How To Write Great Essays

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{\sp{\sn pVerticies}{\sv 8;450;(146,0);(133,0);(133,0);(120,0);(120,0);(106,0);
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10013 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {n your
preparations for college, you may find yourself facing a handful of high-
stakes}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essays.
Your college application requires at least one, and the SAT requires
another.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Depending upon the high school you attend, or the state you reside in, you may
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n133\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to write an exit
essay, or take the Regents Exam. This book includes specific strategies
to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {help you write
great essays, no matter which type you write.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
280\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In contrast to basic writing guides that
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{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {focuses on the topics most important to you now. You
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{a comprehensive guide to mechanics, but instead you will get short but thorough
lessons}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on the most
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cor-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rect these
errors. Every chapter is designed to relate directly to your essay, giving you
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {knowledge and
the know-how you need to succeed.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
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{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is about saying exactly what you mean by avoiding
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whenever possible.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {examines word choice and how it can accurately
convey your ideas. It explains}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
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{and inclusive language. Important advice about the use of spell checking
software}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is also
included.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Chapter 4}\b0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {teaches
the most common mechanical errors so you can eliminate
them}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from your
writing. Troublesome parts of speech, issues such as noun-verb
agree-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ment, and
punctuation problems are explained.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {shows you how to revise, edit, and proofread your
essay. You will find check-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lists to use during these processes, as well as tips
from professional editors. The use}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of word-processing programs to help with editing is
also covered.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The last three chapters of}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {How to Write Great Essays}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will arm you with specific
strategies}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for
writing both timed (SAT, GED) and unt}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {imed (college
application, exit) essays.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Chapter
6}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {covers issues such as long-range planning,
prewriting, and understanding}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the topics. Tips on writing to your audience and
striking a balance between for-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mality and informality are also
explained.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Chapter 7}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {shows
you how to prepare for timed essays. Learn how to research your
exam,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {how to
familiarize yourself with possible topic choices,and how to budget your time
dur-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing the
writing process. The more you know before writing a timed essay, the less
stress}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you will
feel during the exam, and the better the writing you will be able to
produce.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Chapter 8}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {includes
sample prompts and essays. Commentary at the end of each
essay}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {explains its
strengths and weaknesses. You will be able to see how a number of
writ-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ers
approached both timed and untimed essay topics, and learn even more
about}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {how you can
write a great
essay.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Introduction}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs16\cf2\f0\charscalex100\b {ix}\b0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {No other
essay resource, either in print or online, gives you all of the information
found}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in this book.
Everything from prewriting and grammar, to finding and taking practice
essay}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {exams is
here. We have done our homework. Now it\uc1\u8217Xs time to do yours. Preparations
begin}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with reading}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {How to Write Great Essays.}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
td\sbkpage
i2466\ri0\sl-1413\slmult0 \fs166\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {GREAT}\b0
\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-1360\slmult0 \fs158\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {ESSAYS}\b0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
td\sbkpage
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2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{C H A P T E R}\par\pard\li7613\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
2760\slmult0 \fs306\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {1}\b0 \par\pard\li5586\ri0\sl-
\fs74\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Organization}\i0 \par\pard\li1546\ri0\sl-
ddfr3
10013 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {n a mythic
vision, writers sit for hours, scribbling furiously to get down the
incredibly}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{brilliant words that seem to pour from their brains. But
\uc1\u8220Xmythic\uc1\u8221X is the operative word;}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it\uc1\u8217Xs not the reality
experienced by most writers. Whether you are writing an essay
for}\cell\row}\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the SAT, your college application, or a
graduatio}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {n requirement, forget about the mythic
vision.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Even many
professional writers find their craft to be a challenge. Journalist and
biographer}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Gene
Fowler noted that \uc1\u8220Xwriting is easy; all you do is sit staring at a blank
sheet of paper}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{until the drops of blood form on your forehead.\uc1\u8221X Essay writing is rarely
that tortuous. But}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{it is important to recognize that in order to do it well, you must commit yourself
to a process.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Writing a great essay doesn\uc1\u8217Xt happen in one sitting. (Even when you are
being timed, as with}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{the SAT, your goal is not to turn out a finished piece, but rather to show that
you know how}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
begin one.)}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When
the clock is ticking, and you are faced with a blank sheet of paper,
don\uc1\u8217Xt wait for}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {inspiration to strike (sometimes it doesn\uc1\u8217Xt).
While creativity and inspiration can play an}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {important role in good essay writing, organization,
discipline, and revision are critical.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Whether you have to write an essay in class, during a
test, or for any type of application,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {getting down to the business of writing means focusing
on these three things. This chap-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ter deals with organization. When you begin your essay
with organization, you will have}\par\pard\li3680\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx6120\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Organization }\i0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 1}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO
\fs16\cf2\f0\charscalex100\b {1}\b0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
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2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
200\slmult0 \fs16\cf2\f0\charscalex100\b {2}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 1}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Organization}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {guidance
and direction through the writing pr}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ocess, especially
if you are in a timed situ-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ation. Organization lets you see how your many
developing ideas fit within a framework,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and clearly maps out any type of essay you are required
to write.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Organization also benefits the reader. By foll}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {owing
one of the organizational methods}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {at the end of this chapter, you will guide your reader
from your first to last sentence. He or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {she will be able to see how the various points you make
in your essay work together and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {how they support your thesis. The
direction }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and purpose you get from organization
helps}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your reader
to believe what you are saying, and to willingly follow your lead. Practice
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {prewriting and
organizational techniques deta}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {iled in this chapter.
Determine ahead of time}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {which work well for you, especially if
you }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are going into a timed writing situation.
Making}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the effort
to think through what you want to say, and finding the best way to say it, will
sig-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nificantly
improve your essay.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {PERFECT TIMING}\b0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Regardless of how much time you have to complete your
essay, try to follow these}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {guidelines. Spend:}\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-
{1}\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx2226\fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{4}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of your time prewriting and
organizing}\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-133\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{1}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\par
d\li2080\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx2226\fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2}\tab
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of your time writing}\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-
133\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard\li2080\ri0\sl-226\slmult0
\*\tx2226\fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of your
time revising and editing}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
293\slmult0 \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R
E W R I T I N G}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Prewriting
is the critical first step in creating a successful essay. Whether you are handed
a}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {topic, must come
up with one on your own, or writing under a time constraint, taking
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {time to focus
and shape your thoughts will result in a better final product. The six
prewrit-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing
strategies explained below may be used both to generate new ideas and to clarify
those}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you already
have. Some strategies are better suited to a longer writing process such as
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {college
admissions essay, while others may be adap}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ted for when
you have just a short period}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of time to complete an essay, as with the SAT.
Prewriting strategies can also be used effec-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tively when you are faced with a number of
possible essay topics and must determine which}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is the best vehicle to express your unique
thoughts and experiences.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1.
FREEWRITING}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Freewriting is probably the best-known prewriting technique. It works well when
you have}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {some
thoughts on a topic, but can\uc1\u8217Xt envision them as an essay. Freewriting
also functions}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {as a
developmental tool, nurturing isolated ideas into an essay-worthy one. People who
use}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbkpage
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2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Organization }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER
1}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \*\tx3546\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{HOW TO WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0 \tab \fs16\cf2\f0\charscalex100\b {3}\b0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {this
technique often surprise themselves with what comes out on paper. It is common
to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {discover a
thought or point you didn\uc1\u8217Xt realize you had.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Specifically, freewriting means spending a
pred}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {etermined period of time writing
non-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stop, focusing
on a specific topic. In fact, freewri}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ting might better
be called \uc1\u8220Xflow writing,\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {because the most important aspect to this
prewriting technique is the flow, or momentum,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that comes when you stay with it. It works
best when you write in full sentences, but phrases}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are also effective. The key is to keep
writing without regard for grammar, spelling, or wor-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {thiness of ideas. Your speed will help keep
you from being able to edit or throw out any ideas.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {KEYS TO
SUCCESSFUL FREEWRITING}\b0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Resist the temptation to look back at
what you have written during the process.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{If you can\uc1\u8217Xt stay on topic, keep writing anything to maintain the
flow.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do not censor yourself; your
freewriting is not going to be seen by others, so}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {commit every thought to
paper.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Follow your ideas wherever they lead
you.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When finished, read your freewriting
with a highlighter, noting the most interesting}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and strongest ideas.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
333\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u9670X}\tab
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Try the process again after you have focused your
topic; more ideas may be}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {generated.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{2. BRAINSTORMING OR LISTING}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Brainstorming is similar to freewriting in that it is a
timed, flowing exercise meant to elicit}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {many thoughts and ideas on a given topic. However,
instead of putting whole sentences or}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {phrases to paper, this prewriting technique involves
creating a list. It might contain various}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {individual thoughts or ideas that make sense in a
particular order, and/or ideas that are linked}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {together by association with previous
ideas. Unlike freewriting, brainstorming works well}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in a limited amount of time. Even with the
twenty-five minutes allotted for the SAT essay,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it is worthwhile to spend a few moments jotting down
your ideas before beginning to write.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Putting your ideas on paper will be especially helpful
on the SAT, where your goal is to estab-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lish a point of view on a topic and support your
position.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO BRAINSTORM}\b0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
{If you are not already being timed, set a timer for at least five minutes (the
more}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {time you
spend, the more and better ideas you will probably come up
with).}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {List every word or phrase that comes
to mind about your topic. If you have not}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {selected a topic, write in answers to the questions,
\uc1\u8220XWhat do I have to say to}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {my audience?\uc1\u8221X or \uc1\u8220XWhat do I want my
audience to know about
me?\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
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{Organization}\i0
{As with freewriting, do not edit or censor any ideas, and ignore the rules of
spelling,}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grammar,
and punctuation.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
{When you are finished, look over the list carefully. Cross out useless
informa-}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tion and
organize what is left. Categorize similar items.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. CONCEPT MAPPING/
WEBBING}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Mapping and
webbing are graphic (visual) organizers that allow you to investigate the
rela-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tionships
between a number of diverse ideas. Concept mapping is a simple process best
used}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for exploring
topics that are not complex. To make one, draw a circle, and add spokes
radi-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ating from
it. Put your central idea or subject in the middle, and add subtopics or
related}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ideas
around it in any order. Or, draw a box with your subject written in it, and
continue}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {adding
boxes, connected to each other by arrows, showing the development of your
idea.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {As with other
prewriting techniques, do not judge yourself during this process. Write
down}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {any and every
thought you have on your subject.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {SAMPLE CONCEPT MAP}\b0
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\cols4\
colno1\colw3946\colsr-0\colno2\colw333\colsr-0\colno3\colw1040\colsr-
213\slmult0
ddfr3
lrtb\clNoWrap\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4294965563\clpadt0\clpadr0\clpadft3\clpadfr3\cell
x1000 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-186\widctlpar\intbl \fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Why I want
to}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\widctlpar\intbl \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be a
teacher}\cell\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone\clbrdrl\brdrnone\clbrdrb\brdrnone\clbrdrr\
brdrnone\cltxlrtb\clNoWrap\clftsWidth3\clwWidth146\clpadt0\clpadr0\clpadft3\clpadfr
3\cellx3880 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-413\widctlpar\intbl \fs30\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u10151X}\cell\row}\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs30\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u10151X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Summer job as}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{\uc1\u10151X}{ }\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Taught the kids who failed the}\tab
\fs30\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u10151X}{ }\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Most
meaningful
experience}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\cols3\colno1\colw5733\colsr-0\colno2\colw2386\colsr-
0\colno3\colw3320\pard\li3293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx4200\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Love kids}\tab \fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a
camp counselor}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-133\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{swim test how to swim}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-133\slmult0
\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of my
life}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
ard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Creating a
web takes more time, but may result in a more useful product. It works
well}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {when exploring
a complex subject. To develop a web, write your topic in a circle. Next,
write}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {subtopics in
smaller, or secondary circles, each connected to the center by a line. From
each}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of the
secondary circles, draw smaller bubbles in}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 { which you
brainstorm possible solutions.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Each possible solution is connected to the
corresponding secondary bubble by a line.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Both maps and webs should be revised and reworked a
number of times. When your ideas}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are on paper in one of these graphic organizers, it is
easy to see how better to prioritize and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {organize them. Use maps and webs as flexible frameworks
in which information may be}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {moved around until it is in the correct
place.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
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(920,160);(946,186);(973,226);(986,253);(1000,280);(1026,320);(1026,360);
(1040,386);(1040,426);(1053,466);}}
2;164;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1
;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45
824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824
;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;
45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;458
24;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;
1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;4
5824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;
32768}}
(1293,680);(1266,706);(1253,746);(1226,786);(1200,813);(1160,840);(1133,880);
(1093,906);(1053,920);(1013,946);(960,973);(920,986);(866,1000);(826,1013);
(773,1013);(720,1026);(666,1026);(613,1026);(560,1013);(506,1013);(453,1000);
(400,986);(360,973);(306,946);(266,920);(226,906);(200,880);(160,840);(133,813);
(93,786);(80,746);(53,706);(40,680);(13,640);(13,600);(0,560);(0,506);(0,466);
(13,426);(13,386);(40,346);(53,306);(80,280);(93,240);(133,213);(160,173);
(200,146);(226,120);(266,93);(306,80);(360,53);(400,40);(453,26);(506,13);(560,13);
(613,0);(666,0);(720,0);(773,13);(826,13);(866,26);(920,40);(960,53);(1013,80);
(1053,93);(1093,120);(1133,146);(1160,173);(1200,213);(1226,240);(1253,280);
(1266,306);(1293,346);(1306,386);(1320,426);(1320,466);(1320,506);}}
2;164;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1
;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45
824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824
;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;
45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;458
24;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;
1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;4
5824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;
32768}}
(1360,680);(1346,706);(1320,746);(1293,786);(1266,813);(1226,840);(1200,880);
(1160,906);(1120,920);(1066,946);(1026,973);(973,986);(920,1000);(866,1013);
(813,1013);(760,1026);(706,1026);(640,1026);(586,1013);(533,1013);(480,1000);
(426,986);(373,973);(333,946);(293,920);(240,906);(200,880);(173,840);(133,813);
(106,786);(80,746);(53,706);(40,680);(26,640);(13,600);(0,560);(0,506);(0,466);
(13,426);(26,386);(40,346);(53,306);(80,280);(106,240);(133,213);(173,173);
(200,146);(240,120);(293,93);(333,80);(373,53);(426,40);(480,26);(533,13);(586,13);
(640,0);(706,0);(760,0);(813,13);(866,13);(920,26);(973,40);(1026,53);(1066,80);
(1120,93);(1160,120);(1200,146);(1226,173);(1266,213);(1293,240);(1320,280);
(1346,306);(1360,346);(1386,386);(1386,426);(1400,466);(1400,506);}}
2;164;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1
;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45
824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824
;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;
45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;458
24;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;
1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;4
5824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;
32768}}
(1373,760);(1360,800);(1333,840);(1306,880);(1280,920);(1240,960);(1213,986);
(1173,1013);(1120,1040);(1080,1066);(1026,1093);(986,1106);(933,1120);(880,1133);
(826,1146);(760,1146);(706,1160);(653,1146);(586,1146);(533,1133);(480,1120);
(426,1106);(386,1093);(333,1066);(293,1040);(253,1013);(213,986);(173,960);
(133,920);(106,880);(80,840);(53,800);(40,760);(26,720);(13,666);(0,626);(0,573);
(0,533);(13,480);(26,440);(40,400);(53,346);(80,306);(106,266);(133,240);(173,200);
(213,173);(253,133);(293,106);(333,80);(386,66);(426,40);(480,26);(533,13);
(586,13);(653,0);(706,0);(760,0);(826,13);(880,13);(933,26);(986,40);(1026,66);
(1080,80);(1120,106);(1173,133);(1213,173);(1240,200);(1280,240);(1306,266);
(1333,306);(1360,346);(1373,400);(1400,440);(1400,480);(1413,533);(1413,573);}}
2;164;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1
;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45
824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824
;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;
45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;458
24;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;
1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;4
5824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;
32768}}
(1120,693);(1106,733);(1093,760);(1066,800);(1040,840);(1013,866);(986,893);
(946,920);(920,946);(880,973);(840,986);(800,1013);(760,1026);(720,1040);
(666,1040);(626,1053);(573,1053);(533,1053);(480,1040);(440,1040);(400,1026);
(346,1013);(306,986);(266,973);(240,946);(200,920);(173,893);(133,866);(106,840);
(80,800);(66,760);(40,733);(26,693);(13,653);(13,613);(0,573);(0,520);(0,480);
(13,440);(13,400);(26,360);(40,320);(66,280);(80,253);(106,213);(133,186);
(173,160);(200,120);(240,106);(266,80);(306,53);(346,40);(400,26);(440,13);
(480,13);(533,0);(573,0);(626,0);(666,13);(720,13);(760,26);(800,40);(840,53);
(880,80);(920,106);(946,120);(986,160);(1013,186);(1040,213);(1066,253);(1093,280);
(1106,320);(1120,360);(1133,400);(1146,440);(1146,480);(1146,520);(1146,520);
(1146,520);}}
2;168;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1
;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45
824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824
;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;
45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;458
24;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;
1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;4
5824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;4582
4;1;45824;24577;32768}}
(1306,573);(1280,600);(1266,626);(1240,666);(1200,693);(1173,720);(1133,746);
(1106,760);(1066,786);(1013,800);(973,813);(933,826);(880,840);(826,853);(773,866);
(720,866);(666,866);(613,866);(560,866);(506,853);(453,840);(413,826);(360,813);
(320,800);(266,786);(226,760);(200,746);(160,720);(133,693);(106,666);(80,626);
(53,600);(40,573);(13,533);(13,506);(0,466);(0,440);(0,400);(13,360);(13,333);
(40,293);(53,266);(80,240);(106,200);(133,173);(160,146);(200,133);(226,106);
(266,80);(320,66);(360,53);(413,40);(453,26);(506,13);(560,0);(613,0);(666,0);
(720,0);(773,0);(826,13);(880,26);(933,40);(973,53);(1013,66);(1066,80);(1106,106);
(1133,133);(1173,146);(1200,173);(1240,200);(1266,240);(1280,266);(1306,293);
(1320,333);(1320,360);(1333,400);(1333,440);}}
2;164;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1
;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45
824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824
;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;
45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;458
24;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;
1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;4
5824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;
32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Organization }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 1}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {SAMPLE
WEB}\b0 \par\pard\li4066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Found positives in}\par\pard\li4093\ri0\sl-
186\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {battle with cancer}\par\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Strength in}\par\pard\li3613\ri0\sl-
186\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dealing with}\par\pard\li3546\ri0\sl-
173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {difficult issues}\par\pard\li4586\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {How I have
been}\par\pard\li4573\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {influenced by
my}\par\pard\li4626\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {English
teacher}\par\column\pard\li266\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-
200\slmult0 \*\tx3813\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0
\tab \fs16\cf2\f0\charscalex100\b {5}\b0 \par\pard\li280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li280\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {5
minutes}\par\pard\li280\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of
writing}\par\pard\li413\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a
day}\par\pard\li1280\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {At
least}\par\pard\li1093\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {30 minutes
of}\par\pard\li1093\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reading a
day}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Discipline}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
xn133\cols4\colno1\colw3626\colsr-0\colno2\colw2240\colsr-0\colno3\colw1093\colsr-
346\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use words}\par\pard\li2360\ri0\sl-
186\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and actions}\par\pard\li2253\ri0\sl-
173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to show others}\par\pard\li2146\ri0\sl-
186\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {who you really
are}\par\column\pard\li53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-
{Personal}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{philosophy}\par\pard\li133\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li133\ri0\sl-
186\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Push yourself past}\par\pard\li93\ri0\sl-
173\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {what you think you}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-
173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are capable of}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{Reading}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{choices}\par\pard\li146\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li146\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li146\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Not afraid
to}\par\pard\li133\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {assign
tough}\par\pard\li266\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{material}\par\column\pard\li160\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
200\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Learned life}\par\pard\li133\ri0\sl-
186\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lessons from}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {assigned
reading}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
3\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{5. TAKING STOCK WITH THE 5 WS}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Asking \uc1\u8220Xwho, what, where, when, and
why\uc1\u8221X is a formula used by journalists, detectives,
and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {researchers for
getting a complete story. T}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {his technique is
particularly useful for choosing}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an essay topic, and for focusing a topic once you have
made a selection. There are two sets}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of questions for taking stock; one suited
fo}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {r an impersonal or research-type essay, and
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {other geared
toward a personal essay. Unlike some of the other prewriting techniques,
tak-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing stock
should be done deliberately, with great thought given to each question. Do
not}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rush or include
every idea that comes to mind. Even if you are being timed, take a
moment}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to give the
best answer you can for each question. The better focused your answers are,
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {more
information you will have to use in your essay.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you are writing a research paper or other type of
non-personal writing, and your topic}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is already selected or assigned, concentrate on the
standard W\uc1\u8217Xs: Who, What, Where, When,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and Why. These questions will help you to
quic}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {kly develop a great deal of information
about}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your subject.
