Lecture Content

1. Zoning
2. Land Use
3. Zoning and the
Environment
4. Zoning and
Disaster
Management

What is land use?

Residential
Mixed Use
Commercial
Parks
Institutions

Transport / Parking
Industrial
Vacant Lots

Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

- To promote and protect the public health,

safety and general welfare
- Established height and setback controls
- Separated residential areas from some
non-residential uses (industrial and
manufacturing)

Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

How does zoning work?

Each zoning district regulates:

Types of uses allowed

Density (floor area ratio; FAR)
Overall density
Density of individual
uses
Building Form
Number of dwelling units
Amount of open space
Required parking (if any)
Lot coverage
Distance from buildings and lot
lines
Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

Use Groups
Uses are grouped based on common functional or nuisance
characteristics. Zoning text identifies which use groups are
permitted in each zoning district.
Group

Type of Use

1&2

Residential

3&4

Community Facilities

5-9

Commercial / Local retail & Services

10 - 11

Regional Shopping Centers/Amusement

12 - 15

Waterfront / Recreation

16

General Services / Heavy Automotive

17 & 18

Manufacturing

Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

Zoning and Growth Controls

Zoning as Environmental Policy

Zoning Districts (example New York)

Use

Parking
Requirements

C 4 - 7
Intensity
R = Residential Districts
C = Commercial Districts
M = Manufacturing Districts

Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

 Every zoning district has a floor area ratio (FAR).

The FAR reflects the ratio of building floor area to lot
area.
Multiplying the FAR by the lot size will give you the maximum
permitted floor area (size) or square footage of a building.

100% coverage
One story
Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

MECHANICS OF
ZONING

50% coverage
Two stories

25% coverage
Four Stories

Density Illustrated

100% coverage
Two stories

50% coverage
Four stories

MECHANICS OFMaya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

ZONING

25% coverage
Eight Stories

Height Factor vs. Contextual

Height Factor Zoning

Contextual Zoning

(e.g. R7)

(e.g. R7A; also Quality

Housing)

Tower form
(no height limit)

Height limit

Street wall
Required
open space

Images from NYC Department of City Planning

Maya Bandolon-Cartojano, REC, REA, REB

MECHANICS OF
ZONING

Lot line

Provision for Open Space

deadweight loss

Urban Growth Boundary

The boundary is combined with a
number of policies that promote
rather than inhibit increases in
density.
In other words, the growth
boundary is an integral part of
urban planning, the set of policies
that determine the spatial
arrangement of activities in
metropolitan

 refers to the
manner of
utilization of
land, including
its allocation,
development
and
management.

 To direct, harmonize and influence discussions and

activities of the private and public sectors relative to the
use and management of lands
To reconcile land use conflicts and proposals between and
among individuals, private and government entities relative
to the present and future need for the land
To promote desirable patterns of land uses to prevent
wasteful development and minimize the cost of public
infrastructure and utilities and other social services
to preserve areas of ecological, aesthetic, historical and
cultural significance

Commercial Strip extension of CBD

Neighborhood Center local sources of staple and convenience goods and
services; built around supermarket with convenience stores; population
served: 7,500-20,000.

REVERSIBLE USES

IRREVERSIBLE
USES

CLUP Map of Maasim, Sarangani Province

CLUP Map of Gen. Santos City

Environmental Zoning for

Biodiversity Conservation
Philippines remains as one of the hottest biodiversity
hotspots in terms of high vulnerability and high
irreplaceability (Ong 2007)
National Integrated Protected Area System Act in
1998

ENVIRONMENTAL ZONING
Is the first of the environmental protective
planning which aims to balance relationships
between environment and the increase of
the standard quality of life
Principles of EZ:
The land-use and resource must be rational
in all zones, subzones and units
Protection and rehabitation of the
ecosystem
To take unforeseen circumstances into
consideration if possible.

PROPOSED ZONING LAND USE PLAN FOR GENSAN