: Tnh ton ph ti theo mt dng in kinh t

.208

Ph lc 2.3-3: La chn theo tn tht in p cho php 209

Ph lc 2.3-4: Nhit pht nng cho php ca dy dn v cp .210
Ph lc 2.3-5: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn in trn 211
Ph lc 2.3-6: Dy dn in trn ACSR ..221
Ph lc 2.3-7: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn in 222
Ph lc 2.3-8: iu kin kh hu tnh ton i vi dy dn in 226
Ph lc 2.3-9: Kim tra theo iu kin vng quang ......229
Ph lc 2.3-10: Kim tra theo iu kin ngn mch ..230

Ph lc 2.3-11: Tnh ton la chn dy chng st 231

Ph lc 2.3-12: Cch in treo

.232

Ph lc 2.3-13: bn c hc ca cch in ...234

Ph lc 2.3-14: Tnh ton v ct ...234
Ph lc 2.3-15: Sn v bo hiu trn ct ..237
Ph lc 2.3-16: Tnh ton nhiu vng quang .237
Ph lc 3.1-1: H s iu chnh dng in ca cp 238
Ph lc 3.2-1: La chn my ct in

238

Ph lc 3.2-2: La chn cu chy ...239

Ph lc 3.2-3: Chiu sng TBPP v TBA ..239
Ph lc 3.2-4: Kh nng chu nhit ca t bng in ..240
Ph lc 3.2-5: Tnh ton lng thng gi ..240
Ph lc 3.2-6: Bo v chng st cho nhnh r DK 35kV..241
Ph lc 4.1-1: H thng iu khin tch hp my tnh.242
Ph lc 4.3-1: K hiu cc chc nng bo v v t ng ..243
Ph lc 4.3-2: Thit lp nhy .246
Ph lc 4.3-3: Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho MBA.249
Ph lc 4.3-4: Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho DK v cp ...251
Ph lc 4.5-1: Yu cu i vi thit b ca h thng o m in nng ..253
Ph lc 4.5-2: Yu cu u ni ca H thng o m in nng..255
Ph lc 4.5-3: Yu cu k thut i vi nim phong, cp ch v bo mt 256

PHN 1
QUY NH CHUNG
CHNG 1.1 PHN CHUNG
iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun k thut quc gia v k thut in (sau y gi tt l Quy chun k thut)
p dng cho cc cng trnh in xy mi v ci to c in p n 500kV.
i vi cng trnh m rng phi xem xt phi hp p dng Quy chun k thut ny vi
Quy phm in p dng cho cng trnh mt cch hp l, kinh t.
Quy chun k thut ny p dng cho h dn in trong nh v ngoi tri bao gm:
- ng cp in in p n 500kV;
- ng dy truyn ti v phn phi in in p n 500kV;
- Trm bin p v trm ct in p n 500kV k c cc h thng ph tr nh: h thng
ni t, h thng iu khin, bo v v o lng.
Bng 1: Phm vi p dng i vi h dn in
Loi
ng
dy

Ni lp t
chnh

Cc
ng
dy
trong
nh v
ngoi
tri

- Trong
ta nh,
vn phng,
c quan,
x nghip
- Trn cc kt
cu xy dng,
tng, a
im xy dng

ng
cp
in

- Ngm
- Trong cng
trnh cp, trong
- Cp
nc v gian
sn xut
- Trong nh
my in

DK

Ghi ch:

Trn ct
b tng hoc
ct thp

Loi dy
dn

n
1kV

Phm vi p dng
Trn 1kV 110 220 500
n 35kV kV kV kV

Tham
chiu
n
Chng
2.2

- Dy bc
- Dy trn

Chng
2.3-1
Chng
3.1-2
Chng
2.1

Chng
2.2-1

- Dy bc

Chng
2.2

- Dy trn

A: Phm vi p dng,

-: Phm vi khng p dng.

Chng
2.3

- Quy chun k thut ny khng p dng cho cc dy dn c bit cung cp in cho thit
b in, khng p dng cho cc h dn in ca ng st chy in, tu in v cc t
in, v.v.
- Ph lc l phn hng dn thc hin.
iu 2. i tng p dng
Quy chun k thut ny p dng i vi t chc, c nhn c hot ng in lc trn lnh
th Vit Nam lin quan n thit k, thi cng xy lp v vn hnh h thng in in p
n 500kV, tn s 50 Hz.
Quy chun k thut ny p dng cho cng vic thit k, xy dng, ci to v vn hnh
cc cng trnh ng dy truyn ti v phn phi in, trm bin p trung gian v phn
phi in c in p n 500kV.
iu 3. Gii thch t ng
Cc thut ng c dng vi ngha nh sau:
Phi: bt buc thc hin.
Cn: cn thit, cn c nhng khng bt buc.
Nn: khng bt buc nhng thc hin th tt hn.
Thng hoc thng thng: c tnh ph bin, c s dng rng ri.
Cho php hoc c php: c thc hin, nh vy l tho ng v cn thit.
Khng nh hn hoc t nht l: l nh nht.
Khng ln hn hoc nhiu nht l: l ln nht.
T ... n ...: k c tr s u v tr s cui.
Khong cch: t im n n im kia.
Khong trng: t mp n n mp kia trong khng kh.
DK: vit tt ca ng dy dn in trn khng.
TBPP: vit tt ca trang b phn phi in.
TBA: vit tt ca trm bin p.
PNT: vit tt ca trang b phn phi in ngoi tri.
PTN: vit tt ca trang b phn phi in trong nh.
PTB: vit tt ca trang b phn phi in trn b.
TT: vit tt ca ng dy thng tin
TH: vit tt ca ng dy tn hiu
Hnh lang an ton: hnh lang bo v an ton cho cng trnh in bao gm DK, ng
cp, trm bin p, trm ng ct.
Hnh lang vn hnh: hnh lang dc theo cc t in hoc t TBPP trn b vn hnh
thit b in.
Hnh lang thot n: hnh lang m ca ca ngn n m ra pha .
Mng cp ngoi vi vin thng: b phn ca mng li vin thng ch yu nm bn ngoi
nh trm vin thng, bao gm tt c cc cp vin thng c treo ni, chn trc tip, i
trong cng b, i trong cc ng hm.
H dn in: tp hp cc ct in, vt cch in, dy dn in, cp in, cc ph kin v
cc thit b bo v lin quan.
9

 vng ln nht:
- vng ln nht ca dy dn c xc nh theo nhit mi trng ln nht v tr
lp t khi dy dn mang dng in pht nng lu di cho php ca dy dn .
- Khong cch t dy dn ca DK n mt t, mt nc hoc cu trc khc, tnh t
dy dn thp nht khi vng ca dy dn ln nht trng thi tnh.
iu 4. nh ngha
1. H thng nng lng (Energy System)
H thng nng lng l mng li cung cp in nng v nhit nng, c quan h mt
thit vi nhau v iu kin vn hnh, sn xut v phn phi cng nh qu trnh tiu th.
2. H thng in (Power System)
H thng in l mt phn ca H thng nng lng loi tr mng li Nhit.
3. H thng in quc gia (National Power System)
H thng in quc gia l h thng in ton quc bao gm cc nh my in, cc
ng dy truyn ti v phn phi in, cc trm bin p v cc thit b lin quan lin kt
vi nhau v c ch huy thng nht trong phm vi c nc ca cc c quan tham gia
vn hnh, qun l v iu hnh sn xut, truyn ti v cung cp in.
4. S h thng in (Power System Diagram)
S h thng in l s th hin cc thng tin v h thng in, ni dung thng tin
ty thuc vo cc yu cu c th.
5. S vn hnh h thng in (Power System Operational Diagram)
S vn hnh h thng in l s biu th mt phng thc vn hnh nht nh.
6. Quy hoch h thng in (Power System Planning)
Quy hoch h thng in l ton b cc nghin cu v chng trnh lin quan n s
pht trin ca h thng in, bo m cc tnh nng kinh t - k thut, bo m yu cu
tng trng ph ti in.
7. Cng trnh in lc (Power Monument)
Cng trnh in lc l tp hp cc phng tin, my mc, thit b, kt cu xy dng
phc v trc tip cho pht in, truyn ti in, phn phi in, iu h thng in,
mua bn in; h thng bo v cng trnh in lc; hnh lang bo v an ton li in;
t s dng cho cng trnh in lc v cng trnh ph tr khc.
8. Trung tm in lc (Power Center)
Trung tm in lc l cm cc nh my in c xy dng lin k nhau.
9. Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia (National load dispatch Center)
L n v iu hnh hot ng ca h thng in quc gia bao gm: lp k hoch pht
in, phng thc vn hnh, ch huy vn hnh HT v iu phi cc t my pht in
c u ni vi h thng in Quc gia, kim sot h thng li in truyn ti, chi phi
vic mua bn in vi cc h thng in bn ngoi Vit Nam.
10. H thng SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System)
H thng SCADA l mt h thng c s dng ti cc trung tm iu khin thu thp
d liu nhm phc v vic gim st, iu khin v vn hnh h thng in, thit b in.
11. H thng b cng sut phn khng (Reactive Power Compensation System)
H thng b cng sut phn khng l h thng b bng t in, hoc bng my b
10

ng b.
12. Lin kt cc h thng in (Interconnection of power systems)
Lin kt cc h thng in l s ghp ni cc h thng in vi nhau trao i in
nng.
13. S lm vic ng b ca h thng in (Synchronous Operation of Power
Systems)
S lm vic ng b ca h thng in l trng thi ca h thng in trong tt c
cc nh my in lm vic ng b vi nhau.
14. Cng sut d phng ca h thng in (Reserve Power of a Power System)
Cng sut d phng ca h thng in l s chnh lch gia tng cng sut kh dng
v nhu cu cng sut ca h thng in.
15. n nh ca h thng in (Power System Stability)
n nh ca h thng in l kh nng lp li trng thi xc lp ca mt h thng
in, c trng bi s vn hnh ng b ca cc my pht sau mt nhiu lon, v d do
bin thin cng sut hoc tng tr.
16. n nh tnh ca h thng in (Static Stability of a Power System)
n nh tnh ca h thng in l s n nh ca h thng in sau cc nhiu lon c
bin tng i nh v tc bin thin chm.
17. n nh ng ca h thng in (Dinamic Stability of a Power System)
n nh ng ca h thng in l s tr v n nh tnh ca h thng in trong
cc tr s nhiu lon c th c bin v/hoc tc bin thin tng i nhanh.
18. n nh c iu kin ca h thng in (Conditional Stability of a Power
System)
n nh c iu kin ca h thng in l s tr v trng thi n nh tnh ca h
thng in khi c h tr ca iu khin t ng.
19. Ch xc lp ca h thng in (Steady State of a Power System)
Ch xc lp ca h thng in l cc iu kin vn hnh trong cc thng s trng
thi ca h thng in c coi l n nh.
20. Ch qu ca h thng in (Transient State of a Power System)
Ch qu ca h thng in l cc iu kin vn hnh trong t nht mt thng
s trng thi ang thay i, thng l trong mt khong thi gian ngn.
21. Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha (Balanced State of a Polyphase
Network)
Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha l iu kin trong in p v dng in
trong cc dy dn pha to thnh h thng nhiu pha cn bng.
22. Trng thi khng cn bng ca li in nhiu pha (Unbalanced State of a
Polyphase Network)
Trng thi khng cn bng ca li in nhiu pha l iu kin trong in p
v/hoc dng in trong cc dy dn pha khng to thnh h thng nhiu pha cn bng.
23. Qun l nhu cu ca h thng in (Power System Demand Management)
Qun l nhu cu ca h thng in l qun l nhu cu s dng in ca cc khch
hng trong h thng in.
24. D bo nhu cu ca h thng in (Management Forecast of a Power System)
11

D bo nhu cu ca h thng in l s chun b v kim tra cc chng trnh pht

in, tc l phn d phng v phn vn hnh, bao gm phn tch s mng li
cung cp in kinh t nht cho cc ph ti d kin vi mc an ton cn thit trong
khong thi gian xc nh, trong mt h thng xc nh, c xt n tt c nhng trng
hp hin ti v nhng tnh hung c th xy ra.
25. S tng cng ca h thng in (Reinforcement of a Power System)
S tng cng ca h thng in l s tng thm hoc thay th mt s phn t ca h
thng in (nh cc my bin p, ng dy, my pht in, v.v.) h thng c th p
ng s gia tng ph ti hoc cung cp in bo m cht lng.
26. Kh nng qu ti (Overload Capacity)
Kh nng qu ti l ti cao nht c th duy tr trong mt thi gian ngn.
27. Sa thi ph ti (Load Shedding)
Sa thi ph ti l qu trnh ngt kt ni c tnh ton cc ph ti c la chn trc
ra khi h thng in lin quan n iu kin bt bnh thng duy tr s n nh cho
phn cn li ca h thng in.
28. D bo c cu ngun pht in (Generation Mix Forecast)
D bo c cu ngun pht in l mt s c tnh t hp h thng pht in ti mt
thi im xc nh trong tng lai.
29. Khi ng lnh ca t my pht nhit in (Cold start-up of a Thermal
Generating Set)
Khi ng lnh ca t my pht nhit in l qu trnh m trong t my pht in
c nng tc , ha vo h thng v mang ti sau mt thi gian di ngng vn hnh.
30. Khi ng nng ca t my pht nhit in (Hot start-up of a Thermal
Generating Set)
Khi ng nng ca t my pht nhit in l qu trnh trong t my pht in
c nng tc , ho vo h thng v mang ti sau thi gian ngn khng vn hnh m
tnh trng nhit ca tua bin cha thay i nhiu.
31. Cng sut kh dng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my in) (Available
Capacity of a Unit or of a power station)
Cng sut kh dng ca mt t my in (hoc mt nh my in) l cng sut pht
thc t cc i ca t my pht in (hoc nh my in) c th pht n nh, lin tc
trong mt khong thi gian xc nh.
32 D phng nng (Hot Stand-by)
D phng nng l tng cng sut kh dng ca cc t my pht in ang chy khng
ti hoc non ti pht in nhanh vo h thng in.
33. D phng ngui (Cold Reserve)
D phng ngui l tng cng sut kh dng ca cc t my pht in d phng khi cn
thit s khi ng (c th ko di vi gi) kt ni vo h thng in.
34. D phng s c (Outage Reserve)
D phng s c l cng sut d phng c th huy ng c trong vng 24 gi.
35. D bo ph ti (Load Forecast)
D bo ph ti l s c tnh ph ti d kin ca li in ti mt thi im tng lai
12

nht nh.
36. Ngun in c lp (Stand Alone Power Supply Resource)
Ngun in c lp l ngun in cung cp in c lp tch ri vi h thng in quc
gia.
37. tin cy cung cp in (Service Reliability)
tin cy cung cp in l ch tiu xc nh kh nng ca h thng in p ng chc
nng cung cp in trong nhng iu kin n nh v trong khong thi gian xc nh.
38. an ton cung cp in (Service Security)
an ton cung cp in l ch tiu xc nh kh nng ca mt h thng in thc hin
chc nng cung cp in trong trng hp s c.
39. Khai thc kinh t ph ti (Economic loading Schedule)
Khai thc kinh t ph ti l vic khai thc cc thnh phn sn c ca li in sao
cho t hiu qu kinh t nht.
40. Truyn ti in (Transmission of electricity)
Truyn ti in l s chuyn ti nng lng in t khu vc ny n khu vc khc.
41. Phn phi in (Distribution of electricity)
Phn phi in l s phn phi in nng ti cc khch hng tiu th in.
42.Cn bng li phn phi in (Balancing of a distribution network)
Cn bng li phn phi in l s phn b nhu cu in ca cc h tiu th cc pha
khc nhau ca li phn phi sao cho mc cn bng dng in gia cc pha l cao nht.
43. Cung cp in cao p (High Voltage Providing Electricity)
Cung cp in cao p l phng thc cung cp in cao p vo tn h tiu th.
44. H s khng cn bng pha (Imbalance Factor)
H s khng cn bng pha c biu din bng t l (phn trm) gia gi tr hiu dng
ca thnh phn th t nghch (hoc thnh phn th t khng) i vi thnh phn th t
thun ca in p hoc dng in trong h thng in 3 pha.
45. n nh ca ph ti (Load Stability)
n nh ca ph ti l kh nng lp li ch xc lp sau mt nhiu lon ca ti.
46. S phc hi ti (Load Recovery)
S phc hi ti l s tng ti tr li ca h tiu th in hoc h thng in sau khi phc
hi in p, tc phc hi ph thuc vo cc c tnh ca ti .
47. Quy trnh vn hnh (Operation regulation)
Quy trnh vn hnh l nhng quy nh v cc ch s kinh t, cc tiu chun k thut, tnh
ng b v an ton, tin cy ca h thng in do cc c quan nh nc c thm
quyn ban hnh cho vic lp k hoch, phng thc v vn hnh h thng in.
48. im u ni (Connection point)
im u ni l im ni trang thit b, li in v nh my in ca t chc, c nhn
c nhu cu u ni vo h thng in quc gia.
49. Mc n (Noise Level)
Mc n l n cho php do thit b khi vn hnh gy ra khng lm nh hng n sc
khe ca con ngi sng trong khu vc b nh hng.
13

50. Phi hp cch in (Imbalance Factor)

Phi hp cch in l s ghp ni b sung cch in bo m sc bn in mi ca
thit b lin quan n cc in p vn hnh v qu in p c th xut hin trn h thng
in m thit b c d kin v c tnh n mi trng vn hnh v c tnh ca cc
thit b bo v.
51. Khong trng lm vic nh nht (Minimum Working Clearance)
Khong trng lm vic nh nht l khong khng gian nh nht bo m an ton,
c duy tr gia phn mang in vi ngi lm vic hoc vi dng c dn in m
ngi lm vic ang s dng.
52. Khong trng cch in nh nht (Minimum Clearance)
Khong trng cch in nh nht l khong cch ly nh nht trong khng kh, khong
trng ny phi c tun th gia phn mang in vi t hoc gia cc phn mang
in vi nhau.
53. H dn in (Electrical System)
H dn in l tp hp cc ct in, vt cch in, dy dn in, cp in, cc ph kin
v cc thit b bo v lin quan lm nhim v chuyn ti in.
Theo loi vt liu s dng v v tr lp t h dn in c chia thnh:
a) H dn in mm: s dng dy dn mm, thanh ci mm;
b) H dn in cng: s dng thanh ci cng, thanh dn cng;
c) H dn in lp t trong nh:
- Lp t h: cc ng dy in lp t trn b mt tng, trn nh, v ko v cc phn
kin trc khc bn trong ca to nh v cng trnh, m khng c che chn cch ly vi
mi trng xung quanh;
- Lp t kn: cc ng dy in lp t bn trong phn kin trc ca to nh v cng
trnh.
d) H dn in lp t ngoi tri:
- Lp t h: cc ng dy in c lp t bn ngoi cc cng trnh xy dng, v.v.
m khng c che chn cch ly vi mi trng xung quanh;
- Lp t kn: cc ng dy in c lp t kn bn trong cc kt cu cng trnh xy
dng, v.v.
e) H dn in m rng:
H dn in m rng l h dn in c lp t ni ng dy truyn ti hin c vi
nh my in, trm bin p hoc ng dy mi c xy dng.
54. Trang b in (Electrical Equipment)
Trang b in l nhng tp hp kt ni cc thit b in dng sn xut, bin i,
truyn ti, phn phi v tiu th in nng. Cc trang b in trong Quy chun k thut
ny c chia thnh 2 loi:
- Loi c in p n 1kV;
- Loi c in p trn 1kV.
55. V tr v cch lp t trang b in
Trang b in ngoi tri l cc thit b in c lp t ngoi tri.
- Trang b in ngoi tri kiu h: bao gm cc thit b in khi lp t khng c
che bc bo v chng tip xc trc tip v khng c che chn, ngn nga tc
ng vi mi trng;
14

- Trang b in ngoi tri kiu kn: bao gm cc thit b in khi lp t c v che bc

bo v chng tip xc trc tip v tc ng vi mi trng
Trang b in trong nh bao gm cc thit b in c lp t trong nh hoc phng
kn.
- Trang b in trong nh kiu h: l cc thit b in khng c bo v hon ton
chng tip xc trc tip;
- Trang b in trong nh kiu kn: bao gm cc thit b c bo v hon ton
chng tip xc trc tip.
56. Dy dn in, ng dy v cp in (Wire, Line and Cable)
Dy dn in l mt phn t mang dng in, c hoc khng c v bc cch in.
Dy dn trn l dy khng bc cch in.
Dy bc l dy c v bc cch in.
ng dy l s kt ni dy dn in thnh tuyn mch truyn in nng gia hai b
phn ca li in.
ng dy in trong nh hoc ngoi tri l cc ng dy phn phi lp trong cc
nh (bao gm cc ta nh v cc x nghip) hoc lp ngoi tri (trn cc cng trnh, trn
tng, trn nhng kt cu xy dng, v.v.).
Cp l dy dn in, c mt hoc nhiu li, c bc bi vt liu cch in tng ng
vi cp in p, c hoc khng c v, ai thp bo v.
57. ng dy phn phi in v ng dy truyn ti in (Distribution Line
and Transmission Line)
ng dy phn phi in l ng dy c cp in p t 35kV tr xung v cc
ng dy c in p 110kV trc tip thc hin chc nng cung cp in n cc trm
bin p phn phi cho khch hng s dng in.
ng dy truyn ti l ng dy c cp in p t 220kV tr ln v cc ng dy
c in p 110kV lm nhim v truyn ti cng sut t cc nh my in v/hoc truyn
ti in trong h thng in quc gia.
58. ng dy dn in trn khng (DK) (Overhead Power Line)
DK l ng dy truyn ti hoc phn phi in nng lp t ngoi tri, dng dy dn
in, mc trn vt cch in v ph kin, b tr trn ct hoc trn kt cu ca cng trnh.
59. Thit b in ngm du (Oil-Immersed Electrical Equipment)
Thit b in ngm du l thit b c b phn ngm trong du trnh tip xc vi mi
trng xung quanh, tng cng cch in, lm mt.
60. Thit b in chng chy n (Explosive Resistant Electrical Equipment)
Thit b in chng chy n l trang b in c php dng nhng ni c mi
trng d chy n mi cp.
61. Vt liu k thut in (Electrical Materials)
Vt liu k thut in l nhng vt liu c s dng trong k thut in.
62. Gian in (Electrical Hall)
Gian in l gian nh hoc phn ca nh c ngn ring t thit b in v/hoc t
bng in.
a) Gian kh l gian c m tng i khng vt qu 75%. Trong trng hp khng c
nhng iu kin quy nh trong gian hoc ch nh di y (gian nng, gian bi, ch c
15

mi trng ha cht hot tnh mnh), th nhng gian nh vy gi l gian bnh thng;
b) Gian m l gian c m tng i vt qu 75%;
c) Gian rt m l gian c m tng i xp x 100% (trn, sn nh v vt trong
nh m hi);
d) Gian nng l gian c nhit vt qu +35oC trong thi gian 24 gi lin tip;
) Gian chy n l gian lp thit b c th gy nguy c chy n;
e) Gian hoc ni bi l gian hoc ni c nhiu bi, c chia thnh gian (hoc ni) c
thnh phn dn in v khng c thnh phn dn in.
f) Gian hoc ni nguy him l gian hoc ni c mt trong nhng yu t sau:
- t hoc c bi dn in (Xem Gian m v Gian bi);
- Nn, sn nh dn in (bng kim loi, t, b tng, ct thp, gch v.v.);
- Nhit cao (xem Gian nng);
- C kh nng ngi tip xc ng thi vi mt bn l kt cu kim loi ca nh ca
hoc thit b cng ngh, my mc v.v. ni t v bn kia l v kim loi ca thit b in;
- C cng in trng ln hn mc cho php.
g) Gian hoc ni rt nguy him l gian hoc ni c mt trong nhng yu t sau:
- Rt m (xem Gian rt m);
- C hot tnh ho hc (xem "ni c mi trng hot tnh ha hc);
- ng thi c hai yu t ca gian nguy him.
h) Gian hoc ni t nguy him l gian hoc ni khng thuc mt trong hai loi trn.
i) Gian hoc ni mi trng c hot tnh ho hc l ni thng xuyn hoc trong thi
gian di c cha hi, kh, cht lng c th to ra cc cht, nm mc dn n ph hng
phn cch in v/hoc phn dn in ca thit b in.
63. H thng ng ct cch in kh (GIS) (Gas Insulated Switchgear )
H thng ng ct cch in kh (GIS) l b phn ng ct c t kn v phn cch
in bn trong bng kh cch in c p lc.
64. Mc cch in (Insulation Level)
Mc cch in l c tnh c xc nh bi mt s ch s biu th bng in p chu
ng cho cch in ca thit b. Mc cch in phi c chn c th theo in p xc
lp cao nht cho thit b (Um), in p chu ng ngn hn tn s cng nghip, mc
cch in xung c s (BIL) v in p chu xung khi ng ct danh nh.
65. Mc cch in xung c s (Basic Impulse Insulation Level - BIL)
Mc cch in xung c s l sc bn cch in ca thit b i vi xung in p, c
biu din bng gi tr nh ca sng in p xung (st) chun v c s dng th
hin kh nng chu ng ca cch in ca cc thit b (nh my bin p, thit b ng
ct, v.v.) i vi cc mc in p nht nh.
66. Cch in ngoi (External Insulation)
Cch in ngoi l khong cch trong kh quyn v trn b mt tip xc vi khng kh
ca cch in rn ca thit b m chng chu tc ng ca ng sut in mi, tc ng ca
kh quyn v cc tc ng bn ngoi khc nh: nhim, m, v.v.
67. Cch in trong (Internal Insulation)
Cch in trong l cc khong cch trong ca cch in rn, lng hoc khi bn trong
thit b c bo v chng tc ng ca kh quyn v cc tc ng bn ngoi khc.

16

68. Cch in t phc hi (Self-restoring Insulation)

Cch in t phc hi l cch in, m sau mt thi gian ngn, t khi phc li hon
ton nhng c tnh cch in sau khi b phng in.
69. Cch in khng t phc hi (Insulation Co-ordination and double insulation)
Cch in khng t phc hi l cch in b mt nhng c tnh cch in, hoc khng
khi phc li hon ton nhng c tnh cch in, sau khi b phng in.
70. Phi hp cch in (Imbalance Factor)
Phi hp cch in l s ghp ni b sung cch in bo m sc bn in mi ca
thit b lin quan n cc in p vn hnh v qu in p c th xut hin trn h thng
in c tnh n mi trng vn hnh v c tnh ca cc thit b bo v.
71. Cch in chnh (Main Insulation)
- Cch in ca b phn mang in c tc dng bo v chnh l chng in git.
- Cch in chnh khng nht thit bao gm phn cch in s dng ring cho cc mc
ch chc nng.
72. Cch in ph (Auxiliary Insulation)
Cch in ph l cch in c lp b sung vo cch in chnh bo v chng in
git trong trng hp cch in chnh b hng.
73. Cch in kp (Double Insulation)
L 2 cch in cng chng loi, cng c tnh k thut.
74. Gi tr nh mc (Rated value)
Gi tr nh mc l gi tr ca mt i lng, thng do nh ch to n nh cho iu
kin vn hnh quy nh i vi mt phn t, mt thit b hoc dng c.
75. Cp in p (Voltage level)
Cp in p l tr s in p danh nh, c s dng trong mt h thng.
76. in p danh nh ca h thng in (Nominal Voltage)
in p danh nh ca h thng in l mt tr s in p gn ng thch hp c
dng nh r hoc nhn dng mt h thng in.
77. in p vn hnh trong h thng in (Operating Voltage)
in p vn hnh trong h thng in l tr s in p trong iu kin lm vic bnh
thng, mt thi im v ti mt im cho ca h thng in.
78. in p cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng (Highest (or Lowest) Voltage
of a Power System)
in p vn hnh cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng l in p vn hnh cao
nht (hoc thp nht) trong cc iu kin vn hnh bnh thng bt k thi im no
v ti bt k im no trong h thng.
79. in p cao nht i vi thit b (Highest Voltage for Equipment)
in p cao nht i vi thit b l in p pha pha cao nht cho thit b, theo
cch in cng nh cc c tnh in p lin quan khc da vo cc tiu chun thit b
tng ng.
80. lch in p (Voltage deviation)
lch in p c th hin bng phn trm, gia in p ti mt thi im cho ti
mt im ca h thng v in p i chiu nh: in p danh nh, tr s trung bnh ca
in p vn hnh, hoc in p cung cp, v.v. theo tho thun.

17

81. Bin ng in p (Voltage Fluctuation)

Bin ng in p l hng lot cc thay i hoc s bin thin c chu k ca in p.
82. Qu in p (Overvoltage)
Qu in p l in p bt k gia pha v t hoc gia cc pha vi nh vt qu tr s
nh tng ng ca in p cao nht ca thit b.
83. Tn tht in p ng dy (Line Voltage Drop)
Tn tht in p ng dy l in p chnh lch ti mt thi im cho gia hai gi
tr in p c o ti hai v tr xc nh trn mt ng dy.
84. Qu in p tm thi (Temporary Overvoltage)
Qu in p tm thi l mt gi tr qu in p dao ng ( tn s ca li) ti mt v tr
xc nh m khng gim c hoc tt dn trong mt thi gian tng i lu.
85. Qu in p qu (Transient Overvoltage)
Qu in p qu l qu in p din ra trong thi gian ngn, vi mili giy hoc ngn
hn, c dao ng hoc khng dao ng, thng tt nhanh.
86. S tng vt in p (Voltage Surge)
S tng vt in p l sng in p qu lan dc ng dy hoc mt mch in, c
trng bi s tng in p rt nhanh, sau gim chm.
87. Phc hi in p (Voltage Recovery)
Phc hi in p l s phc hi in p ti mt tr s gn vi tr s trc ca n sau
khi in p b suy gim, b sp hoc b mt.
88. S khng cn bng in p (Voltage Unbalance)
S khng cn bng in p l hin tng khc nhau gia in p trn cc pha, do s
khc nhau gia cc dng in ti hoc s khng i xng hnh hc trn ng dy.
89. Qu in p thao tc (Switching Overvoltage)
Qu in p thao tc l qu in p qu c hnh dng tng t vi dng xung in
p ng ct tiu chun, c nh gi cho mc ch phi hp cch in.
90. Qu in p st (Lightning Overvoltage)
Qu in p st l qu in p qu c hnh dng tng t vi hnh dng ca xung st
tiu chun, c nh gi cho mc ch phi hp cch in.
91. Qu in p cng hng (Resonant Overvoltage)
Qu in p cng hng l qu in p pht sinh do dao ng cng hng duy tr
trong h thng in.
92. in p phc hi qu (Transient Recovery Voltage-TRV)
in p phc hi qu l in p khi phc trong thi gian c c tnh qu khi ct
dng in ca thit b cm ng in t. in p phc hi qu c th l dao ng hoc
khng dao ng hoc kt hp c hai ph thuc vo cc c tnh ca mch v thit b
ng ct. N bao gm s dch chuyn in p trung tnh ca mch nhiu pha. in p
phc hi qu tc ng ch yu ln cc ct u tin trong mch in 3 pha.
93. ng cp in (Power Cable Lines)
ng cp in l ng dy truyn ti in hoc ng dy phn phi in s dng
dy cp, lp t ngm di t, trong cc cng trnh cp, di nc (sng, bin), trong
nh xng sn xut, v.v. v c kt ni bng hp u cp, hp ni cp v cc chi tit
gi cp.

18

94. Cng trnh cp (Cable Structures)

Cng trnh cp gm c cc loi sau y:
Hm cp l cng trnh ngm trong t cc kt cu t cp v cc hp ni, cho
php i li d dng t cp, sa cha v kim tra cp, c khong cch gia sn v
trn khng nh hn 1,8m.
Tng cp l phn ca to nh c gii hn bi sn nh v trn, c khong cch gia
sn v cc tm trn khng nh hn 1,8m.
Bung cp l cng trnh kn bng cc tm b tng, dng t cp, hp ni cp hoc
lun cp vo khi cp.
Hnh lang cp l cng trnh kn ton b hoc tng phn, b tr st mt t hoc cao hn
mt t, t nm ngang hoc nghing; hnh lang cp i li c.
Ho cp l cng trnh ngm, cp t trc tip trong t.
Mng cp l cng trnh ngm chm ton b hoc tng phn, khng i li c.
Trc khi t cp, kim tra, sa cha cp phi d phn tm che trn.
Sn kp l khong trng gia 2 lp sn, hoc gia sn v tm chn m cc tm chn
ny c th tho g c ton b hoc tng phn din tch phng.
Khi cp l cng trnh gm cc khi c sn c l c xp di lin tc lun cp.
Ging cp l cng trnh t cp thng ng hoc nghing c hoc khng c thang tro
ln xung.
Cu cp l cng trnh h hoc kn c kt cu t cp, b tr st mt t hoc cao hn
mt t, t nm ngang hoc nghing c hoc khng c hnh lang i li.
Mng cp l kt cu kiu hp t trong nh hoc ngoi tri. Mng cp c th l loi vch
lin, c l hoc dng mt sng v c ch to bng vt liu khng chy.
Gi cp l kt cu dng gi cho trng thi ca cp khng vng qu mc quy nh.
95. Trm in (Power Station)
Trm in l tn gi chung ca trm bin p v trm ng ct.
96. Trang b phn phi (TBPP) (Distribution Equipment)
TBPP l cc thit b in dng trong h thng phn phi in nng, gm cc my ct, cc
dao cch ly, cc trang b iu khin, bo v v o lng, cc thanh dn, cc cu trc lin
quan v cc thit b ph tr (kh nn, c quy, v.v.).
97. Trm bin p (TBA) (Substation)
TBA l cng trnh bin i in p v truyn ti cng sut in qua my bin p, TBA
c chia thnh cc loi:
TBA ngoi tri l trm m cc thnh phn chnh ca n nh cc my bin p, cc my
ct, v cc thanh dn c t ngoi tri.
TBA trong nh l trm c b tr trong nh .
TBA lin nh l TBA xy dng lin vi nh chnh.
TBA phn xng l TBA b tr trong nh phn xng sn xut (t chung phng hoc
trong gian ring).
TBA trn b l TBA c trang b vi MBA v cc c cu in trn b (t phn phi trn
b (Cc ngn phn phi trn b trong nh hoc ngoi tri, v.v.) lp rp sn ton b
hoc tng khi lp t.
TBA trn b trong nh l TBA trn b b tr trong nh.
TBA trn b ngoi tri l TBA trn b b tr ngoi tri.
TBA trn ct l TBA ngoi tri, tt c cc thit b cao p u t trn ct hoc kt cu
trn cao, cao an ton v in, khng c ro chn xung quanh.
TBA truyn ti l TBA c cp in p 220kV tr ln v TBA c cp in p 110kV c ni
19

trc tip vi nh my in.

TBA phn phi l trm bin p c in p n 35kV v TBA 110kV lm nhim v phn
phi in cho khch hng tiu th.
98. Trm ng ct (Switching Station)
Trm ng ct l trm gm cc thit b ng ct, phn phi hoc truyn ti in v
khng lp t my bin p lc.
99. Ngn lp t in (Installation Compartments)
Ngn lp t in l ngn trong lp t thit b in v thanh dn.
Ngn kn l ngn lp t in c che kn tt c cc pha, c mt ca thot lm bng
cnh kn (khng phi tm li).
Ngn ro chn l ngn lp t in m tt c cc pha c ro chn hon ton
hoc mt phn (bng vt liu dng li hoc bng li kt hp vi tm kn).
Ngn n l ngn kn dng t cc thit b cn c ngn cch hn ch hu qu do
s c n bn trong. Ca m ra pha ngoi hoc hng ra pha hnh lang thot n.
100. Thit b bo v (Protective Devices)
Thit b bo v l thit b t ng ct mch in c bo v khi b s c xy ra trong
mch .
101. Cc loi bo v (Types of Protection)
Bo v chnh l bo v ch yu, tc ng trc tin.
Bo v kp l hai bo v chnh, c lp, cch ly vt l, cng thi gian tc ng.
Bo v d phng l bo v ph, ch tc ng khi bo v chnh khng tc ng.
102. Ct bo v (Protective Breaking)
Ct bo v l ct t ng c thc hin bng thit b bo v i vi tt c cc pha hoc
cc cc khi c s c xy ra ti mt b phn trong li in.
103. H thng iu khin t xa (Remote Control Systems)
H thng iu khin t xa bao gm iu khin t xa, tn hiu t xa, thu thp s liu t
xa (SCADA), cc h thng o lng xa v iu chnh xa.
104. Mch th cp (Secondary Circuits)
Mch th cp l tp hp bao gm mch iu khin, o lng, tn hiu, kim tra, t ng
v mch bo v ca cc hot ng in.
105. Cng t in (Electricity Meter)
Cng t in l dng c xc nh nng lng in truyn qua im u ni.
Cng t chnh l cng t c s dng xc nh sn lng in truyn qua nt u
ni v s dung trong quan h mua bn in.
Cng t ph l cng t dng i chiu v gim st.
Cng t nhiu biu gi (Multi-tariff meter) l cng t in c kh nng ci t cc biu
gi in nng khc nhau.
106. S c chm t (Earth Fault)
S c chm t l s tip xc in gia cc phn ang mang in ca thit b in vi
kt cu khng cch in vi t, hoc trc tip vi t.
S c chm v l hin tng chm in xy ra gia cc b phn ang mang in ca
thit b, my mc vi v ca chng hoc vi cc cu trc c ni t.
107. H thng ni t (Earthing System)
H thng ni t l tt c nhng in cc ni t v dy ni t.
in cc ni t l nhm cc dy tip t v cc tip t c lin kt vi nhau, chn
20

di t v tip xc trc tip vi t.

Dy ni t l vt dn bng kim loi ni mt b phn ca thit b in vi in cc ni
t.
108. Vng in p "khng" (Zero Area of Voltage)
Vng in p "khng" l vng ngoi phm vi ca vng tn ca dng in chm t.
109. in tr ni t (Resistance of Earthing)
in tr ni t l tng tr vi t ca h thng ni t bao gm dy ni t, in cc
ni t.
110. Dng in chm t (Earth Fault Current)
Dng in chm t l dng in truyn xung t qua im chm t.
Dng in chm t ln l thit b c in p cao trn 1kV v dng in chm t 1 pha
ln hn 500A.
Dng in chm t nh l thit b c in p cao trn 1kV v dng in chm t 1 pha
nh hn hay bng 500A.
111. Ch ni t trung tnh (Neutral of Power System)
Ni t trung tnh ca cc my bin p in p trn 1kV c 2 loi:
Trung tnh ni t trc tip l im trung tnh ca my bin p hoc ca my pht in
c ni trc tip vi trang b ni t hoc c ni vi t qua mt in tr nh (v d
nh my bin dng, v.v.).
Trung tnh cch ly l im trung tnh ca my bin p hoc ca my pht in khng
c ni vi trang b ni t hoc c ni vi trang b ni t qua cc thit b tn hiu,
o lng, bo v, cun dp h quang c ni t hoc thit b tng t khc c in
tr ln.
Trung tnh ni t hiu qu l trung tnh ca mng in 3 pha in p trn 1kV c h s
qu in p khi ngn mch chm t khng ln hn 1,4.
H s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t xy ra trong mng in 3 pha l t s gia
in p ca pha khng b s c (khng chm t) sau thi im xy ra s c ngn mch
chm t v in p ca pha trc khi ngn mch chm t.
112. Dy trung tnh (Neutral Conductor)
Dy trung tnh l dy dn ni trc tip vi im trung tnh ca my bin p hoc ca
my pht in.
Dy trung tnh phi c cch in tng ng vi cch in ca dy pha.
Dy trung tnh trong li 3 pha 4 dy phi c dn in khng nh hn 50% dn
din ca dy pha.
Dy trung tnh lm vic (cn gi l dy "khng" lm vic) l dy dn cp in cho
thit b in:
Trong li in 3-pha-4-dy, dy ny c ni vi im trung tnh ni t trc tip ca
my bin p hoc my pht in;
Vi ngun in 1 pha, dy ny c ni vo im gia ca pha n ca ngun in v
c ni t;
Vi ngun in mt chiu, dy ny c ni vo im gia c ni t ca ngun
cp. y cng l dy cn bng c nhim v dn dng in v khi ph ti trn cc u
cc khng cn bng.
Dy bo v tip t cc thit b in n 1kV l dy dn ni nhng b phn cn
ni vi im trung tnh ni t ca my bin p hoc my pht trong li in 3 pha.
Dy trung tnh c th s dng lm dy bo v tip t.
21

CHNG 1.2. NHNG YU CU CHUNG

iu 5. Thit k h thng in
- Thit k xy dng mi hoc ci to h thng in phi s dng s cung cp in
hp l vi mc in p ph hp, n gin v tin cy, ng thi phi xt n kh nng m
rng tng bc theo k hoch pht trin trong tng lai, s dng cc trang b in, vt
liu in c c tnh k thut tin tin, thch hp vi iu kin lm vic ca cng trnh,
ph hp vi in p danh nh ca li in vi iu kin mi trng v vi nhng yu
cu nu trong Quy chun k thut ny;
- Thit k cc kt cu, phng php lp t phi p ng cc yu cu ca cng trnh,
iu kin mi trng v cc yu cu v an ton;
- Chn v tr xy dng ngun cung cp in vo gn trung tm ph ti;
- S phn phi in phi bo m cung cp in cho cc h tiu th in, cc dy
chuyn sn xut trong iu kin bnh thng v trong iu kin s c;
- Khi thit k h thng in nn s dng cc thit b t ng ng li, t ng ng ngun
d phng, t ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s nng cao mc an ton cung cp in.
iu 6. Tho thun vi c quan qun l h thng in quc gia
Cc nh my in, cc h s dng in khi u ni vi h thng in quc gia phi tho
thun vi c quan qun l h thng in quc gia.
iu 7. Phng n cp in
Phng n cp in phi da trn c s bo m cc ch tiu k thut, cc ch tiu kinh
t ti chnh i vi vn u t, chi ph khai thc hng nm cho cng trnh vi thi gian
hon vn la chn phng n ti u.
Vic cp in cho cc h tiu th bao gm c vic chn s lng v cch b tr h thng
in phi c phng n tng th ph hp vi tnh hnh nng lng trong khu vc, da
trn c s iu tra ph ti in v d kin pht trin kinh t a phng trong 10 nm,
ng thi phi xt n iu kin tm thi. Ngoi ra cn phi tnh n cc kh nng v
bin php gim dng in ngn mch v gim tn tht in nng.
Cung cp in cho cc cng trnh c bit nh tu in ngm, xe in, v.v. phi ph hp
vi quy nh trong Quy chun k thut ny, ng thi cng phi tun th tiu chun v
quy chun k thut chuyn ngnh.
iu 8. K hoch pht trin in v s dng in
1. Thit k, xy dng, nng cp cng trnh in phi ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin
in v phi c kh nng m rng trong tng lai, t nht trong vng 10 nm tip theo.
2. ng dy v my bin p ni nh my in chuyn dng vo h thng in quc gia
phi c thit k tng xng vi cng sut ca nh my in chuyn dng c th ti
in nng vo h thng in hoc nhn in nng t h thng in khi c nhu cu.
3. Khi cng sut tiu th ca cc c s cng nghip nh hn kh nng ti ca ng dy
cp in th c th kt hp cp in cho cc h dn c bn ngoi c s cng nghip.
iu 9. Xy lp, vn hnh v kim tra
1. Xy lp cng trnh in bng cc thit b v vt liu p ng vi yu cu k thut v
chu lc, v bn cch in v ph hp vi cc iu kin mi trng.
2. Vn hnh cng trnh in theo quy trnh vn hnh, theo hng dn ca nh ch to
khai thc ti u h thng in trong sn xut cng nh truyn ti, phn phi in.
3. Kim tra h thng in trong qu trnh thi cng cng trnh, kim tra nghim thu cng
22

trnh cng nh kim tra t xut, thng xuyn hoc nh k nhm pht hin nhng sai
st c bin php x l kp thi bo m cho h thng in vn hnh an ton, lin tc.
iu 10. Cht lng in
Cng trnh in phi c thit k, xy dng v vn hnh bo m yu cu cht lng
theo quy inh v in p, tn s, h s cng sut, sng hi, s nhp nhy ca in p,
dng ngn mch v thi gian loi tr s c.
iu 11. An ton trong cng trnh in
Cc cng trnh in phi c nhng bin php tng ng bo m an ton.
trnh tai nn nh hng ti con ngi do dng in v h quang in gy ra, tt c
cc trang b in phi c bo v thch hp theo ng cc tiu chun lin quan ti s
dng in, th nghim v cc quy chun k thut v an ton in.
Cc dng c in v thit b in trong nh , nh cng cng, ca hng, v.v. phn mang
in phi c che chn bng tm che khng c l; trong gian sn xut v gian in
c php dng tm che c l hoc kiu li.
Cc bin php bo m an ton nh sau:
a) Dng loi cch in thch hp. Trng hp c bit phi dng cch in tng cng;
b) B tr c ly thch hp n phn dn in hoc bc kn phn dn in;
c) Dng kho lin ng cho thit b v cho ro chn ngn nga thao tc nhm;
d) Ct t ng tin cy v nhanh chng cch ly nhng phn thit b in b chm chp v
nhng khu vc li in b h hng;
) Ni t v thit b in v mi phn t ca cng trnh in c th b chm in;
e) Trang b h thng chiu sng nh sng lm vic v x k s c;
f) Trang b h thng phng chng chy;
g) San bng in th, dng my bin p cch ly hoc dng in p 42V tr xung;
h) Dng h thng bo tn hiu, bin bo v bng cm;
i) Lm ro chn;
k) Dng trang b phng h.
iu 12. H thng iu khin, bo v v o lng
1. tt c cc phn t trong h thng in, ng dy truyn ti hoc phn phi in,
trm bin p trung gian hoc trm bin p phn phi phi c trang b h thng iu
khin, bo v v o lng ph hp vi quy nh cho phn t .
2. i vi TBA khng c ngi trc phi trang b thit b iu khin t xa v h thng tn
hiu ph hp cho cc trm bin p c thit k vi thit b t ng khng c ngi trc,
bo m kh nng trao i tn hiu vi trung tm iu v thc hin lnh iu .
3. tt c cc cng trnh in, ngun cung cp in, h tiu th in u phi lp h
thng o m in nng xc nh chnh xc, y cc i lng o m, giao nhn
in nng qua im u ni. H thng o m in nng phi c b tr v tr theo quy
nh, c cp chnh xc theo quy nh v phi c bo v theo quy nh.
4. Khi tnh ton tnh trng s c khng xt n tnh hung ng thi ct s c v ct sa
cha nhiu on li hoc nhiu ng dy.
iu 13. Yu cu k thut v trang thit b in
1. Trang thit b in
Trang b in, kt cu, cng dng, phng php lp t, cp cch in ca vt liu v thit
b in phi ph hp vi in p danh nh ca li in hoc thit b in, vi iu kin
mi trng v vi nhng yu cu k thut nu trong Quy chun k thut ny.
23

2. Phng chng chy

Phng chy v cha chy cho trang b in c th gy chy phi thc hin theo cc yu
cu k thut nu trong cc phn tng ng ca Quy chun k thut ny v cc quy nh
ca c quan qun l v phng chy, cha chy.
3. Bo v chng st
Bo v chng st bng thit b chng st hoc dy chng st trong nhng trng hp
quy nh.
4. Ngun in thao tc xoay chiu
Cho php dng in xoay chiu lm ngun thao tc ni b.
5. Nhit b mt tng cao do bc x mt tri
Trang thit b in t trong nh c th b qua nh hng ca bc x mt tri. i vi
thit b b tr ngoi tri, b nh sng mt tri chiu trc tip cn phi c gii php
gim nhit tng cao trn b mt thit b.
6. R kh SF6
Trong gian in c cc thit b cha kh SF6 b tr trn mt t, s dng thng gi t
nhin. Trong nhng trng hp ny mt na din tch cc l thng gi phi nm gn mt
t. Nu khng t yu cu trn phi c thng gi cng bc.
7. Phn bit cc phn t trong h thng in
Trong cng trnh in cn c bin php d phn bit cc phn t khc nhau nh v s
, lc b tr thit b, k ch, nh s hiu, k hiu, sn mu khc nhau, v.v.
Chi tit sn v nh s trong h thng in xem Ph lc 1.2-1.
8. Trnh gy nh hng cho cc cng trnh thng tin v vin thng
cng trnh in khng gy nh hng nhiu v nguy him cho cng trnh thng tin v
vin thng, phi tun theo cc tiu chun v quy chun k thut lin quan. Phi c bin
php chng nhiu dng in cng nghip cho cc h thng thng tin v vin thng.
9. Dng ngn mch cho cc thit b c cun khng
Mi thit b in c cun khng khi c u ni vo h thng in quc gia phi chn
dng ngn mch pha sau cun khng .
10. Ngun d phng
Kh nng qu ti ca thit b in (theo nh ch to quy nh) c coi l ngun in d
phng.
iu 14. Yu cu k thut phn xy dng
1. Phn xy dng ca cng trnh (kt cu nh, cc b phn trong nh, thng gi, cp
thot nc, v.v.); kt cu xy dng ca ng dy ti in, ca trm bin p phi tun
theo Quy chun k thut ny v cc tiu chun, quy chun k thut v xy dng.
2. Ro ngn v tm chn
Ro ngn v tm chn phi c kt cu sao cho ch tho hoc m c bng dng c
chuyn dng.
3. Vt liu cho thit b in
Vt liu cho vic sn xut cc thit b in hoc mt s phn ca cc thit b in phi c
cc c tnh vt l v in thch hp.
Chi tit vt liu cho thit b in xem Ph lc 1.2-2.
iu 15. a cng trnh vo vn hnh
Cng trnh in v thit b in xy dng xong phi c th nghim, nghim thu, bn
giao v a vo vn hnh theo quy nh hin hnh.

24

CHNG 1.3. YU CU V KHU VC XY DNG

iu 16. Phn loi khu vc
Khu vc xy dng cng trnh in c phn thnh cc loi theo iu kin mi trng
v cc c s h tng trong khu vc nh sau:
1. Khu vc khng c dn c l khu vc a l khng c cc h dn sinh sng mc d c
ngi v phng tin c gii qua li, cc vng ng rung, i trng cy.
Khu vc khng c dn c cng bao gm:
- Khu vc kh n l ni m ngi i b kh n c;
- Khu vc rt kh n nhng ni m ngi i b rt kh n c (v d: mm , vch
ni, v.v.).
2. Khu vc phi tng cng cc bin php an ton v in v xy dng l khu dn c c
cc h dn sinh sng tp trung hoc c ph duyt quy hoch thnh khu dn c; ni
thng xuyn tp trung ng ngi gm ch, qung trng, bnh vin, trng hc, ni t
chc hi ch, trin lm, trung tm thng mi, khu vui chi gii tr, bn tu, bn xe, nh
ga, cc cng trnh cng cng; khu cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, khu ch xut, cng
trnh quan trng lin quan n an ninh, quc phng, khu di tch lch s - vn ho, danh lam
thng cnh c Nh nc xp hng.
3. Khu vc ngoi khu vc phi tng cng cc bin php an ton l khu vc a l hin
c cc h dn sinh sng khng tp trung hoc khng c quy hoch tr thnh khu
dn c sinh sng tp trung.
4. Khu vc mi trng nhim l khu vc m khng kh v t b nhim cc cht ha
hc vi hm lng vt qu gii hn cho php hoc nhim mn tn ng.
Chi tit phn loi khu vc mi trng nhim xem Ph lc 1.3.
iu 17. Gii hn ca ng dy dn in trn khng (DK)
Gii hn ca DK in p n 500kV c tnh t im mc dy ca DK vo x ct
ca trm ny n im mc dy vo x ct ca trm i din.
Gii hn ca DK in p n 1kV bao gm c nhng on r nhnh t ng dy
chnh ti u vo nh.
iu 18. Khong vt ln
Khong vt ln l khong vt phi dng ct vt cao 50m tr ln vi chiu di
khong vt t 500m tr ln hoc chiu di khong vt t 700m tr ln vi ct c
chiu cao theo thit k.
CHNG 1.4. YU CU V HNH LANG AN TON
iu 19. Hnh lang an ton ca DK
Hnh lang an ton ca DK l khng gian dc theo ng dy v c gii hn nh
sau:
1. Hnh lang an ton
a) Chiu di hnh lang c tnh t v tr ng dy ra khi ranh gii bo v ca trm ny
n v tr ng dy i vo ranh gii bo v ca trm k tip;
b) Chiu rng hnh lang c gii hn bi hai mt thng ng v hai pha ca ng
dy, song song vi ng dy, c khong cch t dy ngoi cng v mi pha khi dy
trng thi tnh theo quy nh trong bng sau:

25

Bng 19-1: Cc khong cch t dy dn ngoi cng n mt phng thng ng

ca hnh lang an ton
in p
Khong
cch (m)

n 22kV
Dy bc
Dy trn
1,0

35kV
Dy bc Dy trn

2,0

1,5

3,0

110kV

220kV 500kV
Dy trn

4,0

6,0

7,0

c) Chiu cao hnh lang c tnh t y mng ct (y cc ca mng cc) n im cao

nht ca cng trnh cng thm khong cch an ton theo chiu thng ng quy nh
trong bng sau:
Bng 19-2: Cc khong cch chiu cao ca hnh lang an ton
in p
Khong cch (m)

n 35kV
2,0

110kV
3,0

220kV
4,0

500kV
6,0

Chi tit phm vi hnh lang an ton ca DK xem Ph lc 1.4-1.

2. Khong cch nh nht t dy dn n cy
a) Cy trong hnh lang an ton theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 19-3: Khong cch nh nht t dy dn n cy
M t chi tit khong cch
i vi DK c in p n 35kV
trong thnh ph, th x th trn th
khong cch t im bt k ca cy
n dy dn in trng thi vng
cc i
i vi DK c in p t 110kV
n 500kV trong thnh ph, th x
th trn th khng c cy cao
hn dy dn thp nht tr trng
hp c bit phi c bin php k
thut bo m an ton v c
UBND tnh, thnh ph trc thuc
trung ng cho php. Khong cch
t im bt k ca cy n dy dn
khi dy trng thi vng cc i
Khong cch an ton t dy dn
trng thi vng cc i n phn
bt k ca cc cy ngoi thnh ph,
th x, th trn;
i vi DK vt qua rng c
dng, rng phng h, rng sn
xut, vn trng cy th khong
cch theo phng thng ng t
dy dn in thp nht khi dy
trng thi vng cc i n cy khi
t ti chiu cao ln nht

in p
(kV)

Loi dy dn

Khong cch
nh nht (m)

Dy bc

0,7

Dy trn

1,5

110
220

Dy trn
Dy trn

2,0
3,0

500

Dy trn

4,5

Dy bc

0,5

Dy trn

1,0

T trn 1
n 35

Dy bc
Dy trn

0,7
2,0

110

Dy trn

3,0

220

Dy trn

4,0

500

Dy trn

6,0

n 35

n 1

26

- i vi cy pht trin nhanh trong thi gian 03 thng c kh nng vi phm khong cch
quy nh nu trn v nhng cy khng cn hiu qu kinh t nu cht ngn, ta cnh th
phi cht b v khng cho php trng li cy m phi thay th bng cy trng khc
ph hp vi yu cu bo v an ton hnh lang li in.
- La, hoa mu, cy ci ch c trng cch mp mng ct, ct, dy no t nht l 0,5m.
- Cm ti nc bng thit b phun ma trong hnh lang bo v ca DK 500kV.
b) Cy ngoi hnh lang bo v an ton DK v ngoi thnh ph, th x, th trn, khong
cch t b phn bt k ca cy khi cy b n b phn bt k ca DK khng nh hn
khong cch quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 19-4: Khong cch t cy b n DK
in p

n 35kV

110kV v 220kV

500kV

Khong cch (m)

0,7

1,0

2,0

3. Cc khong cch an ton phng in trong hnh lang an ton phi tun th cc quy
nh trong trong bng sau:
Bng 19-5: Khong cch an ton phng in
in p
Khong cch an
ton phng in (m)

n 22kV

35kV

110kV

Dy bc

Dy trn

Dy bc

Dy trn

1,0

2,0

1,5

3,0

220kV

Dy trn
4,0

6,0

4. Hot ng trong hnh lang an ton

Khong cch nh nht t dy dn in n im gn nht ca thit b, dng c, phng
tin lm vic trong hnh lang bo v an ton cng trnh li in cao p phi tun th cc
quy nh trong trong bng sau:
Bng 19-6: Khong cch an ton nh nht ca cc phng tin hot ng trong
hnh lang an ton
in p

n 35kV

110kV

220kV

500kV

Khong cch (m)

4,0

6,0

7,0

8,0

iu 20. Hnh lang an ton ca ng cp in

1. Hnh lang bo v an ton cc loi cp in i trn mt t hoc treo trn khng l
khong khng gian dc theo ng cp in v c gii hn v cc pha l 0,5 m tnh
t mt ngoi ca si cp ngoi cng.
2. Chiu di hnh lang an ton ca ng cp in c tnh t v tr cp ra khi ranh gii
phm vi bo v ca trm ny n v tr vo ranh gii phm vi bo v ca trm k tip hoc
t im u ni u tuyn cp n im u ni cui tuyn cp.
3. Chiu rng hnh lang an ton c gii hn bi:
a) Mt ngoi ca mng cp, khi cp i vi cp t trong mng cp, khi cp;
b) Mt ngoi ca ng cp i vi cp t trong ng cp;
c) Hai mt thng ng cch mt ngoi ca v cp hoc si cp ngoi cng v hai pha
ca ng cp in t trc tip trong t, trong nc.
4. Chiu cao c tnh t mt mng cp, mt t hoc mt nc n:
a) Mt ngoi ca y mng cp, i vi cp t trong mng cp;
b) Mt ngoi y khi cp, ng cp i vi cp t trong khi cp, ng cp.
27

5. su thp hn im thp nht ca v cp t trc tip trong t hoc trong nc.

Bng 20: Khong cch hnh lang an ton ca ng cp ngm trong t hoc
trong nc
t trong t
Loi cp in

t
n nh

Khong cch

1,0

t trong nc

t
khng

Ni khng c
tu thuyn

Ni c
tu thuyn

n nh

qua li

qua li

1,5

20,0

100,0

nm ngang (m)
su (m)

1,5

Chi tit phm vi hnh lang an ton xem Ph lc 1.4-2.

iu 21. Hnh lang an ton ca trm in
1. Hnh lang bo v an ton trm in l khong khng gian bao quanh trm in v c
gii hn nh sau:
a) i vi cc trm in khng c tng, ro bao quanh, hnh lang bo v trm in
c gii hn bi khng gian bao quanh trm in c khong cch n cc b phn
mang in ngoi cng ca trm in theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 21-1: Khong cch hnh lang an ton ca trm in khng c ro chn
in p

n 22kV

35kV

Khong cch (m)

2,0

3,0

b) i vi trm in c ro chn c nh bao quanh, chiu rng hnh lang bo v c

gii hn n im ngoi cng ca mng, k bo v tng nh trm hoc ro chn;
c) Chiu cao hnh lang c tnh t y mng su nht (y cc ca mng cc) ca
cng trnh trm in n im cao nht ca trm in cng thm khong cch an ton
trong bng sau:
Bng 21-2: Cc khong cch chiu cao ca hnh lang an ton
in p

n 35kV

110kV

220kV

500kV

Khong cch (m)

2,0

3,0

4,0

6,0

d) Nh v cng trnh xy dng gn hnh lang bo v an ton ca trm in phi bo m

khng lm h hng bt k b phn no ca trm in; khng xm phm ng ra vo
trm in; ng cp thot nc ca trm in, hnh lang bo v an ton ng cp
in ngm v DK; khng lm cn tr h thng thng gi ca trm in; khng cho
nc thi xm nhp lm h hng cng trnh in.
CHNG 1-5. YU CU V MI TRNG
iu 22. Kim sot n
i vi TBPP v TBA b tr khu dn c hoc cng trnh cng nghip, phi c bin php
kim sot ting n gy ra do thit b in (my bin p, v.v.) bo m khng vt qu
mc cho php cho trong bng sau:
28

Bng 22-1: Mc n cho php ln nht cc khu vc cng cng v khu dn c

Cng m thanh (dB)

Khu vc
Nhng ni yu cu yn tnh c bit:
bnh vin, trng hc, th vin, nh iu
dng, nh th, n cha
Khu dn c, khch sn, nh ngh, c quan
hnh chnh
Khu dn c xen k vi c s sn xut

T 6h sng
n 6h chiu

T 6h chiu
n 10h m

T 10h m
n 6h sng

50

45

40

60

55

50

75

70

50

Bng 22-2: Mc m thanh ti a mt s ni lm vic

Ch lm vic

c s sn xut
Phng
iu
khin,
phng th nghim c
ngun ting n
Phng
iu
khin,
phng th nghim khng
c ngun ting n
Phng
chc
nng
(thng k, k ton, v.v.)
Phng nghin cu, thit
k, my tnh, th nghim
v x l s liu

Mc p sut
m thanh
(dBA)
63

85

99

80

Mc m thanh di tn s trung (Hz)

Cng m thanh khng vt qu (dB)
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

92

86

83

80

78

76

74

94

87

82

78

75

73

71

70

70

87

79

72

68

65

63

61

59

65

83

74

68

63

60

57

55

54

55

75

66

59

54

50

47

45

43

iu 23. Bo v chng tc hi ca mi trng

1. nhng ni trong khng kh, trong t c cha cc hot cht ha hc c th ph hng
cc phn ca cng trnh in cn phi c cc bin php bo v trnh khi nhng nh
hng ca mi trng.
2. Theo mc nhim ca mi trng phi la chn cc gii php chng n mn ph
hp:
a) Dy dn in chu c n mn theo quy nh cho khu vc mi trng m DK i
qua;
b) S lng bt s cch in c tnh ton cho khu vc mi trng m DK i qua;
c) Mng v kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh in, phn kim loi h ca b tng ct thp
phi chu c n mn theo quy nh cho khu vc mi trng xy dng cng trnh.
Chi tit yu cu k thut bo v chng tc hi ca mi trng xem Ph lc 1.5-1.
iu 24. H thng thu gom du
1. Trong h thng TBPP v TBA c thit b c du tr TBA trn ct phi c h thng thu
gom ton b lng du x ra khi s c khng x ra mi trng xung quanh.
2. chng s r r du, hn ch chy lan ra trong trng hp s c my bin p c
cha du nhiu hn 1000kg/ my (b tr ngoi tri) v nhiu hn 600kg/my (b tr trong
nh) phi b tr h thu gom du.
3. H thng x du, cc h thu du v b cha du phi tha mn cc yu cu sau:
29

a) Kch thc ca h thu du ca MBA b tr ngoi tri phi ln hn kch thc mp

ngoi cng ca tng thit b t nht l:
- 0,6m: Lng du n 2000kg;
- 1,0m: Lng du t trn 2000kg n 10000kg;
- 1,5m: Lng du t trn 10000kg n 50000kg;
- 2,0m: Lng du trn 50000kg.
Kch thc ca cc h thu du c th gim v pha hng ti tng hoc vch ngn c
mc chu la 60 pht v khong trng gia cnh du v tng hoc vch ngn khng
nh hn 0,8m.
b) Dung tch ca h thu du c tnh nh sau:
- Ton b lng du ca my bin p (hoc b in khng) cng vi nc ma (nu
khng c h thng t ng x nc ma) cho h thu du kt hp vi b cha du;
- 20% lng du ca my bin p (hoc b in khng), nu h thu du l loi c h
thng thot du vo b cha du chung.
c) H thu du v h thng x ca mt my bin p phi c b tr sao cho du v nc
khng trn vo h thu du ca cc my bin p khc, vo rnh cp hoc vo cc cng
trnh ngm khc v khng lm chy lan rng ra hoc lm cn tr ng x du. H thu
du c ph bng mt lp si hoc dm sch c t 30mm n 70mm, vi dy t
nht l 250mm;
d) B cha du chung c th tch bng lng du ca thit b c lng du ln nht.
Cho php xy b cha du kt hp vi h thu du. B cha du chung c th l loi
chm (y ca n nm thp hn mt t). B cha du loi chm, c np y, c dung
tch bng 100% lng du ca thit b c lng du ln nht. B cha du loi h phi
c b thnh vy quanh chng du trn. Chiu cao ca b thnh ny phi l t 0,25m
n 0,5m trn mt t. B cha du h phi c khong cch an ton phng chy, cha
chy i vi thit b v cng trnh xung quanh;
) H thng x du phi dn c lng du v nc (bao gm c lng nc ma v
nc t thit b cha chy) n b cha du; 50% lng du s c phi c x ht vo
b cha du trong khong thi gian 0,25 gi. H thng x du s c vo b cha du l
ng ng ngm;
e) H thng thot t b cha du s c ch thot nc tn ng trong b du. Ton b
lng du s c c cha trong b du v s c bm ht vo xe chuyn dng
chuyn n ni quy nh.
Chi tit b tr h thng thu gom du xem Ph lc 1.5-2
CHNG 1.6. YU CU V CHT LNG IN
iu 25. Cht lng in trong li in
1. in p
a) in p danh nh
Cc cp in p danh nh trong h thng in bao gm 500kV, 220kV, 110kV, 35kV,
22kV, 15kV, 10kV, 6kV v 0,4kV.
b) Trong ch vn hnh bnh thng in p vn hnh cho php ti im u ni c
php dao ng so vi in p danh nh nh sau:
- Ti im u ni vi khch hng s dng in l 5%;
- Ti im u ni vi nh my in l +10% v -5%.
c) Trong ch s c n l hoc trong qu trnh khi phc vn hnh n nh sau s c,
30

cho php mc dao ng in p ti im u ni vi khch hng s dng in b nh

hng trc tip bi s c trong khong +5% v 10% so vi in p danh nh;
d) Trong ch s c nghim trng h thng in truyn ti hoc khi phc s c, cho
php mc dao ng in p trong khong 10% so vi in p danh nh.
2. H s cng sut
Nh cung cp in nng phi bo m h s cng sut cos 0,85 ti im o ca bn
mua in c cng sut t 80 kW tr ln hoc c my bin p t 100 kVA tr ln.
Trong trng hp cos < 0,85 do ti ca h s dng in th h s dng in phi c
bin php bo m h s cng sut cos 0,85.
Trong trng hp h s dng in c kh nng pht cng sut phn khng vo h thng
in th 2 bn s tha thun v mua bn cng sut phn khng.
3. Tn s
Tn s danh nh ca h thng in quc gia l 50Hz.
Trong ch vn hnh bnh thng ca h thng in, tn s c php dao ng t
49,8Hz n 50,2Hz.
Trong trng hp s c n l c php dao ng t 49,5Hz n 50,5Hz.
Trong trng hp h thng in quc gia b s c nhiu phn t, s c nghim trng
hoc trong trng thi khn cp, cho php tn s h thng in dao ng trong khong t
47Hz cho n 52Hz.
4. Sng hi
Gi tr ln nht cho php i vi mo in p (Tnh bng phn trm (%) ca in p
nh mc) gy ra bi cc thnh phn ca cc sng hi i vi in p 110kV, 220kV v
500kV phi nh hn hoc bng 3%.
Gi tr ln nht cho php i vi tng mo ca ph ti (Tnh bng phn trm (%) ca
dng in nh mc) i vi in p 110kV, 220kV v 500kV phi nh hn hoc bng
3%.
Tng mo sng hi (THD) c xc nh l t s ca in p hiu dng ca hm
lng sng hi v gi tr hiu dng ca in p c bn, biu din bng phn trm.

THD

V12

100%

Trong : THD = Tng mo sng hi ca in p

Vi = Thnh phn in p ca sng hi bc i
V1 = Thnh phn in p ca tn s c bn (50Hz)
Tng mo sng hi ca in p im ni bt k khng c vt qu nhng gi tr
gii hn cho trong bng sau.
Bng 25-1: bin dng sng hi in p
Cp in p

Tng mo sng hi (%)

mo ring l (%)

110kV, 220kV, 500kV

n 35kV

3
6,5

1,5
3,0

Cho php nh nhn in p bt thng trn li in phn phi trong thi gian ngn
vt qu tng mc bin dng sng hi quy nh trong bng trn, nhng khng c gy
h hng thit b ca khch hng s dng li in phn phi.
5. S nhp nhy in p
Trong iu kin bnh thng, gi tr nhp nhy in p ti im u ni bt k khng
c vt qu gi tr gii hn cho trong bng sau.
31

Bng 25-2: Gii hn nhp nhy in p

in p

Mc nhp nhy cho php

Pst95% = 0,80
Plt95% = 0,60
Pst95% = 1,00
Plt95% = 0,80
Pst95% = 1,00
Plt95% = 0,80

110kV, 220kV, 500kV

Trn 1kV n 35kV
n 1kV

Ti im u ni ca li in n 1kV vi li in n 35kV, nhp nhy in p thi

gian ngn (Pst) khng c vt qu 0,9 v nhp nhy in p thi gian di khng
c vt qu 0,7 cn c tiu chun IEC1000-3-7.
iu 26. Dng ngn mch v thi gian loi tr s c
a) Dng ngn mch ln nht cho php v thi gian loi tr s c ca h thng in c
quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 26: Dng ngn mch ln nht cho php v thi gian loi tr s c
in p

Dng ngn mch ln Thi gian loi tr s c

Thi gian chu
nht (kA)
(ms)
ng ca thit b (s)

n 35kV

25

500

110kV

31,5

150

220kV

40

100

500kV

40

80

b) Trng hp mt s khu vc trong h thng in c dng ngn mch ln nht ln hn

mc quy nh trong Bng 26 th phi c bin php gim n mc quy nh.
Trng hp khng th gim c n mc quy nh th phi c chp thun ca c
quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn.
CHNG 1.7. YU CU V H THNG NI T

Mc 1.7-1. Mc ch ca vic ni t
iu 27. Phm vi p dng
Phn ny p dng cho thit k v lp t h thng ni t ca cc thit b in lm vic
vi in xoay chiu hoc mt chiu mi cp in p.
iu 28. Mc ch ca h thng ni t
1. H thng ni t l tp hp ca dy ni t v in cc ni t
- Dy ni t l dy ni t phn cn c ni t n in cc ni t;
- in cc ni t l li v cc c chn trc tip trong t to in tr ni t cho i
tng ni t;
- in tr ni t ca h thng ni t s to thnh khu vc c in p tip xc v in
p bc tnh ton nh hn in p tip xc v in p bc cho php v in p d ca
li ni t khi c ngn mch nh hn mc cch in ca trung tnh ni t cc thit b
c trung tnh ni t lm vic trong trm bin p 110kV tr ln.
32

2. Thit b in in p cao hn 42V phi c mt trong cc bin php bo v sau y: ni

t, ni trung tnh, ct bo v nhm mc ch bo m an ton cho ngi lm vic ti
li in, bo v chng st cho thit b in, bo v qu in p ni b.
iu 29. H thng ni t chung
Nn s dng mt h thng ni t chung cho cc thit b in c chc nng v cp in
p khc nhau. Ngoi tr mt s trng hp c yu cu c bit.
in tr ca h thng ni t chung phi tho mn cc yu cu ca thit b v bt buc
phi nh hn hoc bng in tr ni t nh nht ca mt thit b bt k ni vo h thng
ni t chung.
Cc dy dn ni t n in cc ni t khu vc m ngi dn bnh thng c th
tip xc c phi c bc bng vt liu cch in n cao 2m trn mt t v n
su 0,25m di mt t.
H ni t an ton, ni t lm vic v ni t chng st phi c ni ti in cc ni
t bng dy nhnh ring.
iu 30. Phn khng ni t
Nhng b phn khng yu cu ni t:
a) Thit b in c in p xoay chiu n 380V c t trong gian t nguy him, ngha
l cc phng kh ro v c sn dn in km (nh g, nha) hoc trong cc gian phng
sch s v kh ro (nh phng th nghim, vn phng). Nhng thit b in trn phi ni
t nu trong khi lm vic, ngi c th cng mt lc tip xc vi in v vi b phn
khc c ni t;
b) Thit b t trn kt cu kim loi c ni t nu bo m tip xc tt ti mt tip
xc ca kt cu (mt tip xc ny phi c co sch, lm nhn v khng c qut
sn);
c) Kt cu t cp vi in p bt k c v bng kim loi c ni t;
d) ng ray i ra ngoi khu t ca trm pht in, trm bin p, trm phn phi v cc
trm in ca c s cng nghip;
) V dng c c lp cch in tng cng;
e) Nhng b phn c th tho ra hoc m ra c ca khung kim loi cc bung phn
phi, t, ro chn ngn cch cc t in, cc ca ra vo, v.v. nu nh trn cc kt cu
khng t thit b in in p xoay chiu ln hn 42V;
f) Kt cu kim loi trong gian t cquy c in p khng ln hn 220V;
g) ng c in v cc b phn ring bit, trang thit b trn my cng c hoc thit b
khc cho php ni trc tip qua ni t ca my in chnh thay v dy ni t ring
bit vi iu kin l gia v thit b v my in chnh c tip xc tt.

Mc 1.7-2. Yu cu i vi h thng ni t
iu 31. Dy ni t v in cc ni t
1. Kch thc v cht liu dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v
a) Cht liu dy ni t v in cc ni t c th bng ng hoc bng thp, tit din
ca dy ni t v in cc ni t phi ln bo m s tng nhit nm trong
gii hn cho php khi dng chm t cc i i qua trong thi gian ct. Ngoi ra, phi
bn chng li ngoi lc;
b) Thit b in c in p n 1kV trung tnh ni t trc tip, dy trung tnh bo v cn
t chung v bn cnh cc dy pha. Dy trung tnh lm vic phi tnh ton bo m dng
in lm vic lu di. Dy trung tnh lm vic c th c cch in nh dy pha;
33

c) Thit b in in p trn 1kV c trung tnh ni t trc tip, tit din dy ni t phi
bo m chu c dng ct t ng ti ni s c. p ng yu cu ny, phi chn
dy ni t theo mt trong cc phng php sau:
- 3 ln dng in danh nh ca dy chy cu chy gn nht;
- 3 ln dng in danh nh ca cc ph ti cn ct.
d) Tit din ca dy trung tnh bo v trong mi trng hp khng nh hn mt na tit
din ca dy pha. Nu yu cu trn khng p ng c gi tr dng in chm v hoc
chm dy trung tnh bo v c th tip xc ni cng cng th vic ct khn cp dng ngn
mch ny phi bng thit b bo v ct nhanh;
) Khng cho php s dng t lm dy pha hoc dy trung tnh i vi nhng thit b
in c in p n 1kV;
e) Khng cho php s dng dy nhm trn chn trong t lm dy ni t.
Chi tit kch thc v cht liu dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v xem Ph lc 1.7-1.
2. Dy ni t b sung
Phi s dng cc vt ni t t nhin lm dy ni t b sung.
Chi tit cc b phn c s dng lm dy ni t b sung xem Ph lc 1.7-2.
3. Ni dy ni t
Mi ni gia dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v vi nhau v ni vi in cc ni t
phi bo m tip xc tt bng cc kp bt bulng, hn trc tip hoc kho ni chuyn
dng. Mi hn phi c chiu di chng ln nhau bng 2 ln b rng ca thanh ni nu l
tit din ch nht hoc 6 ln ng knh ca thanh ni nu l tit din trn.
4. Lp t dy ni t
Dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v t trong nh v ngoi tri phi b tr theo quy nh
cho tng loi.
Khng cho php s dng v kim loi ca dy dn kiu ng, cp treo ca ng dn in,
v kim loi ca ng cch in, tay nm kim loi, v ch ca dy v cp in lm dy
ni t hoc dy trung tnh bo v. Trong cc gian c yu cu ni t th v kim loi ni
trn phi c ni t chc chn. Cc im ni v hp u dy cn c ni vi v kim
loi bng cch hn hoc bng bulng. Cc mi ni bng bulng phi c bin php chng
g v chng ni lng.
Dy ni t bng thp phi c m km nhng nng.
iu 32. in cc ni t
Kch thc v cht liu cc in cc ca trang b ni t nhn to phi bo m kh nng
phn b hiu qu in p trn din tch t t thit b in.
Cht liu s dng cho in cc ni t nhn to bng ng, thp ng, thp trn, thp dt.
Chi tit kch thc v cht liu in cc ni t xem Ph lc 1.7-3.
iu 33. San bng in p
bo m an ton, cc thit b in c dng in chm t ln phi dng li san bng
in p bng vng ni t xung quanh thit b (tr cc thit b in trm trn ct in p
n 35kV).
Chi tit li san bng in p xem Ph lc 1.7-4.
iu 34. Bo v c hc v ha hc cho dy ni t
Dy ni t phi c bo v chng h hng v c hc v ho hc. Bo v chng ph
hu c hc phi c ch trng tit din dy ni t. Bo v chng h hng v ho hc
phi c c bit ch ti nhng khu vc c mi trng d n mn.

34

iu 35. nh du v sn cc ni t
Ti ch dy ni t vo cc in cc phi c nhng k hiu ring d quan st.
Dy ni t t trn, cc kt cu ca trang b ni t pha trn mt t phi sn mu tm
hoc en.
Trong nhng gian c yu cu cao v trang tr, cho php sn dy ni t ph hp vi mu
ca gian phng, nhng ti ch ni hoc phn nhnh ca dy ni t phi sn 2 vch mu
tm hoc en cch nhau 150mm. ng dy in nhnh 2 dy, trong dy trung tnh
c s dng lm dy ni t th ti ch hn hoc ch ni ca dy trung tnh cng phi
sn mu tm.