Every question won\uc1\u8217Xt apply to every essay, and the prompts that follow
each W}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are meant to
be taken as suggestions. Be flexible and use the format as it best fits your
topic.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Who:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Who is
involved? At what level? Who is affected?}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{What:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What is your topic? What is its
significance? What is at stake? What are the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{issues?}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
33\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Organization}\i0
{3.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Where:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Where does your subject occur? Where is its source?}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {When:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When does
your topic occur? When did it begin/end? When must action}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be taken to deal with
it?}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{5.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Why:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Why
is it our subject of interest? Why did it develop as it did? Why
should}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {others be
interested in your topic?}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Admissions
essays and some exit essays are intended to be personal, so you must
focus}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on yourself.
Take time answering the personal, taking-stock questions below. This
process}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {involves a
different set of W\uc1\u8217Xs, meant to elicit key information about yourself and
about the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {topic if
it has been chosen.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1. Where
have you been (chronological history)?}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2. What have you accomplished or
achieved?}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. What
do you do with your time when not in school?}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4. What are you good at? What are you passionate
about?}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {5. Who
are/were your major influences?}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {6. READING
GOOD WRITING}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Consider your print diet: what are you reading in your spare time? This is an
important}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {question
because what you read can influence what you write. The computer science
term}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8220Xgarbage in, garbage out\uc1\u8221X applies. If you are reading mediocre
writing, it won\uc1\u8217Xt help your}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essay, but if you consistently read great writing, it
can make a difference with your own.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Syntax, structure, and style can improve under the
influence of writers who are masters at}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {their craft.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The following list is based on suggestions made by
English professors and teachers, col-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lege counselors, and admissions officers. It includes
books and periodicals that cover cur-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rent events, book reviews, science, history, race
relations, sports, and other topics. Choose}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essays that appeal to you; there is no need to force
yourself to read about something you}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are not interested in.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{PERIODICALS}\b0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Harper\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(weekly magazine): essays, fiction, and reporting on
political, literary,}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{cultural, and scientific affairs.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\*\tx2546\*\tx3920\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u9670X}\tab
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The Economist}\i0 \tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{(daily newspaper): London publication covering world
news,}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {finance and
economics, science and technology, books and arts, and
business}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{news.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2546\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The New Yorker}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(weekly magazine): political and business reporting,
social com-}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{mentary, fiction, humor, art, poetry, and
criticism.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {BOOKS}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{Organization }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER
\*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{The Art of the Personal Essay: An Anthology for the Classical Era to the
Present}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Philip Lopate, editor (Anchor, 1997): over 75 essays
written in the past 400 years}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by writers around the globe.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The Best American Essays 2003}\i0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, Robert Atwan and Anne Fadiman,
editors}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(Mariner
Books, 2003): annual publication since 1986\uc1\u8212Xany year is fine; all
vol-}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {umes include a
wide range of subjects.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
{The Best American Magazine Writing of 2003}\i0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
American Society of Magazine Edi-}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tors, editors (Perennial, 2003): includes pieces on
science, sports, current}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {events, personalities, and
fiction.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The Best American Science
Writing}\i0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, Oliver Sacks, editor (Ecco, 2003): 25
essays}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on subjects
representing most of the sciences, originally published in wide-
and}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {small-
circulation periodicals.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx4293\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R G A
N I Z AT I O N}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {M}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E T H O D S}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
{With the exception of concept mapping and webbing, prewriting notes need
organization}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {before
the writing of a first draft. There are many effective ways to organize your
material}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {before you
start your first draft, so don\uc1\u8217Xt get hung up trying to find the one right
way. Some}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {people
like outlines, both creating them and wo}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rking from
them. Others find them inef-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fective and should look at different techniques for
imposing a scheme onto their prewrit-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing notes.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{OUTLINE}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Creating
an outline begins with a reading of your prewriting notes. First, group related
ideas}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {together,
looking for major topics (which can be headings) and minor ones (which can
be}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {subheadings,
examples, or details). Define your major points, and rearrange them until
they}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {make sense and
follow a logical progression. You will be able to see the relationships
between}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your ideas
as you outline them, and determine their importance (major point, minor
point,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {example,
detail). If you need more support}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing details or
facts\uc1\u8212Xsubcategories\uc1\u8212Xyou can add}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {them now. As you outline your information,
use one-word topics, short phrases, or write}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {out full sentences for each point on your
outline.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If your
prewriting notes are somewhat organized, you can use the outlining feature
included}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in most
word-processing programs to create an outline. Otherwise, arrange them yourself
in}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a standard
outline form using Roman and Arabic numerals and upper and lower case
letters:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I.}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A.}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {B.}\par\pard\li813\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\par\pard\li813\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\par\pard\li1053\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a.}\par\pard\li1053\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {b.}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Organization}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Once you have completed an outline, revise and refine
it by following these steps:}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1. Write
down your overall goal for your essay. What are you trying to say to
your}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{readers?}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2. Go
over your outline and circle, underline, or highlight your major points
or}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {images. Do they
all support your goal?}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. Brainstorm words and phrases that will accurately
and concisely express those}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {points (jot them down in the margin of your outline, or
use a separate sheet of}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {paper).}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4. Use this list and your outline to guide your
writing. Do not allow yourself to}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stray from your goal or your major
points.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {PYRAMID CHARTS}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {As you reread your prewriting notes, answer
the following:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What is the purpose of my essay as a
whole?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What are the major parts of the
whole, and how can they be categorized?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{What are the minor parts of the whole, and how do they relate to the
major}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{parts?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What details can I use to illuminate
both major and minor parts?}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The answer
to the first question is your thesis. Place it at the top of the pyramid.
Below}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it, write the
major parts and join them to the thesis with lines. Next, write the minor
parts}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {beneath the
major ones, connecting them with lines. Finally, your details should be
added}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {under the
parts to which they
correspond.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
xn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Organization }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 1}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {SAMPLE
PYRAMID CHART}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Here is an example of a prewriting list and a
corresponding pyramid chart.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
173\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Local school boards should not be allowed
to ban books.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Freedom to read is guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution (1st
amendment).}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Give
students credit\uc1\u8212Xwe don\uc1\u8217Xt believe everything we
read.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Let us read
books and decide what is right.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {We need to learn how to think for
ourselves.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Library
Bill of Rights prohibits banning of books.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Parents and others should trust that we can read
conflicting viewpoints and still hold}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {our own values.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Censorship is wrong.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Education is about opening minds, and
censorship is about closing them.}\par\pard\li5266\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{School}\par\pard\li5040\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {boards
should}\par\pard\li5026\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not be
allowed}\par\pard\li5080\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to ban
books}\par\pard\li4320\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4320\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8226X Freedom protected by the
Constitution}\par\pard\li4093\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8226X Students should be trusted}\par\pard\li3813\ri0\sl-240\slmult0
\fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8226X Censorship is
wrong}\par\pard\li3613\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8226X
Education is about learning many different viewpoints}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-
{\uc1\u8226X Individuals and groups shouldn't take it upon themselves to go
against}\par\pard\li3280\ri0\sl-173\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the law of
the land}\par\pard\li2946\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8226X ACLU takes on cases of censorship and book
banning}\par\pard\li2666\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8226X
We are allowed to make many decisions, why not what to
read?}\par\pard\li2440\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8226X
Just because we read about a subject does not mean we will imitate it
(}\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The Bell Jar}\fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{)}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
400\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {LIST}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you are having trouble with the highly structured
outline or pyramid, try listing. Picture}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {someone reading your completed essay. They will not see
the framework behind your words,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {but instead will encounter each word, and thus each
idea, one at a time. In other words,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reading happens sequentially. With that in mind,
organize your notes into a list based on}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one of the following
strategies:}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Order of Importance:}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rank supporting ideas from most important to least
impor-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tant, or
vice versa.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{2.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Chronological:}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {organize your ideas in the order in which they did
happen or will}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{happen.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Organization}\i0
{3.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {List:}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{create a roster of items of equal importance.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {General to Specific:}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {state supporting details, then the main point, or
vice versa.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\*\tx2693\*\tx3720\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {F}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O R}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Y}\b0 {
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O U R}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R}\b0 {
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E V I E W}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Remember to use a variety of
prewriting techniques, including freewriting,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {brainstorming, webbing, and concept
mapping.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Try different organizational methods
such as outlines, pyramid charts, and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lists.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Don\uc1\u8217Xt forget that what you read affects your writing, so make sure you
read}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the very
best!}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs74\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Clarity}\i0 \par\pard\li1546\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
ddfr3
pard\li0\ri0\sl-1146\widctlpar\intbl \fs92\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0
10000 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fter you
submit it, your essay will be one in a large stack given to a reader or
read-}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ers. In
the case of college admissions, readers will have so many essays to read
that}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {they will
spend only a few minutes on each. Exit and SAT essays will receive
some-}\cell\row}\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
xn133\cols2\colno1\colw9626\colsr-0\colno2\colw1813\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {what more time and attention, but it still
holds that o}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ne reader will be responsible for a
large}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {number of
essays. That is why it is imperative that you not only impress your reader(s)
with}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your unique
take on a topic, but also say exactly what you mean as clearly and, in
many}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cases, as
concisely as you can.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your essay goal is to convey information, including the
fact that you can write well. That}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {goal won\uc1\u8217Xt be achieved if your readers
don\uc1\u8217Xt understand your first few sentences or
para-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {graphs, and
stop reading, or if they finish reading but fail to grasp your message.
Learning}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {how to be
a clear and accurate writer will help make your essay readable, and will
guaran-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tee that
those who read it understand exactly what you mean to say. The five guidelines
in}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {this chapter
show you how to clarify your writing.}\par\pard\li4120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx6120\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Clarity }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{CHAPTER 2}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Clarity}\i0
{E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {L I M I N AT E}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {M B I G U I T
Y}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Ambiguous}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {means having two or more possible meanings.
Ambiguous language can either}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be words and phrases that have more than one meaning,
or word order that conveys a mean-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing different from the one intended by the
writer.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Example:}\b0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The quarterback liked to tackle his
problems.}\i0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This sentence can be read two ways: the
quarterback likes to }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {deal with}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {his problems, or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {his problems are his opponents on the field whom he}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {grabs and knocks down}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. This kind of}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {confusion can happen whenever a word has more than one
possible meaning.}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The quar-}\i0
\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {terback liked to
address his problems}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is a better sentence, and
is unlikely to be misunderstood}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {.}\i0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Example:}\b0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {My
advisor proofread my essay with the red sports car.}\i0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
{Here, the}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {word order}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of the sentence, not an individual word, causes the
confusion. Did}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the
advisor proofread the essay with his car? Because the phrase}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {with the red sports car}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is in}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the wrong place, the meaning of the sentence is
unclear. Try instead:}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {My advisor with the}\i0
\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {red sports car
proofread my essay.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {CORRECTING AMBIGUOUS LANGUAGE}\b0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Ambiguous:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {When
doing the laundry, the phone rang.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Clear:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The phone
rang when}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {was
doing the laundry.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Ambiguous:}\b0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {She almost waited an hour for her friend.}\i0
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Clear:}\b0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {She waited almost an hour for her
friend.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Ambiguous:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I
told her I\uc1\u8217Xd give her a ring tomorrow.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Clear:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{I told her I\uc1\u8217Xd call her tomorrow.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Ambiguous:}\b0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {A speeding motorist hit a student who was jogging
through the park in}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {her blue sedan.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Clear:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{A speeding motorist in a blue sedan hit a student who was jogging
through}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the
park.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Clarity
}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 2}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\*\tx3706\*\tx4533\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {M}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O D I F I E R S}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D D}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R E C I S I O
N}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Clarity in essay writing also involves the
thoughtful use of modifiers, which make your point}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {clear and add meaning and originality to
your piece. One way to accomplish this is to use pow-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {erful and specific adjectives and adverbs.
