673-07 AL Maha Sofitel Hotel

SMOKE EVACUATION SYSTEM CALCULATION

Project : Al Maha Sofitel Hotel
JOB no. : 673-07
The hotel building is housed to 24 floors and Basement parking area (1B+G+24F),
ground, 1st, 2nd and 3rd floor housing lounges, restaurant, ballroom, conference,
multipurpose room, administration and relaxation area. 5 th to 24th floor are for
guestrooms.
Part of building provided with smoke evacuation system:
1st Basement Parking

: 7,950m2

Main Lift Lobby Void (1st to 23rd floor)

: 150m2

24th Floor

: 160m2

The building completely protected by automatic sprinkler system rated at 68C. By

Referring to BS:7346 - Part 4:2003.
The following evacuation systems are use for removing the smoke from the building:

A-

Basement Parking
Two speed axial exhaust fans are proposed to evacuate the smoke at the basement
parking area. In a fire situation, the exhaust fans provides not less than 10 air change
per hour and the axial fans operate on their high speed. The system is also use for
normal ventilation and control the level of carbon monoxide in the car park. The fans
are rated to run at 300C for two hours. The fans shall have standby emergency
power source and interface in the fire alarm control panel complete with 2 hours fire
resistance cable. Carbon monoxide (CO) detection system are provided to monitor
the level of CO in the car park. CO detector to be provided 200m per detector. If the
CO level increases, the exhaust fans will operate at high speed to provide a total of 6
air change.

SMOKE FLOW RATE CALCULATIONS

1- Basement Details
1st Basement Parking
Floor Area
= 7,950m
Floor Height = 5.0m
Floor Volume = 39,750m
Smoke Flow Rate = 39,750m x 6 air change = 238,500m/hr 66,200 li/s
(Use 33,200 m/s, 375 Pa Static Press. Axial Exhaust Fans, Qty: 4 sets)
and Axial Supply Fans, Qty: 4 sets, with Two Speed Motors)

Arab Engineering Bureau

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673-07 AL Maha Sofitel Hotel

B- Main Lift Lobby Void (1st to 23rd floor) & 24th Floor
Forced (Mechanical) evacuation system is use to evacuate the smoke from 1st to 23rd
main lift lobby void and 24th floor complete with fans located at roof and ducted system.
For this purpose, the lift lobby void is regarded as a single smoke zone.
Two sets of fans (duty/standby) each complete with fire rated duct system and with
motorized fire damper with sufficient capacity is used to evacuate the expected
generated smoke plume and discharge to outside through fire rated motorized louver
damper of suitable size as per shown in the drawings .
SMOKE FLOW RATE CALCULATIONS
1- Average smoke layer temperature
The floor is completely covered by automatic sprinkler system of rating temperature
68C and so the average smoke temperature to be considered will be the same.
Thi = 68 C

2- Mass flow calculation

The smoke evacuation design build up on steady state fire (the maximum size of fire
that is smoke system is expected to cope with) the design will include the following
steps:
Thomas Plume Theory is to be use for this purpose:
Mass Flow Rate of fire:
M = 0.188*P*Y3/2
Where:
M = Mass Flow Rate (kg/s)
P = Base Perimeter Size of Fire (m)
(P=18m for Grp 2 & 5-2 Hazard Category i.e. bakeries, automotive,
general engineering, pharmaceutical, furniture, plastic product storage)
Y = Clear Layer Height (m)
0.188 = Entrainment Coefficient
- Floor height is around hc=4.0m, so we select the clear height to be Y= 3m which
is enough to keep the clear escape root and accordingly the smoke layer depth
will be around db=1.0m.
- 0.188 = Entrainment Coefficient
M = 0.188 x 18x (3)3/2 = 17.6 kg/s

Arab Engineering Bureau

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673-07 AL Maha Sofitel Hotel

While the volume rate of smoke will be :V= MxTc / RoxTo

Where :
V= volume flow rate (m3/s) .
Tc = Absolute average temperature of smoke (K) . (68+273)
To = Absolute Ambient temperature (K) .(46+273)
Ro= ambient air density (kg/m3) (1.2)
So based on that the following volume flow rate will be expected from fire zone:
V= 17.6x(68+273) / 1.2x(46+273) =15.7 m3/s .

Based on this result three sets of fire rated axial fans are selected to handle the
expected flow rate from each zone of following capacity:
Fan discharge capacity =15.7 m/s (33,250 cfm) for 24th floor hallway (1 no.)
Fan Head
= 400 Pa
Fan discharge capacity =7.85 m/s (16,625 cfm) for 1st to 23rd floor lobby void (2 nos.)
Fan Head
= 400 Pa

Fire rated louvers of suitable free face area at each fan exit is arranged and located at
roof to evacuate the expected smoke plume.
The fresh air intake for ground floor will be through all door openings of clear Area
around = 24 nos. x 0.75 x 2.4 = 43.2m 2 which is more than enough to provide the
required fresh air. Air velocity at door: V = 15.7 m / s / 43.2m = 0.40 m/s.
Efficient control system to be installed and programmed perfectly by specialist to give
efficient performance complete with fire alarm and fire fighting system. External doors
shall be automatically open in the event of a fire situation for compensation of air.

Arab Engineering Bureau

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