Mc 1.7-3. Ni t cc cng trnh li in

iu 36. Ni t cho ng cp in
Cc phn kim loi ca ng cp in v cng trnh cp c th gy in git nguy him
cho con ngi phi c ni t hoc ni vi dy trung tnh bng dy ni t c ng
knh khng c nh hn 6mm.
iu 37. Ni t ct v dy trung tnh ca DK c in p n 1kV
1. DK in p n 1kV ch thc hin phng php ni t trung tnh. Trong li in
trung tnh ni t, chn v mc treo ca cch in, kt cu kim loi ca gi , ct thp ca
ct b tng phi ni vo dy trung tnh.
Dy trung tnh phi c ni t lp li. Khong cch gia cc im ni t lp li l 200 n
250m. Dy ni t phi c ng knh khng nh hn 6mm (cho php s dng ct thp
ca ct b tng lm dy ni t). in tr ni t lp li cho dy trung tnh khng c ln
hn 50.
2. DK in p n 1kV khng c che chn bi cc cy cao, nh cao tng, ng khi
cng nghip, v.v. phi b tr ni t cho ct, khong cch gia chng vi nhau khng
c ln hn:
- 200m i vi vng c s gi dng trong nm di 40;
- 100m i vi vng c s gi dng trong nm trn 40.
in tr ni t cho ct khng c ln hn 30.
Ngoi ra cn phi ni t:
a. Ti ct r nhnh vo cc h tiu th in ln (trng hc, vn tr, bnh vin, tri chn
nui gia sc, kho tng, xng my, v.v.);
b. Ti ct cui ng dy r nhnh vo h tiu th in, khong cch t ct cui ng dy
n ct ni t lin k khng c ln hn 100m vi vng c s gi dng trong nm n 40
v 50m i vi vng c s gi dng trong nm trn 40.
Ni t ct cng c s dng lm ni t lp li ca dy trung tnh.
Ngoi ra, ti cc ct nu im a v b Khon 2 iu ny nn t chng st h p.
iu 38. Ni t cho DK in p trn 1kV
1. Ni t ct ca DK:
a) Ct thp v ct b tng ct thp:
- DK in p 110kV tr ln ni t tt c cc ct;
- DK n 35kV khng c bo v chm t ct nhanh hoc i qua khu vc dn c ni t
tt c cc ct;
- DK n 35kV c bo v chm t ct nhanh hoc i qua khu vc khng c dn c
ni t cch ct (2 n 3 khong ct) v ni t ti cc ct giao cho vi ng giao
thng;
35

- Gi lp thit b, x ca ct, thang leo ln ct phi c ni t chung vi ct.

b) Ct thp v ct b tng ct thp vi mi cp in p ni t cc ct c mc dy chng
st hoc trn ct c lp t MBA, thit b bo v, o lng, ng ct, v.v.;
c) Ct ca ng thng tin, ng tn hiu giao cho vi DK in p trn 1kV phi b
tr khe h bo v.
Li ni t, cc ni t ca DK in p trn 1kV phi c t su t nht l 0,8m,
nhng khu vc t cho php t trong lp t vi chiu dy lp t ph
khng c nh hn 0,1m. Khi chiu dy lp t ph khng t yu cu trn c th
t dy ni t trn mt lp v ph trn bng va xi mng.
2. in tr ni t:
a. DK in p trn 1kV n 500kV c treo dy chng st, DK trn ct c lp t cc
thit b nh MBA lc, MBA o lng, dao cch ly, cu chy hoc thit b khc, DK in
p 6-22kV khu vc dn c, DK in p 6-35 kV c dng chm t ln phi ni t ct
theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 38: in tr ni t ct ca DK
in tr sut ca t (m)
n 100
Trn 100 n 500
Trn 500 n 1000
Trn 1000 n 5000
Trn 5000

in tr ni t ()
n 10
15
20
30
6.10-3

b. DK in p 6-22kV khu vc khng c dn c:

- Khi in tr sut ca t n 100m, khng qu 30;
- Khi in tr sut ca t trn 100m, khng qu 0,3;
c) in tr ni t ct ca DK c in p t 6-35kV c dng in chm t nh khng
qu 50.
d) Ct cui ca DK 110 v 220kV ni vo TBA nhng vng t st cho php tng in tr
ni t ca ct ln nh sau:
- 1,5 ln khi s gi st nh hn 20;
- 3 ln khi s gi st nh hn 10;
d) Trong khong giao cho vi DK, ng ng dn kim loi, cu, hng ro kim loi v
ng cp vn chuyn trn khng phi c ni t vi in tr ni t khng c ln
hn 10;
) S dng phn thp ca kt cu:
- DK i qua vng t c in tr sut 500m, ct thp ca mng b tng ct thp
nu mng khng ph sn khng dn in c php s dng lm dy ni t t nhin
hoc kt hp vi thit b ni t nhn to v ct thp mng c hn lin kt vi bulng
mng;
- Ct thp ca ct b tng ct thp c php dng lm dy ni t khi chng c hn
ni lin vi nhau;
- Thanh thp v ng thp ca ct thp c php dng lm dy ni t.
e) Dy ni t vi ct b tng ct thp v ct kim loi phi c lin kt bng hn, bng
bu lng hoc p dnh.
iu 39. Ni t cho vt kim loi gn DK
Vt kim loi chu nh hng ca cm ng tnh in t DK in p 220kV tr ln trong
phm vi quy nh phi c ni t.
36

Quy nh ni t vt kim loi gn DK xem Ph lc 1.7-5.

Mc 1.7-4. Ni t cho TBPP v TBA

iu 40. Phn ni t
1. Ni t cho thit b c nh
Nhng b phn kim loi ca cc my mc, thit b in trong nh cng nh ngoi tri
phi ni t bao gm:
- V v b kim loi my in, v my bin p, kh c in, ct thanh ci, v ca thit b
chiu sng, v.v.;
- Mch th cp ca bin dng in v bin in p;
- Khung kim loi ca t phn phi in, bng iu khin, bng in v t in;
- Kt cu kim loi ca sn iu khin ngoi tri v trm bin p, v kim loi v v bc ca
cp, hp u cp, ng kim loi lun cp, v v gi cc thit b in;
- V kim loi ca my in di ng hoc cm tay;
- B chng st lp cc mch in.
2. Ni t ca thit b in di ng
a) Trng hp yu cu ni t
Thit in b di ng nhn in t ngun in c nh hoc t trm pht in di ng phi
ni v ca thit b ti h thng ni t ca ngun cung cp in.
Trong li in c trung tnh cch ly phi b tr h thng ni t ngay gn thit b in di
ng. Nu vic ni t cho thit b in di ng khng th thc hin c hoc khng
hp l th phi thay th vic ni t bng thit b bo v ct nhanh khi b chm t.
b) Trng hp khng yu cu ni t
Khng yu cu ni t cho thit b in di ng v trm pht in trong cc trng hp
di y:
- Nu thit b in di ng c mt my pht in ring khng cp in cho cc thit b
khc t trc tip ngay trn my v trn mt b kim loi chung;
- Nu cc thit b in di ng (vi s lng khng ln hn 2) nhn in t trm pht
in di ng ring khng cung cp in cho cc thit b khc vi khong cch t thit b di
ng n trm pht in khng qu 50m v v ca cc thit b di ng c ni vi v
ca ngun pht in bng dy dn.
c) Dy ni t cho thit b in di ng
Cc dy dn sau c th s dng lm dy ni v ca ngun cp in vi v ca thit b
in di ng:
- Li th nm ca cp trong li in 3 pha c dy trung tnh;
- Li th t ca cp trong li in 3 pha khng c dy trung tnh;
- Li th ba ca cp trong li in 1 pha.
Dy ni t, dy bo v tip t v dy ni v ca thit b phi l dy ng mm c tit
din bng tit din dy pha v nn cng trong mt v vi cc dy pha.
iu 41. Tnh ton in tr ni t TBPP v TBA
1. Tnh ton dng chm t
- Tr s dng in tnh ton dng la chn c tnh k thut ca dy ni t phi ly tr
s ln nht ca dng in n nh chm t 1 pha trong h thng in v phi tnh n
s phn b dng in chm t gia cc im trung tnh ni t ca h thng;
- Tr s dng in chm t tnh ton phi xc nh theo s vn hnh ca li in gy
ra dng in ngn mch c tr s ln nht.

37

2. Thi gian ct trong trng hp chm t

Khi xc nh gi tr in p tip xc v in p bc cho php, thi gian tc ng tnh
ton phi ly bng tng thi gian tc ng ca bo v v thi gian ct ton phn ca my
ct. ch lm vic ca cng nhn nu tip tc thc hin cc thao tc ng ct c th
xut hin ngn mch cc kt cu m cng nhn c th chm ti th thi gian tc ng
ca thit b bo v phi ly bng thi gian tc ng ca bo v d phng.
3. Xc nh in tr sut ca t
Khi thit k ni t cho thit b in phi xc nh tr s in tr sut ca t bng cch o
ti hin trng. Xc nh in tr sut ca t s dng cho thit k h thng ni t phi
c thc hin c xt n s bin thin ca in tr sut ca t trong c nm.
4. in tr ni t
a) in tr ni t ca trung tnh:
in tr ni t ca trung tnh my pht in hoc my bin p, hoc u ra ca ngun
in 1 pha bt k thi im no trong nm khng c ln hn 4 tng ng vi in
p dy ca ngun in 3 pha l 380V hoc tng ng vi in p pha ca ngun in 1
pha l 220V. Khi in tr sut ca t ln hn 100m, cho php tng in tr ni t ln
0,01 ln, nhng khng c ln hn 10 ln ;
b) in tr ca h thng ni t trm bin p in p n 35kV, trong c nm khng
c ln hn 10 ;
c) in tr ca h thng ni t trm bin p 110kV n 500kV phi c tnh ton theo
in p tip xc, in p bc v p ng cc iu kin sau y:
- in p tip xc v in p bc tnh ton phi nh hn in p tip xc v in p
bc cho php;
- Tit din dy ni t phi ln hn tit din dy ni t tnh ton;
- in p d ca li ni t khi c ngn mch phi nh hn mc cch in ca trung
tnh ni t cc thit b c trung tnh ni t lm vic trong trm.
Tnh ton in p tip xc, in p bc v in tr ni t xem Ph lc 1.7-6.
CHNG 1.8. YU CU V THI CNG CC CNG TRNH LI IN

Mc 1.8-1. Quy nh chung

iu 42. Mc ch v phm vi p dng
Phn ny quy nh cc iu khon, th tc cn thit v cc yu cu k thut cho vic xy
dng, lp t v sa cha cc cng trnh li in in p n 500kV.
Cc c quan thit k in, cc c quan thi cng v nghim thu cc cng trnh xy lp
in, cng nh cc c quan cung cp thit b, cc nh ch to thit b phi thc hin quy
nh ny.
iu 43. Cc iu kin v phng php k thut
Cc iu kin v phng php k thut thi cng nu trong Quy chun k thut ny khng
hn ch vic s dng cc phng php, cng ngh thi cng khc nu bo m an ton
v ph hp cc yu cu k thut.
iu 44. Quy nh lin quan c p dng
Khi xy lp cc trang thit b in phi thc hin:
1. Quy chun k thut ny.
2. Cc tiu chun v quy chun k thut xy dng hin hnh.
3. Quy chun k thut an ton trong xy dng, cc quy nh v bo h lao ng v phng
38

chng chy n.
4. H s thit k c cp c thm quyn thm tra v ph duyt, ti liu hng dn ca
nh ch to.
5. iu kin mi trng lm vic
- Cng in trng khu vc c ngi thng xuyn lm vic phi bo m yu cu
khng c vt qu 5 kV/m;
- Khi ngi lao ng khng s dng trang b bo h lao ng chng nh hng ca in
t trng, thi gian lm vic c quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 44: Cng in trng v thi gian cho php lm vic
Cng
in trng
E (kV/m)

<5

Thi gian cho

php lm vic
(pht)

Khng
hn ch

10

12

15

18

20

480 255 180 130

80

48

30

20<E25 > 25

10

- Cng in trng c tr s khc vi bng trn th thi gian lm vic cho php bng
(50/E-2) gi.
iu 45. iu kin s dng thit b ngoi Quy chun k thut
Khi s dng cc thit b in m cc c tnh ca thit b c nhng im khc vi nhng
iu quy nh trong Quy chun k thut ny th theo s liu ca nh ch to nu cc
thng s ny khng vi phm yu cu k thut v phi c c quan c thm quyn ph
duyt.
iu 46. Yu cu hun luyn i vi cng vic lin quan
i vi cc loi cng vic nh: Lp t cc bnh c quy, cng tc hn, cng tc chng
buc, lm vic trn cao, cng tc xy lp c s dng ba hi, ba sng hoc cc dng c
lp t khc, v.v. ch cho php nhng ngi c hun luyn v nm vng cc iu
quy nh ca Quy chun k thut, quy trnh cng ngh v Quy chun k thut an ton lin
quan mi c lm vic.
iu 47. Gim st v kim tra thi cng cng trnh
1. Gim st cng trng
Cng trng phi c gim st xy dng kim tra tin xy dng, kim tra k thut
xy dng, kim tra xut nhp v lu kho thit b, vt t, kim tra an ton xy dng, kim
tra v sinh mi trng, kim tra phng tin giao thng v h tng giao thng. Ngi
qun l k thut gim st cng trng phi hiu r quy chun k thut v cc cng vic
qun l xy dng cng trnh xc nhn vic tun th quy chun k thut v iu kin
p ng cho xy dng ti cng trng. Nu pht hin nhng iu kin no khng ph
hp, phi cung cp cc hng dn thch hp ci thin v iu chnh.
2. Kim tra an ton thi cng
Kim tra cc iu kin an ton ca con ngi v phng tin, thit b thi cng:
- Ngi tham gia thi cng: Kim tra sc khe, nng lc, trang b bo h lao ng, chng
ch hun luyn c php thc hin nhng cng vic c bit. Nu p ng y
nhng yu cu theo quy nh th mi cho php tham gia thi cng;
- Phng tin v thit b thi cng: Kim tra cht lng ca phng tin v thit b thi cng
39

nu p ng v mc an ton, v nng lc thc hin cng vic nu trong thit k t

chc thi cng th mi cho php trin khai thi cng;
- Thit b v vt t lp t: Kim tra cht lng ca thit b v vt t s c lp t, nu
p ng nhng nhng yu cu k thut nu trong thit k th mi cho php a vo lp
t;
- a im v mi trng lm vic
Kim tra cc vn bn php l (giy php ct in, giy php vt quc l, v.v.) v cc
bin php phng trnh (dn gio, bin bo, v.v.);
Kim tra mi trng lm vic (ma, gi, dng, st, v.v.);
Nu bo m cc iu kin thi cng theo quy nh th mi cho php trin khai thc hin.
iu 48. o to nng cao nng lc thc hin ti cng trng
o to nng cao nng lc thc hin ti cng trng ngha l ngi qun l k thut phi
tin hnh hun luyn cho mi cng nhn trc khi bt u cng vic xy dng, trn quan
im nng cao cht lng cng vic v an ton trong qu trnh thc hin cng vic ti
cng trng.
Ngoi ra, ngi qun l k thut phi gii thch cho cng nhn v c im ca cng
trnh, nhng im quan trng lin quan n cht lng cng trnh v a ra cc bin
php kim sot an ton i vi cc nguy him d kin.

Mc 1.8-2. Cng tc chun b thi cng

iu 49. Ti liu thit k
1. Ti liu thit k phi ph hp vi cc quy nh ca Nh nc v thnh phn, ni dung
v bin ch cng tc thit k, lp d ton cho cc cng trnh xy dng cng nghip.
2. Cc ti liu thit k giao cho c quan xy lp u phi c c quan c thm quyn
thm tra v ph duyt.
3. Ti liu thit k ca nc ngoi (nu c) phi c dch ra ting Vit v chuyn giao
cho Nh thu thi cng theo s lng quy nh.
iu 50. Kho tng
1. Kho ngoi tri (kho h)
Trong kho h khng c mi che, thit b in phi c t trn gi sp xp theo tng
loi, tng khu ring. Trnh khng tip xc vi mt t.
cc kho h hoc na h (cc thit b c che cc b), cc thit b phi c b tr v
c bo v khi ng nc v m.
Cc b phn, cc thit b ln v nng phi c b tr sao cho trnh b bin dng, thit b
c c nh trnh ri v.
Mt bng kho ngoi tri phi bo m thot nc tt.
2. Kho trong nh (kho kn)
- Kho kn lu cc thit b in trc khi lp t nh t in, c quy, cp in, cch
in, ph kin, v.v. phi thng thong, sp xp theo tng loi, tng khu ring v phi c
, gi k trnh m t, c li i thun li cho vic xut, nhp vt t thit b;
- Kho kn lu kho cc thit b d b nh hng ca mi trng nh cc thit b in t,
phng tin o k thut s, cc t bng in, v.v. cn c trang b my iu ha khng
kh nu phi lu kho lu di.
3. Kho xi mng
Kho xi mng bao phi c mi v sn, cc sn ny phi c gm rng thng gi. Khng
c php xi mng c mc khc nhau cng mt ch vi nhau.
40

Xi mng ri c rt vo cc l cha theo tng mc khc nhau.

4. Kho cht n v kp n phc v thi cng
Kho bo qun cht n v kp n dng cho xy lp phi tun th cc quy nh v bo qun
v vn chuyn cht n.
iu 51. Th tc v iu kin tip nhn, bo qun v bn giao cc thit b in v
vt t xy lp
1. Trnh t, iu kin tip nhn v bo qun cc thit b in, cc ph kin v cc vt t
lu kho phi theo ng quy nh ca c quan ch qun cng trnh v hng dn ca nh
ch to.
2. Yu cu lu kho:
- Nhng thit b t trong thng kn, nhng thit b t b nh hng ca mi trng, nhng
kt cu nng, v.v. c th lu kho ngoi tri, nhng phi c bin php chng ng nc
v m;
- Nhng thit b d b nh hng ca mi trng c lu kho trong nh;
- Cc thit b in trong kho phi c gi v tr an ton, thun tin cho vn chuyn v
lp rp. Nu cc k hiu hoc m hiu b m hoc mt, phi kim tra v phc hi li trc
khi lp rp;
- Ti ni bo qun phi treo bin ghi r tn cc nhm chi tit ca thit b, vt t, nu lu
kho ngoi tri th phi ng cc treo cc bin ni trn. Cc khi thit b ln, nng phi
ghi r c khi lng ca chng.
3. Cc kho h v kho kn, cc h v cc bi bo qun thit b, vt t phi c y
cc phng tin bc d, sp xp, di chuyn trang thit b, vt t.
4. Trc khi bn giao, cc thit b, vt t phi c kim tra nh gi hin trng ca thit
b v vt t. Khi bn giao phi lp Bin bn giao nhn.
iu 52. Bo dng thit b lu kho
- Trng hp thit b lu kho lu di, theo nh k quy nh ca thit b phi tin hnh bo
dng, nhng t nht 9 thng phi tin hnh bo dng 1 ln.
- Cc vt t thit b lu kho b h hng phi c tch ring ra x l v trnh cp pht
nhm.

Mc 1.8-3. Cc yu cu i vi phn xy dng lp t thit b

iu 53. Nhng cng vic phi thc hin trc khi lp t thit b
Trc khi lp t cc thit b phi tin hnh cc cng vic nh sau:
1. Xy dng cc cng trnh tm v cc lu ln cho cng nhn chun b lp t thit b.
2. Xy dng cc ng c nh v ng tm thi. rng ca ng nhnh v ng
tm phi rng ln vn chuyn thit b in (bao gm thit b siu trng, siu
trng), cc loi vt liu v cc b phn lp ti a im lp v v tr lp t.
3. Xy dng cc ng cho xe cu ho, t cc ng v cc thit b cn thit cho cu
ho.
4. Lp t cc h thng kh nn, nc v in tm thi v c nh cng nh cc thit b
u ni vi cc my thi cng.
5. Lp cc thang v dn gio cc v tr cn cu khng thao tc c.
6. Xy dng cc kt cu lp t thit b trn b nh t iu khin, bng in, phng
t my bin p ngm v cc bung in khc phi hon thnh trc khi lp t thit b.
7. Tt c cc vt chn ngm, cc l, hc cha sn trong kt cu b tng lp thit b
phi thc hin theo thit k v i chiu vi thit b s lp t, phi c y s liu k
41

thut, vn bn nghim thu k thut.

iu 54. Th t u tin xy lp
Phi u tin xy dng cc cng trnh cp in, cp nc thi cng (trm bin p, h thng
nc), ln tri tm thi v ng tm thi cng trc khi xy dng cc hng mc chnh.
iu 55. Bo co kim tra v nghim thu cng trnh
Nh thu hoc nh thu ph lp t cc thit b cng vi c quan ch qun cng trnh lp
Bo co kim tra nh k v lp bin bn nghim thu tng hng mc hoc cng trnh
hon thnh.
iu 56. C s nghim thu cng trnh
Cc hng mc hoc cc cng trnh hon thnh phi nghim thu cn c vo ti liu
thit k c ph duyt v cc quy nh trong Quy chun k thut.

Mc 1.8-4. Cng tc xy lp
iu 57. p dng phng php xy lp tin tin
Trong qu trnh xy lp cn p dng cc phng php cng nghip ho n mc cao
nht. S dng ti a cc phng php xy dng v ch to t hp lp sn: cc kt cu
c ch to sn thnh tng b, cc thit b in c lp t trn b, thnh khi, thnh
cm xng gia cng trc khi lp t.
iu 58. Cc bc xy lp
Cng tc xy lp in phi tin hnh theo 2 bc:
Bc 1: Phi nh v ton b nhng kt cu xy dng c lin quan trn cng trng
trc khi thi cng.
Bc 2: Tin hnh xy dng v lp t cc thit b in theo trnh t u tin v bin php
t chc thi cng c ph duyt.
iu 59. Kim tra, iu chnh cc my o gn trn thit b thi cng
Phi thng xuyn kim tra, hiu chnh tng ng h, thit b o gn trn thit b thi cng
ti hin trng xy lp.

Mc 1.8-5. Lp t dy dn v cp
iu 60. Phm vi p dng
Cc quy nh trong phn ny p dng lp t cc dy dn in ng lc v chiu sng
in p mt chiu v xoay chiu trong nh v ngoi tri bng dy dn bc cch in v
cp c v khng c v thp.
iu 61. Lp t dy dn v cp
1. cao lp t: Cc dy dn trn t trong cc phn xng ni c nhiu ngi (khng
c nhim v) lui ti phi c t cao quy nh trong ti liu thit k.
Khng quy nh cao lp t cch nn nh hoc sn nh cho dy dn bc cch in
c bo v (dy bc), dy bc lun trong ng cch in c v kim loi, dy bc v cp
lun trong cc ng thp v cc ng lng mm bng kim loi. nhng ch dy dn v
cp c th b h hng do c hc th phi c bo v tng cng.
2. Khi t gn nhng ni c nhit cao th dy dn v cp phi c bo v chng tc
hi do nng hoc phi dng loi dy dn v cp thch hp.
3. Cc dy dn v cp t h phi phi hp vi cc ng nt kin trc ca nh v cng
42

trnh bo m m thut.
4. Cc dy dn v cp t trong cc gian m t (x, tm...) cng ngn cng tt. Cc dy
dn nn t bn ngoi cc gian ny v n chiu sng nn t gn dy dn trn
tng.
5. Dy dn v cp t theo b mt kt cu thng xuyn b nung nng (ng dn khi,
ng dn kh l, v.v.) khng cho php t kn. Khi t h trn b mt ng dn khi,
ng dn kh l, v.v. th nhit ca khng kh xung quanh dy dn khng c vt
qu 350C.
6. Cc dy dn v cp t trong tng hoc trong cu trc phi c 1 on d phng t
nht l 50mm cnh nhng ch ni trong cc hp phn nhnh v cnh ch ni vi cc
n chiu sng, cng tc v cm.
7. C nh dy dn v cp vo cc kt cu cng trnh thng dng sng chuyn dng
thi cng hoc dng cc bin php khc thch hp. Cc inh phi c la chn v c
nh ln cc mt theo ng ti liu hng dn.
nhng on thng ca tuyn dy, cc vng kp dng c nh dy dn, cp v ng
c t trc tip trn b mt phi cch u nhau. Trn cc mt on thng v cc
ch vng, cc vng kp phi t thng gc vi ng tim t dy dn.
Cc vng kp bng kim loi dng c nh dy dn, cp v ng thp u phi m km
hoc sn chng g.
Cp t trn gi cp nu cp vng qu mc cho php th phi t mng cp.
8. Dy dn v cp t trong cc cu kin c sn thnh tm ln v cc khi ln ca cc
cng trnh, cc ng lun dy, cc hc t cng tc, cm, cc hp in phi ph
hp vi bn v thit k cc cu kin .
9. Ch ni v phn nhnh cc dy dn v cp khng c chu cc ng sut c hc. Ch
ni v phn nhnh rut cp v dy dn phi c cch in v cch nhit tng ng
vi nhng ch khc ca cp.
Ni r nhnh v ni dy in v cp trong cc ng phi kim loi v ng cng phi thc
hin cc hp ni, hp r nhnh.
10. ch dy dn chui ra khi hp, mng, ng cng v ng lng mm bng kim loi u
phi c bo v trnh h hng. nhng ch dy dn giao cho vi cc mi ni co
dn phi c vt b tr co dn.
11. Cc loi dy dn v cp chuyn dng, cng nh cc loi dy dn khc yu cu phi
treo th c treo vo dy thp cng hoc dy thp bn m km ph hp vi yu cu
ca thit k v vng, ti trng gi v trng lng ca cp treo vo.
12. Khng cho php t trc tip dy dn in p n 1kV trn ct n, cc ng khi,
thp nc, cng nh nhng gian d n. Nu bt buc phi lp t nhng v tr trn
th phi s dng loi cp c v bo v bng kim loi hoc lun trong ng kim loi c
ni t.
13. Tt c mi dy trong cng mt mch xoay chiu, k c dy trung tnh phi t chung
trong mt ng.
Dy dn v cp 1 pha ca mch in xoay chiu ch cho php t trong ng khng t
tnh. Cho php t cc dy dn ca cng 1 pha chung trong mt ng thp nu dng in
danh nh khng vt qu 25A.
14. Bn knh un ca dy dn v cp mt rut cch in loi khng c bo v t nht phi
bng 3 ln ng knh ngoi ca dy dn. Bn knh un ca cc loi dy dn khc theo
quy nh ca nh ch to.
iu 62. Lp t dy dn v cp trong gian d chy, d n
1. Khi t dy dn v cp cc thit b d n, phi lun dy trong ng thp v tun theo
43

cc yu cu ring: Ch ni ng phi c t nht 5 ng ren nguyn vn, ch ni chn

bng si gai tm du sn pha bt ch, cm khng c hn.
Cc hp phn nhnh cc gian chy n phi l kiu chng n, cn cc gian khc c
th dng kiu chng bi.
Trn ng ng lun dy, phi c ch x nc ng khi lun dy dn t trong ng vo
v ng c, kh c, ng h, vo cc b phn ni dy v a dy dn ra ngoi gian d
n, hoc a dy dn t gian d n ny sang gian d n khc u phi lun trong ng.
Khi cc ng phi c chn kn tng on. Cm li dng cc b phn ni cu c
chn kn u ni hoc r nhnh dy dn.
Cao su v nhng vt liu khc dng chn kn, hoc cch in khng c tip
xc vi nhng cht lng c th lm hng chng.
Ch ni ng phi c th chu p lc: 2,5at i vi cc gian cp B-I, 0,5at i vi cc
gian cp B-Ia, B-II, B-Ila. Sau 3 pht, p lc th khng c gim qu 50%.
Ch ng ng xuyn qua tng phi chn cht bng vt liu khng chy.
Khi t dy ngm cc gian d chy vic ni dy dn khng c hp u dy, yu cu
phi ni qua hp chuyn tip t chm trong tng.
2. Khi t cc b dn in trn bng ng hoc nhm trong cc gian d n v cc gian d
chy thuc mi cp, phi tha mn cc yu cu sau:
- Ch ni thanh dn khng cn tho ri th phi hn;
- Nhng ch ni thanh ci vo thit b in bng bu lng phi ni chc chn v phi c
bin php thch hp chng ai c t tho;
- Thanh dn phi c hp bo v, c l khoan thng gi ng knh khng qu 6mm;
- Trong cc gian d n, hp bo v phi lm bng kim loi v ch c tho m bng kha;
- Trong cc gian d chy cp n-I, n-II th cc hp bo v phi thuc loi chng bi.
3. Hp ni v phn nhnh t cc nh d chy phi l loi chng bi lm bng thp
hoc loi vt liu bn chc, kch thc thch hp vic ni dy c chc chn v d
thy, nu hp lm bng thp th trong phi c lp lt cch in, nu hp lm bng nha
(cht do) th phi l loi nha khng chy.
Trong cc gian cp n-II v n-IIa, cho php dng cc loi hp ni, hp r nhnh l loi hp
kiu kn.
14. Khi lp t h thng ni t phi thc hin theo quy nh trong Mc 1.7-3.
iu 63. Ni dy dn v cp
- Ni rut dy dn v cp bng nhm, ng hay hp kim c th dng mt trong cc cch
sau: hn, p, hn thic, kp chuyn dng;
- u ct, ng ni phi chn tng ng vi tit din ca dy. ng knh l ca u ct,
chiu su l v khong cch vt p thc hin theo quy nh ca nh ch to;
- Rut nhm v ng 1 si c tit din n 10mm2 cho php ni vi nhau bng cch vn
xon v ni vi hng kp bng cch un u dy theo hnh vng khuyn;
- mi trng m t, sau khi p xong u ct phi dng bng cch in qun trm ln
c vt p;
- u ct ca cp trn hp u cp sau khi p xong phi bt kn cng vi cch in ca
hp u cp chng thm nhp ca mi trng;
- cc thit b in ngoi tri d n v cc gian d n, d chy thuc mi cp, vic ni
44

v lm u ct cho dy dn v cp rut nhm phi thc hin bng cch hn hoc p (tr
nhng ni cm dng cp rut nhm).
iu 64. Lp t hp ni v hp phn nhnh
1. Phi dng cc hp ni v hp phn nhnh ni cng nh phn nhnh cc dy
dn t trong hp kn, trong cc ng v trong cc ng lng mm khi t h cng nh khi
t ngm. Cu to ca cc hp ni v hp phn nhnh phi ph hp vi cch t dy v
iu kin mi trng. Bn trong cc hp c np ng m c ni v phn nhnh dy
dn bng cc kp chuyn dng c v cch in bo m.
Khi dy dn t ngm, cc hp ni, hp t cng tc, cm cng phi t chm trong kt
cu xy dng sao cho mt hp (mt cng tc, cm) ngang bng vi mt tng.
Hp ni v hp phn nhnh phi bng cht cch in hoc bng kim loi trong m lt
cch in v phi ph hp vi phng php t dy, mi trng xung quanh.
2. Khong cch gia cc hp ni b tr theo thc t trong phm vi thc hin. i vi ng
cng th khong cch gia hai hp ni khng c di qu 9m.
3. Cc mt hp t ngoi tri sn mu xm khi dng in n 1500A, sn ngn nh nu
ln hn 1500A.
iu 65. Cc yu cu lp t dy dn v cp b tr h
Dy dn v cp c b tr h trong nhng trng hp sau y:
- Trong cc phng d b chy;
- Trn trn nh;
- Trc tip ln tng, vch ngn, sn c trt thch cao th hoc trt va;
- Ln tng bng vt liu khng chy, vch ngn c dn lp bi (ngay trn mt lp bi);
- Cp t h phi c bo v khng bc x nhit tc ng trc tip vo cp.
iu 66. Cc yu cu lp t dy dn v cp b tr ngm
1. Dy dn v cp c b tr ngm trong nhng trng hp sau y:
- Trong cc phng d n;
- Trong cc phng c bit m;
- Trong cc phng c mi trng n mn cao;
- Trn cc sn g ca nh tr, bnh vin, cu lc b, trng hc v nh tp th;
- Cp in cho cc thit b chiu sng kiu treo;
- Trn sn khu v gh ngi ca khn gi.
2. Dy dn v cp t ngm trong tng, trn hoc vch ngn bng granit hoc trt va
thng phi theo cc iu kin sau y:
- Nu tng hoc vch ngn bng vt liu khng chy th t dy trong rnh lt va
hoc di lp trt va;
- Trong cc rnh v cc kt cu xy dng rng;
- Trong rnh hoc l cc kt cu xy dng c sn;
- t di lp trt va ca trn lm bng cc tm khng chy;
- t trong khe h gia cc tm b tng c sn, bn ngoi trt va thch cao mn;
- t trong cc rnh cha sn trong cc tm b tng ct thp c ln, ngoi cng trt va
thch cao mn;
- Trong cc tng v cc hc trng ca cc tm b tng ct thp ca panen v trong rnh
cc tm c bit ca nh kiu tm ln;
- t trn nn sn th ca mi tng, trn nh khng chy ca tng cui cng (k c tng
hm), di lp va xi mng ct hoc thch cao dy 10mm. i vi dy t ngm trn
45

nh yu cu phi t v tr bo m khng b h hng v mt c hc.

4. Dy dn v cp t ngm di t phi thc hin theo quy nh ca thit k.
iu 67. Dy dn v cp giao cho
1. Dy dn v cp giao cho vi nhau, ti v tr giao cho phi qun tng cng 3 n 4
lp bng nha dnh hoc bng cao su.
2. Dy dn v cp giao cho vi cc ng nhin liu kh hoc lng, phi lp t khong
cch theo quy nh ca thit k.
3. Dy dn v cp i qua cc vch chn v sn phi lun trong ng cch in, 2 u
ng phi lng ng lt bng cao su hoc s, nha.
iu 68. Lp t ng lun dy dn v cp
1. ng thp lun dy v cp in ch c dng trong phm vi thit k quy nh.
Phi ty sch cc ba via trong ng v ng khng c mp mo bp. Nu ng cha c
lp bo v chng g (lp m) th phi nh sch ri sn mt trong ngoi, ng t trong b
tng ch cn sn mt trong. ng t trong nh c hin tng n mn th phi sn hoc
m theo ch dn ca thit k.
2. ng cch in lun dy v cp in phi thc hin theo cc yu cu sau:
- ng cch in lun dy v cp in qua tng, sn gc phi lin v khng c ni.
Khi t ng trn b mt lt g c trt va, khng cho php dng mng sng ni cc
ng cch in trn on tuyn gia hai hp;
- ng cch in v ng xp np lun dy v cp in khi a vo hp, t, bng, hp
bo v lm bng vt liu khng cch in, cng nh khi a vo cc hp th cc u ng
phi c ng lt hoc phu cch in;
- ng cch in lun dy v cp khng a vo ng, hp hoc v ca thit b in,
ng h th u ni cui phi c ng lt hay phu cch in.
3. Khong cch c nh ng khi t h t 2,5m n 4m theo yu cu thc t.
4. ng t trong mng ca thit b cng ngh phi c nh vo kt cu hay ct thp
trc khi b tng. Ni ng bng mng sng c ren v c chn kn. Ch ng ra khi
mng chui vo t phi thc hin theo thit k trnh gy ng khi t hay mng b ln.
5. ch giao cho vi khe gin n phi t ng trong cc hp c bit c b phn gin
n hoc ni vi b phn gin n mm vo ng.
6. ng lp t cc gian d n, d chy, m t, c hi hoc kh lm hi cch in ca
dy nhng ni dn nc hoc nh tng c th chui vo ng v cc thit b in
ngoi tri u phi dng loi mng sng c ren rnh vi m kn ch ni. cc gian c
bi, ch ni ng phi chn chng bi.
7. nhng ni m t, nng, bi hay c ha cht n mn, v.v. nu u ng khng t
trong hp thit b th phi dng nha cch in chn kn gia ng v dy.
iu 69. Ghp ni ng lun dy dn v cp
- Ni cc on ng vi nhau phi dng mng sng cng loi vt liu vi ng v 2 u ng
ni phi kht nhau;
- Ni 2 on ng mm vi nhau phi dng mng sng cng vt liu c ng knh ln
hn v di 100mm. Cc mng sng phi c chn kn, v tr cn chng va p phi
dng dy thp qun ai chc chn. C th dng ng thp mng ni cc ng mm vi
nhau. Ch ni ng vi ng thp phi chn cht nh khi ni bng mng sng;
- Ni cc ng cao su cng, ng nha cng v ng kim loi vi nhau dng cc mng sng
chuyn dng c ch to t nhng on ng mng, ng knh trong ca ng ni phi
ph hp vi ng knh ngoi ca ng.
46

iu 70. Bn knh un cong ca ng

- Bn knh un cong ca ng thp phi ln hn 1,5 ln bn knh un cong cho php ca
cp lun bn trong ng;
- Bn knh un cong ca ng phi kim loi bng hoc ln hn bn knh un cong cho php
ca cp lun bn trong ng;
- Khng cho php un t nhin cc ng phi kim loi cng khng xp np. Ch thay i
hng tuyn v cc gc phi t hp ni hoc bng cc on ng mm;
- i vi ng phi kim loi loi mm, ch un ng v tr cn chng va p phi dng dy
thp 1,5mm qun ngoi vi bc ai l 8-10 mm.
iu 71. B tr cc thit b in trn dy dn v cp
Cc thit b t trn h thng dn in cung cp hay phn phi phi t ngay cnh cc
im r nhnh cc ch c th n gn kim tra v sa cha, phi c b tr hay
che chn ngi lm vic v khng chm phi cc b phn mang in.
Cho php t thit b in di thp, nu t trn cao kh khn cho ngi thao tc
vn hnh.
iu khin cc thit b ng ct t cao qu tm ngi, cn phi c cc trang b thch
hp thao tc, trn thit b phi c cc k hiu ch r trng thi ca thit b v phi nhn
thy t v tr ng thao tc.

Mc 1.8-6. Lp t ng cp ngm
iu 72. Phm vi p dng
Phn ny c p dng cho lp t ng cp in ngm n 35 kV v cho cp nh th.
ng cp in in p 110kV, 220kV v 500kV c lp t theo quy nh ca thit k
v hng dn ca nh ch to.
Khng p dng cho cc ng cp ngm c bit (xe in ngm, ng hm, v.v.).
iu 73. Lp t cp trong cng trnh cp
1. Quy nh v cng trnh cp:
- Cng trnh cp lp t cp ngm bao gm mng cp, hm cp, ging cp, khi
cp, ng cp;
- Kt cu v quy cch cng trnh cp, gi cp thc hin theo quy nh trong Ph lc
2.1-8 v Ph lc 2.1-9
- Ti cc ch ni khi cp hay ni ng vi nhau th cc u ng v u khi cp phi gia
cng nhn khng lm hng cp khi ko cp v khi khai thc cp;
- Cn phi kim tra ng lun cp v l ca khi cp bng cch ko th ng th nghim
km mt si cp mi i qua ng cp mt cch trn tru trc khi lp cp.
2. Quy nh v cp:
- Kiu cp, tit din v s lng rut cp, tuyn cp v phng php t cp phi theo
quy nh trong Chng 2.1 Phn 2;
- Trc khi t cp, phi xem xt tnh trng cp cn qun ru l, khng c lp t cp
hng. V cp khng cho php c vt nt, lm, xc, rch, v.v. Nu phi x l do cc
khuyt tt k trn th chiu dy v cp sau khi x l khng c nh hn tr s quy nh
ca nh ch to;
- Cp phi c th nghim trc khi lp t.
3. Lp t cp trong cng trnh cp:
- Cp c lp t trong cng tnh cp phi b tr theo lp v khong cch theo quy nh
trong iu 213.
47

- Bn knh un cong ca cp b tr trong cng trnh cp nu khng c quy nh ca nh

ch to th thc hin theo quy nh trong Ph lc 2.1-7.
iu 74. Lp t cp trong ho cp
- Cp c t trc tip trong t (trong ho cp) phi c lt pha di v ph pha
trn mt lp t mn, mm v xp. Phi c bng cnh bo v lp bo v pha trn sut
chiu di tuyn cp bo hiu v ngn nga h hi cp do cc tc ng t bn trn;
- Khng c t cp trong cc vng t b nhim (t c ha cht n mn, tro x, rc
ri, v.v.) v c dng in r ln. Nu tht cn thit i qua cc vng nu trn th phi
dng loi cp c bc lp bo v chng n mn. Trng hp khng c lp bo v chng
n mn th phi t cp trong ng cch in;
- su chn cp, b tr cp, khong cch n cc cng trnh, giao cho vi cc cng
trnh v nh du cng trnh trn mt t phi thc hin theo quy nh trong iu 214 v
iu 217;
- Trong trng hp c bit, cho php gim su v khong cch lp t cp theo quy
nh, nhng cp phi c t trong ng;
- Khi thi cng xong phi c bn v hon cng ton b tuyn cp.
iu 75. Lp t cp qua bi bn ly v di nc
- Cp lp t qua sng, sui, mng, mng, knh, rch, bi ct bi, bi bn ly v di
nc phi thc hin theo quy nh trong iu 219;
- ng cp in i qua sng ngi, knh rch, v.v. cn t on c y v b t b nc
lm xi l. Trng hp t cp xung nc m dng chy thng thay i v cc b
thng b ngp nc v xi l, th phi thc hin cc quy nh ca thit k v bin php
bo v an ton cho cp v phi chn v tr an ton t ct trn b;
- Cp phi chn su di y khng c nh hn 1m khi i qua sng ngi, knh rch,
v.v. v khng c nh hn 2m khi i qua khu vc tu thuyn thng xuyn qua li;
- Ti khu vc thng ht no y theo chu k th su t cp phi c s tho thun
ca c quan qun l cng trnh giao thng khu vc .

Mc 1.8-7. Lp t ng dy ti in trn khng (DK)

iu 76. Phm vi p dng
Lp t DK in p n 500 kV phi tun theo cc quy nh trong Chng 2.3 Phn 2.
iu 77. Cung cp h s, ti liu v bn giao mt bng
1. C quan ch qun cng trnh cung cp cho nh thu xy lp cc h s sau:
- Ti liu thit k c thm tra v ph duyt (bao gm thit k v tin );
- Giy php s dng t cho din tch s dng t vnh vin;
- Cc h s php l khc c s chp nhn ca cc c quan c thm quyn lin quan n
cng trnh;
- Cc vn bn lin quan khc ti cc cng vic gii phng mt bng v cht cy ti hin
trng.
2. C quan ch qun cng trnh bn giao tim, mc tuyn DK cho nh thu thi cng km
theo H s n b gii phng mt bng phm vi t s dng vnh vin xy dng ct.
iu 78. Yu cu xy lp
Nhng cng vic xy lp DK phi thc hin theo ng ti liu thit k, theo tiu chun
xy dng nh nc, Quy chun k thut v Quy chun k thut an ton hin hnh.
Nhng cng vic pht sinh ngoi thit k, trong tng trng hp c th c tha thun
48

ca c quan ch qun cng trnh v ca c quan thit k.

iu 79. T chc thi cng
thc hin c hiu qu nhng cng vic ch yu ca cng trnh DK, nh thu xy lp
phi bo m thc hin cc yu cu sau:
- Lp k hoch thc hin vi cc ni dung lin quan n tin thc hin, k hoch cung
ng ti chnh, k hoch cung ng vt t, k hoch huy ng thit b thi cng, k hoch
huy ng v qun l nhn lc, k hoch qun l cht lng, k hoch qun l an ton;
- Lp thit k t chc xy dng chi tit cho tng hng mc cng trnh;
- Chun b chu o vt t, k thut v nhn lc;
- Nng cao nng lc c gii thi cng v ng dng tin b k thut trong thi cng;
- Nghin cu bin php t chc thi cng hp l.
iu 80. La chn phng n thi cng hiu qu
i vi lp t DK in p n 35 kV nu khng c c im k thut phc tp, nn p
dng phng php thi cng n gin, kt hp gia th cng v c gii mt cch hp l,
nhng trong mi trng hp phi nghin cu k h s thit k v lp phng n t chc
thi cng c hiu qu.
i vi ng dy in p t 110kV tr ln, cn phi xem xt k hin trng, tm cc
ng tm thi cng thun li nht, lp cc phng n t chc xy dng ph hp vi cc
iu kin thc t ti hin trng vi mc chi ph thp nht.
iu 81. Thi cng phn mng
1. o h mng:
- o h mng DK phi thc hin theo quy nh v o t v quy trnh cng ngh
c lp trong thit k t chc thi cng. Trc khi o phi kim tra v tr mng v gic
mng chnh xc;
- su y h mng phi theo ng thit k. Trng hp o h mng kh thc hin
su thit k th phi c c quan thit k ng ;
- Kim tra y mng: y h mng sau khi o phi dn sch s, bng phng v phi
kim tra kch thc h mng so vi ti liu thit k. Lm phng y h mng bng
phng php ct phng t khng lm h hng kt cu nguyn th y mng. Ch
cho php p t lm phng mt bng y h mng, nhng phi m cht;
- N mn to h mng: Khi tin hnh n mn to h mng, phi c php v phi chu s
gim st cht ch theo quy nh n mn. Cho php hon chnh h mng bng phng
php n mn, gii hn an ton ca vng n mn phi tun theo Quy chun k thut an
ton v n mn. Cng nhn vin lm vic n mn phi c st hch kim tra k thut
nh mn v Quy chun k thut an ton v cng tc n mn, ng thi phi c s nht k
n mn. Ch cho php n mn khi tri cn sng, cm n mn khi tri ti v khi c ging bo.
Cng vic n mn phi tin hnh thn trng theo mt phng n k thut chnh xc v
thng nht di s ch huy ca 1 ngi chu trch nhim chnh;
- Nu trong h mng c nc, trc khi lp t mng hoc c mng hay lp t h
mng phi tin hnh bm nc ra ngoi v ch c thi cng tr li khi cht lng h
mng phc hi nh trng thi trc khi b ngp.
2. Thi cng mng
- Ct thp mng, tr mng v bu lng mng phi ng chng loi v kch thc theo quy
nh ca thit k;
- B tng c mng phi ng mc quy nh ca thit k. nhng v tr ct c mi trng
xm thc phi s dng xi mng v bin php thi cng theo quy nh ca thit k;
49

- Thi cng h thng ni t ca ct theo quy nh ca thit k ng thi vi vic thi cng
mng ct;
- Phi nghim thu mng trc khi lp h mng.
3. Lp h mng
t lp h mng phi c m nn theo quy nh ca thit k.
iu 82. Lp v dng ct
1. Mt bng lp rp ct:
Mt bng lp rp mi v tr ct phi c gng b tr gn mng ct, din tch tp kt
kt cu ct v thun li cho vic vn chuyn n v tr lp rp. Ngoi ra cn phi tnh ti
ng cho cc phng tin c gii c th tip cn n chn ct s dng ti a
phng n lp t ct bng c gii.
2. Lp dng ct b tng:
- Ct b tng phi kim tra k lng chc chn khng c nt v qu gii hn cho
php v ng chng loi quy nh;
- Trc khi dng ct b tng theo phng php bn l xoay th tr mng kiu l mc
phi b tr thanh chng lc y ca bn l vo thnh mng khi dng ct. Cm dng ct
khi cha hon thin cng vic lm mng, lp mng v thanh chng k trn;
- nhng khu vc thun li nn dng ct b tng bng cn cu;
- Chn chn ct vo tr mng bng b tng mc cao v c tin hnh sau khi iu
chnh ng v tr thit k. Lp chn ct phi ng quy nh ca thit k.
3. Lp dng ct thp
- Kim tra kch thc v cht lng bu lng mng chn ct so vi ti liu thit k.
Nu pht hin c sai lch phi x l trc khi lp dng ct;
- Kim tra cht lng cc mi hn, lp m, mc thp s dng ca tng chi tit, cht
lng v chng loi cc loi bu lng s dng ghp ni ct. Thng thng kim tra bng
mt thng i chiu vi ti liu xut xng km theo. Trong trng hp nghi ng cht
lng khng bo m phi kim tra bng cc thit b chuyn dng;
- Lp dng ct thp thng thng bng cn cu leo. nhng v tr phng tin c gii
c th tip cn c th nn s dng cn cu lp on di ca ct;
- Sit bu lng bng c l lc theo lc quy nh;
- Sai s cho php trong qu trnh lp t cc ct thp theo tiu chun v nghim thu ch
to, lp t cc kt cu thp.
4. Thi cng, lp t mng no, dy no
- Mng no phi c ch to, lp t su v hng no theo quy nh ca thit k.
t lp h mng no phi m cht vi h s m nn khng nh hn 0,9;
- Dy no phi c ch to theo quy nh ca thit k cho tng v tr tng ng. Trc
khi lp t phi kim tra cht lng dy no, cc ph kin lp rp, nu t yu cu k
thut mi cho php lp t.
iu 83. Lp t cch in
Cch in c lp t trong thi gian dng ct hoc cng dy. Cch in phi c lp
chc chn vo x v ct.
iu 84. Lp t dy dn v dy chng st
1. Kim tra trc khi ri cng dy:
- Kim tra chng loi, tit din v c tnh k thut ca dy dn v dy chng st theo quy
nh trong thit k;
- Kim tra cht lng v an ton ca cc thit b thi cng ri, cng dy.
50

2. Chun b ri cng dy:

- Xin ct in ca nhng ng dy in lc m tuyn ng dy vt qua;
- Lp t dn gio v tr vt quc l, vt ng dy in lc.
3. Ri cng dy:
- Khi ri dy dn in phi t dy trn cc rng rc trn ct, phi dng bin php chng
h hng dy theo b mt tip xc vi t, v cc vt cn khc trn a hnh tuyn
ng dy i qua;
- Khi ri dy qua sng c nc mn hoc nc l phi c bin php dy khng chm
vi nc;
- Cng dy theo ng sut v vng quy nh ca thit k;
- Ri cng dy chng st c dy cp quang (OPGW) thc hin theo quy nh ca nh ch
to;
- Kim tra khong cch an ton n t, n cng trnh khc theo quy nh trong iu
272, iu 273, iu 274, iu 275. Nu khng bo m khong cch an ton theo quy
nh th phi cng c quan ch qun cng trnh v c quan thit k thng nht bin php
x l.
4. Lp dy vi ph kin
- Khi lp dy vi kho hoc kho no (kho bu lng) phi sit cht bu lng, nhng
khng lm h hng cp bn trong;
- Khi lp dy vi kho no (kho p) phi p u dy vo kha theo quy nh ca nh ch
to;
- Lp t dy vi s ng ph hp vi c im cng ngh ca s.
5. Ni dy dn
Dy dn c th ni vi nhau bng cch hn, bt kp bu lng, bt kp u ct, ng ni, v.v.
v thc hin theo yu cu k thut ca tng cch ni;
S lng mi ni trong khong ct theo quy nh trong iu 250.
iu 85. Lp bin hiu v sn bo hiu ct
Trc khi a vo vn hnh, tt c cc ct phi c gn bin hiu, sn v lp n bo
hiu theo quy nh trong iu 270.

Mc 1.8-8. Lp t h thng phn phi v trm bin p

iu 86. Quy nh chung
Phn ny c p dng lp t cc thit b in trong nh v ngoi tri in p n
500 kV;
- Tt c cc kt cu ca thit b phi c sn hoc m ph hp vi mc ch chng
g do yu t mi trng;
- Bin cnh bo nguy him phi c t v tr thch hp bo m an ton;
- Nhn thit b, mu ca cc pha, v.v. phi c thc hin theo quy nh trong Ph lc
1.2-1;
- Khng sn nhng ch o nhit mi ni v lp ni t di ng. Nhng phn mang
in u ni bng bu lng ch c sn sau khi lp t hon chnh nhm bo m
dn in.
iu 87. Gian lp t thit b in
1. Trong gian in, hnh lang vn hnh pha trc v pha sau bng in phi tho mn
nhng yu cu k thut quy nh trong iu 324.
2. Ro chn cc b phn mang in khng bc cch in, ca thot him ca gian in
51

phi tho mn nhng yu cu k thut quy nh trong iu 310.

iu 88. Lp t trang b phn phi
1. Lp t thanh ci
- Thanh ci trc khi lp t phi c nn thng, khng b gp, khng c c vt nt
ti ch un ca thanh ci. C nh thanh ci trn s v u ni vi thit b phi tnh n
s co, dn n do nhit;
- u ni ca thanh ci phi c bn thch hp, chu c dao ng t cc thit b ni
vi chng, chu c trng lc ca dy dn, p lc ca gi, lc in t to ra gia cc
dy dn khi b s c ngn mch;
- Cc u ni ca thanh ci phi c hn, bt bng bu lng hoc ni bng p. in tr
cc u ni khng c ln hn thanh ci;
- Khi ni cc thanh ci, phi c cc bin php chng n mn ti im ni bao gm cc bu
lng, ai c vng m cho ph hp vi mi trng. Khi ni cc kim loi khc nhau nh
thanh ci bng nhm vi thanh ci bng ng, phi c bin php chng n mn in ha
ti ch ni.
2. Lp t trang b phn phi in
a) Lp t cc thit b phn phi ngoi tri cn tun theo nhng yu cu sau y:
- Thit b cn phi c b tr trn mt nn phng cao t nht l 0,3m so vi mt nn
v 0,5m i vi t bng in;
- Trong cc t in, nu c yu cu phi b tr sy ti ch bo m s hot ng bnh
thng ca cc thit b, r le, thit b o lng v cng t o m in nng theo yu cu
ca tiu chun Vit Nam hin hnh.
b) Lp t my ct in
Lp t my ct in phi c thc hin theo quy nh ca thit k v ch dn ca nh
ch to. Cc h thng truyn ng ca my ct v ca cc h thng khc phi chnh nh
lm vic trn tru v chnh xc;
c) Lp t dao cch ly
Lp t dao cch ly phi c thc hin theo quy nh ca thit k v ch dn ca nh
ch to. Cc h thng truyn ng ca dao cch ly v ca cc h thng khc phi chnh
nh lm vic trn tru v chnh xc;
d) Lp t my bin p o lng
Lp t my bin p o lng phi c thc hin theo quy nh ca thit k v ch dn
ca nh ch to. Nhng u dy cha s dng ca cc cun dy th cp my bin
dng in phi c u tt. Trong mi trng hp (tr nhng trng hp ghi trong
thit k) mt trong cc u dy cun dy th cp my bin dng in t trong mch c
in p t 500V tr ln v ca my bin in p u phi c tip t.
3. Lp t t bng in
- Lp t t bng phi c thc hin theo quy nh ca thit k v ch dn ca nh ch
to. Ca ca t in phi m ra hnh lang vn hnh bo m khong cch theo quy nh;
- Mi chi tit kim loi khng cch in vi t bng hoc dng c nh cc thit b v
thanh ci u phi ni vi v t.
iu 89. Lp t my bin p lc
Phn ny dng lp t cc my bin p (k c my bin p t ngu v cun khng c
du) in p n 500kV.
Lp t my bin p lc phi thc hin theo nhng yu cu sau:
- My bin p c t trc tip trn mng hoc t trn bnh xe phi c chn chc
v mi pha;
52

- Lp s u vo, cnh tn nhit, bnh du ph phi kn, kht;

- Lp dy dn in trn MBA trong ng hoc mng cch in v kh chy;
- Lc v sy du cch in theo quy nh ca nh ch to v tiu chun cch in ca
my bin p;
- Sau khi lp t phi th nghim do n v th nghim chuyn ngnh thc hin.
iu 90. Lp t h thng ng ct cch in kh (GIS)
1. GIS c lp t trong nh hoc ngoi tri. Nu lp t ngoi tri th khng c thc
hin khi c tri ma hoc nhiu bi.
Nu phm vi lp GIS c che ma v chn bi c thc hin tt, gi c nhit v
m ph hp, cho php trin khai cng tc t hp bt k thi tit no.
2. Trc khi bt u t hp, u ni, phi lm sch bn trong bnh cha (nu lp ri tng
b phn) v phi c kim tra:
- Nt v mt bch v tm m;
- Ri bu lng v inh ghim vo trong bnh cha;
- Vt bm dnh ngoi lai v vt bn vo thit b v mt tip xc;
- Vt xy xt, bc lp m, v.v. trn tip im;
- Vt xy xt trn b mt ni lp vng ch O.
3. Phi s dng m dn in chuyn dng cho cc b phn u ni ca dy dn, chn
kn b mt lp vng m hnh ch O v cc b mt lm kn khng kh.
4. Thi gian tip xc ca cht hp th vi khng kh
Thi gian tip xc ca cht hp th vi khng kh (t thi im chn kn b h ti thi
im to li chn khng) khng c qu 30 pht.
Bt c khi no b to chn khng b h, cht hp th phi c thay mi trc khi np
kh SF6.
5. Ht chn khng v np kh SF6
- Trc khi np kh SF6, bnh phi c ht chn khng;
- Mt hoc hai ngy sau khi np y kh SF6, phi phn tch kh SF6; cc gi tr phn tch
phi p ng cc yu cu k thut;
- Sau khi bm y kh SF6, phi kim tra r kh. Sau khi kim tra r kh bng th nghim
th kn kh, phi tin hnh chng thm nc cho cc b phn chn kn;
- Sau khi ht kh SF6 khi bnh cha, cc van ch c thao tc sau khi khng nh
ngn cch kh vi h thng phn phi kh sao cho kh khng b ht t cc bnh khc. Khi
kt thc cng vic, cc van phi c kim tra, phi tnh trng thch hp vi s
phn phi kh;
- Khi ht kh SF6 ra khi bnh, phi s dng thit b thu hi kh, khng c kh lt ra
ngoi.
6. Cc b phn ca GIS sau khi lp t phi c kim tra theo quy nh ca nh ch
to, tin hnh th nghim v nghim thu theo quy nh hin hnh.
iu 91. Lp t mch th cp
1. Cc quy nh trong Chng ny p dng lp t cc dy dn ca mch iu khin,
o lng, bo v, lin ng v tn hiu, ngha l cho tt c cc mch th cp t trong
cc ngn thit b phn phi, cc t, bng iu khin v cc t, bng iu khin cc t my
cng ngh.
2. Lp t dy dn v cp
a) Lp t cc dy dn v cp xuyn, vt phi bo m cc yu cu sau:
- i vi tng b tng v tng , dy, cp in phi lun trong ng thp hay ng cch
in hoc qua cc l c hp st;
53

- i vi cc ngn t bng kim loi, phi t trong cc ng cch in hay mng cch in;
- i vi cc ngn t bng vt liu cch in th cho php t trc tip;
b) Cc dy dn ni vo thit b c du (nh n r le hi) phi c lp cch in chu du
v c s bo v trnh cc h hng v c hc;
c) Cc dy dn v cp rut ng nhiu si ni vo cc hng kp u dy v thit b u
phi c cc u ct hay cc vng khuyn c p kp. Cp 1 rut cho php un cc u
cp thnh hnh vng khuyn;
d) Cc dy dn v cp ni vo cc kp u dy phi c di d tr cn thit khi b
t c th ni li vo cc u kp;
) Khi phi ko dy dn qua cnh ca hay cc b phn thng phi ng m (ca t
bng in, v.v) phi s dng loi dy c rut ng mm.
3. Lp t cc hng kp u dy
a) Cc kp u dy khng c g, bm bi v h hi v phi c c nh chc
chn. Cc hng kp u dy ca thit b phi c t trong hp hoc trong t;
b) Cc thit b phn phi in p trn 1 kV phi s dng hng kp th nghim cho cc
cm tip im ca my ct, dao cch ly v cc my bin in vic kim tra, bo
dng hoc x l khng phi ct in mch s cp.
Cc dy dn ca mch th cp phi c ni vi hng kp, ni vi cc im ca ng
h o v cc thit b theo nh s ni cp.
V bc u ct u dy v ng bc u dy phi c lm bng vt liu cch in.
iu 92. Lp t h thng c quy
Phn ny p dng lp t c quy axt ch kiu kn, c quy kim kiu kn v thc hin
theo quy nh trong Chng 3.2-10. Phn 3.
- Trong qu trnh vn chuyn, c quy phi c c nh v bt kn cc l thng hi ca c
quy. Ngoi ra cn phi tun theo cc ch dn v khuyn co c th ca nh ch to v
vn chuyn, lp t, vn hnh, bo dng v an ton;
- c quy b tr thnh cm ring cho tng mc ch s dng;
- c quy c lp trn gi theo lp v tng thun li cho u ni v thng gi;
- c quy b tr trong t kn phi lp h thng thng kh ra bn ngoi;
- u ni cc c quy phi dng cc thanh dn trn hoc bc bng thp, ng, nhm hoc
hp kim. Cc thanh dn trn phi c c nh chc chn vi puly hoc s cch in;
- Cc bnh ca cc c quy ch - axt v c quy kim khng c r g dung dch in
phn ra ngoi;
- Quy trnh np c quy ch - axt v c quy kim sau khi lp t phi tun theo yu cu ca
nh ch to;
- c quy v cc thit b km theo phi c sn v ghi k hiu theo quy nh trong Ph
lc 1.2-1.

Mc 1.8-9. Lp t b t in
iu 93. Lp t b t in nng cao h s cng sut
Cc quy nh trong Chng ny c p dng lp cc b t in hoc tng bnh t
in loi cch in tng cao h s cng sut ca thit b in xoay chiu tn s 50Hz
v in p n 110kV.
Cc t in lp ring l dc theo cc DK c lp t nh quy nh cho lp t TBA
trn ct c quy nh trong Mc 3.2-5.
Cc t in lp tp trung ti cc TBA c lp t nh quy nh trong Mc 3.2-1.

54

Mc 1.8-10. Lp t h thng phng chng chy v thng gi

iu 94. Lp t h thng phng chng chy
1. H thng phng chng chy cho MBA lp t trong nh:
- H thng thu gom du ca MBA thc hin theo cc quy nh trong iu 327;
- Ca (cng) thot ra vo phi thc hin theo cc quy nh trong iu 325.
2. H thng phng chng chy cho MBA lp t ngoi tri:
- H thng thu gom du v b cha du s c thc hin theo iu 24;
- H thng chng chy, n cho MBA thc hin theo cc quy nh trong iu 316.
3. H thng ch ng phng chng chy n cho MBA thc hin theo Khon 2 iu 316:
- T cha bnh kh nit, cc ng dn u ni phi ph hp vi MBA;
- Hp gim st v iu khin phi b tr trong phng iu khin trung tm.
iu 95. H thng thng gi MBA
1. H thng thng gi trong gian MBA phi bo m thot nhit do MBA ta ra v khng
c thng vi h thng thng gi khc.
2. ng thng gi ca gian MBA lin nh c tng khng chy nhng mi d chy th phi
cch tng nh t nht l 1,5m hoc c bo v bng tng chn khng chy cao hn
mi t nht 0,6m.
3. MBA c b lm mt cng bc phi c b t ng khi ng v dng h thng lm
mt. Phi t ng khi ng b lm mt theo nhit lp du trn cng hoc nhit
cun dy MBA v theo tr s dng in ph ti MBA.
4. H thng lm mt t bn ngoi MBA phi b tr sao cho khng cn tr vic chuyn
MBA khi b mng v c th tin hnh sa cha chng khi MBA ang lm vic. Lung
gi nng ca b lm mt ny khng c hng vo thn MBA.
5. Khi b tr cc van ca h thng lm mt MBA phi bo m tip cn chng thun li.
B lm mt phi bo m kh nng tho ri khi MBA, kh nng tho ring tng b phn
v khi vn chuyn MBA c th khng phi x du ra khi MBA.
6. ng ng dn du bn ngoi ca b lm mt cng bc phi lm bng vt liu
khng g hoc vt liu chu n mn. B tr ng dn du quanh MBA khng c lm cn
tr vic vn hnh v bo dng MBA v b lm mt. Khi cn thit, phi lp sn v thang
tip cn cc van v qut gi c thun li.
7. kim tra bm du v bm nc ca h thng lm mt cng bc, mi my bm
phi lp mt p k. Nu bm c lp b lc li th p k phi lp c u vo v u ra
ca b lc.
8. H thng lm mt t bn ngoi kiu n hoc kp b tr thnh mt hng phi t
chung trn cng mt b mng. H thng lm mt kiu nhm c th b tr trc tip trn
mng hoc trn ng ray khi mun vn chuyn trn bnh xe.
9. MBA c h thng lm mt cng bc phi trang b tn hiu bo khi h thng tun hon
du, nc lm mt, qut gi b ngng hoc bo ng t ng h thng lm mt d
phng hoc ngun in d phng.
10. Cc bnh hp th lm sch du MBA t b lm mt cng bc phi t trong
nh nu nh ch to yu cu v c kh nng thay th cht hp th ti ch.
11. Phi trang b b sy bng in cho t truyn ng ca b iu chnh in p di ti.
12. Phi bo v chng nng cho cc bao gin n cha nit bo v du MBA.

55

Mc 1.8-11. Lp t h thng chiu sng

iu 96. Lp t h thng chiu sng
Cc quy nh trong Chng ny p dng cho lp t thit b in ca h thng chiu sng
trong nh v ngoi tri.
Chiu sng cho tng khu vc phi cng theo cc quy nh trong Ph lc 3.2-3.
1. Yu cu i vi thit b chiu sng
- n chiu sng phi lp ng chng loi (chng m, chng chy, chng n, chng bi)
v quy cch quy nh cho khu vc chiu sng;
- n chiu sng phi lp ng cao v nghing quy nh trong thit k;
- Thit b ng ct thng t li i (pha trong hoc ngoi) sao cho khng b che khut
khi ng m ca. Cc cng tc bung tm, nh v sinh cn b tr pha ngoi ca.
2. Yu cu i vi lp t thit b chiu sng
- Cc b phn kt cu lp t thit b chiu sng nh: gi , mc, hp, cn, cc chi
tit c nh lin kt, v.v. u phi c m hoc sn chng g;
- Cc kt cu c nh thit b chiu sng phi tnh ton sc chu gp 5 ln khi lng thit
b, ng thi phi tnh ton sc bn nu c ngi ng trn n thao tc lp rp v sa
cha. i vi gi hoc ct treo n chm phc tp phi tnh cng thm 80kg;
- n pha phi c c nh chc chn vo b phn quay.
3. Yu cu i vi dy dn lp t thit b chiu sng
- Chng loi dy dn, tit din dy dn v phng thc lp t dy dn cho h thng
chiu sng c tnh ton la chn theo quy nh trong Chng 2.2 Phn 2;
- Dy dn cung cp in cho cc thit b chiu sng phi c cch in chu c in p
xoay chiu 500V v in p mt chiu 1000V;
- Cc mi ni ca cp v dy dn rut ng, nhm ni vo cc thit b chiu sng ph
chn chc chn ph hp vi cu to ca n. Cc u dy ni vo cc thit b, t in v
n phi c on d phng ni li khi dy b t.

Mc 1.8-12. Lp t h thng ni t
iu 97. Quy nh chung
Phn ny p dng cho vic lp t h thng ni t cc thit b in xoay chiu in p
trn 42V v trn thit b in 1 chiu in p trn 110V.
iu 98. Cc b phn phi ni t v khng phi ni t
1. Cc b phn ca trang thit b in phi ni t:
- V my in, my bin p, cc thit b, v.v.;
- B truyn ng ca cc thit b in quay;
- Cc cun dy th cp ca my bin in o lng;
- Khung ca t bng in phn phi, t iu khin v cc t, bng in khc;
- Cc kt cu kim loi ca trm bin p v cc thit b phn phi ngoi tri, v kim loi cc
hp cp, v kim loi ca cp (k c cp kim tra v dy dn) ng thp lun dy dn in,
v.v.;
- Cc ro chn, li chn hay tm chn kim loi bo v cc b phn mang in, cc
dn, cc x, cc sn thao tc bng kim loi v cc b phn khc c th mang in p;
- Khi cc my in t trn cc gi trt th dy ni t phi bt vo my, phi bo m
tip xc tt gia my in v gi trt;
- Cc ct thp v b tng ct thp DK vic ni t cc kt cu phi theo ng quy nh
56

ca ti liu thit k.
2. Cc b phn ca trang thit b in khng phi ni t:
- Cc ph kin v cc thit b lp t trn cc kt cu bng g ca trm bin p ngoi tri
nu khng c yu cu phi bo v trnh qu in p kh quyn;
- Cc thit b t trn cc kt cu kim loi c ni t, nhng b mt tip xc gia
thit b v kt cu kim loi phi c nh sch v tip xc tt;
- V ca cc ng h o lng in, r le t trn cc bng, t in, thnh t thit b
phn phi;
- Cc ng ray nh my in, trm bin p v cc x nghip cng nghip;
- Cc b phn thng phi tho hoc m ra cc t thit b phn phi, cc ro chn cc
t, cc ca cc khung bng kim loi, v.v. ca cc t c ni t;
- Cc dng c s dng in c cch in cao gp i.
iu 99. Bin php ni t
1. H ni t an ton, ni t lm vic v ni t chng st phi c ni ti li ni
t chnh bng dy nhnh ring. Nhng b phn cn ni t trong cng mt h u vi
nhau v u vo li ni t chnh.
Cho php thay th ni t ca tng ng c in cc thit b in khc t trn cc my
chnh bng cch trc tip ni t thn b my chnh, nhng phi bo m tip xc tt
gia cc thn thit b vi thn my chnh.
2. Tn dng cc vt ni t t nhin
Khi thc hin ni t nn tn dng cc vt ni t t nhin:
- Cc ng dn nc v ng kim loi khc chn trong t, tr ng dn nhin liu lng, ng
dn nhin liu kh d chy n, ng dn nc n mng n gia sc v n cc thit b vt
sa tri chn nui gia sc;
- Cc ng ti nc;
- Cc kt cu kim loi ca cc cng trnh xy dng;
- Cc tm c bng kim loi ca cc cng trnh thu li;
- Cc v ch ca cp chn trong t (tr v nhm ca cp phi cch in vi t).
3. u ni h thng ni t t nhin vi h thng ni t chnh
Cc vt ni t t nhin phi c ni vi h thng ni t chnh t nht l 2 im khc
nhau. Yu cu ny khng quy nh cho trng hp cc ni t lp li ca dy trung tnh
v cc v kim loi ca cp.
iu 100. Yu cu i vi dy ni t v in cc tip t
1. Vt liu dy ni t v in cc tip t thng thng dng bng thp, ng, nhm.
Kch thc, cht liu v phm vi s dng quy nh trong Ph lc 1.7-1, Ph lc 1.7-2 v
Ph lc 1.7-3.
Dy ni t v in cc tip t bng thp phi c m km nhng nng.
Cm dng cc dy dn trn bng nhm chn trong t lm cc vt ni t hay dy
dn ni t.
2. Cc dy ni t cho nhng dng c dng in di ng phi nm chung v vi cc dy
pha v bng tit din ca dy pha . Rut dy dn v cp dng cho cc dng c dng
in di ng phi l dy mm, c tit din khng nh hn 1,5mm2.
3. Cc ng ray, dm cu trc c dng lm dy ni t cc thit b in ca my trc
trong nh hoc ngoi tri (tr cc gian nh d n) phi c ni chc chn vi h thng
57

ni t 2 u, cc ch gip ni ca cc ray dm cu trc phi dng cu ni mm hn

p vo bo m cho mch in c lin thng.
4. Cc ng thp lun dy dn in c dng lm dy ni t hay ni t phi
c ni chc chn khi cc ng trn t h c th dng ng ni c bi bt ch hoc mt
loi kt cu khc c s tip xc tt. Khi ng t ngm ch c dng ng ni c bi bt
ch. bo m tnh lin tc mch ni t phi thc hin cc yu cu sau:
- Trong mi trng hp ng lun dy t ngm v i vi trng hp c li trung tnh
ni t m ng lun dy th t h, cc ch ni ng phi hn thm mt, hai im v mi
pha ng ni, cng cho php hn cu ni bng kim loi c dn in;
- nhng ch ni ng vo cc hp, cc thit b v v thit b in phi dng loi ai c
ng ni (rc co) ni t hoc cc bin php khc bo m tip xc tt v in hay ni
vo hp (hm, t, v) bng cch hn p cc cu ni kim loi c dn in.
5. Cc dy ni t phi c bo v trnh cc tc ng c hc v ho hc. Ti cc v
tr dy ni t giao cho vi cc cp, cc ng ng, ng st v cc ch khc c th
gy ra cc h hng c hc u phi c phng php bo v.
6. Dy ni t nhng v tr i xuyn tng phi t trong hc tng, trong ng hoc
trong cc v bc cng.
7. Ni cc dy t vi nhau, vo kt cu hoc vo v cc thit b, cc my in, v.v. c
th dng hn hoc dng bu lng bt ni chc chn. Chiu di mi hn phi bng 2 ln
chiu rng hn ca dy khi dy c tit din ch nht hoc bng 6 ln ng knh dy khi
dy c tit din trn. Vic ni dy trung tnh ca cc mch in v ca DK cho php
thc hin nh phng php ni cc dy pha. Trong cc gian nh m t v c cc hi
hay kh c hi (n mn) th vic ni dy ni t nn ni bng phng php hn, trng
hp khng th hn c th cho php ni bng bu lng, khi mt tip xc ca tm bt
bu lng phi bng 2 ln tit din dy ni t v mi ni phi c lp ph bo v.
8. Vic ni dy ni t vi vt ni t ko di (ng ng nc hoc phn thp ca kt
cu xy dng) phi thc hin bn ngoi nh v bng phng php hn hoc bt cli.
Ch bt cli vo ng phi c nh sch.
V tr v phng php ni phi la chn sao cho khi tho cc ng ra sa cha vn
bo m c in tr ni t cn thit bng cc bin php k thut ph hp. Cc ng
h o nc, cc van, v.v. phi c cc on ni t vng.
iu 101.Lp t dy ni t
1. Dy ni t lp t di mt t phi t ng su v kch thc quy nh ca thit
k cng nh quy nh trong Mc 1.7-3 Phn 1.
2. Dy ni t lp t h bng dy trn hoc dy bc c th lp t ng hoc ngang
hoc song song vi cc kt cu t xin ca nh. i vi dy ni t tit din ch nht
phi t mt dt ca dy song song vi b mt ca kt cu.
- Cc dy ni t cho php t trc tip trn mt b tng, trn gch, trn mt tng khu
vc kh v mi trng khng c yu t n mn, nhng phi c bt cht trn cc chn
, t cch mt tng trong cc gian m t t nht l 5mm hoc 10mm trong khu vc
c hi n mn;
- Trong mng cp, cc dy ni t phi t cch mt di cc tm an t nht l 50mm.
Khong cch gia cc im dy ni t t 600-1000mm;
- Dy ni t t h trong nh khi giao cho vi cc rnh ( nhng ch c ti trng nng
di ng qua li) phi c bo v chc chn trnh b h hng c hc.
58

iu 102. Ni t ng cp
- Ni t cho ng cp thc hin theo quy nh trong iu 36;
- V kim loi, ai thp ca cc cp ni vi nhau, ni vi v hp ni cp, phu cp v ni
t bng dy ng mm.
iu 103. Ni t cho DK
- Ni t cho DK thc hin theo quy nh trong Mc 1.7-3.
- in tr ni t ca tng ct ty thuc vo in tr sut ca t chn ct theo quy
nh iu 38;
- H thng ni t cho ct v dy chng st ca DK b tr xung quanh mng ct. v tr
c in tr sut ca t qu cao cho php ko di dy ni t n khu vc c m cao
v in tr sut thp.
iu 104. Ni t cho TBPP v TBA
- Ni t cho TBPP v TBA thc hin theo quy nh trong Mc 1.7-4;
- in tr ni t ca tng trm ty thuc quy m TBA v in tr sut ca khu vc xy
dng TBA theo quy nh theo quy nh ca thit k c tnh ton theo iu 41 v Ph
lc 1.7-6;
- S lng tia ni t ca tng thit b vo li ni t chnh theo quy nh trong iu
342;
- Tt c gi ca thit b, ca thit b, v cc t bng phi c ni vo li ni
t chnh;
- Dy ni t, cc tip t bng thp hoc bng ng theo quy nh ca thit k.
iu 105. Ni t li in chiu sng
- Dy dn ca li in chiu sng t trong ng, thit b in t trong khung kim loi
c ni t th khng phi ni t;
- n, chn n ca n chiu sng ngoi tri phi c ni t;
- Dy dn in ln n b tr trn ct c lp kim thu st phi t trong ng thp t di
t n n v phi ni vo h thng ni t chung.
iu 106. Sn h thng ni t
- Cc dy ni t h, cc kt cu, dy dn v thanh st dt ca li ni t phi c
sn theo quy nh trong iu 35;
- v tr ni vi dy ni t lu ng phi nh du bng cch dng sn v k hiu "tip
t" v biu tng ni t.
CHNG 1.9. YU CU V VN HNH V BO DNG

Mc 1.9-1. Ch huy iu - thao tc

iu 107. Quy nh chung
Phn ny quy nh cc iu khon, th tc cn thit v cc yu cu k thut cho Trung
tm iu h thng in quc gia (sau y gi l Trung tm iu quc gia), trung
tm iu min, a phng v tt c cc n v vn hnh trang thit b in cc trm
bin p, ng dy truyn ti, phn phi in, nh my in, v.v. thc hin cc quy nh
sau:
1. Bo m cung cp in y ;

59

2. Bo m cung cp in lin tc cho khch hng v bo m hot ng n nh ca

ton h thng;
3. Bo m cht lng in (tn s, in p, dng in, v.v.) theo quy nh trong Chng
1.6 Phn 1 ca Quy chun k thut ny;
4. Bo m cho h thng in v cc h thng in lin hp lm vic kinh t, s dng
hp l nguyn, nhin liu theo cc biu ph ti nh.
iu 108. Ch huy iu
Ch huy iu c thc hin t cc trung tm iu . Trung tm iu phi c
trang b cc phng tin cn thit ch huy cng vic iu , ph hp vi cc quy
chun k thut hin hnh.
Yu cu v h thng SCADA: Nh my in c tng cng sut t 10MW tr ln u ni
vo li in v cc trm bin p t 110kV tr ln phi c trang b h thng iu khin
phn tn DCS hoc RTU c mt (01) hoc hai (02) cng c lp vi nhau v c kt ni
trc tip vi h thng SCADA theo yu cu ca n v iu .
iu 109. S kt ni thit b
Ti cc phng iu khin ca cc nh my in v cc trm truyn ti (bao gm cc trm
truyn ti u mi m t y c th kim tra, kim sot cc trm khc), cc trung tm
iu phi c s ni (s m phng) ca cc thit b in t ni ch huy ca
nhn vin iu nh my in, trm truyn ti v trung tm iu .
Tt c cc thay i trong s ni dy cng nh cc thay i v tr ni t cn phi c
ch r trn s (hoc s m phng) ngay sau khi tin hnh thao tc.
iu 110. Kh nng ti ca thit b in v ng dy dn in
Kh nng ti cho php i vi cc thit b in v ng dy dn in phi do phng iu
ca Trung tm iu quc gia hoc trung tm iu min phi hp cng vi cc
cng ty in lc v cc nh my in lp ra. Kh nng ti cho php ny phi da trn
phng thc vn hnh v tr s thit lp ca h thng r le bo v v t ng. Kh nng
ti phi c xem xt li t nht mt ln trong mt nm.
iu 111. Biu ph ti nh my in
Biu ph ti cc nh my in phi tnh n nhu cu ca cc ngnh kinh t quc dn
(cng nghip, nng nghip, thu li, giao thng, v.v.). i vi nh my thy in phi ph
hp vi quy hoch iu tit ngun nc.
iu 112. Vn hnh theo biu ph ti giao v d phng nng ca cc nh
my in
Cc nh my in phi hon thnh cc biu ph ti v d phng nng giao. Nu v
mt l do no khng thc hin c biu ph ti th nhn vin trc nht phi bo
co ngay cho Trung tm iu quc gia v/hoc trung tm iu min.
Trong trng hp cn thit trung tm iu min c quyn thay i biu ph ti ca
nh my in nhng phi gi nguyn biu ph ti tng ca ton h thng do Trung
tm iu quc gia lp. Vic thay i biu ph ti tng phi c Trung tm iu
quc gia cho php.
Ch c Trung tm iu quc gia c quyn cho php thay i biu truyn cng sut
gia cc h thng in lin kt min.
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Trung tm iu c quyn yu cu nh my in tng cng cng sut ht mc hoc

gim n mc thp nht theo iu kin k thut ca thit b.
iu 113. K hoch i tu sa cha
- K hoch tng th hng nm v i tu v sa cha cc nh my in v li in cn
c trnh ln Trung tm iu quc gia.
- Trng hp k hoch tng th v i tu v sa cha c thay i phi c s ph
chun ca Trung tm iu quc gia.
- Trng hp c bit khi c yu cu sa cha thit b khng theo k hoch hoc x l
s c, cc yu cu ny phi c trnh v c ph duyt ca trung tm iu theo
phn cp.
iu 114. Dng thit b sa cha v kim tra
Mun a cc thit b cng nh h thng r le bo v v t ng, iu chnh t ng tn
s v cng sut truyn ti, cc phng tin ch huy iu v iu khin cng ngh ra
khi vn hnh v d phng sa cha hay th nghim, trong bt k trng hp no
(nm trong hoc nm ngoi k hoch), yu cu phi lm vn bn v c trung tm iu
ph duyt.
iu 115. Thi gian thao tc
Thi gian thc hin cc thao tc lin quan n vic a cc thit b sa cha hoc a
thit b hoc ng dy vo hot ng cn c tnh ton t thi gian cho php theo
yu cu ca trung tm iu theo phn cp.
Trng hp thi gian cn thay i, phi c s ph duyt ca trung tm iu theo phn
cp.
iu 116. Dng vn hnh
Mc d cc yu cu c chp thun, nhng lc a thit b ra khi vn hnh v d
phng sa cha hay th nghim u phi c trung tm iu theo phn cp cho
php ngay trc khi bt u sa cha hoc kim tra.
iu 117. Phng thc x l s c
mi trung tm iu phi c quy trnh x l s c cc nhn vin k thut p dng.
Khi xut hin s c, cc trung tm iu v nhn vin vn hnh lin quan phi p dng
mi bin php hn ch s lan rng s c v khi phc cung cp in cho khch hng
ngay khi c th.