Consider }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the difference between these sets of
sentences:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Sentence A:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {My grandmother put on her sweater.}\i0
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Sentence B:}\b0 {
}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {My grandmother put on her cashmere sweater.}\i0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Sentence A:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The
football team practiced in the rain.}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Sentence B:}\b0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The
football team practiced in the torrential downpour.}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
{In both cases, sentence B allows you to hear the \uc1\u8220Xvoice\uc1\u8221X and
impressions of the writer,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {giving a more accurate and interesting picture of the
action. The first sentences are dull,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and don\uc1\u8217Xt give the reader much
information.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
right modifiers (adjectives and adverbs) can also get your message across in
fewer,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {more
accurate words. This is critical in an essay with a specified length. You
don\uc1\u8217Xt want to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sacrifice unique details, but sometimes one word will
do the job better than a few. For exam-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ple,}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Chihuahua}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {can take the place of}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {little dog}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {;}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {exhausted}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {can
take the place of}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {really tired;}\i0
\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {late}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {can take
the place of}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {somewhat behind schedule}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \*\tx3506\*\tx4706\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {MODIFIERS}\b0 \tab
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {QUALIFY}\b0 \tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{AND}\b0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {QUANTIFY}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Qualify}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {means to
modify or restrict. In this sentence, words that qualify are in}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {italics}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I am applying
for a}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {civil engineering}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {internship with the}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{New York State}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Department}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of
Transportation.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Quantify}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {means to express in numbers or
measurement elements such as when, how}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {much, how many, how often, and what scope. In this
sentence, words that quantify}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are in}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {italics}\i0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {For over}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {three
years,}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I have been a volunteer, delivering
meals}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {four times}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{a week to}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {over}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {twenty}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{people.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
{P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O W E R F U L}\b0
{ }\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {, P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R E C I
S E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D
J E C T I V E S A N D}\b0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D V E R B
S}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {unconditionally accepted}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {forbidding alley}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{unflagging dedication}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{aimlessly
walking}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grueling game}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{mournful cry}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx693\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {threadbare
clothing}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx693\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {invaluable
lesson}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{Clarity}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Another technique for precise writing is pinpointing.
Why leave your reader guessing, when}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you can tell him or her exactly what you mean? When you
pinpoint, you replace vague words}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and phrases with specific ones. Consider the following
sentence:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The character of Scrooge in
Dicken\uc1\u8217Xs }\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A Christmas Carol}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is miserable.}\i0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
{What does the writer mean by \uc1\u8220Xmiserable\uc1\u8221X? This is a vague word
that conveys little mean-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing. A better sentence would use precise examples from
the story to show what the writer}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {means. For instance:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The character of Scrooge in
Dicken\uc1\u8217Xs }\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A Christmas Carol}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is so miserly that he not}\i0
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {only refuses
comfortable surroundings for himself, but he also forces his employees}\i0
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {to work long
hours in a poorly heated room all winter.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {VAGUE
AND SPECIFIC SENTENCES}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Here are
some sentences that lack accuracy, followed by better versions that use
pin-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{pointing:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Vague:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Janus
needs to file his application soon.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Specific:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Janus
needs to file his application by January 4.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Vague:}\b0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Space exploration has helped human beings in many
ways.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Specific:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The many benefits of space travel
include the invention of fire detectors,}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {calculators, Kevlar, and CATscan and MRI
technologies.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Investing money in the stock market can be
risky.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Specific:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Over the last year, a $1,000
investment in a large-cap stock fund became}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {worth $820. That same investment placed in a savings
account totaled $1,065.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The new teacher is good.}\i0
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Specific:}\b0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The new teacher won \uc1\u8220XTeacher of the
Year\uc1\u8221X awards six times at her previ-}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ous school and has received federal
grants for three student-led projects.}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
320\slmult0 \*\tx2413\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {B}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O N C I S E}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{Clarity }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 2}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You won\uc1\u8217Xt score points with your readers by
using five sentences that express an idea that}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {could have been stated in one. Wordiness is
boring, and it takes up valuable time and space.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You have just 25 minutes to write the SAT
essay, and most application essays are limited to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {500 words, or two pages. That means you
don\uc1\u8217Xt have the time or space to waste words.
There}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are two
equally important approaches to more concise writing: eliminating unnecessary
words}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and phrases,
and using the active (as opposed to passive) voice whenever possible. (For
more}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {information on
the topic of active versus passive voice, including other reasons why
you}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should avoid
it, read through Chapter 4.)}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Many of the words and phrases listed below are both
well-known and, unfortunately,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {well-used. They don\uc1\u8217Xt convey meaning, and are
therefore unnecessary. The following are}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {three of the worst offenders, with usage
examples.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Because of the fact that}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. In most cases, just}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{because}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will do.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Because of the fact that he was late, he
missed his flight.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Because he was late, he missed his flight.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {That}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {which}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {phrases. Eliminate them by turning the idea in the}{
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {that}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {which}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {phrase into an adjective.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {These were directions that were well-
written.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {These
directions were well-written.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {That}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by itself is a word that often clutters sentences
unnecessarily, as in the fol-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lowing examples:}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The newscaster said that there was a good chance that
election turnout would}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be low and that it could result in a defeat for our
candidate.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
newscaster said there was a good chance election turnout would be
low}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and it could
result in a defeat for our candidate.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {WORD
CHOICES FOR CONCISE
WRITING}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Wordy}\b0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {a lot of}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {all of a sudden}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {along the lines of}\i0
\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {are able
to}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {as a
matter of fact}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{as a person}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{as a whole}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{as the case may be}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {at the present time}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {both of these}\i0
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Replace
with}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {many}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {much}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {suddenly}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {like}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {can}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {in fact}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or Delete}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Delete}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {currently}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {now}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {both}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {by and large}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {by definition}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {due to the fact that}\i0
\par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {for all intents
and purposes}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{has a tendency to}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {has the ability to}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {in order to}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {in the event that}\i0
\par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {in the near
future}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is able
to}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it is clear
that}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {last but
not least}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {on a
daily basis}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {on
account of the fact that}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {particular}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {somewhere in the neighborhood of}\i0
\par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {take action}\i0
\par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {the fact
that}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {the
majority of}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{the reason why}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{through the use of}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {with regard to}\i0 \par\pard\li213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {with the exception of}\i0
\par\column\pard\li66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{CHAPTER 2}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Clarity}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{Delete}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Delete}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{because}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Delete}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {often}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or Delete}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {can}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {to}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {if}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {soon}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {can}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {finally}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {daily}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {because}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {about}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {act}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {that}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or
Delete}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {most}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {the reason}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {why}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {through}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {about}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {regarding}\i0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {except for}\i0
253\slmult0 \*\tx4000\*\tx5573\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {W}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O R D Y A N D}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O N C I S
E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E N
T E N C E S}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Wordy:}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The students were given detention on
account of the fact that they}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {didn\uc1\u8217Xt show up for
class.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx3133\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Concise:}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The students were given detention
because they didn\uc1\u8217Xt show up for}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {class.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Wordy:}\b0 \tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Everyone who has the ability to donate
time to a charity should do so.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\*\tx3146\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Concise:}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Everyone who can donate time to a charity should.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\*\tx2893\fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Wordy:}\b0 \tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{In a situation in which a replacement for the guidance counselor
who}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is retiring is
found, it is important that our student committee be
notified.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx3146\fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Concise:}\b0 \tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When a replacement for the retiring
guidance counselor is found,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {our student committee must be
notified.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\*\tx2933\*\tx5386\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{V O I D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {U}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {N N E C E S S A R Y}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E P E T I T I
O N}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There are a number of reasons why you
should eliminate the repetition of ideas and infor-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mation in your essay. The first is that
unnecessary repetition is a sign of sloppy writing.
It\uc1\u8217Xs}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {easy
to say the same thing a number of times, varying it slightly each time.
It\uc1\u8217Xs harder to say}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {something well once, and continue writing about your
next idea or example. Second, wordi-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ness wastes valuable time and space. If you are writing
while the clock is ticking, or are lim-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ited to a number of words or pages, say it right the
first time and move on.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
146\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Example:}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
333\slmult0 \*\tx2826\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Wordy:}\b0 \tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {They met at 4}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{P}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.}\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{M}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. in the afternoon.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \*\tx3040\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Concise:}\b0 \tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {They met at 4}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{P}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.}\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{M}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {P}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {.}\i0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {M}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {.}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {means in the
afternoon, so there\uc1\u8217Xs no reason to say}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{in the afternoon}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. It\uc1\u8217Xs a waste
of}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words and the
reader\uc1\u8217Xs time.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Even in short phrases there can be repetition. The list
that follows contains dozens of}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {such phrases that can clutter your essay. Most of them
contain a specific word and its more}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {general category. But why state both? The word
\uc1\u8220Xmemories\uc1\u8221X can only refer to the past,
so}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you
don\uc1\u8217Xt need to say \uc1\u8220Xpast memories.\uc1\u8221X
W}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {e know that blue is a color, so describing
some-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {thing as
\uc1\u8220Xblue in color\uc1\u8221X is repetitive and therefore unnecessary. In
most cases, you can cor-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rect the redundant phrase by dropping the category and
retaining the specific word.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Some of the phrases use a modifier that is unneeded,
because the specific is implied in}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the general. For instance, the word
\uc1\u8220Xconsensus}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8221X means general
agreement. Therefore, mod-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ifying it with the word \uc1\u8220Xgeneral\uc1\u8221X
is repetitive. Similarly, \uc1\u8220Xmathematics\uc1\u8221X is a field of study,
so}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it does not need
to be modified with the word \uc1\u8220Xfield.\uc1\u8221X You can tighten up your
writing, say-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing
it well one time, by eliminating wordiness.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {TRY
THIS!}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
226\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {As you read the list, jot down those you
know you use on a separate sheet of paper.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Write next to each phrase on your list the correction
of that phrase, along with a cou-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ple of sentences using it correctly. This technique
will help you retain the information}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{better.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{HOW TO WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Retain only the first word:}\b0
{Clarity}\i0
colno1\colw4440\colsr-0\colno2\colw2600\colsr-0\colno3\colw4400\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-
{any and all}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {first
and foremost}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {refer
back}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {close
proximity}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {large in
size}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {often
times}\par\pard\li1853\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reason
why}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Drop the modifier (first word):}\b0
266\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {heavy in weight}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {period in time}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {round in shape}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {odd in appearance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mathematics field}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cheap quality}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {honest in
character}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {confused state}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {modern in design}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {unusual in nature}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {extreme in degree}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {strange
type}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\c
ols3\colno1\colw4200\colsr-0\colno2\colw2586\colsr-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {past memories}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {final destination}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {general consensus}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {various
differences}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {each
individual}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {basic
fundamentals}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {true facts}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {important essentials}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {future plans}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {terrible tragedy}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {end result}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {final outcome}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{free gift}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {past
history}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {totally
obvious}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rarely
ever}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {unexpected
surprise}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sudden
crisis}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx2693\*\tx4600\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {U}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 {
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R O N O U N S}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A R E F U L LY}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
{Pronouns (words such as}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {we}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {them}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {her}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) take the place of nouns. They should
only}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be used when
the noun to which they refer (known as the}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{antecedent}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) is obvious and
mean-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ingful. Check
the pronouns in your writing to be certain they are not one of the
following:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {unclear}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{too far from the antecedent}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{useless}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Trini is interested in teaching and farming, which
is her career choice.}\i0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What is
her career choice?}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Which}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {could mean either teaching or farming, making it
unclear.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The writer
needs to restate the career instead of using a pronoun in order to eliminate
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {possibility the
reader will not understand the sentence. Write instead:}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Trini is interested in}\i0
\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {teaching and
farming, but farming is her career choice.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Example:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Bring
the paper with you tomorrow to the meeting that discusses the}\i0
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {detention
policy.}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
pronoun}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {that}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is
too far away from its antecedent to be clear. It could refer to the
paper,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or to the
meeting. A better sentence is:}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Bring the paper
that discusses the detention policy with}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {you to the meeting tomorrow.}\i0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Example:}\b0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {They
always talk about the dangers of global warming.}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
{This common pronoun error is also known as an expletive:}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {they}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is
useless, because it appears}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to refer to no one. If the writer has that information,
he or she can revise the sentence to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be more precise:}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The
newspaper frequently has articles about the dangers of global warming.}\i0
\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If there is truly
no}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {they,}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the
sentence should be revised by eliminating it:}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{There is much talk}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {about the dangers of global warming.}\i0
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {MORE EXAMPLES PRONOUN USAGE}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \*\tx3186\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Incorrect:}\b0 \tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Both Fellini and Bergman edited}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {his}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{movie.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx3013\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Both Fellini and Berman edited}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Bergman\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {movie.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Incorrect:}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Leave all ingredients out of the
recipes}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {that do not belong}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in a healthy}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {diet.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx3013\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Correct:}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Leave all ingredients}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {that do not belong}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in a healthy diet out of
the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{recipes.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Incorrect}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{:}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {They}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {banned
parking in their lot so the snowplows could do their job.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \*\tx3013\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Correct:}\b0 \tab
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The owners of the parking lot}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {banned parking in their lot so
the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {snowplows could
do their job.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The Civil War and the Spanish American War took place
in the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nineteenth
century. It was a turning point for the country.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \*\tx2986\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Correct:}\b0 \tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The Civil War and the Spanish American War took place
in the nine-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {teenth
century. The Civil War was a turning point for the
country.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Avoid ambiguous language by staying
away from words and phrases that have}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {more than one meaning, and correcting word order that
conveys a meaning}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{different from the one intended.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Use modifiers, such as powerful and specific adjectives and adverbs, to
clarify}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your
writing. Replace vague words and phrases with ones that are
specific.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Be concise by eliminating unnecessary
words and phrases, and using the active}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(as opposed to passive) voice whenever
possible.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Clarity}\i0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Don\uc1\u8217Xt repeat ideas or
information in your essay; it is a sign of sloppy writing}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and wastes valuable time and
space.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Pronouns should be used when the
antecedent is obvious and
meaningful.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs306\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {3}\b0 \par\pard\li5746\ri0\sl-773\slmult0
\fs72\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Word Choice}\i0 \par\pard\li1546\ri0\sl-
ddfr3
pard\li0\ri0\sl-1146\widctlpar\intbl \fs84\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {O}\b0
10000 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ne of the
best ways to accurately convey your ideas in your essay is to choose
the}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {right
words. Doing so ensures that your audience understands what you are
writ-}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing.
Also, with the exception of essays on national exams such as the SAT or
GED,}\cell\row}\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\cols2\colno1\colw9626\colsr-0\colno2\colw1813\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {spelling counts. In fact, it is critical
that your essay be mistake-free. If you are typing your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essay, you can use the spell check feature,
but don\uc1\u8217X}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {t rely on it alone. Knowledge of
basic spelling}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{rules will help you to craft an essay that gives your reader a positive
impression. To learn}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{about these topics, keep reading.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This sounds simple, and for the most part, it is. You
already have a command of the Eng-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lish language that includes knowledge of the denotative
(literal) meaning of thousands of}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words. Therefore, all you need to do is choose the
right ones to get your message across.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The first section of this chapter explains some of the
pitfalls of word choice, including com-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {monly confused and misused
words.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {However,
saying what you mean takes more than just an understanding of the}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {denota-}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {tion}\b0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, or literal
meaning, of a word. Many words also have a connotative meaning. The}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {con-}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {notation}\b0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is a
word\uc1\u8217Xs implied meaning, which involves emotions, cultural assumptions,
and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {suggestions.
Both meanings must be considered when making word choices.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Once you recognize denotative and
connotative meaning, you must consider whether}\par\pard\li3720\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \*\tx6120\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Word Choice }\i0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 3}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 3}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Word
Choice}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the words
you choose might confuse or possibly offend your audience. That means
being}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {aware of
inclusive language, and avoiding slang, clich�s, and buzzwords. Your essay is
an}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {important
opportunity to get a positive message across. Don\uc1\u8217Xt miss it by
inadvertently insult-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing, confusing, or annoying your
reader.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E N O T AT I O N}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
{The words in this section are frequently used incorrectly. The confusion may stem
from words}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that
sound or look similar (but have very different meanings), words and usages that
sound}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {correct (but
in fact are not considered standard English), or words that are misused so
often}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that their
wrong usage is thought to be correct. When you are unsure of the denotation,
or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dictionary
meaning, of a word, you are more likely to make these kinds of mistakes. As
you}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {read this
section, make a note of any words you think you have used incorrectly. Read
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {definitions
carefully, and be certain that you understand proper usage before moving
on.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {MISTAKEN IDENTITY}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When you use the wrong words, your writing
suffers. One incorrect choice\uc1\u8212Xusing}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{illicit}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {when
you mean}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {elicit}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
for example\uc1\u8212Xcan completely change the meaning of a sentence.
