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(phn 2)
V cng b v cng ln
NH NGHA
(x) l v cng b khi x xo nu gi tr ca
(x) rt b khi x gn xo.
lim ( x ) 0
x x0
1 / 0, lim x 0
x 0
V d
x, > 0 l VCB khi x 0
3 / lim ln x
x
4 / lim ln x
x 0
5 / lim ln x 0
x 1
SO SNH BC CC V CNG B
(x) v (x) l 2 VCB khi x xo, t
(x)
K lim
x x0 ( x )
1. K=0, (x) l VCB bc cao hn (x),
k hiu: (x) = o((x)) .
2. K 0, : (x) v (x) ng bc.
K= 1: (x) v (x) tng ng: (x) ~ (x)
SO SNH BC CC V CNG B
(x) v (x) l 2 VCB khi x xo, nu tn ti n>0
sao cho:
(x)
K lim
0,
n
x x0 ( x )
(tc l (x) ng bc vi [(x)]n )
V D
( x ) 3 x 3 2 x 4
1/
( x ) x
3 3
(x)
x 2x 4
(x)
x
(x) : (x)
l 2 VCB khi x 0
3
4
x
2
x
3
3
x
x0
( x ) ln(cos x )
2/
(x) x
(x)
(x)
l 2 VCB khi x 0
ln(cos x )
ln(1 cos x 1)
x
x
ln(1 cos x 1) cos x 1
x
2
cos x 1
x
x0 1
( 1/ 2) 0
( x ) o ( ( x ))
( x ) ln(cos x )
3/
(x) x
l 2 VCB khi x 0
(x)
ln(cos x )
2
x2
( x )
ln(1 cos x 1) cos x 1
cos x 1
x2
x0
1 (
1 / 2)
(x) l VCB bc 2 i vi (x).
1/ 2
Cc vcb tng ng c bn
Khi x 0
sin x : x
2
x
1 cos x :
2
tan x : x
arcsin x : x
arctan x : x
ln(1 x ) : x
x
e 1 : x
x
a 1 : x ln a
(1 x ) 1 : x
V d
sin 2 x : 2 x , khi x 0
1 4
1 cos x : x , khi x 0
2
tan(ln(1 x )) : ln(1 x ) : x , khi x 0
2
ln x : x 1, khi x 1
1
1
arctan : , khi x
x
x
( x ) : 1 ( x ), ( x ) : 1 ( x ) khi x x0
( x ) ( x ) : 1 ( x ) 1 ( x )
VD: khi x 0
1 / (e x 1) sin x : x x x 2 ,
2/
1 2 x 1 (e 1) tan x
1
: (2 x 5 ) x 3 x
3
16
2 3
x
1 ( x ) 2 ( x ) L n ( x ) : i ( x )
vi i l VCB bc thp nht
VD: khi x 0
2
x 2 x 3x
3
sin x 2 x
: 3x
: 2x 2
f (x) (x)
: a ( x ) : a 1 ( x )
VD: khi x 0
1 / ( x 1) ln( x 1) : 1 ln( x 1) : x
2/e
2x
0
x2
x2
2 xx2
e e
: e e
2 x x2
1 : 1 2x x
: 2x
( x ) : 1 ( x ), ( x ) : 1 ( x ) khi x x0
(x)
1 ( x )
lim
lim
x x0 ( x )
x x0 ( x )
1
sin x 3x 2
sin x
lim
1
VD: 1 / lim
x 0 ln(1 x )
x 0 x
x2
(e 1)arctan x
x 2x
x3
2 / lim
lim
lim
x 0
x 0 ln(1 cos x 1)
x 0 cos x 1
ln(cos x )
x3
lim 2 0
x 0 x
( x ) : ( x )
( x ) ( x ) : 1 ( x ) 1 ( x )
(ch thay tng ng qua hiu nu 2
VCB ban u khng tng ng)
V D
1 / arctan x sin x 2
x2
2 / tan x sin x
3 / (e 1)( x 1) sin x
x 1
4 / x ln( x 2 1) sin x
x2
Lu
1. Khng chuyn v trong tng ng c bn.
2. Khng thay tng ng qua hm s ngoi
tr hm ly tha dng(ch thay tng
ng cho VCB, VCL.)
3. Tnh trit tiu trong tng ng tng hiu
ch xt cho tng cp hm
V d
Xt tnh ng, sai trong cc tng ng sau
Khi x 0
ex : 1 x
sin 2 x
: x2
sin x
1 : e 1 : x
sin 2 x : x 2
ln(1 sin x )
: sin x : x
sin x
1 : sin x : x
V D TNG HP
1. Tm cc hng s a v p sao cho
x : ax p , khi x 0
2. So snh bc cc VCB
3. Tnh gii hn
x
:
ax
, khi x 0
Tm cc hng s a v p sao cho
1 / ( x ) sin( x 2 x ) : x 2 x : 2x
a = -2, p = 1
2 / ( x ) sin( x tan 2 x )
2
: x tan 2 x
2
: x 2x
a = -2, p = 1
x
:
ax
, khi x 0
Tm cc hng s a v p sao cho
3 / ( x ) sin x tan 2 x
: x 2x x
a = -1, p = 1
3 x
4 / ( x ) ln 1 sin (e 1)
3 x
: sin (e 1)
x
: (e 1)
3 a = -1, p = 3
x
x
:
ax
, khi x 0
Tm cc hng s a v p sao cho
5 / (x) x 2 2
x
x2 2
x
1
:
a
,p 1
2 2
2 2
( x ) sin( x 2 2 x )
1/
( x ) 1 3x 1
Bc 1 theo x
( x ) : 2 x
1
2 Bc 2 theo x
(
x
)
:
(
3
x
)
3
( x ) o ( ( x )) ((x) bc cao hn (x))
( x ) arctan x
2/
(x) e
(x) : x
x ( x 1)
( x ) : x ( x 1) : x
(x) (x)
1
x
3 / (x)
, (x) x
ln x
e
x
1 e
(x)
lim
lim
x ln x
x ( x )
x
x
x e
lim
2
x ln x x
(x) bc cao hn (x)
Tnh gii hn
lim
x 0
x tan x
3
e
2
3x 2
x sin x
lim
3x2
x tan x 3 x 2
x 0
lim
lim
x 0
1 x tan x 3x
x
x 0
2
3x
x
SO SNH BC CC V CNG LN
(x) v (x) l 2 VCL khi x xo, t
(x)
K lim
x x0 ( x )
x x0
: a ( x ) : a 1 ( x )
V D
1. Khi x +, m > n >0:
xm l VCL bc cao hn xn.
2. Khi x +, p > 0, > 0, a > 1:
p
ln x = x = a
x /2
xe
1 / lim
x x e x
x /2
xe
lim
x e x
lim
x e x /2
x
lim 2x /2 2 0
x e
x /2
x /2
xe
xe
x /2
lim e 0
2 / lim
lim
x
x
x x e
x
x