Mc 1.9-2. Nhim v vn hnh

iu 118. Nhn vin vn hnh
Cc nh my in, cng ty in lc, cc n v cung cp in v n v vn hnh li
in cn phn cng ngi thch hp p ng cc trnh theo yu cu c quy nh
trong cc tiu chun c lin quan vi chc nng v nhim v ngi vn hnh.
Nhn vin vn hnh h thng in, nh my in, li in bao gm:
1. Nhn vin trc nht lm vic theo lch ca cc b phn sn xut;
2. Nhn vin vn hnh, thao tc, sa cha b phn sn xut;
3. Cn b trc nht trong ca vn hnh bao gm:
- iu vin trc nht h thng in quc gia;
- iu vin trc nht h thng in min;
- iu vin trc nht h thng in ring l;
61

- iu vin trc nht in a phng v chi nhnh in;

- Trng ca nh my in.
iu 119. Bo dng thit b.
Vic bo dng thit b in do cc nhn vin vn hnh thc hin thng xuyn hoc
nh k theo lch quy nh cho tng thit b hoc nhm thit b.
iu 120. Trch nhim gim st v bo dng thit b, my mc
Cc nh my in, cng ty in lc, cc n v cung cp in phi yu cu v gim st
cc n v vn hnh, bo m vn hnh an ton v khng xy ra s c, ng thi phi
duy tr v sinh mi trng, sp xp cc dng c v thit b ngn np phc v cho vn
hnh, bo dng, sa cha theo ng quy nh.
iu 121. Kim tra vn hnh ca cc thit b
Nhn vin vn hnh phi nh k kim tra theo ng quy trnh vn hnh nhng thit b
cng ngh, phng tin phng chng chy, tn hiu bo s c, thit b thng tin lin lc
lun lun trong tnh trng lm vic an ton v n nh.

Mc 1.9-3. Cc phng tin ch huy iu v iu khin

iu 122. Phng tin ch huy v iu khin
Cc c s ch huy iu ca cc nh my in, cng ty in lc, cc n v cung cp
in v n v vn hnh li in phi c trang b cc phng tin ph hp theo ng
cc tiu chun thit k cng ngh cho ch huy v iu khin ca h thng in. Ngoi ra
cc phng tin phi ph hp v s lng cc thit b iu khin c kh t xa v
thng tin lin lc trong h thng in.
Cc phng tin cn phi c duy tr thng xuyn trng thi lm vic tt.
iu 123. Thit b thng tin lin lc v h thng iu khin t xa
Cc trm khch hng c in p 110kV tr ln ty theo quy m v yu cu iu
c trang b h thng thng tin lin lc v iu khin t xa. S lng h thng iu
khin t xa ca cc trm truyn ti c xc nh da trn cc yu cu v tin cy cho
iu , iu khin, thao tc bng cc knh thng tin v phi ph hp vi h thng in.
Kt cu v ch bo dng phng tin thng tin lin lc v iu khin t xa ca cc
trm truyn ti phi thc hin theo ng quy nh.
iu 124. Vn hnh mng vin thng, h thng iu iu khin t xa v h thng
truyn thng tin
n v qun l thng tin v iu khin t xa bo m qun l v vn hnh mng li vin
thng cho sn xut, truyn ti, phn phi in p ng cc yu cu v tin cy cho iu
, iu khin, thao tc bng cc knh thng tin ph hp vi h thng in.
iu 125. Ti liu cho ch huy v iu khin
Thit b k thut iu v iu khin cng ngh, vn hnh my tnh v cc thit b ngoi
vi, thit b u cui ca my tnh phi c cc ti liu thit k, ti liu ca nh ch to, cc
s v quy trnh vn hnh cng nh phi c ti liu k thut ca thit b v bin bn
kim tra vn hnh.

62

iu 126. Bo v thit b thng tin hu tuyn

Cc thit b thng tin hu tuyn phi c bo v, trnh tc ng nguy him v nhiu do
cc thit b in cao p gy ra ph hp vi quy nh hin hnh v bo v ng dy vin
thng hu tuyn ca h thng in.
iu 127. Ngun in d phng cho cc thit b iu v iu khin
Cc thit b iu v iu khin cng ngh cng nh cc thit b k thut my tnh tham
gia trc tip vo qu trnh iu khin cn phi c ngun in d phng t ng ng li
khi mt in li. Cc ngun d phng phi thc hin theo ng cc yu cu hin
hnh.
iu 128. Kim tra phng tin ch huy v iu khin
Cc nh my in, cng ty in lc, cc n v cung cp in v n v vn hnh li
in phi nh k kim tra ton b cc thit b iu , c bit ch ti v tr ca cc
kho chuyn mch, con ni mch v tn hiu bo s c.

Mc 1.9-4. Vn hnh MBA v cun khng

iu 129. Quy nh chung
Khi vn hnh MBA lc v cun khng phi duy tr vn hnh n nh v lu di ca chng
thng qua cc hng mc sau:
1. Gim st nhit , ch ph ti v mc in p.
2. Gim st nghim ngt tiu chun v cht lng du v c tnh cch in.
3. Duy tr tt cc trang b lm mt, iu chnh in p, bo v du v cc trang b khc.
4. Thng xuyn gim st, kim tra cc ni dung c th theo quy nh trong Quy trnh vn
hnh MBA.
iu 130. Trang thit b phng chng chy
Cc trang b phng chng chy t c nh phi c kim tra thng xuyn v nh k
theo quy nh bo m lun sn sng lm vic. H thng thu gom du s c ca MBA
(cun khng) v cc ng x du phi c duy tr trong trng thi sn sng lm vic.
iu 131. nh s, k hiu
Trn v MBA (cun khng) v tt c cc thit b t ngoi tri phi ghi tn gi thng nht
theo quy nh ca iu . Trn v cc my bin p (cun khng) 1 pha phi ghi tn ca
pha. Chn s thanh ci, im mc chui no dy dn phi sn mu ca pha theo quy
nh.
MBA (cun khng) t ngoi tri phi sn mu sng chu c tc ng ca mi trng v
ca du.
iu 132. Vn hnh MBA v cun khng
1. Ch vn hnh
- iu chnh ch v s vn hnh ca li in cung cp da trn c s cc s liu
thu thp c;
- Mi cun dy ca MBA c php qu ti lu di cao hn dng in nh mc 5% ca
nc in p tng ng nu in p nc khng cao hn in p nh mc. Ty theo
ch lm vic, MBA c php qu ti thng xuyn, gii hn v thi gian qu ti cn
c theo quy trnh v ch vn hnh MBA ph hp vi quy nh ca nh ch to. Phi
ghi li cc s liu dng ti ca MBA in p 110kV tr ln theo gi trong mt nm, kt
63

qu phi c tng hp li v phn tch xem xt cho vic nng cp hoc thay th
MBA;
- MBA t ngu c cun dy in p thp ni vi my pht in, my b ng b hoc
ph ti th cn kim tra dng in phn chung ca cun dy in p cao.
2. Vn hnh b iu p di ti
B iu chnh in p di ti ca MBA phi lun lun trong tnh trng lm vic; thng
thng b iu chnh ny lm vic t ng. Phi kim tra tn sut lm vic ca b iu
chnh cn c vo tr s ghi trn b m vn hnh.
3. Vn hnh h thng lm mt
- Thng xuyn kim tra h thng lm mt ca MBA bo m cho my lm vic tt
vi ch ph ti theo quy nh;
- H thng lm mt ca MBA lm mt bng khng kh v du tun hon cng bc phi
c t ng ng (ct) ng thi vi vic ng (ct) MBA. Du phi c lin tc tun
hon m khng ph thuc mc mang ti;
- Cc ng c in ca h thng lm mt MBA (cun khng) thng phi c cp in
t hai ngun. i vi MBA (cun khng) c du tun hon cng bc phi trang b b t
ng ng ngun d phng (TD).
4. H thng du
- Du trong bnh du ph ca MBA phi c bo v trnh tip xc trc tip vi mi
trng khng kh xung quanh;
- Du trong cc s in c du phi c bo v chng xy ha v chng nhim m;
- Du trong bnh du ph ca MBA (cun khng) phi ngang vch nh du tng ng
vi nhit du trong MBA (cun khng).
5. Kim tra, sa cha sau s c
- Khi r le bo v cc h hng bn trong MBA (cun khng) tc ng ct MBA ra khi
li, phi tin hnh xem xt pha ngoi MBA (cun khng) pht hin nhng bin dng,
ng thi kim tra in tr cch in v ly mu kh trong r le hi phn tch v kim
tra tnh cht chy ca kh. Nu in tr cch in thp hoc kh chy c hoc trong kh
c cha nhng sn phm do phn hy cht cch in, MBA (cun khng) s khng c
ng in li;
- Trong trng hp cn sa cha MBA, phi lp phng n sa cha c cp c thm
quyn ph duyt v phi chun b y cc vt t, phng tin v thit b sa cha
trc khi thc hin.
6. ng in li MBA
Trng hp MBA (cun khng) ct t ng do tc ng ca r le bo v hoc sau khi
sa cha ch cho php ng vo lm vic tr li sau khi xem xt, th nghim, phn
tch nguyn nhn s c, phn tch mu kh, khc phc nhng iu bt thng pht
hin v xc nhn khng c cn tr no ti vic vn hnh tip tc ca MBA.
7. Kim tra MBA
Phi kim tra thng xuyn v kim tra nh k MBA theo nhng ni dung quy nh ca
nh ch to v quy nh trong quy trnh vn hnh MBA.

Mc 1.9-5. Vn hnh trang b phn phi in (TBPP)

iu 133. Quy nh chung
n v vn hnh cc TBPP cn bo m cc iu kin lm vic ca tng thit b in vi
64

cc gi tr danh nh trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng v nhanh chng loi tr s c

khi ngn mch hoc qu in p.
Nhn vin vn hnh TBPP phi nm vng s v cc ch dn theo cc ch lm vic
cho php ca thit b in trong iu kin bnh thng v s c.
Thng xuyn gim st, kim tra cc TBPP theo cc ni dung chi tit quy nh trong Quy
trnh vn hnh.
iu 134. Kim tra cc iu kin vn hnh
- Cc kt cu b pht nng khi gn cc phn mang in m nhn vin vn hnh d tip
xc phi c hn ch nhit khng vt qu +500C;
- Nhit trong nh cc PTN vo ma h khng c vt qu +350C, v phi c cc
bin php lm mt khng kh gim nhit ca cc thit b in;
- cc PNT v PTN phi c cc bin php ngn nga khng cho cc ng vt v chim
chui vo. Lp ph sn nh khng cho php to thnh bi. Gia cy ci vi cc phn
mang in trong PNT phi c khong cch loi tr c kh nng phng in;
- Cc mng v rnh cp cc h thng phn phi phi c y kn bng cc tm an
khng chy. nhng l cp vo nh, xuyn tng v ni cp ra khi mng cp phi
c bt kn bng cc vt liu khng chy;
- Cc hm cp, mng cp phi c gi gn sch s, phi c trang b h thng thi
nc ng bng vt liu kh chy;
- H thng cha du, h thu du, h thng thot thi du phi bo m hot ng tt v
bo m khng du thi ra mi trng.
iu 135. Kim tra ch lm vic ca thit b
- Mc du cc my bin p o lng, cc s c du khng c vt qu cc gii hn
ch th du theo nhit mi trng. Du trong cc thit b trn phi bo v chng m
v xy ha;
- Kim tra nh k nhit pht nng cc mi ni thanh ci c dng in t 1000A tr
ln trong cc TBPP bng cc thit b chuyn dng;
- Cc TBPP in p trn 1kV phi trang b cc kha lin ng nhm ngn nga vic thao
tc nhm ca dao cch ly, dao tch nhnh, my ct, dao tip t, v.v. Nhn vin vn hnh
trc tip thao tc cc thit b trn phi thc hin theo lnh v c s gim st ca nhn vin
trc.
iu 136. Vn hnh thit b in
1. iu kin vn hnh
- cc trm bin p, trm ct cng nh cc cng trnh khc lp t trn cao khng c
hng ro vy quanh th cc tay truyn ng dao cch ly v cc t phn phi phi c
kha. Thang c nh tro ln sn thao tc phi t bin cnh bo cm tro;
- my ct in v b phn truyn ng phi c b ch th v tr ng hoc ct. cc
my ct in c b truyn ng t lin vi my ct th ch cn t b ch th v tr ng ct
hoc my ct in hoc b truyn ng. cc my ct in tip im lm vic ca
n d dng quan st c v tr ng hoc ct th khng nht thit phi c b ch th v tr
ng ct ca my ct;
- cc b truyn ng dao cch ly, dao tip t, dao tch nhnh v cc thit b khc c tng
ngn cch vi cc thit b th phi c b phn ch th v tr "ng" v "ct";
- Kim tra v th nghim i vi TBPP phi thc hin theo quy nh Quy chun k thut v
th nghim in.
2. An ton vn hnh
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- Kim tra an ton nh k theo quy nh i vi h thng chng st, ni t ca TBPP so

vi quy nh v x l kp thi khi khng t yu cu k thut;
- Kim tra an ton nh k theo quy nh i vi dng c phng chy cha chy v h
thng PCCC, lp k hoch trang b b sung v duy tu bo dng;
- Kim tra nh k theo quy nh i vi cc phng tin cu h, cu nn.
3. Bo dng v i tu nh k
Bo dng v i tu thit b TBPP c thc hin theo k hoch c ph duyt
b tr thi gian bo dng v i tu hp l ng thi vn bo m cung cp in lin tc
v an ton.

Mc 1.9-6. Vn hnh h thng c quy

iu 137. Ch lm vic
- Khi vn hnh h thng c quy phi bo m lm vic tin cy lu di vi mc in p cn
thit trn thanh ci in mt chiu trong ch vn hnh bnh thng v s c;
- Kim tra cc c quy mi cng nh c quy ang vn hnh theo quy nh ca nh ch to;
- in p thanh ci in mt chiu cung cp in cho cc mch iu khin trang b r le
bo v, tn hiu t ng v iu khin t xa, trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng cho
php khng ln hn 5% in p nh mc ca cc trang thit b nhn in;
- Khi c chm t trong h thng in mt chiu, phi nhanh chng loi tr, khng cho
php h thng ny lm vic, tr trng hp trong qu trnh pht hin im chm t.
iu 138. iu kin v mi trng lm vic
- Nhit ca gian t c quy theo hng dn ca nh ch to. Trng hp khng c
hng dn nh ch to, nhit ca gian t c quy nn duy tr t 10oC n 30oC c
quy hot ng hiu qu v c tui th cao;
- Bung c quy phi c h thng thng gi cng bc y thot kh ra ngoi. Trc
khi vo lm vic trong bung c quy phi bt h thng thng gi t nht l 30 pht;
- Cc t lp c quy phi c ng thot kh ra ngoi.

Mc 1.9-7. Vn hnh ng dy dn in trn khng (DK)

iu 139. Kim tra bo dng nh k, sa cha ln
Bo dng DK phi tin hnh theo quy nh, phi kim tra v o lng nh k kp
thi x l cc b phn kt cu DK b h hng bt thng.
Thng xuyn xem xt v xut cc gii php tng th nhm phc hi li cc c tnh
vn hnh ban u ca DK ni chung hoc cc b phn ca chng ni ring bng cch
sa cha cc b phn b h hng hoc thay chng bng nhng loi c cht lng v
kinh t hn nhm ci thin cc c tnh vn hnh ca ng dy. Cn tin hnh kim tra
bo dng thit b DK bng phng php v chu k thch hp nhm duy tr tin cy
v tnh kinh t khi hot ng. Khi a ng dy vo sa cha ln, phi bo m
a DK vo trng thi lm vic nh ban u.
Phi trin khai vic sa cha v bo dng tng tuyn DK mt cch thng nht, vo
cng mt thi im hn ch ti a thi gian ct in.
C quan qun l cn xc nh chu k bo dng kim tra da trn tnh trng v s c
xy ra trn thc t.

66

iu 140. Bo v an ton cho cng trnh li din

Trong qun l vn hnh DK phi nghim chnh chp hnh cc quy nh v bo v an
ton cc cng trnh li in:
- Lp bin cnh bo an ton trn cng trnh li in v dc hnh lang li in trong cc
khu ng dn c;
- nh k theo quy nh trong Quy trnh vn hnh DK phi kim tra an ton hnh lang
li in pht hin nhng vi phm trong hnh lang an ton, lp k hoch v phng
n khc phc ng thi thng bo cho c nhn v t chc vi phm khc phc cc vi
phm v gim st qu trnh khc phc;
- nh k pht quang hnh lang tuyn ng dy (rc, cy ci, v.v.) v gi an ton
ngn nga cc v chy xy ra gn ng dy lm h hng DK. Trong v ngoi hnh
lang tuyn ng dy, cc cy c kh nng gy s c cho ng dy phi c x l
theo ng quy nh v vic bo v an ton cc cng trnh li in;
- Phi hp vi a phng tuyn truyn, gio dc thc bo v an ton li in v
lp cc nhm, i t nguyn bo v an ton li in;
- C quan qun l li in phi c cc bin php ngn nga cc c nhn hoc t chc
khc tin hnh cc cng vic trong hnh lang tuyn DK, vi phm cc quy nh v bo v
an ton cc cng trnh li in.
iu 141. Thng bo v s nguy him v bi thng thit hi khi sa cha.
Khi sa cha, bo dng ng dy phi thng bo trn dc tuyn ng dy v thi
gian v phm vi lm vic cng vi nhng cnh bo v nguy him c th xy ra. Trong
qu trnh thc hin nu gy thit hi th n v qun l phi tha thun vi a phng v
phng thc n b theo quy nh hin hnh.
iu 142. Lp t v bo qun cc bin bo v tn hiu:
1. Cc bin bo v tn hiu phi gi trong iu kin tt nht, cc bin cnh bo, tn hiu
cnh bo b h hng phi c sa cha. Cc bin bo c b tr cc v tr sau:
- Bin bo t trn b cc khong DK vt sng c thuyn b qua li thng xuyn v
bin bo DK i ngang qua ng giao thng;
- Tn hiu nh sng v sn bo hiu t cc ct cao;
- Cc bin bo, bin hiu lp vnh vin trn cc ct ca DK.
2. C quan qun l li in phi theo di v ngh vi c quan qun l ng st,
ng b t cc ro chn v bin cnh bo nguy him ngn cc phng tin giao
thng qu kh i qua va chm vo cng trnh in. Vic t v bo dng cc bin bo,
ro chn do c quan qun l ng st, ng b thc hin.
iu 143. Kim tra, tun tra DK
1. nh k theo quy nh trong Quy trnh vn hnh DK phi kim tra v th nghim DK
theo cc yu cu k thut c quy nh trong Chng 2.
2. Tun tra DK c thc hin theo k hoch sau:
- Tun tra nh k;
- Tun tra khn cp;
- Tun tra bt thng (sau s c, sau khi k ngh di, trc khi bo, v.v.).
iu 144. Bin php x l h hng
- Nhng h hng, thiu st pht hin khi kim tra DK phi c ghi vo nht k hoc h
s, ty theo mc h hng phi tin hnh sa cha ngay hoc sa cha trong k bo
67

dng DK;
- nh k kim tra nhim bn b mt vt cch in ca DK. Trong trng hp vt
cch in b nhim nghim trng, phi c k hoch v bin php lm sch thch hp
bo m cho h thng in vn hot ng an ton lin tc;
- Trong qu trnh bo dng, sa cha nu c thay i kt cu ct cng nh cc kt cu
khc ca DK phi c y cc ti liu tnh ton k thut ph hp v c c quan c
thm quyn ph duyt;
- Cc c quan qun l li in phi d phng mt s ph tng, ph kin thay th theo
quy nh c th tin hnh thay th kp thi khi sa cha cc h hng trn DK.
iu 145. Phi hp qun l vn hnh
Khi cc c quan qun l vn hnh khc nhau c cc mch ng dy mc chung ct,
phi tha thun k hoch sa cha cho tng DK i chung ct. Trong trng hp sa
cha DK nu xy ra s c cn phi thng bo ngay cho bn lin quan (cc n v s
dng chung ct).

Mc 1.9-8. Vn hnh ng cp in lc
iu 146. Quy nh chung
1. Trong vn hnh cc ng cp in lc phi tin hnh gim st hnh lang tuyn cp,
bo dng cng trnh cp, theo di ch vn hnh cp nhm bo m cho cc ng
cp lun lm vic tin cy.
2. vn hnh ng cp cn phi c cc ti liu sau:
- Bn tuyn cp t l 1/200 hoc 1/500 (ty thuc vo a hnh cc h thng giao thng
v vin thng khu vc ng cp i qua) th hin mt bng tuyn cp, cc v tr gc, v
tr lp hp ni cp, cc v tr giao cho vi cng trnh khc; Bn v ct dc tuyn cp
nhng im cp giao ct vi ng giao thng v cc ng cp khc, ng ng (vi
cp in p t 35kV tr ln) v nhng on tuyn phc tp (vi cp 6-10 kV tr ln);
- Danh mc cc cng trnh ngm di t, ta nhng im ng cp giao cho vi
cc cng trnh khc (cp in lc, cp thng tin, ng nc, v.v.);
- Bin bn th nghim cp theo nhng iu kin k thut ca cp;
- Bin bn phn tch mu t dc tuyn theo c im ca tng on tuyn (nu cp chn
trc tip trong t).
iu 147. iu kin lm vic
1. Ph ti ca cp
Dng in ti cho php ln nht ca cp c tnh ton theo kh nng ti, theo iu kin
ngn mch, theo iu kin mi trng lp t cp v c quy nh trong cc Ph lc
2.1-3, Ph lc 2.3-4.
C th xc nh dng in ti ti a cho php theo kt qu th nghim. Trong khi th
nghim, nhit ca cp khng c vt qu gii hn quy nh. Nhit ca cp khi
th nghim phi c kim tra ti cc on c kh nng pht nhit cao nht.
2. Nhit trong hm cp, ging cp v mng cp
Nhit trong cc cng trnh cp khng c vt qu 45oC vo ma h. Trong trng
hp nhit vt qu 45oC, cn xem xt li cc yu cu thit k cp cho ph hp hoc
c gii php h nhit xung n mc quy nh.
3. Vn hnh qu ti
Cc ng cp c vn hnh qu ti n mc nhit ti a cho php. ng cp
vn hnh trong tnh trng qu ti khng cho php vt qu cc thng s k thut cho
68

php ca cp s dng.
iu 148. Gim st v kim tra
1.Gim st
- Tt c cc ng cp c in p bt k khi tin hnh thi cng phi thng bo cho c
quan qun l in khu vc bit. C quan qun l in khu vc phi b tr gim st k
thut theo di trong qu trnh xy lp, th nghim, nghim thu;
- Cc cng trnh khi thi cng nh hng n ng cp, th c quan qun l ng cp
phi c ngi gim st cng tc thi cng . Bin php bo v phi c trao i v
thng nht gia n v xy lp v c quan qun l ng cp.
2. Kim tra
- nh k kim tra v th nghim cp theo quy nh trong Quy trnh vn hnh cp;
- Khi pht hin nhng bt thng trn ng cp in phi theo di, nhanh chng pht
hin nguyn nhn v lp bin php khc phc.
iu 149. Bin php bo v an ton
- nhng vng c tuyn giao thng in kh ha hoc i qua vng t xm thc, cc
ng cp ch c a vo vn hnh sau khi c cc bin php i ph chng n
mn in phn. Trong cc khu vc ni trn, trn cc ng cp phi tin hnh o cc
dng in r (dng in lc), phi thnh lp v hiu chnh biu in th ca li cp
(hoc tng on cp) v a ra cc bin php khc phc cho vng ni trn;
- Tt c nhng hot ng lin quan n an ton trong hnh lang tuyn ng cp ch
c tin hnh khi c php ca c quan qun l ng cp;
- Trong qu trnh kim tra, bo dng, sa cha cc ng cp v cng trnh cp phi
tun th nghim ngt cc quy nh v an ton lao ng.
iu 150. Cng b thng tin
C quan qun l li in phi thng bo cho cc c quan v nhn dn trong khu vc v
hnh lang tuyn ng cp, nhng yu cu bo v an ton hnh lang tuyn ng cp
v t du hiu trn mt t v tr tuyn ng cp.

Mc 1.9-9. Vn hnh h thng r le bo v v t ng in

iu 151. Quy nh chung
Cc thit b in ca cc nh my in v li in phi c bo v chng ngn mch
v cc h hng trong ch vn hnh bnh thng bng cc trang b r le bo v, my
ct hoc cu chy v cc trang b t ng in trong c t ng iu chnh v t ng
ngn nga s c.
iu 152. Qun l v vn hnh
Cc nh my in, cng ty in lc, cc n v cung cp in v vn hnh li in chu
trch nhim qun l, vn hnh h thng r le bo v, t ng in, trang thit b o lng
in v mch th cp.
iu 153. Yu cu bo m quy trnh vn hnh v thng s vn hnh
Trong vn hnh phi bo m duy tr cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng ca cc trang b
r le bo v, o lng v t ng in, cc mch th cp theo cc quy chun k thut
quc gia v quy trnh k thut vn hnh (nhit , m, rung cho php v sai lch
thng s so vi nh mc, v.v.).

69

iu 154. K hiu v nh s
C quan qun l r le bo v v trang thit b t ng cn gn cc bng, nhn d nhn
dng bng mt. Trn bng r le in v h thng t ng bo v cng nh trn cc bng
iu khin v bn lm vic, trn c hai mt (trc v sau) cn c ghi tn theo cc quy
nh ca Trung tm iu . Cc trang thit b phi c k hiu c hai mt tun theo
s .
iu 155. Kim tra hot ng cc thit b v nng lc ca nhn vin vn hnh
C quan qun l yu cu n v c trch nhim kim tra s chnh xc ca cu chy, my
ct trong cc mch iu khin, th nghim my ct in v cc thit b khc, trao i tn
hiu bo v cao tn, o dng in khng cn bng ca bo v so lch thanh ci, th
nghim trang b t ng ng li (TL), ng ngun d phng (TD), t ng ghi sng
v cc trang thit b khc.
Chu k kim tra v th nghim trang thit b, phng tin th nghim cng nh trnh
cng ngh ca nhn vin vn hnh c quy nh theo cc quy chun k thut chuyn
ngnh.
iu 156. Kim tra r le bo v v thit b t ng
Cc trang b r le bo v, t ng v mch th cp phi c kim tra v hiu chnh nh
k theo quy trnh k thut v cc hng dn hin hnh.
Sau mi ln tc ng sai hoc khng tc ng, cc trang b ny phi c tin hnh kim
tra b sung (sau s c) theo quy trnh c bit.
iu 157. Cun dy th cp CT v VT
Cun dy th cp ca my bin dng khng c h. Cun dy th cp ca my
bin in p khng c ngn mch v phi c im ni t.
iu 158. Yu cu mch bo v v thit b t ng
Cc trang b bo v (cu chy, my ct) ca mch thao tc (iu khin) phi sn sng
hot ng.
Cu chy v dy chy phi c k hiu (chc nng v dng in).
cc bng (cc t) m nhn vin thao tc thc hin chuyn mch bng kha phi ghi
thm v tr tng ng ca kha ng vi cc ch lm vic.
Thao tc cc chuyn mch trn phi ghi vo nht k vn hnh.

Mc 1.9-10. Vn hnh h thng ni t

iu 159. Quy nh chung
Cc trang b ni t phi p ng cc yu cu v an ton cho ngi v cc thit b trong
mi ch vn hnh.
Phi ni t tt c cc b phn bng kim loi ca thit b in v ca cc cng trnh in
c kh nng r in khi cch in ca chng b h hng.
iu 160. Thi im o in tr ni t
Phi tin hnh o in tr ni t trong cc trng hp sau:
- Sau khi lp t, lm mi hoc i tu nhng cng vic trong nh my in, trm bin p v
ng dy;
- Trong trng hp bo dng ni t cc ct t 110kV tr ln v cch in b h hng
hoc nh thng bng h quang in.

70

iu 161. Ni t khu vc c tnh n mn cao

i vi cc trang b ni t ca cc cng trnh cng nh cc ct in thng xuyn b h
hng do g th vic o t ln kim tra li ni t phi lm thng xuyn hn theo
quyt nh ca ngi chu trch nhim.

Mc 1.9-11. Vn hnh h thng bo v qu in p

iu 162. B in dung
Trong h thng in, c rt nhiu cc loi cp ngm c lp t, dng in dung c
cng thm vo dng in s c chm t. V vy, khi dng in chm t ln c th lm
cho cc thit b bo v lm vic khng ng hoc gy nh hng nhiu in t trn ng
dy thng tin. Do s dng mt cun khng b lm gim dng in in dung, cng
sut ca cun khng b c la chn da trn cc nh hng ca dng in dung ti
cc chc nng ca thit b bo v v nh hng cm ng trn ng dy thng tin ni
trn.
iu 163. Cun khng dp h quang
- Cng sut ca cun khng dp h quang phi la chn theo dng in in dung ca
li c tnh n d kin pht trin li in;
- Cc cun khng dp h quang ni t phi t trong trm truyn ti ni vi li b
khng t hn ba ng dy;
- Khng c t cc cun khng dp h quang cc trm ct;
- Cun khng dp h quang phi u vo im trung tnh ca my bin p, my pht in
hoc my b ng b qua dao cch ly;
- u cun khng dp h quang, thng thng phi s dng my bin p c s
u dy sao - tam gic;
- Cm u cc cun khng dp h quang vo cc my bin p lc c bo v bng cu
chy;
- Cc thit b dp h quang phi c b iu chnh cng hng.
iu 164. Khng in iu chnh bng tay
Khi s dng cun khng dp h quang c iu chnh dng in bng tay th vic xc nh
mc iu chnh phi thc hin bng thit b o b cng hng. Nu khng c thit b ny
vic chn mc iu chnh phi da trn kt qu o dng in chm t, dng in dung,
dng in b c tnh n in p lch ca im trung tnh.
iu 165. Thao tc ng ct
Trong cc trm truyn ti 110-220kV, ngn nga xy ra qu in p do t pht sinh di
lch trung tnh hoc trong qu trnh pht sinh cng hng st t nguy him, th phi bt
u thao tc ni t im trung tnh ca my bin p ang c ng vo h thng thanh
ci khng mang ti ca my bin p 110kV v 220kV kiu cm ng.
Trc khi ct h thng thanh ci khng ti c t cc my bin p 110kV v 220kV ra
khi li th im trung tnh ca my bin p cp in phi c ni t.
li in v nhng im u ni 6-35kV trong trng hp cn thit phi c nhng
bin php ngn nga t di lch im trung tnh.

Mc 1.9-12. Vn hnh h thng o lng in

iu 166. Quy nh chung
- C quan qun l cc nh my in, cng ty in lc, cc n v cung cp in v n v
71

vn hnh li in chu trch nhim qun l v gim st cc trang b v h thng o

lng in. Vic qun l, gim st v hiu chnh cc trang b o lng c phn cp
cho tng cp qun l;
- Thi hn kim tra cc trang b o lng in thc hin theo tiu chun quc gia, tiu
chun c s v quy nh hin hnh;
- Tt c cc trang b o lng in ch c t v a vo vn hnh vi iu kin p
ng c cc yu cu theo quy nh v hng dn ca nh my ch to, theo quy nh
hin hnh;
- T chc, phng php tin hnh v bo co khi kim tra cc trang b o lng in
thc hin theo ng tiu chun quy nh hin hnh.
iu 167. Lp t mch cho trang b o lng in
Cc trang b o lng in cho cc my bin p v ng dy ti in c in p t
110kV tr ln t cc nh my in v trm truyn ti c ngi trc thng xuyn phi
c t ring bit cho tng mch u ni. Khng cho php t chung 1 trang b o
kt hp cho nhiu mch ni.
i vi cc mch o khc cho php t cc trang b o lng kt hp hoc s dng ca
cc trang b kim tra trung tm.
iu 168. Nguyn tc lp t cng t in
Nguyn tc lp t cng t in thc hin theo Mc 4.3-1.
iu 169. o in nng tiu th in t dng
mi trm truyn ti ca h thng in phi tnh c in nng tiu th cho nhu cu t
dng ca trm, cho cc hot ng ni b ca n v cng nh cho cc thnh phn tiu
th in khc, trong c cng sut tiu th ca thanh ci t dng ca trm truyn ti.
Cn t trang b o m in nng t dng cho cc phn t lm vic v d phng trong
cc nh my in. Ngoi ra, cc nh my nhit in nn t trang b o m in nng
cho cc ng c in chnh trong dy chuyn sn xut ca mi l v tua bin c th xc
nh c in nng tiu th cho tng phn on dy chuyn cng ngh.
CHNG 1.10. CC YU CU V KIM TRA H THNG LI IN

Mc 1.10-1. Yu cu chung
iu 170. Mc ch v phm vi p dng
Phn ny quy nh cc vn cn thit lin quan n hot ng kim tra trong qu trnh
lp t, nghim thu v kim tra nh k i vi trang thit b ca ng dy truyn ti,
phn phi in v cc trm bin p c in p n 500kV theo ni dung cc yu cu k
thut v quy nh k thut nu trong cc Phn 1, Phn 2, Phn 3 v Phn 4.
Vic kim tra hon thnh cc kt cu xy dng nh ct in v mng nm ngoi phm vi
ca Phn kim tra ny.
iu 171. Hnh thc kim tra
1. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi qun l tt c cc ni dung kim tra theo quy chun
k thut hin hnh. Nguyn tc l bn thn ch qun l cng trnh phi t ch o cng
tc kim tra. C quan ch qun cng trnh c th hp ng vi cc nh thu thc hin
kim tra vi iu kin l ch qun l cng trnh chu trch nhim. Trong trng hp c
quan ch qun cng trnh phi yu cu cc nh thu thc hin vic kim tra phi tun th
72

quy chun k thut hin hnh. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi gim st vic kim tra,
yu cu np bo co kt qu kim tra nu r mc ch, phng php v kt qu kim tra.
C quan chu trch nhim thanh tra khng k ch qun l cng trnh phi c nu trong
cc iu khon p dng. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi nm c mc ch, ni
dung, phng php, kt qu kim tra v lu gi ti liu theo di khi cn thit.
2. C quan c thm quyn s kim tra c quan ch qun cng trnh v s tun th quy
chun k thut hin hnh. C quan c thm quyn lp k hoch kim tra c th bao gm
c kim tra ti hin trng v xt duyt cc ti liu bo co kim tra. Trong trng hp
pht hin c s vi phm hoc khng tun th ng quy chun k thut th c quan c
thm quyn yu cu c quan ch qun cng trnh p dng cc bin php cn thit
khc phc hoc x l theo cc lut v quy nh lin quan.
3. Phn ny quy nh nhng yu cu nh nht cho cc cng trnh v thit b chnh vi
mc ch phng trnh him ho cho cng ng v s c ln ca h thng in. C quan
ch qun cng trnh phi thc hin cc kim tra v iu tra khc pht hin cc tim n
h hng v phi p dng cc bin php nm ngoi Quy chun k thut ny nu thy cn
thit v khng mu thun vi cc iu khon quy nh trong Quy chun k thut ny.
4. Phn ny quy nh khung cho cc cng tc kim tra. C quan qun l cng trnh s
quyt nh phng php v quy trnh chi tit da vo tnh trng thc t ca tng trang
thit b. Phng php tin hnh khng b b buc trong khun kh nhng quy nh trong
Quy chun k thut ny. Vic kim tra c th c tin hnh bi cc phng php thch
hp nu c c s cng ngh t c mc ch ca vic kim tra .
5. Phn ny khng quy nh v kim tra thng xuyn ca c quan ch qun cng trnh
trong vn hnh v kim tra khn cp sau cc s kin bt kh khng nh thin tai.

Mc 1.10-2. Kim tra giao nhn hng

iu 172. Quy nh chung
1. C quan ch qun cng trnh (hoc Nh thu ca c quan ch qun cng trnh) phi
tin hnh cc bin php kim tra vo thi im bn giao thch hp gia cc bn khng
nh s lng v chng loi thit b vt t trong khi vn chuyn, lp t nhm bo m
khng b bt k h hng no khi a vo vn hnh trong li in. C quan ch qun
cng trnh phi chu trch nhim php l trong vic xc nh tnh trng trang thit b da
trn bin bn kim tra ca nh sn xut hoc ca nh thu;
2. Kim tra sn phm khi giao nhn v s lng v chng loi bo m s ph hp
vi cc iu khon chi tit trong n t hng v bo m vic vn chuyn khng gy bt
k h hng no. Bn nhn hng phi kim tra da trn cc bin bn kim tra xut xng,
kim tra theo cc iu khon chi tit trong n hng bo m sn phm t yu cu
k thut;
3. Kim tra trong khi lp t c thc hin xc nhn vic hon thnh ca mi giai
on thi cng ti hin trng k c vic sa cha v i tu cho mi thit b (v d: my
bin p, my ct, v.v.) hoc mi cng on (v d: cng tc lp t ng dy, thi cng
cp ngm, v.v.). C quan ch qun cng trnh phi gim st qu trnh kim tra. C quan
ch qun cng trnh c th yu cu nh ch to hoc nh thu xy lp trnh bo co kt
qu kim tra. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra v r sot ton b cng vic da
trn cc bo co ny.

73

Mc 1.10-3. Kim tra khi lp t DK v ng cp ngm

iu 173. Kim tra DK
1. Kim tra ct ca DK
Kim tra kt cu mng, ct, x, gi , v.v. ca DK, kim tra in tr ni t v trng
thi cc dy ni t. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn ph hp
bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
2. Kim tra dy dn ca DK
Kim tra chng loi, kch thc, tnh trng ca dy dn v dy chng st sau khi hon
thnh cng vic lp t. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn ph
hp bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
3. Kim tra mi ni dy
Kim tra iu kin p ca cc ng ni c s dng ni dy dn v dy ni t. C
quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn ph hp bng cch kim tra trc
quan v o lng.
4. Kim tra dy chng st c cp quang (OPGW)
Kim tra tnh trng ca dy OPGW trong qu trnh thi cng v khi hon thnh lp t. C
quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn ph hp bng cch kim tra trc
quan v o lng.
5. Kim tra khong trng cch in
Khong trng cch in gia cc dy dn vi nhau, gia dy dn vi x, ct, gia cc
dy dn vi kt cu xung quanh cn phi kim tra sau khi hon thnh vic ri dy, cng
dy v u dy. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn ph hp
bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
6. Kim tra s cch in
Kim tra quy cch v tnh trng ca s cch in, s lng bt cch in trong chui sau
khi lp t. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn ph hp bng
cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
7. Kim tra khong vt, gc ngang v cao nh nht so vi mt t
Kim tra khong vt, gc nm ngang v cao nh nht thc t so vi mt t sau khi
hon thnh vic cng dy. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn
ph hp bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
iu 174. Kim tra ng cp ngm
1. Kim tra hp ni cp, hp u cp
Kim tra in tr cch in, cc ch lp t hp ni cp, hp u cp, v.v. sau khi
hon thnh cng vic lp t. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn
ph hp bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
2. Kim tra ng pha
Kim tra ng pha c thc hin khi hon thnh cng trnh xy dng cp. C quan ch
qun cng trnh phi xc nh cc mc trn ph hp bng cch kim tra trc quan v
o lng.
3. Ni t
Kim tra cc v kim loi v b bo v ca cp ngm c ni t ng quy cch.
4. Cc iu kin ca cc gi cp
Kim tra gi cp t cc yu cu k thut v thi cng. C quan ch qun cng trnh
phi xc nh s ph hp cc mc trn bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
5. Lp t cp
Kim tra tnh trng ca cp, sc cng cp, tc ng ngoi lc v bn knh cong cho
74

php, v.v. sau khi hon thnh lp t cp. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh s
ph hp cc mc trn bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
6. in tr cch in v cp
Kim tra in tr cch in gia v cp v t bo m khng c s bt thng trong
lp cch in ny. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh s ph hp cc mc
trn bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
7. un cong ca cp
Kim tra cc nhp v khong un cong, v tr v s lng cc m hm, v.v. sau khi lp
t. C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh s ph hp cc mc trn bng cch
kim tra trc quan v o lng.
8. Cc im ni t
i vi nhng on cp ngn dng loi cp mt li, mt u v cp c ni t ngn
chn cc dng in vng do cm ng in t. Phi kim tra vic ni t ph hp theo
cc yu cu ca thit k.
9. Khong trng cch ly cc cp vi cc cng trnh khc
Kim tra khong cch ly gia cp lp t vi cc cng trnh khc nh (chiu sng, h p,
cao p, ng ng ga, v.v.). C quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh s ph hp cc
mc trn bng cch kim tra trc quan v o lng.
10. Th nghim cp ngm
Sau khi hon thnh lp t cp ngm v lp t hp u cp phi th nghim chu ng
in p mt chiu, in p xoay chiu tn s cng nghip ph hp vi in p ca cp v
o dng r kim tra bn in mi ca cp ngm.

Mc 1.10-4. Kim tra khi lp t thit b ca TBA

iu 175. Kim tra my bin p lc
1. Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra my bin p c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du, nt v,
lng c vt ti cc b phn, v.v.
2. Kim tra bng o lng
C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca my bin p xc
nh s ph hp cc yu cu k thut bng cch kim tra o lng:
a) o tnh trng cch in
- o in tr cch in ca cc cun dy;
- o in tr cch in mch nh th;
- o tn hao in mi cun dy cho my bin p c in p t 110 kV tr ln v my bin
p in p 35kV c cng sut t 10000 kVA tr ln;
- o tn hao in mi s u vo my bin p c in p t 110kV tr ln;
- Kim tra tnh trng cch in ca du cch in my bin p.
b) o t s bin i cho mi nc phn p ca my bin p;
c) Kim tra t u dy ca my bin p;
d) o in tr cun dy ca my bin p;
) o dng in v tn hao khng ti;
e) Kim tra b iu p di ti ( OLTC), kim tra chu trnh lm vic, o lng cc thng
s, v.v. ca b iu p di ti;
f) Kim tra bin dng in chn s my bin p ph hp vi cc hng mc kim tra quy
nh ca quy trnh vn hnh;
g) Kim tra h thng lm mt v h thng ph tr nh: bm, qut gi, v.v.
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iu 176. Kim tra my bin in p (VT)

1. Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra my bin in p c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du,
nt v, v.v.
2. Kim tra bng o lng
C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca my bin in p
xc nh s ph hp cc yu cu k thut bng cch kim tra o lng:
a) Kim tra tnh trng cch in:
- o in tr cch in ca cc cun dy;
- o in tr cch in mch nh th;
- o tn hao in mi cun dy cho my bin in p kiu t (CVT) c in p t 110 kV
tr ln;
b) o t s bin i cho mi u ra cun dy th cp;
c) Kim tra cc tnh ca cc cun dy th cp;
d) o in tr cc cun dy th cp;
) o dng in khng ti v tn hao khng ti ca cc cun dy th cp;
e) Kim tra tnh trng cch in ca du cch in my bin in p.
iu 177. Kim tra my bin dng in (CT)
1. Kim tra bng mt:
Kim tra my bin dng in c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du,
nt v, v.v.
2. Kim tra bng o lng
C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca my bin dng in
xc nh s ph hp cc yu cu k thut bng cch kim tra o lng:
a) Kim tra tnh trng cch in:
- o in tr cch in ca cc cun;
- o in tr cch in mch nh th;
- o tn hao in mi cun dy cho my bin dng in c in p t 110 kV tr ln;
- Kim tra tnh trng cch in ca du cch in my bin dng in;
b) o in tr cun dy th cp;
c) o t s bin i cc cun dy th cp;
d) Kim tra cc tnh ca cc cun dy th cp;
) Kim tra c tnh t ha ca my bin dng in.
iu 178. Kim tra h thng cch in kh (GIS)
Quy nh c th qu trnh kim tra ti hin trng khi lp t GIS (GIS y khng bao
gm GCB-my ct khng kh).
1. Kim tra bng mt:
Kim tra GIS c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du, kh, nt v,
lng c ti cc b phn, v.v.
2. Kim tra bng o lng
C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca GIS xc nh s
ph hp cc yu cu k thut bng cch kim tra o lng:
a) o in tr cch in ca mch s cp v ca cc mch iu khin;
b) o in tr tip xc tip im bng dng in mt chiu;
c) Kim tra thit b d mt kh
o v kim tra cc mc p lc sau y theo thng s k thut ca nh ch to:
- p sut kh SF6 khi my d khi ng bo tn hiu;
76

- p sut kh SF6 khi bo tn hiu v kho thao tc c gii tr li;

d) Kim tra kn v cht lng kh:
- Kim tra r kh SF6 sau t nht 24 gi k t khi kh c np vo GIS;
- Kh np trong GIS phi c phn tch sau t nht mt ngy k t khi np y kh;
- Phi o, kim tra m kh SF6 i vi tng ngn kh bo m thng s k thut ca
nh ch to.
) Kim tra thao tc vn hnh ng v m dao cch ly;
e) Kim tra cc thit b chng st ph hp theo cc mc theo quy nh;
f) Kim tra bin in p (VT) ph hp theo cc mc c quy nh trong iu 176;
g) Kim tra bin dng in (CT) theo cc mc c quy nh trong iu 177;
h) Kim tra trnh t hot ng v kha lin ng cc bng iu khin GIS:
- Kim tra trnh t hot ng ca bng iu khin GIS bo m cc mch iu khin
ph hp vi s thit k;
- Kim tra ring bit kha lin ng i vi GIS bo m cc kha lin ng in v c
kh ph hp vi cc thng s trong h s k thut.
i) Kim tra pha i vi tng u ra ca GIS bo m s kt ni mch s cp ph hp
vi thit k v ng v pha vi li in c ni ti;
k) Th nghim chu ng in p xc nh thit b c bn in mi ph hp.
iu 179. Kim tra my ct in chn khng (VCB)
1. Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra VCB c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du, nt v, lng
c ti cc b phn, v.v.
2. Kim tra bng o lng
C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca VCB xc nh s
ph hp cc yu cu k thut bng cch kim tra o lng:
a) o in tr cch in ca mch s cp v ca cc mch iu khin;
b) o in tr tip xc tip im bng dng in mt chiu;
c) Kim tra thao tc vn hnh ng v m;
d) Kim tra o lng cc c tnh ng v m nh thi gian ng m tip im, in p
lm vic cc tiu, nh gi chu trnh lm vic, v.v.;
) Kim tra thng cha du hoc kh thao tc i vi VCB truyn ng bng du p lc
hoc kh nn;
e) Kim tra h thng lin ng i vi VCB truyn ng bng cht kh xc nhn VCB
khng th ng hoc m khi p sut kh thao tc thp hn mc quy nh;
f) Kim tra vn hnh ca van an ton i vi VCB truyn ng bng du hoc kh nn
bo m l van an ton s hot ng khi p sut du hoc kh sinh ra trong thng vt
qu p sut cc i cho php;
g) Kim tra bin dng in chn s (CT) theo cc mc c quy nh trong iu 177.
iu 180. Kim tra my ct du (OCB)
1. Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra my OCB c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du, nt v,
lng c ti cc b phn, v.v.
2. Kim tra bng o lng
C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca OCB xc nh s
ph hp cc yu cu k thut bng cch kim tra o lng:
a) o in tr cch in ca mch s cp v ca cc mch iu khin;
77

b) o in tr tip xc tip im bng dng in mt chiu;

c) Kim tra thao tc vn hnh ng v m;
d) Kim tra cc c tnh ng v m nh thi gian ng m tip im, in p lm vic
cc tiu, nh gi chu trnh lm vic, v.v.;
) Kim tra du cch in trc khi v sau khi np vo OCB;
e) Kim tra thng cha kh nn thao tc i vi OCB truyn ng bng kh nn;
f) Kim tra h thng lin ng i vi OCB truyn ng bng kh nn xc nhn OCB
khng th ng hoc m khi p sut kh thao tc thp hn mc quy nh;
g) Kim tra vn hnh ca van an ton i vi OCB truyn ng bng kh nn. H thng
van an ton phi c kim tra bo m l van an ton s hot ng khi p sut du
hoc kh sinh ra trong thng vt qu p sut cc i cho php;
h) Kim tra bin dng in chn s (CT) theo cc mc c quy nh trong iu 177.
iu 181. Kim tra dao cch ly
1. Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra dao cch ly c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: nt v, lng c
ti cc b phn, v.v.
2. Kim tra bng o lng
C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca dao cch ly xc
nh s ph hp cc yu cu k thut bng cch kim tra o lng:
a) o in tr cch in ca mch s cp v cc mch iu khin;
b) o in tr tip xc tip im bng dng in mt chiu;
c) Kim tra vn hnh ng v m:
- Kim tra thao tc ng v m bng tay: Kim tra chc chn rng khng c s bt bnh
thng no trong dao cch ly bng cch ng v m 3 ln bng tay hoc thao tc nt
bm ti ch;
- Kim tra thao tc ng v m t xa: Kim tra chc chn rng khng c s bt bnh
thng no trong dao cch ly bng cch ng v m 3 ln ti in p (p sut) nh mc
bng iu khin t xa;
d) Kim tra h thng lin ng gia dao chnh v dao ni t ca dao cch ly.
iu 182. Kim tra t hp b
1. Kim tra bng mt.
Kim tra t hp b c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du, nt v,
lng c ti cc b phn, v.v.
2. Kim tra bng o lng
C quan ch qun cng trnh phi kim tra tnh trng lm vic ca t hp b xc nh
s ph hp cc yu cu k thut bng cch kim tra o lng:
a) o in tr cch in ca mch dn in chnh (thanh ci, mi ni thit b in) v cc
mch iu khin;
b) Kim tra trnh t lin ng v kha lin ng ca t bng phn phi:
- Kim tra trnh t lin ng ca cc bng mch iu khin t phn phi ph hp vi s
thit k;
- Kim tra kha lin ng bng mch iu khin ca t phn phi bo m cc kha lin
ng in v c kh ph hp vi cc yu cu trong h s k thut;
c) Kim tra pha ca t phn phi bo m s kt ni mch s cp c ni ph hp
vi s thit k.

78

iu 183. Kim tra h thng t b cng sut

1. Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra b cng sut c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du, nt
v, lng c ti cc b phn, v.v.
2. Kim tra tnh trng cch in ca t b cng sut:
- o in tr cch in mch s cp;
- o in tr cch in mch nh th;
- o tn hao in mi, ch p dng cho t c in p t 110kV tr ln.
3. o dung lng t b cng sut.
4.Kim tra trnh t hot ng cc mch iu khin (nh mch cnh bo) bo m tun
theo yu cu thit k.
iu 184. Kim tra thit b chng st
1. Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra chng st c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: nt v, lng c ti
cc b phn, v.v.
2. o tnh trng cch in ca chng st.
3. o dng in r ca chng st.
iu 185. Kim tra h thng c quy
1. Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra h thng sc quy c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r in
cc, nt v in cc, v.v.
2. o in p ca mi phn t c quy;
3. Kim tra np cn bng hiu chnh in p khng cn bng v t trng dung dch v
ng nht cc lp trn v lp di ca cht in phn. Th tc kim tra cn tun theo
cc yu cu k thut ca nh sn xut.
4. o t trng cho c quy axt ch. Phi o t trng ring ca mi phn t c quy.
iu 186. Kim tra thit b r le bo v v iu khin
1. Kim tra n chic
i vi cc ng h o v r le bo v phi thc hin cc kim tra chc nng v c tnh,
kim tra tr s chnh nh r le bo v. Khi thc hin kim tra n chic, phi tch bit cc
mch ng ct ca r le bo v, mch my bin dng in v mch my bin in p.
- Kim tra sai s ng h o;
- Kim tra tr s tc ng r le bo v;
- Kim tra c tnh in p v dng in;
- Kim tra c tnh gc pha;
- o thi gian tc ng.
2. Kim tra mch mt chiu
- Kim tra trnh t tc ng trong mch mt chiu;
- o in tr cch in;
- o ti.
3. Kim tra mch xoay chiu
- Kim tra mch th cp;
- Kim tra mch xoay chiu (Th nghim m phng).
4. Kim tra tng thch
i vi cc thit b c lp t ti nhiu trm bin p c lin kt thng tin vi nhau, phi
thc hin th nghim kim tra vn hnh tng hp k c knh truyn thng tin.
79

5. Kim tra mch tng hp

- o in tr cch in;
- Kim tra thao tc ng v m;
- Kim tra kha lin ng;
- Kim tra thit b r le bo v v tn hiu cnh bo.
6. Th nghim tng hp mch my bin in p
- o in tr cch in;
- Kim tra cc tnh;
- Kim tra t s bin i;
- o ti;
- Kim tra s lm vic ng thi.
7.Kim tra tng hp mch my bin dng in
- o in tr cch in;
- Kim tra cc tnh;
- Kim tra t s bin i;
- o ti;
- Kim tra u ni.

Mc 1.10-5. Kim tra hon thnh

iu 187. Quy nh chung
Khi hon thnh cng vic lp t phi tin hnh kim tra xc nh cht lng tng hp
ca cng trnh trc khi bt u vn hnh trong iu kin mi thit b c kt ni trong
ton b h thng. Vic kim tra phi thc hin ring bit vi TBA, DK v cp ngm. C
quan ch qun cng trnh phi gim st vic kim tra.
iu 188. Kim tra DK
1. o in tr cch in
Kim tra bo m ng dy c cch in tt bng cch o in tr cch in ca
pha vi t v pha vi pha. in tr cch in phi c gi tr ph hp.
2. Kim tra pha
Kim tra th t v ng v pha ca ng dy.
3. Kim tra bng in p lm vic tn s cng nghip
Kim tra bn cch in ca ng dy bng cch t in p lm vic thng thng
trong thi gian 10 pht.
iu 189. Kim tra ng cp ngm
1. Kim tra bng mt cng trnh xy dng c hon thnh tun theo ng cc yu cu
k thut v cc quy chun k thut.
2. o in tr cch in phi c gi tr ph hp.
3. Kim tra pha
Kim tra theo cc th tc c m t trong Khon 2 iu 174.
iu 190. Kim tra thit b TBA
1. Kim tra bng mt
- Kim tra trng thi lp t ca thit b c th to ra h quang in
Khong cch an ton gia cc thit b c th pht sinh h quang in nh my ct, dao
cch ly vi cc vt d bt la. Khong cch an ton cc phn c mang in (ngoi tr
thit b kn c v ni t, v d GIS), phn c mang in gm c s cch in
khng c bao quanh bng ro chn. Khong cch cch in gia phn mang in vi
80

hng ro, tng phi c kim sot v phi bo m cc khong cch ph hp;
- Kim tra hng ro, tng chn
Kim tra hng ro, tng bao quanh trm bin p c trang b kho ngn nga
nhng ngi khng c thm quyn xm phm trm bin p d dng. Chiu cao ca hng
ro, tng xung quanh trm phi c kim tra khng thp hn 2,0m tnh t chn. Cc
khong cch cch in gia phn mang in vi hng ro, tng phi c kim sot v
phi bo m cc gi tr ph hp.
2. o in tr ni t bo m c gi tr ph hp yu cu k thut.
3.Kim tra h thng gim st v iu khin
- Kim tra ng m
Kim tra thao tc my ct, dao cch ly t phng iu khin, bo m mi thit b lm vic
thch hp vi nhng tn hiu ch th trong phng iu khin thay i tng ng. Ngoi ra,
cn kim tra b phn ch th chuyn mch ca cc thit b c lm vic ng hay khng;
- Kim tra b iu chnh in p di ti my bin p;
Kim tra lnh thay i iu chnh nc t phng iu khin ti b iu chnh in p di
ti ca my bin p c thay i nc tng ng vi lnh a ra hay khng;
- Kim tra thit b bo v, kim tra ch th bo tn hiu
Kch hot cng bc r le vi mi thit b bo v hay thit b bo tn hiu v kim tra hot
ng ca cc thit b c lin quan c ng nh s thit k trong phng iu khin;
- Kim tra mang ti thc cho r le bo v v thit b iu khin
Khi kim tra cui cng, bng in p v dng in ca h thng in thc, cn tin hnh
cc th nghim sau y:
Kim tra in p v th t pha;
o in p, dng in v gc pha;
Kim tra hng;
o dng in v in p d;
Kim tra dng in khng cn bng ca mch so lch.
4. Kim tra kha lin ng
Kim tra kho lin ng gia my ct v dao cch ly lin quan bo m rng i
tng ca kha lin ng hot ng ng nh m t trong c tnh k thut ca nh sn
xut v yu cu thit k.
5. o n v rung
Kim tra mc n v rung vng bin ngoi khu vc trm bin p, gi tr o c
khng vt qu cc gi tr cho php theo quy nh hin hnh.

Mc 1.10-6. Kim tra nh k

iu 191. Quy nh chung
Vic kim tra phi c thc hin nh k bng mt v o lng theo quy nh, duy tr
s lm vic bnh thng ng thi ngn chn cc s c c th xy ra vi li in.
iu 192. Tn sut kim tra nh k
Tn sut kim tra phi c n nh theo quyt nh ca ngi c trch nhim qun l
thit b. Chu k kim tra nh k do c quan qun l cng trnh quyt nh sau khi xem xt
cc yu t s c, tui th ca thit b, v.v.
iu 193. Kim tra nh k DK
Kim tra nh k DK pht hin tnh trng bt thng nh: xm phm hnh lang an
ton, s n mn, thay i hnh dng, rn nt, lng c bt, v.v.
81

iu 194. Kim tra nh k ng cp ngm

Kim tra nh k ng cp ngm pht hin tnh trng bt thng nh xm phm
hnh lang an ton, thay i hnh dng, n mn, phn c nh b lng, v.v. i vi cp, hp
ni cp, hp u cp.
iu 195. Kim tra nh k thit b TBA
1. Kim tra nh k MBA
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra my bin p c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du, nt v,
lng c ti cc b phn, v.v.;
b) Kim tra tnh trng cch in tng ng im a Khon 2 iu 175;
c) o t s bin i ca my bin p tong ng im b Khon 2 iu 175;
d) o in tr cun dy
in tr cun dy ca my bin p kim tra tng ng im d Khon 2 iu 175;
) Kim tra tnh trng cch in ca du my bin p khng nh cc tnh nng du
ph hp vi quy nh;
e) o dng in v tn hao khng ti ca MBA tng ng im Khon 2 iu 175;
f) Phn tch kh ho tan
Mc ch ca phn tch ny l nhm chun on nhng bt thng ca my bin p
bng cch phn tch loi v hm lng kh b ho tan trong du cch in. Hng mc ny
ch p dng cho my bin p c in p t 110kV tr ln;
g) Kim tra b iu p di ti (OLTC)
Kim tra b truyn ng c kh, th nghim cch in ca du, v.v. ca b iu p di
ti bo m cc gi tr o ph hp vi quy nh;
h) Kim tra bin dng in chn s tng ng quy nh trong im f Khon 2 iu 175;
i) Kim tra h thng lm mt v h thng ph tr nh: bm, qut gi, h thng bo v,
v.v. tong ng im g Khon 2 iu 175.
2. Kim tra nh k my bin in p (VT)
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra my bin in p c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du,
nt v, lng c ti cc b phn, v.v.;
b) o tnh trng cch in ca my bin in p tng ng im a Khon 2 iu 176;
c) o t s bin i ca my bin in p tng ng im b Khon 2 iu 176;
d) Kim tra cc tnh ca my bin in p tng ng im c Khon 2 iu 176;
) o in tr 1 chiu ca my bin in p tng ng im d Khon 2 iu 176;
e) Kim tra tnh trng cch in ca du cch in my bin in p trong vn hnh. C
quan ch qun cng trnh phi xc nh c tnh du cch in ph hp yu cu k thut
thng qua quan st v o lng.
3. Kim tra nh k my bin dng in (CT)
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra my bin dng in c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du,
nt v, lng c ti cc b phn, v.v.;
b) o tnh trng cch in
Kim tra tnh trng cch in ca CT tng ng im a Khon 2 iu 177;
c) o in tr cch in cun dy tng ng im b Khon 2 iu 177;
d) o t s bin i ca cun dy CT tng ng im c Khon 2 iu 177;
82

) Kim tra cc tnh ca my bin dng in tng ng im d Khon 2 iu 177;

e) Kim tra tnh trng cch in ca du cch in my bin dng in xc nh c
tnh du cch in ph hp yu cu k thut.
4. Kim tra nh k GIS
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra GIS c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r kh, nt v, lng c
ti cc b phn, v.v.;
b) o in tr cch in ca GIS tng ng im a Khon 2 iu 178;
c) o in tr tip xc ca tip im GIS bng dng in mt chiu tong ng im b
Khon 2 iu 178;
d) o v phn tch kh phn r trong kh SF6 xc nh gi tr o c ph hp vi quy
nh. Tiu chun nh gi kh thng qua m v kh phn r nh SO v HF;
) Kim tra vn hnh ng v m dao cch ly tng ng im c Khon 2 iu 178;
e) Kim tra cc thit b chng st tng ng vi in p s dng;
f) Kim tra bin in p (VT) tng ng iu 176;
g) Kim tra bin dng in (CT) tng ng iu 177.
5. Kim tra nh k VCB
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra VCB c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r kh, nt v, lng c
ti cc b phn, v.v.;
b) o in tr cch in tng ng vi im a Khon 2 iu 179;
c) o in tr tip xc bng dng in 1 chiu tng ng vi im b Khon 2 iu 179;
d) Kim tra thao tc ng v m tng ng vi im c Khon 2 iu 179;
) o c tnh ng v m tng ng vi im d Khon 2 iu 179;
e) Kim tra chu ng in p ca bung chn khng, khng nh khng c bt thng
bung chn khng;
f) Kim tra bin dng in chn s tng ng vi im f Khon 2 iu 175.
6. Kim tra nh k OCB
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra OCB c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: r r du, nt v, lng
c ti cc b phn, v.v.;
b) o in tr cch in tng ng vi im a Khon 2 iu 180;
c) o in tr tip xc bng dng in 1 chiu tng ng vi im b Khon 2 iu 180;
d) Kim tra thao tc ng v m tng ng vi im c Khon 2 iu 180;
) o c tnh ng v m tng ng vi im d Khon 2 iu 180;
e) Kim tra du cch in khng nh cc tnh nng du ph hp vi quy nh.
f) Kim tra bin dng in chn s tng ng vi im f Khon 2 iu 175.
7. Kim tra nh k dao cch ly (DCL)
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra DCL c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: nt v, lng c ti cc
b phn, v.v.;
b) o in tr cch in
Kim tra in tr cch in ca DCL tng ng vi im a Khon 2 iu 181;
c) o in tr tip xc tip im ca DCL bng dng in mt chiu tng ng vi im
b Khon 2 iu 181;
83

d) Kim tra thao tc ng v m tng ng vi im c Khon 2 iu 181.

8. Kim tra nh k t in hp b
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra t hp b c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: nt v, lng c ti
cc b phn, v.v.;
b) o in tr cch in ca t hp b tng ng vi im a Khon 2 iu 182;
c) Kim tra trnh t lin ng v kha lin ng ca t hp b tng ng vi im b
Khon 2 iu 182.
9. Kim tra nh k t b cng sut.
a) Kim tra bng mt
Kim tra h t c hoc khng c cc hin tng bt thng nh: nt v, lng c ti cc
b phn, v.v.;
b) o in tr cch in
Kim tra in tr cch in ca t phi tng ng vi Khon 2 iu 183;
c) o kh nng b ca t tong ng vi Khon 3 iu 183.
10. Kim tra nh k chng st van tng ng vi iu 184.
11. Kim tra nh k h thng c quy tng ng vi iu 185.
12. Kim tra nh k thit b r le bo v v iu khin
Kim tra cc r le bo v v thit b iu khin cn thc hin cc th nghim nu di
y tng ng vi iu 186.
a) Kim tra n chic
- Kim tra tr s tc ng r le bo v;
- Kim tra c tnh in p v dng in;
- Kim tra c tnh gc pha;
- o thi gian tc ng.
b) Kim tra mch mt chiu
o in tr cch in.
c) Kim tra mch xoay chiu
- Kim tra mch th cp;
- Kim tra mch o lng v r le;
- o in tr cch in;
- Kim tra mch xoay chiu (Th nghim m phng);
- Kim tra m phng s c.
d) Kim tra tng hp
Kim tra tng hp s hot ng ca r le v cc tn hiu cnh bo.
13. Kim tra nh k h thng o m
Yu cu nh nht tn sut kim tra nh k h thng o m nh sau:
a) Cng t 1-pha: 60 thng;
b) Cng t 3-pha: 24 thng;
c) CT, VT: 60 thng

84

PHN 2
YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN
CHNG 2.1. YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN BNG CP IN P
N 500KV
iu 196. Yu cu chung
1. ng cp in p n 35kV c thit k v lp t theo cc quy nh trong Quy
chun k thut ny.
2. ng cp in in p 110kV, 220kV v 500kV c thit k v lp t theo phng
thc quy nh trong Quy chun k thut ny, cc ch tiu k thut ca cp c xc nh
cho tng cng trnh c th, cc yu cu lp t chi tit thc hin theo yu cu ca loi cp
c cung cp v yu cu ca c quan thit k.
3. Thit k v xy dng ng cp phi da trn c s tnh ton kinh t - k thut c tnh
n s pht trin ca li in, tm quan trng ca ng cp, c im ca tuyn,
phng thc t cp, cu to ca cp v hng dn ca nh ch to cp.
trnh cho ng cp khi b h hng v b cc lc c hc nguy him trong qu trnh
lp t v vn hnh, phi thc hin cc gii php lp t cho cc cp ph hp vi iu
kin mi trng.
iu 197. Yu cu i vi la chn v phn bit cp
1. Cp in phi c la chn ph hp vi nhu cu ti in, v tr lp t v iu kin mi
trng.
2. i vi ng cp trong li in 3 pha cho php dng cp 1 rut cho tng pha.
3. S dng m mu cho cc dy bc v cp h p trong cc mch iu khin, mch in
xoay chiu, mch in mt chiu, v.v. d phn bit v trnh nhm ln khi lp t v x
l mch.
M mu ca dy bc v cp xem Ph lc 2.1-1
iu 198. La chn tit din cp
1. i vi cp in in p n 1kV, tit din dy dn c la chn theo pht nng cho
php v st p cho php.
2. i vi cp trn 1kV c la chn theo mt dng in kinh t, dng in lu di
cho php v c hiu chnh theo cch lp t, v tr lp t, iu kin mi trng v h
s ng thi.
3. Dng in ngn mch cho php ca cp theo nhit vn hnh v nhit ngn
mch bo m cho cp khng b ph hy trong ch xc lp.
4. Dng in lu di cho php ca cp in p n 35kV theo quy nh trong Quy chun
k thut ny, dng in lu di cho php ca cp in p t 110kV tr ln theo yu cu
ca tng cng trnh v quy nh ca nh ch to cp.
in tr 1 chiu ca li dy dn in xem Ph lc 2.1-2.
Chi tit dng in lu di cho php ca cp in p n 35kV xem Ph lc 2.1-3.
iu 199. Yu cu i vi cc iu kin mi trng khc nhau
Tuyn cp di c lp trong nhng khu vc c iu kin mi trng lp t khc nhau
th phi chn tit din v kt cu ca cp tng ng vi mi on.
Chiu di ca on tuyn i qua ngn hn chiu di ch to ca cp, nu c iu kin
mi trng lp t khc nhau th phi la chn kt cu v tit din cp theo on tuyn
85

c iu kin khc nghit nht.

iu 200. Yu cu i vi c tnh k thut v v tr lp t
1. c tnh k thut
- Cp t trc tip trong t hoc trong nc phi l cp c lp bo v chu va p c
hc;
- Cp t trong hm cp, tng cp, mng cp, mng cp, ging cp phi l cp c v
bc bng vt liu kh chy;
- Cp t trong khi cp v ng cp phi dng loi c v bc kim loi tng cng
chng st khi ko cp. i vi ng cp t trong on khi cp v ng cp ngn, cho
php dng loi cp khng c v bc kim loi tng cng;
- Cp t trong nh my in, trm bin p, xng sn xut, ni c nhiu nguy c h
hng do c hc phi dng loi cp bc ai thp, ni t nguy c h hng do c hc nn
dng loi cp khng c ai thp nhng phi c lp bc ngoi cng bng vt liu kh chy;
- Dng in lu di ca cp c iu chnh theo v tr lp t.
H s iu chnh dng in lu di cho php theo v tr lp t xem Ph lc 2.1-4.
Chi tit tnh ton dng ngn mch cho php ca cp xem Ph lc 2.1-5.
2. Cp lp t trong gian cng nghip
Trong gian cng nghip, cn b tr h dn in c cp bo v IP00 (dy trn) cao
ln hn 3,5m so vi sn nh hoc sn lm vic, cn i vi h dn in c cp bo v
IP31, cao ny phi ln hn 2,5m.
Khng quy nh cao lp t i vi h dn in c cp bo v IP20 tr ln vi cc
thanh dn cch in, cng nh i vi h dn in c cp bo v IP40 tr ln. Cng
khng quy nh cao lp t h dn in cc kiu vi in p ti 42V xoay chiu v ti
110V mt chiu.
Chi tit m IP xem Ph lc 2.1-6.
3. Cp lp t trong gian kh v m
Khi cc dy bc v cp i xuyn qua gia cc gian kh vi nhau hoc gian m vi nhau,
cho php t tt c cc dy dn trong cng mt ng cch in.
Dy bc v cp i xuyn t gian kh sang gian rt m hoc t mt gian i ra bn ngoi,
mi dy dn phi c t trong ng cch in ring. Khi i xuyn t gian kh hoc m
sang gian rt m hoc khi i xuyn ra bn ngoi ta nh, mi ni dy dn phi thc hin
trong gian kh hoc t m hn.
iu 201. Bo v khi dng in lc mch
Nu trn ng cp xut hin dng in lc mch c tr s gy nguy him, phi c bin
php bo v nh sau:
- Thay i tuyn cp i trnh vng nguy him ;
- Trng hp khng th thay i tuyn cp, phi c bin php gim ti a dng in lc
mch hoc s dng v cp c chng n mn cao hoc c bin php ni t v cp ph
hp.
iu 202. Thng gi v chiu sng
a) Hm cp, tng cp, bung cp, hnh lang cp phi trang b thng gi t nhin hoc
nhn to v vic thng gi i vi tng ngn phi c lp vi nhau;
b) Hm cp, tng cp, bung cp, hnh lang cp phi trang b h thng chiu sng c
cp in t 2 ngun, cc bng n c b tr xen k n 2 ngun v cm in dng
cho n v thit b cm tay.
86

iu 203. Phng chng chy n

1. Phi trang b thit b v phng tin phng chng chy n trong cng trnh cp theo quy
nh ca c quan qun l phng chng chy;
2. Gn li ra, ca thot v cc ging thng gi (trong vng bn knh khng qu 25m) trong
nh my nhit in phi t cc hng nc cu ho. i vi cu cp, hnh lang cp phi
tnh ton sao cho tt c cc im c khong cch khng qu 100m n hng nc cu
ho gn nht.
3. i vi t hp ng cp ca nh my in cng sut t 25MW tr ln, thit b phn
phi v trm bin p c in p 220-500kV, cng nh i vi cc thit b phn phi v trm
bin p c nhim v c bit phi thc hin yu cu:
a) i vi s u dy chnh, s t dng v s thao tc iu khin, cc loi thit
b v t hp cp ca nh my in hoc trm bin p phi lp t sao cho khi c ho hon
bn trong hay ngoi t hp cp th mt s t my ca nh my in vn hot ng bnh
thng, khng lm gin on vic ni d phng ca cc thit b phn phi v trm bin p
cng nh h thng cnh bo v cha chy;
b) i vi cc ng cp in:
- nhng v tr ng cp in ni thit b ng ct ngoi tri vo phng iu khin hoc
u ni vi cc t bng iu khin v bo v tai ch phi c cc vch ngn c mc chu la
khng nh hn 0,75 gi;
- nhng ni cp i qua tng ngn hoc mi che phi c cc vch ngn bng vt liu
kh chy, d khoan c v c mc chu la khng nh hn 0,75 gi, thun tin cho vic
thay th, t thm cp;
- Trong nh my in, cho php cng trnh cp c mc chu la l 0,25 gi trong khu vc
ca t my pht in, nhng phi ngn cch vi cc thit b cng ngh c th l ngun
pht sinh chy (thng cha du, trm cha du, v.v.) bng cc tm che c mc chu la
khng nh hn 0,75 gi;
- Tng cp, hm cp dng t cc loi cp ca cc t my khc nhau, k c tng cp v
hm cp pha di t bng iu khin ca cc t my phi phn chia theo tng t my v
ngn cch ring cc phng khc nhau vo tng cp, hm cp, ging cp, hp cp,
mng cp v cc im cp i qua bng vch ngn, tm che c mc chu la khng nh
hn 0,75 gi;
- T hp cp ca nh my in cn ngn cch vi hm cp ca mng li cp i ra t
nh my v thanh gp bng cc tm ngn chng chy c mc chu la khng nh hn
0,75 gi;
- Cc tng cp, hm cp, hnh lang cp, cu cp v ging cp phi phn cch vi cc
phng khc v cc cng trnh cp bn cnh bng vch ngn chng chy vi mc chu la
khng t hn 0,75 gi;
- Ging cp di cn ngn cch tng ngn khng di qu 20m bng cc vch ngn chng
chy c mc chu la khng t hn 0,75 gi. Cc ging cp phi c trang b li vo v
thang hoc mc ngi c th ln xung;
- Ca ra vo cng trnh cp v tng ngn ca cc thit b in in p 220-500kV phi c
mc chu la 0,75 gi v 0,6 gi trong cc thit b in cn li;
- Nhng tng cp, hnh lang cp ngoi tri v cc kt cu xy dng chu lc (ct, cng
son) b tng ct thp c mc chu la khng nh hn 0,75 gi hoc bng thp c mc
chu la khng nh hn 0,25 gi.
iu 204. ng cp d phng
Cc ng cp d phng phi c lp t sao cho khi xy ra ha hon, chng khng b
87

hng cng mt lc. V vy cc t hp cp phi chia thnh cc phn nhm nh v cch ly

chng vi nhau. Vic phn chia thnh cc nhm tu thuc iu kin ca tng cng trnh.
iu 205. Lp t dy trung tnh
Trong li in 3-pha-4-dy phi dng cp 4 rut, khng c lp t ring r dy trung
tnh vi cc dy pha.
Trong li in xoay chiu in p n 1kV 3-pha-4-dy c trung tnh ni t, cho php
dng cp 3 rut c v bc nhm v dng v nhm lm dy trung tnh ni t, tr cc
trng hp sau y:
a) t nhng ni c mi trng d n (trong nh cng nh ngoi tri);
b) t nhng ni m trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, dng in trong dy trung
tnh vt qu 75% dng in cho php ca dy pha.
iu 206. Lp t cp
1. Phng thc lp t cp
- Cp phi c d phng theo chiu di c th co gin c khi t b dch chuyn
hoc bin dng do nhit ca bn thn cp cng nh kt cu t cp. Cm d phng
cp theo kiu khoanh vng;
- Cp t nm ngang trn cc kt cu, tng x, phi c c nh cht im cui, c
hai pha ca on cp un v ti hp ni;
- Cp t thng ng theo cc kt cu, theo tng phi c kp, gia c sao cho khng
b bin dng v bc, khng lm hng cp v ch ni do tc ng ca trng lng bn thn
cp;
- Kt cu cp bng thp cn phi trnh h hng c hc cho v cp, ti cc im t
cp nn c m lt mm;
- Cc loi cp (k c cp bc thp) t nhng ch t qua li, chuyn ch my mc,
hng ha, ngi qua li v.v. phi c bo v chng va chm;
- Khi t cp mi bn cnh cp ang vn hnh phi c bin php khng lm hng cp
ang vn hnh;
- Cp t ngoi tri vo trong nh phi c bin php ngn khng cho nc hoc sinh vt
(chut, rn, v.v.) theo ng cp vo nh, vo hm;
- Cm t cp giao cho nhau di nc (tr cp vt bin);
- Phi bo m khong cch ca cp n ngun nhit trnh lm cp nng qu mc
cho php, phi c bin php bo v cp khng cht nng bn vo ch t cc hp ni;
- Cp lc in p n 1kV v cp kim tra nn t pha trn cp c in p cao hn;
- Cp lc in p thp nn t pha trn cp c in p cao hn;
- Cp un cong phi c bn knh un cong theo loi cp s dng.
Bn knh un cong cho php ca cp xem Ph lc 2.1-7
2. Lp t cp lc n 35kV
a) Trong mt ho cp khng t qu 6 si cp lc. Nu s lng si cp ln hn, nn t
trong cc ho ring cch nhau khng c nh hn 0,5m hoc trong cc mng cp,
hp cp, khi cp;
b) Khi s cp lc i cng tuyn nhiu hn 20 si cp nn t trong hm cp, mng cp,
cu cp, hnh lang cp;
c) t cp trong khi cp khi mt cp theo tuyn ln, ti cc im giao cho vi ng
st, ng t phi c bin php trnh kh nng gy t gy v cp, v.v.;
3. Lp t cp lc t 110kV tr ln theo quy nh ca c quan thit k v nh ch to cp.
4. Lp t cp trong khu vc ca nh my in
88

Cc ng cp c lp t trong hm cp, hp cp, mng cp, khi cp, sn kp, cu

cp, mng cp v hnh lang cp. Ch cho php lp t cp lc trong ho cp cng trnh
ph tr cch xa nh my (kho nhin liu, xng) vi s lng cp khng ln hn 6 v
trong khu vc nh my in c cng sut n 25MW.
5. Lp t cp trong khu vc x nghip cng nghip
Cc ng cp c lp t trong ho cp, hm cp, khi cp, mng cp, sn kp, cu
cp, hnh lang cp, mng cp v cc tng ca to nh.
6. Lp t cp trong cc trm bin p v trm ct
Cc ng cp c lp t trong mng cp, sn kp, ng cp, cu cp, hnh lang cp,
mng cp v ho cp.
7. Lp t cp trong khu ng dn c
Trong khu vc ng dn c c nhiu cng trnh ngm, nu s lng cp trong nhm l 10
hoc nhiu hn, nn t trong khi cp, ng cp v mng cp. Khi giao ct vi ng
ph, qung trng (c mt xe qua li cao) p lt, mt ng c ri hon
chnh, phi t cp trong khi cp hoc ng cp ( t sn).
8. Lp t cp bn trong ta nh
Bn trong to nh c th t cp trc tip theo cu trc ca nh (t h v t trong hp,
ng), trong mng cp, hm cp, ng cp di sn nh, di sn che, di mng ca
cc thit b v trong cc sn kp.
9. Lp t cp 1 pha
Cp 1 pha dng cho in xoay chiu, nu t trong ng th ng phi bng vt liu khng
t tnh. Mi pha ca ng cp phi t trong tng ng ring bit.
iu 207. Nhng ni khng cho php lp t cp
Khng cho php xy dng cng trnh cp nhng ni c th c kim loi nng chy, cht
lng c nhit cao chy vo cp hoc cc khu vc c ha cht c th lm h hng v
cp. Ti cc v tr cng khng cho php t ca ra vo ca bung cp, hm cp.
iu 208. Lp t hp ni cp v hp u cp
Hp ni cp v hp u cp phi bo m kt cu ph hp vi s lm vic ca cp v mi
trng xung quanh, phi bo m khng lt m v cht c hi vo trong cp v phi chu
c in p th nghim theo quy nh.
Khi lp t hp ni cp, khong cch t hp ni cp n cp gn nht phi ln hn hoc
bng 250mm hoc phi c cc bin php bo v an ton.
Hp ni cp khng c b tr trn cc tuyn nm nghing. Nu bt buc phi b tr, th
phi to mt on nm ngang b tr.
thay th mt hp ni cp b h hng, cn phi c b tr chiu di cp d tr trn c
hai bn ca hp ni cp.
Hp ni cp trong ging cp phi lp t b treo hm ton b hoc mt na .
Hp ni cp t trong ho cp phi c ph t mn hoc ct.
vng c cc phng tin giao thng chy in (h thng xe in ngm, tu in,
ng st) hoc vng t c hi n v kim loi ca cp v hp cp th hp cp phi b
tr d kim tra.
iu 209. Lp t ng cp, khi cp v mng cp
- S lng ngn trong khi cp, khong cch gia cc ngn v kch thc ca ngn phi
c la chn theo iu kin pht nhit;
- Mi khi cp phi c 15% ngn d phng nhng khng c nh hn mt ngn;
- Chiu su t ng v khi cp trong t phi ly theo tnh hnh thc t, nhng khng
89

c nh hn chiu su t cp theo quy nh;

- Khng quy nh chiu su t ng v khi cp nhng ch khng c ngi hoc
phng tin qua li hoc di nn nh sn xut;
- Khi cp v ng cp khi t phi c dc t nht l 0,2%;
- TBPP ngoi tri vng c mc nc ngm cao, cn dng phng php t cp ni
(trong mng hoc hp cp). Mng cp v tm y phi lm bng b tng ct thp. Cc
mng cp phi t trn tr b tng c nghing t nht 0,2% theo tuyn d thot
nc. Nu trn mng cp ni c cc l thot nc th khng cn to nghing.
iu 210. Yu cu i vi cng trnh cp
- Cng trnh cp phi c kh nng d tr thm khong 15% dnh cho mc ch lp t
thm cp;
- Cc cng trnh cp phi c bin php chng chy v phi c th tip cn d dng;
- Cc tng cp, hm cp, hnh lang cp, cu cp v ging cp phi phn cch vi cc
phng khc v cc cng trnh cp bn cnh bng vch ngn chng chy;
- Ging cp di cn ngn cch tng ngn khng di qu 20m bng cc vch ngn chng
chy;
- Hm cp di, tng cp di, hnh lang cp di phi chia thnh tng on, c ca ra vo
v ca thot him cch nhau khng qu 50m;
- Hnh lang cp ngoi tri c tng on c che kn khng cn theo quy nh nu trn;
- Ca vo cng trnh cp phi l loi t ng v c giong kn. Cc ca thot phi m ra
pha ngoi v phi m c t pha trong cng trnh cp m khng cn cha kha, ca
gia cc ngn m v pha li thot gn nht v phi t ng c;
- Cc cu cp, gi cp c sn k thut phi c li vo bng thang. Khong cch gia
cc li vo khng qu 50m. Khong cch t chn cu thang, gi cp n li vo khng
c qu 25m;
- Li ra t cng trnh cp phi b tr hng ra pha ngoi tri hoc ra phng c an ton
cao v phng chy cha chy. S lng v v tr cc li thot (cc ca thot) khi cng
trnh cp xc nh ti ch nhng t nht l 2. Nu di ca cng trnh cp khng qu
25m cho php c 1 li thot;
Li vo phi c ca ngn khng cho ngi ngoi ra vo t do. Cc ca phi c kho
m t pha trong khng cn cha kha;
- Trong hm v mng cp phi c bin php ngn nga nc thi cng nghip, du
chy vo v c h thng t x nc ln t ct ra ngoi, hoc phi c bm thot nc
iu khin ng m t ng tu theo mc nc. Kch thc v trng lng cho vic lp
t cng trnh cp phi tnh n kh nng s dng sc ngi;
Chi tit cng trnh cp xem Ph lc 2.1-8.
iu 211. Yu cu i vi ging cp
cao ca ging cp phi lp t hp ni, hp ni hm hoc bn hm.
Ging cp trn b, ni cc ng cp chuyn sang i ngm trong nc phi c kch
thc ph hp t c cp d phng v thit b khc.
Cc ging cp phi c thang hoc mc thang ln xung.
Ca ln xung ca ging v hm cp phi c ng knh khng c nh hn 650mm
v np y bng kim loi c kho m c t pha trong ra khng cn cha kha.