Because}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {there are
many English words that sound or look almost identical, but have very
different}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {meanings,
choosing the right one can be difficult. You must understand the correct
mean-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing of the
words you use in order to avoid \uc1\u8220Xmistaken
identity.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{The following list of the most commonly confused words can improve your writing
by}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {showing you how
to avoid such errors. As you read it, take note of those you have used
incor-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rectly. You
may want to write them down, along with a couple of sentences in which
you}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {use them
correctly. In your essay writing, pay careful attention to the denotative
meaning}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of every
word you
use.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\c
ols2\colno1\colw5186\colsr-0\colno2\colw6253\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Confused
Words}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a lot
(noun):}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {allot
(verb):}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {accept (verb):}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {except (prep.):}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{access (noun, verb):}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {excess (noun, adj.):}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{addition (noun):}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{edition (noun):}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Definition}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{many}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to give or share
in arbitrary amounts}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
recognize}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{excluding}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {means of approaching; to
approach}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{extra}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {increase}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an issue of a book or
newspaper}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3720\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Word
Choice }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 3}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
colno1\colw5093\colsr-0\colno2\colw6346\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {advice (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {advise (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{affect (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{effect (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{effect (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {all ready
(adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {already
(adv.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {all together
(adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {altogether
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {allude (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{elude (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ascent
(noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {assent
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {assure (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ensure (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {insure (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {beside (adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {besides (adv.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{bibliography (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {biography (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{capital (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {capitol
(noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {choose (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {chose (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{cite (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sight
(noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {site
(noun):}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a
recommended opinion}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
give advice; inform}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to influence}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {result}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to bring about}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {completely
prepared}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by or before
a specified or implied time}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in a group;
in unison}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {completely
or thoroughly}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to refer}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 { to
something not specifically}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mentioned}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to escape notice or detection}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{the act of climbing or rising}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to agree or accept a proposal or
opinion}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to make certain (assure
someone)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to make
certain}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to secure from
harm; to secure life or}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{property in case of loss}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {next
to}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in addition
to}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {list of writings}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a life story}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {money
invested; a town or city where the}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {government sits}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a government building}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{to select}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the past
tense of choose}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to acknowledge; to quote as a
reference}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the ability
to see; vision}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a place
or
location}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {complement (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {compliment (noun,
verb):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {consul (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {council (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
{counsel (noun, verb):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {continual
(adj.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {continuous
(adj.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cooperation (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {corporation (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
{decent (adj.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{descent (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{dissent (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {desert
(noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dessert
(noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {disburse (verb):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {disperse (verb):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
{disinterested (adj.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {uninterested (adj.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {elicit
(verb):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {illicit
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {envelop (verb):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {envelope (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {farther (adv.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {further
(adj.):}\par\column\pard\li66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 3}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Word Choice}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{match}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {praise; to give
praise}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an official appointed by the
government}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to live in
a foreign city and attend to the}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {interests of the official\uc1\u8217Xs
country}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a group of
people called together to provide}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {advice}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {advice; to give advice}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {taking place
in close succession}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{without break or let up}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {assistance,
help}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {type of business
organization}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {well-mannered}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {decline, fall}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {disagreement}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{arid, sandy region}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{sweet served after a meal}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
pay}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to spread
out}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {no strong opinion either way}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {don\uc1\u8217Xt care}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{to stir up}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{illegal}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to surround; to cover completely}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {flat paper container for letters or
other}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{documents}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {beyond}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {additional}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {flack (noun,
verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {flak (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{forth (adv.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{fourth (adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hear
(verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {here
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hoard (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {horde (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{imply (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{infer (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {loose
(adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lose
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {loath (adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {loathe (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{medal (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{meddle (verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{metal (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {passed
(verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {past
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {personal (adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {personnel (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{principal (adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{principal (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{principle (noun):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {quiet
(adj.):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {quit
(verb):}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {quite
(adv.):}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{press agent (noun);}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{to act as a press agent (verb)}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {criticism}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {forward,
onward}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {next in number
after the third}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to perceive by the
ear}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in this or at this
place}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to collect and keep}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a huge crowd}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to hint or
suggest}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to assume,
deduce}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not restrained, not
fastened}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to fail to
win; be deprived of}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reluctant}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to feel hatred for}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a
badge of honor}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
interfere}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a mineral
substance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the past tense of
past}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {finished; gone
by}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {individual}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {employees}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{main}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {person in
charge}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{standard}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {still; calm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to stop; to
discontinue}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {very;
fairly;
positively}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stationary (adj.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stationery (noun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
{taught (verb):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {taut
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {than (conj.,
prep.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {then
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {their (pronoun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {there (adv.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {they\uc1\u8217Xre:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
{to (prep.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {too
(adv.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {two
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {weather (noun,
verb):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {whether
(conj.):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {who (pronoun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {whom (pronoun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
{your (pronoun):}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{you\uc1\u8217Xre:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOMONYMS}\b0
\par\column\pard\li66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{CHAPTER 3}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Word Choice}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not
moving}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {writing
paper}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the past tense of teach}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tight}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in contrast
to}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{next}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {belonging to them}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in a place}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {contraction for}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {they
are}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in the direction of}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {also; excessively}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the number after one}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{atmospheric conditions; to last or ride out}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {if it be the case; in either case}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{substitute for he, she, or they}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {substitute for him, her, or them}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{belonging to you}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{contraction for}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {you are}\i0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When you look back over the list above, note how many
word pairs or groups sound}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the same, or nearly the same. However, their spellings
and meanings are very differ-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ent. Many of them are also different parts of speech
(such as}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {elicit}\i0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
which is a verb,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{and}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {illicit}\i0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
which is an adjective). These pairs or groups are known as}
{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {homonyms}\i0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {they sometimes
confuse even professional writers. The secret to avoiding errors
with}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {homonyms is to
understand their exact meaning. When you are certain of a word\uc1\u8217Xs
deno-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tation, you
will use it correctly, and won\uc1\u8217Xt confuse it with another, similar-
sounding, word.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{MISUSED NO LONGER}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Along with confused words, add commonly misused words to the list of poor word
choices.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {These
words are used incorrectly in the media, on billboards and other signs, in speech,
and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in writing
every day. In fact, probably because the errors are so common, they often
sound}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {acceptable
to many people. But to good writers and the readers of your essay, they are
glar-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing errors.
Take the time to learn the denotative meanings of the most commonly
misused}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words to
ensure proper
usage.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
146\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Word}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
333\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {allude:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{refer:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{amount:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{number:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
346\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {anxious:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {eager:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{among:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {between:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{bring:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{take:}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{When to Use It}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{used when a reference is made indirectly or}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {covertly}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used when something is named or
otherwise}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mentioned
directly}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used when you cannot count the items to
which}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you are
referring, and when referring to singu-}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lar nouns}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used when you can count the items to
which}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you are
referring, and when referring to plural}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nouns}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{nervous}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {enthusiastic,
or looking forward to something}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used when
comparing or referring to three or}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {more people or things}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used for two people or
things}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {moving something toward the
speaker}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {moving
something away from the
speaker}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
{can:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{may:}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Hint:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Remember, bring}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {to}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{, take}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {away}\i0 \par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-
{used to state ability}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used to state
permission}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
{each other:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one
another:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{e.g.:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {i.e.:}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{when referring to two people or things}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {when referring to three or more people
or}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{things}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an abbreviation for the Latin}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {exempli gratia}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{,}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {meaning}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {free example}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {for example}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an abbreviation for the Latin}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {id est}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, meaning}{
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {that is}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {feel bad:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {feel badly:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
{fewer:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{less:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {good:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{well:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {its:}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it\uc1\u8217Xs:}\par\column\pard\li66\ri0\sl-
{CHAPTER 3}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Word Choice}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used when
talking about physical ailments}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used when talking about emotional
distress}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {when you can count the items}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {when you cannot count the
items}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an adjective, which describes a person,
place,}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or
thing}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an adverb, which
describes an action or verb}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {belonging
to }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {contraction of}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it
is}\i0
{lay:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{lie:}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Hint:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Unlike most possessives,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {doesn\uc1\u8217Xt have an
apostrophe.}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the action of placing or putting an item
some-}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {where; a
transitive verb, meaning something}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you do}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {to}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {something else}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to recline or be placed (a lack of action);
an}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {intransitive
verb, meaning it does not act on}\par\pard\li2640\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {anything or anyone
else}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\c
ols2\colno1\colw5186\colsr-0\colno2\colw6253\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{more:}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used to compare one thing to
another}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Hint:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one of the
two can be a collective noun, such as}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {the
ballplayers}\i0 \par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {the Americans}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\col
s2\colno1\colw5186\colsr-0\colno2\colw6253\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {most:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{supposably:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{supposedly:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{which:}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used to
compare one thing to more than one}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {other thing}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {capable of
being supposed}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{believed to be the case}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a pronoun
that introduces a restrictive (or}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essential) clause}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a pronoun that introduces a non-restrictive
(or}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {unessential)
clause}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Hint:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Imagine a
parenthetical}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {by the way}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {following the word }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{which.}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XThe}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {book, which (by the way) Joanne prefers, is
her first novel,\uc1\u8221X is incorrect.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Therefore, it should read \uc1\u8220XThe book that
Joanne prefers is her first novel.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XLou\uc1\u8217Xs pants, which (by
the way) are black, are made of leather,\uc1\u8221X is
correct.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
Choice }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 3}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {AVOID AT
ALL COSTS}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
i1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {It doesn\uc1\u8217Xt matter
how often they are used, the words (and usages) mentioned in this
rule}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are not
considered standard English and should never be used.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {acrrosed/acrost:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{the adverb and preposition}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {across}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {has only one form; it never}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ends in the letter}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {t}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {alot:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {incorrect
spelling of}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {a lot;}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {often seen in informal writing, but should
not}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be used in an
essay or any other formal writing}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {alright:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {incorrect
spelling of}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {all right}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {anyways:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {speech dialect form not acceptable in written
English; use}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {anyway}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {anywheres:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {anyways}\i0
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {arguably:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {considered vague and overused; often appears as a
dangling}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{modifier}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{brang/brung:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {often seen masquerading as the
past tense of}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {bring}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{;}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {brought}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{is}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the only
correct past tense of bring}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {conversate:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an
unacceptable back-formation of}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {conversation}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {; use}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {converse}\i0
\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{instead}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{everywheres:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {anyways}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {go:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should not be
used to report speech (\uc1\u8220XHe goes, \uc1\u8216XI quit.\uc1\u8217X
\uc1\u8221X)}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{hopefully:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {most often heard as a substitute for
\uc1\u8220XI hope;\uc1\u8221X as such it is not a}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {word.
\uc1\u8220X}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Hopefully}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I\uc1\u8217Xll get an A on the test\uc1\u8221X is an
example of nonstandard}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {English. What the writer means is \uc1\u8220XI hope
I\uc1\u8217Xll get an A on the test.\uc1\u8221X}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Hope-}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{fully}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is a word, however, when used as an
adverb to mean full of hope. For}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {example: They waited}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{hopefully}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for the
firefighters.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{irregardless:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {this blend of irrespective and
regardless has been in use for}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {about a century, but is still not considered a word in
standard written}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{English}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{majorly/minorly:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {major and minor are
adjectives; these substandard forms}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are attempts to use the words as adverbs. Other words,
such as \uc1\u8220Xsomewhat,\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should be used instead.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {nother:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{incorrect form of another}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {nowheres:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see}
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {somewheres:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see}
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {theirselves/themself:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {both are incorrect forms of}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {themselves}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {;
because}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {them}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{is}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {plural,}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {self}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {must be as
well. Also,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {their}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {combined with}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{selves}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is incorrect}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {because it suggests
possession.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
333\slmult0 \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O
N N O T AT I O N}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
Choice}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When you are certain you have selected
your }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words carefully, each one denoting exactly
what}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you intend it
to, you must then consider connotation. What shades of meaning are
suggested?}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Think
beyond the dictionary, or denotative meaning, to what might be implied or
inferred}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by your
writing.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
CONNOTATION}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Connotation involves emotions, cultural assumptions, and suggestions. Connotative,
or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {implied,
meanings can be positive, negative, or neutral. Some dictionaries offer usage
notes}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that help to
explain connotative meanings, but they alone can\uc1\u8217Xt be relied on when
trying to}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {avoid
offensive or incorrect word choices. Keep in mind that using a word without
being}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {aware of its
implied meaning can annoy your reader or make your message
unclear.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {For
example, what feelings come to mind when you hear the words}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {plagiarize}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{
}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {copy}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{?}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Plagiarize}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {has negative connotations, while}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {copy}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is a more
neutral selection.}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Blunder}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {over-}\i0
\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {sight}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {?}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Leer}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {look}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {?}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you were making travel plans, would you choose to
rent a car from an agency whose}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {safety record was described as}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {adequate?}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Although the dictionary definition of the word is}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220Xsufficient\uc1\u8221X or
\uc1\u8220Xmeeting a requirement,\uc1\u8221X the connotative meaning is
negative: \uc1\u8220Xbarely satis-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {factory.\uc1\u8221X Consider all the meanings your
words might reveal, and determine whether they}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {belong in your
373\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Examples}\b0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Positive or Neutral Connotation}\b0
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{teenager}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{knife}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{individualist}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{youthful}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{ethical}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{aggressive}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{thrifty}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{challenging}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{homeless}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{natural}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{statesman}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{smile}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{clever}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Negative Connotation}\b0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {punk}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dagger}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {eccentric}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {childish}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {straight-laced}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {pushy}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cheap}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {perplexing}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {vagrant}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {plain}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {politician}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {smirk}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{sly}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
Choice }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 3}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {INCLUSIVE
LANGUAGE}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
i1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Biased language, which
includes negative ster}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {eotypes, has no place in your
writing. Your goal}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{is to include rather than to exclude. Understanding the purpose of inclusive
language, and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {using
it in your essay, will assure that your message gets across without creating or
perpet-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {uating
negative social stereotypes. Use the following techniques to help you to replace
any}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {possibly
offensive words and phrases with inclusive language.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Gender}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Avoid the suffix}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-ess,}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {which has the effect of minimizing the significance
of}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the word to
which it is attached (}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {actor}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is preferable to }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{actress}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{proprietor}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {proprietress)}\i0
{Do not overuse}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {he}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {him}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. Instead, use}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {his}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {her}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {their}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {those}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {; or alter-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nate between}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {him}\i0 {
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {her}\i0
{Degender titles.}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Businessman}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {becomes}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{businessperson}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {executive}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {chairman}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {becomes}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{chair}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{chairperson}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{stewardess}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {becomes}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {flight attendant}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {weatherman}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {becomes}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{meteorologist}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When referring to a couple, don\uc1\u8217Xt make
assumptions.}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Inappropriate}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {: Mr.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Rosenberg and Caryn, Mr. and Mrs. Bill Rosenberg.}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Appropriate}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {: Mr.
Rosen-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {berg and Ms.
Fetzer}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use professional, rather than
personal, descriptive terms.}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Inappropriate}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {: Robin}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Benoit, a lovely novelist.}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Appropriate}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {:
Robin Benoit, an experienced novelist.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Avoid making assumptions about traditio}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nally
exclusive arenas such as the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {home and sports. Not all women are homemakers, and not
all homemakers}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are
women. The word }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {housewife}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should not be used. Similarly, not all
team}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {members are
male.}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Sportsmanship}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should be replaced with}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {fair play}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, and}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {crew-}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {men}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should be}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {crew members}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-373\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Race}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{To avoid stereotyping, leave out any reference to race, unless it is relevant
to}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the subject of
your writing.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Focus on a person\uc1\u8217Xs individual, professional characteristics and
qualifications,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not
racial characteristics.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Disability}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Discuss the}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {person}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{, not their handicap.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{If your writing is specifically focused }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on
disabilities or disease, or you must}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mention them for another reason,
do }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not use words that imply
victimization}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or
create negative stereotypes. Terms such as}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {victim,
sufferer, poor, afflicted,}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {unfortunate}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should be
omitted.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
Choice}\i0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Don\uc1\u8217Xt use}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {courageous}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
describe a person with a disability unless the context}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {allows the adjective to be used
fo}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {r all. Someone is not courageous
because}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {they are
deaf, but they may be because they swam the English
Channel.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Always put the person ahead of the
disability, as in}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {person with impaired
hear-}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ing}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, rather than}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {hearing-
impaired person}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \*\tx3026\*\tx4386\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {V O I D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {V E R LY}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{I}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {N F O R M A L}\b0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \*\tx2680\*\tx4506\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A N D}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {V E R U S E
D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {L}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A N
G U A G E}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Colloquialisms are words and phrases
appropriate for speech and very informal or casual}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {writing. They don\uc1\u8217Xt belong in
your essay unless you are trying to imitate speech or
assume}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a very
informal tone for effect. Colloquialisms }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {include
vulgarisms (obscene or offensive}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words), clich�s, and slang.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your reader is not going to consult a
dictionary to understand what you\uc1\u8217Xve written,
nor}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will he or she
be impressed with stale, highly unoriginal language. Eliminate any words
or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {phrases that are
overused, or that might be unfamiliar to your reader. A word or two in
a}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {foreign language,
which you translate immediately, is ok. The use of confusing technical
lan-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {guage or
buzzwords is not.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Vulgarisms\uc1\u8212X}\b0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the last thing you want to do is turn off or offend
your reader.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Since
you do not know your audience, you do not know exactly what kinds
of}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {language they
may find offense or in poor taste. Err on the side of caution
by}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not including
any language considered even mildly obscene, gross, or
other-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {wise
offensive. This includes scatological and sexual terms, and words such
as}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {bitch (as in
\uc1\u8220Xlife is a bitch\uc1\u8221X), hell (as in \uc1\u8220Xhotter than
hell\uc1\u8221X), God (as in \uc1\u8220Xoh,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {God!\uc1\u8221X), and damn.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Clich�s\uc1\u8212X}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{clich�s should be avoided not only because they are too
informal,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {but also
because they are overused. Your essay must not rely on stale
phrases}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {such as:}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {one step at a time; no news is good news;
don\uc1\u8217Xt worry, be happy; when}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {life gives you lemons, make lemonade;}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {no guts, no
glory.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Slang\uc1\u8212X}\b0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {slang is non-standard English. Its significance is
typically far-removed}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from either a word\uc1\u8217Xs denotative or
connotative meaning, and is particular to}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {certain groups (therefore, it excludes some readers who
won\uc1\u8217Xt understand it).}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Examples include:}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {blow
off, canned, no sweat,}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {thumbs down (or up).}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {It is}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {also inappropriate and in poor taste to use slang terms
for racial or religious}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{groups.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
320\slmult0 \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P
E L L I N G}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Word Choice }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {College admissions essays and essays that are not timed
must not contain a single spelling}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {error. Even if the errors are slight, they can add up
to an impression that is decidedly against}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the one you are trying to convey. In fact, essay
readers have described spelling mistakes as}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {making the writer seem
\uc1\u8220Xsloppy,\uc1\u8221X\uc1\u8220Xunprofessional,\uc1\u8221X\uc1\u8220Xnot as
smart,\uc1\u8221X\uc1\u8220Xlazy,\uc1\u8221X and even
\uc1\u8220Xfoolish.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Putting in a little time will improve your spelling
quickly. You can learn and use the fol-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lowing simple spelling rules that cover the few dozen
mistakes which account for the major-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ity of errors. These rules will help you no matter what
type of essay you are writing, because}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {once you know them, you can use them at any time. In
addition, you can become a more}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {proficient user of your computer\uc1\u8217Xs spell
check feature. Last, give your essay to at least two}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {good readers who will check for any
spelling errors you may have missed.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {BASIC
SPELLING RULES\uc1\u8212XI BEFORE E}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I before E except after C, or when sounding like A as
in}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {neighbor}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{or}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {weigh.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Though it has a few exceptions, this simple
rule is worth remembering. The majority of}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the time, it works. Some examples of the
exceptions:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {After C:}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{ceiling, conceive, deceive, perceive, receipt, receive, deceit, conceit}\i0
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When sounding like
A:}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {neighbor, freight, beige, sleigh, weight, vein,
weigh}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Others:}{
}\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {either, neither, feint, foreign, forfeit, height,
leisure, weird, seize,}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{and}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{seizure}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {BASIC SPELLING RULES\uc1\u8212XDOUBLING
FINAL CONSONANTS}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{When adding an ending to a word that ends in a consonant, you double the consonant
if:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the ending begins with a vowel (such as}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-ing, -ed, -age, -er, -ence, -ance,}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-al}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{the last syllable of the word is accented and that syllable ends in a single
vowel}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {followed by a
single consonant (words with only one syllable are always}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {accented).}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Stop }\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {becomes}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{stopping, stopped, stoppage,}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {stopper}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{because}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {stop}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {has only one syllable (so it is accented),
and it ends in a single consonant pre-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ceded by a single vowel.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
{Here are some other examples of words that meet the doubling
requirements:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {run}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{\uc1\u8212X}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {running,
runner}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{slam\uc1\u8212Xslamming, slammed}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nag}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8212X}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nagged, nagging}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {incur\uc1\u8212Xincurred,
incurring}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{kid}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8212X}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{kidding,
kidder}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {plan\uc1\u8212Xplanned, planning,
planner}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{begin}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8212X}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{beginning, beginner}\par\pard\li453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{set\uc1\u8212Xsetting}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
Choice}\i0
i2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{transmit\uc1\u8212Xtransmitting, transmittal, transmitted}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
{BASIC SPELLING RULES\uc1\u8212XDROPPING FINAL E\uc1\u8217XS AND
Y\uc1\u8217XS}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When
adding an ending to a word that ends with a silent}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{e}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, drop the final}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{e}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {if the ending}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {begins with a vowel, such as}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {advancing}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {surprising}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If the ending
begins with a consonant, keep the final}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {e}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, as in}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{advancement}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{likeness}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {However, if the silent}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{e}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is preceded by another vowel, drop the}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {e}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {when adding
any end-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing
(}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {argument, argued, truly}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {).}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULES}\b0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {To avoid confusion and mispronunciation, the final}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {e}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is kept in
words such as}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {mileage}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and words where the final}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {e}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is preceded
by a soft}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {g}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {c}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {:}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {changeable, courageous,}\i0
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {manageable,
management}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, and}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{noticeable.}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The word}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {management}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, for
example, would}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be
pronounced with a hard}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {g}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sound if not for the}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{e}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {after the}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{g}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. If the root word ends}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with a silent}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {e}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, and the suffix
begins with a vowel, then take off the silent}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{e}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and add}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the suffix.}\par\pard\li4720\ri0\sl-
{come + ing = coming}\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2106\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If the
root word ends with a consonant followed by the letter}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {y}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, change the}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {y}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {i}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {add the
suffix.}\par\pard\li4800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4800\ri0\sl-
240\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reply + ed =
replied}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {BASIC
SPELLING RULES\uc1\u8212XPLURALS}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Most words are made plural by simply adding an}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {s}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. However, if a
word ends in}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {x}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{or}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {s}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-sh}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-ch}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, the suffix}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-es}\i0 {
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {must be added to form a
plural.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {church/churches}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {box/boxes}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {plus/plusses}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
{If the word ends in a consonant plus}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-y}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, change the}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-y}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {into}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-ie}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and add an}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-s}\i0 {
}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to form the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {plural.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{enemy/enemies}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{baby/babies}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When in
doubt, look up the singular form in the dictionary, where you will also find
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {plural
listed.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {COMMONLY
MISSPELLED
WORDS}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
cols4\colno1\colw3493\colsr-0\colno2\colw1986\colsr-0\colno3\colw1986\colsr-
0\colno4\colw3973\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{absence}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{abundance}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{accidentally}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{accommodate}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{acknowledgment}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{acquaintance}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{aggravate}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{alibi}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{alleged}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{ambiguous}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{analysis}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{annual}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{argument}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{awkward}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{basically}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{boundary}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{bulletin}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{calendar}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{canceled}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{cannot}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{cemetery}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{coincidence}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{committee}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{comparative}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{completely}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{condemn}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{congratulations}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{conscientious}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{consistent}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{convenient}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{correspondence}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{deceive}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{definitely}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{dependent}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{depot}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{descend}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{desperate}\par\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{development}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{dilemma}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{discrepancy}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{eighth}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{eligible}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{embarrass}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{equivalent}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{euphoria}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{existence}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{exuberance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{feasible}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{February}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{fifth}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{forcibly}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{forfeit}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{formerly}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{fourth}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{fulfill}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{grateful}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{grievance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{guarantee}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{guidance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{harass}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{hindrance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{ideally}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{implement}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{independence}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{indispensable}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{inoculate}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{insufficient}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{interference}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{interrupt}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{jealousy}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{jewelry}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{judgment}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{leisure}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{length}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{lenient}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{liaison}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{lieutenant}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{lightning}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{loophole}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{losing}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{maintenance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{maneuver}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{mathematics}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{millennium}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{minuscule}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{miscellaneous}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{misspell}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{negotiable}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{ninth}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{occasionally}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{occurred}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{omission}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{opportunity}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{outrageous}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{pamphlet}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{parallel}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{perceive}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{permanent}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{perseverance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{personnel}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{possess}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{potato}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{precede}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{preferred}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{prejudice}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{prevalent}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{privilege}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{procedure}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{proceed}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{prominent}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{pronunciation}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{quandary}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{questionnaire}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{receipt}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{receive}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{recommend}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reference}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {referred}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {regardless}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {relevant}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {religious}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {remembrance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reservoir}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {responsible}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {restaurant}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rhythm}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ridiculous}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {roommate}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {scary}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {scissors}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {secretary}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {separate}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {souvenir}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {specifically}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sufficient}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {supersede}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {temperament}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {temperature}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {truly}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {twelfth}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ubiquitous}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {unanimous}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {usually}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {usurp}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {vacuum}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {vengeance}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {visible}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Wednesday}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
{wherever}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
Choice}\i0
\*\tx3053\*\tx4946\*\tx6093\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {U}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S I N G}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O M P U T E R}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P E L L}\b0
\tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H E C K E
R S}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There is no excuse for not using spell
check. It\uc1\u8217Xs fast and simple, and catches many
com-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mon spelling
errors and typos. However, spel}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {l check is not fool-
proof. As professional edi-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tor Deborah Wenger says, \uc1\u8220Xuse it, but dew
knot rely on it exclusively.\uc1\u8221X You should be
aware}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of its three
most important limitations and rely on other methods to catch possible
errors,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {especially
for more important documents.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{1.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Non-Word versus Real-Word Errors}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Most of us think of
spelling errors in the first category, that is, a string of
letters}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that does
not make a real word. You might type}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {sevn}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {instead of}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{seven}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, or }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {th}\i0 {
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {the}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. Spell check is
an excellent tool for catching these types of mistakes.
However,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {if you are
discussing the seven years of piano lessons you have taken, and
you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {leave off the}{
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {s}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and type}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {even}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, spell check
won\uc1\u8217Xt flag your error.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This is known as a real word error. You
have}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 { typed a legitimate, correctly
spelled}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {word;
it\uc1\u8217Xs just not the word you meant to type, and it doesn\uc1\u8217Xt convey
the meaning}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you
intended. Spell check can\uc1\u8217Xt find these types of
errors.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{2.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Proper Nouns}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Spell check uses a dictionary that
does }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not include most proper nouns and
words}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in other
categories, such as the names of chemicals. You can always add a
word}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or words to
the dictionary once you are sure of its spelling, but the first time
you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {spell check,
you will need to use another source (a reliable print one is best)
to}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {verify the
spelling.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{3.}\tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Errors Spelled Similarly to Another Real
Word}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you
misspell a word in such a way that it is now closer, letter-by-letter, to
a}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {word other than
the one you intended, spell check will probably offer the}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {wrong word as a correction. For example, if
your essay includes a coffee house}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {scenario, and you type the
word }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {expresso}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
spell check will correct the error}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {express}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rather than}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{espresso.}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Similarly,}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {alot}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will be
\uc1\u8220Xcorrected\uc1\u8221X to}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {allot.}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {must pay careful attention to spell check\uc1\u8217Xs
suggested corrections to ensure the}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {right selection.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {One of the best ways to accurately
convey your ideas is to choose the right}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words. Doing so ensures that your audience understands
the meaning you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{intend.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Many words are confused because they
sound or look almost identical, but}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {have very different
meanings.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Take the time to learn the denotative
meanings of the most commonly mis-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used words to ensure proper
usage.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Some words and word usages appear
frequently in print although they are not}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {considered standard English. Avoid them in your
writing.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs10\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Choose words by keeping in mind their
implied (connotative) as well as literal}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {meanings. Their connotations involve emotions, cultural
assumptions, and}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{suggestions that can be positive, negative, or neutral.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Understanding the purpose of inclusive language and
using it in your essay,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will assure that your message gets across without
creating or perpetuating}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {negative social stereotypes.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Almost all of the most common spelling errors can be
corrected by learning}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and applying four basic spelling
rules.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Always use a spell checker, but never
rely on it
completely.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
td\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs74\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Mechanics}\i0 \par\pard\li1546\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
ddfr3
pard\li0\ri0\sl-1146\widctlpar\intbl \fs84\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0
10013 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {he majority
of grammar, punctuation, and capitalization mistakes are just a few
dozen}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {common
ones. If you learn these common errors and how to avoid or correct
them,}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your
writing will greatly improve. Therefore, the focus of this chapter is on those
errors}\cell\row}\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\cols2\colno1\colw9626\colsr-0\colno2\colw1813\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that occur most frequently.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {No matter how original an idea you come up
with, the inability to express yourself clearly}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and accurately through the written word will hinder the
success of your essay. The rules of}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mechanics are complex; in fact, they sometimes confuse
even professional writers. How-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ever, you do not need to become a strict grammarian in
order to write well.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx3520\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A R T
S O F}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{P E E C H}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Some parts
of speech are more difficult than others. Following are the four most
challeng-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing ones
as they pertain to your essay: pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions,
with}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {usage
explanations and examples.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you feel your writing would benefit from a more in-
depth review of grammar, check}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the resources at the end of this book for websites and
books that contain grammar lessons,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {practice exercises, and quizzes to reinforce the
material.}\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3880\ri0\sl-
\*\tx6120\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Mechanics }\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{CHAPTER 4}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {PRONOUNS}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx1106\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 4}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Mechanics}\i0
i1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Pronouns refer back to or take
the place of nouns. They should:}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{1.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Agree in number}\b0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A singular pronoun must be used for a
singular noun.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{the student}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {passes this course,}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {they}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will
graduate.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{the student}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {passes this course,}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {she}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will
graduate.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Agree in person}\b0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do not switch back and forth in your
writing from the first person (}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) to the sec-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ond (}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {you}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) or third (}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {he, she,
they, it}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {).}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {First
person pronouns:}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I, me, we, us}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Second:}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {you}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Third:}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {he, she, him,
her, they, them}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{a person}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {comes to class,}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {you}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should have
your homework}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{ready.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {a
person}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {comes to class,}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {he}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should have
his homework ready.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{3.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Be a specific reference to a noun}\b0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {It should be
obvious to your reader to which noun the pronoun refers.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Kim
spends all his time reading and playing soccer, but it
isn\uc1\u8217Xt}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{good for him.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{(What isn\uc1\u8217Xt good for him? Reading, playing soccer, or
both?)}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Kim spends all his time reading and
playing soccer. Too much soc-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cer isn\uc1\u8217Xt good for him; he should play some
basketball, too.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {It has been years since}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {they}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {spent
money on new textbooks.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Who is they?}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{It has been years since the school board spent money on
new}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{textbooks.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I went on the trip with Emily and Nancy, and we took
her}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{laptop.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(Whose
laptop?)}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I went on the trip with Emily and
Nancy, and we took Nancy\uc1\u8217Xs}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{laptop.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
240\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ADJECTIVES}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{Mechanics }\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER
i1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Adjectives describe or modify
nouns or pronouns. }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Adjectives add information by
describ-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing
people, places, or things in a sentence. These words, more than any others, make
your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essay a unique
piece. Use them to describe pe}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ople, objects, and
situations to make the reader}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {understand your point of view and see things the way
you have seen them. Too few adjec-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tives will make a personal statement a boring play-by-
play that doesn\uc1\u8217Xt tell the reader any-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {thing about the
writer.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ADVERBS}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Adverbs, which describe verbs, are easily spotted
because most of them end in}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-ly}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, such as}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {slowly, quickly, abruptly}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. However, the adverb that causes the most errors is
not a typical}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-
ly}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {form.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Well}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is commonly
confused with its adjective counterpart,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{good}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. As an adjective,}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {good}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{is}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used to
describe nouns. In the following sentence,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{good}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {describes the noun}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {pasta:}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
pasta}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you made last
night was}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {good}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.