90

iu 212. Yu cu i vi gi cp
Gi cp trong hm cp, tng cp, bung cp, ging cp, cu cp, mng cp, sn
kp c b tr theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 212: Khong trng nh nht gia cc gi cp trong cng trnh cp
Khong trng nh nht (mm)
M t khong cch

Chiu cao

Trong cc hm cp,
tng cp, bung cp,
cu cp

Trong cc mng cp, mng

cp, ging cp v sn kp

1800 (1500*1)

1000

(nh nht)

(ln nht)

Khong trng gia cc gi

cp khi t cp c hai pha

800

Khong trng t gi cp n
tng khi t cp mt pha

800

t cp n
10kV
t cp t
Khong
22 n 35kV
cch
t cp t
thng
110kV n 220kV
ng
- Cp nh th, cp
gia
thng tin
cc
gi cp

200 i vi su n 0,6m
300 i vi su ln hn 0,6m
200 i vi su n 0,6m
300 i vi su ln hn 0,6m

100

100

200

200

250

250

- Cp lc c tit
din l 3x25mm2
v cp lc in p
n 1kV

100

Khong cch gia cc gi

(cng son) theo chiu di
cng trnh*2

T 500 n 1000

Ghi ch:
- (*1) S liu trn p dng cho hm cp ngm c chiu di nh hn 100m ch hp v c
ca ra cui.
- (*2) Khong cch trn p dng cho gi cp c chiu di nh hn 500mm cc tuyn
thng.
Chi tit lp t gi cp xem Ph lc 2.1-9.
iu 213. Yu cu lp t cp trong cng trnh cp
Khong cch gia cc cp lp t trong cng trnh cp c quy nh trong bng sau:
91

Bng 213-1: Khong cch nh nht gia cc cp

Cc cp giao cho
- Gia cc cp in c in p n

V tr lp t

Khong trng
nh nht (mm)

Trong hm cp, tng

cp, mng cp,
mng cp, ging cp,
sn kp

Khng nh hn
ng knh ca cp

Trong t, trong nc

100

- Gia cc cp in c in p t 22kV Trong hm cp, tng

n 35kV
cp, mng cp,
mng cp, ging cp,
- Gia cp in c in p t 22kV
n 35kV v cp nh th, cp thng tin sn kp

150

10kV
- Gia cp in c in p n 10kV
v cp nh th, cp thng tin

Khng nh hn
ng knh ca cp

Trong t, trong nc

250

- Gia cc cp c in p 110kV v

Trong hm cp, tng

cp, mng cp,
220kV
- Gia cp c in p 110kV v 220kV mng cp, ging cp,
sn kp
v cp in khc
Trong t, trong nc

250

500

- Gia cp ca cc c quan khc nhau Trong t, trong nc

- Gia cc cp nh th, cp thng tin

Tt c cc v tr

500
Khng quy nh

iu 214. Yu cu lp t cp giao cho vi cc cng trnh khc

1. Khong cch gia cc cp i gn hoc giao cho:
- nh my in v trm bin p, cho php t cp vi khong cch n mng ct DK
trn 1kV khng c nh hn 0,5m nu trang b ni t ca ct c ni vi li
ni t ca trm.
- Khi giao cho vi ng st v ng t, cp phi t trong khi cp hoc trong ng
cp sut chiu ngang ca ng cng thm mi pha 0,5m tnh t mp ng; chiu su
chn cp t nht l 1m k t mt ng v thp hn y mng thot nc hai bn
ng t nht l 0,5m.
- Khi giao cho vi ng st chy in, cc khi cp hoc ng cp l loi cch in; ch
giao cho phi cch ch b ghi v cch ch ni dy in (dy m) vo ng ray khng
c nh hn 3m. Vic lp t cp giao cho vi ng st chy in nn b tr gc giao
cho t 75o 90o.
2. ng cp in c t song song v giao cho vi cc i tng khc nh: ng
ng, ng ng dn nhit, ng st, ng xe in, cc ng cp phi bo m
c khong cch an ton nm ngang gia chng v cc i tng khc v phi c bin
php bo v ngn nga nhng tc ng c hi. Trong trng hp cn thit lp t trong
phm vi ch gii ca i tng khc, phi c tho thun ca cc c quan qun l cc i
tng .
92

Bng 214-1: Khong cch nh nht t cng trnh cp n cng trnh xy dng
Cch
b tr

Cc cng trnh

M t khong cch

Mp mng ta nh v
cng trnh xy dng
Gc cy to trong rng
(gc cy to trong vn)

T cp, mng cp, ng cp,

khi cp
T cp, mng cp, ng cp,
khi cp
T cu cp v hnh lang cp
n tng nh v tng cng
trnh
T cu cp v hnh lang cp
n tng nh v tng cng
trnh

Cc ta nh v cng
trnh c tng kn
Cc ta nh v cng
trnh c tng c l
Giao
cho
theo
chiu
nm
ngang

T cu cp v
n ch ngoi
cng trnh

ng t trong nh
my v ng cha
chy

T cu cp v
n mp ngoi
nc ca ng
T cu cp v hnh lang cp
n mp ngoi ca phn vn
chuyn
T cu cp, hnh lang cp n
phn gn nht ca ng ng

ng ng t trn
mt t
DK
ng st khng in
kh ha trong khu vc
nh my

Giao
cho
theo
chiu
thng
ng

ng st chy in
trong khu vc nh my

ng t trong nh
my v ng cha
chy
ng ng t trn
mt t
DK
ng in thoi v
ng truyn thanh

T cu cp v hnh lang cp
n dy dn in
T im thp nht ca cu cp
v hnh lang cp n mt ca
ng ray
T im thp nht ca cu cp
v hnh lang cp n mt ca
ng ray
T im thp nht ca cu cp
v hnh lang cp n ng
dy in cho ng st
T im thp nht ca cu cp,
hnh lang cp n mt ng
t hoc ng cha chy
T cu cp, hnh lang cp n
phn gn nht ca ng ng
T cu cp v hnh lang cp
n dy dn in
T cu cp v hnh lang cp
n dy dn in
93

0,6
2,0 (0,75)
Khng quy nh

2,0

- Cu cp v hnh
lang cp c ngi i
hnh lang cp
li: 3,0
gn nht ca
- Cu cp v hnh
lang cp khng c
ngi i li: 1,0
hnh lang cp
ca rnh thot
2,0

ng st khng in
kh ha trong khu vc
nh my

ng cp treo

Khong cch
nh nht (m)

1,0
0,5
Khong cch hnh
lang an ton ca DK
5,6

7,1

3,0

4,5
0,5
Khong cch an ton
phng in ca DK
0,5

Bng 214-2: Khong cch nh nht t ng cp in n i tng khc

Khong cch

M t khong cch

nh nht (m)

Khong cch t ng cp in c in p n 35kV n

ng (ng nc v knh nc) v ng ng dn kh c p
sut t 0,0049MPa n 0,588MPa.
Khong cch t ng cp in c in p n 35kV n
ng ng dn kh c p sut t hn 0,588MPa n
1,176MPa.

1,00
(0,50*1, 0,25*2)
2,00
(0,50*1, 0,25*2)

Khong cch t cc ng cp in n 35kV n cc

ng ng dn nhit.

0,50*3

Khong cch t ng cp in c in p 110kV v 220kV

n cc ng ng (tr ng ng nhin liu lng v kh),
c t gn cc ng ng on c chiu di n 50m
c cc vch ngn trnh tc ng c hc.

0,50

Khong cch t cc ng cp in t trong ranh gii

ng st n trc tm ca ng ray.

3,25*4

Khong cch t cc ng cp in n trc tm ca ng

st chy in.

10,75*4

Khong cch t cc ng cp in n trc tm ca cc

ng t in.

2,75*4

Khong cch t cc ng cp in n mp ng loi I v

loi II.

0,70*5

Ghi ch:
- (*1) Nhng s trn p dng cho khong cch t cc ng cp in c in p n
35kV n cc ng ng (tr ng ng nhin liu lng v kh) nhng ch hp.
- (*2) Nhng s trn p dng cho cc ng cp c t trong ng dc theo ton b
chiu di.
- (*3) ng dn nhit c lp bc cch nhit sut chiu di giao cho cng thm mi pha
2m.
- (*4) ng cp in lp t trong hnh lang ng st, ng st chy in, ng
t in phi c tho thun ca cc c quan qun l cc cng trnh .
- (*5) Khong cch ny c th gim nu c tha thun ca c quan qun l ng b.
3. Nu t ng cp in giao cho vi cc i tng khc nh: ng ng, ng
ng dn nhit, ng st, ng t, nh xe, sui, mng nc hoc bi ph sa
ng cp in phi bo m v khong cch an ton thng ng gia ng cp v
cc i tng khc, v su an ton tnh t b mt ng v cc i tng bo v
c quy nh trong bng sau:

94

Bng 214-3: Khong cch nh nht gia dy cp v i tng khc

i tng
khc
T mt
ng st,
ng t

Tt c cc
ng ng,
tr ng dn
nhit

Loi cp

iu kin

Cc cp c
bo v

Cp c t trong ng, trong hm

cp, khi cp dc ton b on giao
ct v di thm 0,5 m v c hai pha.

Cp khng i
trong khi cp
v ng

- t xung quanh cp n nh

1,0

- t xung quanh cp khng n nh

1,5

1,0

Cp i trong
khi cp

- iu kin bnh thng

Khng
quy nh

Cp i trong
ng

- iu kin bnh thng

0,25

Cp khng i
trong khi cp
v ng

ng dn
nhit

Khong cch
nh nht (m)

Cp i trong
khi cp

- iu kin t xung quanh cp n

nh
- iu kin t xung quanh cp khng
n nh
- ng nhit c cch nhit ton b
phn giao nhau v thm 2m c hai
bn.
- ng dn nhit c cch nhit
nhit ca cp xung quanh mt t
khng tng thm 10oC so vi nhit
cao nht vo ma h v 15oC so vi
nhit thp nht trong ma ng.

Tt c cc cp
- Nh trn
i trong ng

1,0
1,5

Khng
quy nh

0,25

iu 215. Giao cho vi ng cp vin thng i ngm

a) Cp vin thng ngm khi vt qua cp in lc phi i bn trn cp ngm in lc.
Trng hp mt trong hai cp c v bc bng kim loi hoc c t trong ng kim loi
th khong cch ti ch giao cho l 0,25 m;
b) Khong cch ngang gia cp vin thng v cp in lc cao p cng chn trc tip
trong t theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 215: Khong cch gia cp vin thng v cp in lc cng chn trc tip
trong t
t n nh
1,0 (0,5*)

Khong cch (m)

t khng n nh
1,5 (0,5*)

Ghi ch: (*) Khong cch nm ngang c gim, nu 2 ng cp u t trong ng.

iu 216. Lp t ng cp in trong gian sn xut
ng cp in trong gian sn xut phi c lp t theo cc yu cu sau:
- D tip cn sa cha hoc khng gian h quan st c;
- Cp lp t nhng ni thng c my mc, thit b, hng ho xe c qua li phi c
bo v trnh h hng bng cch chn cp c v chu c tc ng c hc hoc t cp
95

trong ng chu lc;

- Khng cho php t cp song song pha trn hoc pha di cc ng dn du v cc ng
nhin liu lng theo mt phng thng ng;
- Khng cho php t cp trong hm thng gi, trng hp cp i cho qua cc hm
thng gi, cp phi c t trong ng;
- Khng cho php t cp h trong cc bung cu thang.
iu 217. su chn cp
ng cp in phi c lp t su thch hp ty theo cp in p. Khi cp i
gn cc ta nh hoc cu trc di lng t, nu chiu di ca tuyn cp nh hn 5m,
su chn cp c th gim xung cn 0,5m, nhng cp phi c bo v chng li cc
tc ng c hc.
Bng 217: su chn cp nh nht
in p (kV)
n 22
35
110
220

su nh nht (m)
0,7
1,0
1,5

iu 218. Lp t cp trong t (trong ho cp)

Khi lp t cp trong ho cp, pha di v pha trn cp c ph lp ct hoc t mn
khng ln si, , x qung hoc rc.
Sut chiu di ng cp phi t tm bo v trnh tc ng v c hc v bng bo hiu
c ng cp in pha di:
- i vi cp in p 110kV tr ln phi t cp trong ng hoc trong khi cp, pha trn
c cc lp bo v v bng cnh bo theo quy nh ca c quan thit k;
- i vi cp in p 35kV, pha trn cp trong ho cp phi ph cc tm an b tng vi
chiu dy khng c nh hn 50mm;
- i vi cp in p di 35kV, pha trn cp trong ho cp lt bng tm an hoc ph
lp gch nm ngang vi ng cp hoc bng vt liu c cng tng ng.
- i vi cp in p n 22kV nu lp t di t su hn 1m th khng cn phi bo v
trnh tc ng v c hc, tr cp ca li in th, cp chui qua ng st, ng xe
in v ng t.
- i vi cp in p n 1kV, ch cn bo v trnh tc ng v c hc nhng on c
kh nng b cc tc ng v c hc.
Cc quy nh trn y khng p dng i vi cc trng hp thi cng bng phng php
khoan ngm (o bng robot).
Tuyn cp ngm trong t hoc trong nc phi c bn v mt bng ghi r v y cc
ta tng ng so vi cc mc c sn ca cng trnh xy dng hoc so vi cc mc
xung quanh hin c. nhng ch c hp cp, ch chuyn hng v khong 50m trn
tuyn cp phi t du hiu nh du cp pha di.
iu 219. Lp t ng cp in trong nc
ng cp in i qua sng ngi, knh rch, v.v. cn t on c y v b t b nc
lm xi l. Trng hp t cp xung nc m dng chy thng thay i v cc b
thng b ngp nc v xi l, phi chn v tr an ton t ct trn b.
Ti ct trn b khng c k hon chnh th ch cp chuyn tip xung nc phi c d
phng chiu di khng c nh hn 10m i vi sng ngi v 30m khi t bin.
96

Ti ct trn b c k p hon chnh th phn cp trn b v on chuyn tip xung

nc phi t trong ng cp hoc ging cp.
Cp phi chn su di y khng c nh hn 1m khi i qua sng ngi, knh rch, v.v.
v khng c nh hn 2m khi i qua khu vc tu thuyn qua li.
Ti khu vc thng ht no y theo chu k v cc khu vc tu thuyn th neo, su t
cp phi c s tho thun ca c quan qun l.
iu 220. Lp t ng cp in di bin
Lp t ng cp in di bin phi ch n su, tc v lc y ca nc,
ca gi ti vng cp bt u chuyn t b xung nc. Phi ch n thnh phn ho
hc v iu kin a hnh ca y bin, cng nh thnh phn ho hc ca nc.
ng cp in lp t di bin thc hin theo quy nh ca c quan thit k v nh sn
xut cp.
iu 221. Giao cho cp t di nc
Khng cho php ng cp in giao cho vi ng cp khc trong nc. Trng hp
c bit i vi ng cp in di bin giao cho vi ng cp khc phi c bin
php chng nh hng ln nhau v phi tha thun vi c quan thit k, nh sn xut
cp v nhng n v qun l lin quan.
iu 222. Bin cnh bo trn b
Ti im cp vt knh, sng, bin phi c bin bo trn b theo quy nh ca lut
giao thng ng thu v ng bin hin hnh.
iu 223. Lp t ng cp in trong nh my in
Lp t ng cp in trong nh my in nh cch lp t ng cp in trong gian
sn xut.
- Trong khu vc ca t my pht in, cho php t cp bn ngoi cng trnh cp
chuyn dng vi iu kin cp chc chn khng b h hng do c hc, bi, tia la
trong khi sa cha cc thit b cng ngh v bo m vn hnh cp thun tin;
- Cn xy dng cc li i c cc im dng tip cn vi ng cp t cao trn
5m. i vi loi cp mt si v nhm cp nh (n 20 si) khng nht thit phi xy cc
im dng, nhng phi c kh nng thay th nhanh v sa cha c cp trong qu
trnh vn hnh;
- Khi t cp trong vng ca mt t my pht in bn ngoi cng trnh cp chuyn
dng, cn bo m kh nng phn nhm nh cp i theo cc tuyn khc nhau;
- nhng ni cp i qua tng ngn, vo pha di t bng iu khin, v.v. phi c vch
ngn chng chy.
iu 224. Lp t cp i theo cu
- Cp i theo cu , cu b tng ct thp, cu st phi lp t di phn ng cho
ngi i b hoc thnh cu, phi t cp trong mng cp hoc trong ng chng chy;
ch bin php gim nc ma chy trc tip vo cng trnh cp;
- Cp i theo cu bng g (k c i qua cc bn tu thuyn, v.v.) phi lp t trong
ng thp hoc ng bng vt liu kh chy;
- Ti ch cp i qua khe gin n ca cu, gia kt cu ca cu v ca ng cp phi c
bin php trnh cp b h hng c hc;
- Tt c ng cp khi i theo cu st, cu b tng ct thp, phi c cch in vi cc
phn st thp ca cu;
- ng cp t theo cu nn dng loi cp c v nhm bc ai thp.
97

CHNG 2.2. YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN IN P N 1KV

iu 225. Yu cu i vi dy dn in
DK in p n 1kV dng dy dn trn mt si hay nhiu si bn hoc cp vn xon c
tit din ph hp vi nhu cu ca ph ti. i vi nhnh r t ng dy chnh ti u
vo h s dng in, tit din dy dn ty thuc vo ph ti v chiu di dy dn.
Bng 225: Tit din nh nht hoc ng knh nh nht ca dy dn ca DK in
p n 1kV
Tit din nh nht
hoc ng knh nh nht (mm2)

Loi dy dn
- Dy nhm bn

16

- Dy nhm bn c li thp
- Dy hp kim nhm bn c li thp

10

- Dy ng bn

- Dy ng mt li

3mm

- Dy ng bc cch in cho cc ng dy
nhnh c chiu di n 10m
- Dy ng bc cch in cho cc ng dy
nhnh c chiu di t hn 10m n 25m

4
6

iu 226. Yu cu i vi cp vn xon
1. Cp vn xon cho DK in p n 1kV s dng rut nhm. Cp vn xon cho DK
1kV vng ven bin v hi o phi s dng rut ng.
2. Cp vn xon khng c chn trc tip di t.
3. Cc ph kin ca cp vn xon phi ng b v ph hp vi cc yu cu ca cp v
ca nh ch to.
Thng s k thut ca cp vn xon rut nhm xem Ph lc 2.2-1.
iu 227. Cc phng php v iu kin tnh ton la chn tit din dy dn:
Tit din dy dn phi c la chn theo iu kin pht nng cho php, tn tht in p
cho php, dng in lu di cho php.
Ch kim tra theo ch ngn mch i vi bng phn phi, ng dn in v t ng
lc.
iu 228. Yu cu b tr dy dn in
1. B tr dy dn trong khu vc
a) Khong cch an ton thng ng t dy dn thp nht ca DK n 1kV trong ch
vn hnh bnh thng n mt t theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 228-1: Khong cch thng ng nh nht t dy dn n mt t
Khong cch thng ng nh nht (m)
Khu vc dn c
Khu vc khng c dn c
R trn mt va h
6
5
3,5
b) Khong cch nh nht t dy dn in ngoi tri giao cho vi mt ng cho cu
ho, ti phn cho xe i qua khng c nh hn 6m, ti phn xe khng i qua khng c
nh hn 3,5m;
98

c) Khong cch an ton nh nht t dy dn n ta nh theo quy nh trong bng sau:

Bng 228-2: Khong cch nh nht t dy dn n cc ta nh
Hng
B tr
nm ngang

B tr
thng ng

Chiu cao

Ni lp t
Pha tng nh xy kn
Hng v ca s
Hng v ban cng
Pha trn ban cng, cu thang v mi
ca ta nh cng nghip

Khong cch
nh nht (m)
0,75 (0,5)*)
1,0 (0,5)*)
1,0 (0,5)*)
1,5 (1,0)*)

Pha trn ca s

1,0 (0,5)*)

Pha di ca s (tnh t bu ca)

Pha di ban cng
T mt t (ni ng dy u vo
nh)

1,0 (0,5)*)
1,0 (0,5)*)
2,75

Ghi ch: *) Dng cho dy bc v cp

2. B tr dy dn, dy trung tnh v thit b
- Dy pha v dy trung tnh ca DK in p n 1kV khng cng cao, phi b tr dy
trung tnh pha di dy pha.
- Dy mch chiu sng mc chung ct vi DK in p n 1kV b tr di dy trung
tnh.
- Cu chy, dao cch ly phn on, v.v. t trn ct phi b tr thp hn dy dn in.
3. B tr dy dn trn ct
Khong cch nh nht gia cc dy dn in ca DK 1 mch v nhiu mch b tr trn
ct khng c nh hn cc tr s quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 228-3: Khong cch nh nht gia cc dy dn gn nht trn ct DK
B tr
trn ng dy
B tr thng ng

B tr nm ngang

Khong cch gia cc dy dn

- Gia cc dy trn
- Gia dy trn vi dy bc v cp
- Gia cc dy bc hoc gia cc cp
- Gia cc dy trn khi khong ct n 30m
- Gia cc dy trn khi khong ct trn 30m
- Gia dy trn vi dy bc v cp
- Gia cc dy bc hoc cp khi khong ct
n 6m
- Gia cc dy bc hoc cp khi khong ct
qu 6m

Khong cch
nh nht (m)
0,40
0,20
0,20
0,30
0,20
0,10
0,15

4. B tr dy dn i chung ct
a) Cho php DK n 1kV i chung ct vi DK in p n 35kV, nhng phi bo m
khong cch an ton nh sau:
- Nu DK n 1kV s dng dy trn, khong cch khng nh hn 2m;
- Nu DK n 1kV s dng dy bc, khong cch khng nh hn 1m.
b) Cho php ng dy thng tin trn khng (TT) v tn hiu trn khng (TH) i chung
ct vi DK n 1kV, nhng phi thc hin cc yu cu sau:
c) i vi DK n 1kV dng dy trn, TT v TH phi t di dy dn in ca DK
khng c nh hn 1,0m;
99

d) i vi DK n 1kV dng dy bc hoc cp, TT v TH phi t cch dy dn in

ca DK khng c nh hn 0,5m.
5. B tr dy dn giao cho hoc song song
a) Cc DK n 1kV giao cho vi nhau c th thc hin trn ct giao cho. Khong
cch cc dy dn giao cho trn ct bng khong cch gia cc pha ca dy dn trn
ct.
Cho php giao cho vi nhau trong khong ct, khi khong cch gia cc dy gn
nhau nht ca cc tuyn DK c in p n 1kV giao cho nhit khng kh cao
nht, khng c gi, phi bo m theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 228-4: Khong cch gia cc dy dn in gn nhau nht
Loi dy dn
Khong cch nh nht (m)
Dy bc v cp
0,5
Dy trn
1,0
Dy trn giao cho vi dy trn hoc dy bc, nu khng bo m khong cch theo quy
nh l 1m th tng dy trn phi b sung lp bc cch in mi pha 0,5m.
b) Dy bc v cp giao cho, song song vi ng ng v ng nng phi c bo v
khi tc ng ca nhit cao hoc phi c c tnh k thut ph hp v phi bo m
khong cch theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 228-5: Khong cch nh nht t dy bc v cp n ng
V tr ca dy cch
in, cp v ng
Dy bc v cp
ct ngang ng
Dy bc v cp i
song song gn ng

Loi ng
Cc ng (tr nhng ng di y)
Cc ng dn nhin liu v kh chy
Cc ng (tr nhng ng di y)
Cc ng dn nhin liu v kh chy

Khong cch
nh nht (mm)
250
(50*)
250
(100*)
100
400

Ghi ch: (*) p dng cho cc dy bc v cp c bo v chng tc ng c hc c

chiu di hn 250 mm mi pha ca ng.
iu 229. B tr thit b ng ct v thit b bo v
i vi cc h dn in trong nh v ngoi tri c in p n 1kV, thit b ng ct v
bo v phi c b tr trc tip trn ng dy in hoc trong t phn phi.
Thit b ng ct v bo v phi c b tr sao cho loi tr kh nng tip xc ngu nhin
ti cc phn c in.
thao tc ti im khng tip xc c khi ng trn mt t, phi trang b cc phng
tin thch hp v phi nhn thy r trng thi ca thit b ng ct.
iu 230. Ni dy dn
Dy dn ca DK n 1kV phi thc hin bng cch ni p, hn, hoc kp ni dy (vt,
bulng, v.v.).
Dy dn mt si phi ni vn xon trc khi hn, khng cho php hn nh hai u.
Ni cc dy dn bng kim loi khc nhau hoc dy dn c tit din khc nhau in p
n 1kV phi thc hin lo, cc mi ni ny khng chu lc, khng b n mn in ho.
Vic ni nhng ng kim loi c chc nng lm dy ni t hoc dy trung tnh phi p
ng cc yu cu quy nh trong phn ni t.
100

iu 231. Yu cu i vi vt cch in
H s an ton c hc (t s gia ti trng c hc ph hy vi ti trng tiu chun ln nht)
ca vt cch in khng c nh hn 2,5.
iu 232. Yu cu i vi ct
1. DK n 1kV c th dng cc loi ct sau y:
Ct , ct no thng, ct no gc, ct cui, ct nhnh, ct giao cho. Ct nhnh v ct
giao cho c th dng mi loi ct nu trn.
2. Tt c cc loi ct u c th dng thanh chng hoc dy no tng cng kh
nng chu lc. Dy no khng c lm cn tr vic i li ca ngi v phng tin.
3. Tt c cc loi ct ch cn tnh theo ti trng c hc ng vi ch lm vic bnh
thng ca DK (dy dn khng b t) trong trng hp: p lc gi ln nht v nhit
thp nht.
Trong tnh ton, cho php ch tnh cc ti trng ch yu sau y:
- i vi ct : ti trng do gi tc ng theo phng nm ngang thng gc vi tuyn dy
dn v kt cu ct;
- i vi ct no thng: ti trng do gi tc ng theo phng nm ngang thng gc vi
tuyn dy dn v kt cu ct, ti trng dc dy dn theo phng nm ngang do lc cng
chnh lch ca dy dn cc khong ct k to ra;
- i vi ct gc: ti trng theo phng nm ngang do lc cng dy dn hp thnh
(hng theo cc ng trc ca x), ti trng theo phng nm ngang do gi tc ng
ln dy dn v kt cu ct;
- i vi ct cui: ti trng theo phng nm ngang tc ng dc tuyn DK do lc cng
v mt pha ca dy dn v do gi tc ng;
- Xc nh kch thc chn ct phi cn c vo chiu cao ct, s lng dy dn mc trn
ct, iu kin cng nh cc bin php thi cng.
4. DK c th dng ct thp, ct b tng ct thp.
5. Khi t ct on tuyn b ngp nc, t c th b xi l, phi c cc bin php chng
xi l.
iu 233. Khong cch t mp mng ca ct n cc vt th khc
Khong cch t mp ngoi mng ct ca cc DK n 1kV ti cc vt th khc phi bo
m khong cch an ton.
Bng 233: Khong cch nh nht t mp ngoi ca mng ct n vt th khc
Khong cch nh nht
(m)

Vt th khc
ng ng dn nc, kh, hi nc, thi nhit hoc
nc
Vi nc cha chy, ho nc hoc ging nc
Trm xng du
Cp ngm (tr cp thng tin v cp tn hiu)
Cp ngm t trong ng

0,5
2,0
10,0
1,0 (0,5*)
0,5

Ghi ch: (*) p dng cho mng ct c bin php khng gy nguy him cho cp ngm.

101

CHNG 2.3. YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN IN P TRN 1KV

iu 234. Quy nh chung cho DK
1. Dy dn
- DK in p trn 1kV n 35kV s dng dy dn trn, dy bc cch in hoc cp vn
xon;
- DK in p 110kV n 500kV s dng cc dy dn trn n hoc nhiu si.
c tnh k thut cp trung p vn xon v cp bc trung p xem Ph lc 2.3-1.
2. iu kin s dng
- Tit din: Theo sc bn c hc da vo iu kin kh hu v cng sut truyn ti;
- S lng dy dn nhiu si: Theo cng sut truyn ti v vng quang;
- Khong cch gia cc dy dn nhiu si: Theo lc in t trong trng hp ngn mch
v kh nng chu lc ca vt .

Mc 2.3-1 Dy dn in
iu 235. iu kin tnh ton v la chn dy dn in
1. Phng php tnh ton v in
a) Mt dng in kinh t;
b) Tn tht in p cho php;
c) pht nng cho php;
d) Dng in lu di cho php;
) iu kin vng quang;
e) iu kin ngn mch;
f) iu kin n nh ng, n nh tnh, n nh nhit.
2. Phng php tnh ton v c l
a) Dy dn: tnh theo phng php ng sut cho php;
b) Cch in v ph kin: tnh theo phng php ti trng ph hu;
c) Ct v mng: tnh theo phng php trng thi gii hn.
Ti tiu chun phi c ly theo gi tr quy nh trong Tiu chun tc ng v ti trng
TCVN- 2737-1995.
3. iu kin tnh ton v kh hu
a. Ch bnh thng:
- Nhit khng kh cao nht Tmax, p lc gi q = 0;
- Nhit khng kh thp nht Tmin, p lc gi q = 0;
- Nhit khng kh trung bnh nm Ttb, p lc gi q = 0;
- p lc gi ln nht qmax, nhit khng kh T = 25oC.
b. Ch s c:
- Nhit khng kh thp nht Tmin, p lc gi q = 0;
- Nhit khng kh trung bnh nm Ttb, p lc gi q = 0;
- p lc gi ln nht qmax, nhit khng kh T = 25oC.
Trong ch s c ca DK, p lc gi tnh ton ln nht qmax cho php ly theo Tiu
chun tc ng v ti trng TCVN 2737-1995.
4. iu kin tnh ton v c hc
a) Ch bnh thng ca DK l ch lm vic khi dy dn hoc dy chng st
khng b t;
b) Ch s c t dy ca DK l ch lm vic khi mt hoc mt s dy dn hoc
dy chng st b t;
102

c) Ch lp t ca DK l trng thi ca ng dy trong qu trnh dng ct, lp t

dy dn hoc dy chng st.
iu 236. La chn tit din dy dn theo mt dng in kinh t
1. La chn tit din dy dn theo mt dng in kinh t c quy nh trong bng
sau:
Bng 236: Mt dng in kinh t
Vt liu dn in
Thanh v dy trn:
- ng
- Nhm (nhm li thp)
Dy bc cch in:
- ng
- Nhm (nhm li thp)

Mt dng in kinh t Jkt (A/mm2)

S gi s dng ph ti cc i trong nm (h)
T 1000
T trn 3000
Trn 5000
n 3000
n 5000
2.5
1.3

2.1
1.1

1.8
1.0

3,5
1,9

3,1
1,7

2,7
1,6

2. Khi s dng cc s liu theo quy nh bng trn, c php iu chnh nh sau:
a) Nu ph ti cc i xut hin vo ban m th Jkt c tng thm 40%;
b) Vi dy bc cch in c tit din n 16mm2 th Jkt c tng thm 40%;
c) i vi DK tit din ng nht c n ph ti r nhnh dc theo chiu di th Jkt on
u ng dy c tng K1 ln;
d) Nu DK di c nhiu ph ti phn b dc ng dy th nn chia ng dy thnh 2
on la chn 2 loi tit din khc nhau. Khng nn chn ti 3 loi tit din trn mt
trc ca DK;
) Khi chn tit din dy dn cho nhiu h tiu th cng loi d phng ln nhau (v d
bm nc, chnh lu, v.v.) gm n thit b, trong m thit b lm vic ng thi, s thit b
cn li l d phng, th Jkt c tng K2 ln;
e) Trong qu trnh ci to nng cp v vn hnh trong thi gian ngn khi cha c th tng
s ng dy hoc s mch, cho php tng mt dng in kinh t ln hn mc nu
trn, nhng phi kim tra theo iu kin pht nng cho php v tnh ton kinh t k thut;
f) Dng in ti c tnh theo ph ti s dng v h s ng thi khi s dng ng thi
nhiu ph ti.
3. Khng tnh ton la chn theo mt dng in kinh t trong cc trng hp sau:
- Thanh ci mi cp in p;
- Dy dn n bin tr, in tr khi ng;
- Li in tm thi v li in c thi gian s dng di 5 nm.
Gi tr n, m, K1, K2, tnh ton ph ti v h s ng thi xem Ph lc 2.3-2.
iu 237. La chn theo tn tht in p cho php
Tn tht in p ln nht trn dy dn (Umax) c la chn theo tn tht in p cho
php (Ucp) v kim tra li theo iu kin pht nng lu di cho php:
Umax Ucp
Tn tht in p cho php c th tng trng hp ph thuc vo yu cu ca loi hnh
ph ti, k c khi khi ng cc ng c in v c tnh n vic tng trng ph ti
trong tng lai.
Chi tit tnh ton tn tht in p xem Ph lc 2.3-3.

103

iu 238. La chn theo pht nng cho php

1. Cc trng hp dy dn c la chn theo nhit pht nng cho php:
a) Cc trng hp sau y dy dn c la chn theo nhit pht nng cho php, sau
kim tra thm cc ch tiu khc, nh st p cho php, n nh in ng, gii hn tit
din v tn tht vng quang:
- Thanh ci mi cp in p;
- Dy dn n bin tr, in tr khi ng;
- Li in tm thi v li in c thi gian s dng di 5 nm;
- Cc trng hp khc th pht nng cho php ch dng kim tra li dy dn sau khi
c la chn theo mt dng in kinh t hoc tn tht in p cho php.
b) Nhit pht nng cho php ca dy trn hoc cp c xc nh theo cch b tr, theo v
bc cch in, theo in p ca cp.
2. Nhit pht nng cho php ca dy dn v cp theo iu kin ngn mch:
Phi kim tra nhit pht nng cho php ca dy dn v cp khng b ph hu hay b
bin dng khi ngn mch, bo m cho cng trnh vn tip tc vn hnh bnh thng.
Chi tit xc nh pht nng cho php khi ngn mch xem Ph lc 2.3-4.
iu 239. La chn theo dng in lu di cho php
La chn tit din ca h dn in trong nh v ngoi tri theo dng in lu di cho
php phi bo m iu kin bnh thng v sau s c. Phi tnh n kh nng tng
ph ti, nhng khng cao hn 25-30% dng in tnh ton.
Chi tit xc nh dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn in trn xem Ph lc 2.3-5.
c tnh k thut v dng in lu di cho php ca dn in trn ACSR xem Ph lc 2.3-6.
iu 240. La chn dy dn trn v thanh dn vi tit din ln
Chn dy dn v thanh dn vi tit din ln th phi chn theo mt dng in kinh t
v phi c cu hnh thch hp gim ti a tn tht do hiu ng b mt, hiu ng gn
v phi bo m lm mt tt nht.
Chi tit xc nh dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn xem Ph lc 2.3-7.
iu 241. La chn theo bn c hc
Theo bn c hc, i vi DK c in p trn 1kV, phi dng dy dn hoc dy chng
st nhiu si loi bn c tit din nh nht theo bng sau:
Bng 241: Tit din nh nht ca dy dn in v dy chng st ca DK
in p trn 1kV
M t DK
Trong khong ct bnh thng
ca DK
Trong khong ct ca DK vt
sng v knh nhng ni c
tu thuyn i qua
Trong khong ct ca DK giao
ct vi ng dy thng tin,
ng ng trn mt t, ng
cp v ng st.

Nhm

Tit din nh nht (mm2)

Hp kim nhm
hoc
Thp
nhm li thp

ng

35

25

25

16

70

35

25

25

70

35

25

25

104

iu 242. La chn theo ng sut cho php

1. Phi tnh ng sut dy dn hoc dy chng st theo cc iu kin sau y :
a) Ti trng ngoi ln nht;
b) Nhit thp nht v khng c ti trng ngoi;
c) Nhit trung bnh nm v khng c ti trng ngoi.
ng sut cho php ln nht ca dy dn hoc dy chng st theo cc iu kin trn ghi
trong bng sau:
Bng 242-1: ng sut cho php ca dy dn v dy chng st tnh theo % ng sut
ko t
Dy dn
v
dy chng st

Tit din
(mm2)
16 35

Dy nhm

Dy hp kim nhm
Dy chng st bng thp

Dy nhm li thp v hp
kim nhm thp tng
cng

Dy ng

ng sut cho php tnh theo %

ng sut ko t
Khi ti trng ngoi
Khi nhit
ln nht v nhit
trung
thp nht
bnh nm
35

50 70

40

95

40

120

45

16 95

40

120

45

Khng quy nh

50

16 25

35

35 95

40

120
(A:C=6,116,25)

40 (50*1)

120
(A:C=4,294,39)

45 (50*1)

150

45 (50*1)

Khng quy nh

50 (40*2)

25

30
30

25

30

Ghi ch:
- (*1) i vi DK dng dy nhm li thp c tit din 120mm2 tr ln ng sut cao nht
c php ly n 50% ng sut ko t khi p lc gi tnh ton q 100daN/m2.
- (*2) Dy ng c tit din n 95mm2 trong khu vc dn c v ti ch giao cho vi cng
trnh khc, ng sut cho php ly bng 40% ng sut ko t ca dy dn.
2. ng sut pht sinh im mc dy cao nht trn mi ct ca DK k c khong vt
ln khng c vt qu 110% i vi dy nhm li thp, 105% i vi cc loi dy dn
khc so vi ng sut cho php.
iu 243. iu kin kh hu tnh ton nh hng i vi dy dn
p lc gi tiu chun, p lc gi theo tng vng, h s tng p lc gi, h s gim p lc
gi i vi cc DK c in p trn 1kV phi ly theo cc gi tr trong TCVN-2737-1995.
i vi ng dy c in p t 110kV tr ln p lc gi tiu chun khng c nh hn
60dN/m2.
p lc gi tiu chun phi c tnh ton c th cho tng v tr theo iu kin gi khng
105

ng u, theo iu kin kh hu, theo cao treo dy, theo c tnh khong vt, v.v.
Chi tit iu kin kh hu tnh ton i vi dy dn in xem Ph lc 2.3-8.
iu 244. Kim tra theo iu kin vng quang
i vi cp in p 110kV tr ln, dy dn phi c kim tra theo iu kin vng
quang, theo nhit trung bnh v mt khng kh ph thuc cao so vi mt bin.
cao n 1000m so vi mc nc bin, dy dn khng phn pha phi c tit din khng
c nh hn quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 244: Tit din nh nht ca 1 dy dn in theo iu kin vng quang
in p (kV)

Tit din nh nht (mm2)

110

70

220

240

500

330

Chi tit kim tra theo iu kin vng quang xem Ph lc 2.3-9.
iu 245. Kim tra theo iu kin ngn mch
1. S tnh ton dng ngn mch
Phi tnh dng ngn mch s pht trin ngun, li t nht cho giai on 10 nm
sau khi a thit b vo vn hnh (cho php tnh gn ng).
Phi xt n cc trng hp ngn mch sau:
a) Ngn mch 3 pha kim tra n nh in ng ca thit b, thanh dn, dy dn v kt
cu ;
b) Ngn mch 3 pha kim tra n nh nhit ca thit b, thanh dn, dy dn. in p
my pht, chn dng ngn mch 3 pha hoc 2 pha theo dng no gy pht nhit ln hn;
c) Dng ngn mch 3 pha v 1 pha chm t, chn gi tr ln hn kim tra kh nng
ng ct dng ngn mch ca thit b. Nu my ct c hai tr s dng ct 3 pha v 1 pha
th phi chn c hai dng ngn mch trn.
2. Tnh ton thi gian n nh nhit
Khi kim tra n nh nhit, thi gian tnh ton bng tng thi gian tc ng ca r le v
thi gian ct ca my ct bao gm c thi gian dp h quang. Nu b bo v chnh c
vng cht (theo dng in, in p, in tr, v.v.) th phi kim tra n nh nhit theo thi
gian tc ng ca b bo v d phng cng thm thi gian ct ca my ct.
3. Kim tra tng nhit do thit b t ng li khng thnh cng
Khi kim tra n nh nhit ca thit b v dy dn ca ng dy c thit b t ng li tc
ng nhanh, phi tnh n vic tng nhit do tng tng thi gian ngn mch khi ng
lp li khng thnh cng.
4. Kim tra dy dn pht nng theo iu kin ngn mch, cc dy phn pha c coi nh
mt dy c tit din bng tng tit din cc dy phn pha.
5. Chn dng in ngn mch
- Cc thit b v dy dn ca mch in phi chn theo dng in ngn mch ln nht
chy qua v phi chu c dng in ngn mch ln nht trong thi gian 1 giy;
- Dng in ngn mch ln nht ti mt im phi tnh tt c cc ngun in ni vo im
khi xy ra s c ngn mch 3 pha;
- Phi kim tra kh nng h dn in mm b chp nhau khi ngn mch, kim tra kh nng
b ph hu hay b bin dng cng trnh vn tip tc vn hnh bnh thng;
- Lc in ng tc ng ln dy dn, truyn n cch in v kt cu phi c tnh
106

ton kim tra theo dng in ngn mch 3 pha tc thi ln nht, c xt n s lch pha
gia cc dng in v b qua dao ng c hc ca kt cu thanh dn;
- Lc c hc do dng in ngn mch truyn qua dy dn, thanh dn n cch in khng
c vt qu 60% lc ph hu nh nht ca cch in nu l cch in n v khng
c qu 100% lc ph hu ca cch in nu l cch in kp.
6. Phi kim tra theo iu kin ngn mch:
a) Thit b in, cp, dy dn, kt cu v kt cu chu lc ca chng;
b) DK c dng in ngn mch xung kch t 50kA tr ln trnh chp dy do lc in
ng khi ngn mch. Ngoi ra, i vi ng dy phn pha cn phi kim tra khong cch
gia cc khung nh v trong tng pha. i vi DK c thit b t ng li tc ng nhanh,
phi kim tra v n nh nhit.
7. Khng phi kim tra theo iu kin ngn mch:
a) n nh ng cho dy dn c bo v bng cu chy c dng in danh nh n 60A
v n nh nhit i vi dy dn c bo v bng mi loi cu chy;
b) Cc dy dn cp in cho cc h dng in l, k c cho cc my bin p phn xng
c tng cng sut n 1MVA, in p s cp n 22kV, nu ng thi tho mn cc iu
kin sau:
- H tiu th c bin php d phng khng lm nh hng ti qu trnh cng ngh
khi mt in;
- Khi ngn mch, d dy dn c b hng cng khng gy n;
- C th thay dy dn d dng.
c) Dy dn cc DK tr cc dy dn nu Khon 6 iu ny;
d) Thanh dn v thit b ca mch bin in p t trong ngn ring bit hoc t sau in
tr ph.
Chi tit kim tra theo iu kin ngn mch cho thanh dn xem Ph lc 2.3-10.
iu 246. Dy dn in hp kim nhm chu nhit
Dy dn in hp kim nhm chu nhit c 4 loi vi cc c tnh k thut nh sau:
a) Cho php lm vic lin tc trong thi hn 40 nm vi nhit :
Loi 1: 150oC; Loi 2: 150oC; Loi 3: 210oC; Loi 4: 230oC;
b) Cho php lm vic trong thi hn 400 gi vi nhit :
Loi 1: 180oC; Loi 2: 180oC; Loi 3: 240oC; Loi 4: 310oC.
Chi tit c tnh k thut ca dy dn hp kim chu nhit theo quy nh ca nh ch to.
iu 247. La chn dy chng st
Dy chng st, ngoi vic bo m cc iu kin v tnh ton c l, phi kim tra iu
kin n nh nhit trong trng hp xy ra ngn mch 1 pha.
Trn on DK c mc dy chng st qua cch in th khng cn phi kim tra n
nh nhit. Dy chng st cp quang (OPGW) c chn theo bn c hc v kim
tra n nh nhit nh vi dy chng st thng.
Chi tit tnh ton la chn dy chng st xem Ph lc 2.3-11.

Mc 2-3-2 Lp t dy dn v ph kin
iu 248. Bo v chng rung
Dy dn v dy chng st ca DK phi c bo v chng rung khi ng sut nhit
trung bnh nm c gi tr ln hn quy nh trong bng tip theo.
i vi nhng on DK khng b gi tc ng theo hng ngang vo dy (ng dy
dc thung lng, qua rng cy, v.v.) th khng phi chng rung.
107

i vi DK c phn pha 3 dy tr ln, nu ng sut dy dn nhit trung bnh nm

khng vt qu 67,5 N/mm2, khong cch gia cc khung nh v khng vt qu 60m
v khong vt khng ln hn 500m th khng cn bo v chng rung.
Bng 248: Quy nh la chn bo v chng rung
Chiu di
khong ct
(m)

Tit din
(mm2)

ng sut ca dy dn
in hoc dy chng
st (N/mm2)

Khng quy
nh

40

n 95

60

120

50

Dy chng st bng thp

Khng quy
nh

240

Tt c cc loi dy dn in
v dy chng st

Khng quy
nh

Tt c

Loi dy dn in hoc dy
chng st
Dy nhm

120 500

Dy nhm li thp v dy
hp kim nhm li thp
Nh trn

Hn 500

iu 249. Lp t khung nh v
Trn DK c phn pha, trong khong ct v ti dy lo trn ct no dy dn phi lp cc
khung nh v. Khong cch gia cc khung nh v c xc nh theo tnh ton thit k.
iu 250. Lp t mi ni v phn nhnh ca h dn in trong nh v ngoi tri
1. Dy dn v dy chng st ng dy 110kV tr ln phi ni bng ng ni chuyn dng
m khng c dng kp bulng.
a) Trong khong ct giao cho vi ng t cp I, II, i qua sng ngi, knh rch khu
vc c tu thuyn qua li, dy dn v dy chng st khng c c mi ni tr trng
hp dy dn c tit din t 240mm2 tr ln c php c mt mi ni trn mi dy dn
trong mt khong ct;
b) Trong khong ct giao cho vi ng t cp III tr ln, dy dn v dy chng st
c php c mt mi ni trn mi dy trong mt khong ct;
c) Trong khong vt bn trn ng ng dn, ng cp vn chuyn trn khng,
ng st, dy dn v dy chng st khng c c mi ni tr trng hp dy dn c
tit din t 240mm2 tr ln c php c mt mi ni trn mi dy dn trong mt khong
vt.
2. Cc mi ni v r nhnh ca dy dn v cp in ca h dn in trong nh v ngoi
tri phi c lp theo phng php hn, ng ni, u ct, kp cc thit b, kp r
nhnh, v.v. bo m bn v chu lc. Mi ni cc r nhnh h dn in mm
cho php p dng kiu kp p hoc kp r bt bulng. Trong trng hp cn thit i vi
h dn in n 35kV c lp t trong hp r nhnh hoc hp ni d bo tr, kim
tra v sa cha.
3. Mi ni cc ng dy dn in trong nh v ngoi tri bng vt liu khc nhau phi
loi tr hin tng n mn b mt tip xc.
iu 251. Kt cu v vt liu ca mi ni, hp r nhnh v u kp ni
Kt cu ca mi ni, hp ni, hp r nhnh v u kp ni phi ph hp vi phng
php lp t v iu kin mi trng.
108

Hp ni, hp r nhnh, v cch in ca u kp ni phi c ch to bng vt liu

khng chy hoc kh chy.
iu 252. o pha
hn ch dng in v in p khng i xng ca DK, dy dn ca DK in p 110
- 500kV di trn 100km phi o pha mt chu k trn vn; chiu di ca mi bc trong
mt chu k o pha phi gn bng nhau. S o pha DK hai mch cng in p i
chung ct phi ging nhau. Trong li in 110 - 500kV, bao gm nhiu on DK chiu
di di 100km th vic o pha c th thc hin trc tip ti cc trm in ( thanh ci,
cc khong ct cui ng dy vo ct cng trm, v.v.), trong vic o pha phi thc
hin sao cho chiu di ca mi bc trong 1 chu k o pha phi gn bng nhau.
Vic o pha cc DK nhm mc ch chng nh hng ca DK i vi ng dy
thng tin cn c tnh ton ring.
iu 253. cao lp t
cao lp t dy dn v dy chng st ca h dn in trong nh v ngoi tri in p
trn 1kV n 500kV thc hin theo iu kin lp t, khu vc lp t, mi trng lp t
v c quy nh chi tit trong Chng 2.3-4 ca Quy chun k thut ny.
iu 254. Khong cch gia cc dy dn trong cng mt mch
Khong cch gia cc dy dn DK trong cng mt mch phi tnh ton theo iu kin
lm vic trong khong ct v c thc hin theo quy nh sau:
1. Khong cch gia cc dy dn ni vo cch in loi treo:
a) Khong cch nm ngang
Khong cch nm ngang gia cc dy dn ca DK s dng cch in loi treo khng
c nh hn cc gi tr tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
U
D=
+ 0.65 f + (m)
110
b) Khong cch thng ng gia cc dy dn ca DK s dng cch in loi treo
khng c nh hn cc gi tr tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
U
D=
+ 0.42 f (m)
110
c) Khong cch gia cc dy dn ca DK b tr khng cng trn mt mt phng s
dng cch in loi treo khng c nh hn cc gi tr tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
U
U
D=
+ 0.65 f + (m) Khi chnh lch cao ca cc dy dn h <
110
110
U
U
D=
+ 0.43 f (m) Khi chnh lch cao ca cc dy dn h
110
110
2. Khong cch gia cc dy dn ni vo cch in ng cho DK in p n 35kV c
gi tr tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
U
D=
+ 0.45 f (m)
110
Trong : D: Khong cch gia cc dy dn (m);
U : in p danh nh (kV);
f : vng tnh ton ln nht (m);
: Chiu di chui cch in (m);
h : Chnh lch cao gia cc dy dn (m).

109

iu 255. Khong cch gia cc dy dn gn nht ca DK nhiu mch

Trn ct ca DK nhiu mch, khong cch ti ct gia cc dy dn gn nht ca hai
mch lin k cng in p theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 255: Khong cch nh nht trn ct gia cc dy dn lin k
in p (kV)

Dy dn

Cch in

Khong cch nh
nht (m)

Loi ng
2,0
hoc treo
Trn 1 n 22
Loi ng
Dy bc v cp
1,0
hoc treo
Loi ng
2,5
35
Dy trn
Loi treo
3,0
110
Dy trn
Loi treo
4,0
220
Dy trn
Loi treo
6,0
500
Dy trn
Loi treo
8,5
Khong cch ti ct gia cc dy dn gn nht ca hai mch lin k c in p khc nhau
th ly khong cch ca mch c in p cao hn.
Dy trn

iu 256. Lp t cc dy dn ca DK vi in p khc nhau

Cc DK in p khc nhau cho php b tr trn cng mt ct:
- Cc DK 0,4kV, 10kV, 15kV, 22kV, 35kV;
- Cc DK in p 22kV, 35kV, 110kV;
- Cc DK in p 110kV, 220kV, 500kV.
Cho php b tr dy dn ca DK c in p 110kV tr ln lp t pha trn dy dn ca
DK c in p cao hn, nhng dy dn phi c tit din ln hn 120mm2 i vi DK
110kV, ln hn 300mm2 i vi DK 220kV v dng cch in kp.
iu 257. Khong cch t cc phn mang in trn ct khi sa cha
i vi DK vn mang in khi sa cha, bo m an ton cho ngi lm vic trn
ct, khong cch t phn mang in n thn ct kim loi hoc ct b tng m ngi c
th tro n c khi dy dn khng dao ng phi khong cch an ton theo quy
nh trong bng sau:
Bng 257: Khong cch nh nht t cc phn mang in trn cc ct n thn ct
in p (kV)
Trn 1 n 110
220
500

Khong cch nh nht (m)

1,5
2,5
4,0

iu 258. Cch in
1. Chng loi cch in:
- DK in p n 35kV dng cch in treo, cch in ng hoc cch in silicon;
- DK in p 110kV tr ln dng cch in treo hoc cch in silicon;
- DK in p 110kV tr ln ti cc v tr c bit (o pha, dy, bn cnh chng st,
my ct, cu dao, v.v.) dng cch in ng.
- Ct c x cch in composit ph hp th khng cn dng vt cch in.
2. S lng bt cch in trong chui
110

S lng bt cch in trong chui cch in treo ca DK in p trn 1kV c tnh

ton theo chiu di dng r, phng php ni im trung tnh, ng r b mt theo
nhim ca mi trng lp t, qu in p, cao so vi mt nc bin, chiu cao ct
v kiu lp t ca cch in.
Chi tit tnh ton chn s lng bt cch in xem Ph lc 2.3-12.
3. bn c hc ca cch in
- Cch in phi c bn c hc d phng trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
- Khi DK vt qua ng t loi I, loi II, cc ng t trong khu th, ng st
v ng thy c tu thuyn thng xuyn qua li, th cch in ca ng dy on
giao cho phi s dng cch in kp.
Chi tit xc nh bn c hc ca cch in xem Ph lc 2.3-13.
iu 259. Ph kin
Ph kin ng dy phi c bn c hc d phng trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng
v c phng php lp t thch hp.
H s an ton c hc ca ph kin khi DK lm vic ch bnh thng khng nh hn
2,5 v trong ch s c khng nh hn 1,7. (H s an ton c hc l t s gia ti trng
c hc ph hy vi ti trng ln nht tc ng ln ph kin). H s an ton ca chn cch
in ng khi DK lm vic ch bnh thng khng nh hn 2, trong ch s c
khng nh hn 1,3.
iu 260. Dy chng st bo v qu in p kh quyn.
1. Treo dy chng st
a) DK 35kV on u vo TBA 35kV c dung lng MBA ln hn 1600kVA phi treo
dy chng st c chiu di t 1 n 2km v gc bo v 30o.
b) DK in p 110kV tr ln phi c bo v chng st nh trc tip bng dy chng
st trn sut chiu di ng dy, tr mt s on tuyn c bit khng th b tr c
dy chng st th phi c bin php chng st khc b sung.
2. Cc dy chng st phi c lp t theo cc yu cu sau:
a) Gc bo v i vi cc ct kim loi v ct b tng ct thp mt tr mc mt dy chng
st ca DK c in p trn 1kV khng c ln hn 30o;
b) Gc bo v i vi dy dn in ngoi cng mc nm ngang trn ct kim loi mt tr
c hai dy chng st ca DK c in p trn 1kV khng c ln hn 20o;
c) Gc bo v i vi dy dn in ngoi cng ca DK c in p trn 1kV mc trn ct
b tng ct thp hnh cng khng c ln hn 30o;
d) Khong cch gia hai dy chng st ca DK c in p trn 1kV ti u ct khng
c vt qu 5 ln khong cch thng ng gia dy chng st v dy dn;
e) Tr s gc bo v thit k c php ly thp hn cc tr s trn, tu theo s ngy st
v a hnh ca khu vc m DK c in p trn 1kV i qua, chiu cao ct v tm quan
trng ca DK.
f) Trn khong ct ca DK c mc dy chng st, vng ca dy chng st khng
c ln hn vng ca dy dn.
3. Khong cch thng ng gia dy chng st v dy dn gia khong ct ca DK
c in p trn 1kV khng tnh n s chao lch ca cc dy do gi tc ng theo iu
kin bo v khi qu in p kh quyn khng nh hn quy nh trong bng sau:

111

Bng 260: Khong cch gia dy chng st v dy dn

Chiu di
khong ct* (m)
100
150
200
300
400
500
600

Khong cch
(m)
2,0
3,2
4,0
5,5
7,0
8,5
10,0

Chiu di
khong ct* (m)
700
800
900
1000
1200
1500
-

Khong cch
(m)
11,5
13,0
14,5
16,0
18,0
21,0
-

Ghi ch:
(*) Nu chiu di khong ct nm gia cc tr s trn th p dng phng php ni suy.
4. Ni t dy chng st:
Dy chng st ca DK c in p t 110kV tr ln phi c ni t tt c cc ct tr
nhng on dy chng st s dng ly in bng phng php in dung hoc thng
tin lin lc.
Khi s dng dy chng st c li cp quang i song song vi dy chng st khng c li cp
quang th tt c cc dy chng st trn u phi ni t cc ct.
iu 261. Trang b chng st
Cc trang thit b dng chng st l kim thu st, dy chng st, khe h phng in,
chng st van v dy ni t.
- u cp ni vo DK in p trn 1kV phi bo v qu in p kh quyn bng thit b
chng st t ti v tr ghp ni u on cp.
- DK in p trn 1kV vt sng ln, vt khe ni vi ct cao trn 40m m trn ct
khng mc dy chng st, phi t chng st van trn dy dn in.
- DK in p 35kV v 110kV trong khu vc c s gi st nh ln hn 40 gi/nm lp
chng st van trc tip trn dy dn in vi khong cch khong 3 n 5km.
iu 262. Khong cch cch in
a) Khi DK c in p trn 1kV i qua vng c cao n 1000m so vi mc nc bin,
khong cch cch in gia dy dn v ph kin mc dy c mang in, b phn ni t,
ct phi c khong cch an ton theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 262: Khong cch cch in nh nht ti ct gia phn mang in v cc
phn ni t ca DK vng c cao n 1000m
iu kin tnh ton

Khong cch cch in nh nht (m)

ti ct theo in p ca DK (kV)
22
35
110
220

n 10
500
Qu in p kh quyn
vi cch in loi
0,15
0,25
0,35
ng
Qu in p kh quyn
0,20
0,35
0,40
1,00
1,80
3,20
vi cch in loi treo
Qu in p ni b
0,10
0,15
0,30
0,80
1,60
3,00
in p vn hnh ln
0,07
0,10
0,25
0,55
1,15
nht
b) Khi DK i qua khu vc cao trn 1000m so vi mc nc bin, khong cch cch
in nh nht phi tng ln c mi khong 100m tng 1,4%, k t cao 1000m so
112

vi mc quy nh nu trn.
iu 263. Khong cch nh nht gia cc dy trn ct o pha hoc ct r nhnh
Khong cch cch in nh nht gia cc dy dn ca DK ti ct o pha, ti ch r
nhnh v thay i cch b tr dy dn phi bo m khong cch an ton theo quy nh
trong bng sau:
Bng 263: Khong cch cch in nh nht gia cc pha ti ct o pha hoc ct
r nhnh
iu kin tnh ton
Qu in p kh quyn
Qu in p ni b
in p vn hnh ln nht

Khong cch cch in nh nht (m)

ti ct theo in p ca DK (kV)
n 10
22
35
110
220
0,20
0,45
0,50
1,35
2,50
0,22
0,33
0,44
1,00
2,00
0,15
0,20
0,45
0,95

500
4,00
4,20
2,00

Mc 2.3-3. Ct, x, dy no
iu 264. Cc loi ct
DK c s dng cc loi ct sau: ct , ct no, ct gc, ct hm, ct cui, ct
nhnh, ct giao cho, ct o pha, v ct c bit.
DK phi c dng cc loi ct thch hp da trn iu kin lp t ca DK, v tr ct
v sc chu lc ca ct.
iu 265. Vt liu v kt cu ct
Ct ca DK c th l ct thp bng thp, ct ng thp hoc ct b tng ct thp.
Ct c im mc dy trn cng c cao trn 70m phi c thang ln xung v sn ngh
c bo v xung quanh bng chn song.
iu 266. V tr t ct
1. Ct ca DK phi c b tr sao cho khng chn li i vo nh v khng cn tr vic
i li ca ngi v xe c.
2. Ct DK nn t cch b sng b xi l mnh c xt n s bin i ca lng sng v
tc hi ca l lt cng xa cng tt. Khi b tr ct ti cc tuyn i qua vng ven sng, ven h,
qua ni i v vng t bazan, c bit l rng nguyn sinh phi iu tra, nh gi tnh
trng st l, xi mn.
Tn sut mc nc l tnh ton i vi DK 35kV tr xung chn 5% (20 nm lp li
mt ln), i vi DK 110kV v 220kV chn 2% (50 nm lp li mt ln) i vi DK
500kV, chn 1% (100 nm lp li mt ln).
Ly mc nc l lch s cao nht nu khng c s liu iu tra c th.
Trng hp phi t ct cc v tr nguy him, phi c bin php bo v mng v ct
(mng c bit, p b, lm k, rnh thot nc, v.v.).
3. Ct ca DK phi c b tr sao cho thun li cho qun l vn hnh v bo dng.
DK in p 110 220kV phi c li i vo c b tr gn tuyn DK v chn ct. DK
500kV phi c ng bo m cho xe c gii c th tip cn n gn tuyn DK.
iu 267. Tnh ton v ct
1.Tt c cc loi ct dng cho DK in p n 1KV ch cn tnh theo ti trng c hc
ng vi ch lm vic bnh thng ca DK dy dn khng b t trong trng hp: p
lc gi ln nht v nhit thp nht.
113

2. Ct DK in p trn 1kV phi c tnh ton vi cc ti trng khi ng dy lm vic

trong ch bnh thng, ch s c v theo cc iu kin kh hu.
Chi tit tnh ton ct xem Ph lc 2.3-14.
iu 268. X v gi
X v gi dy dn, dy chng st ca tt c cc ct phi c kim tra vi ti trng
tng ng theo phng php lp t ghi trong thit k, c tnh n thnh phn lc cng
ca dy no, trng lng ca dy dn, dy chng st v cch in cng nh trng lng
ca ph kin lp t v cng nhn lp t c mang dng c. Nhng ti trng ny c quy
vo v tr lp cch in. Ti trng tiu chun ca ph kin lp t v th lp t c mang
dng c ly nh sau:
- 100daN: ct dng cch in ng;
- 150daN: ct , dng cch in treo n 220kV;
- 200daN: ct no, dng cch in treo n 220kV;
- 250daN: ct 500kV.
iu 269. Dy no
i vi cc ct u c th dng thanh chng hoc dy no tng cng kh nng chu
lc. Dy no, thanh chng khng c lm cn tr vic i li ca ngi v phng tin.
Dy no ca DK phi c ni t chung vi ni t ca ct. Nu dy no khng c
ni t, phi cch ly bng cch in kiu no v lp t cao nh nht l 2,5m t mt
t.
ng sut ca dy no khi t dy dn hoc dy chng st khng c ln hn 70% lc
ko t ca vt liu lm dy no.
iu 270. Lp bin hiu v sn bo hiu
1. Bin hiu ct
Tt c cc ct ca DK phi lp bin hiu v tr d nhn thy. Bin hiu ghi s ct, tn
mch ng dy theo quy nh.
2. Sn bo hiu v n bo hiu
Ct DK c chiu cao 80m tr ln phi c sn bo hiu (bo hiu ban ngy) v c n
bo hiu (bo hiu ban m) bo m an ton cho my bay v tu thuyn ph hp vi
cc quy nh ca Nh nc.
Cc ct phi c sn mu trng v t cao 50 m tr ln.
Cc n cnh bo (n bo hiu) phi c lp trn nh ct trong nhng trng hp sau:
- Ct c chiu cao 80 m tr ln;
- Cc ct cc v tr c bit c chiu cao t 50 m tr ln (ct nm trn nh i, ni cao
hn so vi a hnh khu vc ln cn).
Chi tit sn ct v n hiu trn ct xem Ph lc 2.3-15.
3. Bo v i vi cc phng tin giao thng
Cn phi c bin bo hiu v bin php bo v cc mng v chn ct in nhng v tr
gn ng giao thng, ni giao cho v ch ngot ca ng ph xe c khi va chm.
4. Bo v chng n mn
Ngoi bo v chng n mn cho kt cu ca ng dy theo quy nh chung, phi p
dng cc bin php chng n mn thch hp i vi chn ct kim loi lp vng thng
xuyn ngp nc v lt li.
iu 271. Phn c chn di mt t
Chiu su ca mng v ct chn di mt t phi c tnh ton theo iu kin a hnh,
a cht v tr t ct cng nh c tnh c l ca ct la chn cho ph hp.
114

Khi t ct on tuyn b ngp nc, t c th b xi l, phi c cc bin php chng

xi l.

Mc 2.3-4. DK i qua cc khu vc

iu 272. Yu cu i vi DK i qua khu vc khng c dn c
Khong cch an ton thng ng t dy dn thp nht ca DK, trong ch vn hnh
bnh thng n mt t theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 272: Khong cch thng ng nh nht t dy dn n mt t
in p (kV)
Trn 1 n 35
110
220
500

Khong cch thng ng nh nht (m)

Khu vc phng tin c gii
Khu vc
Khu vc
c th qua li c
kh n
rt kh n
5,5
4,5
2,5
6,0
5,0
3,0
7,0
6,0
4,0
10,0
8,0
6,0

iu 273. Yu cu i vi DK i qua khu vc bn ngoi khu vc phi tng

cng cc bin php an ton
1. Khong cch an ton t dy dn gn nht ca cc DK c in p trn 1kV trng
thi tnh n phn nh ra gn nht ca cc cng trnh phi bo m khong cch
khng c nh hn quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 273-1: Khong cch nh nht t dy dn gn nht ti cc phn nh ra gn
nht ca cc cng trnh
in p (kV)
Trn 1 n 22
35
110
220
500

Khong cch nh nht (m)

2,0 (1,0*)
3,0 (1,5*)
4,0
6,0
7,0

Ghi ch: (*) Cc s trn p dng cho cc dy bc v cp.

2. Khong cch thng ng t im thp nht ca dy dn in ca DK, trong ch
vn hnh bnh thng, khi dy dn in trng thi vng cc i n mt t khng
c nh hn quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 273-2: Khong cch thng ng nh nht t dy dn n mt t trong khu
vc bn ngoi khu vc phi tng cng cc bin php an ton
in p (kV)
T trn 1 n 35
110
220
500

Khong cch thng ng nh nht (m)

6,5
7,0
8,0
14,0

iu 274. Yu cu i vi DK i qua khu vc phi tng cng cc bin php an

ton
1. Khong cch t im thp nht ca dy dn in trng thi vng cc i n mt t
khng nh hn quy nh trong bng sau:

115

Bng 274: Khong cch t dy dn n mt t trong khu vc phi tng cng cc

bin php an ton
in p

Trn 1kV n 35kV

110kV

220kV

500kV

Khong cch (m)

14

15

18

14

2. DK i qua khu vc phi tng cng cc bin php an ton v in v xy dng nh

sau:
a) Ct phi l ct thp hoc b tng ct thp; h s an ton ca ct, x, mng ct khng
nh hn 1,2;
b) Trong mt khong ct, dy dn in khng c php c mi ni, tr dy dn c tit
din t 240mm2 tr ln cho php c mt mi ni cho mt dy. H s an ton ca dy dn
khng c nh hn 2,5;
c) Cch in phi b tr kp cng chng loi v c tnh k thut. Dy dn in, dy
chng st nu mc trn cch in kiu treo phi s dng kha kiu c nh. H s an
ton ca cch in v cc ph kin phi bo m tiu chun theo quy nh hin hnh;
d) Trng hp c bit, khi xy dng, ci to DK in p n 35kV dc theo hnh lang
ng giao thng ng b cc khu dn c, khu cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, khu
ch xut, nu s dng dy bc th cho php khong cch t im thp nht ca dy dn
trng thi vng cc i n mt t khng nh hn 11 m.
iu 275. iu kin tn ti nh v cng trnh trong hnh lang an ton
Nh , cng trnh c tn ti trong hnh lang bo v an ton DK in p n 220kV
nu p ng cc iu kin sau:
1. Mi lp v tng bao (xung quanh khu vc nh , cng trnh) phi lm bng vt liu
khng chy;
2. Khng gy cn tr ng ra vo kim tra, bo dng, thay th cc b phn cng
trnh li in cao p;
3. Khong cch t bt k b phn no ca nh , cng trnh n dy dn in gn nht
khi dy trng thi vng cc i khng nh hn quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 275: Khong cch t dy dn n nh v cng trnh
in p
Khong cch (m)

n 35kV
3,0

n 110kV
4,0

220kV
6,0

4. Cng in trng nh hn 5 kV/m ti im bt k ngoi nh cch mt t 1m v

1kV/m ti im bt k bn trong nh cch mt t hoc mt sn 1m.
5. i vi nh , cng trnh trong hnh lang an ton DK c in p 220kV, ngoi p
ng cc iu kin trn, cc kt cu kim loi ca nh , cng trnh cn phi c ni t
theo quy nh trong Ph lc 1.7-5.

Mc 2.3-5. DK giao cho, i gn hoc i chung ct vi DK khc

iu 276. Yu cu i vi ni giao cho hoc i gn DK khc
1. DK giao cho v i gn DK khc phi c cu trc ph hp tun th theo yu cu v
kiu v v tr ct, dy dn, cch in, khong cch t cc dy dn n ct v cu trc
khc ph thuc vo in p lm vic.
2. Khong cch thng ng nh nht gia cc dy dn hoc gia dy dn v dy chng
st ca nhng DK ti ni giao cho nhau theo quy nh trong bng sau:

116

Bng 276: Khong cch thng ng nh nht gia cc dy dn in hoc gia dy

dn in v dy chng st ti ni giao nhau ca cc DK

Tnh trng giao cho

Cc DK c in p
500kV giao cho vi cc
DK c in p n
500kV
Cc DK c in p
220kV giao cho vi cc
DK c in p n
220kV
Cc DK c in p
110kV giao cho vi cc
DK c in p n
110kV
Cc DK c in n
35kV giao cho vi cc
DK c in p n 35kV

Khong ct
ca DK
pha di
(m)

Khong cch thng ng nh nht (m)

khong cch t ni giao nhau n ct
gn nht ca DK pha di (m)

200
300

30
5,0
5,0

50
5,0
5,0

70
5,0
5,5

100
5,5
6,0

120
6,5

150
7,0

450

5,0

5,5

6,0

7,0

7,5

8,0

n 200
300

4,0
4,0

4,0
4,0

4,0
4,0

4,0
4,5

5,0

5,5

450

4,0

4,0

5,0

6,0

6,5

7,0

n 200

3,0

3,0

3,0

4,0

300

3,0

3,0

4,0

4,5

5,0

n 100

2,0

2,0

150

2,0

2,5

2,5

Ghi ch: Nu nm gia nhng gi tr trn th c th p dng phng php ni suy.

3. Cho php gi li ct ca DK in p n 110kV i di dy dn ca DK vt pha
trn, nu khong cch thng ng nh nht t dy dn ca DK pha trn n nh ct
ca DK pha di ly theo tr s tng ng trong bng trn cng thm 2m.
4. Khi xc nh khong cch gia cc dy dn ca DK giao cho nhau, phi tnh n
kh nng st nh vng vo DK pha di c gii php b sung chng st ph hp.
5. Ch giao cho DK n 220kV phi la chn gn vi ct ca ng dy pha trn,
nhng khong cch ngang t ct ny n dy dn ca ng dy pha di khi dy lch
nhiu nht khng c nh hn 6m, cn t nh ct ca ng dy pha di n dy
dn ca ng dy pha trn khng c nh hn 6m.
i vi ct ca DK 500kV th khong ngang t ct ny n dy dn ca ng dy
pha di khi dy lch nhiu nht khng c nh hn 10m.
iu 277. Khong cch ngang gia cc DK i gn hoc i song song
Khong cch gia cc DK in p trn 1kV i gn nhau v song song vi nhau, khong
cch gia cc dy dn ngoi cng ca cc DK khi dy dn trng thi tnh, khng
c nh hn khong cch ngang ca hnh lang bo v an ton ca DK ; nu cc
DK c in p khc nhau th ly khong cch ngang ca hnh lang bo v an ton ca
DK c in p cao hn.

Mc 2.3-6. DK giao cho vi mng cp ngoi vi vin thng

iu 278. Giao cho vi mng cp ngoi vi vin thng i trn khng
1. DK giao cho vi mng cp ngoi vi vin thng, tt c ng dy phi c cu trc
ph hp, tun th cc yu cu bo m an ton ni giao cho, v tr cc ng dy, ct,
117

dy dn in, cch in, khong cch thng ng t ng dy ti in ti mng cp

ngoi vi vin thng theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 278-1: Khong cch thng ng nh nht cho php t cp vin thng cao
nht n dy in lc thp nht ti im giao cho
in p ca ng dy in lc (kV)

Khong cch thng ng cho php (m)

n 1 dy trn (dy bc)

1,0 (0,6)

n 10

2,0

n 35

3,0

110

3,0

220

4,0

500

5,0

2. Cho php cp vin thng giao cho i trn DK c in p n 1kV, vi iu kin cp

vin thng phi bo m cc quy nh sau:
a) Cp phi c h s an ton c hc ln hn 1,5;
b) V bc cp phi bo m chu c in p ln hn 2 ln in p ca dy in lc;
c) Khong ct thng tin vt cho phi rt ngn, ct 2 u khong vt cho phi
chn vng chc v c gia c.
3. Yu cu v ct cho cc loi cp vin thng i gn DK:
a) Khong cch nm ngang t ct ca cc DK n dy dn ca mng cp ngoi vi vin
thng v khong cch t ct ca cc loi cp vin thng treo di DK n dy dn thp
nht ca DK khng nh hn quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 278-2: Khong cch nh nht gia ct v ng dy ca DK v mng cp
ngoi vi vin thng
M t chi tit khong cch
Khong cch nh nht (m)
Khong cch nm ngang t ct ca cc DK c in
6
p trn 1kV n 220kV n dy dn ca mng cp
ngoi vi vin thng
Khong cch nm ngang t ct ca mng cp ngoi
vi vin thng n dy dn ca DK c in p trn
7
1kV n 220kV.
b) Cp quang non-metalic c i chung ct vi DK n 110kV v ch c treo trn
thn ct.
c) Khng c treo cp vin thng trn ct ca DK in p 500kV, tr cp OPGW.
d) Ct treo cp vin thng i gn DK in p 500kV phi tun th cc iu kin sau y:
- Khong cch t cc u dy cp ca vin thng n dy dn thp nht ca DK in p
500kV khng c nh hn 20m;
- Khong cch hnh chiu trn mt t ca cc ct ca cc loi cp vin thng n dy
dn gn nht ca DK in p 500kV khng phi nh hn 15m.
iu 279. i gn cc cng trnh thng tin, tn hiu
Khi DK in p trn 1kV i gn vi ng TT, TH ngay c khi chn ngm di t,
trm pht thanh truyn hnh, trm pht tn hiu, trung tm thu sng v tuyn c nhiu
118

trm v trm pht thanh truyn hnh a phng, phi bo m khong cch an ton gia
dy dn in vi b phn gn nht ca cc cng trnh nu trn.
Bng 279: Khong cch nh nht t cc DK n ct ng ten ca i pht thanh,
pht hnh
Khong cch nh nht (m)

ng ten pht

Trn 1kV n 110kV

220kV v 500kV

Pht sng di v sng trung

100

100

Pht sng ngn hng chnh

200

300

Pht sng ngn hng thp

v v hng

150

200

Pht sng ngn bn ngoi

hng chnh

50

50

iu 280. Bo v chng cm ng in t v nhiu vng quang

DK c dy trung tnh ni t, giao cho hoc i gn TT, TH phi c bin php bo v
ngn nga cm ng in t v nhiu vng quang nh hng ti cng trnh thng tin, tn
hiu; trong trng hp c bit phi tha thun vi c quan qun l cng trnh thng tin.
Chi tit tnh ton nhiu vng quang xem Ph lc 2.3-16.

Mc 2.3-7. DK giao cho hoc i gn cc cng trnh giao thng

iu 281. DK giao cho hoc i gn ng st
DK in p trn 1kV giao cho hoc i gn ng st phi c cu trc ph hp, tun
th cc yu cu v gc giao cho, gii hn ct v mng, khong cch ti ng st.
Bng 281: Khong cch t DK n cng trnh ng st
in p

Khong cch
an ton phng in (m)
Khong cch thng ng t dy dn
trng thi vng cc i n im
cao nht ca phng tin, cng
trnh giao thng ng st (4,5m);
n im cao nht ca phng tin,
cng trnh giao thng ng st
chy in (7,5m).
- Khong cch t dy dn ngoi
cng trng thi tnh n ranh gii
hnh lang an ton ca ng st.
- Khong cch t mp ngoi cng
ca ct ng dy dn in n
ranh gii hnh lang an ton ca
ng st.

n 35kV

110kV

220kV

500kV

3,0

3,0

4,0

7,5

1,5

2,5

3,5

4,5

119

iu 282. DK giao cho hoc i gn ng t

DK giao cho v i gn ng t phi c cu trc ph hp, tun th theo cc quy nh
v ct, cch in v dy dn c tnh ti cp k thut ca ng. DK giao cho hoc i
gn ng t phi c khong cch an ton theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 282: Khong cch thng ng nh nht t dy dn n mt ng t v
khong cch nm ngang nh nht t ct n ng t theo phn cp k thut v
phn loi khu vc
Khong cch nh nht (m)
M t chi tit khong cch

Trn 1kV

1kV

n 35kV

Khu vc khng
c dn c

5,0

5,5

6,0

7,0

10,0

Khu vc phi
tng cng cc
bin php an
ton

6,0

14,0

15,0

18,0

14,0

Bn ngoi khu
vc phi tng
cng cc bin
php an ton

6,0

7,0

7,0

8,0

10,0

Khong cch thng ng t dy dn

in trong trng hp s c (dy dn
khong ct lin k c tit din nh hn
185mm2 b t) n mt ng t

5,0

5,0

5,0

5,5

10,0

Khong cch nm ngang t dy dn in

trng thi tnh n mp ng loi I, II

1,0

2,0

4,0

5,0

10,0

Khong cch nm ngang t dy dn in

trng thi tnh n mp ng loi III
n V

1,0

1,5

2,5

2,5

6,0

Khong cch t chn ct ca ng dy

dn in n mp ng loi I, II

1,0

3,0

5,0

6,0

10,0

Khong cch t chn ct ca ng dy

dn in n mp ng t loi III n V

1,0

2,0

3,0

4,0

6,0

Khong cch thng

ng t im thp
nht ca dy dn ti
im giao cho khi
dy dn trng thi
vng cc i n b
mt ng t

110kV 220kV 500kV

Khong cch t chn ct ca ng dy dn in n mp ng trong khu vc cht

hp, nu phi b tr nh hn khong cch nu trn th phi c s tha thun ca c
quan qun l giao thng c thm quyn.

120

iu 283. DK i gn sn bay
DK in p trn 1kV i gn sn bay phi c cu trc ph hp v c s tha thun vi
c quan qun l hng khng nu chiu cao ct ca DK cao hn mc quy nh v
khong cch t DK n sn bay.
Bng 283: iu kin ct cn c tha thun ca c quan qun l hng khng
Khong cch t DK n ng ranh
gii ca sn bay (km)
n 10
T hn 10 n 30
T hn 30 n 75

Chiu cao ca ct
Ct c chiu n nh ct cao hn 30m
Ct c chiu cao tuyt i n nh ct
bng hoc cao hn chiu cao tuyt i
ca sn bay cng thm 50m
Ct c chiu cao n nh ct 100m hoc
cao hn

Mc 2.3-8. DK giao cho vi ng cp treo, ng ng

iu 284. Giao cho hoc i gn ng cp treo vn ti hoc ng ng kim loi
DK in p trn 1kV giao cho hoc i gn ng cp vn chuyn trn khng v
ng ng kim loi t ni phi bo m khong cch theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 284: Khong cch nh nht t dy dn c in p n 500kV n ng cp
vn chuyn trn khng v ng ng
M t khong cch
Khong cch t dy dn in ca DK
giao cho hoc i gn n mp ngoi
cng ca phng tin trn ng cp
vn chuyn trn khng v ng ng

in p (kV)

Khong cch
nh nht (m)

Trn 1 n 22

35,110

220

500

6,5

iu 285. Giao cho hoc i gn ng ng ng kh, du v sn phm du kh

1. DK in p trn 1kV giao cho hoc i gn ng ng kh, du v sn phm du kh,
van x kh phi bo m khong cch an ton theo quy nh cho cng trnh du kh.
2. Khong cch t mng hoc phn ni t gn nht ca DK c in p trn 1kV i
ngang qua hoc i gn ng ng hi nc, du hoc cc sn phm du kh, v tr lp
t cc mi hn phi bo m khong cch an ton theo p sut ca ng ng.
Bng 285: Khong cch nh nht t cnh ca mng hoc phn gn nht ni t
ca DK n ng ng dn hi nc, du hoc cc sn phm du kh
p sut ca ng ng
(MPa)
n 1,2
Trn 1,2

in p (kV)

Khong cch nh nht (m)

Trn 1 n 35
110, 220, 500
Trn 1 n 35
110, 220
500

5
10
5
10
15

121

iu 286. i gn ngn la t du, kh

DK i gn ngn la t du, kh khong cch an ton nh nht t DK in p trn 1kV
n ngn la phi bo m khng nh hn 60m.
iu 287. i gn cng trnh cha cht d chy, n
DK in p trn 1kV i gn nh v cng trnh c cha cht chy, n, phi c kt cu
ph hp v phi c khong cch an ton theo quy nh ca c quan phng chy cha
chy.

Mc 2.3-9. DK i qua khu vc c nc

iu 288. Giao cho vi khu vc c nc
1. DK c in p trn 1kV vt qua khu vc c nc, ni tu, thuyn, phng tin giao
thng qua li bnh thng hoc khu vc m vo ma l lt, nc trn vo, cc phng
tin giao thng vn hot ng bnh thng th khong cch an ton in thng ng nh
nht t dy dn in di cng khi vng ln nht n im cao nht ca phng tin
giao thng ng thy ni a phi tun th cc khong cch c quy nh trong bng
sau:
Bng 288-1: Khong cch an ton in thng ng nh nht n im cao nht ca
phng tin giao thng ng thy ni a
in p

n 35kV

110kV 220kV

500kV

Khong cch an ton in n im

cao nht ca phng tin giao thng

1,5

2,0

3,0

4,5

ng thu ni a (m)
2. DK c in p trn 1kV vt qua khu vc khng c tu thuyn qua li phi bo m
theo quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 288-2: Khong cch thng ng nh nht t dy dn in di cng khi
vng ln nht n mt nc ni khng c tu, thuyn qua li
Khong cch nh nht (m)

c im ca khu vc giao nhau

n 35kV

- n mc nc ngp ng cao nht hoc ngp

lt hng nm trn ng rung.
- n mc nc cao nht ca sng, sui, h,
knh, lch

5,5

110kV 220kV

6,0

7,0

500kV

8,0

iu 289. B tr tn hiu v du hiu cho DK trong vng c nc

Ch DK in p trn 1kV giao cho qua sng, knh, v.v. ni c tu thuyn qua li, phi
b tr tn hiu v du hiu ph hp c hai bn b.
iu 290. Giao cho vi p v
DK in p trn 1kV giao cho vi p, , khong cch t dy dn in n b phn
ca hoc p phi bo m khong cch an ton theo quy nh trong bng sau:

122

Bng 290: Khong cc nh nht t dy dn n mt hoc p

Khong cch nh nht (m)
M t chi tit khong cch

Trn 1kV
n 110kV

220kV

500kV

Khong cch t dy dn n mt

10

Khong cch t dy dn n b

Khong cch t dy dn n mt p trn

DK i qua , p dng lm ng giao thng th phi thc hin theo quy nh tng
ng i vi DK giao cho hoc i gn ng t.
Ct ca DK nm trong hnh lang bo v ca , p phi c s tha thun ca c quan
qun l , p.
iu 291. DK i qua cu
Khong cch nh nht t dy dn in ca DK n b mt ng ca cu theo quy
nh trong Bng 281, Bng 282. Khong cch an ton phng in n kt cu ca cu
theo quy nh trong Bng 19-5.
iu 292. Khong cch DK i kt hp trn cu
Khong cch nh nht t dy dn in ca DK c in p trn 1kV i kt hp trn cu,
n cc b phn ca cu phi c la chn theo quy nh cho khong cch an ton v
in, khong cch an ton v lu thng v phi c s tha thun ca c quan qun l
giao thng vn ti.

123

PHN 3
YU CU K THUT I VI TRANG B PHN PHI (TBPP)
V TRM BIN P (TBA)
CHNG 3-1 YU CU K THUT I VI TBPP IN P N 1KV

Mc 3.1-1. Yu cu chung
iu 293. Yu cu chung
1. Phi la chn dy dn, thanh ci, thit b in v cc kt cu theo iu kin lm vic
bnh thng (in p v dng in lm vic, cp chnh xc, v.v.) v khi ngn mch (tc
ng nhit v in, cng sut ct gii hn, v.v.).
Phi b tr cc mch ca thit b sao cho c th phn bit c r rng mch xoay chiu,
mt chiu, mch c mc in p khc nhau, v.v.
V tr tng ng gia cc pha v cc cc trong mt h thng phn phi phi c b tr
ging nhau.
2. T bng phn phi phi ghi r nhim v ca tng mch v tng bng. Ni dung ghi phi
t mt trc hoc mt trong ca t bng in. Trng hp vn hnh c hai mt, ni
dung phi ghi c mt sau.
3. Tt c cc b phn kim loi ca TBPP phi c sn, m hay ph lp chng n
mn.Thanh ci phi sn ng mu v nh s theo quy nh trong Ph lc 1.2-1.

Mc 3.1-2. Lp t trang b in in p n 1kV

iu 294. Lp t an ton trang b in
Trang b in phi c b tr sao cho khng c tia la hay h quang in gy nguy him
cho nhn vin vn hnh, gy chy hoc h hng thit b ln cn dn n ngn mch gia
cc pha v gia pha vi t trong qu trnh vn hnh.
Thit b ng ct in thng c b tr sao cho phn ng ca thit b ng ct khng
mang in sau khi ngt in.
iu 295. Thit b ng ct iu khin trc tip bng tay
Thit b ng ct thao tc trc tip bng tay (khng c b truyn ng) dng ng ct
dng in ph ti v c cc tip im hng v pha ngi thao tc, phi t trong hp
kn lm bng vt liu khng chy.
Nu thit b ng ct ch dng cch ly in th c php t h vi iu kin l ngi
khng c nhim v khng th tip cn c.
Trn v v b truyn ng ca thit b ng ct phi c k hiu ch r v tr ng hoc
ct.

Mc 3.1-3. T bng phn phi in in p n 1kV

iu 296. Khong trng nh nht trong khng kh ca dy dn trn
Khong trng gia cc phn dn in khng bc cch in c lp c nh vi cc cc
tnh khc nhau, cng nh gia chng vi cc b phn bng kim loi khng mang in
khng bc cch in phi bo m khng nh hn 20mm theo b mt ca vt cch in
v 12mm trong khng kh.
T cc b phn mang in khng bc cch in n cc ro chn phi bo m khong
cch khng nh hn 100mm vi ro bng li v 40mm vi ro bng tm kn c th tho
g c.
124

iu 297. Nhng yu cu lp t cp trong t in

Cc t in c lp t nhng a im kh, cc dy dn c cch in ln hn 660V
c th t trn b mt kim loi c lp bo v chng n mn v c t lin k.
Khi lp t ng cp nhiu lp, dng in cho php ca cp s gim do nh hng ca
cm ng chung gia cc cp.
H s iu chnh dng in cho php ca cp xem Ph lc 3.1-1.
iu 298. Thit b iu khin, o lng
Cc thit b iu khin, o lng phi tha mn vi cc yu cu theo quy nh trong phn
iu khin, o lng.
CHNG 3-2 YU CU K THUT I VI TBPP V TBA IN P TRN 1KV
iu 299. Phm vi p dng
Phn ny p dng cho trang b phn phi (TBPP) v trm bin p (TBA) c nh, in p
xoay chiu trn 1kV n 500kV; khng p dng cho TBPP v TBA chuyn dng c
quy nh theo cc iu kin k thut c bit v cc trang b in di ng.
Trang b phn phi cch in kh (GIS) thc hin theo yu cu ca nh ch to v c
quan thit k.
iu 300. Yu cu chung
1. Yu cu la chn
a) Phi la chn dy dn, thanh ci, thit b in v cc kt cu theo iu kin lm vic
bnh thng (in p v dng in lm vic, cp chnh xc, v.v.) v khi ngn mch (tc
ng nhit v in, cng sut ct gii hn, v.v.);
b) Chn my ct ph hp vi in p s dng, dng in ti, kh nng ct, kh nng ng
v cc iu kin mi trng lp t;
Chi tit yu cu k thut la chn my ct xem Ph lc 3.2-1.
c) Chn cu chy phi theo in p s dng, kh nng ct, xem xt n nh nhit v cc
iu kin mi trng lp t.
Chi tit yu cu k thut la chn cu chy xem Ph lc 3.2-2.
2. Thit b in, cc phn dn in, cch in, ph kin kp gi, ro chn, cc kt cu chu
lc, khong cch cch in v khong cch khc phi c la chn v lp t sao cho:
a) Trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng, cc lc tnh v ng, pht nng, h quang in
v cc hin tng khc (nh la, sinh kh, v.v.) khng gy h hng thit b, kt cu kin
trc v gy ngn mch gia cc pha hoc gia pha vi t v khng gy nguy him cho
ngi;
b)Trong iu kin lm vic khng bnh thng phi c kh nng hn ch nhng h hng
do hin tng ngn mch gy ra;
c) Khi ct in mt mch in bt k, cc thit b in, phn dn in v kt cu thuc
mch y, c th kim tra, thay th v sa cha mt cch an ton m khng nh hng
n ch lm vic bnh thng ca cc mch in ln cn;
d) Bo m kh nng vn chuyn d dng v an ton cc thit b trong trm.
3. Khi la chn cc thit b in, phn dn in, cch in, phi xt theo iu kin n nh
ng, n nh nhit, cn i vi my ct phi xt thm kh nng ng ct v phi tun theo
cc quy nh nu trong Quy chun k thut ny.

125

4. Kt cu lp t thit b in phi chu c lc tc ng do trng lng thit b, do

gi trong iu kin bnh thng cng nh lc tc ng pht sinh khi thao tc, ngn mch
v ma to, bo.
Kt cu xy dng gn cc phn dn in m ngi c th chm ti, khng c nng
qu 50oC. Khng cn kim tra nng cc kt cu gn cc phn dn in c dng in
xoay chiu danh nh 1kA tr xung.
5. Khi b tr TBPP v TBA ni mi trng c th gy tc hi cho thit b v thanh dn
hoc lm gim mc cch in th phi c bin php bo m thit b lm vic tin cy v an
ton nh:
- Dng cch in tng cng;
- Dng thanh dn bng vt liu chu c nh hng ca mi trng hoc dng sn bo
v;
- B tr trnh hng gi gy tc hi;
- Dng s n gin;
- Dng TBPP v TBA kiu kn hoc trm GIS;
- Chng bi, cc cht kh c hi v hi nc lt vo khu vc lp t TBPP.
6. K hiu pha ca thit b in, thanh dn ca TBPP v TBA phi sn mu ph hp vi
nhng quy nh nu trong Ph lc 1.2-1.
MBA, cun khng, t in v cc thit b in khc t ngoi tri phi sn mu sng
gim nhit do bc x mt tri trc tip gy ra. Sn phi chu c tc ng ca kh
quyn v du.
7. TBPP v TBA phi c chiu sng bng in. Ngun in chiu sng s c c s
dng ngun in mt chiu ca trm. Thit b chiu sng phi c b tr sao cho bo m
vic qun l vn hnh an ton v thun li.
Yu cu v cng chiu sng ca v tr lp t xem Ph lc 3.2-3.
8. TBPP v TBA phi c trang b thng tin lin lc ph hp vi yu cu vn hnh h
thng.
9. Phi th nghim in p chu ng ca thit b theo cc iu kin c quy nh
cch in ph hp vi in p chu ng nh mc.
10. Vic ni t phi c thc hin theo quy nh. Cc TBPP cn c ch c th lp ni
t di ng.
11. Cc TBPP phi c b tr v lp t sao cho nhng chn ng pht sinh khi thit b
hot ng, k c s rung lc do tc ng t lc bn ngoi, khng lm h hng cc mi
ni tip xc, khng gy ra s nhiu lon v s lm vic bt bnh thng ca thit b.
12. Trong cc khu vc c cng nhn khng c kinh nghim v in i vo, tt c nhng
b phn mang in phi c ro chn an ton v treo bin cnh bo.
13. Phi b tr tng mt bng ca TBPP, TBA sao cho khng b ngp lt, st l, v.v. theo
cc quy nh v xy dng hin hnh.
14. i vi TBPP v TBA b tr khu dn c v cng trnh cng nghip phi c bin php
gim ting n do thit b in (my bin p, my b ng b, v.v.) gy ra theo theo mc
quy nh trong iu 22.
15. Khu vc TBPP v TBA ngoi tri phi c ro chn bn ngoi cao t nht 2,0m. Ro
chn ni b trong trm cao 1,8m.
Ro chn c th l loi kn, loi h, hoc loi li.
16. Ti TBPP, v TBA c thit b c du (tr TBA trn ct) phi c h thng thu gom
du theo quy nh trong iu 24.
17. TBPP v TBA c ngi trc thng xuyn phi c nc sinh hot, ch v sinh v
nh trc ca.
126

Mc 3.2-1. Trang b phn phi in ngoi tri

iu 301. Lp t ngoi tri
Khi lp t cc TBPP ngoi tri cn phi tun theo cc yu cu sau y:
1. Thit b cn phi c b tr trn mt nn phng cao t nht l 0,3m so vi nn, v
t nht l 0,5m i vi t bng in.
2. Trong cc t in, nu c yu cu, phi b tr sy ti ch bo m s hot ng
bnh thng ca cc thit b, r le, kh c o lng v o m in nng.
iu 302. Giao cho ca cc h thanh dn
Trong mt khong ct, h thanh dn khng c php vt bn trn hai hoc nhiu h
thanh dn khc.
iu 303. Ni r nhnh gia khong ct
Phi s dng dy dn mm ni r nhnh gia cc khong ct. Mi ni dy lo ct,
mi ni r nhnh trong khong ct, mi ni vi cc u kp dy dn ti thit b thc hin
bng cch p, hn chy hoc kp bt bulng.
Khi ni r nhnh, khng c ct dy dn chnh trong khong ct.
iu 304. Tnh ton dy dn in v kt cu
Ti trng gi v nhit khng kh tc ng ln dy dn, thanh dn v kt cu c xc
nh theo tnh ton nu trong Ph lc 2.3-9.
iu 305. H s an ton
1. Thanh dn mm
H s an ton c hc (so vi ng sut ko t tm thi) i vi cc thanh dn mm, khi
c lc tc ng khng c nh hn 3.
2. cch in treo
H s an ton c hc (so vi ti trng ph hy cho php) i vi cch in treo khng
c nh hn 4.
3. Thanh dn cng
Lc c hc tnh ton truyn t thanh dn cng ln cch in ng, phi tnh ton da
trn theo quy nh nu trong iu 240, Ph lc 2.3-7 v Ph lc 2.3-11.
4. Ph kin thanh dn mm
H s an ton c hc (so vi ti trng ph hy cho php) i vi ph kin lp cu
thanh dn mm khng c nh hn 3.
iu 306. Vt liu ch to ct
Ct ca TBPP ngoi tri ch to bng b tng ct thp hoc bng thp kiu thp hoc
kiu ng. Ct thp phi c bo v chng n mn v ct b tng ct thp khng c
nt, v.
iu 307. La chn vt cch in
1. Cch in kiu v treo ca trm phi chn theo tiu chun ng r b mt cch
in ca vng kh hu xy dng cng trnh, theo in p dy hiu dng ln nht khi vn
hnh v theo tnh ton nu trong Ph lc 2.3-13.
i vi cch in treo trong trm c tng cng cch in so vi tnh ton nu trn:
- Thm 01 bt i vi trm 220kV tr xung;
- Thm 02 bt cho chui v 03 bt cho chui no i vi trm 500kV;
- Thm 02 bt ca chui u vi DK 35kV c dy chng st nhng khng ko vo trm.
127

2. Cch in u vo v cch in thanh dn h ngoi tri ca my pht in in p

u cc 6kV v 10kV phi chn 20kV; 13,8-24kV phi chn 35kV. Khi b tr cc vt cch
in k trn trong vng c khng kh nhim bn, th vic chn tiu chun ng r b
mt phi tnh n mc nhim bn.
iu 308. Khong trng cch in nh nht trong khng kh ca cc trang thit b
phn phi v trm bin p trong nh v ngoi tri

Hnh 308: Khong trng cch in nh nht (N) gia cc phn mang in v gia
cc phn mang in vi t i vi thanh ci cng
Khong trng cch in nh nht trong khng kh (N) ca cc trang thit b phn phi v
trm bin p ngoi tri v trong nh cao n 1000m trn mc nc bin, gia cc
phn mang in v gia cc phn mang in vi t phi ln hn hoc bng khong
trng cch in nh nht c quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 308-1: Cc gi tr ca cc mc cch in c bn v khong trng nh nht
trong khng kh
in p
danh nh
ca h
thng

in p
cao nht
i vi
thit b

kV

kV

7,2

10

12

15

17,5

22

24

35

38,5

in p chu
in p chu ng Khong trng nh nht
tn s
xung st nh mc *1) gia pha-t (p-) v
cng nghip
(Mc cch in
gia pha-pha (p-p)
2)
ngn hn*
c bn - BIL)
Trong nh Ngoi tri
1,2/50s
kV
kV
mm
mm
40
60
120
20
*3)
*3)
60
90
120*3)
75
120
150
28
*3)
*3)
95
160
160*3)
75
120
160
38
*3)
*3)
95
160
160*3)
220
125
50
330
*3)
145
270*3)
180
75
320
400
195*3)

40,5

80

110

123

230

220

245

395
460*3)

190
450
550*3)
950
1050*3)

128

350

440
900
1100*3)
1900
2100*3)

Ghi ch:

(*1) Xung st nh mc p dng cho pha-pha v pha-t

(*2) 48Hz tn s cng nghip 52Hz, thi gian = 60giy
(*3) p dng cho thit b pha DK

- Khong trng nh nht (p-, p-p) c xc nh t in p chu ng xung st nh mc

(Mc cch in c bn - BIL);
- i vi cc thit b trong nh v trong cc t in khng bo m tr s khong trng
nu trong bng trn (nh tng cng cch in, i mi cng ngh) th thit b cn phi
c th nghim theo gi tr in p chu ng xung st nh mc cao hn 1 cp. (V d:
nu thit b 22kV yu cu c gi tr in p chu ng xung st nh mc l 125kV, tng
ng vi khong trng cch in l 220mm, nhng thit b ch to nh hn 220mm th
thit b phi c th theo gi tr in p chu ng xung st nh mc bng 145kV);
- Nu c b chng st vi tnh nng ph hp th gi tr in p chu ng xung st nh
mc v khong trng ca thit b c th chn mc thp hn tng ng. (V d: trong h
thng in in p 15kV trong nh nu c b chng st vi tnh nng ct st ph hp vi
gi tr in p chu ng xung st nh mc l 75kV th c th chn khong trng tng
ng nh nht l 120mm);
- i vi thit b c lp t cao trn 1000m trn mc nc bin, th cc khong
trng nh nht ca N phi tng thm 1,4% cho mi 100m tng cao trn cao 1000m.
Bng 308-2: Cc gi tr ca mc cch in nh mc v khong trng nh nht
trong khng kh cho in p 500kV
Khong trng nh

Khong trng

ng ct danh nh

nht gia pha-t

nh nht

(Gi tr nh)

(Np-)

gia pha-pha

in p in p chu xung

in

in

in

chu

danh

cao

chu

ng

nh

nht

tn s

xung st

ca

cng

nh

vi

nghip

mc *1)

thng

thit

ngn

Gi tr

hn *2)

nh

Pha

Pha

Dy dn

Thanh

Dy dn

Thanh

dn

dn

pha

cu trc

dy dn

cng

cu trc

song

dy

trnh

cng trnh

song

dn

1,2/50s

kV

kV

kV

kV

500

550

680

1550

710*3)

1800*3)

(Np-p)

250/2500s

kV

mm

1175

1763

1300*3) 2210*3)

mm

3100

4100

4200

5000

3600*3)

4800*3)

6100*3)

7400*3)

Ghi ch: (*1) Xung st nh mc p dng cho pha-pha v pha-t

(*2) 48Hz tn s in 52Hz, thi gian = 60giy
(*3) p dng cho thit b pha DK

129

Bng 308-3: Khong trng nh nht gia cc phn mang in v cc phn khc
ca thit b phn phi in ngoi tri
Hnh v
s:
308

310

311

311
312

312
313

Khong cch
Pha-t
Pha-pha
T phn mang in n
mp trong hng ro ni b:
Ro kn, cao 1,8m
Ro li, cao 1,8m
T phn mang in n
nh hng ro quanh trm:
Ro kn, cao 2,0m
Ro li,cao 2,0m
T phn mang in n
mt bng ch c ng
t trong trm
T phn mang in n
mt bng trong khu vc
i li
Khong trng sa cha
mch ny khng phi ct
in mch kia
Khong trng gia khung
vn chuyn v thit b

K
hiu

Khong trng cch in nh nht (mm)

theo in p danh nh (kV)
n 15
22
35
110
220
500

Np-
Np-p

160

330

400

1100

2100

(*1)

B1
B2,3

160
240

270
350

400
480

1100
1200

2100
2200

4100
4200

C
E

1160
1660

1270
1770

1400
1900

2100
2600

3100
3600

5100
5600

4300

4300

4300

6000

6600

8600

2500

2520

2650

3350

4350

6350

Dv

1160

1270

1400

2100

4100

6100

500

500

500

1200

2200

4200

Ghi ch: (*1) Khong trng nh nht theo quy nh trong Bng 308-2
iu 309.Khong trng nh nht trong cc iu kin ring bit:
- Khong trng nh nht gia cc phn mang in m chng c th chu tnh trng i
pha th phi ly 20 % cao hn cc gi tr cho trong Bng 308-1 v Bng 308-2;
- Nu cc dy dn b dch chuyn do nh hng ca cc lc ngn mch th khong trng
nh nht vn phi t nht bng 50 % gi tr cho trong Bng 308-1 v Bng 308-2;
- Nu cc dy dn b dch chuyn do nh hng ca gi, trong trng hp bt li nht,
phi duy tr khong trng nh nht t nht bng 75 % gi tr cho trong Bng 308-1 v Bng
308-2;
- i vi h thng s dng h dn in mm, khong trng nh nht gia cc phn mang
in ca cc pha v gia cc phn mang in vi t gi l Nm ( in p U220kV) s
khng c nh hn Nm = N + a.
Trong :
a = f sin x;
f = vng ca dy dn nhit trung bnh tnh ton nm l 25oC (m);
x = arctang (P/Q);
Q = trng lng ca 1m dy dn (N/m);
P = lc gi trn 1m dy dn (N/m), trong vn tc gi c chn bng 60% gi tr s
130

dng trong tnh ton cng trnh.

i vi in p 500kV, khi dng thanh ci mm, khong trng pha-pha v pha-t l:
Nm(p-p) = N(p-p)+a v Nm(p-) = N(p-)+a.

Hnh 309: Khong trng nh nht gia cc phn mang in ca cc pha v gia
cc phn mang in vi t trong trng hp s dng h dn in mm
- Trong trng hp nt v mt mt xch trong mt chui s c nhiu s cch in, th
phi duy tr chiu di dng r nh nht 75% theo t l khong trng cho trong Bng 308-1
v Bng 308-2;
- Yu cu cch in ca im trung tnh c xc nh theo phng php ni t im
trung tnh s dng. Nu im trung tnh khng c ni t hiu qu trong cng trnh
c cp in qua my bin p t ngu, th mc cch in ca pha in p thp phi
ly theo mc cch in ca pha cao p.
iu 310. Cc khong trng ti ro chn bo v
Khong trng nh nht gia cc phn mang in n ro chn bo v:
- i vi ro chn kn, c chiu cao nh nht l 1800 mm, th khong trng bo v l
B1 = N;
- i vi thit b Um ln hn 35kV, ro chn bng li hoc tng cng c cc m, c
chiu cao ti thiu l 1800mm th khong trng bo v nh nht l B2 = N + 100mm;
- i vi thit b Um n 35kV, ro chn bng li hoc tng cng c cc m, c
chiu cao ti thiu l 1800 mm th khong trng bo v nh nht l
B3 = N + 80 mm.

Hnh 310: Bo v chng tip xc trc tip vi phn mang in bng ro chn:
iu 311. Chiu cao nh nht trn khu vc gn hng ro TBA
1.Khong cch t nh hng ro c chiu cao nh nht l 2000mm ca PNT n phn
131

mang in trong trm:

- Hng ro kn: C = N + 1000mm;
- Hng ro li si st/li mt co: E = N + 1500mm.
L m ln nht ca li si st/li mt co khng vt qu 50mm.
2. Chiu cao nh nht gia cc phn mang in pha trn mt ng t trong trm phi
bo m nh sau:
- H' = 4300mm i vi in p nh mc Um n 35kV;
- H' = N + 4500mm (nh nht 6000mm) i vi in p nh mc Um trn 35kV, H' c
tnh vi vng ln nht ca dy dn.

N: Khong trng nh nht (mm)

H: Khong trng nh nht gia
phn mang in v mt bng i li
trong trm (mm)
H: Nu khong trng ny nh hn
2500mm th phi c ro chn
a: Nu khong trng ny nh hn
2250 mm th phi c ro chn

Hnh 311: Khong trng gii hn v chiu cao nh nht hng ro/tng trm
iu 312. Cc tuyn vn chuyn
- Trong khu vc b tr thit b ca cc h thng phn phi in ngoi tri v cc trm bin
p phi xy dng cc tuyn ng vn chuyn, lp rp, sa cha v kim tra cc
thit b phn phi in in p n 500kV.
- Chiu rng nh nht ca ng vn chuyn l 3,5m.
Chiu rng ca ng ch dng cha chy c th gim n 3,0m.
- Khung vn chuyn ti thiu ca ng trong trm c chiu rng l 4,0m v chiu cao l
4,30m. Khong cch t phn mang in n khung vn chuyn l T = N+100mm (nh
nht l 500mm).
- Cc phn mang in bn trn khu vc c th i li c phi bo m chiu cao nh
nht l H. i vi cc phn mang in khng c phng tin bo v, chiu cao nh nht
H = N + 2250mm (nh nht l 2500mm) n mt nn. Chiu cao H c tnh vi vng
ln nht ca dy dn.

Hnh 312: Khong cch tip cn nh nht n khung vn chuyn

132

iu 313. Khong cch gn vi ta nh

Hnh 313: Khong cch gn vi ta nh

133

Khong cch gn vi ta nh
nhng v tr dy dn trn i qua ta nh nm bn trong TBA, khong cch t dy dn
c vng ln nht n mi v n tng nh phi bo m nh sau: (xem hnh 313)
- H: Khong cch i vi mi c th tip cn khi dy dn mang in;
- N + 500 mm: i vi mi khng th tip cn khi dy dn mang in;
- Dv: khong cch t phn mang in n tng ngoi c ca s khng c li bo v;
- B2: khong cch t phn mang in n tng ngoi c ca s c li bo v;
- N: khong cch t phn mang in n tng khng c ca s;
- O2 N+300mm (nh nht l 600mm): theo chiu ngang, tnh t mp mi nh m ngi
c th tip cp c n phn mang in.
iu 314. Khong trng lm vic nh nht
1. Chiu cao nh nht trn khu vc tip cn
- H: Chiu cao nh nht gia cc phn mang in pha trn mt bng hoc nn, ni ch
cho php ngi i b tip cn:
- Phn thp nht ca cch in, mp di cng ca cch in, khng c nh hn
2250mm n mt nn.
2. N: Khong trng nh nht (Xem Bng 308-3);
3. Dv: Khu vc lm vic nh nht i vi nhng ngi lnh ngh, c hun luyn v
c trang b nhng thit b bo h chuyn dng.
Khi cc mch c cc in p khc nhau, p dng gi tr (Dv) ca mch c in p cao
hn.
Dv = N + 1000mm cho Un 110kV;
Dv = N + 2000mm cho Un > 110kV;
4. DL - Vng nguy him: Khu vc gii hn nh nht xung quanh cc phn mang in
khng c bo v trnh tip xc trc tip.
5. Dv-N: Khu vc lm vic an ton i vi cc hot ng bnh thng.
6. Un: in p nh mc ca h thng;

Hnh 314: Chiu cao nh nht v khong cch lm vic nh nht

iu 315. Khong trng phng chng chy ca trm bin p ngoi tri
Cc trm bin p ngoi tri phi thc hin cc bin php phng chng chy theo quy
nh phng chy cha chy hin hnh, ngoi ra cn phi c thit k ngn chy lan
sang nhng thit b khc v cng trnh khc trong trng hp c chy.
134

1. Khong trng t nh phn phi in n cc nh sn xut khc ca nh my in v

TBA khng c nh hn 7m. Nu tng nh trc din ca cc cng trnh c mc
chu la khng nh hn 2,5 gi th c th khng p dng khong trng nu trn.
2. Khong trng nh nht t MBA n nh phn phi in, nh sn xut ca nh my
in v trm bin p theo quy nh trong Bng 315. Nu tng ca ta nh phn phi,
nh sn xut c mc chu la khng nh hn 1,5 gi c th gim khong trng xung
nh hn khong trng G, nhng khong trng gia MBA vi tng nh khng nh hn
1,25m v theo yu cu nu trong Hnh 315-1:

a: Cc bc tng trong khu vc

tip theo trnh la ly lan
G: Theo Bng 314
(Khong trng nh nht)

Hnh 315-1: Khong trng chng chy gia my bin p v to nh

3. Khong trng nh nht gia cc my bin p ngoi tri:
- Khong trng nh nht gia cc my bin p du ngoi tri c cng sut ln hn 1MVA
v gia my bin p vi cc cng trnh (nh cc ta nh, v.v.) phi l gi tr G theo quy
nh trong Bng 315.
- i vi cc MBA n 1MVA t ngoi tri, khong trng G khng c nh hn 1,25m.
Bng 315: Khong trng nh nht i vi my bin p ngoi tri
Cng sut danh nh
(MVA)
T hn 1 n 10
T hn 10 n 40
T hn 40 n 200
Trn 200

Khong trng nh nht G n

Cc my bin p khc
B mt ca ta nh c th
hoc b mt ca ta nh
chy c (m)
khng chy (m)
3
7,6
5
10
10
20
15,2
30,5

- Nu khong trng gia cc my bin p nh hn gi tr G th phi b tr tng chng

chy c mc chu la khng nh hn 60 pht, chiu rng bng hoc ln hn chiu rng
ca h thu du ca MBA ln hn, chiu cao bng hoc cao hn chiu cao ca MBA cao
hn theo quy nh trong Hnh 315-2:
135

Nu H1 > H2 th H H1

Nu B2 > B1 th L B2

Hnh 315-2: Khong trng chng chy gia cc my bin p

iu 316. H thng phng chy, cha chy ca trm bin p
1. Trm bin p ngoi tri in p 110kV c my bin p dung lng 63MVA/my, cc
trm bin p 220kV, 500kV khng ph thuc dung lng th phi trang b h thng t
ng bo chy, cha chy bng hp cht cha chy chuyn dng.
2. Trm bin p c MBA cch in bng du dung lng trn 1MVA ca cc cp in p
khuyn khch s dng h thng t ng bo chy, t ng phng chng chy n trc tip
v cha chy bng hp cht cha chy chuyn dng.

Mc 3.2-2. Trang b phn phi in trong nh (PTN)

iu 317. Hnh lang vn chuyn
Trong cc khu vc vn hnh thit b in b tr trong nh, li i ca phng tin vn
chuyn hoc cc thit b di ng bn di hoc gn cc phn mang in (khng c
cc bin php bo v) phi tha mn nhng iu kin sau:
Khong trng nh nht t phn mang in n phn nh ra gn nht ca thit b trn
phng tin vn chuyn l T = N + 100 (nh nht l 500 mm);
Cc phn mang in bn trn khu vc c th i li c phi bo m chiu cao nh
nht l H.

Hnh 317: Khong trng tip cn nh nht n phn vn chuyn

136

iu 318. Khong trng nh nht trong khng kh ca cc thit b ca trm bin p

trong nh
Khong trng nh nht trong khng kh ca cc thit b ca trm bin p trong nh phi
tha mn nhng yu cu quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 318: Khong cch nh nht i vi cc thit b ca trm bin p trong nh
Hnh
308

321-1

Ghi ch
Pha-t
Pha-pha
T phn mang
in n ro
chn kn

T phn mang
321-1 in n ro
chn li
Gia cc phn
mang in
321-1 khng ro chn
ca cc mch
khc nhau
T phn mang
in khng ro
321-2
chn ti sn
nh

Khong trng cch in nh nht (mm)

theo in p danh nh (kV)

K hiu
6

10

15

22

35

110

220

Np-
Np-p

60

120

120

220

320

900

1900

B
(Np-)

60

120

120

220

320

900

1900

140

200

200

300

400

1000

2000

2000

2000

2000

2200 2200

2900

3800

2500

2500

2500

2520 2570

3350

4350

C
(B+80/100)

E
(N+2250)
( 2500min)

T m v li
dao cch ly
321-1 v tr ct n
dy ni vo m
kia

F
(Np-)

90

160

160

270

320

1100

2100

T u ra
khng ro
chn ca nh
TBPP n t
321-2 khng thuc
a phn TBPP
ngoi tri v
khng c
ng i

4300

4300

4300

4300 4300

6000

6600

Ghi ch: Khong trng H, T, Dv theo Bng 308-3

137

- D: khong trng nh nht

gia cc mch khc nhau
khng c ro chn bo v
L = theo iu 324

Ro
chn
li

- F: khong cch t m v
li dao cch ly v tr ct
n dy ni vo m kia

Ro
chn
kn

- B: khong trng t phn

mang in n ro kn

Ro
chn
kn

- C: khong cch t phn

mang in n ro li

L ( Xem iu 324)

Hnh 318-1: Khong trng nh nht gia cc phn mang in v cc phn khc ca
thit b phn phi in trong nh

- T u ra khng ro chn ca nh TBPP

n t bn ngoi khng thuc a phn
TBPP ngoi tri v khng c ng i
khng nh hn gi tr hn G:
G: Chiu cao nh nht:
- Um 35kV: 4300 mm
- Um > 35kV: N + 4500mm
(nh nht 6000mm)
Nu khong cch t phn mang in n mt
t nh hn gi tr G th phi c tm ro chn
bo v t pha di cao l 2500mm.
- Khong cch t phn mang in trong nh
n sn nh E, gi tr E c tnh nh sau:
E = N + 2250 mm (nh nht l 2500 mm)
Nu khong cch t phn mang in n sn
nh nh hn gi tr E th phi c tm ro chn
bo v t pha di cao l 1900mm.

Hnh 318-2: Chiu cao nh nht trn hnh lang i li trong nh v khu vc khng c
ng i li bn ngoi TBA

138

iu 319. Mc chu la ca cc bung phn phi v t bng in

1. Nh v bung phn phi, bung MBA phi c lm bng vt liu c mc chu la
theo nhng quy nh lin quan.
2. Khung t bng in c ch to bng vt liu khng chy, v v cc b phn khc
c ch to bng vt liu khng chy hoc kh chy. Yu cu ny khng p dng cho
cc bng v s iu khin li in hoc bng loi tng t.
Kh nng chu nhit ca t bng in xem Ph lc 3.2-4.
iu 320. Bung phn phi ring
TBPP trong nh in p n 1kV v trn 1kV nn c b tr trong cc bung ring. Yu
cu trn khng p dng cho TBA trn b in p n 35kV. Cho php b tr thit b n
1kV v trn 1kV trong phng chung, nu TBPP hoc TBA do cng mt c quan qun l.
Cc bung TBPP, MBA, v.v. nn t cch bit vi cc phng iu khin v ph tr khc.
iu 321. iu kin v v tr lp t
Khng c b tr MBA v h thng phn phi ti cc v tr nh sau:
- di cc dy chuyn cng ngh m t, phng tm, phng v sinh, v.v. tr khi khng
th khc phc. Trong trng hp nh vy, phi c bin php chng nc thm vo
bung MBA v thit b phn phi;
- ngay bn di hoc trn cc phng tp trung trn 50 ngi trong thi gian trn 1 gi.
Yu cu ny khng bt buc p dng cho MBA kh hoc cha cht khng chy.
iu 322. Khong cch t cc b phn mang in vi ro chn
Khi b phn mang in h c b tr thp hn cao H, ni con ngi c th tip cn,
th phi t vch ngn hoc c ro bo v. Trng hp , khong cch gia b phn
mang in v ro chn phi bo m khong cch B hoc C.
B phn mang in h t thp hn gi tr E m pha di l hnh lang i li th phi lp
t chn bo v. Chiu cao ca chn bo v khng c nh hn 1900mm.(xem hnh
318-2).
Khng cn t chn bo v i vi thit b nu khong cch t mp thp nht ca s
cch in n sn ln hn 2200mm v phn mang in h cao hn E. (xem hnh 318-2)
iu 323. Khong cch gia b phn mang in khng c vch ngn
Khong cch phn mang in ca hai ngn k nhau khng c vch ngn khng c
nh hn gi tr D cho trong Bng 318 (xem hnh 318-1).
Khong cch D ng thi l khong cch lm vic Dv khi sa cha mch ny khng phi
ct in mch kia.
iu 324. Hnh lang iu khin vn hnh
1. Hnh lang vn hnh pha trc v pha sau t bng in phi ln hn hoc bng 0,8m,
trong hnh lang khng c cc vt lm cn tr ngi i li v di chuyn thit b.
cc ch c bit nh kt cu xy dng nh ra cn li i li, chiu rng li i ti nhng ch
khng c nh hn 0,6m.
2. Chiu rng ca hnh lang vn hnh gia cc ro chn khng c nh hn:
- 1m khi b tr thit b mt bn;
- 1,2m khi b tr thit b hai bn.
Nu trong hnh lang vn hnh c cc b truyn ng ca my ct in, dao cch ly, cc
kch thc trn phi tng ln ti 1,5m n 2m.
3. Chiu rng hnh lang vn hnh trong phng b tr cc TBPP trn b, GIS v TBA trn
b bng kch thc ca xe y v phn ko ra sa cha cng vi t nht l 0,6m khi
139

b tr thnh 1 dy v cng vi t nht l 0,8m khi b tr thnh 2 dy. Chiu cao cc phng
ca TBPP trn b, GIS v TBA trn b bng kch thc phn cao nht cng thm 0,8m
n trn nh v 0,3m n dm nh.
4. Chiu rng ca hnh lang thot n khng c nh hn 1,2m.
Trong hnh lang vn hnh v hnh lang thot n cho php kt cu kin trc nh ra khng
qu 0,2m.

Mc 3.2-3. H thng ph tr trong TBA

iu 325. Ca ra vo ca TBA trong nh
Bung TBPP phi c ca ra vo theo quy nh sau:
1. Khi bung TBPP di ti 7m, c b tr 1 ca.
2. Khi bung TBPP di t 7m ti 60m, phi b tr 2 ca hai u. Cho php b tr ca
cch u hi ti 7m.
3. Khi bung TBPP di qu 60m, ngoi ca hai u phi b tr thm cc ca ph sao
cho khong cch t mt im bt k ca hnh lang qun l hoc hnh lang n n ca
khng qu 30m. Ca c th m ra ngoi, ra cu thang, sang phng sn xut khc c
tng v trn khng chy, khng cha thit b, vt liu d chy, d n, sang bung TBPP
khc. Ca phi bng vt liu khng chy hoc kh chy c gii hn chu la khng nh
hn 0,6 gi. Ca phi b tr kha cht t ng ng li v c th m ra t bn trong m
khng cn cha kha.
Trong nh t TBPP nhiu tng, mt trong hai ca hai u v ca ph c th m ra ban
cng c thang thot him bn ngoi.
iu 326. B tr my bin p du t trong nh
Cc my bin p du lp t trong nh, mi my bin p c lp t trong mt gian
ring bit v lm bng vt liu khng chy.
Trong cng mt gian cho php lp t 2 MBA c du cng sut mi my n 400kVA,
nhng phi ngn cch vi nhau bng vch ngn chng chy vi gii hn chu la l 1 gi.
iu 327. H thu gom du
TBA trong nh phi xy dng h thng thu gom du theo cc quy nh nh sau:
a) Khi khi lng du trong my MBA hoc ca thit b nh hn 60kg th ch cn xy g hoc
lm dc gi ton b khi lng du;
b) Khi khi lng du t 60 n 600kg:
- Xy h cha ton b khi lng du, hoc
- Xy g lm nn dc vo pha trong gi c ton b khi lng du.
c) Khi khi lng du ln hn 600kg:
- Xy h thu du cha c t nht l 20% ton b khi lng du ca MBA hoc ca thit
b v c ng thot du vo h thng thot chung. ng thi du t h thu du di MBA
phi c ng knh t nht l 10cm.
- Xy h thu du cha ton b lng du di b mng MBA, khi h thu du phi c
li chn, bn trn li chn ri lp dm hoc si dy 25cm. H thu du phi cha
c ton b khi lng du v mc du phi thp hn li chn 5cm. Mt trn cng ca
lp dm hoc si trong h thu du phi thp hn l thng gi 7,5cm. y h thu du c
dc 2% v pha rn thu.
d) Ca (cng) ca ngn t thit b c du vi khi lng du ln hn 60kg phi lm bng
vt liu kh chy c gii hn chu la khng nh hn 0,75 gi.

140

iu 328. H thng thng gi

Trong gian lp t thit b phi c trang b vi h thng thng gi cho ch hot ng
bnh thng (c tnh n yu t qu ti) v khi nhit ca mi trng cao nht cng
khng lm cho thit b vt qu nhit ti a cho php.
Khi khng th bo m trao i nhit bng thng gi t nhin th phi thc hin thng gi
cng bc hoc lp iu ha khng kh.
Nhit trong cc phng t bng iu khin v thit b phn phi phi c bo m
theo yu cu ca nh ch to thit b.
Nhit trong cc phng c ngi lm vic t 6 gi tr ln khng thp hn 18oC v
khng cao hn 28oC.
Tnh ton lng thng gi trong gian lp t thit b xem Ph lc 3.2-5.

Mc 3.2-4. Trm bin p phn xng

iu 329. Phm vi p dng
Phn ny p dng cho TBA phn xng c in p n 35kV.
iu 330. V tr ca TBA phn xng
TBA phn xng c th b tr tng mt (tng trt) v tng hai ca gian sn xut chnh
hoc ph bo m cc quy nh v phng chy, cha chy tng ng.
Trng hp TBA phn xng c lp t trong gian nhiu bi hoc c ha cht c
hi, cn p dng bin php thch hp bo m hot ng an ton ca thit b.
iu 331. Bung lp t MBA v TBPP
MBA, TBPP c th b tr trong bung ring hoc t h trong cc gian sn xut. Khi t
h, cc phn dn in ca MBA phi che chn v TBPP phi c ro bo v.
iu 332. H thu du
H thu du c xy bn di cc MBA v thit b du khc theo iu 327.
iu 333. Bin php thng gi v phng chy, cha chy ca ngn MBA
Trong TBA phn xng, cc bin php thng gi v phng chy, cha chy phi c
kt hp vi h thng thng gi v phng chy, cha chy ca phn xng v phi tnh
n kh nng bo dng, sa cha sau ny.

Mc 3.2-5. Thit b phn phi v trm bin p trn ct

iu 334. Phm vi p dng
Phn ny p dng cho thit b phn phi v TBA lp trn ct, in p n 35kV, cng sut
n 1000kVA.
iu 335. Cu hnh thit b phn phi v trm bin p trn ct
- Thit b phn phi nh my bin p, my ct, dao cch ly, thit b o lng, v.v. c
php lp trn ct, nhng phi bo m cc iu kin cch in v iu kin an ton;
- Cc my bin p lp trn ct c ni vo li in cao p qua cu chy t ri hoc
qua cu chy km vi dao cch ly. B truyn ng ca dao cch ly phi c kha;
- vn hnh trm bin p trn ct, khng cn lp gh cch in, ch lp sn vn hnh
nhng khu vc hay ngp nc v nhng a im khng c ch ng thao tc. Sn
vn hnh c lan can an ton v thang cho ngi vn hnh;
- Trng thi m hoc ng ca thit b ng ct phi nhn thy c t v tr thao tc;
141

- Trm bin p trn ct c th c lp t kt hp vi ct ca DK, nu cc yu cu k

thut cho php;
- khu vc xe c c th va chm vo trm bin p phi cnh bo v bo v ph hp.
iu 336. An ton ca TBA trn ct
Cc bin php bo m an ton in c p dng cho trm bin p trn ct nh sau:
- Chiu cao nh nht t cc phn mang in in p trn 1kV n 35kV n mt t pha
di TBA khng c nh hn 4,3m;
- Hnh lang bo v an ton trm in c gii hn bi khng gian bao quanh trm in
c khong cch n cc b phn mang in gn nht ca trm in theo quy nh trong
bng sau:
Bng 336: Khong trng nh nht n phn mang in gn nht ca trm bin p
trn ct.
in p danh nh
n 22kV
35kV

Khong trng nh nht (m)

2,0
3,0

iu 337.Khong cch nh nht t sn vn hnh

Khon cch t phn mang in in p trn 1kV n 35kV n sn vn hnh c quy
nh trong bng sau:
Bng 337: Khong cch nh nht gia cc phn mang in v sn vn hnh
in p danh nh
n 22kV
35kV

Khong cch nh nht (mm)

2500
3100

iu 338. T phn phi in h p

- Ton b thit b phn h p ca TBA trn ct phi t trong t kn. y t h p cch
mt t t nht l 1,20m.
- Nu pha h p s dng cu chy kiu thao tc t xa th c b tr trn ct ca trm
cao 4,0m cch mt t.
iu 339. u ni dy
Cp in ni my bin p vi t in h p phi c bo v chng h hng c kh
(bng cch t trong ng hoc c v bo v thch hp, v.v.) v phi tun th nhng yu
cu la chn tit din li cp quy nh trong Chng 2.1.
Chiu cao nh nht gia u ra ca cc DK 1kV n mt t c th tip cn c
khng nh hn 4,0m i vi dy dn trn v 3,5m i vi dy bc.
iu 340. Khong trng nh nht cho phng chy, cha chy
Khong trng nh nht t my bin p ti phn kin trc ca nh hoc cng trnh lin k
phi bo m an ton da trn chu la ca nh hoc cng trnh .
Khong trng nh nht theo chu la:
- 3m: chu la loi I, II hoc III;
- 5m: chu la loi IV hoc V.

142

Mc 3.2-6. Bo v chng st cho TBA in p trn 1kV n 500kV

iu 341. Bo v chng st nh trc tip ln TBA
1. TBA v TBPP ngoi tri in p 35-500kV phi c bo v chng st nh trc tip.
Khng cn bo v chng st nh trc tip i vi TBA ngoi tri in p 6-35kV c MBA
cng sut mi my n 1600kVA.
2. TBA trong nh v nh lp t TBPP phi c bo v chng st nh trc tip. Mi
nh lm bng kim loi phi c ni t.
iu 342. B tr kim thu st v dy ni t
1. Bo v chng st nh trc tip vo h thng phn phi ngoi tri v nh iu khin
bng cch dng kim thu st c lp, kim thu st lp trn cc kt cu xy dng, dy chng
st treo trn cc kt cu xy dng. C th s dng cc ct cao nh ct DK, ct lp n
pha, v.v. lp kim thu st.
T cc ct c kim thu st TBPP ngoi tri in p 110kV tr ln phi bo m cho
dng in st chy n mch ni t chung khng t hn 2-3 tia. Ngoi ra cn phi ng
thm 1-2 cc ni t di 3-5m v cch ct c kim thu st khng ngn hn chiu di cc
ni t.
2. Kim thu st c th lp trn ct cng MBA, ct cng ca in khng v kt cu ca
TBPP ngoi tri nu khong cch trong t t dy ni t xung t n im ni t ca
MBA hoc in khng ln hn hn 15m v in tr sut tng ng ca t vo ma
st nh hn 350m, nhng phi b sung cc iu kin sau:
a) B tr chng st van (CSV) ngay trn cc u ra ca cc cun dy MBA hoc cch cc
u ra khng qu 5m theo chiu di dy dn;
b) Dy ni t t ct t kim thu st n mch ni t chung bng 3-4 tia. Ngoi ra cn
phi ng thm 2-3 cc ni t di 3-5m v cch ct c kim chng st khng ngn hn
chiu di cc ni t.
3. Dy ni t ca CSV pha in p cao nht ca MBA u vo khong gia dy ni t
t kim thu st n im ni t ca MBA.
4. Khong cch trong khng kh t cc kt cu ca TBPP ngoi tri c t kim thu st
n cc phn dn in khng c nh hn chiu di chui cch in.
5. Khi dng ct n pha lp kim thu st, on dy dn cp in cho n pha (k t on
chui ra khi mng cp ti tn n pha) phi dng cp c v bc kim loi hoc nu cp
khng c v bc kim loi th phi lun trong ng kim loi. V cp v ng lun cp phi
c ni vo ni t chung ca trm.
iu 343. Dy chng st ca DK u ni vo TBA
1. DK 35kV ni vo TBA vi MBA c dung lng ln hn 1600kVA phi lp t dy
chng st di t 1 n 2km, gc bo v 30o, dy chng st phi dng li ct cui
ng dy; chui cch in ti ct ny phi tng thm 2 bt so vi chui cch in ca
ng dy.
2. Nu dy chng st ca DK 35kV ko tip vo trm, im u ca dy chng st trong
trm phi cch ly bng mt chui cch in theo tiu chun cch in ca DK 35kV.
3. Dy chng st ca DK in p 110kV tr ln c ko tip vo h thng phn phi
ngoi tri hoc trm bin p.
iu 344. Chng st van
- CSV phi c chn trn c s bo m kh nng bo v, cng nh cch in ca
thit b. in p dp tt ca CSV phi ph hp vi in p ti v tr t chng st khi xy
ra s c chm t 1 pha;
143

- TBA c ni vi DK phi t CSV tt c cc u cc ca MBA. Khong cch gia

chng st v u cc MBA khng qu 10m theo chiu di dy dn;
- Cun dy khng dng n ca MBA phi lp CSV;
- Ti im u ni cp vi thit b ngoi tri phi lp CSV;
- Phi t CSV bo v im trung tnh cc cun dy 110 - 220kV ca MBA c cch
in gim thp khi vn hnh vi ch im trung tnh khng ni t.
iu 345. Phi hp cch in
i vi DK vn hnh tm thi vi in p thp hn in p danh nh, ti ct u tin
ca on ni vo trm, tnh t pha ng dy phi t CSV c in p tng ng vi
in p lm vic tm thi ca DK. Ni tt mt s bt ca chui cch in trn 1 n 2
ct lin k. S lng cch in khng ni tt trong chui cch in phi bo m mc
cch in ph hp vi in p lm vic tm thi ca DK.
iu 346. Chng st cho on DK r nhnh
DK t TBA c MBA cng sut n 40MVA u vi DK 35kV phi c bo v theo s
sau:
1. u trc tip vo DK 35kV
a) Nhnh u ni 150m
- Bo v ton b chiu di nhnh dy u ni bng dy chng st;
- Bo v c 2 pha t im u ni bng dy chng st di khong 150-200m;
- Lp t CSV1 im cui ca 2 dy chng st nu trn;
- Lp t CSV2 cch im cui ca 2 dy chng st nu trn 150-200m.
b) Nhnh u ni >150-500m
- Bo v ton b chiu di nhnh u ni bng dy chng st;
- Lp t CSV1 ti im u ni vi DK;
- Lp t CSV2 c 2 pha cch im u ni 150-200m.
2. u chuyn tip vo DK 35kV
a) Nhnh u ni 150m
- Bo v ton b chiu di nhnh u ni cng vi 2 bn, mi bn 150-200m bng dy
chng st;
- Lp t CSV1 im cui ca 2 dy chng st nu trn;
- Lp t CSV2 cch im cui ca 2 dy chng st nu trn 150-200m.
b) Nhnh u ni >150-500m
- Bo v ton b chiu di nhnh u ni bng dy chng st;
- Lp t CSV1 ti im u ni vi DK;
- Lp t CSV2 c 2 pha cch im u ni 150-200m.
S trn ch cho php u ni vo DK 35kV hin ti.
S u ni chi tit xem Ph lc 3.2-6.

Mc 3.2-7. Bo v chng st cho my in quay

iu 347. u ni vi DK
Cc DK s dng ct thp hoc b tng ct thp c th u ni trc tip vo thanh ci
my pht v my b ng b c cng sut n 50MW/50MVA. u ni DK trc tip vo
thanh ci my pht, my b ng b c cng sut ln hn 50MW/50MVA ch c php
trong trng hp ni qua my bin p cch ly.
iu 348. Bo v my in quay ni vo DK
Bo v my pht in, my b ng b, ng c in cng sut ln hn 3MW /3MVA ni
144

vo DK c dng CSV km vi t in c in dung khng nh hn 0,5F mi pha.

Nu u ni vi DK bng ng cp t c 0,5F tr ln cho mi pha th khng
cn t t in bo v.
CSV nn t thanh ci (phn on thanh ci) in p my pht bo v my pht in
(my b ng b) cng sut t 15MW/15MVA tr xung, thanh ci trm phn phi bo v
ng c in cng sut ln hn 3MW, ngay cc u ra ca my pht (my b ng b) cho
cng sut ln hn 15MW/15MVA.
iu 349. Bo v DK u ni vi my in quay
1. DK ni vo nh my in cn phi bo v vi mc chu st khng nh hn
50kA.
2. DK u ni trc tip vo thanh ci ca nh my in hoc c ni qua on cp di
n 0,5 km th on u DK phi c dy chng st di t nht 300m. im u ca DK
phi t trn cch in c cp cch in 35kV v phi lp CSV vi in p thanh ci u
ni, in tr ni t khng c qu 5. Trn dy dn im cui ca dy chng st
cng phi lp CSV, in tr ni t ca CSV v ct c dy chng st khng qu 10.
3. Nu on DK ln hn hoc bng 300m c cc nh cao, cy hoc cng trnh cao
bo v chng st nh trc tip th khng cn t dy chng st. Khi ch cn t CSV
u DK phi bo v. in tr ni t ca CSV khng c qu 3.

Mc 3.2-8. Bo v chng qu in p ni b
iu 350. Bo v qu in p ni b cho h 6-35kV
Trong li in 6-35kV c yu cu b dng in in dung cc pha vi t, phi cn bng
dng in in dung bng cch b tr cc pha v t in b mt cch hp l. Mc
chnh lch in dung ca cc pha vi t khng c ln hn 0,75%.
V tr t cun dp h quang phi chn theo kt cu ca li, kh nng chia li ra tng
phn c lp, xc sut s c, nh hng ti cc mch t ng ca ng st v ng
dy thng tin.
iu 351. Bo v qu in p ni b cho h 110-220kV
Trong li in vi trung tnh ni t v cc my bin p, my bin p t ngu
110-220kV m cun dy c tng cng cch in th khng yu cu p dng cc bin
php gii hn qu in p ni b.
i vi cc my bin p, bin p t ngu 220kV m cun dy c cch in thng thng
th phi c bo v chng qu in p ni b bng chng st van.
iu 352. Bo v qu in p ni b cho h 500kV
Trong li in 500kV, phi p dng cc phng php thch hp ngn nga s tng
in p bt thng v tng in p trong vn hnh bnh thng.

Mc 3.2-9. Lp t my bin p lc
iu 353. Yu cu i vi MBA lc
Chng ny p dng cho vic lp t MBA c nh (k c MBA t ngu) v cun khng
c du (k c cun dp h quang) c in p 6kV tr ln (gi chung l MBA) b tr trong
nh v ngoi tri. Khng p dng cho MBA chuyn dng.
iu 354. Lp t thit b ngm du
lp t, vn hnh v bo dng cc thit b ngm du ca TBA, c th t chc h
145

thng du lu ng gm cc thng cha du v x l du, my bm du, trang b lc

v ti sinh du, cc thit b lc v kh kh lu ng, thng vn chuyn du, v.v.
Quy m ca h thng du lu ng phi theo quy m v nhu cu ca tng cng trnh.
iu 355. Ch vn hnh MBA lc
Phi chn thng s cc cun dy ca MBA tha mn vi ch vn hnh bnh thng
v kh nng vn hnh qu ti ngn hn v lu di.
iu 356. Quan st mc du
MBA phi b tr c th quan st c mc du mt cch d dng v an ton bng mt
m khng phi ct in.
Khi chiu sng chung khng , phi b tr chiu sng ti ch quan st mc du vo
lc ti tri.
iu 357. R le hi
Phi c bin php thch hp tip cn r le hi ca MBA quan st v ly mu m khng
cn phi ct in. Khi cao t mt bng nn n mt MBA t 3m tr ln phi c thang
c nh.
iu 358. Chng st van cho MBA
Cho php lp cc CSV in p n 220kV trn np v thn MBA nu CSV in p
110kV v 220kV dng v bc bng polyme.
iu 359. B MBA
i vi MBA lp bnh xe, b my phi c tm chn b tr hai pha bnh xe ca MBA.
Trn b my cn phi c ch t kch MBA.
iu 360. nghing ca MBA
nghing ca MBA du cn phi thc hin ng ch dn ca nh ch to MBA hi
pht sinh c th dn n c r le hi.
iu 361. Lp thng du ph
Khi lp thng du ph trn kt cu ring, phi b tr sao cho khng cn tr vic chuyn
MBA khi mng. Trong trng hp , r le hi phi b tr gn MBA khi ng thang
c nh c th tip cn c thun li v an ton. C th lp thng du ph trn ct cng
ca ngn l MBA.
iu 362. ng phng n
MBA phi b tr ng phng n khng hng v pha thit b gn. tha mn yu cu
ny, khi cn thit, cho php b tr tm chn i din vi ming ng.
iu 363. Thit b t ng phng chy v cha chy
Thc hin theo quy nh trong iu 316.
iu 364. MBA du trong nh
MBA du trong nh phi t bung ring trong tng mt (cn gi l tng trt) c
ngn cch vi phng khc v c ca m trc tip ra pha ngoi nh; c php t MBA
du tng hai v thp hn sn nh ca tng mt vng khng b ngp nc nhng phi
c kh nng vn chuyn MBA ra ngoi nh v phi c h thng cha v thi du s c
theo quy nh trong iu 327.

146

iu 365. Khong cch an ton t MBA du trong nh

Khi t MBA trong nh th khong cch n tng nh, n trn nh v kt cu xy dng
nh phi bo m cc quy nh v an ton.
iu 366. ng vn chuyn MBA
Phi c ng vn chuyn MBA n b mng ca TBA ngoi tri.

Mc 3.2-10. H thng c quy

iu 367. Quy nh p dng cho h thng c quy
- c quy axit kiu kn hoc c quy kim kiu c nh p dng trong cc cng trnh in.
- Phn thng tin trong trm in phi s dng b c quy ring.
- Thit b bo v kp phi c 2 b c quy c lp.
iu 368. V tr lp t b c quy
1. B c quy axt c lp t trong gian ring phi lp h thng thng gi cng bc
thot gi ra ngoi vi lu lng gi: th tch gian/1gi.
2. B c quy kiu kn (v d c quy t) tng dung lng khng qu 75Ah c th t trong
t kim loi b tr chung trong gian t bng iu khin hoc t trong gian sn xut khng c
nguy him chy n, nhng t lp c quy phi c ng thng kh thot ra ngoi.
iu 369. Dung lng ca b c quy
B c quy phi c dung lng bo m kh nng cung cp in cho cc ph ti lu di
v qu dng ngn hn ca thit b iu khin, bo v v h thng chiu sng s c.
c tnh k thut i vi h thng c quy phi c la chn ph hp theo mc quan
trng ca ph ti.
iu 370. Thit b np in cho c quy
Thit b np in cho b c quy axt phi c cng sut v in p np in cho cc
c quy n 90% dung lng danh nh trong khong thi gian khng qu 8 gi, trc khi
c quy c phng in ht theo quy trnh.
Thit b np cho b c quy kim theo hng dn ca nh ch to.
iu 371. Gi v t ng c quy
Cc c quy phi c t trn gi hoc t tin cy. Cc gi v cc t, v.v. phi tun
th vi c im k thut thch hp v phi chc chn chu ng c trng lng
ca h thng c quy.
iu 372. Thanh ci v cp ca c quy
Thanh ci ca h thng c quy phi l thanh ng trn hoc cp ng 1 rut vi bc cch
in chu c ha cht n mn.
Thanh ci in mt chiu phi trang b thit b thng xuyn kim tra cch in xc
nh tr s in tr cch in v bo tn hiu khi in tr cch in ca mi cc gim n
20k trong li in 220VDC, 10k trong li in 110VDC, 5k cho li 48VDC, 3k
trong li 24VDC.

147

PHN 4
H THNG IU KHIN, BO V V O LNG
CHNG 4.1 H THNG IU KHIN

Mc 4.1-1. Thit b iu khin v t ng

iu 373. Cc chc nng v nhim v ca h thng iu khin
Phn ny p dng cho thit b t ng v iu khin t xa ca h thng in, nh my
in, li in, mng in cung cp cho cc x nghip cng nghip v cc trang b in
khc :
1. T ng ng li (TL) 3 pha hoc 1 pha ca ng dy, thanh ci v phn t khc
sau khi chng b ct t ng.
2. T ng ng ngun d phng (TD).
3. Ho ng b (HB), ng my pht in ng b v my b ng b a chng vo ch
lm vic ng b.
4. iu chnh kch thch, in p v cng sut phn khng gia cc my in ng b v cc
nh my in, phc hi in p trong v sau thi gian ct ngn mch.
5. iu chnh tn s v cng sut tc dng.
6. Ngn nga ph v n nh.
7. Chm dt ch khng ng b.
8. Tng gim tn s.
9. iu chnh in p.
10. Ngn nga qu ti thit b in.
11. Kim tra thit b iu v h thng iu khin.
Chc nng ca cc thit b t khon 4 - 11 c thc hin hon ton hoc mt phn tu
theo ch lm vic ca h thng in.
iu 374. H thng iu khin tch hp
H thng iu khin tch hp cho cc TBA 110kV, 220kV v 500kV trn c s mt h
thng my tnh c s dng tp hp cc h thng hot ng c lp nh h thng
SCADA, thng tin lin lc, r le bo v, iu khin thit b in, o lng, bo s c, iu
khin t ng h thng phn phi, a vo mt h thng lu tr d liu, iu khin v
gim st thng nht trong TBA. H thng iu khin tch hp TBA a ra mt khun kh
chung to iu kin cho vic phi hp hot ng gia cc thit b in t thng minh
(IEDs), thit b c in, hin ti v tng lai nhm lm cho h thng iu khin v gim st
cc TBA hiu qu hn, tit kim hn.
Chi tit h thng iu khin tch hp xem Ph lc 4.1-1

Mc 4.1-2. T ng ng lp li (TL)
iu 375. iu kin p dng t ng ng lp li
Thit b TL dng nhanh chng khi phc cung cp in cho h tiu th hoc khi
phc lin lc gia cc h thng in hoc lin lc trong ni b h thng in bng cch t
ng ng li my ct khi chng b ct do r le bo v.
Cn t thit b TL :
- DK v hn hp ng cp v DK tt c cc cp in p trn 1kV;
- Thanh ci nh my in v trm bin p;
- Cc MBA;
148

- My ct vng, my ct lin lc thanh ci v my ct phn on;

- Cc ng c khc, c ct ra bo m t khi ng ca cc ng c quan trng.
iu 376. Trng hp thit b TL khng c tc ng
Phi thc hin TL sao cho n khng tc ng khi:
- Ngi vn hnh ct my ct bng tay ti ch hoc iu khin t xa;
- T ng ct my ct do r le bo v tc ng ngay sau khi ngi vn hnh ng my
ct bng tay hoc iu khin t xa;
- Ct my ct do r le bo v chng s c bn trong MBA v my in quay hoc ng
cp in do tc ng ca thit b chng s c, cng nh trong cc trng hp khc ct
my ct m TL khng c php tc ng.
Thit b TL phi c thc hin sao cho khng c kh nng lm my ct ng lp li
nhiu ln khi cn tn ti ngn mch hoc khi c bt c h hng no trong s thit b
TL.
iu 377. Yu cu v chu k hot ng
C th dng TL3 pha (TL3P) tc ng ng lp li mt ln hoc nhiu ln theo iu
kin lm vic ca li in.
iu 378. Yu cu v thi gian hot ng
y nhanh vic khi phc ch lm vic bnh thng ca DK, thi gian TL3P
(c bit l chu k u ca TL tc ng hai ln t trn ng dy c ngun cung cp
t mt pha) phi ly bng tr s nh nht c tnh n thi gian dp tt h quang in, kh
ion ch s c v thi gian sn sng ng li ca my ct v b dn ng.
iu 379. iu kin yu cu v ng dng ng dy n
i vi ng dy n c ngun cung cp t hai pha mt trong s TL3P phi c
trang b:
- TL3P tc ng nhanh (TL3P N);
- TL3P khng ng b (TL3P KB);
- TL3P t ng b (TL3P B).
Ngoi ra c th c t ng li 1 pha (TL1P) kt hp vi cc loi TL3P khc nhau nu
my ct c iu khin ring tng pha.
iu 380. iu kin TL1P
1. TL1P dng trong li in c dng in chm t ln. TL1P khng t ng chuyn
ng dy sang ch lm vic khng ton pha lu di (mt 1 pha) khi c s lch pha
n nh cho cc trng hp sau:
a) ng dy n mang ti ln lin lc gia cc h thng in hoc i vi ng dy ti
in trong ni b h thng in;
b) ng dy mang ti ln lin lc gia cc h thng in in p t 220kV tr ln c t
hai h lin lc ng vng tr ln vi iu kin khi ct mt trong chng c th dn n mt
n nh h thng in;
c) ng dy lin lc gia cc h thng in hoc trong ni b h thng in c in p
khc nhau, nu khi ct 3 pha ng dy c in p cao c th dn n qu ti khng cho
php ca ng dy in p thp v c kh gy mt n nh h thng in;
d) i vi ng dy lin lc vi h thng cc nh my in c cc khi ln m c t ph
ti a phng;
) ng dy ti in m thc hin TL3P dn n mt ti t ngt ln do gim in p.