In the following sentence,}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {good}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {describes the verb }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{played}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, which}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is incorrect: I played}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{good}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in the basketball game. The correct word
to use in such instances}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is the adverb }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{well}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. Written correctly, the sentence would read,
\uc1\u8220XI played}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {well}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in the basket-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ball
game.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{PREPOSITIONS}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Prepositions are connecting words that link a noun or pronoun to another word in a
sen-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tence. They
are often used to show a relationship of space or time.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{Examples}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\ul
{The b}\ul0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\ul {ox}\ul0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{on}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your d}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{esk }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is your birthday
present.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
holida}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {y }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that follows
immediately}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {after}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your b}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{irthda}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {y }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is
Valentine\uc1\u8217Xs Day.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The first
sentence uses the preposition}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {on}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to describe the spatial relationship
between}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {box}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and the}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {desk.}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
second sentence uses the preposition}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {after}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to describe the time}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {relationship between}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {holiday}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {birthday. On your desk}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {after your
birthday}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are prepo-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sitional phrases.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Common Prepositions}\b0
colno1\colw2613\colsr-0\colno2\colw1013\colsr-0\colno3\colw960\colsr-
0\colno4\colw906\colsr-0\colno5\colw2853\colsr-
266\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {aboard}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{about}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {above}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{after}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \*\tx1000\*\tx1933\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {among}\tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {around}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{at}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{before}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
3\cols4\colno1\colw2613\colsr-0\colno2\colw1013\colsr-0\colno3\colw3800\colsr-
{behind}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{below}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\*\tx960\*\tx1866\*\tx2866\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {beneath}\tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {beside}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {between}\tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\*\tx920\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {except}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{for}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\c
ols8\colno1\colw2613\colsr-0\colno2\colw1026\colsr-0\colno3\colw960\colsr-
0\colno4\colw893\colsr-0\colno5\colw1000\colsr-0\colno6\colw933\colsr-
0\colno7\colw920\colsr-0\colno8\colw3093\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {inside}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {into}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {like}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {off}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
{on}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\co
ls7\colno1\colw2613\colsr-0\colno2\colw1026\colsr-0\colno3\colw960\colsr-
0\colno4\colw1893\colsr-0\colno5\colw946\colsr-0\colno6\colw906\colsr-
{outside}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{within}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{over}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{to}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx893\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{under}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {up}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {upon}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {until}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
{with}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Mechanics}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The two
most common problems with prepositions are:}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{1.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Using them unnecessarily}\b0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Because it is so
important in your essay to get to the point concisely,
unnecessary}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{prepositions should be avoided. Remember that when two or more
prepositions}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are
used together, chances are at least one is unnecessary.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Poor form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I
cleaned}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {up under}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{the kitchen cabinets.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Good form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I
cleaned}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {under}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{the kitchen cabinets.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Poor
form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {She likes all sports}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {except for}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{soccer.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Good
form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {She likes all sports}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {except}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{soccer.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Poor form:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {They looked}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {outside
of}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the house for the lost
cat.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Good
form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {They looked}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {outside}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the
house for the lost cat.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{2.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Confusing prepositional phrases}\b0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Certain words must
always be followed by certain prepositions. These
necessary}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{prepositions are always used in combination with their respective
supported}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words.
Below are two examples of required prepositions\uc1\u8212Xthe preposition is
in}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {italics and the
supported word is underlined. It is important to remember
that}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {they must
always be used together:}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You must
a}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cc}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ount}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {for}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {every item
in your club\uc1\u8217Xs budget.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The meal c}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{o}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nsists}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {of}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {eight separate courses.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
{Common prepositional
phrases:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
33\cols4\colno1\colw3386\colsr-0\colno2\colw2160\colsr-0\colno3\colw2160\colsr-
240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {account for}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {compare to}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {identical to}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{agree upon}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {correspond
with}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {independent
of}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {angry with}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {differ from}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {interested in}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{argue about}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {different
than}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {speak
with}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
ard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Alternate Endings}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Of all the rules governing prepositions,
none is more famous than:}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Never end a sentence
with}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {a
preposition!}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {While this rule holds true for many
situations, it is not an absolute. It is per-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fectly acceptable to end a sentence with
a }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {preposition, especially in your essay, if it
makes}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the sentence
flow better. For example, in popular speech, it sounds much more natural
to}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {say
\uc1\u8220XThat\uc1\u8217Xs all I can think of \uc1\u8221X than
\uc1\u8220XThat\uc1\u8217Xs all of which I can
think.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{The best technique for deciding to keep or remove prepositions at the end of
sentences}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is to use
your ear. What would the statement sound like if you kept\uc1\u8212Xor
dropped\uc1\u8212Xthe prepo-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sition? Does it sound like}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {you}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, or does it
sound like a college professor? Prepositions should}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not be used in an attempt to add importance
or weight to your
writing.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Many times
short questions are ended in pr}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {epositions. Here are
some acceptable and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{unacceptable examples. Note that the unacceptable sentences could be improved
simply}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by dropping
the preposition at the end.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Good
Form}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Does he
have anything to worry}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {about?}\i0
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What did you use to
make it}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {with?}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What is the report comprised}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {of ?}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Poor
Form}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Is the
extra-credit project over}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {with?}\i0
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Where is the
stadium}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {at?}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Where do you want to go}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {to?}\i0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx3600\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A N G
L I N G}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A R T I C I P L E S}\b0 \par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \*\tx2586\*\tx4573\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A N D}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {M}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {I S P L A C E
D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {M}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O D
I F I E R S}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Dangling
participles and misplaced modifiers, though sometimes difficult to recognize,
are}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {easily fixed by
rearranging word order. A}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {dangling participle}\b0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is a phrase or clause with
a}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {verb ending in}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-ing}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that does
not refer to the subject of the sentence it modifies. Since it
is}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {so critical that
your reader understand your point easily and exactly, dangling modifiers
(and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {indeed any
ambiguous language) must be avoided.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {While working on his English
assignment, Tony\uc1\u8217Xs computer crashed.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(Was the computer working on the
assignment?)}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {While Tony was working on his English
assignment, his computer}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {crashed.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Note that
correcting a dangling participle involves adding and/or rearranging the
words}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in a sentence
to make the meaning clear.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Incorrect}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {: While practicing outside with the
soccer team, the noisy construc-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tion job distracted Jim.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Correct:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {While Jim was practicing outside with the soccer
team, he was dis-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{tracted by the noisy construction job.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {OR}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The noisy construction job distracted Jim while he was
practicing outside with}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the soccer
team.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Mechanics}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {misplaced modifier}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is a word or phrase that describes something, but is
in the wrong}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {place
in the sentence. It isn\uc1\u8217Xt dangling; no extra words are needed; the
modifier is just in the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {wrong place. The danger of misplaced modifiers, as with
dangling modifiers, is that they}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {confuse meaning.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I had to have the cafeteria unlocked
meeting with student govern-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ment this morning.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
{Did the cafeteria meet with student government? To say exactly what is meant, the
mod-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ifying
phrase \uc1\u8220Xmeeting with student government\uc1\u8221X should be moved to the
beginning of the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{sentence.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Meeting with student government this morning, I had
to have the}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{cafeteria unlocked.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {NOUN AND
VERB AGREEMENT}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Nouns and verbs must agree in number, meaning a singular noun takes a singular
verb, and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a plural
noun takes a plural verb. To achieve subject-verb agreement, first
determine}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {whether
your subject is singular or plural, and then pair it with the correct verb
form.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Incorrect:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Tim and Fran}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a great couple.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Tim and Fran}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{are}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a great couple. (plural subject takes
plural verb)}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {One of my friends}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{are}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {going to your
school.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {One of my friends}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {going to
yourt school. (singular subject takes}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {singular verb)}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Agreement
may be difficult to determine when the noun follows the verb. Common
exam-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ples include
sentences that begin with}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {there is}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {there
are}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, and}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {here
is}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {here
are}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. When}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {editing your work, remember to first determine whether
your subject is singular or plural,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and then match it to the correct
verb.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {too many meetings scheduled on Tuesday
morning.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{are}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {too many meetings scheduled on Tuesday
morning.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Here }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {are}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the report you asked me to
write.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {: Here }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{is}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the report you asked me to
write.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {NOUN AND
VERB AGREEMENT CHECKLIST}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The more
complex the sentence, the more difficult it is to determine noun/verb
agree-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ment. Here
are some guidelines that may help you:}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-493\slmult0
{If a compound, singular subject is connected by}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{and}\i0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, the verb must be
plural.}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(Both the
10-speed}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {and}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{the hybrid}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {are}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{appropriate for the bike race.)}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-346\slmult0
{If a compound, singular subject is connected by}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{or}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{nor}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, the verb must be
sin-}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {gular.
(Neither the 10-speed}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {nor}\i0
{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the hybrid}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is}\i0 {
}\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {appropriate for a trail race,
however.)}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx2573\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u10004X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If one plural and one singular
subject are connected by}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {or}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {nor}\i0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, the verb agrees}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with the closest subject. (Neither a fast
bike}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {nor perfect trails are}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {going to help}\par\pard\li2573\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you to win if you do not
train.)}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
\*\tx4426\*\tx5893\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C T I V E V E R S U S}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A S S I V
E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {V}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O I C
E}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The active voice is much more effective in
conveying your personality through your essay.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Not only is the active voice clearer and
more direct, but it conveys your meaning more eas-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ily. In the active voice, you literally
become the source, or cause, of the action.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In the passive voice, the subject (most often}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {you}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) is acted
upon. Sentences written in the pas-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sive voice tend to be too wordy, or lack focus. For
these reasons, it should be used only when}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {necessary. The good news is that passive-voice errors
are easy to omit from your writing.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Compare these sentences:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Active:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My friend
asked for another helping.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Passive:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Another
helping was asked for by my friend.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Active:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I misplaced my
wallet.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Passive}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {: My wallet was misplaced by
me.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Active:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{The administration has selected three finalists for the open
position.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Passive:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Three finalists for the open position
have been selected by the admin-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {istration.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Note the
simplicity and directness of the first sentence in each pair. The second
sentences,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {written
in the passive voice, are clunky and noticeably longer.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \*\tx3613\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E N T E N C E}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T R U C T U R
400\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A complete sentence requires a noun and
verb, and expresses a fully developed thought.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The two most common mistakes at the
sentence level are extremes. Sentence fragments
stop}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Mechanics}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {too
quickly; they are phrases that are not whole thoughts. Run-on sentences
don\uc1\u8217Xt stop soon}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {enough; they include two complete clauses or
sentences.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {SENTENCE FRAGMENTS}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A sentence fragment is a group of words
that, although punctuated as a sentence, does not}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {express a complete thought. Fragments are
often missing a subject or verb, and may be}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dependent clauses. Fragments also can be phrases or
parts of other sentences.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
146\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Examples}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
333\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {At the zoo.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Cried a lot.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Can\uc1\u8217Xt go to the
store.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When we
finished the game.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {RUN-ON
SENTENCES}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A run-on
sentence is made up of two or more independent clauses or complete
sentences}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {placed
together into one sentence without proper punctuation.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{Examples}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {We
were hungry and John was tired so we had to stop at the first rest area
that}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {we
saw.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Kim studied hard for the test
that\uc1\u8217Xs why he got an A.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Patty took
flying lessons every Saturday so she couldn\uc1\u8217Xt go to the picnic and
she}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{couldn\uc1\u8217Xt go to the graduation party either but she has already signed up
for another}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {group
of flying lessons because she likes it so much.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Here are a
few ways to correct run-on sentences.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1. Break
up the run-on sentence into two or more complete
sentences.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2. Use a
comma and a conjunction (}\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {and, or, nor, for, so, but,
yet}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) to set apart an}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {independent
clause.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. Break up
the sentence by inserting a semi colon between two
clauses.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4. Use a
dash to separate parts of the sentence.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {5. Add a dependent clause (use words such as}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {because, after, since,}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {while}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {).}\fs22\cf1\f1\charscalex100
{\uc1\u916X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Mechanics }\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 4}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
\*\tx2813\*\tx3973\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {V}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E R B}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E N S E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H I F T S}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Unnecessary shifts from one tense to another sound
unskilled, and may obscure meaning.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {For instance, when describing an event in the past, all
verbs should be in the past tense. This}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {seems like an obvious point, but tense shifts account
for a large share of grammatical errors.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
146\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Examples}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When we finished our lunch,
we }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {decide}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to take
a walk.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx3000\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When we finished our lunch,
we }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {decided}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
take a walk.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Last year the governor said he}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {is campaigning}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{for our candidate.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Last year the governor said he}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {would campaign}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for our candidate.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {OR}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Last year the governor said he}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {was campaigning}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{for our candidate.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx3253\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O U B
L E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {N}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E
G AT I V E S}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The use of
double negatives is unnecessary and incorrect. As with verb tense shifts, the
use}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of two
negatives (such as \uc1\u8220XI won\uc1\u8217Xt never give up\uc1\u8221X) in a
sentence sounds incompetent, and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {obscures meaning. Eliminate them from your
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {We hardly never see movies.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {We hardly}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ever }\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see movies.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There aren\uc1\u8217Xt no tickets
left.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There
aren\uc1\u8217Xt }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {any}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tickets left.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Mary doesn\uc1\u8217Xt like neither
of those books.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Mary doesn\uc1\u8217Xt like}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {either}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of those
books.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Vegans don\uc1\u8217Xt eat dairy products nor
meat.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Vegans don\uc1\u8217Xt eat dairy
products}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {or}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{meat.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {TAKE NOTE}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There are
more negatives than just the obvious}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {no, not,
never, neither}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, and}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {nor.}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Remem-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ber that}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {hardly}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {barely}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are
negatives, too. If you are using those words, you have}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a negative, so you do not need to double
up.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
333\slmult0 \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {U
N C T U AT I O N}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Mechanics}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There are dozens of different punctuation marks in the
English language; those covered in}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {this section are the ones that present the most
challenges to their users. While the infor-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mation may seem simple, and has been taught to you
numerous times during your educa-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tion, it pays to review it. With proper
punc}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tuation your writing will be more polished
and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {technically
correct, and will convey your voice more directly.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
{THE APOSTROPHE}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Apostrophes (}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8217X}\b0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) are used to indicate ownership and to form
contractions. Eight rules cover}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {all of the situations in which they may
appear.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1. Add}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to form the singular possessive,
even when the noun ends in}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {s:}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {school\uc1\u8217Xs }\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{lunchroom needs to be cleaned.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{drummer\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {solo received a standing
ovation.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Mr.
Perkins\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {persuasive essay was very
convincing.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2. A few plurals not ending in}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {s}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {also form the
possessive by adding}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8217Xs:}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {children\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {toys were found in every room of the
house.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The line for
the}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {women\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {restroom was too long.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Men\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {shirts come in a variety of neck
sizes.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. Possessive plural nouns already ending
in}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {s}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {need only
the apostrophe added:}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{customers\uc1\u8217X}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {access codes are
confidential.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The}{
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {students\uc1\u8217X}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grades improved each
semester.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
flight}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {attendants\uc1\u8217X}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {uniforms were blue and
white.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4. Indefinite pronouns show ownership by
the addition of}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8217Xs:}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Everyone\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hearts were in the right
place.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Somebody\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dog was barking all
night.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {It was}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {no one\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fault that we lost the
game.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {5. Possessive pronouns never have
apostrophes, even though some may end in}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {s:}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Our}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {car is up for sale.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Your}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{garden is beautiful.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {His}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {handwriting is
difficult to read.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {6. Use an}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {\uc1\u8217Xs }\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
form the plurals of letters, figures, and numbers used as words,
as}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {well as certain
expressions of time and money. The expressions of time and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {money do not indicate ownership in the
usual
sense:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {She has a
hard time pronouncing}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {s\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My street address contains three}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {5\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {He packed a
week\uc1\u8217Xs worth of clothing.}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
i2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The project was the result of
a year\uc1\u8217Xs worth of work.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {7. Show
possession in the last word when using names of organizations and
busi-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nesses, in
hyphenated words, and in joint ownership:}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Sam and Janet\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {graduation was three months
ago.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I went to
visit my }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {great-grandfather\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {alma mater.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The Future Farmers of America\uc1\u8217Xs }\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {meeting was moved to Monday.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
{8. Apostrophes form contractions by taking the place of the missing letter or
num-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ber. Do not
use contractions in highly formal written presentations.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Poor form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{We\uc1\u8217Xre }\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {going out of town next
week.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Good
form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {We are}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{going out of town next week.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
form:}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {She\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {going to write the next
proposal.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Good
form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {She is}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{going to write the next proposal.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My supervisor was in the class of
\uc1\u8217X89.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Good form:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My supervisor was in the class of
1989.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {ITS VERSUS IT\uc1\u8217XS}\b0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Unlike most possessives,}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {its}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {does not
contain an apostrophe. The word}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {instead a contraction of the words}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it is}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. The
second}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {i}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is
removed, and replaced by}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an apostrophe.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When revising your writing, say the words}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it is}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {when you
come across}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {it\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {its}\i0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. If}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {they make sense, you should be using the contraction.
If they don\uc1\u8217Xt, you need the pos-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sessive form,}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{its}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, without an
apostrophe.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {THE COMMA}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Correct usage of commas
(}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {,}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) is not as
critical to the meaning of your sentences as it is with
other}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {punctuation
marks. However, they can be used to convey your voice as they speed up or
slow}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {down the pace
of your sentences. Consider the difference in tone of the following
example:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Sentence A:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {During my junior year, I attended a conference in
Washington,}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {D.C.,
where student delegates from every state presented their
ideas.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Mechanics}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Sentence
B:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {During my junior year I attended a conference
in Washington,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {D.C.
where student delegates from every state presented their
ideas.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Sentence A sounds more deliberate, giving a
little more information with each clause.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Sentence B reads quicker, conveying the information
faster and with equal weight on each}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {part.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In addition to helping to convey your voice and
personality, commas are often misused.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There are two common errors that all college-bound
students should be aware of: the comma}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {splice, and the serial comma.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Comma Splice}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A comma splice is the incorrect use of a
comma to connect two complete sentences. It cre-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ates a}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{run-on sentence}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. To correct a comma splice, you
can either:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {replace the comma with a period, forming two
sentences}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {replace the comma with a
semicolon}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {join the two clauses with a
conjunction such as}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {and, because}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, or }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {so}\i0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Comma splice:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Our
school received an award, we raised the most money for}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the local charity.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Corrected sentence:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Our school received an award. We raised the
most}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {money for the
local charity.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{OR}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Our school
received an award; we raised the most money for the local
charity.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{OR}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Our school
received an award because we raised the most money for the
local}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{charity.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Serial Comma}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A serial comma is the one used last in a
list of items, after the word }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {and}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. For instance, in the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {following example, the comma after}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {apples}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is the
serial comma:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {At the store, I bought bananas, apples, and
oranges.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The lack of a serial comma can cause
confusion. In the sentence,}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Cindy, Ann, and
Sally}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {were
hired to work in the college counselor\uc1\u8217Xs office}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, the message is straightforward. But if
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {serial comma is
dropped, it could be understood as Cindy being told that Ann and
Sally}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {were
hired.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Cindy, Ann and Sally were hired to work
in the college counselor\uc1\u8217Xs office.}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {While its
use has been debated for centuries, the serial comma clarifies the meaning
of}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sentences.
Therefore, you should use it consistently whenever writing a
list.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {THE COLON}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Colons (}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{:}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) appear at the end of a clause and can
introduce:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A list when the clause before the colon can stand as a
complete sentence on its}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {own}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Incorrect:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
classes he signed up for include: geometry, physics, Amer-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ican literature, and
religion.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {He signed up for four classes:
geometry, physics, American liter-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ature, and religion.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A
restatement or elaboration of the previous clause}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Shari is a talented hairdresser: she is also the mother
of two}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{children.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Shari is a talented hairdresser: she
attends a seminar each month}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and has been a professional for over twenty
years.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My teacher wasn\uc1\u8217Xt in class today: he
graduated Summa Cum Laude.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Correct:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My
teacher wasn\uc1\u8217Xt in class today: he had to fly to Houston to
pres-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ent a
paper.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Colons have the effect of sounding
authoritative. They present information more con-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fidently and forcefully than if the
sentence were}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 { divided in two other types of
punctuation}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {marks.
Consider the following:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My teacher
wasn\uc1\u8217Xt in class today: he had to fly to Houston to present a
paper.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My teacher
wasn\uc1\u8217Xt in class today. He had to fly to Houston to present a
paper.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The first example, with the colon, has the
tone that conveys, \uc1\u8220XI know why this happened,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and I am going to tell you.\uc1\u8221X It
sounds more authoritative. This can be effective in your
essay,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {but because
you never want to appear pompous, it should be used
sparingly.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {THE SEMICOLON}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Semicolons (}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{;}\b0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) may be used in two ways: to separate
independent clauses,and to separate the items}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in a list when those items contain
commas.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Mechanics}\i0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use semicolons to separate
independent clauses.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Case:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use a
semicolon to separate independent clauses joined without a}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {conjunction.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Four people worked on the project; only one received
credit for it.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Case:}\b0 \tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use a semicolon to separate independent
clauses that contain com-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mas, even if the clauses are joined by a
conjunction.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Example:}\b0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The strays were malnourished, dirty,
and ill; but Liz had a weak-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ness for kittens, so she adopted them
all.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Case:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Use a semicolon to separate independent clauses that are
connected}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with a
conjunctive adverb that expresses a relationship between
clauses.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx3386\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Example:}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Victoria was absent frequently;
therefore, she received a low}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grade.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use semicolons to separate items in a
series that contain commas.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Case:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use a
semicolon to show which sets of items go together.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Examples:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The dates for our meetings are Monday, January 10;
Tuesday,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {April 14;
Monday, July 7; and Tuesday, October 11.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {She has lived in Omaha, Nebraska; Nutley, New Jersey;
Amherst, Massachu-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{setts; and Pensacola, Florida.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A P I T A L I
Z AT I O N}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Capitalization is necessary both for specific words and to start sentences and
quotes. How-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ever,
many writers overuse it, and thus appear overly casual. There are just six
occasions}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that
require capitalization:}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1. the
first word of a sentence}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2. proper nouns (names of people, places, and
things)}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. the
first word of a complete quotation, but not a partial
quotation}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4. the
first, last, and any other important words of a title}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {5. languages}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {6. the pronoun}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, and any
contractions made with
it}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\par
d\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E V I E W}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{Pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions are the most challenging
parts}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of speech,
accounting for a majority of usage errors. Learn the common
errors}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to eliminate
them from your writing.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
dangling participle is a phrase or clause, using a verb ending in}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {-ing}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{that}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {does not
refer to the subject of the sentence it modifies. A misplaced
modifier}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is a word
or phrase that describes something, but is in the wrong place in
the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sentence. Both
create ambiguity and can change the meaning of a sentence.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Nouns and verbs must agree in number, meaning a
singular noun takes a sin-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {gular verb, and a plural noun takes a plural
verb.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs10\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The active voice is not only clearer
and more direct, but it conveys your mean-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing more easily. Use it instead of the passive voice
whenever possible.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Avoid the two most common mistakes at the sentence level: sentence
frag-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ments and
run-on sentences. Be certain each sentence contains one
complete}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{thought.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Be consistent with verb tenses. Do
not shift from one tense to another unless}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it is necessary.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{The use of double negatives is unnecessary and redundant. As with verb
tense}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {shifts, the
use of two negatives (such as \uc1\u8220XI won\uc1\u8217Xt never give
up\uc1\u8221X) in a sentence}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sounds incompetent and can obscure
meaning.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Proper punctuation makes your essay
mo}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {re polished and technically
correct,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and it
helps to convey your voice.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{There are six occasions that require capitalization. Using capitalization in
any}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {other way can
make your writing appear too casual, or even
sloppy.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
td\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs74\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Revising, Editing,}\i0 \par\pard\li4520\ri0\sl-
773\slmult0 \fs72\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {and Proofreading}\i0
ddfr3
pard\li0\ri0\sl-1013\widctlpar\intbl \fs94\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {M}\b0
10000 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {any writers
are tempted to skip the revising, editing, and proofreading steps,
feel-}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing
intimidated by the thought of reworking their writing, and hoping their
essays}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are
\uc1\u8220Xgood enough.\uc1\u8221X This chapter makes it easier to polish your
essay by
following}\cell\row}\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn133\cols2\colno1\colw9626\colsr-0\colno2\colw1813\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {simple guidelines. It includes many ideas
that can quickly improve the quality of your writ-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing, even if you feel your rough draft is
close to perfect. There is no excuse for submitting}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an essay that is not the very best writing
you are capable of.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Once you have a rough draft of your essay, you can begin to transform it into a
polished}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {piece of
writing. The polishing process consists of three steps: revising, editing, and
proof-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reading.
Think of them as using different strengths of magnifying glasses to your essay.
Revi-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sion looks at
your essay through a lens that lets you see it as a whole; you will pay
attention}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to the
largest issues involved in its crafting. Have you addressed the topic? Is there a
logical}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {flow to
your ideas or story? Is each paragraph necessary and properly
placed?}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Editing
takes a closer look at your writing, through a stronger lens that highlights
words}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and
sentences. Are your word choices appropriate and fresh? Are there any repetitive or
awk-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ward sentences
or phrases? Finally, the proofreading step puts your essay under the
strongest}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lens. You
will check}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {within}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {each word for errors in spelling and correct any
other mechan-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ics
mistakes, such as grammar and punctuation.}\par\pard\li2186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx6120\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Revising, Editing, and Proofreading}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 5}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Revising, Editing, and Proofreading}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Also
included in this chapter are professional writers\uc1\u8217X and editors\uc1\u8217X
tricks to help you with}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {revising, editing, and proofreading. You will learn how
the pros find and correct mistakes}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {using the power of their word processors, and discover
other ideas that help you locate errors}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that spell checks and grammar checks might
miss.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-
{H}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O W T O}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E V I S
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The revision process can seem overwhelming.
From the Latin}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {revisere}\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, meaning to visit or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {look at again, revising involves a general
examination of your writing. You need to look at}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your entire essay with fresh eyes and ears,
checking to see if you have achieved your goal,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and if any sections of the essay need
improving.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When
followed in order, these four revision strategies will help you clean up your
essay}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and prepare
it for editing and proofreading.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{1.}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Put down your essay, and do not look at it
for at least one day before revising.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Masha Zager, a professional writer, says,
\uc1\u8220Xafter I complete a first draft, I wait for}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {two or three days before looking at it
again. If I try to revise it too soon, I miss all}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {kinds of errors. A couple of days away
gives me a \uc1\u8216Xfresh eye\uc1\u8217X that\uc1\u8217Xs almost as
good}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {as having
another person read my work.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {2.}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Read
it through once, imagining you are reading it for the first time. Editor
Jen}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Ballinger even
suggests reading it aloud. She notes, \uc1\u8220Xit\uc1\u8217Xs amazing what you
can}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {catch that
didn\uc1\u8217Xt \uc1\u8216Xsound\uc1\u8217X funny or awkward when you were reading
it silently.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {High school senior Liz Abernathey waited a few weeks
before rereading her rough}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {draft. \uc1\u8220XWhen I took it out again, I saw some
things that could be changed that I}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hadn\uc1\u8217Xt seen before. Putting the essay away
for a while, and returning to it with fresh}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {eyes, was very helpful. I recommend it to everyone
who\uc1\u8217Xs writing an essay.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {3.}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Note
your reactions to the essay, and answer the following:}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Does the content of your essay address or match the
topic? (see Chapter 6)}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Will your essay help you stand out? Is it memorable and
interesting?}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Would any reader(s) understand everything you have written, or are
some}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {points in need
of clarification? (C}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hapter 2 deals with
clarity)}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2546\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Is the introduction a good
\uc1\u8220Xhook\uc1\u8221X that draws the reader into the essay,
or}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {could it be
eliminated? (see Chapter 6)}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Does the first paragraph include a clear thesis statement and touch on
the}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {major points of
the essay?}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2546\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Does your writing flow? Does it
follow a logical progression, with each}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {paragraph and point made in the right
place?}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2546\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Are the points you make supported by
examples and details, and are all of}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the details necessary?}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Does your writing strike the right balance between
formality and
informality?}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margr
sxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Revising, Editing, and Proofreading }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Does your conclusion make sense after
the preceding paragraphs? Is it}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {strong, or just a wrap-up of what you have already
said? (Chapter 6)}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {4.}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Make
any necessary modifications, and be willing to add and/or remove
writing}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that
isn\uc1\u8217Xt working. By revising on the computer, it is simple to make changes,
see}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {if they improve
the essay, and then save the changes or try again. For example,
if}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a point is not
made clearly and directly, or if it is too general, insert a phrase or
a}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sentence to clear
it up.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Compare: I stay in shape for my
sports teams all year.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{With: I stay physically active during }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the year. I
play football and basketball,}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and in the off-season run and lift
weights.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The first sentence is vague, and tells very
little about the author. By adding the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {types of teams, and the specific things the writer does
to stay in shape, year-round,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the reader better understands the point, and the
writer.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In other
instances, your point may get lost if you go off on a tangent, or
include}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {information
that doesn\uc1\u8217Xt support it. In this case, you should delete the
unnecessary}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words,
phrases, or sentences. In the following example, a sentence about green
tea}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {simply clutters
the paragraph. Compare the revised sentences to see how
the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {author
tightened up her essay.}\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The day
after that, I walked over to my neighbor\uc1\u8217Xs house and
discussed}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with her
the history of her property. She made us some green tea,
which}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {really hit
the spot on such a chilly, fall day. During the course of our
dis-}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cussion I
found out that in the early nineteen hundreds the land was
part}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of the
sprawling Mitchell dairy farm.}\par\pard\li2853\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The next day, I walked over to my neighbor\uc1\u8217Xs
house and discussed}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{with her the history of her property; it turned out that in the early
nine-}\par\pard\li2613\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {teen hundreds
the land was part of the sprawling Mitchell dairy farm.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \*\tx3266\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O W T O}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D I T}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
{When you edit, you read through each paragraph of your essay a number of times,
paying}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {careful
attention to your sentences and the words that comprise them. While some
people}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {can edit
effectively on the computer, many others work better on a hard copy. Unlike
revis-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing, which
entails the possible reworking of large parts of your essay, editing is a word-
by-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {word and
sentence-by-sentence task. Taking pencil to paper may help you focus more
closely}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on the
pieces that make up your essay, rather than the work as a
whole.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {As you
read the hard copy of your essay, pencil in hand, circle any problems as
you}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {encounter them.
You might also want to make a quick note in the margin with an idea
or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {two about how to
improve the problem(s). Ask yourself the following
questions:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do I repeat myself? Rework your point so that you say
it well the first time}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and remove any repetitious words and
phrases.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do I have enough details? Look
through your essay for generalities and make}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {them more specific.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Do I reinforce each point with a concrete and/or personal
example?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Is my sentence structure varied?
Sentences should not be the same length, nor}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {should they be repetitive in any other way, such as all
beginning with \uc1\u8220XI.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Are there any clich�s or other types of overused
language?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do I use the active voice whenever
possible?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Are there too many or too few
adjectives and adverbs?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Are verb tenses consistent?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Is the antecedent for every pronoun clear?}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {After you
have read through your essay a few times and highlighted any areas that
need}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {improving,
focus on one problem at a time. For instance, if you find that you have used
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {passive voice
too often, review the section on active versus passive voice in Chapter 4
(page}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {45). Then,
rework your problem areas as the writer did on the following sentences.
Note}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the freshness
and originality of the second example as compared to the
first:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A moving speech was made by our principal,
and there was much grief and love}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {expressed in the tears of Al\uc1\u8217Xs
friends.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I listen to our principal make a moving
speech, and then see Al\uc1\u8217Xs friends break}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {down as they try to express their love and
grief for him.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you
find too much unoriginal language, review the section on clich�s found in
Chap-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ter 3.
Replace any overused phrases and images with fresh words that are uniquely your
own.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {For example,
the following sentence is stale and boring. It even seems self-conscious of
this}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fact as the
phrase \uc1\u8220Xbehind the scenes\uc1\u8221X is in quotation
marks:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My interest in an accounting career was
inspired predominantly by my parents\uc1\u8217X}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {business. Throughout my childhood I was exposed to
the \uc1\u8220Xbehind the scenes\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {aspect of operating a small family business, and took
great interest in the finan-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cial component of the
operations.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Here, the writer reworked the sentences,
making them more personal and original. They}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {follow the advice of showing rather than simply
telling, using sensory images to bring
the}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reader
into the scene (see Chapter 2 for a review of pinpointing, or replacing vague
lan-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {guage with
words and phrases that are more specific).}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Some of my
earliest memories are of sitting behind the counter in my family\uc1\u8217Xs
feed}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {store. I would
listen to the ring of the cash register, and watch as my mother
care-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fully entered
the sale in a large book. I became fascinated with the rows of
num-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{bers\uc1\u8212Xa fascination that continues to this day as I plan a career in
accounting.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The goal of editing is to make certain your
essay works well on the sentence and word}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {level. By checking and correcting your writing this
closely, you will eliminate words and phrases}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that don\uc1\u8217Xt work, as well as
unnecessary verb tense shifts, and confusing pronoun usage.