149

2. Thit b TL1P phi bo m khi a ra khi lm vic hoc khi mt ngun cp in phi
t ng chuyn bo v ca ng dy tc ng i ct c 3 pha khng qua thit b TL.
3. Xc nh pha s c khi ngn mch chm t phi c thc hin bng b chn, b ny
cng c th dng lm bo v ph tc ng nhanh ca ng dy trong chu trnh TL1P,
khi TL3P, TL3P N hoc khi ngi vn hnh ng my ct t mt pha ca ng dy.
4. Thi gian ca TL1P c chnh nh theo thi gian dp tt h quang v kh ion ca
mi trng ch ngn mch 1 pha trong ch khng ton pha vi iu kin cc bo v
hai u khng tc ng ng thi cng nh tc ng theo bc thang ca b chn.
5. Khi TL tc ng ng my ct th nht ca phn t c hai my ct hoc nhiu hn
khng thnh cng th cc my ct cn li thng phi kho khng cho TL tc ng.

Mc 4.1-3. T ng ng ngun d phng (TD)

iu 381. iu kin p dng thit b t ng khi phc ngun cung cp in
- Thit b TD dng khi phc ngun cung cp in cho h tiu th in bng cch t
ng ngun d phng trong trng hp khi ngun ang lm vic b mt gy mt in
trang b in ca h tiu th.
- Thit b TD cng dng t ng ng thit b d phng trong trng hp thit b
chnh ang lm vic b h hng gy ph v quy trnh cng ngh.
- Thit b TD cng c th c lp t my bin p, trn ng dy, cho ng c
in, my ct thanh ci v my ct phn on, v.v.
iu 382. Yu cu nng cao tin cy
Thit b TD phi bo m kh nng tc ng khi mt in p trn thanh ci cp in cho
nhng phn t c ngun d phng, bt k do nguyn nhn no, k c ngn mch trn
thanh ci.
iu 383. Chc nng yu cu xem xt hin tng qu ti
Khi thc hin TD phi kim tra kh nng qu ti ngun cung cp d phng v kim tra
s t khi ng ca cc ng c, nu c hin tng qu ti tm thi khng cho php v
ng c khng th t khi ng c th phi sa thi bt ph ti khi TD tc ng (v d,
ct cc ng c khng quan trng v i khi, mt phn cc ng c quan trng; i vi
trng hp sau s dng TL).

Mc 4.1-4. T ng ngn nga mt n nh

iu 384. Chc nng v yu cu ngn nga mt n nh
1. Thit b t ng ngn nga mt n nh ca h thng in c trang b tu thuc theo
tng iu kin c th, nhng ni m xt v kinh t v k thut l hp l, gi c
n nh ng tt nht v bo m d phng n nh tnh ch sau s c.
2. Thit b t ng ngn nga mt n nh c th c p dng trong nhng trng hp
sau:
a) Ct ng dy khng c s c cng nh ng dy b s c do ngn mch 1 pha khi
bo v chnh v TL 1 pha lm vic. iu ny c th xy ra trong ch ng dy mang
ti ln hoc trong khi sa cha li in. Cho php s dng cc thit b t ng trong cc
s li in s c v trong cc s v ch lm vic bnh thng ca h thng,
nu vic mt n nh do thit b t ng t chi lm vic khng dn n ct phn ln cc
ph ti ca h thng (v d do tc ng ca TST);

150

b) Ct cc ng dy do ngn mch nhiu pha khi bo v chnh lm vic trong ch lm

vic bnh thng v ch s c ca li in; cho php khng tnh n trng hp
ng dy mang ti ln;
c) My ct t chi ct theo tc ng ca thit b khi ngn mch trong ch lm vic bnh
thng ca h thng in v trong s bnh thng ca li in;
d) Tch ra khi h thng in nhng ng dy lm vic khng ng b trong ch bnh
thng;
) Thiu cng sut nghim trng hoc tha cng sut mt trong cc phn ni vo h
thng hp nht;
e) C cc thit b t ng ng li nhanh (TLN) hoc TL lm vic trong s v ch
bnh thng.

Mc 4.1-5. T ng ngn nga qu ti ca thit b in

iu 385. Chc nng yu cu t ng ngn nga qu ti ca thit b in
Thit b t ng ngn nga qu ti c dng hn ch thi gian qu ti trn ng
dy, trong MBA, trong t b dc, trong trng hp thi gian ny vt qu mc cho php.

Mc 4.1-6. iu khin t xa
iu 386. Chc nng yu cu i vi h thng iu khin t xa
iu khin t xa (gm iu khin t xa, tn hiu t xa, thu thp s liu t xa, o lng t
xa v iu chnh t xa), trong c h thng SCADA, c dng iu hnh nhng
cng trnh in phn tn c lin h vi nhau trong ch vn hnh chung v kim sot
chng. iu kin bt buc khi dng iu khin t xa l tnh hp l v kinh t k thut, nng
cao hiu qu cng tc iu (lm cho ch vn hnh v qu trnh sn xut tt hn, x
l s c nhanh, nng cao tnh kinh t v tin cy lm vic ca cc thit b in, tng cht
lng in nng, gim s lng nhn vin vn hnh, khng cn ngi trc ca thng
xuyn, gim mt bng sn xut, v.v.).
Cc phng tin iu khin t xa cng c th dng truyn i xa cc tn hiu ca h
thng t ng iu chnh tn s, thit b t ng chng s c v cc h thng thit b iu
chnh v iu khin khc.
iu 387. Yu cu i vi tn hiu thng tin
1. Tn hiu t xa c dng :
- Phn nh ln trung tm iu v trng thi v tnh trng ca thit b ng ct ca cng
trnh in thuc c quan qun l trc tip hoc phn nh ln nhng trung tm iu
cp trn, c vai tr quyt nh n ch lm vic ca h thng in;
- Np cc thng tin vo my tnh hoc vo thit b x l thng tin;
- Truyn cc tn hiu s c, cc tn hiu cnh bo v tn hiu iu khin.
2. o lng t xa phi bo m truyn cc thng s chnh v in hoc v cng ngh
(cc thng s c trng cho ch lm vic ca tng cng vic).
iu 388. Yu cu v ng truyn
ng truyn phi p ng s lng ca trang b in iu khin t xa, cc yu cu ca
thit b iu khin t xa v cc knh lin lc trong h thng iu chnh t xa, xc nh bi
chnh xc, tin cy v thi gian tr ca thng tin khi thit k t ng iu chnh tn
s v dng cng sut trong h thng in.

151

CHNG 4.2. H THNG BO V

Mc 4.2-1. H thng bo v cho h thng in in p n 1kV

iu 389. Phm vi p dng
Phn ny p dng cho cc thit b bo v h thng in in p n 1kV t trong nh v
ngoi tri.
iu 390. La chn kh nng ct ca thit b
Kh nng ct ca thit b phi ph hp vi dng in ngn mch ln nht trn on li
in c bo v.
iu 391. La chn dng in nh mc
Trong mi trng hp, dng in nh mc ca dy chy ca cu chy v dng in
chnh nh ca aptomat bo v cho mch in (dy hoc cp in) phi c chn
theo dng in tnh ton nh nht ca mch in hoc bng dng in nh mc ca cc
thit b nhn in. Tuy nhin, thit b bo v khng c lm vic do qu dng ngn hn
(nh dng in khi ng, nh ph ti cng ngh, dng in t khi ng, v.v.).
iu 392. Dng aptomat v cu chy
Aptomat hoc cu chy c s dng lm thit b bo v trong cc trng hp thng
thng. Trong trng hp c bit bo m yu cu v nhanh, nhy hoc
chn lc, th phi dng cc thit b r le bo v (tc ng gin tip).
1. S dng aptomat hoc cu chy bo v cho li in c trung tnh cch ly, phi t
aptomat hoc cu chy trn tt c cc pha.
2. S dng aptomat hoc cu chy bo v li in c trung tnh ni t 3 pha 4 dy
hoc 1 pha 3 dy, phi t aptomat hoc cu chy trn tt c cc pha, khng c lp
t trn dy trung tnh. Trong trng hp bt buc phi ct c dy trung tnh th b ct
ca aptomat trn dy trung tnh phi ct ng thi vi cc pha.
3. Aptomat bo v li in c trung tnh cch ly 3 pha 3 dy hoc 1 pha 2 dy hoc li
in mt chiu, phi t b ct trn 2 pha i vi li in 3 dy v trn 1 pha (cc) i
vi li in 2 dy. Lu , trn cng mt li in nn t bo v trn cc pha (cc)
cng tn.
iu 393. Hin th dng in danh nh
Trn mi thit b bo v phi c nhn ring, yu cu ghi r tr s dng in danh nh.
iu 394. Bo v s c ngn mch
Li in phi c trang b bo v chng dng in s c ngn mch (bo v ngn
mch) vi thi gian ct nh nht v ct chn lc.
Bo v phi bo m ct mch ca cc dng ngn mch sau y:
- 1 pha v nhiu pha vi li in trung tnh ni t trc tip;
- 2 pha v 3 pha vi li in trung tnh cch ly.
iu 395. Bo v qu ti
Phi trang b bo v qu ti cho:
- Li in trong nh bao gm li in chiu sng nh , nh cng cng, ca hng, nh
phc v cng cng ca c s cng nghip, li in ca cc thit b dng in xch tay
hoc di chuyn c (bn l, m in, bp in, t lnh, my ht bi, my git, my may
cng nghip, v.v.) hoc trong cc gian sn xut d chy;
152

- Li in ng lc trong c s cng nghip, nh , nh cng cng, ca hng, v.v.

trong qu trnh vn hnh c th gy qu ti lu di dy dn v cp;
- Li in cc gian hoc khu vc d n trong mi trng hp.
iu 396. V tr t thit b bo v
Thit b bo v phi t ni thun tin cho vn hnh, bo dng trnh b h hng do c
hc. V tr lp t phi bo m khi vn hnh hoc khi thao tc khng gy nguy him cho
ngi v khng gy h hng cc vt xung quanh.
Phi t thit b bo v ti cc im sau:
- im ni ca ng nhnh vo thanh ci hoc ng dy chnh c tit din nh hn
tit din ca thanh ci hoc ng dy chnh;
- im ni vo phn t cn bo v;
- im cn thit bo m nhy v tnh cht chn lc.
iu 397. Cc trng hp khng cn t thit b bo v
Nu thy hp l cho vn hnh, khng cn t thit b bo v cc v tr sau:
- Nhnh r t thanh ci trong t in n cc thit b cng t trong t ny, nhnh r phi
c chn theo dng in tnh ton ca nhnh;
- Ch c tit din gim dc theo ng dy cung cp hoc ch nhnh r nu thit b bo
v ca on ng dy pha trc bo v c on gim tit din hoc nu on
gim tit din hoc nhnh r c tit din khng nh hn mt na tit din ca on
ng dy c bo v;
- Nhnh r t ng dy cung cp cho mch o lng, iu khin, tn hiu, nu nhng
dy dn ny khng i ra ngoi phm vi cc my hoc t in, nu nhng dy dn ny i
ra ngoi phm vi cc my hoc t in nhng c t trong ng hoc c v khng chy.

Mc 4.2-2. H thng bo v cho h thng in in p trn 1kV

iu 398. Phm vi p dng
Phn ny p dng cho cc thit b bo v bng r le (r le bo v) ca cc phn t ca
h thng in, trang b in cng nghip v trang b in khc c in p trn 1kV n
500kV.
Phn ny khng p dng cho trang b in ca nh my in nguyn t v truyn ti in
mt chiu.
Cc chc nng bo v v t ng c k hiu bng cc m s v ch c quy nh
trong Ph lc 4.3-1
iu 399. Chc nng h thng r le bo v
Thit b in phi c h thng r le bo v :
- Ct t ng phn t h hng ra khi phn khng h hng ca h thng in (trang b
in) bng my ct; nu s c khng trc tip ph v ch lm vic ca h thng in
th cho php r le bo v ch tc ng bo tn hiu;
- Phn ng vi cc ch lm vic nguy him v khng bnh thng ca cc phn t
trong h thng in tu thuc vo ch lm vic v iu kin vn hnh cc trang b in
m r le bo v phi tc ng bo tn hiu hoc tc ng ct nhng phn t m nu
li c th gy ra s c.
iu 400. Nhim v chnh ca h thng r le bo v
R le bo v phi bo m ct ngn mch vi thi gian ngn nht c th c nhm bo
m cho phn khng b h hng tip tc lm vic bnh thng (lm vic n nh ca h
153

thng in v ca h tiu th in, bo m kh nng khi phc s lm vic bnh thng

bng tc ng ca t ng ng li (TL) hoc t ng ng ngun d phng (TD), t
khi ng ca cc ng c in, t ko vo ng b, v.v.), hn ch phm vi v mc h
hng ca phn t b s c.
R le bo v phi bo m ct c chn lc khi s c mt phn t no th ch ct
phn t . Cho php bo v tc ng khng chn lc khi bo v cn thit phi tng tc
thi gian ct ngn mch. Tuy nhin bo v phi c hiu chnh ph hp bng tc
ng vi cc thit b TL hoc TD.
iu 401. Vng bo v
Vng bo v ca mi r le bo v s phi bao trm vi nhng vng bo v lin k trong
phm vi bo v ph hp sao cho tt c cc b phn trong li in u c bo v
bng r le.
iu 402. Tnh chn lc ca r le bo v
R le bo v phi tc ng ch khi s c xy ra trong phm vi bo v ca r le v khng
c tc ng trc bt k s c no khng nhm mc ch bo v cng nh bt k s
c no xy ra bn ngoi phm vi bo v ca r le.
iu 403. Phi hp thi gian tc ng
Thi gian tc ng v vng bo v ca mi r le phi phi hp vi r le bo v khc, sao
cho cc r le bo v phn vng bo v cn thit nh nht ca phn t s c vi thi gian
tc ng nh nht. Thi gian tc ng v vng bo v ca mt r le phi c xc nh
ph hp vi thi gian tc ng ca r le bo v chnh, thi gian tc ng ca my ct,
thi gian chnh nh ca r le bo v d phng v phi tng ng vi cc r le bo v
khc.
iu 404. R le thi gian tr
Cho php dng r le bo v c thi gian duy tr bo m tc ng c chn lc khi:
- Tho mn yu cu quy nh ti iu 400;
- Lm nhim v d phng quy nh ti iu 409.
iu 405. Nng cao tin cy
tin cy ca r le bo v phi c bo m bng cch s dng cc thit b c cc
thng s v cu hnh tng ng vi nhim v cng nh ph hp vi vic vn hnh cc
thit b ny, ng thi phi t chc kim tra thng xuyn tnh trng lm vic ca thit b
nhm ngn chn v pht hin h hng bn trong r le c th gy ra tc ng sai.
iu 406. Kha vn hnh
Trng hp r le bo v c mch in p phi trang b nhng thit b sau:
- T ng kho cc bo v khi aptomat mch in p ct, cu chy t hoc c h hng
mch in p (nu h hng c th dn n tc ng sai khi vn hnh bnh thng)
v bo tn hiu v cc h hng ca mch ny;
- Bo tn hiu h hng mch in p nu nhng h hng khng dn n bo v tc ng
sai trong ch lm vic bnh thng nhng li gy nn tc ng sai trong nhng ch
lm vic khc.
iu 407. Kha lin ng ca r le
Bo v li in 110kV tr ln phi c thit b lin ng kho tc ng ca bo v
khi xy ra dao ng in khng ng b c th lm cho bo v tc ng sai.
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C th dng thit b lin ng tng t cho ng dy in p di 110kV ni cc ngun

cung cp ln (do c th c dao ng in v bo v c th lm vic sai).
Cho php bo v khng cn c kho chng dao ng nu bo v hiu chnh theo dao
ng in trong thi gian xc nh.
iu 408. Bo v kp, bo v chnh, bo v d phng
Bo v chnh l bo v ch yu, tc ng trc tin.
Bo v kp l hai bo v chnh, c lp, cch ly vt l, cng thi gian tc ng.
Bo v d phng (bo v ph) l bo v tc ng khi bo v chnh khng tc ng.
iu 409. R le d phng v d phng xa
bo v cc phn t ln cn trong trng hp bo v hoc my ct ca chng t chi
lm vic, phi t bo v d phng xa.
Nu bo v chnh c tnh chn lc tuyt i (v d bo v cao tn, bo v so lch dc,
ngang), th trn phn t cng phi t bo v d phng lm chc nng bo v d
phng gn cho chnh phn t v bo v d phng xa cho phn t ln cn.
iu 410. R le qu dng tc thi
i vi ng dy 22kV tr ln, vi mc ch tng tin cy ct s c u ng dy,
c th t bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian lm bo v b sung.
iu 411. Bo v my ct h hng
Bo v my ct h hng (d phng t chi ct, v d: trng hp my ct h hng chc
nng ct) phi c gn lin vi cc trang b in trong phm vi kt ni.
Bo v c tc dng i ct ton b cc phn t ni vo mt thanh ci khi bo v ca mt
trong cc phn t trn b s c c khi ng i ct nhng khng ct c mch sau thi
gian chnh nh.
iu 412. Thit lp nhy
H s nhy c tnh bng t l gia gi tr tnh ton, gi tr lm vic khi s c v
c dng nh gi nhy ca cc loi r le bo v chnh. H s nhy c xc
nh nh sau:
- i vi r le bo v chnh phn ng theo tr s tng khi s c, h s nhy l t s
gia tr s tnh ton (dng in hoc in p) khi ngn mch trc tip trong vng bo v
v tr s khi ng ca bo v ang xt;
- i vi r le bo v chnh phn ng theo tr s gim khi s c, h s nhy l t s
gia tr s khi ng ca bo v ang xt v tr s tnh ton (in tr hoc in p) khi
ngn mch trc tip trong vng bo v.
Nhng tr s tnh ton phi c tnh theo dng s c bt li nht c th xy ra trong
thc t.
Chi tit thit lp nhy xem Ph lc 4.3-2.
iu 413. Phi hp gia phng thc ni t v r le bo v
Trong li in c trung tnh ni t trc tip, do yu cu ca r le bo v, phi chn ch
ni t ca trung tnh MBA sao cho khi ngn mch chm t cc tr s v dng in v
in p bo m cho bo v ca cc phn t tc ng tin cy mi ch vn hnh
ca h thng in.
iu 414. chnh xc ca my bin dng in, my bin in p
My bin dng in, my bin in p dng cung cp cho mch o lng, mch ca
thit b r le bo v phi tho mn cng sut ti nh mc v chnh xc.
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Cho php dng my bin dng ca phn t c bo v lm ngun in thao tc xoay

chiu cho b bo v chng ngn mch, dng my bin in p lm ngun in thao tc
xoay chiu.
iu 415. Tch bit cc mch in
- Mch dng in ca dng c o lng (cng t in) v mch dng in cho h thng
r le bo v phi c u vo cc cun ring ca my bin dng v c cp chnh xc
ph hp;
- Nhng thit b r le bo v cn tch khi lm vic theo yu cu phng thc lm vic
ca li in, theo iu kin tnh chn lc hoc theo cc nguyn nhn khc, phi c thit
b i ni ring c th tch chng khi s lm vic;
- thun li cho vic kim tra v th nghim, trong cc s bo v phi c hp th
nghim hoc cc kp u dy th nghim nhng ni cn thit.
iu 416. ng dng gii php tit kim
- C th s dng cu chy hoc dy chy c lp h thay th cho my ct in nu
tha mn cc yu cu cn thit;
- C th s dng loi r le tc ng trc tip (s cp hoc th cp) v bo v s dng
ngun in thao tc xoay chiu, nu vn bo m tin cy v tnh chn lc.

Mc 4.2-3. H thng bo v MBA v khng b ngang

iu 417. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho MBA
MBA phi t mt phn hoc ton b cc thit b r le bo v chng cc dng s c v
ch lm vic khng bnh thng, ty thuc vo cng sut thit k v cp in p ca
MBA.
- Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cc cun dy v trn u ra;
- Ngn mch 1 pha chm t trong cc cun dy v trn cc u ra;
- Ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cun dy;
- Qu dng in trong cc cun dy do ngn mch ngoi;
- Qu dng in trong cc cun dy do qu ti;
- Mc du h thp;
- p lc du tng cao trong MBA;
- p lc du tng cao trong b iu p di ti;
- Nhit du tng cao trong MBA;
- Nhit cun dy MBA tng cao.
Chi tit Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho MBA xem Ph lc 4.3-3.
iu 418. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho khng b ngang 500kV

i vi khng b ngang 500kV phi t thit b bo v chng cc dng s c v ch

lm vic khng bnh thng sau:
- Ngn mch 1 pha v 2 pha chm t trong cc cun dy v cc u ra;
- Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cc cun dy v trn u ra;
- Ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cun dy;
- p lc du tng cao;
- Mc du h thp.
iu 419. S dng r le hi
Phi t r le hi bo v chng s c c sinh kh bn trong MBA, chng mc du h
thp v p lc du tng cao i vi:
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- MBA trung gian cng sut thit k 6,3MVA tr ln;

- Cun khng b ngang 500kV;
- MBA gim p ca phn xng c cng sut 1MVA tr ln.
Trn MBA cng sut t 1 n di 6,3MVA cng nn t r le hi.
Bo v hi phi tc ng bo tn hiu khi tc sinh kh yu, khi mc du h thp; tc
ng ct khi tc sinh kh mnh v mc du tip tc h.
Cng c th dng r le p lc bo v chng cc s c bn trong MBA c km theo sinh
kh. Bo v chng mc du h thp cng c th thc hin bng mt r le kim tra mc
du ring t trong bnh gin n du ca MBA.
bo v thit b iu chnh in p di ti dng tip im c dp h quang trong du
cn t ring r le dng du v mng p lc.
Phi tnh trc n kh nng chuyn tc ng ct bng bo v hi sang tc ng bo tn
hiu v thc hin tch ring cc tn hiu mch bo tn hiu v tn hiu mch ct ca
bo v hi (tnh cht tn hiu khc nhau).
Cho php bo v hi ch bo tn hiu trong cc trng hp sau:
- i vi MBA t trong vng c ng t;
- i vi MBA gim p cng sut n 2,5MVA khng c my ct pha cao p.
iu 420. Bo v ngn mch trc tip bn trong MBA v khng b ngang
chng s c u ra v bn trong ca MBA v khng b ngang phi t cc bo v
sau:
1. Bo v so lch dc khng thi gian i vi MBA cng sut 6,3MVA tr ln, cun khng
b ngang 500kV, cc MBA cng sut 4MVA lm vic song song.
2. Bo v so lch c th t MBA c cng sut nh nhng khng di 1MVA nu:
- Bo v dng in ct nhanh khng nhy, cn bo v qu dng in c thi gian
ln hn 0,5 giy;
- MBA t vng c ng t.
3. Trong mng in hnh tia th bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian t pha
ngun v bao trm mt phn cun dy MBA, nu khng c bo v so lch. Nhng bo v
ny phi tc ng ct tt c cc my ct ca MBA.
iu 421. Bo v ngn mch vng dy
bo v chng ngn mch vng dy trong cun dy chnh, khi c iu kin th MBA
phi trang b bo v so lch ngang.
iu 422. Bin php i ph vi s c ngoi vng
i vi MBA, chng qu dng in do ngn mch bn ngoi phi dng nhng r le
bo v tc ng ct vi s phi hp thi gian tc ng ca cc thit b bo v chnh lin
quan n s c.
iu 423. Bo v chng ngn mch ngoi
1. Phng thc bo v:
a) i vi MBA gim p: dng bo v dng in c hoc khng kt hp iu kin km p;
MBA gim p cng sut ln, khi c ngun cung cp t hai pha cng c php dng
bo v dng in th t nghch chng ngn mch khng i xng v bo v dng in c
khi ng km p chng ngn mch i xng;
b) i vi MBA tng p cng sut 1MVA tr ln v MBA c ngun cung cp t 2 v 3 pha,
v MBA t ngu cn d phng ct ngn mch chm t cc phn t ln cn. Ngoi ra,
MBA t ngu cn phi theo yu cu bo m tnh chn lc ca bo v chng chm t
ca li in cc in p khc nhau bng cch t bo v dng in th t khng
157

chng ngn mch chm t bn ngoi v t pha cun dy ni vi li c dng in

chm t ln;
c) i vi MBA t ngu v MBA nhiu cun dy, c ngun t mt vi pha, bo v chng
ngn mch ngoi phi thc hin c hng nu do iu kin chn lc yu cu;
d) i vi MBA gim p t ngu 500kV nn t bo v khong cch khi c yu cu bo
m d phng xa hoc phi hp vi cc bo v ca cc li in in p ln cn; cng
nn t cc bo v nu i vi cc MBA t ngu 220kV.
2. V tr lp t bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha bn ngoi:
a) i vi MBA hai cun dy - t pha ngun cung cp chnh;
b) i vi MBA nhiu cun dy c ba my ct tr ln - t mi pha ca MBA, tuy nhin
cng cho php khng t bo v mt trong cc pha, nhng bo v t pha ngun
cung cp chnh phi c hai cp thi gian v cp thi gian ngn hn cho tc ng ct my
ct pha khng t bo v ny;
c) i vi MBA gim p hai cun dy cung cp cho cc phn on lm vic ring r - t
pha ngun cung cp v cc pha ca tng phn on.
Khi thc hin bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha bn ngoi phi theo im a Khon 1
iu ny v cng phi xem xt kh nng cn thit phi thm bo v dng in ct nhanh
ct ngn mch trn thanh ci pha h p v pha trung p vi thi gian ngn hn (cn
c vo mc dng in ngn mch, c t bo v ring cho thanh ci, kh nng phi hp
vi bo v ca cc l ra).
iu 424. Bo v chng chm t cho MBA
i vi MBA gim p v khi MBA - ng dy, c in p pha cao p n 35kV v cun
dy pha h p ni hnh sao vi trung tnh ni t, phi c bo v chng ngn mch 1 pha
chm t li h p bng cch dng:
- Bo v dng in chng ngn mch ngoi t pha cao p ca MBA v nu cn bo
m nhy cao c th dng s ba r le;
- Aptomat hoc cu chy u ra pha h p;
- Bo v th t khng c bit t dy trung tnh ca MBA (khi nhy ca bo v trn
khng bo m).
iu 425. Bo v chng qu ti
i vi MBA cng sut 0,4MVA tr ln tu theo cng sut khai thc v kh nng chu qu
ti nn t bo v qu dng in chng qu ti.

Mc 4.2-4. H thng bo v khi MBA v my pht in

iu 426. H thng r le bo v
1. i vi khi MBA - my pht in cng sut my pht in 10MW tr ln phi c nhng
bo v chng cc dng s c v ch lm vic khng bnh thng sau:
- Ngn mch chm t pha in p my pht in;
- Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cun dy stato my pht in v cc u ra ca chng;
- Ngn mch gia cc vng dy ca 1 pha trong cun dy stato my pht in;
- Ngn mch nhiu pha trong cc cun dy MBA v trn cc u ra MBA;
- Ngn mch 1 pha chm t trong cun dy MBA v trn u ra ni vi li c dng in
chm t ln;
- Ngn mch gia cc vng dy trong cc cun dy MBA;
- Ngn mch ngoi;
- Qu ti MBA do dng in th t nghch (i vi khi c my pht in cng sut ln hn
158

30MW);
- Qu ti i xng ca cun dy stato my pht in v cc cun dy MBA;
- Qu ti cun dy rto ca my pht in do dng in kch thch (i vi my pht in
tuabin lm mt trc tip dy dn cun dy v i vi my pht in tuabin nc);
- in p tng cao trn cun dy stato ca my pht in v MBA ca khi (i vi my
pht in tuabin cng sut 160MW tr ln v i vi tt c cc khi c my pht in
tuabin nc);
- Ngn mch chm t mt im v hai im trong mch kch thch;
- Ch khng ng b km mt kch thch;
- H thp mc du trong MBA;
- Phng in cc b cch in u vo 500kV ca MBA.
2. Ngoi bo v tc ng ct my, tt c cc khi my pht in - MBA cng sut ln hn
30MW phi c tn hiu bo qu ti dng in th t nghch.
3. Nhng quy nh v bo v my pht in v MBA tng p khi chng lm vic ring r
cng p dng nh khi chng u theo s khi my pht in - MBA (MBA t ngu) kt
hp vi iu 428.
iu 427. Bo v d phng i vi khi MBA my pht in
Bo v d phng ca khi MBA - my pht in phi tnh n cc yu cu sau:
1. pha in p my pht in ca MBA khng t bo v m s dng bo v ca my
pht in.
2. Bo v d phng xa c hai cp thi gian: cp th nht - tch s pha cao p ca
khi (v d ct my ct lin lc thanh ci v my ct phn on), cp th hai - ct khi ra
khi li in.
3. Bo v d phng gn phi dp t ca my pht in v i ct khi (hoc my pht in)
ra khi li.
4. Tng cp bo v hoc bo v d phng ca khi tu thuc vo nhim v ca chng khi
dng lm bo v d phng xa v d phng gn, c th c mt, hai hoc ba cp thi gian.
5. Mch khi ng in p ca bo v nn t pha in p my pht in v pha li
in.
6. i vi cc bo v chnh v cc bo v d phng, thng thng c r le u ra ring v
ngun in thao tc mt chiu c cung cp t cc aptomat khc nhau.
iu 428. S phi hp ca r le bo v cho ng dy v khi
i vi khi my pht in - MBA - ng dy th bo v chnh ca ng dy v bo v
d phng t pha h thng in phi c thc hin theo yu cu ca Phn bo v
ng dy; cn t pha khi th chc nng bo v d phng cc ng dy phi c
tr thnh bo v d phng ca khi.

Mc 4.2-5. H thng bo v DK v cp trong li trung tnh cch ly

iu 429. H thng r le bo v cho DK v cp trong li trung tnh cch ly
i vi ng dy DK v ng cp in p 6-35kV c trung tnh cch ly (k c trung
tnh ni t qua cun dp h quang) phi c thit b r le bo v chng ngn mch nhiu
pha v r le chng chm t 1 pha.
Cc ng dy v cp nn c thit b ghi li cc thng s v tnh trng s c.
iu 430. Trang b r le bo v chng ngn mch
Bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha phi t trn 2 pha v 2 pha cng tn ca ton b
159

li in bo m ch ct mt im h hng, trong phn ln trng hp ngn

mch 2 pha chm t ti hai im.
c php s dng s 3 phn t r le nng cao nhy khi xy ra ngn mch
pha sau ca MBA kt ni sao-tam gic.
iu 431. Thi gian tc ng ca bo v chng ngn mch
i vi ng dy n cung cp t mt pha, bo v ngn mch nhiu pha phi trang
b bo v dng in c hai cp, cp th nht dng bo v ct nhanh, cn cp th hai
dng bo v qu dng in c c tnh thi gian ph thuc hoc bo v qu dng vi c
tnh thi gian khng ph thuc phi hp vi bo v km p.
iu 432. La chn bo v ngn mch
i vi nhng ng dy n c ngun cung cp t hai pha, c hoc khng c lin lc
vng cng nh i vi ng dy trong li in mch vng kn c mt ngun cung cp
phi t cc bo v nh i vi ng dy n c ngun cung cp t mt pha (xem
iu 431), bo v cn thit phi ct c hng.
iu 433. Bo v chng chm t
Bo v chng 1 pha chm t phi thc hin dng:
Bo v chn lc (thit lp theo hng s c) tc ng bo tn hiu.
Bo v chn lc (thit lp theo hng s c) tc ng ct khi cn thit theo yu cu
v an ton; bo v phi t tt c cc phn t c ngun cung cp trong ton b
li in.
Thit b kim tra cch in, trong trng hp ny, pht hin phn t s c phi thc
hin bng cc thit b chuyn dng. Cho php tm phn t s c bng cch ct ln
lt tng l.
iu 434. Phn t r le cho cc ng dy truyn ti song song
i vi cc ng song song c hai hoc nhiu ngun cp, cng nh ti u c ngun
cp song song mt pha ng dy, c th dng r le bo v nh khi dng cho cc
ng dy n.

Mc 4.2-6. H thng bo v DK v cp trong li trung tnh ni t

iu 435. H thng r le bo v cho DK v cp trong li trung tnh ni t
i vi ng dy (DK hoc ng cp) trong li in cp in p t 15kV n
500kV trung tnh ni t hiu qu, phi c thit b bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha v
ngn mch chm t.
DK v ng cp in cp in p t 110kV n 500kV c trang b my ghi s c
ghi li cc thng s v thng s s c hoc r le bo v c chc nng ghi s c v
xc nh im s c.
iu 436. Bin php i ph vi dao ng v khng ng b
Cc bo v phi c thit b kho chng dao ng nu trong li c kh nng c dao ng
hoc khng ng b dn n bo v lm vic sai.
iu 437. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho DK 110kV n 500kV
- i vi DK 220kV quan trng v DK 500kV phi c trang b b bo v kp tc
ng tc thi khi ngn mch bt c im no trn on ng dy c bo v;
- i vi DK 220kV tr ln nu tnh ton qu in p xut hin qu mc cho php khi
mt ti v mt my ct ng dy b ct do bo v tc ng, th cn phi t b sung
160

mch ct lin ng ct cc my ct u i din ca ng dy ny;

- i vi DK 110 - 220kV vic chn loi bo v chnh, phi dng bo v tc ng nhanh
khi ngn mch bt c im no trn on ng dy c bo v duy tr yu cu
lm vic n nh ca h thng in;
- i vi ng cp ngm in p 220kV tr ln, ngoi thc hin bo v nh DK; cn
phi lp t cm bin nhit gim st nhit lm vic ca cp v bo v nhit
tng cao.
Chi tit Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho DK v ng cp xem Ph lc 4.3-4.
iu 438. Phn t r le i vi ng dy 220kV tr ln li hnh tia
i vi ng dy in p 220kV tr ln mng hnh tia c ngun cung cp t mt pha
chng ngn mch nhiu pha cn trang b bo v dng in c cp hoc bo v dng
in phi hp bo v km in p c cp.
i vi ng dy truyn ti, bo v khong cch c s dng lm bo v chnh v
bo v qu dng in c s dng lm bo v d phng bo v ngn mch ti u
ng dy.
chng ngn mch chm t, v nguyn tc, phi s dng bo v dng in th t
khng c nh nht 2 cp thi gian, c hng hoc khng c hng v cng theo nguyn
tc , bo v phi c lp t nhng pha m c th cp in ti.
iu 439. Phn t r le i vi mng mch vng ng dy 220kV tr ln
i vi ng dy n 220kV tr ln c ngun cung cp t hai hoc nhiu pha, c hoc
khng c lin h mch vng, cng nh ng dy trong mch vng kn c mt ngun
cung cp, bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha phi dng bo v khong cch lm bo
v chnh v lm bo v d phng khi ng dy c bo v so lch theo quy nh.
iu 440. Phn t r le i vi ng dy song song ca li trung tnh ni t
hiu qu
i vi ng dy song song c ngun cung cp t hai hoc nhiu pha cng nh i
vi u ngun cung cp ca ng dy song song c mt ngun cung cp t mt pha
c th s dng cc bo v tng ng nh vi ng dy n.
u ng dy song song c ngun cung cp t mt pha thng thng phi t bo
v so lch ngang c hng.
iu 441. Phn t r le thay th bo v tc thi
Nu bo v theo iu 439 v iu 440 khng t yu cu v tc ng nhanh, phi s
dng bo v cao tn v bo v so lch dc lm bo v chnh ca ng dy n v bo
v so lch ngang lm bo v chnh ca ng dy song song c ngun cung cp t hai
pha.
Trong trng hp cc bo v trn c s dng th cc bo v sau s c s dng lm
bo v d phng:
- Bo v chng ngn mch nhiu pha, thng dng bo v khong cch, ch yu l ba
cp;
- Bo v chng ngn mch chm t thng dng bo v dng in c hng c cp
hoc bo v dng in th t khng khng c hng.
iu 442. tin cy ca r le bo v ng dy truyn ti 500kV
Bo v chnh v cp tc ng nhanh ca bo v d phng chng ngn mch nhiu pha
ng dy 500kV phi c thit lp bo m chc nng bnh thng ca chng ti
161

ch vn hnh bnh thng trong iu kin qu in t qu mnh v dung dn ca

ng dy qu ln.
iu 443. Phn t r le i vi ng dy phn phi 6-35kV
ng dy 6-35kV trong li phn phi, nu khng c yu cu c bit, ch cn t bo
v dng in ct nhanh, bo v qu dng in v bo v chm t nu vn bo m tnh
chn lc.

Mc 4.2-7. H thng bo v t b
iu 444. Phn t bo v ca t b ngang trn DK
T b ngang t phn tn trn DK c bo v n gin bng cu chy hoc cu chy
t ri ph hp.
iu 445. Phn t bo v ca t b ngang ti trm
B t b ngang t tp trung ti trm thng c t sau my ct v c cc bo v sau
y:
- Cu chy bo v ring cho tng t in n l. Cu chy c th t bn ngoi hoc
bn trong bnh t;
- Bo v qu dng in cho tng pha;
- Bo v dng in khng cn bng gia cc nhnh trong 1 pha v/hoc bo v dng
in khng cn bng gia cc pha;
- Bo v qu in p.
Ngoi cc bo v trn, cc b t b thng c t b t ng ng t vo lm vic (ton
b hoc tng phn) v t ng sa thi t khi vn hnh (ton b hoc tng phn), c
chnh nh theo yu cu c th ca h thng.
iu 446. Phn t r le i vi t b dc
T b dc c t cc bo v ging nh t b ngang nh theo cng cch nu trong
iu 445, ch khc l khi bo v tc ng th khng ct phn t t c bo v ra khi
li in, m tc ng ng my ct u tt (by pass) t c 3 pha cc phn t t in.
Nu bo v t b dc khi ng m khng tc ng u tt c my ct, th s lin
ng i ct cc my ct ng dy pha c ngun.

Mc 4.2-8. H thng bo v thanh ci

iu 447. Phn t r le bo v i vi thanh ci in p 110kV tr ln
H thng thanh ci in p 110kV tr ln ca nh my in v trm bin p di y
phi c thit b r le bo v ring:
- H thng hai thanh ci (h thng thanh ci kp, s mt ri, v.v.) v h thng thanh
ci n c phn on;
- H thng thanh ci n khng phn on, nu vic ct s c trn thanh ci bng vic
tc ng ca bo v cc phn t u vo thanh ci khng th thc hin.
iu 448. Phn t r le bo v i vi thanh ci in p 35kV
Phi t cc bo v ring cho thanh ci in p 35kV ca nh my in v trm bin p
trong cc trng hp sau:
- i vi h thng hai thanh ci hoc thanh ci phn on, trong trng hp dng bo v
ring t my ct thanh ci (hoc my ct phn on), hoc bo v t phn t cung
cp in cho h thng thanh ci khng t tin cy cung cp in cho cc h tiu th
(c tnh n kh nng bo m bng cc thit b TL v TD);
162

- i vi thanh ci ca thit b phn phi kn, khng cn lp t r le bo v thanh ci.

iu 449. R le so lch cho thanh ci in p 110kV tr ln
bo v thanh ci ca nh my in v trm bin p c in p 110kV tr ln nn t
bo v so lch dng in khng thi gian bao trm ton b cc phn t u vo thanh ci
hoc phn on thanh ci.
i vi h thng thanh ci kp ca nh my in v trm bin p c in p 110kV tr
ln mi mch u vo thanh ci u c mt my ct v phi dng bo v so lch dng
in cho thanh ci.
iu 450. Phn t r le bo v i vi my ct ng vng v my ct phn on
1. My ct ng vng 110kV tr ln lm vic ring r vi my ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc
my ct phn on) phi c cc bo v sau y ( s dng khi cn kim tra hoc sa
cha cc bo v, my ct v my bin dng ca bt k phn t no ni vo thanh ci):
- Bo v khong cch ba cp v bo v dng in ct nhanh chng ngn mch nhiu pha;
- Bo v dng in th t khng bn cp c hng chng ngn mch chm t.
2. My ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct phn on) 110kV tr ln kim chc nng my ct
ng vng phi c nhng bo v ging nh ca my ct ng vng lm vic ring r nu
Khon 1 iu ny.
Nn d kin kh nng chuyn cc bo v chnh tc ng nhanh ca ng dy 110kV tr
ln sang my ct ng vng.
3. My ct lin lc thanh ci hoc my ct phn on (s dng tch h thng thanh ci
hoc phn on thanh ci) phi c bo v sau y:
- Bo v dng in hai cp chng ngn mch nhiu pha;
- Bo v dng in th t khng ba cp chng ngn mch chm t.
Cho php t bo v phc tp hn trn my ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct phn
on) nu iu cn thit tng tnh hiu qu ca d phng xa.
3. Trn my ct lin lc thanh ci (hoc my ct phn on) 6-35kV t bo v dng in
hai cp chng ngn mch nhiu pha.
iu 451. Phn t r le bo v cp ngm
Phn t r le bo v cp ngm c la chn v iu chnh theo cc yu cu nh DK
v ng cp c trung tnh ni t hoc khng ni t.
iu 452. Bo v chm t cho cp ngm
i vi bo v chm t cp ngm, phi tnh n sng hi do in dung cp to ra dn
n s lm vic sai ca bo v, do phi c bin php ngn nga.
in dung cp ngm ln nhng dng chm t nh, do cn lu ti nhy ca r le
bo v chm t phi pht hin s c chm t.

Mc 4.2-9. Mch in th cp
iu 453. Phm vi p dng
Phn ny p dng cho cc mch th cp.
iu 454. in p s dng
in p lm vic ca mch th cp khng c ln hn 500V. Trng hp mch th
cp khng lin lc vi mch th cp khc v thit b ca mch b tr ring bit th in
p lm vic c php n 1kV. Vic u ni mch th cp phi ph hp vi mi trng
xung quanh v cc tiu chun v an ton.
163

iu 455. Yu cu v tit din, chnh xc v bn c hc

Tit din rut cp v dy dn phi p ng c cc yu cu bo v chng ngn mch
khng thi gian v dng in ph ti lu di cho php cng nh bn c hc; ng thi
phi chu c tc ng nhit (i vi mch i t my bin dng), cng nh bo m
thit b lm vic vi cp chnh xc v st p ca my bin in p.
iu 456. Rut cp dng chung
Cho php dng chung cp nhiu rut cho cc mch iu khin, o lng, bo v v tn
hiu dng in mt chiu v xoay chiu cng nh mch lc cp in cho nhng ph ti
cng sut nh (v d nh ng c ca cc van). Nhng tng lng ti ni ti my bin
dng v bin in p khng c vt qu cng sut nh mc.
iu 457. Lp t cp
Vic chn loi dy dn v cp dng cho cc mch th cp, phng php lp t v bo
v phi xt n cc yu cu lin quan Chng 2.1.
Cp ca mch th cp ca my bin in p 110kV tr ln ni t my bin in p n
cc bng in phi c v bc kim loi v ni t hai u.
iu 458. An ton ca mch u ni
Cc hng kp u dy, cc tip im ph ca my ct, thit b cch ly v cc thit b
khc, cng nh dy ni t phi b tr bo m an ton khi nhn vin vn hnh lm vic
vi chng m khng ct in mch s cp c in p trn 1kV.
iu 459. Cch in ca mch in
Cch in ca b phn trong mch th cp phi ph hp vi in p lm vic ca ngun
(hoc my bin p cch ly) cung cp cho mch ny. Phng php bo v mch
Ngun cp in cho mi mch th cp phi qua aptomat ring.
iu 460. H thng tn hiu khi hot ng bt thng hoc h hng
Cc trang b in phi c h thng t ng bo tn hiu khi h thng hot ng khng
bnh thng v/hoc xut hin h hng.
iu 461. Ni t mch th cp ca my bin p o lng
- Ni t trong mch th cp ca my bin dng phi c thc hin ti mt im gn
my bin dng trn dy hng kp hoc trn cc cc ca my bin dng.
- Cun th cp ca my bin in p phi ni t im trung tnh hoc mt trong cc
u ra ca cun dy c yu cu ni t.
CHNG 4.3 H THNG O LNG IN

Mc 4.3-1. H thng o m in nng

iu 462. Yu cu chung
1. H thng o m in nng c quy nh c 2 loi:
a) H thng o m in nng chnh (cng t chnh hoc cng t thanh ton) c lp
t xc nh chnh xc, y cc i lng o m, giao nhn in nng qua im
u ni v loi tr c cc yu t nh hng n kt qu o m ca h thng in,
lm c s cho vic thanh ton gia bn bn in v bn mua in;
b) H thng o m in nng d phng (cng t ph) c lp t thc hin cc
chc nng sau:
164

- Thay th cho h thng o m in nng chnh, lm c s tnh ton cc i lng mua

bn in trong trng hp h thng o m in nng chnh hot ng khng chnh xc
hoc b s c;
- H tr vic gim st, kim tra kt qu o m ca h thng o m in nng chnh
trong trng hp h thng o m m in nng chnh lm vic bnh thng;
- Kt hp vi h thng o m in nng chnh v cc h thng o m d phng khc
tnh ton sn lng in nng giao nhn trong mt s trng hp c bit.
2. Cc h thng o m in nng c lp t cho h thng in:
a) H thng o m in nng in p 110kV tr ln
- i vi li in in p 110kV tr ln, ti im u ni b tr mt (01) cng t chnh v
mt (01) v tr lp cng t d phng;
- i vi cc nh my in u ni vi li in in p 110kV tr ln, ti mi im u
ni b tr mt (01) cng t chnh v hai (02) v tr lp cng t d phng;
b) H thng o m in nng trn 1kV n 35kV
- i vi li in in p trn 1kV n 35kV, ti im u ni b tr mt (01) cng t
chnh. Cc bn mua bn in s tha thun lp cng t d phng nu thy cn thit;
- i vi cc nh my in u ni vi li in in p trn 1kV n 35kV, ti mi im
u ni b tr mt (01) cng t chnh v mt (01) v tr lp cng t d phng;
c) H thng o m in nng h p
Ti im u ni cp in p h p, b tr mt (01) cng t chnh. Cc bn mua bn in
s tha thun lp cng t d phng nu thy cn thit.
Cng t v phng tin o lin quan nh: my bin dng o lng, my bin p o
lng phi ph hp vi quy nh cho tng h thng o m in nng.
Yu cu i vi thit b ca h thng o m in nng xem Ph lc 4.5-1
3. V tr lp t cng t
Cng t in c lp t trng hoc gn vi im kt ni hoc ti mt v tr thun tin
tho thun gia cc bn mua bn in.
iu 463. Yu cu u ni ca H thng o m in nng
Tit din v chiu di dy dn ni cng t vi my bin dng o lng, my bin p o
lng phi bo m cc bin in o lng lm vic chnh xc v st p trong mch
in p n cng t khng c vt qu 0.5% so vi in p danh nh.
Chi tit yu cu u ni h thng o m in nng xem Ph lc 4.5-2.
iu 464. Yu cu k thut i vi nim phong, cp ch v bo mt
H thng o m in nng bao gm hp u dy, my bin dng o lng, my bin p
o lng, ng h in, v.v. phi c nim phong kp ch ngn chn s tip cn tri
php.
Chi tit yu cu k thut i vi nim phong, cp ch v bo mt xem Ph lc 4.5-3.

Mc 4.3-2. H thng o lng in

iu 465. Phm vi p dng
o lng in p dng cho vic o in bng dng c o c nh, khng p dng cho
vic o in trong phng th nghim, o in bng cc dng c o xch tay v cc dng
c o khn cp dng o trong cc iu kin s c.

165

iu 466. Yu cu i vi cc dng c o in
Cc dng c o in phi bo m chnh xc theo quy nh sau:
- Dng c o ch th bng kim v my t ghi phi c cp chnh xc 1,0 2,5;
- Dng c o in t phi c cp chnh xc 1,0.
iu 467. Yu cu i vi h thng o
1. o in p v kim tra cch in:
a) o in p dy trong li in 3 pha in p trn 1kV c dng chm t ln bng mt
vnmt km theo kha chuyn mch;
b) o in p dy trong li in 3 pha in p trn 1kV c dng chm t nh bng ba
vnmt;
c) o in p pha trong li in 3 pha in h p; o in p dy khi c yu cu c
bit;
d) o in p khi ha ng b
- Hai vnmt hoc mt vnmt kp;
- ng b k hoc vnmt ch khng;
- Hai tn s k hoc mt tn s k kp;
- R le chng ho sai (r le ho ng b).
) Phi t b kim tra cch in trong li in trn 1kV c dng in chm t nh,
trong li in n 1kV c trung tnh cch ly v trong li in mt chiu c im gia
cch ly;
e) V tr lp t vnmt:
- Tng phn on thanh ci in p xoay chiu hoc mt chiu khi phn on c th
lm vic ring bit;
- Ti TBA h p, c th ch o in p h p nu khng c bin in p pha cao p;
- Mch xoay chiu v mt chiu ca my pht in, my b ng b;
- Trong mch kch thch ca my in ng b cng sut t 1MW tr ln. Khng bt buc
i vi my pht thu in;
- T cquy, my np v ph np;
- Trong mch ca cun dp h quang.
2. o dng in:
a) o dng in trong li in 3 pha bng 1 ampemt nu ch gim st;
b) o dng in trong li in 3 pha bng 3 ampemt hoc 1 ampemt km chuyn
mch cho:
- My pht in xoay chiu 3 pha c cng sut danh nh t 200kW tr ln;
- ng dy c b dc;
- ng dy in p n 500kV;
- Cc cun dy ca MBA in p 110kV tr ln;
- ng dy cp cho l in h quang;
- My ct phn on.
c) Ampemt t ti thit b in mt chiu c th u trc tip hoc u qua sun;
d) Phi t ampemt t ghi nu qu trnh cng ngh yu cu;
) V tr lp t dng c o dng in trong li in xoay chiu:
- Cc mch cn kim tra trong qu trnh vn hnh;
- u ra cc my pht in, u ra cc cun dy MBA, u ng dy hoc ph ti cao p
v trung p, u ng dy hoc ph ti h p quan trng;
e) V tr lp t dng c o dng in trong li in mt chiu:
- Cc mch ca my pht in mt chiu v b chnh lu;
166

- Mch cquy, pin mt tri;

- Mch kch thch my pht, my b v ng c ng b.
3. o cng sut:
Phi o cng sut theo cc yu cu sau:
a) o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng cho tng my pht in. i vi my
pht in 100MW tr ln, phi dng ng h c cp chnh xc 1,0;
b) o cng sut tc dng i vi tng my bin p v ng dy 6kV tr ln cp in t
dng cho nh my in;
c) o cng sut phn khng ca my b ng b v t b 25MVAr tr ln;
d) o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng ca MBA tng p hai cun dy ca nh
my in;
) o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng pha h p v trung p ca MBA tng
p ba cun dy (k c my bin p t ngu c s dng cun dy th ba) ca nh my
in. i vi MBA lm vic trong khi vi my pht in, vic o cng sut pha h p
thc hin mch my pht in;
e) Trm bin p:
- o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng cho tng cho tng cun dy ca my
bin p 110kV tr ln;
- o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng cho my bin p nng p in p n
35kV.
- Khng cn o cng sut cc my bin p phn phi h p.
- Ti nhng my bin p khng ch cng sut theo ma th phi c ch u ng h o
cng sut di ng.
f) ng dy:
- o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng DK 110kV tr ln, my ct mch vng.
- o cng sut tc dng v phn khng xut tuyn t cc trm nng p 35kV.
- o cng sut tc dng ng dy trn 1kV n 35kV xut tuyn t cc trm 110kV tr
ln.
g) Phi d kin v tr u dng c di ng o cng sut ti cc im cn kim tra nh k
dng cng sut tc dng v phn khng.
4. o tn s:
a) V tr lp t dng c o tn s:
- Mi phn on ca thanh ci in p my pht in;
- Ti u ra my pht in ca khi;
- Mi h thng thanh ci in p cao ca nh my in;
- Ti cc nt c kh nng phn chia h thng in ra cc phn lm vic khng ng b;
- Ti v tr theo yu cu ca c quan iu h thng in.
b) V tr lp t dng c ghi tn s:
- Nh my in c cng sut t 200MW tr ln trong h thng;
- Nh my in c cng sut t 6MW tr ln vn hnh c lp.

167

PH LC
PHN 1: QUY NH CHUNG
1.2. NHNG YU CU CHUNG
Ph lc 1.2-1: SN V NH S TRONG H THNG IN
Cc dy dn hoc thanh dn ca cc mch in u ni khc nhau, c phn bit bng
sn mu nh sau:
1. Quy nh chung:
a) i vi thanh ci cng: sn trc tip ln thanh ci;
b) i vi thanh ci lm bng dy dn mm: sn mu cc pha chn s ca thit b
hoc chm sn x mc dy dn.
2. Quy nh mu cho cc pha:
a) i vi li in xoay chiu 3 pha: pha A mu vng, pha B mu xanh l cy, pha C
mu , thanh ci trung tnh li in trung tnh cch ly c sn mu trng, thanh ci
trung tnh li in c trung tnh ni t trc tip c sn mu en;
b) i vi li in 1 pha: dy dn ni im u ca cun dy MBA 1-pha c mu vng,
dy dn ni im cui cun dy MBA ny, mu . Nu thanh dn ca li in 1 pha
c r nhnh t thanh ci ca li in 3 pha th phi c sn theo quy nh v mu
cc pha trong li in 3 pha;
c) i vi li in mt chiu: thanh ci dng (+) mu , thanh ci m (-) mu xanh l
cy v thanh trung tnh mu trng.
3. Quy nh cch b tr v sn cc thanh ci:
a) i vi s c nhiu h thng thanh ci th thanh ci gn my bin p nht l thanh
ci 1;
b) i vi thit b phn phi trong nh, in xoay chiu 3 pha:
- i vi thanh ci b tr chiu thng ng: thanh ci pha trn (A) mu vng, thanh ci
gia (B) mu xanh l cy, thanh ci pha di (C) mu .
Khi cc thanh ci b tr hng ngang, nm nghing hoc theo hnh tam gic, thanh ci xa
nht (A) mu vng, thanh ci gia (B) mu xanh l cy, thanh ci gn nht (C) mu .
Trong trng hp ngi c th tip cn t 2 pha, thanh ci gn hng ro hoc tng
nht (A) mu vng, thanh ci xa nht i vi tng ro hoc hng ro (C) mu .
- Cc nhnh t thanh ci: nu nhn t hnh lang thao tc, nhnh tri (A) mu vng, nhnh
gia (B) mu xanh l cy v nhnh bn phi (C) mu .
c) i vi thit b phn phi ngoi tri, in xoay chiu 3 pha:
- Cc thanh ci v thanh ci vng: thanh ci gn my bin p lc nht (A) mu vng,
thanh ci gia (B) mu xanh l cy v thanh ci xa nht (C) mu .
- Cc thanh r nhnh t h thng thanh ci: nu nhn t thit b phn phi ngoi tri vo
cc cc u ra ca my bin p lc, thanh ci bn tri (A) mu vng, thanh ci gia (B)
mu xanh l cy v thanh ci bn phi (C) mu .
- ng dy vo trm: nu nhn t pha ng dy i vo trm, ti v tr u ni, dy dn
bn tri (A) mu vng, dy dn gia (B) mu xanh l cy v dy dn bn phi (C) mu
.
4. Quy nh i vi in mt chiu:

168

a) Khi cc thanh ci c b tr thng ng: thanh ci pha trn (thanh trung tnh) mu
trng; thanh ci m (-) gia mu xanh l cy; thanh ci dng (+) thp nht mu ;
b) Khi cc thanh ci c b tr nm ngang: nu nhn t pha hnh lang vn hnh, thanh
trung tnh xa nht mu trng, thanh ci gia (-) mu xanh l cy v thanh ci gn nht
(+) mu ;
c) Cc thanh r nhnh t thanh ci: nu nhn t pha hnh lang vn hnh, thanh tri
(thanh trung tnh) mu trng, thanh gia (-) mu xanh l cy, thanh phi (+) mu ;
d) Trng hp c bit, nu thc hin nh trn m gp kh khn v lp t hoc phi xy
thm kt cu cc thanh ci lm nhim v o mch th cho php thay i th t lp
t cc thanh.
Ph lc 1.2-2: VT LIU CHO THIT B IN
Theo tnh cht l hc, vt liu k thut in c chia thnh cc loi sau:
1. Vt liu chu h quang l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht di tc ng ca h quang
trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
2. Vt liu chu m l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht di tc ng ca m.
3. Vt liu chu nhit l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht di tc ng ca nhit cao
hoc thp.
4. Vt liu chu ho cht l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht di tc ng ca ho cht.
5. Vt liu chu la l vt liu khng chy hoc khng ho thnh than, cn khi b t th
khng t tip tc chy hoc khng chy m . Theo cp chu la (FRL), vt liu v kt cu
xy dng c chia thnh 3 nhm nh trong bng sau:
Bng 14: Cp chu la i vi vt liu v kt cu xy dng
Nhm
Nhm khng
chy

Tnh bt la ca vt liu

Tnh bt la ca kt cu

Di tc ng ca la hoc Kt cu c lm t vt liu
nhit cao, vt liu khng khng chy hoc c tnh khng
bt la, khng t chy lin bt la ca vt liu khng chy.
tc, khng ha thnh than.

Nhm kh chy

Di tc ng ca la hoc
nhit cao, vt liu kh
bt la, kh chy lin tc,
kh ha thnh than. Khi
c tch ra khi ngun
la, vt liu ngng chy.

Kt cu c lm t vt liu
kh chy hoc vt liu chy
c bo v bi vt liu khng
chy v c tnh kh bt la ca
vt liu kh chy.

Nhm d chy

Di tc ng ca la hoc
nhit cao, vt liu bt la
hoc tip tc chy. Khi
c tch ra khi ngun la
vt liu tip tc chy hoc
chy thp.

Kt cu c lm t vt liu
chy khng c bo v bi
vt liu khng chy v c mc
bt la ca vt liu d chy.

169

1.3. YU CU V KHU VC XY DNG

Ph lc 1.3: KHU VC MI TRNG NHIM
Khu vc mi trng b nhim c phn loi theo mc trm trng ca nhim ti
a im xy dng cng trnh in theo cc mc nh sau:
a - Rt nh
b - Nh
c - Trung bnh
d - Nng
e - Rt nng.
Bng 16: Phn loi mi trng (SPS)
M t loi mi trng

Loi SPS

Khong cch > 50km t bin

Khong cch > 10km t nhng ngun nhim nhn to(*1)
a
trong khong cch nh hn khong cch nu trn t cc ngun nhim nhng:
Rt nh
gi thnh hnh khng thi trc tip t cc ngun nhim ny
v/hoc c ma lm sch hng thng
Khong cch 10-50km t bin
Khong cch 5-10km t nhng ngun nhim nhn to(*1)
b
trong khong cch nh hn khong cch nu trn t cc ngun nhim nhng:
Nh
gi thnh hnh khng thi trc tip t cc ngun nhim ny
v/hoc c ma lm sch hng thng
Khong cch 3-10km t bin
Khong cch 1-5km t nhng ngun nhim nhn to(*1)
trong khong cch nh hn khong cch nu trn t cc ngun nhim nhng:
gi thnh hnh khng thi trc tip t cc ngun nhim ny
v/hoc c ma lm sch hng thng
c
Trung
C khong cch ti ngun nhim nh quy nh cho khu vc Nh, nhng:
bnh
c sng m dy (hoc ma phn) thng xy ra trong mt thi gian di (vi
tun hoc vi thng) sau ma kh tch nhiu bi
v/hoc c ma to vi dn in cao
v/hoc c mc NSDD (khng c kh nng ha tan) cao, nm trong khong t 5
n 10 ln ESDD (c kh nng ha tan)
Trong khong 3 km t bin
Trong khong 1 km t cc ngun nhim nhn to(*1)
C khong cch ti ngun nhim nh quy nh cho khu vc Trung bnh,
d
nhng:
Nng
c sng m dy (hoc ma phn) thng xy ra trong mt thi gian di (vi
tun hoc vi thng) sau ma kh tch nhiu bi
v/hoc c mc NSDD cao, nm trong khong t 5 n 10 ln ESDD
C khong cch ti ngun nhim nh quy nh cho vng Nng v:
b nh hng trc tip ca hi nc bin hoc sng mui (mn) dy c.
e
hoc b nh hng trc tip t cc cht bn c dn in cao, hoc bi dng xi Rt nng
mng c mt cao v thng xuyn b t bi sng m hoc ma phn
Ghi ch: (*1) Ngun nhim nhn to l ngun nhim nng cho mi trng v nh hng
trc tip n cng trnh in nh nh my ha cht, v.v.

170

1.4. YU CU V HNH LANG AN TON

Ph lc 1.4-1: HNH LANG AN TON CA DK
Khong cch thng ng

Khong cch nm ngang

Hnh lang an ton

Ph lc 1.4-2: HNH LANG AN TON CA NG CP NGM

Cp t trong mng cp

Cp t trong khi cp

Cp t trong ho cp

Hnh lang an ton

Ho cp
Khi cp

Khong cch
nm ngang

su

Mng cp

171

1.5. YU CU I VI MI TRNG
Ph lc 1.5-1: BO V CHNG TC HI CA MI TRNG
1. Xy dng:
Mng xy dng trong khu vc nc ngm c tnh n mn cao phi s dng xi mng bn
sulfat.
2. Bo v b mt: Cc kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh in v phn kim loi h ca b
tng ct thp phi c bo v chng n mn bng sn hoc m lm tng sc bn v
gim s n mn cc phn kim loi :
a) Sn: S dng cc bin php sn hp l cho tng thit b hoc kt cu bng sn phun,
sn tnh in, v.v.
b) Sn m km ngui: S dng phun km hoc sn giu km c hm lng hn 94%
bt kim loi km trong mng sn kh c dng hon thin v ko di tui th chng
n mn vi lp sn c dy khong 80m.
b) M: Chn phng php m v dy lp m km cho tng trng hp s dng theo
bng sau:
Bng 23-1: Phng php m km v dy ca lp m
Phng php m

M nhng nng

M in
Phun km
Sn nhiu km
(1 lp)

Vt liu
Kt cu
Bu lng v c
Phch cm ni
ng
Dy
Tm m km
Sn phm chung
Tm st
Sn phm chung

dy (m)
75 - 125
45 - 70
35 - 75
75 - 100
12 - 35
8 - 20
5 - 25
2-8
75 - 125

Sn phm chung

10 - 35

Khi lng km (g/m2)

525 - 875
315 - 190
245 - 525
525 - 700
84 - 245
56 - 140
35 - 175
14 - 56
525 - 875
70 - 245

Bng 23-2: Tui th ca m nhng nng trong kh quyn

V tr l sng

Tc g g/m2/nm

Tui th* (nm)

Khu th v

8,0

62

Khu vc nng thn

4,4

113

Khu vc ven bin

19,6

25

khu cng nghip

Tui th ca lp m nhng nng c tnh bng cng thc sau:

Tui th = Lng km / tc g * 0,9
*Ghi ch: Tui th nu trong bng trn c tnh t nhng gi nh sau:
- Lng km: 550g/m2
- Lng cn li ca lp m: 10%

172

Ph lc 1.5-2: H THNG THU GOM DU S C

Lp si hoc
dm bo v
chng chy

*b
*a

Vo b
cha du

(*a) Thu gom: ton b lng du

cch in ca my bin p.
Tnh ton cho c nc ma v
nc t h thng cha chy (nu c)

(*b) Thu gom: nh nht 20 % lng du

cch in t my bin p.
Lng du cn li thot vo b
cha du ring

Hnh 24-1: H thu du kt hp vi

b cha du cha du

Hnh 24-2: H thu du n b

cha du ring

Lp si bo v
chng chy

*c

(*c) Thu gom: ton b lng du cch

in ca my bin p ln nht.
Tnh ton cho c nc ma v nc
t h thng cha chy (nu c).

Hnh 24-3: H thu du kt hp vi b cha du chung

173

1.7. YU CU I VI H THNG NI T
Ph lc 1.7-1: KCH THC NH NHT CA DY NI T V DY TRUNG TNH
BO V
Tn

ng
Trong nh
Ngoi tri
Trong t

Nhm

Thp

Trong nh
Ngoi tri

Trong
nh

Ngoi
tri

Trong
t

Dy trn:
Tit din, mm2

ng knh, mm

10

1,5

2,5

Tit din rut ni t v ni trung tnh

ca cp hoc dy nhiu rut trong v
bo v chung vi cc rut pha, mm2

2,5

Chiu dy cnh thp gc, mm

2,5

Tit din thp thanh, mm2

24

48

48

2,5

2,5

2,5

3,5

2,5

Khng
cho
php

Tit din dy cch in, mm2

Chiu dy, mm
ng:
Chiu dy thnh ng, mm

ng thp mng:
Chiu dy thnh ng, mm

1,5

Ghi ch: Tt c cc chi tit bng thp phi c m km nhng nng

Ph lc 1.7-2: CC B PHN C S DNG LM DY NI T B SUNG
1. Cc b phn sau y c s dng lm ni t b sung:
a) ng dn nc bng kim loi v ng dn khc c chn trong t, tr cc ng ng
dn cht lng, kh d chy n;
b) ng chn trong t ca ging khoan;
c) Kt cu kim loi v b tng ct thp nm trong t ca to nh v cng trnh xy dng.
d) ng ng kim loi ca cng trnh thu li;
) V bc ch ca dy cp t trong t. Khng c php s dng v nhm ca dy cp
lm cc ni t t nhin;
e) ng ray ca cn trc, ng ray ni b x nghip nu nh gia cc thanh ray c
ni vi nhau bng cu ni.
B phn ni t t nhin phi c ni ti h thng ni t chnh t nht ti 2 im.
2. Cc b phn sau y c s dng lm dy trung tnh lm vic v dy trung tnh
bo v.
a) Kt cu kim loi ca ct b tng c hoc ct b tng ly tm;
174

b) Kt cu kim loi ca ngi nh (ko, ct, gi thit b, v.v.);

c) Kt cu kim loi (ng ray, cu trc, khung kim loi ca cc b phn giao thng i li,
thang my, hm sn, v.v.);
d) ng kim loi ca thit b in;
) ng kim loi dn nc, thot nc, dn hi nhit (tr cc ng dn cht chy n);
e) V cp bng nhm.

Ph lc 1.7-3: KCH THC NH NHT CA IN CC NI T

Kch thc nh nht
Vt liu

ng
knh

Loi dy

Tit din
(mm2)

dy
(mm)

(mm)
M km

Thp hnh ch nht

ng

90
25

Thp gc

Thp

Thp trn

16

Thp trn

10

3
2

320

(nm ngang)
C v bng ch

Thp trn

(nm ngang)
C v bng
ng

Thp trn

15

Thanh

Tm hnh ch nht

50

Hnh trn

25

(nm ngang)
ng

ng

20

M km

Bn hnh ch nht

50

C v bng
ng

Hnh trn

25

175

Ph lc 1.7-4: LI SAN BNG IN P

1. Li san bng in p
san bng in p v bo m vic ni thit b in vi h thng in cc ni t, trn
din tch t thit b in phi t cc in cc ni t nm ngang theo chiu di v chiu
rng ca din tch v ni chng vi nhau thnh li ni t.
Cc cc ni t theo chiu di phi t gia dy thit b in v pha i li vn hnh,
su t 0,5 n 0,8m v cch mng hoc b t thit b t nht l 0,2m. Nu cc thit b
in c t thnh cc dy, khong cch gia hai dy khng qu 3m th cho php t
mt in cc san bng in p chung gia hai dy thit b.
Cc in cc ni t theo chiu rng phi c t nhng v tr thun tin gia cc thit
b in su 0,5 n 0,8m. Khong cch gia chng nn ly tng ln k t li ngoi
cng n trung tm ca li ni t. Khi khong cch u tin v khong cch tip theo
k t li ngoi cng khng c vt qu 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,5; 9,0; 11,0; 13,5; 16,0 v
20,0m. Trong mi trng hp, khong cch gia cc in cc nm ngang khng c
ln hn 30m. Kch thc ca li ni t tip gip vi v tr ni im trung tnh v chng
st van ca my bin p lc vi in cc ni t khng nn vt qu 6mx6m.
Cc in cc nm ngang phi c t theo bin ca din tch t trang b ni t sao cho
to thnh mch vng khp kn.
Nu mch vng ni t b tr trong phm vi pha ngoi ca hng ro trm in th di ca
ra vo, st vi in cc nm ngang ngoi cng ca mch vng phi t thm hai cc ni
t san bng in p. Hai cc ni t ny phi c chiu di t 3 n 5m v khong cch
gia chng bng chiu rng ca ra vo.
2. Lp t trang b ni t
- Phi t mt mch vng ni t nm ngang bao quanh v tr ni t trung tnh v chng
st van ca my bin p lc.
- Khi trang b ni t b tr pha ngoi phm vi hng ro trm in th cc in cc ni t
nm ngang phi c t su khng nh hn 1m.
- Hng ro bn ngoi ca trm in khng phi ni t vi trang b ni t. Nu c DK
in p 110kV tr vt hng ro ra ngoi th hng ro ny phi c ni t bng cc cc
ni t c chiu di t 2 - 3m v c chn su cnh cc tr ca hng ro theo ton b chu
vi v cch nhau t 20 - 50m mt cc. Khng yu cu t cc ni t i vi hng ro c cc
tr bng kim loi hoc btng ct thp, nu ct thp ca cc tr ny c ni vi cc chi
tit kim loi ca hng ro v c ni vo trang b ni t chung.
3. Nu trang b ni t ca thit b in cng nghip c ni vi li ni t ca thit b in
c in p trn 1kV trung tnh ni t hiu qu bng dy cp c v bc bng kim loi hoc
bng dy kim loi th vic san bng in p xung quanh nh hoc din tch t thit b in
phi tho mn mt trong cc iu kin sau y:
a) t mt mch vng ni t xung quanh nh hoc din tch t thit b v ni mch vng
ny vi kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh xy dng, thit b sn xut v vi li ni t (ni
trung tnh). Mch vng phi c t su 1m v cch mng nh hoc chu vi t thit
176

b 1m. ca ra vo nh phi t hai dy ni t, cch mch vng ni t 1m v 2m su

tng ng 1m v 1,5m v phi ni nhng dy ni t ny vi mch vng.
b) Cho php dng mng btng ct thp lm ni t nu nh bo m c yu cu v san
bng in p.
Khng phi thc hin nhng iu kin nu ra im a v b Khon ny nu xung quanh nh
v ca ra vo nh c thm b tng hoc nha ng.
Ph lc 1.7-5: NI T PHNG TRNH IN CM NG
1. Phm vi ni t
a) Ni t kt cu kim loi trong v lin k hnh lang bo v an ton DK i vi in p
220kV tr ln quy nh nh sau:
- 220kV: Trong v lin k hnh lang bo v an ton ng dy n 25m tnh t mp dy
dn ngoi cng hoc di cng;
- 500kV: Trong v lin k hnh lang bo v an ton ng dy n 60m tnh t mp dy
dn ngoi cng hoc di cng.
b) Trng hp kt cu vt kim loi ca nh , cng trnh trong v ngoi phm vi quy nh
ti im a nu trn c in p cm ng khng ln hn hoc bng 42V khng phi ni
t; trng hp ln hn 42V bt buc phi ni t.
2. i tng phi ni t
- Nh , cng trnh c mi lm bng kim loi cch in vi t: Ni t mi. Cc kt cu
kim loi nm di mi khng phi ni t;
- Nh , cng trnh c mi khng lm bng kim loi: Ni t tt c cc kt cu kim loi
cch in vi t nh vch, tng bao, dm, x, v ko, khung ca, v.v.;
- Ni t cc kt cu kim loi cch in vi t bn ngoi nh , cng trnh nh khung
st, tm tn, dy phi, v.v.
3. K thut ni t
- Cc tip t c lm bng thp trn ng knh khng nh hn 16mm hoc thp
vung c tit din tng ng hoc thp gc c kch thc khng nh hn
(40x40x4)mm; chiu di phn chn trong t t nht 0,8m (theo phng thng ng), u
cc nh ln khi mt t (khng cao qu 0,15m); ni t cc tip t khng c gy tr
ngi cho ngi s dng nh , cng trnh. Khng c sn ph cc vt liu cch in
ln b mt cc tip t. Cc cc tip t phi c m ng hoc m km nhng nng;
- Dy ni t c th c lm bng thp trn ng knh khng nh hn 6mm hoc thp
dt kch thc khng nh hn (24x4)mm hoc dy ng mm nhiu si tit din khng
nh hn 16mm2; nu dy ni t lm bng thp th phi c m km nhng nng. Dy
ni t c bt cht vi u cc tip t v kt cu kim loi cn ni t bng bu lng
hoc hn;
- Trng hp nh , cng trnh c ni t ang c s dng th khng cn phi lm
thm cc tip t m ch cn bt cht dy ni t vo ni t bng bu lng hoc hn.
177

Ph lc 1.7-6: TNH TON IN P TIP XC, IN P BC V IN TR NI

T
C s tnh ton kim tra ni t:
- Xc nh dy v in tr sut ca lp t san nn.
- Theo ti liu kho st v thit k, xc nh in tr sut trung bnh ca cc lp t c
su n 5 m trong khu vc xy dng trm di lp t san nn.
- Xc nh quy m li ni t bao gm cc v cc thanh lin kt dng li (L*Lm)
chn su 0,8m so vi ct nn trm kt hp vi mch vng ni t bao quanh trm ct
t t nhin tn dng vng t c in tr sut t thp.
Phng php tnh ton ni t:
Tnh ton in tr ni t theo phng php Schwart (Tiu chun IEEE Std 80 2000):
Tit din dy ni t thit b:
Tit din dy dn ni t cho thit b c tnh theo cng thc:
IN
Att =
TCAP.104 K 0 + Tm

.ln

tc . r . r K 0 + Ta
Trong :
Dng in ngn mch ca h thng :IN (kA)
Loi dy ni tTm (oC)
Nhit cho php ln nht ca dy dn:
Nhit mi trng xung quanh:Ta (oC)
H s tn nhit ca dy ti nhit Trr (1/oC)
in tr sut ca dy tip a ti nhit Trr (..cm)
H sK0
Thi gian duy tr s c tc (s)
H s kh nng chu nhit dy ngTCAP (J/cm3.0C)
Tit din dy dn ni t Att (mm2)
Chn dy ng c tit din A (mm2)
i vi vt liu ni t l dy ng (ni t thit b n tr ) ta c:
(Trng hp tnh ton vi dng ngn mch IN = 40kA)
Thng s c bn
K hu
Gi tr
n v
Dng in ngn mch ca h thng :
IN =
(40) kA
Loi dy ni t
ng thng
Nhit cho php ln nht ca dy dn:
Tm =
1084 oC
Nhit mi trng xung quanh:
Ta =
40 oC
H s tn nhit ca dy ti nhit Tr
r =
0,00381 1/oC
in tr sut ca dy tip a ti nhit Tr
r =
1,78 ..cm
H s
K0 =
242
Thi gian duy tr s c :
tc =
0,5 s
H s kh nng chu nhit dy ng :
TCAP =
3,42 J/cm3.0C
Tit din dy dn ni t :
Att =
101,23 mm2
Chn dy ng c tit din :
A=
(120) mm2
Vi dng ngn mch IN=40kA vi thi gian duy tr s c 0,5s c kt qu tnh ton cho
tit din dy ni t thit b n tr l S=120 mm2.
178

i vi vt liu ni t l dy thp m km (ni t tr thit b n h thng ni

t chung ton trm) ta c:
Thng s c bn
Dng in ngn mch ca h thng :
Loi dy ni t (Conductor Type)
Nhit cho php ln nht ca dy dn:
Nhit mi trng xung quanh:
H s tn nhit ca dy ti nhit Tr
in tr sut ca dy tip a ti nhit Tr
H s
Thi gian duy tr s c :
H s kh nng chu nhit dy ng :
Tit din dy dn ni t :
Chn dy thp m km c ng knh :

K hu
IN =
Tm =
Ta =
r =
r =
K0 =
tc =
TCAP =
Att =
d=

Gi tr
n v
(40) kA
Dy Thp bc km
1084 oC
40 oC
0,00378 1/oC
5,86 ..cm
245
0,5 s
3,85 J/cm3.0C
172,90 mm2
(16) mm

Vi dng ngn mch IN=40kA v thi gian duy tr s c 0,5s c kt qu tnh ton cho
dy ni t tr thit b n ni t chung c ng knh l d=16mm.
in tr ni t ca h thng:

R1 * R2 Rm2
Rg =
R1 + R2 2 * Rm

Trong :
R1 : in tr ca li ni t gm cc thanh ngang ()
R2 : in tr ca cc ni t ()
Rm : in tr tng h gi cc v thanh ().

: in tr sut ca t m
Lc :Tng chiu di li ni t bao gm thanh v cc (m)
a' =
kch thc hiu chnh
dg = 2a : ng knh thanh ni t
A: din tch li ni t
K1, K2 : Hng s (tra bng)

1)

(2)

(3)

Lr : chiu di ca 1 cc ni t (m)
LR : tng chiu di ca cc cc ni t (m)
dc = 2b: ng knh cc ni t (m)
nr: s cc ni t

(4)
179

-in tr sut biu kin ca cc qua 2 lp t:

a=

1 * 2 * l
2 * ( H h) + 1 * (l + h H )

(5)

-Hng s K1, K2 (Tra th hoc theo cng thc ni suy):

K1 = -0,04*
K2 = 0,15*

(6)

+ 1,41

(7)

+ 5,5

L : Chiu di trung bnh ca li ni t (m)

W : Chiu rng trung bnh ca li ni t (m)
Tnh ton in tr h thng ni t ca trm
in tr h thng ni t
Thng s c bn

K hu

Gi tr

n v

in tr sut lp t san nn

B dy ca lp t san nn
in tr sut lp t t nhin
in tr sut biu kin ca cc khi i qua 2
lp t
chn su ca li so vi nn trm
Chiu di trung bnh ca li ni t

m
m

h
L

0.8
-

m
m

Chiu rng trung bnh ca li ni t

Chu vi li ni t

Lp

Tng chiu di li ni t

Lc

Din tch li ni t

m2

Chiu di cc ni t (l)

Lr

ng knh cc ni t

dc

ng knh thanh ni t
Kch thc hiu chnh
Hng s K1

dg
a'
K1

m
m

Hng s K2

K2

S cc ni t

nr

Khong cch trung bnh gia cc li

S dy ni t theo chiu rng

na

S dy ni t theo chiu di

nb

Tra theo

(5)

(6)
(7)

Kt qu tnh ton
in tr ca h thng thanh lin kt

R1

(2)

in tr cc

R2

(3)

in tr tng h

Rm

(4)

in tr li ni t chnh

Rg

(1)

180

Kt qu tnh ton in tr li ni t chnh: Rg =

Tnh ton in p bc v in p tip xc cho php
a. C s tnh ton
Tnh ton da theo tiu chun IEEE Std 80- 2000:
in p bc cho php:
0,116
(1000 + 1,5Cs.s)
(8)
Etouch 50 =
t
in p tip xc cho php:
0,116
Estep 50 =
(1000 + 6.Cs.s)
(9)
t
Trong :
+ t l thi gian duy tr s c (s)
+ l in tr sut ca lp ct san nn trm (m)
+ s l in tr sut ca lp ri nn trm
+ Cs l h s tnh n s tip xc gia lp b mt vi lp t pha di
Cs = 1- 0,106

0,106 + 2h s

(10)

Tnh ton in p tip xc:

-

in p tip xc ln nht c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Em = *Km*Ki*Ig /LM
(11)
Trong :
+ l in tr sut ca t nn trm (m)
+Km l h s khong cch c xc nh theo cng thc
1
D2
( D + 2h) 2
h
Kii
8
Km
[ln(
)+
ln
]
+

2.
16hdc
8 Ddc
4dc Kh (2n 1)
Vi:
* D l khong cch gia cc thanh dn ca li (m)
* n = na.nb.nc.nd
2.LC
Vi: na =
LP
nb =

LP
4. A

(12)

(13) ;
(14)

0,7. A

Lx .Ly Lx .Ly
nc =

A
Dm
nd =
Lx 2 + Ly 2

(15) ;

Dm : Khong cch ln nht gia 2 im bt k trn li ni t

nc = 1 : li hnh vung, ch nht
nd= 1 : li hnh vung, ch nht, hnh - L
181

(16)

Vi:
+Lc l tng chiu di thanh ni t ca li (m)
+Lp l chu vi ca li ni t (m)
+Lx l chiu di trung bnh ca li ni t (m)
+Ly l chiu rng trung bnh ca li ni t (m)
+Lr l chiu di ca mi cc ni t (m)
+LR l chiu di ca tt c cc cc ni t (m)
+A l din tch ca li ni t (m2)
* Kh = 1+ h / ho
(17)
h s biu th s nh hng ca chn su (h) ca li ni t (ho l chn su tham
kho: ho= 1m)
* Kii =

1
l h s lin h n s phn b ca cc.
( 2n) 2 / n

(18)

* dc l ng knh ca dy ri (m)
+Ki l h s c xt n s gia tng mt dng in cc gc li.
Ki = 0,644 + 0,148 . n
(19)
+Ig l dng in tn vo li c tnh bng cng thc sau:
Ig = Sf . Df . C . IN
(20)
Vi:
* Sf = 0,7 l h s phn dng in s c tn vo t thng qua dy chng st,
dy trung tnh ni t
* Df = 0,5 l h s suy gim ca thnh phn 1 chiu
* C = 0,5 l h s hiu chnh thit k khi xt s gia tng ca dng in s c
* IN l tr s dng in ngn mch 1 pha (A).
+
LM l chiu di hiu qu ca li ni t (m)

LM =
LC + [1,55 + 1, 22 . (

Lr
L2x + L2y

)].LR

(21)

Tnh ton in p bc ln nht:

in p tip xc ln nht c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Es = .Ks.Ki.Ig/Ls
(22)
Trong :+ l in tr sut ca t nn trm (m)
+Ks l h s khong cch trong tnh ton Es c xc nh theo cng thc

Ks =

1 1
1
1
[ +
+ (1 0,5n 2 )]
2h D + h D

(23)

Vi:
* D l khong cch gia cc thanh dn ca li (m)
* n = na.nb.nc.nd
+ LS = 0,75 . LC + 0,85 . LR
l chiu di hiu qu ca li ni t (m)

(24)

iu kin thon mn in p bc :
Es

Estep50

(25)

iu kin tha mn in p tip xc :

Em

Etouch50

(26)
182

b. Kt qu tnh ton in p bc cho php v in p tip xc cho php

Vi iu kin TBA 220kV c dng ngn mch 40kA, thi gian tn ti l 0,5s v c lp
dm dy 0,2m ri trn mt nn, in p bc cho php v in p tip xc cho php
Thi gian s c
in p dy
in tr sut ca lp dm
dy lp dm ri nn trm
H s suy gim
in p bc cho php: (Ngi nng 50kg)
in p tip xc cho php: (Ngi nng 50kg)

t=
U=
rS =
hS =
CS =
Estep50 =
Etouch50 =

0,5
220000
5000
0,2
0,807
4137,0
1157,3

s
V
.m
m

K hu

Gi tr

n v

t=
U=
rS =
hS =
CS =
Estep50 =

s
V
.m
m

K hu

Gi tr

n v

LM

h0 =

na =

(13)

nb =

(14)

nc =

(15)

nd =

(16)

n=

Kh =

(17)

Kii =

(18)

H s hiu chnh

Ki =

(19)

H s khong cch
in p tip xc cho php

Ks =
Em =

(23)
(11)

V
V

c. Tnh ton kim tra

in p bc tnh ton Es
Thng s c bn
Thi gian s c
in p dy
in tr sut ca lp dm
dy lp dm ri nn trm
H s suy gim
in p bc cho php: (Ngi nng 50kg)

Tra
theo

(10)
(22)

Kim tra iu kin Estep< Estep 50

in p tip xc tnh ton Em
Thng s c bn
Tng chiu di hiu qu ca li ni t
chn su ca li theo tiu chun

na*nb*nc*nd

Kim tra iu kin Em < Etouch 50

183

Tra
theo

PHN 2: YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN
2.1. YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN BNG NG CP
IN P N 500KV
Ph lc 2.1-1: QUY NH M MU CA DY BC V CP
Bng 197: Quy nh m mu ca dy bc v cp
Loi dy s dng
Dy dn bo v
Dy trung tnh
Mch in AC hoc DC
Mch iu khin AC
Mch iu khin DC
Mch iu khin cho
kha lin ng 3

Nhn dng mu
Xanh l cy v vng
Xanh sng
en

Xanh da tri
Cam

Ph lc 2.1-2: IN TR 1 CHIU LN NHT CA LI DN IN

Bng 198: in tr 1 chiu ln nht ca li ng v nhm
Tit din
ca li
mm2
1,5
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
630
800
1000

in tr 1 chiu ln nht ca li
dn in 20oC
LI NG
LI NHM
/km
/km
12,1
7,41
4,61
3,08
1,83
1,15
1,91
0,727
1,20
0,524
0,868
0,387
0,641
0,268
0,443
0,193
0,320
0,153
0,253
0,124
0,206
0,0991
0,164
0,0754
0,125
0,0601
0,100
0,0470
0,0774
0,0366
0,0605
0,0283
0,0469
0,0221
0,0364
0,0176
0,0291

184

Ph lc 2.1-3: DNG IN LU DI CHO PHP CA CP

Dng in lu di cho php ca ng cp in in p n 35kV theo cc phng thc
lp t v h s iu chnh c quy nh trong cc bng sau:
Bng 198-1: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp h p cch in PVC v XLPE
Tit din
dy dn
v
chng loi
dy dn

NHM

NG

Li

mm2
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300

Cp 2 li
Trong khng kh

PVC
A
19.5
27
36
46
63
85
112
138
168
213
258
299
344
392
461
530
49
66
83
103
125
160
195
226
261
298
352
406

XLPE
A
24
33
45
58
80
107
138
171
209
269
328
382
441
506
599
693
62
84
101
126
154
198
241
280
324
371
439
508

Cp 3 li
Trong ng
trong t

PVC
A
22
29
38
47
63
81
104
125
148
183
216
246
278
312
361
408
48
62
80
96
113
140
166
189
213
240
277
313

XLPE
A
26
34
44
56
73
95
121
146
173
213
252
287
324
363
419
474
56
73
93
112
132
163
193
220
249
279
322
364

Trong khng kh

PVC
A
17.5
24
32
41
57
76
96
119
144
184
223
259
299
341
403
464
44
59
73
90
110
140
170
197
227
259
305
351

XLPE
A
22
30
40
52
71
96
119
147
179
229
278
322
371
424
500
576
57
76
90
112
136
174
211
245
283
323
382
440

GHI CH:
- Nhit lm vic ca li: Cch in PVC: 70oC, cch in XLPE: 90oC
- Nhit mi trng: Trong khng kh: 30oC, trong t: 20oC
- chn su: -0,8m
- Nhit tr sut ca t: 1,5 K.m/W
- Nhit tr sut ca t quanh ng: 1,2 K.m/W

185

Trong ng
trong t

PVC
A
18
24
31
39
52
67
86
103
122
151
179
203
230
258
297
336
40
52
66
80
94
117
138
157
178
200
230
260

XLPE
A
22
29
37
46
61
79
101
122
144
178
211
240
271
304
351
396
47
61
78
94
112
138
164
186
210
236
272
308

Bng 198-2: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp h p cch in PVC

Tit din
dy dn
v
chng loi
dy dn

NHM

NG

Li

mm2
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
630
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
630

Phng php lp t
Cp
2 li

Cp
3 li

0,3xD

0,3xD

A
22
30
40
51
70
94
119
148
180
232
282
328
379
434
514
593
54
73
89
111
135
173
210
244
282
322
380
439
-

A
18.5
25
34
43
60
80
101
126
153
196
238
276
319
364
430
497
46
61
78
96
117
150
183
212
245
280
330
381
-

B tr
st nhau

B tr
tam gic

B tr
st nhau

A
131
162
196
251
304
352
406
463
546
629
754
868
1005
98
122
149
192
235
273
316
363
430
497
600
694
808

A
110
137
167
216
264
308
356
409
485
561
656
749
855
84
105
128
166
203
237
274
315
375
434
526
610
711

A
114
143
174
225
275
321
372
427
507
587
689
789
905
87
109
133
173
212
247
287
330
392
455
552
640
746

B tr
ngang

B tr
dc

A
146
181
219
281
341
396
456
521
615
709
852
982
1138
112
139
169
217
265
308
356
407
482
557
671
775
900

A
130
162
197
254
311
362
419
480
569
659
795
920
1070
99
124
152
196
241
282
327
376
447
519
629
730
852

GHI CH: - Nhit lm vic ca li: Cch in PVC: 70oC

- Nhit mi trng: Trong khng kh: 30oC, trong t: 20oC
- chn su: -0,8m
- Nhit tr sut ca t: 1,5 K.m/W;
- Nhit tr sut ca t quanh ng: 1,2 K.m/W
186

Bng 198-3: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp h p cch in XLPE

Tit din
dy dn
v
chng loi
dy dn

NHM

NG

Li

mm
1.5
2.5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
630
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
630

GHI CH:

Phng php lp t
Cp
2 li

Cp
3 li

0,3xD

0,3xD

A
26
36
49
63
86
115
149
185
225
289
352
410
473
542
641
741
67
91
108
135
164
211
257
300
346
397
470
543
-

A
23
32
42
54
75
100
127
158
192
246
298
346
399
456
538
621
58
77
97
120
146
187
227
263
304
347
409
471
-

B tr
st nhau

B tr
tam gic

A
161
200
242
310
377
437
504
575
679
783
940
1083
1254
121
150
184
237
289
337
389
447
530
613
740
856
996

A
135
169
207
268
328
383
444
510
607
703
823
946
1088
103
129
159
206
253
296
343
395
471
547
663
770
899

B tr
st nhau

A
141
176
216
279
342
400
464
533
634
736
868
998
1151
107
135
165
215
264
308
358
413
492
571
694
806
942

B tr
ngang

A
182
226
275
353
430
500
577
661
781
902
1085
1253
1454
138
172
210
271
332
387
448
515
611
708
856
991
1154

- Nhit lm vic ca li: Cch in XLPE: 90oC

- Nhit mi trng: Trong khng kh: 30oC, trong t: 20oC
- chn su: -0,8m
- Nhit tr sut ca t: 1,5 K.m/W;
- Nhit tr sut ca t quanh ng: 1,2 K.m/W

187

B tr
dc

A
161
201
246
318
389
454
527
605
719
833
1008
1169
1362
122
153
188
244
300
351
408
470
561
652
792
921
1077

Bng 198-4: Dng in lu di cho php cp 1 li nhm v ng

Cch in XLPE 3,6/6(7,2)kV n 20/35(40,5)kV
Tit din
dy dn
v

Trc tip trong t

Tam
gic

Cch
phng

Trong ng di t
Tam
gic

St
nhau

Trong Khng kh
Tam
gic

St
nhau

Cch
phng

chng loi
dy dn
0,5D

NHM

NG

Li

0,5D

0,5D

mm2

16

109

113

103

104

125

128

150

25

140

144

132

133

163

167

196

35

166

172

157

159

198

203

238

50

196

203

186

188

238

243

286

70

239

246

227

229

296

303

356

95

285

293

271

274

361

369

434

120

323

332

308

311

417

426

500

150

361

366

343

347

473

481

559

185

406

410

387

391

543

550

637

240

469

470

447

453

641

647

745

300

526

524

504

510

735

739

846

400

590

572

564

571

845

837

938

16

84

88

80

81

97

99

116

25

108

112

102

103

127

130

153

35

129

134

122

123

154

157

185

50

152

157

144

146

184

189

222

70

186

192

176

178

230

236

278

95

221

229

210

213

280

287

338

120

252

260

240

242

324

332

391

150

281

288

267

271

368

376

440

185

317

324

303

307

424

432

504

240

367

373

351

356

502

511

593

300

414

419

397

402

577

586

677

400

470

466

451

457

673

676

769

GHI CH:
- Nhit lm vic ca li: Cch in XLPE: 90oC
- Nhit mi trng: Trong khng kh: 30oC, trong t: 20oC
- chn su: -0,8m
- Nhit tr sut ca t: 1,5 K.m/W
- Nhit tr sut ca t quanh ng: 1,2 K.m/W

188

Bng 198-5: Dng in lu di cho php cp 1 li nhm v ng

Cch in EPR 3,6/6(7,2)kV n 20/35(40,5)kV
Tit din
dy dn
v
chng loi
dy dn

Trc tip trong t

Tam
gic

Cch
phng

Trong ng di t
Tam
gic

St
nhau

Trong Khng kh
Tam
gic

0,5xD

NHM

NG

Li

St
nhau

0,5xD

Cch
phng

0,5xD

mm2

16

106

109

99

100

116

119

138

25

136

140

128

129

153

156

181

35

162

167

153

154

186

190

221

50

192

198

181

183

224

229

266

70

234

242

222

224

280

287

334

95

280

289

266

269

343

352

409

120

319

329

303

306

398

407

474

150

357

369

341

344

454

465

540

185

403

417

386

390

522

534

621

240

467

484

449

454

619

634

736

300

526

545

509

515

712

728

843

400

597

618

580

588

825

843

977

16

82

84

77

78

90

92

107

25

105

109

99

100

119

121

141

35

126

130

118

120

144

147

171

50

149

153

140

142

174

178

207

70

182

188

172

174

218

223

259

95

217

224

206

208

266

273

317

120

247

256

235

238

309

317

368

150

277

287

264

267

352

361

419

185

314

325

300

303

406

417

484

240

364

377

350

354

483

495

575

300

411

426

397

401

556

570

659

400

471

487

456

462

651

667

770

GHI CH:
- Nhit lm vic ca li: Cch in EPR: 90oC
- Nhit mi trng: Trong khng kh: 30oC, trong t: 20oC
- chn su: -0,8m
- Nhit tr sut ca t: 1,5 K.m/W
- Nht tr sut ca t quanh ng: 1,2 K.m/W

189

Bng 198-6: Dng in lu di cho php cp 3 li nhm v ng

Cch in XLPE 3,6/6(7,2)kV 20/35(40,5kV)
Tit din
dy dn
v

Khng c v ai thp bo v
Trc tip
trong t

Trong ng
trong t

Chng loi
dy dn

Trc tip
trong t

Trong ng
trong t

0,5xD

Trong
Khng kh

0,5xD

mm2

16

101

87

109

101

88

110

25

129

112

142

129

112

143

35

153

133

170

154

134

172

50

181

158

204

181

158

205

70

221

193

253

220

194

253

95

262

231

304

263

232

307

120

298

264

351

298

264

352

150

334

297

398

332

296

397

185

377

336

455

374

335

453

240

434

390

531

431

387

529

300

489

441

606

482

435

599

400

553

501

696

541

492

683

16

78

67

84

78

68

85

25

100

87

110

100

87

111

35

119

103

132

119

104

133

50

140

122

158

140

123

159

70

171

150

196

171

150

196

95

203

179

236

204

180

238

120

232

205

273

232

206

274

150

260

231

309

259

231

309

185

294

262

355

293

262

354

240

340

305

415

338

304

415

300

384

346

475

380

343

472

400

438

398

552

432

393

545

NHM

NG

Li

Trong
Khng kh

C v ai thp bo v

GHI CH:
- Nhit lm vic ca li: Cch in XLPE: 90oC
- Nhit mi trng: Trong khng kh: 30oC, trong t: 20oC
- chn su: -0,8m
- Nhit tr sut ca t: 1,5 K.m/W
- Nht tr sut ca t quanh ng: 1,2 K.m/W

190

Bng 198-7: Dng in lu di cho php cp 3 li nhm v ng

Cch in EPR 3.6/6(7,2)kV 20/35(40,5kV)
Khng c v ai thp bo v
Tit din
dy dn
v

Trc tip
trong t

Trong ng
trong t

Trong
Khng kh

C v ai thp bo v
Trc tip
trong t

Trong ng
trong t

Trong
Khng kh

Chng loi
dy dn
0,5xD

mm2

16

98

84

104

98

85

104

25

125

109

135

125

109

136

35

150

130

164

150

131

164

50

176

154

195

177

155

197

70

216

189

243

216

190

244

95

258

227

296

257

227

296

120

292

258

339

292

259

339

150

328

291

385

327

291

385

185

371

330

441

368

328

439

240

429

384

519

424

381

513

300

482

434

590

475

429

583

400

545

494

678

534

485

666

16

76

65

80

76

66

81

25

97

84

105

97

85

105

35

116

101

127

116

101

127

50

137

119

151

137

120

153

70

167

147

189

168

147

190

95

200

176

229

200

176

230

120

227

201

263

227

201

264

150

255

226

299

254

226

300

185

289

257

343

288

257

343

240

335

300

406

332

299

402

300

378

340

462

374

338

459

400

432

392

538

426

387

530

NHM

NG

Li

0,5xD

GHI CH:
- Nhit lm vic ca li: Cch in EPR: 90oC
- Nhit mi trng: Trong khng kh: 30oC, trong t: 20oC
- chn su: -0,8m
- Nhit tr sut ca t: 1,5 K.m/W
- Nht tr sut ca t quanh ng: 1,2 K.m/W

191

Ph lc 2.1-4: H S IU CHNH DNG IN LU DI CHO PHP CA CP

THEO IU KIN LP T
Bng 200-1: H s iu chnh khi lp t cp trong khng kh
Cch in

Nhit

Nhit mi trng (oC)

li

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

XLPE, EPR

900C

1,08

1,04

1,00

0,96

0.91

0,87

0,82

0,76

0,71

PVC

700C

1,12

1,06

1,00

0,94

0,87

0,79

0,71

0,61

0,50

45

50

0,80
0,71

0,76
0,63

Bng 200-2: H s iu chnh khi lp t cp trong t

Cch in
XLPE, EPR
PVC

Nhit
li
0

90 C
700C

Nhit mi trng (oC)

25
30
35
40

10

15

20

1,07
1,10

1,04
1,05

1,00
1,00

0,96
0,95

0,93
0,89

0,89
0,84

0,85
0,77

Bng 200-3: H s iu chnh theo su lp t cp trong t

su lp t
(m)

Cp 1 li
185 mm

0,50

1,04

1,06

1,04

0,60

1,02

1,04

1,03

0,80

1,00

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,98

0,97

0,98

1,25

0,96

0,95

0,96

1,50

0,95

0,93

0,95

1,75

0,94

0,91

0,94

2,00

0,93

0,90

0,93

2,50

0,91

0,88

0,91

3,00

0,90

0,86

0,90

>185 mm2

Cp 3 li

Bng 200-4: H s iu chnh theo su lp t cp trong ng

su lp t
(m)

Cp 1 li
185 mm

0,50

1,04

1,05

1,03

0,60

1,02

1,03

1,02

0,80

1,00

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,98

0,97

0,99

1,25

0,96

0,95

0,97

1,50

0,95

0,93

0,96

1,75

0,94

0,92

0,95

2,00

0,93

0,91

0,94

2,50

0,91

0,89

0,93

3,00

0,90

0,88

0.92

Cp 3 li

>185 mm2

192

Bng 200-5: H s iu chnh cho nhm cp nhiu si trong khng kh

Phng php lp t

Cp
t
trn
gi
lp

St nhau

Cch nhau

S
gi lp

S lng cp
1

1,00

0,88

0,82

0,79

0,76

0,73

1,00

0,87

0,8

0,77

0,73

0,88

1,00

0,86

0,79

0,76

0,71

0,66

1,00

1,00

0,98

0,95

0,91

1,00

0,99

0,96

0,92

0,87

1,00

0,98

0,95

0,91

0,85

1,00

0,88

0,82

0,78

0,73

0.72

1,00

0,88

0,81

0,76

0,71

0,70

1,00

0,91

0,89

0,88

0,87

1,00

0,91

0,88

0,87

0.85

1,00

0,87

0,82

0,80

0,79

0,78

1,00

0,86

0,80

0,78

0,76

0,73

1,00

0,85

0,79

0,76

0,73

0,70

1,00

1,00

1,00

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,99

0,98

0,97

0,96

1,00

0,98

0,97

0,96

0,93

Cp
t
thng
ng

St nhau

dc
theo
gi
lp
Cch nhau
Cp
t
trn
gi
lp
c
tm
m

GHI CH:

St nhau

Cch nhau

- D: ng knh trung bnh ca cp

- Khong cch thng ng gia cc gi cp l 300mm

- Khong cch nm ngang gia cc gi cp l 225mm

193

Bng 200-6: H s iu chnh cho nhm cp 1 si trong khng kh

S
gi lp

Phng php lp t
St nhau

Cp
t trn
gi lp
Cp
t trn
gi lp
c tm m

St nhau

Cp
t trn
gi lp
Cp t
thng ng
dc theo
gi lp
Cp t
trn gi lp
c tm m

S lng mch 3 pha

1
2
3

0,98

0,91

0,87

0,96

0,87

0,81

3 cp

0,95

0,85

0,78

b tr

1,00

0,97

0,96

ngang

0,98

0,93

0,89

0,97

0,90

0,86

1,00

0,98

0.96

0,97

0,93

0,89

3
1

0,96
1,00

0,92
0,91

0,86
0,89

3 cp

1,00

0,90

0,88

tam gic

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,97

0,95

0,93

0,96

0,94

0,90

GHI CH: - D: ng knh trung bnh ca cp

- Khong cch thng ng gia cc gi cp l 300mm
- Khong cch nm ngang gia cc gi cp l 225mm
Ph lc 2.1-5: DNG NGN MCH CHO PHP CA CP
- Dng ngn mch cho php ca cp li ng cch in bng XLPE:

Is =

0,115 log

T 2 + 234
T 1 + 234 * S (Is = 0,141 *S)
t
t

- Dng ngn mch cho php ca cp li nhm cch in bng XLPE:

Is =
Trong :

S dng cho

T 2 + 228
T 1 + 228 * S (Is = 0,0927 *S)
t
t

0,0486 log

Is: dng ngn mch (kA)

S: tit din li (mm2)
T1: nhit vn hnh (90oC)
T2: nhit ngn mch (250oC)
t: thi gian ngn mch (s)

194

b tr

Ph lc 2.1-6: M IP
H thng m ha l mt h thng ch cc mc bo v c cung cp bi mt b phn
che chn chng tip xc vi cc b phn nguy him, s xm nhp ca cc vt th rn
hoc ca nc t bn ngoi vo v b sung thng tin lin quan n bo v.
Sp xp ca m IP
V d: IP 23CH

IP

Cc ch m ha
(Bo v quc t)
S c trng th nht
(t 0 n 6, hoc ch X)
S c trng th hai
(t 0 n 8, hoc ch X)
Ch ph (ty chn)
(Cc ch: A, B, C, D)
Ch b sung (ty chn)
(Cc ch: H, M, S, W)

Nu khng yu cu ch r s t trng th con s ny c th c thay th bng ch

X. (hoc c th c thay th bng ch XX nu b c hai s c trng)

Cc ch ph v ch b sung c th b qua m khng cn thay th bng cc ch

khc.

Nu c s dng hn mt ch b sung th phi p dng th t tip theo.

Nu mt b phn che chn to ra cc mc bo v khc nhau i vi cc b tr khc

nhau th cc mc bo v tng ng phi c nh ch to ch dn trong cc ti liu
lin quan n lp t v b tr.

195

M t cc phn t ca m IP v ngha:
Phn t
Cc ch
hoa m
ha

Ch c
trng th
nht

Ch ph
(Ty
chn)

Ch b
sung
(ty chn)

Con s
hoc
ch

ngha i vi bo v thit b

ngha i vi bo
v con ngi

IP

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Chng s thm nhp ca

nc:
- Khng c bo v
- Nc ri thng ng
- Nc ri nghing 15o.
- Nc phun ht nh li ti
- Nc phun dng ma
- Nc phun dng tia
- Phun nc p lc
- Ngm tm thi trong nc
- Ngm lu di trong nc

A
B
C
D
H
M
S
W

Bo v chng tip xc
b phn nguy him:
- Bng mu bn tay
- Ngn tay
- Dng c
- Si dy

Thng tin b sung cho:

- Thit b cao p
- Di ng trong khi th nghim
nc
- C nh trong khi th nghim
nc
- Cc iu kin thi tit

Ph lc 2.1-7. BN KNH UN CONG CHO PHP CA CP

Chiu dy

Bn knh cong nh nht bng bi s ca ng knh (ln)

cch in

ng knh ngoi ca cp (mm)

(mm)

n 25,4

>25,4 50,8

>50,8

n 3,9

>3,9 7,9
>7,9

196

Ph lc 2.1-8: CNG TRNH CP

Hm cp

Ging cp

Bung cp

Bung cp

Mng cp

Hnh lang cp

Tng cp

Mng cp

Sn kp

Gi cp

ng cp

Khi cp

197

Ph lc 2.1-9: LP T GI CP V CP
Hm cp
Kch thc (mm)

Mng cp
Kch thc (mm)

1000

1800

Hm cp
(Gi cp 2 bn)

Mng cp
(Gi cp 2 bn)

800
200

200

(li i)

200

Hm cp
(Gi cp 1 bn)

Mng cp
(Gi cp 1 bn)

800
(li i)

200

200
250

200
200

100

n 10kV

150

22-35kV
110-220

250

Hnh 7-2

100
200

150

22-35kV
110-220kV

250

250

S b tr gi cp

198

n 10kV

2.2. YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN IN P N 1KV

Ph lc 2.2: CP IN VN XON H P
Bng 226: Cp vn xon ABC bc XLPE in p 0,6/1kV
Thng s

Tit din danh nh ca dy dn (mm2)

n
v

S rut
Loi dy

16

25

35

50

70

95

120

150

2-4

2-3-4

2-3-4

2-3-4

2-4

2-4

Tit din trn, bn v p cht, vt liu nhm

S lng si
nhm trong 1

si

19

19

19

19

mm

4,8

6,1

7,2

8,4

10,1

11,9

13,5

14,9

mm

7,9

9,2

10,3

11,9

13,6

15,9

17,5

18,9

mm

1,3

1,3

1,3

1,5

1,5

1,7

1,7

1,7

15,8

18,4

20,6

23,8

27,2

31,8

19,9

22,2

25,7

19,1

22,2

24,9

28,7

32,8

38,4

42,2

45,6

1,91

1,20

0,868 0,641

0,443

0,320

0,253

0,206

140

200

260

350

480

680

300

390

530

4 rut

280

400

520

700

960

1350

1660

2020

2 rut

4,4

7,0

9,8

14,0

19,6

26,6

10,5

14,7

21,0

4 rut

8,8

14,0

19,6

28,0

39,2

53,2

67,2

84,0

Dng

2 rut

78

105

125

150

185

230

ti cho

3 rut

97

120

140

74

97

120

140

175

215

250

280

rut dy dn
ng knh ln
nht 1 rut
ng knh ln
nht ca v
cch in
Chiu dy trung
bnh ca v
cch in
ng

2 rut

knh 1

3 rut

cp

mm

4 rut

in tr mt
chiu ln nht
ca dy dn

/km

20oC
K/lng 2 rut
gn
ng
Lc ko
t

php

3 rut Kg/km

3 rut

4 rut

kN

A*)

Ghi ch: (*) Nhit mi trng tnh ton: 30oC

199

2.3. YU CU K THUT I VI H DN IN IN P TRN 1KV

Ph lc 2.3-1: CP VN XON V CP BC TRUNG P
Bng 234-1: Cp trung p vn xon bc XLPE cho DK in p 6,35/11(12)kV
Tit
din

Vt liu
nhm
ng
knh
Li

Chiu
dy
cch
in

Chiu dy
nh nht
ca lp
bn dn
cch in

Chiu
dy
v
bc

in tr
DC
200C

Cu trc
chu lc

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

/km

s si/mm

kN

kg/km

35

6,9

3,4

0,6

1,8

0.868

7/2,0

27

2310

155

50

8,2

3,4

0,6

1,8

0.641

19/2,0

74

2850

185

70

9,8

3,4

0,6

1,8

0.443

19/2,0

74

3490

230

95

11,4

3,4

0,6

1,8

0.320

19/2,0

74

4090

280

120

12,8

3,4

0,6

1,8

0.253

19/2,0

74

4430

325

150

14,2

3,4

0,6

1,8

0.206

19/2,0

74

4670

370

185

15,8

3,4

0,6

1,9

0.164

19/2,0

74

5220

425

Lc
Khi
ko t lng
nh
nht

Dng
ti
cho
php
(40oC)

Bng 234-2: Cp trung p vn xon bc XLPE cho DK in p 12,7/22(24)kV

Tit
din

Vt liu
nhm
ng
knh
li

Chiu
dy
cch
in

Chiu dy
nh nht
ca lp
bn dn
cch in

Chiu
dy
v
bc

in tr
DC
200C

Cu trc
chu lc

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

/km

s si/mm

kN

kg/km

35

6,9

5,5

0,6

1,8

0.868

7/2,0

27

2310

150

50

8,2

5,5

0,6

1,8

0.641

19/2,0

74

2850

185

70

9,8

5,5

0,6

1,8

0.443

19/2,0

74

3490

230

95

11,4

5,5

0,6

1,8

0.320

19/2,0

74

4090

280

120

12,8

5,5

0,6

1,9

0.253

19/2,0

74

4430

320

150

14,2

5,5

0,6

2,0

0.206

19/2,0

74

4670

365

185

15,8

5,5

0,6

2,0

0.164

19/2,0

74

5220

415

200

Lc
Khi
ko t lng
nh
nht

Dng
ti
cho
php
(40oC)

Bng 234-3: Cp bc cch in XLPE cho DK in p 24kV

Dy dn
Tit
din
mm2

Vt liu

Chiu
in p ng
dy cch
th
knh cp
Lc ko t
in
kN
mm
kV
mm
La chn dy cch in 2,5 mm

Khi
lng
Kg/km

25
35

ng
ng

9.5
13.8

2.5
2.5

22
22

12
13

290
400

50
50

ng
Nhm

17.5
14.7

2.5
2.5

22
22

15
14

540
220

70
95

Nhm
Nhm

20.6
27.9

2.5
2.5

22
22

16
17

280
360

120
150

Nhm
Nhm

35.3
44.1

2.5
2.5

22
22

19
20

440
520

185
240

Nhm
Nhm

54.4
70.6

2.5
2.5

22
22

22
24

640
810

La chn dy cch in 3,5 mm

25
35
50
50
70
95
120
150
185

ng
ng
ng
Nhm
Nhm
Nhm
Nhm
Nhm
Nhm

9.5
13.8
17.5
14.7
20.6
27.9
35.3
44.1
54.4

3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5

22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22

14
15
17
16
17
19
21
22
24

330
440
580
260
330
420
500
580
700

240

Nhm

70.6

3.5

22

26

880

La chn dy cch in 5,5 mm

25
35

ng
ng

9.5
13.8

5.5
5.5

22
22

18
19

420
530

50
50

ng
Nhm

17.5
14.7

5.5
5.5

22
22

21
20

690
360

70
95

Nhm
Nhm

20.6
27.9

5.5
5.5

22
22

22
23

440
540

120
150

Nhm
Nhm

35.3
44.1

5.5
5.5

22
22

25
26

630
720

185
240

Nhm
Nhm

54.4
70.6

5.5
5.5

22
22

28
30

850
1,040

201

Bng 234-4: Cp 6/10(12)kV cch in XLPE - 1 li

Tit
din

ng
knh li

Chiu
dy
cch
in

Chiu dy
bc trong

ng
knh si
gip

Chiu dy bng
gip

ng knh cp
gn ng

Khi lng li
rut ng

Khi lng li
rut nhm

Chiu di
ng gi

GN

2GN

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

25

5,9

3,4

1,2

1,6

1,5

1,8

18

24

480

820

330

660

1000

1000

35

6,9

3,4

1,2

1,6

1,6

1,8

19

25

600

940

390

730

1000

1000

50

8,0

3,4

1,2

1,2

1,6

0,5

1,6

1,8

1,8

20

26

24

730

1090

970

450

810

690

1000

1000

1000

70

9,8

3,4

1,2

1,2

1,6

0,5

1,7

1,9

1,8

22

28

26

960

1350

1210

550

940

800

1000

1000

1000

95

11,4

3,4

1,2

1,2

1,6

0,5

1,7

1,9

1,8

24

30

28

1230

1640

1510

650

1070

940

1000

1000

1000

120

12,8

3,4

1,2

1,2

1,6

0,5

1,8

2,0

1,9

25

32

29

1490

2000

1770

760

1270

1050

1000

1000

1000

150

14,2

3,4

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

1,8

2,0

1,9

27

34

31

1760

2320

2080

860

1420

1180

1000

1000

1000

185

15,8

3,4

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

1,9

2,1

2,0

29

35

33

2140

2710

2460

1010

1580

1340

500

500

500

240

18,1

3,4

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,0

2,2

2,1

31

38

35

2720

3340

3070

1240

1860

1590

500

500

500

300

20,4

3,4

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,0

2,3

2,2

34

40

38

3320

4000

3710

1460

2140

1850

500

500

500

400

23,2

3,4

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,1

2,4

2,3

37

45

41

4160

5060

4600

1780

2680

2230

500

500

500

500

26,3

3,4

1,3

1,3

2,0

0,5

2,2

2,5

2,4

41

49

46

5300

6300

5800

2260

3240

2740

500

500

500

630

30,2

3,4

1,4

2,5

2,3

2,6

45

53

6730

7830

2800

3870

500

500

800

34,0

3,4

1,4

2,5

2,5

2,7

50

58

8460

9650

3410

4560

500

500

1000

38,7

3,4

1,6

2,5

2,6

2,9

52

65

10800

12000

4410

5600

250

250

Ghi ch: KG - khng c gip

GN - Gip si nhm
2GN - Hai gip bng nhm

202

Bng 234-5: Cp 6/10(12)kV cch in XLPE - 3 li

Tit
din

ng
knh li

Chiu
dy
cch
in

Chiu dy
bc trong

ng
knh si
gip

Chiu dy
bng gip

ng knh cp
gn ng

Khi lng li
rut ng

Khi lng li
rut nhm

Chiu di
ng gi

GT

2GT

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

25

5,9

3,4

1,3

1,3

2,5

0,5

2,2

2,5

2,4

36

44

41

1630

3620

2440

1170

3150

1980

500

500

500

35

6,9

3,4

1,3

1,3

2,5

0,5

2,3

2,5

2,4

38

46

43

2020

4080

2860

1380

3440

2220

500

500

500

50

8,0

3,4

1,4

1,4

2,5

0,5

2,4

2,6

2,6

41

49

45

2430

4650

3350

1580

3800

2510

500

500

500

70

9,8

3,4

1,4

1,4

2,5

0,5

2,5

2,8

2,7

45

53

49

3200

5640

4220

1950

4430

2980

500

500

500

95

11,4

3,4

1,5

1,5

2,5

0,5

2,6

2,9

2,8

49

57

53

4100

6750

5220

2360

5010

3470

500

500

500

120

12,8

3,4

1,6

1,6

2,5

0,5

2,7

3,0

2,9

52

60

57

4880

7670

6060

2680

5470

3870

500

500

500

150

14,2

3,4

1,6

1,6

2,5

0,5

2,8

3,1

3,0

55

63

60

5810

8740

7060

3090

6030

4350

500

500

500

185

15,8

3,4

1,7

1,7

2,5

0,5

2,9

3,2

3,1

59

67

64

7020

10170

8390

3610

6760

4980

500

250

250

240

18,1

3,4

1,7

1,8

3,2

0,5

3,1

3,4

3,3

64

75

70

8860

13240

10420

4370

8760

5940

250

250

250

300

20,4

3,4

1,9

1,9

3,2

0,5

3,3

3,6

3,5

70

80

75

10860

15640

12590

5230

10000

6950

250

250

250

400

23,2

3,4

2,0

2,0

3,2

0,8

3,5

3,8

3,7

76

87

83

13580

18870

16360

6370

11670

9170

250

250

250

Ghi ch: KG - khng c gip

GT - Gip si thp
2GT - Hai gip bng thp

203

Bng 234-6: Cp 12,7/22(24)kV cch in XLPE 1 li

Tit
din

ng
knh li

Chiu
dy
cch
in

Chiu dy
bc trong

ng
knh si
gip

Chiu dy bng
gip

ng knh cp
gn ng

Khi lng li
rut ng

Khi lng li
rut nhm

Chiu di
ng gi

GN

2GN

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

35

6,9

5,5

1,2

1,2

1,6

0,5

1,7

1,9

1,8

23

29

27

750

1150

1020

540

940

810

1000

1000

1000

50

8,0

5,5

1,2

1,2

1,6

0,5

1,8

2,0

1,9

25

30

29

900

1320

1170

620

1040

900

1000

1000

1000

70

9,8

5,5

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

1,8

2,0

1,9

26

33

31

1130

1670

1440

720

1260

1030

1000

1000

1000

95

11,4

5,5

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

1,9

2,1

2,0

28

35

32

1420

1980

1740

840

1410

1160

1000

1000

1000

120

12,8

5,5

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

1,9

2,1

2,0

30

36

34

1670

2280

2020

950

1560

1560

1300

1000

1000

150

14,2

5,5

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,0

2,1

2,1

31

38

35

1970

2590

2320

1080

1690

1430

500

500

500

185

15,8

5,5

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,0

2,2

2,2

33

40

37

2350

3010

2730

1220

1890

1610

500

500

500

240

18,1

5,5

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,1

2,3

2,3

35

42

40

2950

3650

3370

1470

2170

1890

500

500

500

300

20,4

5,5

1,3

1,3

2,5

0,5

2,2

2,4

2,3

38

46

42

3580

4490

4020

1720

2630

2160

500

500

500

400

23,2

5,5

1,3

1,3

2,5

0,5

2,3

2,5

2,4

41

49

46

4440

5430

4940

2060

3060

2560

500

500

500

500

26,3

5,5

1,4

1,4

2,5

0,5

2,4

2,6

2,5

46

54

50

5610

6740

6160

2580

3680

3100

500

500

500

630

30,2

5,5

1,4

2,5

2,5

2,7

50

58

7050

8310

3120

4350

500

500

800

34,0

5,5

1,6

2,5

2,6

2,9

54

62

8880

10150

3750

5060

250

250

1000

38,7

5,5

1,6

2,5

2,7

3,0

60

69

1400

12400

4720

6130

250

250

Ghi ch: KG - khng c gip

GN - Gip si nhm
2GN - Hai gip bng nhm
204

Bng 234-7: Cp 12,7/22(24)kV cch in XLPE 3 li

Tit
din

ng
knh li

Chiu
dy
cch
in

Chiu dy
bc trong

ng
knh si
gip

Chiu dy
bng gip

ng knh cp
gn ng

Khi lng li
rut ng

Khi lng li
rut nhm

Chiu di
ng gi

GT

2GT

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

35

6,9

5,5

1,5

1,5

2,5

0,5

2,6

2,9

2,8

48

56

52

2570

5220

3660

1930

4580

3020

500

500

500

50

8,0

5,5

1,6

1,6

2,5

0,5

2,7

3,0

2,9

50

59

55

3090

5790

4230

2240

4980

3390

500

500

500

70

9,8

5,5

1,6

1,6

2,5

0,5

2,8

3,1

3,0

54

62

59

3890

6780

5120

2640

5540

3880

500

500

500

95

11,4

5,5

1,7

1,7

2,5

0,5

2,9

3,2

3,1

58

67

63

4830

7940

6180

3090

6190

4440

500

500

500

120

12,8

5,5

1,8

1,8

3,2

0,5

3,0

3,4

3,2

61

71

66

5640

9810

7100

3440

7620

4900

500

250

500

150

14,2

5,5

1,8

1,8

3,2

0,5

3,1

3,5

3,3

64

75

70

6580

10990

8140

3860

8280

5420

500

250

500

185

15,8

5,5

1,9

1,9

3,2

0,5

3,2

3,6

3,4

68

79

74

7850

12490

9540

4440

9080

6130

500

250

250

240

18,1

5,5

2,0

2,0

3,2

0,8

3,4

3,8

3,7

74

85

81

9810

14890

12480

5330

10400

8000

250

250

250

300

20,4

5,5

2,1

2,1

3,2

0,8

3,6

3,9

3,8

79

91

86

11810

17310

14670

6180

11680

9040

250

250

250

400

23,2

5,5

2,2

2,2

3,2

0,8

3,8

4,2

4,1

86

97

93

14660

20680

17900

7460

13480

10710

250

250

250

Ghi ch: KG - khng c gip

GT - Gip si thp
2GT - Hai gip bng thp

205

Bng 234-8: Cp 20/35(40,5)kV cch in XLPE 1 li

Tit
din

ng
knh li

ng
knh si
gip

Chiu
dy
cch
in

GN

2GN

GN

Chiu dy
bc trong

Chiu dy bng
gip

ng knh cp
gn ng

Khi lng li
rut ng

Khi lng li
rut nhm

Chiu di
ng gi

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

KG

GN

2GN

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

50

8,0

8,8

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,0

2,2

2,2

32

38

36

1230

1860

1600

950

1580

1330

1000

1000

1000

70

9,8

8,8

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,1

2,3

2,2

34

40

38

1500

2160

1870

1090

1750

1460

1000

1000

1000

95

11,4

8,8

1,2

1,2

2,0

0,5

2,1

2,3

2,3

35

42

40

1790

2490

2210

1220

1920

1630

1000

1000

1000

120

12,8

8,8

1,3

1,3

2,5

0,5

2,2

2,4

2,3

37

45

41

2080

2950

2510

1360

2230

1790

500

500

500

150

14,2

8,8

1,3

1,3

2,5

0,5

2,2

2,5

2,4

38

46

43

2380

3300

2850

1490

2400

1950

500

500

500

185

15,8

8,8

1,3

1,3

2,5

0,5

2,3

2,5

2,4

40

48

44

2790

3730

3260

1670

2610

2140

500

500

500

240

18,1

8,8

1,4

1,4

2,5

0,5

2,4

2,6

2,5

43

51

47

3410

4430

3930

1930

2950

2450

500

500

500

300

20,4

8,8

1,4

1,4

2,5

0,5

2,4

2,7

2,6

45

53

49

4050

5130

4590

2190

3270

2730

500

500

500

400

23,2

8,8

1,5

1,5

2,5

0,5

2,5

2,8

2,7

48

57

53

4940

6150

5560

2570

3780

3190

500

500

500

500

26,3

8,8

1,5

1,5

2,5

0,5

2,6

2,9

2,8

53

61

57

6160

7470

6820

3130

4410

3760

500

500

500

630

30,2

8,8

1,6

2,5

2,7

3,0

57

65

7650

9030

3710

5070

250

250

800

34,0

8,8

1,6

2,5

2,9

3,1

61

69

9470

10930

4420

5840

250

250

1000

38,7

8,8

1,6

2,5

3,0

3,3

66

75

11950

13250

5490

6890

250

250

Ghi ch: KG - khng c gip

GN - Gip si nhm
2GN - Hai gip bng nhm

206

Bng 234-9: Cp 20/35(40,5)kV cch in XLPE 3 li

Tit
din

ng
knh li

Chiu
dy
cch
in

Chiu dy
bc trong

ng
knh si
gip

Chiu dy
bng gip

ng knh cp
gn ng

Khi lng li
rut ng

Khi lng li
rut nhm

Chiu di
ng gi

GT

2GT

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

KG

GT

2GT

mm2

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

kg/km

50

8,0

8,8

1,9

1,9

3,2

0,5

3,2

3,6

3,4

66

76

71

4360

8920

5990

3580

8140

5220

500

500

500

70

9,8

8,8

1,9

1,9

3,2

0,5

3,3

3,7

3,5

70

80

75

5290

10100

7010

4050

8860

5780

500

500

500

95

11,4

8,8

2,0

2,0

3,2

0,8

3,4

3,8

3,7

74

84

80

6310

11370

8970

4560

9630

7220

500

500

500

120

12,8

8,8

2,0

2,0

3,2

0,8

3,5

3,9

3,8

77

88

84

7240

12530

10010

5040

10330

7820

500

500

500

150

14,2

8,8

2,1

2,1

3,2

0,8

3,6

4,0

3,9

80

91

87

8260

13800

11190

5540

11090

8470

500

250

250

185

15,8

8,8

2,2

2,2

3,2

0,8

3,8

4,1

4,0

84

95

91

9610

15390

12670

6200

11980

9270

250

250

250

240

18,1

8,8

2,3

2,3

3,2

0,8

3,9

4,3

4,2

89

100

96

11620

17850

14960

7130

13370

10480

250

250

250

300

20,4

8,8

2,4

2,4

3,2

0,8

4,1

4,5

4,3

94

106

102

13770

20370

17320

8140

14740

11680

250

250

250

400

23,2

8,8

2,5

2,5

3,2

0,8

4,3

16790

9590

101

Ghi ch: KG - khng c gip

GT - Gip si thp
2GT - Hai gip bng thp

207

250

Ph lc 2.3-2: TNH TON PH TI V H S NG THI

1. Ph ti ca cc h tiu th in
i vi giai on u, ph ti tnh ton bng ph ti hin c cng thm 10% - 20%.
Ph ti pht trin trong thi hn 10 nm ly theo tc pht trin c ph duyt trong
Tng s pht trin in giai on .
2. i vi DK tit din ng nht c n ph ti r nhnh dc theo chiu di th Jkt on
u ng dy c tng K1 ln. K1 xc nh theo cng thc:
K1 =

I 12 .L
I 12 .l1 + I 22 .l 2 + .... + I n2 .l n

Trong :
- I1, I2, ... In l cc dng in ca tng on ng dy.
- l1, l2, ... ln l chiu di tng on ng dy.
- L l chiu di ton b ng dy.
3. Khi chn tit din dy dn cho nhiu h tiu th cng loi d phng ln nhau (v d bm
nc, chnh lu v.v.) gm n thit b, trong m thit b lm vic ng thi, s thit b cn li
l d phng, th jkt c tng K2 ln:

K2 =

n
m

4. H s ng thi cho tnh ton (H tiu th thun)

H s ng thi tnh ph ti cc i ca cc h tiu th thun ly nh sau:
Ph ti chiu sng cng cng: k = 1
Ph ti sinh hot: k = 0,9
Ph ti thng mi, dch v, vn phng: k = 0,85
Ph ti tiu th cng nghip: k = 0,4 - 0,5
5. Cng thc cho tnh ton:
Nu khng c c s la chn h s ng thi chc chn do ph ti hn hp, c th p
dng cng thc gn ng sau:
Pmax = Kt (Passh + Pcn,tcn+ Pnn) = KtP
Trong :
Passh: tng nhu cu cng sut cho nh sng sinh hot
Pcn,tcn: tng nhu cu cng sut cho cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip
Pnn: tng nhu cu cng sut cho nng nghip
Kt l h s ng thi cng sut ca cc ph ti, c th chn nh sau:
Khi Passh 0,5 P, th ly Kt = 0,6
208

Khi Passh = 0,7 P, th ly Kt = 0,7

Khi Passh = P, th ly Kt = 0,9
Cc trng hp khc, Kt c th ngoi suy.
6. H s ng thi tnh ton (ng dy in)
H s ng thi tnh ph ti ca ng dy c in p t 6 kV n 35kV:
i vi ng dy c 3-5 trm bin p, ly Kt = 0,9
i vi ng dy c 6-10 trm bin p, ly Kt = 0,8
i vi ng dy c 11-20 trm bin p, ly Kt = 0,75
i vi ng dy c trn 20 trm bin p, ly Kt = 0,7
Ph lc 2.3-3: LA CHN THEO TN THT IN P CHO PHP
Tt c cc dy dn (dy trn, dy bc cch in, cp v thanh dn) phi tha mn cc
iu kin tn tht in p cho php.
Tit din dy dn c chn theo chiu di ca dy dn v dng in ti trn ng dy.
Tn tht in p cho php vt qu mc quy nh khi khi ng ng c in hoc
nhng ph ti ln nhng phi ph hp vi quy trnh khi ng ca nhng thit b .
i vi mt s ph ti in i hi n nh in p mc cao, nn nu chn tit din
dy dn theo tn tht in p cho php th dy qu ln v qu tn km. Trong trng hp
ny, cn so snh vi phng n chn cp in p cao hn hoc lp my bin p t ng
iu chnh in p hoc phng n bo m tn tht in p mc bnh thng
cng vi lp t cc b n p cui ng dy.
Cng thc tnh tn tht in p nh sau:

U =

P*R +Q* X
U2

U : Tn tht in p [%]
P: Cng sut tc dng ti trn ng dy [MW]
Q: Cng sut phn khng ti trn ng dy [MVAr]
R,X: Tr khng ca ng dy [m]
U: in p h thng [kV]

209

Ph lc 2.3-4: NHIT PHT NNG CHO PHP CA DY DN V CP

THEO IU KIN NGN MCH
Nhit pht nng ca dy dn v cp khi xy ra ngn mch khng c vt qu tr s
cho php trong bng sau:
Bng 238: Nhit cho php cao nht khi ngn mch
Dng dy dn v vt liu dn in(*)

Nhit cho php

cao nht (oC)

Thanh dn:
- ng

300

- Nhm

200

Cp rut ng hoc nhm, cch in giy tm du, in

p t 22kV n 220kV

125

Cp c v cch in PVC
- Tit din n 300mm2

160

- Tit din >300mm2

140

Cp rut ng hoc nhm, cch in PE

120

Cp rut ng hoc nhm, cch in cao su

150

Cp rut ng hoc nhm, cch in XLPE hoc EPR

250

Dy ng trn chu lc ko n 20N/mm2

250

Dy ng trn chu lc ko t 20N/mm2 tr ln

200

Dy nhm trn chu lc ko n 10N/mm2

200

Dy nhm trn chu lc ko t 10N/mm2 tr ln

160

Phn nhm ca dy nhm li thp

200

Ghi ch: (*) Khng tnh cho dy dn hp kim nhm chu nhit v siu nhit.

210

Ph lc 2.3-5: DNG IN LU DI CHO PHP CA DY DN IN TRN

Cc iu kin p dng:
- Tc gi: v = 1 m/s
- Cng bc x mt tri: Si = 900 W/m2
- H s hp th nng lng mt tri:
- H s bc x vt en:

= 0,5

Ke = 0,6

- Nhit nhm: T2 = 80oC v 100oC (353oK v 373oK)

- Nhit mi trng: T1 = 20oC (293oK)
Gii thch k hiu:

1. Cc k hiu ny quy nh cc c tnh in v c ca cc dy trn c si trn, si nh

hnh xon thnh cc lp ng tm dng cho DK (sau y gi tt l dy) c ch to
bng cch kt hp cc si kim loi cho di y:
a) Nhm ko cng c k hiu A1: in tr sut 28,264nm (tng ng vi 61% IACS*);
b) Hp kim nhm loi B c k hiu A2: in tr sut 32,530nm (tng ng vi 53%
IACS);
c) Hp kim nhm loi A c k hiu A3: in tr sut 32,840 nm (tng ng vi 52,5%
IACS);
d) Thp c bn bnh thng, c k hiu l S1A hoc S1B, y A v B l cp ca lp
m km tng ng vi cp 1 v 2;
) Thp c bn cao k hiu l S2A hoc S2B;
e) Thp c bn rt cao k hiu l S3A;
f) Thp c bc nhm k hiu l SA.
Ghi ch: (*) IACS l tiu chun v dn in ca ng nhit 20oC c in tr
sut l 1,7241*10-8 /m tng ng vi 100% IACS.
2. K hiu cc dy dn:
A1/S1A, A1/S1B, A1/S2A, A1/S2B, A1/S3A, A2/S1A A2/S1B; A2/S3A; A3/S1A, A3/S1B,
A3/S3A, A1/A2, A1/A3, v.v.;
- A1, A2, A3: si trn xon thnh cc lp ng tm;
- A1F, A2F, A3F: si nh hnh xon thnh cc lp ng tm;
- Ch ci A k hiu cho cc dy xon bng nhm c hoc khng c cc si thp;
- Ax l dy nhm thun nht, trong x l loi nhm;
211

- Ax/Ay l dy nhm kt hp vi nhm, trong Ax ch cc si bn ngoi (hoc lp

ngoi) cn Ay ch cc si bn trong (hoc li);
- Ax/Sxy l dy nhm li thp, trong Ax ch cc si nhm bn ngoi cn Sxy ch li
bng thp.
Tnh ton dng in lu di cho php:
Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn in c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:

Imax = [(Prad + Pconv Psol)/RT]1/2

Trong :
Imax : dng in lu di ln nht cho php ca dy dn in (A)
Prad : tn tht nhit do bc x ln dy dn in (W)
Pconv : tn tht nhit do i lu (W)
Psol

: nhit lng mt tri ln dy dn in (W/m)

RT

: in tr ca dy dn in nhit T(/m)

Prad = s**D*Ke*(T24 T14)

Trong :
s : hng s Stefan-Boltzmant (5,67*10-8 W.m-2.K-4)
D : ng knh dy dn in (m)
Ke : h s bc x vt en
T : nhit (K)
T1 : nhit mi trng (K)
T2 : nhit cn bng (K)
Pconv = *Nu*(T2 T1)*
Trong :
: dn nhit tip xc ca dy dn trong khng kh,
gi nh khng i v bng: 0,02585 W.m-1.K-1
Nu : h s Nusselt, c xc nh bng phng trnh:
Nu = 0,65Re0,2 + 0,23Re0,61
Re = 1,644*109*v*D*[T1+0,5*(T2 - T1)]-1,78
v : tc gi (m/s)
Psol = *D*S1
Trong d:
: h s hp th nng lng mt tri
D : ng knh dy dn in (m)
S1 : cng bc x mt tri (W/m2)

212

Bng 239-1: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy nhm ko cng A1

Tit din

ng knh

in tr

in tr

(mm2)

si

(mm)

80oC

100oC

/km

/km

Dng in lu di cho php (A)

Tz = 80C

T z = 100C

10

4,05

3,5592

3,7902

108

122

16

5,12

2,2245

2,3689

146

163

25

6,40

1,4237

1,5161

194

217

40

8,09

0,8898

0,9475

262

293

63

10,2

0,5650

0,6016

351

393

100

19

12,9

0,3576

0,3808

472

529

125

19

14,5

0,2865

0,3050

545

612

160

19

16,4

0,2239

0,2384

638

718

200

19

18,3

0,1793

0,1909

737

829

250

19

20,5

0,1436

0,1529

852

959

315

37

23,0

0,1146

0,1219

987

1113

400

37

26,0

0,0905

0,0963

1152

1300

450

37

27,5

0,0807

0,0858

1240

1401

500

37

29,0

0,0728

0,0774

1327

1500

560

61

30,7

0,0653

0,0694

1425

1612

630

61

32,6

0,0584

0,0620

1535

1738

710

61

34,6

0,0522

0,0554

1653

1873

800

61

36,8

0,0466

0,0494

1783

2022

900

61

39,0

0,0419

0,0444

1914

2173

1000

61

41,1

0,0381

0,0403

2039

2319

1120

91

43,5

0,0345

0,0365

2181

2481

1250

91

46,0

0,0313

0,0331

2330

2652

1400

91

48,7

0,0286

0,0301

2480

2832

1500

91

50,4

0,0271

0,0284

2575

2948

213

Bng 239-2: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy hp kim nhm A2

Tit din

S si

(mm2)

ng knh

in tr

in tr

(mm)

80oC

100oC

/km

/km

Dng in lu di cho php (A)

T z . 80C

T z = 100C

16

5,49

2,1783

2,3073

150

168

25

6,86

1,3941

1,4766

200

224

40

8,68

0,8713

0,9229

270

303

63

10,9

0,5532

0,5860

361

406

100

19

13,9

0,3502

0,3709

487

548

125

19

15,5

0,2805

0,2971

562

633

160

19

17,6

0,2192

0,2322

569

743

200

19

19,6

0,1756

0,1860

760

858

250

19

22,0

0,1406

0,1489

879

993

315

37

24,7

0,1122

0,1188

1019

1152

400

37

27,9

0,0887

0,0938

1188

1346

450

37

29,6

0,0790

0,0836

1282

1452

500

37

31,2

0,0714

0,0755

1370

1553

560

61

33,0

0,0640

0,0676

1472

1671

630

61

35,0

0,0572

0,0604

1585

1800

710

61

37,2

0,0512

0,0540

1706

1941

800

61

39,5

0,0457

0,0483

1840

2091

900

91

41,9

0,0411

0,0433

1975

2251

1000

91

44,1

0,0374

0,0394

2104

2398

1120

91

46,7

0,0339

0,0356

2249

2569

1250

91

49,4

0,0308

0,0323

2401

2746

214

Bng 239-3: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy hp kim nhm A3

Tit din

S si

(mm2)

ng knh

in tr

in tr

(mm)

80oC

100oC

/km

/km

Dng in lu di cho php (A)

T z = 80C

Tz = 100C

16

5,52

2,1783

2,3073

151

169

25

6,90

1,3941

1,4766

200

224

40

8,72

0,8713

0,9229

270

303

63

11,9

0,5532

0,5860

361

406

100

19

14,0

0,3502

0,3709

488

549

125

19

15,6

0,2805

0,2971

563

634

160

19

17,6

0,2192

0,2322

659

743

200

19

19,7

0,1756

0,1860

761

859

250

19

22,1

0,1406

0,1489

880

994

315

37

24,8

0,1122

0,1188

1020

1153

400

37

28,0

0,0887

0,0938

1190

1348

450

37

29,7

0,0790

0,0836

1283

1454

500

37

31,3

0,0714

0,0755

1371

1555

560

61

33,2

0,0640

0,0676

1474

1614

630

61

35,2

0,0572

0,0604

1587

1804

710

61

37,3

0,0512

0,0540

1708

1942

800

61

39,6

0,0457

0,0483

1841

2093

900

91

42,1

0,0411

0,0433

1978

2254

1000

91

44,4

0,0374

0,0394

2108

2403

1120

91

46,9

0,0339

0,0356

2252

2573

215

Bng 239-4: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn A1/A2

Tit din

S si

(mm )
2

ng knh

in tr

in tr

(mm)

80 C

100 C

/km

/km

Dng in lu di cho php (A)

T z = 80C

Tz = 100C

16

4/3

5,28

2,1962

2,3337

148

166

25

4/3

6,60

1,4060

1,4941

197

220

40

4/3

8,35

0,8780

0,9330

266

298

63

4/3

10,5

0,5582

0,5932

356

399

100

4/3

13,2

0,3515

0,3735

479

538

125

12/7

14,9

0,2829

0,3007

553

621

160

12/7

16,8

0,2208

0,2346

648

729

200

12/7

18,8

0,1775

0,1886

747

841

250

12/7

21,0

0,1423

0,1511

862

972

250

18/19

21,3

0,1426

0,1513

865

976

315

30/7

23,4

0,1142

0,1214

993

1121

315

18/19

23,9

0,1134

0,1204

1003

1133

400

30/7

26,3

0,0902

0,0958

1158

1308

400

18/19

27,0

0,0894

0,0949

1172

1325

450

30/7

27,9

0,0804

0,0855

1248

1410

450

18/19

28,6

0,0796

0,0845

1264

1429

500

30/7

29,4

0,0724

0,0770

1336

1510

500

18/19

30,1

0,0717

0,0761

1352

1530

560

30/7

31,2

0,0648

0,0688

1438

1627

560

54/7

31,0

0,0651

0,0691

1432

1620

630

42/19

33,4

0,0588

0,0624

1541

1745

630

24/37

34,1

0,0582

0,0618

1559

1765

710

42/19

35,5

0,0523

0,0555

1664

1886

710

24/37

36,2

0,0517

0,0548

1684

1910

800

42/19

37,6

0,0467

0,0495

1793

2034

800

24/37

38,4

0,0463

0,0486

1812

2066

900

42/19

39,9

0,0417

0,0442

1932

2193

900

54/37

40,2

0,0426

0,0451

1916

2176

1000

72/19

41,8

0,0388

0,0412

2031

2305

1000

54/37

42,4

0,0386

0,0408

2046

2327

1120

72/19

44,2

0,0349

0,0370

2179

2476

1120

54/37

44,9

0,0347

0,0367

2196

2499

1250

72/19

46,7

0,0315

0,0334

2333

2653

1250

54/37

47,4

0,0313

0,0331

2351

2677

1400

72/19

49,4

0,0283

0,0300

2505

2850

216

Bng 239-5: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn A1/A3

Tit din
(mm2)

S si

ng knh
(mm)

in tr
80oC
/km

in tr
100oC
/km

16

4/3

5,29

2,1941

25

4/3

6,62

40

4/3

63

Dng in lu di cho php (A)

T z = 80C

Tz = 100C

2,3315

148

166

1,4009

1,4886

197

221

8,37

0.8792

0,9343

266

298

4/3

10,5

0,5570

0,5919

356

400

100

4/3

13,2

0,3512

0,3732

479

538

125

12/7

14,9

0,2825

0,3003

553

622

160

12/7

16,9

0,2211

0,2350

649

730

200

12/7

18,8

0,1770

0,1880

748

843

250

12/7

21,1

0,1426

0,1514

862

972

250

18/19

21,4

0,1421

0,1509

867

978

315

30/7

23,4

0,1143

0,1215

993

1120

315

18/19

24,0

0,1132

0,1202

1005

1135

400

30/7

26,4

0,0903

0,0960

1158

1308

400

18/19

27,0

0,0894

0,0949

1172

1325

450

30/7

28,0

0,0803

0,0854

1250

1412

450

18/19

28,7

0,0796

0,0845

1265

1430

500

30/7

29,5

0.0724

0,0769

1337

1513

500

18/19

30,2

0,0718

0,0762

1353

1531

560

30/7

31,2

0,0648

0,0688

1438

1627

560

54/7

31,1

0,0650

0,0691

1434

1622

630

42/19

33,4

0,0587

0,0623

1542

1747

630

24/37

34,2

0,0582

0,0618

1560

1767

710

42/19

35,5

0,0523

0,0555

1664

1886

710

24/37

36,3

0,0516

0,0548

1687

1912

800

42/19

37,7

0,0466

0,0495

1796

2036

800

24/37

38,5

0,0462

0,0486

1815

2068

900

42/19

40,0

0,0417

0,0442

1933

2195

900

54/37

40,3

0,0426

0,0451

1917

2178

1000

72/19

41,8

0,0388

0,0411

2031

2308

1000

54/37

42,5

0,0386

0,0409

2047

2326

1120

72/19

44,3

0,0349

0,0370

2181

2478

1120

54/37

45,0

0,0347

0,0367

2198

2501

1250

72/19

46,8

0,0315

0,0334

2335

2654

1250

54/37

47,5

0,0313

0,0331

2353

2679

1400

72/19

49,5

0,0283

0,0300

2506

2851

217

Bng 239-6: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn nhm li thp A1/Sxy

Tit din
(mm2)

S si

16

6/1*

25

ng knh
(mm)
5,53

in tr
80oC
/km
2,2293

in tr
100oC
/km
2,3740

6/1*

6,91

1,4268

40

6/1*

8,74

63

6/1*

100

Dng in lu di cho php (A)

T 2 = 80C

T z = 100C

149

166

1,5194

198

221

0,8918

0,9496

267

299

11.0

0,5662

0,6030

358

401

6/1*

13,8

0,3566

0,3798

481

540

125

18/1

14,9

0.2867

0,3053

549

617

125

26/7

15,7

0,2873

0,3059

557

626

160

18/1

16,8

0,2241

0,2387

643

723

160

26/7

17,7

0,2246

0,2391

652

734

200

18/1

18,8

0,1794

0,1910

743

836

200

26/7

19,8

0.1797

0,1914

754

848

250

22/7

21,6

0,1437

0,1531

865

974

250

26/7

22,2

0,1438

0,1531

872

982

315

45/7

23,9

0,1145

0,1218

998

1126

315

26/7

24,9

0,1143

0,1217

1012

1141

400

45/7

26,9

0,0904

0,0962

1164

1314

400

54/7

27,6

0,0904

0,0962

1173

1325

450

45/7

28,5

0,0805

0,0857

1255

1418

450

54/7

29,3

0,0805

0,0857

1266

1430

500

45/7

30,1

0,0727

0,0773

1343

1518

500

54/7

30,9

0,0725

0.0771

1355

1533

560

45/7

31,8

0,0650

0,0692

1444

1632

560

54/19

32,7

0,0648

0,0690

1458

1649

630

45/7

33,8

0,0580

0,0617

1557

1762

630

54/19

34,7

0,0578

0,0615

1572

1779

710

45/7

35,9

0,0517

0,0549

1680

1903

710

54/19

36,8

0,0515

0,0547

1696

1922

800

72/7

37,6

0,0463

0,0491

1800

2042

800

84/7

38,3

0,0462

0,0491

1812

2054

800

54/19

39,1

0,0460

0,0489

1828

2072

900

7217

39,9

0,0415

0,0440

1936

2198

900

84/7

46,0

0,0414

0,0439

2025

2303

1000

72/7

42,1

0,0377

0,0400

2065

2345

1120

72/19

44,5

0,0341

0,0360

2209

2516

1120

84/19

45,3

0,0338

0,0358

2231

2537

1250

72/19

47,0

0,0309

0,0356

2360

2690

1250

84/19

47,9

0,0307

0,0325

2382

2711

Ghi ch: (*) B qua dng in cm ng trong li thp.

218

Bng 239-7: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn hp kim nhm li thp A2/Sxy

Tit din

S si

(mm )
2

ng knh

in tr

in tr

(mm)

80 C

100 C

/km

/km

Dng in lu di cho php (A)

T z = 80C

Tz = 100C

16

6/1*

5,93

2,1830

2,3122

153

172

25

6/1*

7,41

1,3971

1,4798

204

229

40

6/1*

9,38

0,8732

0,9249

276

309

63

6/1*

11,8

0,5544

0,5873

369

415

100

18/1

14,3

0,3506

0,3713

491

552

125

18/1

16,0

0,2808

0,2974

566

638

125

26/7

16,8

0,2813

0,2979

574

647

160

18/1

18,0

0,2195

0,2324

663

748

160

26/7

19,0

0,2199

0,2329

673

760

200

18/1

20,2

0,1757

0,1861

767

866

200

26/7

21,3

0,1760

0,1864

778

879

250

22/7

23,1

0,1408

0,1491

891

1007

250

26/7

23,8

0,1408

0,1491

899

1017

315.

45/7

25,6

0,1121

0,1187

1008

1139

315

26/7

26,7

0,1119

0,1185

1044

1181

400

45/7

28,9

0,0886

0,0937

1022

1362

400

54/7

29,7

0,0885

0,0937

1212

1373

450

45/7

30,6

0,0789

0,0835

1295

1468

450

54/7

31,5

0,0788

0,0835

1308

1481

500

45/7

32,3

0,0712

0,0753

1386

1572

500

54/7

33,2

0,0710

0,0751

1400

1588

560

45/7

34,2

0,0637

0,0674

1491

1692

560

54/19

35,1

0,0635

0,0672

1505

1708

630

72/7

39,4

0,0570

0,0603

1646

1870

630

54/19

37,2

0,0567

0,0599

1622

1843

710

72/7

41,8

0,0508

0,0537

1775

2019

710

54119

39,5

0,0505

0,0533

1750

1991

800

72/7

40,4

0,0454

0,0479

1859

2115

800

84/7

41,1

0,0453

0,0478

1870

2129

900

72/7

42,8

0,0407

0,0429

1998

2276

900

84/7

43,6

0,0406

0,0428

2012

2292

1000

84/19

45,9

0,0367

0,0388

2150

2448

1120

884/19

48,6

0,0332

0,0349

2301

2628

Ghi ch *) B qua dng in cm ng trong li thp.

219

Bng 239-8: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn hp kim nhm li thp A3/Sxy

Tit din

S si

(mm )
2

ng knh

in tr

in tr

(mm)

80 C

100 C

/km

/km

Dng in lu di cho php (A)

T z = 80C

Tz = 100C

16

6/1*

5,96

2,1830

2,3122

154

172

25

6/1*

7,45

1,3971

1,4798

204

229

40

6/1*

9,42

0,8732

0,9249

276

310

63

6/1*

11,8

0,5544

0,5873

369

415

100

18/1

14,3

0,3506

0,3713

491

552

125

18/1

16,0

0,2808

0,2974

566

638

125

26/7

16,9

0,2813

0,2979

575

648

160

18/1

18,1

0,2195

0,2324

664

749

160

26/7

19,1

0,2199

0,2329

674

761

200

18/1

20,3

0,1757

0,1861

768

867

200

26/7

21,4

0,1760

0,1864

779

880

250

22/7

23,2

0,1408

0,1491

892

1009

250

26/7

23,9

0,1408

0,1491

900

1018

315

45/7

25,7

0,1121

0,1187

1031

1167

315

26/7

26,8

0,1119

0,1185

1045

1183

400

45/7

29,0

0,0886

0,0937

1203

1363

400

54/7

29,8

0,0885

0,0937

1213

1375

450

45/7

30,8

0,0789

0,0835

1298

1471

450

54/7

31,6

0,0788

0,0835

1309

1483

500

45/7

32,4

0,0712

0,0753

1387

1573

500

54/7

33,33

0,0710

0,0751

1401

1589

560

45/7

34,3

0,0637

0,0674

1492

1693

560

54/19

35,3

0,0635

0,0672

1508

1711

630

72/7

39,6

0,0570

0,0603

1649

1873

630

54/19

37,4

0,0567

0,0599

1624

1846

710

72/7

42,0

0,0508

0,0537

1778

2022

710

54/19

39,7

0,0505

0,0533

1753

1994

800

72/7

40,5

0,0454

0,0479

1860

2117

800

84/7

41,3

0,0453

0,0478

1873

2132

900

72/7

43,0

0,0407

0,0429

2001

2280

900

84/7

43,8

0,0406

0,0428

2015

2296

1000

84/19

46,2

0,0367

0,0388

2154

2453

1120

84/19

48,9

0,0332

0,0349

2305

2633

Ghi ch: (*) B qua dng in cm ng trong li thp.

220

Ph lc 2.3-6: DY DN IN TRN ACSR

Bng 239-9: c tnh k thut v dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn ACSR
TCVN 5064:1994, S 1995
Tit
din
mm2
10/1.8
16/2.7
25/4.2
35/6.2
50/8.0
70/11
70/72
95/16
95/141
120/19
120/27
150/19
150/24
150/34
185/24
185/29
185/43
185/128
240/32
240/39
240/56
300/39
300/48
300/66
300/67
300/204
330/30
330/43
400/18
400/22
400/51
400/64
400/93

Kt cu
Nhm
n x mm
6 x 1.50
6 x 1.85
6 x 2.30
6 x 2.80
6 x 3.20
6 x 3.80
18 x 2.20
6 x 4.50
24 x 2.20
26 x 2.40
30 x 2.20
24 x 2.80
26 x 2.70
30 x 2.50
24 x 3.15
26 x 2.98
30 x 2.80
54 x 2.10
24 x 3.60
26 x 3.40
30 x 3.20
24 x 4.00
26 x 3.80
30 x 3.50
30 x 3.50
54 x 2.65
48 x 2.98
54 x 2.80
42 x 3.40
76 x 2.57
54 x 3.05
26 x 4.37
30 x 4.15

Thp m
n x mm
1 x 1.50
1 x 1.85
1 x 2.30
1 x 2.80
1 x 3.20
1 x 3.80
19 x 2.20
1 x 4.50
37 x 2.20
7 x 1.85
7 x 2.20
7 x 1.85
7 x 2.10
7 x 2.50
7 x 2.10
7 x 2.30
7 x 2.80
37 x 2.10
7 x 2.40
7 x 2.65
7 x 3.20
7 x 2.65
7 x 2.95
19 x 2.10
7 x 3.50
37 x 2.65
7 x 2.30
7 x 2.80
7 x 1.85
7 x 2.00
7 x 3.05
7 x 3.40
19 x 2.50

ng knh
gn ng
mm
4,50
5,55
6,90
8,40
9,60
11,40
15,40
13,50
19,80
15,15
15,40
16,75
17,10
17,50
18,90
18,82
19,60
23,10
21,60
21.55
22.40
23,95
24,05
24,50
24,50
29,15
24,80
25,20
26,00
26,60
27,50
27,70
29,10

Khi lng
tng gn ng
kg/km
43
65
100
149
195
274
755
384
1357
471
523
554
600
675
705
727
847
1525
920
952
1106
1132
1187
1312
1320
2428
1151
1255
1199
1260
1490
1571
1850

in tr 1 chiu
ln nht 20oC
/km
2,7064
1,7818
1,1521
0,7774
0,5951
0,4218
0,4194
0,3007
0,3146
0,244
0,2531
0,2046
0,2039
0,2061
0,1540
0,1591
0,1559
0,1543
0,1182
0,1222
0,1197
0,0958
0,0978
0,1000
0,1000
0,0968
0,0861
0,0869
0,0758
0,0733
0,0733
0,0741
0,0711

Ghi ch: (*) iu kin tnh ton dng mang ti cho php
- Nhit lm vic ca dy dn: 90oC
- Nhit mi trng: 30oC
- Tc gi: 0,5m/s
221

Lc ko t
nh nht
N
4089
6220
9296
13524
17112
24130
96826
33369
180775
41521
49465
46 307
52279
62643
58075
62055
77767
183816
75 050
80895
98253
90574
100623
117520
126270
284579
88848
103784
85600
95115
120481
129183
173715

Dng in ti
cho php (*)
A
89
116
153
197
234
291
318
362
395
415
410
467
471
471
557
547
560
590
661
650
664
756
750
746
746
798
805
806
870
890
900
897
930

Ph lc 2.3-7: DNG IN LU DI CHO PHP CA THANH DN IN

Bng 240-1: Dng in cho php lu di ca thanh dn trn
hoc ng bng ng hoc nhm
ng
knh

Thanh trn
Dng in (*) (A)

ng ng
ng knh

ng nhm

trong/ngoi

Dng in
(A)

ng knh
trong/ngoi

Dng in
(A)

120

12/15

340

13/16

295

195

150

14/18

460

17/20

345

235

180

16/20

505

18/22

425

10

320

245

18/22

555

27/30

500

12

415

320

20/24

600

26/30

575

14

505

390

22/26

650

25/30

640

15

565

435

25/30

830

36/40

765

16

610/615

475

29/34

925

35/40

850

18

720/725

560

35/40

1100

40/45

935

19

780/785

605/610

40/45

1200

45/50

1040

20

835/840

650/655

45/50

1330

50/55

1150

21

900/905

695/700

49/55

1580

54/60.

1340

22

955/965

740/745

53/60

1860

64/70

1545

25

1140/1165

885/900

62/70

2295

74/80

1770

27

1270/1290

980/1000

72/80

2610

72/80

2035

28

1325/1360

1025/1050

75/85

3070

75/85

2400

30

1450/1490

1120/1155

90/95

2460

90/95

1925

35

1770/1865

1370/1450

95/100

3060

90/100

2840

38

1960/2100

1510/1620

40

2080/2260

1610/1750

42

2200/2430

1700/1870

45

2380/2670

1850/2060

(mm)

ng

Nhm

155

Ghi ch: (*) T s l dng in xoay chiu cho php,

mu s l dng in mt chiu cho php

222

Bng 240-2: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn ch nht bng ng

Kch thc,
(mm)
15x3
20x3
25x3
30x4
40x4
40x5
50x5
50*x6
60x6
80x6
100x6
60x8
80x8
100x8
120x8
60x10
80x10
100x10
120x10

Dng in(*) cho php theo s lng thanh trong 1 pha (A)
1
2
3
4
210
275
340
475
625
-/1090
700/705
-/1250
860/870
-/1525
-/1895
955/960
-/1700
-/2145
1125/1145
1470/1990
2240/2495
1480/1510
2110/2360
2720/3220
1810/1875
2470/3245
3770/3940
1320/1345
2160/2485
2790/3020
1690/1755
2620/3095
3370/3850
2080/2180
3630/3180
3930/4690
2400/2600
3400/4400
4340/5600
1475/1525
2560/2725
3300/3530
1900/1990
3100/3510
3990/4450
2310/2470
3610/4395
4650/5385
5300/6060
2650/2950
4100/5000
5200/6250
5900/6800

Ghi ch: (*) T s l dng in xoay chiu cho php,

mu s l dng in mt chiu cho php
Bng 240-3: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn bng ng thau hoc ng
thau c rut thp
Dy ng thau

Dy ng thau c rut thp

M hiu dy Dng in(*) cho php (A) M hiu dy

Dng in(*) cho php (A)

B-50

215

BC-185

515

B-70

265

BC-240

640

B-95

330

BC-300

750

B-120

380

BC-400

890

B-150

430

BC-500

980

B-185

500

B-240

600

B-300

700

Ghi ch: (*) Dng in cho php ng vi dy dn bng ng thau c in tr sut l

20 = 0,003 .mm2/m

223

Bng 240-4: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn ch nht bng nhm

Dng in (*) cho php theo s lng thanh trong 1 pha (A)
1
2
3
4
165
215
265
365 / 370
480
- / 885
540 / 545
- / 965
665 / 670
- / 1180
- / 1470
740 / 745
- / 1335
- / 1655
870 / 880
1350 / 1555
1720 / 1940
1150 / 1170
1360 / 2055
2100 / 2460
1425 / 1455
1935 / 2515
2500 / 3040
1025 / 1040
1680 / 1810
2810 / 2330
1320 / 1355
2040 / 2100
2625 / 2975
1625 / 1690
2390 / 2945
3050 / 3620
1900 / 2040
2650 / 3350
3380 / 4250
1155 / 1180
2010 / 2110
2650 / 2720
1480 / 1540
2410 / 2735
3100 / 3440
1820 / 1910
2860 / 3350
3640 / 4160
4150 / 4400
2070 / 2300
3200 / 3900
4100 / 4800
4650 / 5200

Kch thc
(mm)
15x3
20x3
25x3
30x4
40x4
40x5
50x5
50x6
60x6
80x6
100x6
60x8
80x8
100x8
120x8
60x10
80x10
100x10
120x10

Ghi ch: (*) T s l dng in xoay chiu cho php,

mu s l dng in mt chiu cho php
Bng 240-5: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn b tr hnh vung
Kch thc (mm)

Tit din ca

h1

80

140

157

80

10

144

100

100
120

bn thanh

(mm2)

Dng in cho php ca c b (A)

ng

Nhm

2560

5750

4550

160

3200

6400

5100

160

185

3200

7000

5550

10

164

188

4000

7700

6200

10

184

216

4800

9050

7300

Hnh 240-1: S tit din ca thanh dn b tr hnh vung

224

Bng 240-6: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn b tr hnh hp

Kch thc (mm)

Tit din ton

phn (mm2)

75

35

75

35

5.5

100

45

100

Dng in cho php ca c b

(A)
ng

Nhm

1040

2730

1390

3250

2670

4.5

1550

3620

2820

45

2020

4300

3500

125

55

6.5

10

2740

5500

4640

150

65

10

3570

7000

5650

175

80

12

4880

8550

6430

200

90

10

14

6870

9900

7550

200

90

12

16

8080

10500

8830

225

105

12.5

16

9760

12500

10300

250

115

12.5

16

10900

10800

Hnh 240-2 S tit din ca thanh dn b tr hnh hp

Bng 240-7: H s hiu chnh dng in lu di cho php ca
thanh dn theo nhit ca mi trng
Nhit
tiu chun ca

H s hiu chnh dng in lu di cho php theo nhit mi

trng (oC)

thanh dn (oC)

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

80

1,09

1,04

1,00

0,90

0,80

0,80

0,80

0,74

70

1,11

1,05

1,00

0,94

0,88

0,81

0,74

0,67

65

1,12

1,06

1,00

0,94

0,87

0,79

0,71

0,61

60

1,13

1,07

1,00

0,93

0,85

0,76

0,66

0,54

55

1,15

1,08

1,00

0,91

0,82

0,71

0,58

0,41

50

1,18

1,09

1,00

0,89

0,78

0,63

0,45

225

Ph lc 2.3-8: IU KIN KH HU TNH TON I VI DY DN IN

1. iu kin kh hu tnh v la chn kt cu DK phi cn c vo kt qu kho st
nhiu nm v tc gi v nhit khng kh trong vng tuyn DK d kin xy dng.
Khi x l s liu kho st phi xt n c im kh hu cc b nh hng ca p lc gi
v cc iu kin thin nhin (a hnh nhp nh, cao so vi mc nc bin, cnh h
nc ln, hng gi thi, v.v.) cng nh xt n cc cng trnh c hoc ang c
thit k xy dng trong vng DK i qua (h cha nc, thp nc, v.v.).
2. p lc gi
p lc gi tiu chun, p lc gi theo tng vng, h s tng p lc gi, h s gim p lc
gi i vi DK c in p trn 1kV phi ly theo cc gi tr trong TCVN-2737-1995.
p lc gi tiu chun ca cc ng dy c in p t 110kV tr ln khng c nh
hn 60 daN/m2.
Thi gian s dng p dng d kin theo cc gi tr cho trong bng sau:
Bng 243-1: Thi gian s dng d kin
in p (kV)
Thi gian s dng d kin (nm)
Trn 1 n 35
15
110
20
220
30
500
40
3. p lc gi tiu chun
p lc gi tiu chun p dng cho cc dy dn in v dy chng st ca DK c in
p trn 1kV phi c tnh theo cng thc sau:

P = a * C x * K 1 * q * F * sin 2

P : p lc gi tiu chun (daN)

a : H s khng ng u p lc gi trong khong ct
C x : H s kh ng lc
- 1,1: ng knh dy dn in v dy chng st l 20 mm v ln hn.
- 1,2: ng knh dy dn in v dy chng st nh hn 20 mm.
K 1 : H s bin i c tnh n nh hng ca khong vt ln p lc gi
q : p lc gi tiu chun theo khu vc c quy nh trong tiu chun
TCVN-2737-1995.
F : Din tch cn gi ca dy dn in hoc dy chng st (m2)
: Gc gia hng gi v trc ca tuyn ng dy.
Bng 243-2: H s a p lc gi khng ng u
p lc gi (daN/m2)
H s p lc gi khng ng u (*)
270
1,00
400
0,85
550
0,75
760 v ln hn
0,70

Ghi ch: (*) Cc gi tr trung gian tnh ni suy.

Bng 243-3: H s K 1 bin i c tnh n nh hng
ca khong vt ln p lc gi
Chiu di khong vt (m)
H s bin i (*)
n 50
1,20
100
1,10
150
1,05
250 v ln hn
1,00
226

Ghi ch: (*) Cc gi tr trung gian tnh ni suy.

4.Yu cu c bit ca p lc gi tiu chun
p lc gi tiu chun ca cc DK c in p trn 1kV n 22 kV ln dy dn cao
di 12 m c php gim 15 %, tr trng hp vn dng h s che chn gim
p lc gi trong cc vng khut gi.
i vi on DK thuc vng ni, ch a hnh cao vt ln so vi xung quanh (nh
ni, o, v.v.) cng nh nhng on giao cho vi thung lng, hm ni gi thi mnh,
p lc gi tiu chun ln nht, nu khng c s liu quan st phi ly theo tiu chun
hin hnh.
5. p lc gi theo chiu cao ca dy dn in v dy chng st
a) Dy dn khong ct bnh thng
p lc gi tc ng vo dy dn ca DK c xc nh cao trng tm quy i ca
tt c cc dy. cao trng tm quy i ca dy dn xc nh theo cng thc:
2
hqd = htb f
3
hqd : cao quy i v im trng tm ca tt c cc dy dn (m)
htb : cao trung bnh mc dy dn vo cch in (m)
f : vng ln nht ca cc dy dn ( nhit cao nht) (m)
b) Dy chng st khong ct bnh thng
p lc gi tc ng ln dy chng st phi c xc nh theo cao b tr trng tm
ca cc dy chng st.
c) p lc gi tc ng ln cc dy dn v dy chng st khong vt ln phi c
xc nh theo cc quy nh b sung sau:
- Trong trng hp khong vt ch c mt khong ct, cao trng tm quy i ca cc
dy dn in v dy chng st c tnh theo cng thc sau:
h + h2 2
hqd = 1
f
2
3
hqd : cao quy i v im trng lc ca cc dy dn in v dy chng st
khong vt (m)
h1 , h2 : cao t im mc dy dn in hoc dy chng st tnh t mt t
hoc mt nc bnh thng ca sng, vnh, vv. (m)
f : vng ln nht ca cc dy dn ( nhit cao nht) (m)
- Trong trng hp khong vt bao gm nhiu khong ct, cao trng tm quy i
ca dy dn hoc dy chng st phi tnh chung cho c khong vt (gii hn bng 2 ct
no hm), theo cng thc:
hqd 1l1 + hqd 2 l 2 + + hqdn l n
hqd =
l1 + l 2 + + l n
hqd 1 , hqd 2 , hqdn : cao quy i v im trng lc ca cc dy dn in v dy
chng st tng khong vt (m)
l1 , l 2 , l n : Chiu di tng khong vt (m)
6. Hng gi tnh ton
- Gi tc ng vo dy dn in v dy chng st phi ly hng gc 90o, 45o v 0o vi
tuyn ng dy.
- Gi tc ng vo ct in phi ly hng gi hp vi tuyn ng dy gc 90o v 45o.
7. iu kin kh hu
iu kin kh hu khi thit k DK c in p trn 1kV phi tun th cc ni dung trong
227

bng sau:.

Bng 243-4: Nhit khng kh v p lc gi khi thit k

iu kin

Nhit khng kh
Cao nht Tmax
Thp nht Tmin
Trung bnh nm Ttb
250C
Thp nht Tmin
Trung bnh nm Ttb
25 oC

Ch
bnh thng
Ch
s c

p lc gi
q=0
q=0
q=0
Ln nht qmax
q=0
q=0
Ln nht qmax(*)

Ghi ch: (*) p lc gi ln nht trong iu kin s c cho php p dng cc gi tr trong
tiu chun TCVN-2737-1995.
8. iu kin kim tra khong cch t cc phn mang in n cc kt cu ct
Khong cch t cc phn mang in ca DK c in p trn 1kV n cc phn khng
mang in ca cc kt cu ct phi c kim tra bng tnh ton trong cc iu kin kh
hu cho trong bng sau:
Bng 243-5: Nhit khng kh v p lc gi khi kim tra khong cch
in p
in p
Lm vic

Nhit khng kh

p lc gi

25 oC

Ln nht qmax

Qu in p
kh quyn

20 oC

Qu in p
ni b

20 oC

q=0.1qmax
(khng nh hn
6,25 daN/m2)
q=0.1qmax
(khng nh hn
6,25 daN/m2)

Gc lch theo hng thng ng ca chui s treo do tc ng ca gi c tnh theo

cng thc sau:
KP2
tg = G + 0,5G
d
c
: Gc lch theo hng thng ng ca chui s do tc ng ca gi
K : H s dao ng ca dy dn. Gi tr ny ph thuc vo p lc gi cho
trong bng tip theo.
P2 : p lc gi tc ng ln dy dn c tnh n lc nm ngang do ko cng
trong trng hp gc (daN/m2)
Gd : Ti trng ca dy dn tc ng ln chui s (daN)
Gc : Trng lng ca chui s (daN)
Bng 243-6: H s dao ng K ca dy dn
p lc gi (daN/m2)
40
45
55
65
80
100 v ln hn

H s dao ng ca dy dn K
1,00
0,95
0,90
0,85
0,80
0,75
228

Ph lc 2.3-9: KIM TRA THEO IU KIN VNG QUANG

i vi cp in p 110kV tr ln, dy dn phi c kim tra theo iu kin vng quang,
theo nhit trung bnh ca khng kh v mt khng kh ph thuc cao so vi mt
bin. Cng in trng cc i (E) mt ngoi dy dn khng c vt qu 0,9E0
(E0 l cng in trng bt u pht sinh vng quang trn dy dn).
E0 = 17 21kV/cm.
Cng in trng trong thc t ca dy phn pha c tnh theo cng thc sau:

E=

0,354.U
[1 + 2
Dtb
n.r. lg
rtd

180 o
kV
n (n 1)]
, [ max ]
a
cm

r. sin

Trong :
U: in p danh nh, kV
n: s dy phn pha, nu khng phn pha th n =1
a: khong cch gia cc dy phn pha, cm,
r: bn knh ca mi dy, cm
Dtb: khong cch trung bnh hnh hc gia cc pha
rtd: bn knh tng ng, tnh theo cng thc:

rt = R n

n.r
R

[cm] , trong R =

a
180 [cm]
2 sin
n

i vi cp in p 110kV, tit din nh nht hn ch pht sinh vng quang l 70mm2,

v i vi cp in p 220kV, tit din nh nht l 240mm2.
i vi cp in p t 220kV tr ln, dng bin php phn pha thnh 2 n 4 dy nh
hn hn ch vng quang.
Cng phi kim tra mc nhiu thng tin v tuyn ca vng quang.
Tn tht vng quang c tnh theo cng thc sau:
241
d
P=
( f + 25)
( E E 0 ) 2 10 5 (kW/km)
2D

P : Tn tht cng sut ca mt dy dn c chiu di l 1 km (kW)

E : Gi tr hiu dng ca in p n t (kV)
d : ng knh dy dn (cm)
D : Khong cch gia cc dy dn phn pha (cm)
f : Tn s (Hz)
0.2892 p
=
273 + t
: Mt tng i ca khng kh
p : p sut kh quyn (hPa)
t : Nhit khng kh (oC)
2
30 3
0.301
) (kV/cm)
E0 =
(1 +
2
r
E 0 : in p ti hn vng quang (kV/cm)
r : Bn knh ca dy dn (cm)
229

Ph lc 2.3-10: KIM TRA THEO IU KIN NGN MCH

Lc in ng
Thanh dn, dy dn, cch in v kt cu cng phi chu c lc in ng sinh ra
trong trng hp dng ngn mch ln nht.
Lc in ng tc dng ln dy dn mm, cch in, cc u dy v dy treo dy dn
in c tnh theo gi tr trung bnh bnh phng ca cc dng in ngn mch ca 2
pha lin k nhau. i vi cc dy dn trong 1 pha v cc dy treo dy dn mm, th lc
tc dng ca dng in ngn mch trong cc dy dn trong 1 pha c xc nh theo gi
tr hiu dng ca dng in ngn mch 3 pha.
Lc c hc do dng in ngn mch truyn qua thanh dn cng n cch in v
cch in xuyn tng khng c vt qu 60% lc ph hu nh nht ca cch in
nu l cch in n, v khng c qu 100% lc ph hu ca cch in nu l cch
in kp.
Nu dng thanh dn nh hnh gm nhiu thanh dt hoc ch U th ng sut c hc bng
tng ng sut sinh ra do lc tc ng tng h gia cc pha v gia cc phn t ca
mi thanh.
ng sut c hc ln nht ca vt liu ca thanh dn cng khng c vt qu 70% lc
ph hu tc thi.
Lc in t do ngn mch tc ng ln cch in v thanh ci:
Bn tnh mu cng ca thanh ng nhm vi gi thit c lc in t ngn mch c
din t di y:
Hnh 245: Lc in t ngn mch
ca thanh ci ng nhm
(iu kin tnh ton)
- Dng in ngn mch: 20kA
- Khong trng gia cc ct: 1,6m
- Khong trng gia cc im : 4m
- Chiu di mt thanh: 8m

- Cng thc tnh ton lc in t

4m
8m

Thanh ci

d = 1,6m
Vt cch in

Hnh 245: B tr thanh ci

3 2,04 * Is 2 * K
F=
*
2
d *108
Trong
- 3/ 2 : H s khi b tr thanh ci nm ngang
- Is : Dng in ngn mch (A)
- K : H s ko cng (3 n 4)
- d : Khong trng gia hai dy dn (m)

Tnh ton cng theo iu kin trn ch ra nh sau:

- Lc in t ngn mch ca thanh ci F1 =
- Lc in t ngn mch ca cch in

0,866 * 2,04 * 200002 * 4

1,6 * 108

F2 =

17,6kg/m * 8m
3

230

= 17,6kg/m
= 46,9kg

Ph lc 2.3-11: TNH TON LA CHN DY CHNG ST

Dy chng st c chn phi tha mn iu kin n nh nhit khi ngn mch 1 pha.
Dng in ngn mch cho php trong dy chng st c tnh theo cng thc sau:
K *S
I=
t
Trong :
I: Dng in ngn mch cho php (A)
t: Thi gian ngn mch (s)
S: Tit din ca dy chng st (mm2).
K: Hng s ph thuc vo vt liu ca dy chng st:
- i vi dy nhm li thp: k = 93.
- i vi dy thp m km: k = 56.
- i vi dy thp ph nhm: k= 91-117.
Nhng dy trn thng c s dng lm dy chng st kt hp vi cp si quang.
Kh nng n nh nhit ca dy chng st khi ngn mch 1 pha c so snh bng i
lng c trng (kA2s).
V d: dng in ngn mch tnh ton cho php trong dy chng st bng I = 10 kA, thi
gian ngn mch l t = 0,5 s, kh nng chu nhit ca dy chng st s l:
(10kA)2 * 0,5s = 50 kA2s
Trong thc t, c th s dng biu tnh dng in tc thi cho php v so snh n
vi dng in ngn mch IN(1) ca 1 pha ca li in ti v tr kim tra. Tnh n nh nhit
s c bo m khi I IN(1).
Bng 247-1: Dng in tc thi cho php ca dy thp m km (kA)
Thi gian (s)
Tit din (mm2)

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200

1,77
3,54
5,31
7,08
8,85
10,63
12,40
14,17
15,94
17,71
19,48
21,25
23,02
24,79
26,56
28,33
30,10
31,88
33,65
35,42

1,25
2,50
3,76
5,01
6,26
7,51
8,77
10,02
11,27
12,52
13,77
15,03
16,28
17,53
18,78
20,04
21,29
22,54
23,79
25,04

1,02
2,04
3,07
4,09
5,11
6,13
7,16
8,18
9,20
10,22
11,25
12,27
13,29
14,31
15,34
16,36
17,38
18,40
19,43
20,45

0,89
1,77
2,66
3,54
4,43
5,31
6,20
7,08
7,97
8,85
9,74
10,63
11,51
12,40
13,28
14,17
15,05
15,94
16,82
17,71

0,79
1,58
2,38
3,17
3,96
4,75
5,54
6,34
7,13
7,92
8,71
9,50
10,30
11,09
11,88
12,67
13,46
14,26
15,05
15,84

0,72
1,45
2,17
2,89
3,61
4,34
5,06
5,78
6,51
7,23
7,95
8,68
9,40
10,12
10,84
11,57
12,29
13,01
13,74
14,46

0,67
1,34
2,01
2,68
3,35
4,02
4,69
5,35
6,02
6,69
7,36
8,03
8,70
9,37
10,04
10,71
11,38
12,05
12,72
13,39

231

Bng 247-2: Dng in tc thi cho php ca dy nhm li thp v dy thp

ph nhm (kA)
Thi gian (s)
Tit din (mm2)

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

0,7

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200

2,94
5,88
8,82
11,76
14,70
17,65
20,59
23,53
26,47
29,41
32,35
35,29
38,23
41,17
44,11
47,05
50,00
52,94
55,88
58,82

2,08
4,16
6,24
8,32
10,40
12,48
14,56
16,64
18,72
20,80
22,87
24,95
27,03
29,11
31,19
33,27
35,35
37,43
39,51
41,59

1,70
3,40
5,09
6,79
8,49
10,19
11,89
13,58
15,28
16,98
18,68
20,38
22,07
23,77
25,47
27,17
28,86
30,56
32,26
33,96

1,47
2,94
4,41
5,88
7,35
8,82
10,29
11,76
13,23
14,70
16,18
17,65
19,12
20,59
22,06
23,53
25,00
26,47
27,94
29,41

1,32
2,63
3,95
5,26
6,58
7,89
9,21
10,52
11,84
13,15
14,47
15,78
17,10
18,41
19,73
21,04
22,36
23,67
24,99
26,30

1,20
2,40
3,60
4,80
6,00
7,20
8,40
9,60
10,81
12,01
13,21
14,41
15,61
16,81
14,01
19,21
20,41
21,61
22,81
24,01

1,11
2,22
3,33
4,45
5,56
6,67
7,78
8,89
10,00
11,12
12,23
13,34
14,45
15,56
16,67
17,79
18,90
20,01
21,12
22,23

Ph lc 2.3-12: CCH IN TREO

1. S dng cch in
- Cch in tng cng hoc cch in c bit c s dng nhng im r nhnh,
v tr o pha ca DK, cc khong vt ln, cc khong ct trong vng nhim nng;
- Chui cch in , chui cch in no c s dng cho DK in p 110kV tr ln;
- Cch in silicon c s dng cho tt c cc loi DK;
- Cch in loi ng c s dng ti cc im o pha hoc gn cc chng st hoc
dao cch ly ca DK c in p 110kV tr ln;
- DK in p n 35kV s dng chui cch in hoc cch in ng.
- i vi ct c x cch in composit ph hp th khng cn dng vt cch in;
2. S bt cch in treo
a) S bt trong chui cch in ca DK in p n 35kV
S bt ca chui cch in loi ca DK in p n 35kV c chn nh sau (chiu
di ng r in ca mi bt khng c nh hn 250mm).
- n 10kV: 1 bt
- T 15kV n 22kV: 2 bt
- 35kV: 3 bt
S bt ca chui cch in loi no c cng thm 01 bt.
S bt cch in trong mt chui cch in ca DK in p n 35kV c la chn
khng ph thuc vo cao ca DK so vi mc nc bin.
232

b) S bt cch in cho DK in p 15kV c h thng trung tnh ni t trc tip c

chn nh i vi DK in p 10kV c h thng trung tnh cch ly;
c) S bt cch in ca chui cch in ca DK c in p t 110kV n 500kV
cao n 1000m so vi mc nc bin c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
S bt cch in tnh ton c lm trn ln n s nguyn ln hn gn nht.
d U max
n=
D
n : l s bt cch in treo trong mt chui cch in
d : Chiu di ng r la chn (mm/kV):
- 12,7 mm/kV mi trng nhim rt nh
- 16 mm/kV: mi trng nhim nh
- 20 mm/kV: mi trng nhim trung bnh
- 25 mm/kV: mi trng nhim nng
- 31 mm/kV: mi trng nhim rt nng
Umax: in p lm vic ln nht (kV)
D: Chiu di ng r ca mt bt cch in, ly theo c tnh k thut (mm).
Khi tnh ton s bt cch in cho mi chui cch in, nu c chiu di ng r ln
hn 2,3 ln chiu di cu to ca chui cch in theo iu kin in p lm vic bnh
thng, phi kim tra li theo iu kin qu in p thao tc cho trong bng sau hoc
tng s bt s tha mn vi iu kin tnh ton.
Bng 258: Qu in p thao tc ln nht
in p danh nh (kV)
110
220
500

Qu in p thao tc ln nht (kV)

312
620
1175

i vi cch in silicon, tr s chiu di ng r c chn tng ng vi chiu di

ng r ca cch in gm v cch in thy tinh.
3. S bt cch in ca chui cch in no:
a) S bt cch in trong chui cch in no ca DK c in p 110kV v 500kV phi
cng thm mt (01) bt so vi chui cch in .
b) S bt cch in trong chui cch in no v chui cch in ca DK c in p
220kV l nh nhau;
c) Chui cch in lp cao trn 40m, phi lp thm bt cch in cho tng chui
cch in:
- Mt bt cch in khi on vt c lp t thit b chng st;
- Mt bt cch in cho mi on ct 10m tng cao thm k t chiu cao 40m tr ln khi
c dy chng st.
V d: cao lp chui cch in 40m: s bt cch in ca chui X
cao lp chui cch in 50m: s bt cch in ca chui X + 1
cao lp chui cch in 60m: s bt cch in ca chui X + 2
c) DK c in p 110kV i qua khu vc c cao trn 1000m ti 2500m so vi mc
nc bin v DK c in p 220kV, 500kV i qua khu vc c cao trn 1000m ti
2000m so vi mc nc bin, phi tng thm 01 bt trong mt chui cch in.
233

Ph lc 2.3-13: BN C HC CA CCH IN
1. H s an ton c hc ca vt cch in c in p n 1kV
H s an ton c hc ca vt cch in (l t s gia ti trng c hc ph hy vi ti trng
tiu chun ln nht tc ng ln vt cch in) khng c nh hn 2,5.
H s an ton c hc ca chn cch in v mc cch in khng c nh hn 2,0.
2. H s an ton c hc ca vt cch in c in p trn 1kV
H s an ton c hc ca cch in loi ng (l t s gia ti trng ph hy vi ti trng
tiu chun ln nht tc ng ln vt cch in); h s an ton c hc ca cch in loi
treo (l t s gia bn c in vi ti trng tiu chun ln nht tc ng ln vt cch
in) khng c nh hn 2,7 trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng v khng c nh
hn 5,0 nhit trung bnh nm, khng c gi.
H s an ton c hc ca chn cch in khng c nh hn 2,0 trong iu kin lm
vic bnh thng v khng c nh hn 1.3 trong iu kin s c.
H s an ton ca cch in treo ca DK c in p 220kV trong iu kin s c khng
c nh hn 1,8, v h s an ton ca cch in treo ca DK c in p 500kV trong
iu kin s c khng c nh hn 2,0.
3. Nhng yu cu c bit i vi DK qua cng trnh giao thng
Khi DK vt qua ng t loi I, loi II, cc ng t trong khu th, ng st v
ng thy c tu thuyn thng xuyn qua li, th cch in ca ng dy on
giao cho phi l cch in kp.
Ph lc 2.3-14: TNH TON V CT
1. iu kin tnh ton
- p lc gi tc ng ln ct phi c xc nh theo chiu cao tnh t mt t. Phi chia
chiu cao ct thnh tng di khng ln hn 15m, trong mi di p lc gi c ly bng
nhau v tnh vi tr s p lc gi cao trung bnh ca di.
- Phi kim tra ct ca DK theo ch lp t iu kin nhit khng kh 15 oC v
p lc gi q=6,25 daN/m2.
2. Tnh ton ct ca DK c in p trn 1kV
a) Ct no: Ti trng dc theo tuyn ca DK theo phng nm ngang do chnh lch v
lc cng ca dy dn v dy chng st gia hai khong ct v hai pha ca ct.
b) Ct hai mch: Ti trng phi c kim tra iu kin ch mc dy mt mch. Phi
kim tra ti trng theo cc iu kin lp, dng ct cng nh theo iu kin lp t dy
dn v dy chng st.
3. iu kin bnh thng i vi ct ca DK c in p trn 1kV
Ct trong iu kin bnh thng phi c tnh ton theo cc iu kin sau:
- Dy dn hoc dy chng st khng b t, c tnh n p lc gi ln nht (qmax).
- Khi khong ct i biu ca cc ct no nh hn khong ct ti hn, th ct phi c
tnh ton vi iu kin nhit thp nht (Tmin).
- Ct cui (ct hm) phi c tnh ton theo iu kin lc cng ca tt c dy dn v
dy chng st v mt pha, cn pha trm bin p hoc pha lin k vi khong vt
ln coi nh khng mc dy dn hoc dy chng st.
4. iu kin s c i vi ct ca DK c in p trn 1kV
234

a) Ct
Mmen un v mmen xon ln nht trn ct c dy dn c nh bng cch in treo
phi c tnh ton theo cc iu kin s c sau y.
t dy dn v dy chng st
- t mt hoc nhiu dy dn in ca 1 pha (vi bt k s dy trn mt ct l bao nhiu).
Dy chng st khng b t.
- Tt c cc dy dn in khng b t. Mt dy chng st b t.
Phi tnh n ti trng ca cc dy dn v dy chng st khng b t.
Lc cng tiu chun ca DK khng phn pha, mc dy bng kha kiu c nh, khi
t mt dy dn ly bng cc tr s quy c sau:
Bng 258: iu kin s c i vi dy dn n
Ct
Ct cng (ct kim loi ng t do,
ct b tng ct thp c no, ct
cng khc)
Ct b tng ct thp ng t do

Tit din (mm2)

n 185

Lc cng*
0,50 Tmax

T 240 tr ln

0,40 Tmax

n 185
T 240 tr ln

0,30 Tmax
0,25 Tmax

*Ghi ch: Tmax l lc cng ln nht ca mt dy dn trong iu kin s c.

Trong tnh ton ct DK 220kV tr xung, c phn pha khi t dy, lc cng tiu
chun ca dy dn trn kha kiu c nh ca DK c phn pha cng xc nh nh i
vi DK khng phn pha nhng nhn vi s dy trong 1 pha v nhn thm vi h s:
- 0,8 khi 1 pha phn ra 2 dy
- 0,7 khi 1 pha phn ra 3 dy
- 0,6 khi 1 pha phn ra 4 dy
Lc cng tiu chun ca dy chng st ly bng 0,5TLmax. TLmax l lc cng ln nht
ca dy chng st trong ch s c.
i vi ct kiu mm (ct b tng ct thp khng c dy no), cho php xc nh lc
cng tiu chun khi t dy chng st c xt n un ct.
Trong ch s c m cc dy phn pha trong 1 pha trn ct ca DK c in p
500kV b t, th ti trng ca 1 pha ti im mc dy dn khng c nh hn 0,15Tmax
v 18 kN.
b) Ct no v ct cui (ct hm)
Ct no v ct cui trong ch s c phi c tnh ton c xt n m men un cong
ln nht v m men xon ln nht trong cc trng hp sau:
- Tt c cc dy dn ca 1 pha trong mt khong ct mch bt k b t. Cc dy
chng st khng b t.
- Tt c cc dy dn khng b t. Mt dy chng st b t.
c) Ct vt
Lc cng tiu chun trn ct vt trong iu kin s c m cc dy dn khng b t cn
dy chng st b t phi bng tng cc lc cng ln nht ca tng dy chng st.
d) Ct trong khong vt ln
Trong ch s c m dy dn treo trn ct ca DK khong ct vt ln b t,
th lc cng bng tng lc cng ca cc dy dn tnh theo iu kin kh hu quy nh ti
235

Ph lc 2.3-9.
Lc cng dc theo tuyn ca DK c dy dn hoc dy chng st treo trn rng rc
trong ch s c l nh sau:
- 20 kN: mt dy dn trong 1 pha
- 35 kN: hai dy dn trong 1 pha
- 50 kN: ba dy dn trong 1 pha
Ct mt mch phi c tnh trong trng hp s c m cc dy dn ca mt pha
b t. Ct hai mch c tnh vi trng hp s c m cc dy dn ca hai pha b
t cn cc dy chng st khng b t
Lc tiu chun ca dy chng st mc bng kha c nh, khi b t tc ng vo cc
ct vt ly bng lc cng ti a ton phn ca dy chng st, dy dn khng b t
Cc ct no hm mt mch ca khong vt ln trong ch s c phi tnh vi iu
kin t dy ca 1 pha, cn ct no nhiu mch tnh vi t dy dn ca 2 pha, dy
chng st khng b t.
Lc tiu chun ca dy chng st khi b t tc ng vo ct no vt trong ch s c
ly bng lc cng ti a ton phn ca dy chng st, dy dn khng b t.
5. Kim tra theo iu kin lp t
a) Kim tra iu kin lp t ct no DK n 220kV
Mt trong cc khong ct vi s dy dn trn ct bt k ch lp dy dn ca mt mch,
khng mc dy chng st.
Mt trong cc khong ct c mc dy chng st, khng lp dy dn.
Khi kim tra theo iu kin kh hu quy nh ti Ph lc 2.3-9.
Trong iu kin lp t (dng ct, mc dy dn hoc dy chng st v.v.) khi cn thit c th
tng vng chc (tm thi) ca tng b phn ct v t dy no tm.
b) Kim tra iu kin lp t ct no DK 500kV
mt khong ct lp tt c dy dn hoc dy chng st, cn khong ct khc dy
dn hoc dy chng st cha lp.
Lc cng ca dy dn hoc dy chng st lp quy nh tnh bng 2/3 tr s ln nht,
iu kin kh hu ly theo nhit khng kh T = 15oC v p lc gi Q=7daN/m2. Trong
trng hp ct v ton b cc chi tit bt cht xung mng cn phi c bn ng theo
tiu chun khi khng dng dy no tm.
Trong mt khong ct vi s lng dy dn trn ct bt k, cc dy dn ca mt mch
c lp theo th t v theo trnh t bt k, cc dy chng st cha lp.
Trong mt khong ct vi s lng dy chng st trn ct bt k, cc dy chng st c
lp theo th t v trnh t bt k, cc dy chng st cha lp.
Trong iu kin lp t (dng ct, mc dy dn hoc dy chng st v.v.) khi cn thit c
th tng cng vng chc tm thi ca tng b phn ct v t dy no tm.
c) Ti trng b sung khi thi cng xy lp
Khi tnh cc lc tc ng ln cc kt cu, phi tnh trng lng ca cng nhn, dng c
v phng tin s dng lp t vi khi lng thm vo nh sau:
- 250kg : cho ct in 500kV.
- 200kg : trong trng hp s dng s treo cho ct no kha c in p n 220kV.
- 150kg : trong trng hp s dng s treo cho ct c in p n 220kV.
- 100kg : trong trng hp s dng s .

236

Ph lc 2.3-15: SN V BO HIU TRN CT

Sn bo hiu

n bo hiu

Ph lc 2.3-16: TNH TON NHIU VNG QUANG

1. Gi tr cho php ca nhiu vng quang
T s tn hiu / ting n do nhiu vng quang phi ph hp vi cc mc sau.
- Thi tit p hoc c my: 40 dB v cao hn
- Thi tit c ma: 20 dB v cao hn
SN=S-N
SN: T s tn hiu/nhiu (dB)
S: Tr s o ca cng in trng pht ra trong iu thi tit tt (dB)
N: Mc nhiu vng quang c tnh trong Chng (2) (dB)
2. Mc nhiu vng quang
N=Ns+3,5(E-15)+Nd+(Kh+Nx)
N: Mc nhiu vng quang tnh ton (dB)
Ns: Mc nhiu vng quang trn chnh lch in ca b mt dy dn c ng
knh 30 mm. Bnh thng, mc nhiu ny l 43 dB. (dB)
Nd: H s hiu chnh theo ng knh ca dy dn c tnh theo cng thc sau:
2r
Nd= 40 log10
(dB)
3
r: Bn knh ca dy dn (cm)
Kh: suy gim ca nhiu vng quang theo cao ca dy dn c tnh theo
cng thc sau:
Kh= 20 log

10

10 h

(dB)

h: Khong cch thng ng gia dy dn thp nht v im o trn mt t (m)

Nx: suy gim ca nhiu vng quang theo phng vung gc vi DK
x
Nx= 20 log (dB)
10
h
x: Khong cch nm ngang t dy dn n im o
E: chnh lch in ln nht ca b mt dy dn (kV/cm)
chnh lch in ln nht ca b mt ca dy dn n c tnh nh sau:
E=

18CV
r

(kV/cm)

V: in p ca DK (kV)
C: in dung tnh in n t
C=

0. 02413
2h
log 10
r

( F/km)

237

PHN 3: YU CU K THUT I VI TRANG B PHN PHI

V TRM BIN P
3-1 TRANG B PHN PHI IN P N 1KV
Ph lc 3.1-1: H S IU CHNH DNG IN CA CP
Bng 297: H s iu chnh dng in ca cp b tr trong t in
S cp
B tr

Khong cch

T l gim dng in
1

S S

S=d
S=2d
S=3d

1,00

S S S S S
S

S S

S S S

S S

12

S S S

0,85

0,80

0,70

0,70

0,60

0,95

0,95

0,90

0,90

0,90

0,85

0,80

0,80

1,00

1,00

0,95

0,95

0,95

0,90

0,85

0,85

3-2 TRANG B PHN PHI V TRM BIN P TRN 1KV N 500KV

Ph lc 3.2-1: LA CHN MY CT IN
La chn my ct in theo nhng yu cu sau:
1. in p ca li in u ni vo my ct, dng in ti qua my ct.
2. Kh nng ct: Dng in ct tnh ton l dng in ngn mch hiu dng ton phn
(k c thnh phn khng chu k) c xc nh vi thi gian nh tip im my ct,
bng tng thi gian ct ring ca my ct (t khi pht lnh ct n khi nh tip im
dp h quang) cng vi thi gian dp tt h quang.
3. Kh nng ng: i vi my ct ca my bin p cn kim tra trong trng hp ng
khng ng b trong tnh trng i pha.
Ngoi ra cn phi chn theo kh nng ct in p phc hi qu (TRV) sau ngn mch.
Kh nng ct TRV ca my ct phi ln hn tr s TRV tnh ton c th cho tng v tr
my ct trong li in. Cn c bit ch tiu ch ny i vi my ct 500kV v my ct
220kV u ng dy di, my ct u cc v my ct t gn cun khng.

238

Ph lc 3.2-2: LA CHN CU CHY

La chn cu chy in theo nhng yu cu sau:
1. in p ca li in u ni vo cu chy, dng in ca ph ti sau cu chy
chn dy chy.
2. Cu chy phi c chn ph hp khng ct vi dng in xung kch ca my bin
p hoc b t in v dng khi ng ca ng c v c cc c tnh nu trong bng
sau:
Bng 300-1: c tnh ct ca cu chy
Loi cu chy

c tnh qu dng trong iu kin lp li

Cho my bin p Khng ct bi dng 10 ln dng in nh mc trong

khong thi gian 0,1 giy lp li 10 ln
Cho b t

Khng ct bi dng 70 ln dng in nh mc trong

khong thi gian 0,002 giy lp li 100 ln

Cho ng c

Khng ct bi dng 5 ln dng in nh mc trong

khong thi gian 10 giy lp li 10.000 ln

Ph lc 3.2-3: CHIU SNG TBPP V TBA

Trang thit b chiu sng cho vn hnh, gim st v bo dng thit b phi c lp
trong h thng phn phi v trm bin p.
Phi lp n chiu sng s c khi mt ngun cp in AC. n chiu sng s c s
dng ngun in DC ca trm v cng chiu sng phi duy tr c 1 lux trong thi
gian chiu sng 30 pht.
Cng chiu sng trong tng khu vc c quy nh trong bng sau:
Bng 300-2: Cng chiu sng ca v tr lp t
Di chiu sng (Lx)

Ni (p dng)

1500 - 700

Trung tm iu khin

700 - 300

Phng bng in phn phi

300 - 150

Phng r le bo v, phng thit b vin thng

150 - 70

Xng, hnh lang lp rp

70 - 30

Phng my bin p, t in, phng thit b ng ct,

phng c quy, phng my nn kh, phng cp,

30 - 15

ng i, cu thang, nh kho

15 - 7

Thit b chnh ngoi tri

7-3

ng i chnh ngoi tri

3 1,5

Tuyn tun tra ngoi tri

239

Ph lc 3.2-4: KH NNG CHU NHIT CA T BNG IN

T bng phn phi in phi c cc c tnh chu nhit nh sau:
- T bng phn phi t ch c kh nng b chy lan ti nh phng sinh hot, sn
thng st mi, ng i chung, cu thang v ca ra chung phi l loi chu nhit cp
th nht.
- Bng phn phi t ch khng c kh nng b chy lan ti nn c c tnh chu nhit
cp th hai.
Bng 318: c tnh k thut ca bng phn phi c tnh chu nhit
Cp

c tnh k thut v chu nhit

chu nhit
cp th nht

T bng phn phi c kh nng cp in cho thit b

sau khi b qu nng n nhit ln nht l 840oC
trong thi gian 30 pht. Cc thit b bn trong phi
chu c nhit nhit 280oC.

chu nhit
cp th hai

T bng phn phi c kh nng cp in cho thit b

sau khi b qu nng n nhit ln nht l 280oC
trong thi gian 30 pht. Cc thit b bn trong phi
chu c nhit nhit 120oC.

Ph lc 3.2-5: TNH TON LNG THNG GI

Tnh ton lng thng gi yu cu t lng nhit do my bin p hoc thit b to ra
trong phng t my la chn phng thc thng gi ph hp.
- Lu lng thng gi t nhin ln hn tnh ton th chn thng gi t nhin.
- Lu lng thng gi t nhin nh hn tnh ton th chn thng gi cng bc.
- Nhit cho php trong phng (T2) nh hn nhit khng kh t nhin bn ngoi (T1)
th phi lp iu ha khng kh.
Tnh ton lu lng thng gi theo cng thc sau:
H

Lng thng gi (m3/h) =

d * Cp * (T2-T1)

Trong : H: Lng nhit do MBA hoc thit b pht ra [J/h]

d: Trng lng ring ca khng kh [1,2kg/m3]
Cp: Nhit dung ring ca khng kh [1006J/(kg. oC)]
T2: Nhit cho php trong phng [oC]
T1: Nhit ca khng kh lt vo [oC]

240

Ph lc 3.2-6: BO V CHNG ST CHO NHNH R DK 35KV

a) Nhnh r di n 150m

b)Nhnh r di trn 150m n 500m

Hnh 346-1: Nhnh r u ni trc tip vo DK

a)Nhnh r di n 150m

b) Nhnh r di trn 150m n 500m

Hnh 346-2: Nhnh r u ni chuyn tip vo DK

241

PHN 4: H THNG IU KHIN, BO V V O LNG

4.1 H THNG IU KHIN
Ph lc 4.1-1: H THNG IU KHIN TCH HP MY TNH
H thng iu khin bo v tch hp my tnh cho cc TBA 500kV, 220kV, 110kV c
nh ngha l h thng my tnh c cc phn mm iu khin kt ni vi cc thit bo v,
iu khin v o lng ti trm. Cc thit b bo v, iu khin v o lng l cc thit b
in t thng minh (IEDs) cho php lin kt mng v trao i d liu gia cc thit b
ngang hng (peer-to-peer) cng nh vi h thng my tnh theo cc tiu chun Quc t
IEC hin hnh v yu cu k thut chi tit ca cc n v qun l trong h thng in. D
liu vn hnh c thu thp, lu tr v x l bi h thng my tnh s dng cho giao
din ngi my (HMI) trn mn hnh iu khin ti trm v trao i vi cc h thng iu
khin ca cc Trung tm iu cng nh cc h thng khc bn ngoi trm. Xt trn
din rng, cc thit b in t thng minh c th c lp t ti cc nh my in, trong
trm, mt bng ngoi trm, cc ng dy truyn ti, cc l phn phi hoc ti cc giao
din vi khch hng.
H thng tch hp trm bao gm cc phn chnh sau:
1. Cc thit b r le bo v, b x l iu khin mc ngn (BCU), thit b o lng
v cng t o m in nng: y l cc thit b phi s dng k thut s v c gi l
cc thit b in t thng minh (Intelligent Electronic Device-IED). Cc chc nng c th
ca cc thit b ny c th c tch hp ty thuc vo yu cu ca ngi s dng v cu
hnh ch to ca nh sn xut.
2. Cc b my tnh ch x l trung tm ti trm: y l cc my tnh cng nghip ph
hp vi yu cu v mi trng lm vic khc nghit v nhit , in p cao v nhiu in
t trng trong cc trm bin p. Cc my tnh ch c s dng cng cc phn mm
chuyn dng kt ni vi IED, thu thp d liu, cung cp giao din cho ngi vn hnh
(HMI), lu tr d liu vn hnh (HIS) v cung cp cc ng dng cn thit cho ngi s
dng. Ngoi ra cc my tnh ch s phi cung cp giao din kt ni vi cc trung tm iu
cp trn v cc trung tm gim st iu khin xa v trung tm qun l vn hnh ca cc
n v truyn ti/phn phi in.
3. Mng cc b ti trm (LAN): Mng LAN to ra s kt ni truyn d liu gia cc my
tnh ch v cc thit b in t thng minh IEDs cng nh gia cc thit b IEDs.
4. H thng iu khin, bo v v o lng: Cc thit b IEDs c kt ni theo thit k
ph hp vi cc quy nh hin hnh v yu cu k thut ca ngi s dng nhm Mc tiu
thc hin cc chc nng bo v, iu khin v o lng ca trm bin p. H thng ny
phi bo m hot ng vn hnh an ton cho trm bin p ngay c khi cc my tnh ch
b h hng.
242

5. Giao din vi ngi vn hnh (HMI): H thng giao din vi ngi vn hnh cung
cp giao din trc quan ngi vn hnh c th gim st v iu khin ton b thng s
vn hnh ca cc thit b nht th, thit b nh th, cc my tnh ch, mng LAN, h thng
cung cp t dng AC/DC, h thng thng tin lin lc v h thng phng chy, cha chy.
Ngoi ra giao din HMI cn cung cp cho ngi vn hnh kh nng truy cp d liu v ci
t cu hnh n tt c cc phn t ca h thng tch hp cng nh to ra cc bo co
cn thit trong vn hnh.
6. C s d liu qu kh (Historian Information System-HIS): H qun tr c s d
liu qu kh s lu tr ton b thng s vn hnh, trng thi thit b, cc cnh bo (alarm),
thao tc ca ngi vn hnh phc v cng tc iu tra sau s c, cung cp d liu phc
v cng tc lp k hoch t ngn hn n di hn cng nh cc bo co cn thit. C s
d liu phi cung cp cc cng c truy vn d liu theo chun ODBC vi phn gii n
giy (1 sencond).

4.3. H THNG BO V IN P TRN 1KV

Ph lc 4.3-1: K HIU CC CHC NNG BO V V T NG
Theo tiu chun quc t hin hnh, cc chc nng bo v v t ng c k hiu bng
cc m s v ch theo danh Chng di y:
1: Phn t ch huy khi ng
2: R le trung gian (ch huy ng hoc khi ng) c tr thi gian
3: R le lin ng hoc kim tra
4: Cngtct chnh
5: Thit b lm ngng hot ng
6: My ct khi ng
7: R le tng t l
8: Thit b cch ly ngun iu khin
9: Thit b phc hi
10: ng ct phi hp thit b
11: Thit b a chc nng
12: Thit b chng vt tc
13: Thit b tc ng theo tc ng b
14: Chc nng gim tc
15: Thit b bm tc hoc tn s ph hp vi thit b song hnh
16: D phng cho tng lai hin cha s dng
17: Kha ng ct mch shunt hoc phng in
18: Thit b gia tc hoc gim tc ng
19: Cngtct khi ng thit b c qu (thit b khi ng qua nhiu mc tng dn)
20: Van vn hnh bng in
21. R le khong cch
22: My ct tc ng iu khin cn bng
23: Thit b iu khin nhit
243

24: R le t s V/Hz (in p/tn s), chc nng qu kch thch

25: Chc nng kim tra ng b
26: Chc nng iu chnh nhit
27: Chc nng bo v km p
28: B gim st ngn la (vi tuabin kh hoc ni hi)
29: Cng tc t to cch ly
30: R le tn hiu (khng t gii tr c)
31: B kch m cch ly (kch m thyristor)
32: Chc nng nh hng cng sut
33: Kho v tr
34: Thit b t lch trnh lm vic
35: C gp chi than hoc vnh xuyn trt c chi than
36: R le phn cc
37: Chc nng bo v km p hoc km cng sut
38: Chc nng o nhit vng bi hoc gi trc
39: Chc nng o rung
40: Chc nng bo v chng mt kch t
41: My ct dp t
42: My ct khi ng my hoc thit b
43: Thit b chuyn i hoc chn mch iu khin bng tay
44: R le khi ng khi chc nng k tip vo thay th
45: R le gim st tnh trng khng kh (khi, la, cht n v.v.)
46: R le dng in th t nghch hoc b lc dng in th t thun
47: R le in p th t nghch hoc b lc in p th t thun
48: R le bo v duy tr trnh t
49: R le nhit (bo v qu nhit)
50: Bo v qu dng ct nhanh
50N: Bo v qu dng chm t ct nhanh
51: Bo v qu dng (xoay chiu) c thi gian
51N: Bo v qu dng chm t c thi gian duy tr
52: My ct dng in xoay chiu
53: R le cng bc kch thch in trng cho my in mt chiu
54: Thit b chuyn s c kh c iu khin bng in
55: R le h s cng sut
56: R le iu khin p dng in trng kch thch cho ng c xoay chiu
57: Thit b ni t hoc lm ngn mch
58: R le ngn chn h hng chnh lu
59: R le qu in p
60: R le cn bng in p hoc dng in
61: Cm bin hoc kha ng ct theo mt kh
62: R le duy tr thi gian ng hoc m tip im
63: R le p lc (Buchholz)
64: R le pht hin chm t
64R: Bo v chng chm t cho cun rto
64G: Bo v chng chm t cho cun stato
244

65: B iu tc
66: Chc nng m s ln khi ng trong mt gi
67: R le bo v qu dng c hng
67N: R le bo v qu dng chm t c hng
68: R le kho
69: Thit b cho php iu khin
70: Bin tr
71: R le mc du
72: My ct in mt chiu
73: Tip im c tr chu dng ti
74: R le cnh bo (r le tn hiu)
75: C cu thay i v tr
76: R le bo v qu dng mt chiu
77: Thit b o xa
78: R le bo v gc lch pha
79: R le t ng li (in xoay chiu)
80: Thit b chuyn i theo tro lu chy qua
81: R le tn s
82: R le ng lp li theo mc mang ti mch in mt chiu
83: R le chuyn i hoc chn iu khin t ng
84: B iu p my bin p (OLTC)
85: R le nhn thng tin phi hp tc ng t bo v u i din
86: R le kho u ra
87: Bo v so lch
87B: R le bo v so lch thanh ci
87G: R le bo v so lch my pht
87L: R le bo v so lch ng dy
87M: R le bo v so lch ng c
87T: R le bo v so lch my bin p
87TG: R le bo v so lch hn ch my bin p chm t (ch gii hn cho cun dy u
sao c ni t)
88: ng c ph hoc my pht ng c
89: Kha ng ct mch
90: R le iu chnh (in p, dng in, cng sut, tc , tn s, nhit )
91: R le in p c hng
92: R le in p v cng sut c hng
93: Cc chc nng tip im thay i kch thch
94: R le ct u ra
95: Chc nng ng b (cho ng c ng b c ti nh v qun tnh nh) bng hiu ng
mmen t tr
96: Chc nng t ng i ti c hc
V d: F21

Bo v khong cch
Chc nng (Function)

245

Ph lc 4.3-2: THIT LP NHY

1. Khi nh gi nhy ca cc r le bo v chnh cn phi cn c vo vic bo m
nhng h s nhy sau y:
a) Bo v qu dng c hoc khng c khi ng km p c hng hoc khng c hng,
cng nh bo v mt cp c hng hoc khng c hng c b lc th t nghch hoc
th t khng (pha) c nhy nh sau:
- i vi mch dng in v in p: khong 1,5
- i vi mch c hng th t nghch (pha) v th t khng (pha): khong 2 theo cng
sut v 1,5 theo dng in v in p.
- i vi mch c hng u vo mch dng in ton phn v in p ton phn th
khng gii hn i vi cng sut, nhng h s nhy i vi dng l 1,5.
i vi bo v qu dng ca MBA c in p pha h p 0,23 0,4kV h s nhy nh
nht c th bng 1,5.
b) Bo v dng in cho tng cp hoc bo v c hng v khng c hng khi mch
dng in v mch in p c u ton phn hoc u vo cc thnh phn th t
khng (pha): i vi mch dng in v mch in p ca cp bo v c dng tc
ng khi ngn mch cui on c bo v, h s nhy khng k tc ng d
phng bng khong 1,5; cn khi c cp d phng bo m tc ng c chn lc cho
php gim h s nhy ca cp d phng xung bng khong 1,3; nu r le bo v
thanh ci ring u ng dy, th nhy tng ng khong 1,5 v 1,3. i vi bo
v th t khng (pha) cho php tc ng theo ch bc thang ct theo tng cp.
- i vi cc phn t c hng cng sut th t khng v th t nghch, nhy khong
2 theo cng sut v khong 1,5 theo dng in v in p.
- i vi cc phn t c hng cng sut u vo cc mch dng in v in p ton
phn th khng gii hn theo cng sut v h s bng khong 1,5 theo dng in.
c) Bo v khong cch chng ngn mch nhiu pha:
- i vi mch khi ng ca bt k loi bo v no, v i vi bo v khong cch cp
ba, h s khong 1,5.
- i vi mch bo v khong cch cp hai dng tc ng khi c ngn mch cui
ng dy c bo v khng k n tc ng d phng, h s khong 1,5. i vi bo
v khong cch cp ba, h s nhy l khong 1,25. i vi cc mch nu trn, h s
nhy theo dng in l khong 1,3 (theo t s ca cc dng in lm vic) khi c s
c ti im ny.
d) Bo v so lch dc my pht in, MBA, ng dy v cc phn t khc cng nh
bo v so lch ton phn ca thanh ci, khong 2,0; i vi mch khi ng theo dng
in ca bo v so lch khng ton phn, bo v khong cch ca thanh ci in p my
pht in th h s nhy phi bng khong 2,0, cn i vi cp mt ca bo v so lch
khng ton phn ca thanh ci in p my pht in c thc hin theo dng ct
nhanh, khong 1,5 (khi ngn mch ti thanh ci).
i vi bo v so lch my pht in v MBA, h s nhy phi c kim tra khi c
ngn mch ngay u ra ca chng. Tuy nhin, i vi my pht in tuabin nc hoc
my pht in tuabin hi c lm mt trc tip dy dn ca cun dy stato th khng ph
thuc vo h s nhy, dng in tc ng phi ly nh hn dng in danh nh ca
my pht in. i vi MBA t ngu v MBA tng p c cng sut t 63MVA tr ln,
dng in tc ng khng tnh n ch hm nn ly nh hn dng in danh nh (i
246

vi MBA t ngu - nh hn dng in tng ng vi cng sut chun). i vi cc MBA

c cng sut t 25MVA tr ln v dng in tc ng khng tnh n ch hm nn ly
h s khng ln hn 1,5 dng in danh nh ca MBA.
Cho php gim h s nhy i vi bo v so lch MBA hoc khi my pht in - MBA
n tr s 1,5 trong nhng trng hp sau (v bo m h s nhy bng khong
2,0, bo v s rt phc tp hoc khng thc hin c v mt k thut):
- Khi ngn mch u ra pha h p ca MBA tng p cng sut nh hn 80MVA (c tnh
n iu chnh in p).
- Trong ch ng in MBA di in p, cng nh ch lm vic ngn hn ca
MBA (v d khi ct mt trong cc ngun cung cp ca MBA 3 cun dy).
Trong trng hp ng in t mt trong cc ngun cung cp vo thanh ci b s c cho
php gim h s nhy i vi bo v so lch thanh ci n 1,5.
i vi bo v so lch MBA khi ngn mch ng sau cun khng t pha h p ca
MBA v nm trong vng bo v so lch th h s nhy cng bng 1,5. Nu c cc bo
v khc bao trm c cun khng v tho mn yu cu v nhy ca bo v so lch
MBA khi ngn mch cng im trn th khng quy nh nhy.
) Bo v so lch ngang c hng cho cc ng dy lm vic song song:
- i vi r le dng in v r le in p ca b phn khi ng thuc h thng bo v
chng ngn mch gia cc pha v ngn mch chm t, h s nhy l khong 2,0,
khi cc my ct hai u ng dy c s c u ng (ngn mch im c cng h
s nhy) v bng khong 1,5 khi my ct pha u i din ca ng dy b s c
m.
- i vi mch c hng cng sut th t khng (pha), h s nhy khong 4,0 theo
cng sut v bng khong 2,0 theo dng in v in p khi my ct u kia ca
ng dy b s c m.
- i vi mch c hng cng sut u vo mch dng in v in p ton phn th h
s nhy theo cng sut khng quy nh cn h s nhy theo dng in bng 2,0
nu my ct u kia ca ng dy b s c m.
e) Bo v c hng vi kho lin ng tn s cao:
- i vi mch c hng cng sut th t nghch (pha) hoc th t khng (pha) kim
sot mch ct, h s nhy bng khong 3,0 theo cng sut, khong 2,0 theo dng
in v in p.
- i vi mch khi ng kim sot mch ct h s nhy bng khong 2,0 theo dng
in v in p, khong 1,5 theo in tr.
f) Bo v so lch pha tn s cao:
- i vi mch khi ng kim sot mch ct, h s khong 2,0 theo dng in v in
p, khong 1,5 theo in tr (khong cch).
g) Bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian t my pht in c cng sut n
1MW v t MBA, trong trng hp xy ra ngn mch ti im t r le bo v th h
s nhy bng khong 2,0.
h) Bo v chm t trn cc ng cp ngm trong li in c trung tnh cch ly (tc
ng gi bo hiu hoc ct): i vi bo v phn ng theo dng in tn s c bn, h
s nhy khong 1,25; i vi bo v tc ng theo dng in tn s tng cao, h s
nhy bng khong 1,5.

247

i) i vi bo v chng chm t trn DK trong li in c trung tnh cch ly c tc

ng gi bo hiu hoc ct, h s nhy khong 1,5.
2. Khi xc nh h s nhy nu trong Chng 1, im a, b, v f, cn tnh n nhng
im sau y:
a) H s nhy theo cng sut ca r le cm ng nh hng cng sut ch c kim
tra khi n u vo dng in v in p thnh phn th t nghch (pha) v th t khng
(pha).
b) H s nhy ca r le nh hng cng sut u theo s so snh (tr s tuyt i
hoc pha) phi c kim tra theo dng in khi n u vo dng in v in p ton
phn; kim tra theo dng in v in p khi n u vo dng in v in p thnh phn
th t nghch (pha) v th t khng (pha).
3. i vi cc my pht in ni trc tip vo thanh ci, h s nhy ca bo v dng
in chng ngn mch chm t trong cun dy stato tc ng i ct c xc nh bng
dng in khi ng khng ln hn 5A, ngoi l cho php tng dng in khi ng tng
n 5,5A.
i vi cc my pht in lm vic theo khi vi MBA, h s nhy ca bo v chng
ngn mch 1 pha chm t bao trm ton b cun dy stato phi khng nh hn 2,0; i
vi bo v in p th t khng (pha) khng bao trm ht cun dy stato, in p khi
ng khng c ln hn 15V.
4. nhy ca bo v dng ngun in thao tc xoay chiu c thc hin bng s
kh mch sun ca cun ct in t, phi c kim tra sai s thc t ca my bin dng
sau khi kh mch sun. Khi h s nhy nh nht ca cun ct in t chng tc
ng tin cy phi ln hn khong 20% so vi h s nhy ca cc r le bo v tng
ng (xem Khon 1).
5. H s nhy nh nht i vi cc bo v d phng khi ngn mch cui phn t ln
cn hoc cui ca phn t xa nht trong cc phn t ni tip nm trong vng bo v d
phng xa phi bng:
- 1,2 i vi cc phn ca dng in, in p v in tr;
- 1,4 theo cng sut v 1,2 theo dng in v in p i vi mch c hng cng sut
th t nghch (pha) v th t khng (pha)
- 1,2 theo dng in v khng duy nh theo cng sut i vi mch c hng cng sut
u vo dng in v in p ton phn.
Khi nh gi nhy ca cc cp bo v d phng gn phi cn c vo cc h s
nhy nu trong Khon 1 i vi cc bo v tng ng.
6. i vi bo v dng in ct nhanh khng thi gian t trn cc ng dy lm nhim
v bo v ph, h s nhy phi bng khong 1,2 khi ngn mch ni t bo v trong
iu kin c li nht v nhy.
7. Nu bo v ca phn t pha sau tc ng m bo v ca phn t pha trc
khng tc ng (c th do khng h s nhy) th h s nhy ca cc bo v ny
phi c phi hp vi nhau.
Cho php khng phi phi hp h s nhy vi nhau i vi cc bo v d phng xa,
nu nh vic khng ct c ngn mch do khng h s nhy ca bo v ca
phn t pha sau (v d bo v th t nghch (pha) ca my pht in in, MBA t ngu)
c th dn n h hng nghim trng.

248

Ph lc 4.3-3: CU HNH H THNG R LE BO V CHO MBA

1. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho MBA 500/220kV
- Bo v chnh 1: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87T, 49, 64, 50/51, 50/51N, tn hiu
dng in cc pha c ly t my bin dng chn s MBA;
- Bo v chnh 2: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87T, 49, 50/51, 50/51N, tn hiu
dng in c ly t my bin dng ngn my ct u vo cc pha MBA;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy 500kV: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N,
50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng ngn my
ct u vo pha 500kV ca MBA, tn hiu in p c ly t my bin in p thanh ci
500kV;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy 220kV: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N,
50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng ngn my
ct u vo pha 220kV ca MBA, tn hiu in p c ly t my bin in p thanh ci
220kV;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 50/51,
50/51N, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng chn s cun dy trung
p ca MBA;
- Chc nng r le bo v nhit du /cun dy MBA (26), r le p lc MBA (63), r le ga
cho bnh du chnh v ngn iu p di ti (96), r le bo mc du tng cao (71) c
trang b ng b vi MBA, c gi i ct trc tip my ct hai pha thng qua r le ch
huy ct hoc c gi i ct ng thi thng qua hai b bo v chnh v d phng ca
MBA (87T1, 87T2).
2. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho MBA 220/110kV
- Bo v chnh 1: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87T, 49, 64, 50/51, 50/51N tn hiu
dng in cc pha c ly t my bin dng chn s MBA;
- Bo v chnh 2: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87T, 49, 50/51, 50/51N, tn hiu
dng in c ly t my bin dng ngn my ct u vo cc pha MBA;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy 220kV: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N,
50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng ngn my
ct u vo pha 220kV ca MBA, tn hiu in p c ly t my bin in p thanh ci
220kV;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy 110kV: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N,
50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng ngn my
ct u vo pha 110kV ca MBA, tn hiu in p c ly t my bin in p thanh ci
110kV;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 50/51,
50/51N, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng chn s cun trung p
ca MBA;
- Chc nng r le bo v nhit du /cun dy MBA (26), r le p lc MBA (63), r le ga
cho bnh du chnh v ngn iu p di ti (96), r le bo mc du tng cao (71) c
249

trang b ng b vi MBA, c gi i ct trc tip my ct ba pha thng qua r le ch huy

ct hoc c gi i ct ng thi thng qua hai b bo v chnh v d phng ca MBA
(87T1, 87T2).
3. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho MBA 110kV
- Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87T, 49, 64 (theo nguyn l tng tr
thp), 50/51, 50/51N, tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng ngn my ct u vo
cc pha MBA;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy 110kV: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N,
50/51, 50/51N, 27/59, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng chn s
110kV ca MBA, tn hiu in p c ly t my bin in p thanh ci 110kV;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p 1: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 50/51,
50/51N, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng chn s cun trung p 1
ca MBA;
- Bo v d phng cho cun dy trung p 2: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 50/51,
50/51N, 50BF, 74 tn hiu dng in c ly t my bin dng chn s cun trung p 2
ca MBA;
- Chc nng r le bo v nhit du /cun dy MBA (26), r le p lc MBA (63), r le
gaz cho bnh du chnh v ngn iu p di ti (96), r le bo mc du tng cao (71)
c trang b ng b vi MBA, c gi i ct trc tip my ct ba pha thng qua r le
ch huy ct hoc c gi i ct ng thi thng qua bo v chnh v d phng pha
110kV ca MBA (87T, 67/67N).
4. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho ngn my ct phn on 500kV
- Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
27/59, 50BF, 74;
- Bo v d phng: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 27/59,
50BF, 74;
Chc nng 50BF, 27/59 khng cn phi d phng, c th c tch hp mt trong hai
b bo v nu trn.
5. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho ngn my ct phn on 220kV, 110kV
- Hp b bo v c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
27/59, 50BF, 74;
6. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho ngn my ct trung p li trung tnh ni t
trc tip
- Hp b bo v c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 50BF, 81,
79, 50BF, 74, 27/59
Nu khng c ngun cp ngc th khng cn phn t qu dng c hng, ch cn cc
chc nng 50/51, 50/51N, 50BF, 81, 79, 50BF, 74 l p ng yu cu.
7. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho ngn my ct trung p li trung tnh cch ly
hoc qua tng tr
Hp b bo v c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N, 67Ns (bo v chm t c
hng nhy cao), 50/51, 50/51N, 50BF, 81, 79, 50BF, 74, 27/59
250

Ph lc 4.3-4: CU HNH H THNG R LE BO V CHO DK V CP

1. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho DK 500kV
a) Bo v cho ng dy 500kV c hai si cp quang c lp lin kt hai trm 500kV hai
u ng dy, bao gm ba b bo v:
- Bo v chnh 1: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87L, 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51,
50/51N, 85, 74;
- Bo v chnh 2: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87L, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 79/25,
27/59, 50BF, 85;
- Bo v d phng: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
79/25, 27/59, 50BF, 85, 74;
Chc nng 50BF, 79/25, 27/59 c d phng kp, c tch hp trong bo v d phng
v trong mt trong hai b bo v chnh.
Hai b bo v so lch truyn tn hiu trn hai si cp quang c lp.
Bo v khong cch c phi hp hai u vi nhau thng qua mt trong hai si cp
quang nu trn hoc PLC.
b) Bo v cho ng dy 500kV ch c mt si cp quang lin kt hai trm 500kV hai u
ng dy, bao gm hai b bo v:
- Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87L, 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
79/25, 27/59, 50BF, 85, 74;
- Bo v d phng: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
79/25, 27/59, 50BF, 85, 74;
Chc nng 50BF, 79/25, 27/59 c d phng kp, c tch hp trong bo v d phng
v trong bo v chnh.
Bo v so lch truyn tn hiu trn ng cp quang.
Chc nng bo v khong cch trong bo v chnh c phi hp hai u vi nhau thng
qua si cp quang nu trn.
Bo v khong cch d phng c phi hp hai u vi nhau thng qua knh ti ba.
Chc nng xc nh im s c theo nguyn tc truyn sng (traveling way) vi chnh
xc n 1km.
Chc nng ng b thi gian c chnh xc n 1ms.
Chc nng ghi s c.
2. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho DK hoc cp ngm 220kV c truyn tin bng
cp quang
Bo v cho ng dy 220kV bao gm hai b bo v:
- Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87L, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 50BF,
85, 74;
- Bo v d phng: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
79/25, 27/59, 85, 74;
Chc nng 50BF, 79/25, 27/59 khng cn phi d phng, c th c tch hp mt
trong hai b bo v nu trn.
Bo v so lch v khong cch c phi hp vi u i din thng qua knh truyn
bng cp quang.
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3. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho DK 220kV khng c truyn tin bng cp

quang
Bo v cho ng dy 220kV bao gm hai b bo v:
- Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
50BF, 85, 74;
- Bo v d phng: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
79/25, 27/59, 85, 74;
Chc nng 50BF, 79/25, 27/59 khng cn phi d phng, c th c tch hp mt
trong hai b bo v nu trn.
Bo v khong cch hai u ng dy c phi hp vi nhau thng qua knh truyn ti
ba.
Chc nng xc nh im s c theo nguyn tc truyn sng (traveling way) vi chnh
xc n 1km.
Chc nng ng b thi gian c chnh xc n 1ms.
Chc nng ghi s c.
4. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho DK hoc cp ngm 110kV c truyn tin bng
cp quang
- Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 87L, 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
50BF, 85, 74;
- Bo v d phng: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 79/25,
27/59, 85, 74;
Chc nng 50BF, 79/25, 27/59 khng cn phi d phng, c th c tch hp mt
trong hai b bo v nu trn.
Bo v so lch truyn tn hiu phi hp vi u i din thng qua knh truyn bng cp
quang.
5. Cu hnh h thng r le bo v cho DK 110kV khng c truyn tin bng cp
quang
- Bo v chnh: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 21/21N, 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N,
50BF, 85, 74;
- Bo v d phng: c tch hp cc chc nng bo v 67/67N, 50/51, 50/51N, 79/25,
27/59, 85, 74;
Chc nng 50BF, 79/25, 27/59 khng cn phi d phng, c th c tch hp mt
trong hai b bo v nu trn.
Bo v khong cch hai u ng dy c phi hp vi nhau thng qua knh truyn ti
ba.
Chc nng xc nh im s c theo nguyn tc truyn sng (traveling way) vi chnh
xc n 1km.
Chc nng ng b thi gian c chnh xc n 1ms.
Chc nng ghi s c.

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4.5 H THNG O LNG IN

Ph lc 4.5-1: YU CU I VI THIT B CA H THNG O M IN NNG
I. Cc yu cu i vi thit b ca h thng o m in nng in p 110kV tr ln
1. Yu cu i vi cng t o m in nng:
a) L loi 3 pha 4 dy;
b) Kiu in t tch hp chc nng v c th lp trnh c;
c) C nhiu biu gi;
d) o m in nng tc dng v phn khng theo hai chiu nhn v pht ring bit theo
4 gc phn t;
) C chc nng o cng sut cc i, ghi biu ph ti tng;
e) C giao thc thch hp thu thp, c s liu ti ch v t xa;
f) c cp ngun t h thng in p th cp o lng v phi bo m duy tr hot
ng khi mt in p 1 hoc 2 pha bt k;
g) C nhiu mc mt khu;
h) C cc v tr nim phong, kp ch bo m khng th tip cn vi cc u cc u dy
v thay i cc thng s ci t trong cng t nu khng ph b ch nim phong;
i) C chc nng lu tr thng tin o m, biu ph ti t nht 60 ngy vi chu k ghi
gi tr o m khng qu 30 pht;
k) i vi h thng o m ti v tr o m chnh, cng t o in nng tc dng phi t
cp chnh xc 0,2 theo tiu chun IEC 62053-22 v cp chnh xc 2,0 theo tiu chun
IEC 62053-23 nu o m in nng phn khng hoc cc tiu chun khc tng
ng;
l) i vi h thng o m d phng, cng t o in nng tc dng phi t cp chnh
xc 0,5 theo tiu chun IEC 62053-22 v cp chnh xc 2,0 theo tiu chun IEC 62053-23
nu o m in nng phn khng hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng.
2. Yu cu i vi bin dng in dng cho o m in nng:
a) C cc cun dy th cp o lng dng ring cho cng t o m in nng;
b) Gi tr dng in th cp danh nh l 1A hoc 5A;
c) C v tr nim phong kp ch ti np hp u dy cun th cp o lng cp cho cng
t o m in nng bo m khng th tc ng vo mch in u ni nu khng ph
b nim phong;
d) Bin dng in phc v o m chnh phi t cp chnh xc 0,2 theo tiu chun IEC
60044-1 hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng;
) Bin dng in phc v o m d phng phi t cp chnh xc 0,5 theo tiu chun
IEC 60044-1 hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng.
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3. Yu cu i vi bin in p dng cho o m in nng:

a) C cun dy th cp o lng dng ring cho cng t o m in nng;
b) Gi tr in p h thng th cp danh nh l 100V hoc 110V;
c) C v tr nim phong ti np hp u dy cun th cp o lng cp cho cng t o
m in nng bo m khng th tc ng vo mch in u ni;
d) Bin in p phc v o m chnh phi t cp chnh xc 0,2 theo tiu chun IEC
60044-2 i vi bin in p kiu cm ng, tiu chun IEC 60044-5 i vi bin in p
kiu t hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng;
e) Bin in p phc v o m d phng phi t cp chnh xc 0,5 theo tiu chun IEC
60044-2 i vi bin in p kiu cm ng, tiu chun IEC 60044-5 i vi bin in p
kiu t hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng.
II. Cc yu cu i vi thit b ca h thng o m in in p trn 1kV n 35kV
1. Yu cu i vi cng t o m in nng:
a) p ng cc yu cu quy nh ti cc im a, b, c, d, , e, f, g, h, i ca Khon 1 Phn I;
b) i vi h thng o m chnh, cng t o in nng tc dng phi t cp chnh xc
0,5 theo tiu chun IEC 62053-22 v cp chnh xc 2.0 theo tiu chun IEC 62053-23
nu o m in nng phn khng hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng;
c) Cp chnh xc ca h thng o m d phng (nu c) c xc nh theo tha thun
gia cc bn mua bn in.
2. Yu cu i vi bin dng in dng cho o m in nng:
a) p ng cc yu cu quy nh ti cc im a, b, c ca Khon 2 Phn I;
b) Bin dng in phc v o m chnh phi t cp chnh xc 0,5 theo tiu chun IEC
60044-1 hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng;
c) Cp chnh xc ca bin dng in phc v o m d phng (nu c) c xc nh
theo tha thun gia cc bn mua bn in.
3. Yu cu i vi bin in p dng cho o m in nng
a) p ng cc yu cu quy nh ti cc im a, b, c ca Khon 3 Phn I;
b) Bin in p phc v o m chnh phi t cp chnh xc 0,5 theo tiu chun IEC
60044-2 i vi bin in p kiu cm ng, tiu chun IEC 60044-5 i vi bin in p
kiu t hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng;
c) Cp chnh xc ca bin in p phc v o m d phng (nu c) c xc nh theo
tha thun gia cc bn mua bn in.
II. Cc yu cu i vi thit b ca h thng o m in nng in p n 1kV
1. Yu cu i vi cng t o m in nng:
a) L loi 3 pha 4 dy hoc 3 pha 3 dy i vi cng t 3 pha v loi 1 pha 2 dy i vi
cng t 1 pha; o trc tip hoc qua my bin dng in, my bin in p;
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b) C cc v tr nim phong, kp ch bo m khng th tip cn vi cc u cc u dy

v thay i cc thng s ci t trong cng t nu khng ph b nim phong;
c) i vi cng t 3 pha, cng t o in nng tc dng phi t cp chnh xc 1,0 theo
tiu chun IEC 62053-21 i vi cng t kiu in t, tiu chun IEC 62053-11 i vi
cng t kiu cm ng hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng. i vi cng t 1 pha,
cng t o m in nng tc dng phi t cp chnh xc 2,0 theo tiu chun IEC
62053-21 i vi cng t kiu in t, tiu chun IEC 62053-11 i vi cng t kiu cm
ng hoc cc tiu chun khc tng ng.
Cng t o m in nng phn khng c lp t nu thy cn thit theo tha thun
gia cc bn mua bn in.
2. Yu cu i vi bin dng in dng cho o m in nng h p:
a) C cun dy th cp o lng dng ring cho cc thit b o lng v cng t o m
in nng;
b) Gi tr dng in th cp danh nh l 1A hoc 5A;
c) C v tr nim phong kp ch ti np hp u dy cun th cp o lng cp cho cc
thit b o lng v cng t o m in nng bo m khng th tc ng vo mch
in u ni nu khng ph b nim phong;
d) t cp chnh xc 0,5 theo tiu chun IEC 60044-1 hoc cc tiu chun khc tng
ng.
Nhng yu cu k thut v chnh xc ca cng t:
Cng t ca tng h thng o phi bo m chnh xc theo quy nh v phi c chng
nhn ca C quan kim nh cng t c B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng nhn v ph
duyt xc nh cng t p ng nhng quy nh hin hnh v gii hn chnh xc; cp
chng nhn t tiu chun lin quan i vi cp chnh xc v model c th ca cng t
c s dng trong h thng o m .
Ph lc 4.5-2: YU CU U NI CA H THNG O M IN NNG
1. Cp nh th ca mch o m phi c i theo ng ngn nht, s lng im ni
qua hng kp l t nht v phi c iu kin thc hin bin php nim phong, kp ch
mch o m ti cc im u ni.
2. i vi h thng o m 110 kV tr ln, cun th cp ca CT, VT v cp nh th ni vi
cng t o m in nng ca h thng o m chnh khng c s dng cho bt k
mc ch no khc v phi hon ton c lp vi h thng o m d phng. Cp nh th
ca h thng o m chnh phi i ring v ni trc tip t hp u dy ca CT, VT n
t cng t m khng qua hng kp ti t trung gian.
3. Trng hp cng t c cp in p t mt trong nhng VT thanh ci thng qua b
chuyn mch in p, cc u u dy b chuyn mch in p phi bo m iu kin
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nim phong kp ch v cng t o m in nng phi c lp trnh ghi li thi im

v khong thi gian chuyn mch in p.
4. Ph ti mch th cp CT, VT bao gm c cng t o m in nng khng c vt
qu ph ti nh mc ca CT, VT.
5. Trng hp mch dng in ca h thng o m d phng s dng chung vi cc
thit b o lng khc, phi bo m khng lm nh hng ti chnh xc ca h thng
o m v iu kin thc hin nim phong kp ch ton b mch dng in, thit b o
lng, cng t o m in nng.
6. Cc hp ni th nghim phi c lp t phc v cho vic kim nh thit b o
m v iu kin nim phong, kp ch.
Ph lc 4.5-3: YU CU K THUT I VI NIM PHONG, CP CH V
BO MT
1. Ton b h thng o m in nng bao gm hp u dy CT, VT, cng t o m
in nng, hng kp, con ni, mch dng in, mch in p, thit b ph tr, mch logic
chuyn i, t cng t, mng thng tin phi c nim phong kp ch chng can thip
tri php.
2. i vi cng t o m in nng in t, phn mm ca cng t phi c mt khu
bo v vi nhiu mc phn quyn truy nhp khc nhau.
3. Khi khai thc h thng thu thp s liu o m t ng phi bo m cc yu cu sau:
a) S liu o m in nng sau khi c c v truyn v my ch t ti v tr o m
phi c m ha trnh s thay i tri php;
b) Phn mm qun l h thng c, truyn v tng hp s liu o m in nng phi
c bo mt bng nhiu cp mt khu bo m tnh bo mt, chnh xc v tin cy
ca s liu o m.

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