Your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {writing will
be fresh, original, and clear, and there will be enough variation to keep
your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {audience
interested.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {STYLE GUIDES}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{Writers and editors use style guides to help maintain consistency, and to conform
to}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {formatting
standards. These guides explain everything from how to write a
bibliogra-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {phy to
how to indent paragraphs and when to use commas. The three most
popular}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and
frequently used style guides are the MLA (Modern Language
Association),}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Chicago Manual of Style, and APA (American Psychological Association). If you
have}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not been
directed to use one of these guides (or a similar one), you may consult
one}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to answer any
style questions that come up during the editing process.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In addition to using existing style guides,
some writers and editors create their own}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {style sheets that are specific to the project they are
working on. These sheets are sim-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ply lists of key words and phrases that are repeated in
the writing. For instance, if your}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essay is about former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir
Bhutto, you want to be sure}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you spell her name correctly each time it appears.
Including it on a style guide gives}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you an easy reference.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You might also include the following on a
style sheet:}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {specific grammar points}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {spellings}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{abbreviations}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{dates}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {references}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {weights and
measures}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\*\tx4333\*\tx6640\*\tx8013\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R O F E S S I O N A L}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E V I S I O N A N
D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D I
T I N G}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{R I C K S}\b0 { }\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {\uc1\u8212X}\b0
\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx4813\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A R N E S S I N G T H E}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O W E R O
F}\b0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2920\*\tx4053\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Y}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O U R}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {W}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O R D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R O C E S S O R}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
{Making large and small changes to your essay may seem frightening at first: what
if you don\uc1\u8217Xt}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {like what you have changed, and want to go back to your
original form? Your word proces-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sor can make it easy when you understand how to use it
to your advantage. The directions}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {below show you how to employ some of the many features
of your word processing pro-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {gram that can help you revise and
edit.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When you have
reread your essay and have an idea of the changes you want, or think
you}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {want to make,
you can begin to add, delete, correct, and move text around. By using
{\uc1\u8220XTrack Changes\uc1\u8221X feature of your word processor, you can see
what you have changed, and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {have the opportunity to save or undo your
changes.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-
{T}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R A C K}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H A N G E
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Track Changes involves two different
functions. One allows you to see what you are doing}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to the text as you revise and edit. The
other lets you compare the \uc1\u8220Xnew\uc1\u8221X version to the
orig-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {inal
document. Therefore, the first step in using this feature is to copy your essay
into a new}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{document, creating a version that you can change and compare to the original
(which is}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {saved as
a backup). To turn on the track chang}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {es feature, click
on \uc1\u8220Xtools,\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220Xtrack
changes,\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{then \uc1\u8220Xhighlight changes.\uc1\u8221X Select \uc1\u8220Xtrack changes
while editing\uc1\u8221X and \uc1\u8220Xhighlight changes
on}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{screen\uc1\u8221X to see the feature at work while you revise and edit. You may
also want to check \uc1\u8220Xhigh-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {light changes in printed document\uc1\u8221X if you
will work from a hard copy of your essay. \uc1\u8220XHigh-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {light changes\uc1\u8221X must be checked if
you wish to see the changes tracked as you make them.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The next step is to choose how you want
track changes to work for you. Open the \uc1\u8220Xwork-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing\uc1\u8221X version of your essay, then
click on \uc1\u8220XTo}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ols,\uc1\u8221X
\uc1\u8220XOptions,\uc1\u8221X and \uc1\u8220XTrack Changes.\uc1\u8221X You
will}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see four
categories for which you can choose op}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tions. The box
below explains each
function.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Inserted text}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Deleted
text}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {An underline
is the default. You may change it to bold,}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {italics, or double underline. Choose a specific
color}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(rather than the
default \uc1\u8220Xby author\uc1\u8221X) to mark all inserted}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {text in that color.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The default is strikethrough (a line going
through the}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {word(s)
you remove). If you select Hidden, the deleted}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {text can be shown or hidden with the Show/Hide
but-}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ton on the
Standard toolbar. To prevent the deleted text}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from appearing on the screen, select the ^ or
#}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{symbol.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
33\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx4373\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Changed
Formatting}\b0 \tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XNone\uc1\u8221X is the
default. If you want to show any changes}\par\pard\li4373\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you make in formatting, select bold, italic,
underline,}\par\pard\li4373\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or
double-underline
formatting.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Changed Lines}\b0
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The default is
outside border. Every paragraph that has}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a change shows a revision mark next to it. You can
have}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {these marks
appear on the left, right, or outside
borders.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Once you have revised and edited your
essay, go back to the top of your document. Click}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on
\uc1\u8220Xtools,\uc1\u8221X\uc1\u8220Xtrack changes,\uc1\u8221X and
\uc1\u8220Xaccept or reject changes.\uc1\u8221X Viewing options in this
dialogue}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {box
are: \uc1\u8220Xchanges with highlighting,\uc1\u8221X\uc1\u8220Xchanges without
highlighting,\uc1\u8221X or \uc1\u8220Xoriginal.\uc1\u8221X You
will}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be led to each
change, with the option of accepting or rejecting it.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \*\tx2906\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D I T I N G}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{O}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P T I O N S}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
{Click on \uc1\u8220Xtools,\uc1\u8221X click on \uc1\u8220Xoptions,\uc1\u8221X
click on \uc1\u8220Xe}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {diting.\uc1\u8221X There are
eight editing options to choose}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from; four are pertinent to your
essay.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
146\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Typing replaced}\b0
\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {selection}\b0
\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Drag-and-drop}\b0
\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {text
editing}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Use
smart cut}\b0 \par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {and
paste}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs14\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {When
selecting,}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Turn this
function on to highlight text to be removed,}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {then type new text which will replace
it.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This is perfect
for moving words, phrases, and even}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {paragraphs around in your essay. Highlight text to
be}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {moved, hold down
left mouse button, move cursor to}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {new location, and release the button to move the
text.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Word
automatically adjusts the spacing around deleted}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or inserted text when this function is
on.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Click once
anywhere on a word to select the
whole}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
pard\li2133\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx4373\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {automatically
selects}\b0 \tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {word.}\par\pard\li2133\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {entire word}\b0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\*\tx3346\*\tx5000\*\tx6480\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H}\b0
{M}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O V E O R}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H A N G
E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E X
T}\b0 \par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx3773\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{U}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S I N G T H E}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {M}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O U S E}\b0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {To edit existing text you must first select the text
that you would like to change. While every-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one familiar with basic word processing functions knows
how to highlight using the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mouse, there are a number of ways to select text that
can save you time and prevent mis-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {takes. To select:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a
single character: click and hold down the mouse button, then drag
across}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the
character.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a single word: double-click on the
word.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one or more complete lines of text:
move the cursor to the left side of the win-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dow until it turns into a right-pointing arrow. Click
and hold the mouse but-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ton while dragging through the lines you want to
select.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a sentence: hold down the control key
(\uc1\u8220Xctrl\uc1\u8221X), and click anywhere within
{sentence.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a paragraph: triple-click anywhere
within }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it, or move the cursor to the left
side}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of the window
until it turns into a }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {right-pointing arrow and double-
click.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {multiple paragraphs: move the cursor
to the left side of the window until it}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {turns into a right-pointing
arrow, }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {double-click but hold down the mouse
but-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ton on the
second click. Drag up or down to select the desired
paragraphs.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a vertical block of text: hold down
the control key (\uc1\u8220Xctrl\uc1\u8221X) and drag across
the}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {desired
text.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the entire document: move the cursor
to the left side of the window until it}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {turns into a right-pointing arrow and triple-click, or
choose \uc1\u8220Xselect all\uc1\u8221X from}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the \uc1\u8220Xedit\uc1\u8221X
menu.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Once you have selected text, there are a
number of ways to manipulate it.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Change
text}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Begin typing new text; old will be
replaced.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
360\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Delete text}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Press the \uc1\u8220Xdelete\uc1\u8221X
key.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{OR}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Select \uc1\u8220Xcut\uc1\u8221X from
the \uc1\u8220Xedit\uc1\u8221X menu.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Move
text}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use the \uc1\u8220Xedit\uc1\u8221X
menu to \uc1\u8220Xcut\uc1\u8221X or \uc1\u8220Xcopy\uc1\u8221X the text. Next,
click once at the desired}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {location and select \uc1\u8220Xpaste\uc1\u8221X from
the \uc1\u8220Xedit\uc1\u8221X
menu.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Hold down the left mouse button while
on the highlighted text, and move the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cursor to the desired location. Then, release the
button. This is known as \uc1\u8220Xdrag}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and drop.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Change case}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In the \uc1\u8220Xformat\uc1\u8221X menu, click on
change case, select the desired change, and}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {click on
\uc1\u8220Xok.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {HOW TO
MOVE OR CHANGE TEXT}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{USING KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Keyboard shortcuts are favored by professional editors,
primarily because they are faster}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {than using the mouse. They are simply combinations of
keys that manipulate text. Short-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cuts are listed in the word processing
program\uc1\u8217Xs help files, and may be searched or
printed.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {To find
them:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Press F1 (the shortcut key for
Help).}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Click on the
\uc1\u8220XIndex\uc1\u8221X tab.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{In the field labeled \uc1\u8220Xtype the first few letters\uc1\u8221X type
\uc1\u8220XShortcut keys\uc1\u8221X or \uc1\u8220XKey-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {board
shortcuts.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
list of topics will appear; double-clic}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {k on the one
that seems closest to the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {topic.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{You may also click on \uc1\u8220Xviewing and printing shortcut keys\uc1\u8221X to
get the entire}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{list, and print it for easy reference.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A Few
Helpful Shortcuts:}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1. To
highlight words, press \uc1\u8220Xcontrol\uc1\u8221X and
\uc1\u8220Xshift\uc1\u8221X simultaneously, and while
holding}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {them down,
press an arrow key to move the highlighting to the left or
right.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2. To change
case, press shift + F3.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. To find and replace, use ctrl + f and ctrl + h,
respectively.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4. To
delete a word, hit ctrl + del.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {5. To move text, use F2.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {6. To save changes, press ctrl +
s.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
253\slmult0 \*\tx3266\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H}\b0
{P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R O O F R E A D}\b0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Good proofreading involves far more than a simple run
of spell and grammar check on your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {computer. In fact, those programs are not fool-proof,
and therefore a reliance on them alone}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to find your errors is a mistake. However, they are not
a bad place to start. Reread the advice}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for using spell check in Chapter 3 (page 36), and read
the following guidelines for using}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {computer grammar
tools.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {GRAMMAR CHECK TOOLS}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{CHAPTER 5}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Revising, Editing, and
Proofreading}\i0
i1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You should always use a
grammar check program on your writing. Grammar check can
find}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {possible
errors, draw your attention to them, and suggest
corrections.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
settings on these programs may be changed to check for only those elements
that}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you specify;
check for specific styles of writing, such as formal, standard, casual, and
tech-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nical; and
check for errors as you type, or when you are finished.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {GRAMMAR
CHECK SETTINGS}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {To modify
the grammar check settings in Microsoft Word, open a blank document
and:}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-
240\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1. Click on \uc1\u8220XTools\uc1\u8221X on
the toolbar at the top.}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2. Select
\uc1\u8220XOptions.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. Click on the \uc1\u8220XSpelling and
Grammar\uc1\u8221X tab.}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4. Click on \uc1\u8220XSettings\uc1\u8221X in the lower
grammar section.}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {5.
Read the list of options, and select those you want grammar check to look
for}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {6. Click on
\uc1\u8220XOK.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
333\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Although you should always use grammar
check, you should not rely on it completely.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Grammar programs make mistakes, both by missing errors,
and by flagging \uc1\u8220Xerrors\uc1\u8221X that}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are actually correct. In fact, there
have }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {been a number of studies done comparing the
effec-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tiveness of
various programs, and they perform about the same (fair to
poor).}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The first
problem, missing errors, is illustrated by the following examples. A
grammar}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {check on
the following sentence did pick up the subject/verb agreement error
(}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I is}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {), but
did}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not notice the
participle error (}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I studying}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {).}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I is ready
to take the exam after I studying my notes and the
textbook.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Similarly, the punctuation problems in the
following sentence were not flagged.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
recipe, calls for fifteen ingredients and, takes too long to
prepare.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When grammar check does highlight an error,
be aware that it may, in fact, be correct.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {But if your knowledge of grammar is limited, you will
not know whether to accept gram-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mar check\uc1\u8217Xs corrections. To further
complicate matters, you may be offered more than one}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {possible correction, and will be asked to
choose between them. Unless you are familiar enough}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with the specific problem, this may be no
more than a guess. It is important to understand}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the type of error highlighted, and get more
information if you are not sure about it. Con-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sult the grammar advice in Chapter 4, as
well as the resources listed at the end of the
book.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {BEYOND
SPELL AND GRAMMAR CHECKS}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When proofreading, use the professional tricks in the
box below, and consider the follow-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing list. If you have any questions about
possib}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {le grammar, punctuation, or spelling
errors,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {look them
up}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. Consult the resources at the end of this book
for great ideas for online help}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and books that can answer your
questions.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Did you use any words incorrectly (check the lists of
commonly confused and}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {misused words on pages
22\uc1\u8211X26)?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{When using quotation marks, did you place all sentence-ending
punctuation}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {inside
them?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Did you use exclamation points only
in dialogue?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Is there a good balance of contractions (not too few or too
many)?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do all subjects and verbs
agree?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Are there any double negatives? (see
page 47)}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Are all apostrophes used
correctly, }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {especially when forming
possessives?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Do any lists of items contain mistakes in parallel
structure?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Have all hyphenated and compound
words been used correctly?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {PROFESSIONAL PROOFREADING TRICKS}\b0
\*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Take
your time.}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Studies show that waiting at least
twenty minutes before proof-}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reading your work can increase your likelihood of
finding errors. Get up from your}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {computer, take a break, or move on to some other task,
and then come back to}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your writing.}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Read
backward.}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Go through your writing from the last
word to the first, focus-}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing on each individual word, rather than on the
context.}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{3.}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Ask for help.}\b0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A pair of fresh eyes may find mistakes that you have
overlooked}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dozens
of times; and one or more of your colleagues may be better at
finding}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {spelling
and grammar errors than you are.}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {4.}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Go under
cover.}\b0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Print out a draft copy of your writing,
and read it with a blank}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {piece of paper over it, revealing just one sentence at
a time. This technique will}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {encourage a careful line-by-line
edit.}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{5.}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Watch the speed limit.}\b0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {No matter which proofreading technique(s) you use,
slow}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {down. Reading
at your normal speed will not give you enough time to spot
errors.}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{6.}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Know thyself.}\b0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Keep track of the kinds of errors you typically
make. Common}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{spelling errors can be caught by spell check if you add the word or words to
the}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {spell check
dictionary. When you know what you are looking for, you are
more}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {likely to find
it.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
333\slmult0 \*\tx1080\*\tx2106\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {F}\b0
}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E V I E W}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{CHAPTER 5}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Revising, Editing, and
Proofreading}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Finish your essay by revising, editing, and
proofreading. Follow these guidelines:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Put away your essay for at least 24
hours before beginning the revision}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {process.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Read through your entire essay as objectively as possible. Is it
interesting?}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Does
it relate to the topic or answer the question?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Check to see if your essay flows. Does each point you
make or idea you intro-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {duce follow the previous one
well?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Print out a hard copy of your essay
for editing.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Check for ideas and details: are there enough? Do they support your
point?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Make sure your writing is fresh.
Eliminate repetition, clich�s, and passive}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {language.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Use the powerful functions of your word processor to help you with
revising}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and
editing.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Proofread your essay carefully for
any errors in grammar, spelling, punctua-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tion, and capitalization.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do not rely on computer spell check and grammar check
programs to find all}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{of your mistakes.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Follow the professional proofreading tricks to eliminate all
errors.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs74\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Untimed Essay}\i0 \par\pard\li4333\ri0\sl-773\slmult0
\fs74\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Writing Strategies}\i0 \par\pard\li1546\ri0\sl-
ddfr3
pard\li0\ri0\sl-1013\widctlpar\intbl \fs90\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0
10013 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ollege
application essays and high school exit essays have much in common.
They}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are both
high stakes assignments that help determine your future course. It
is}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {important
to write to the best of your ability, within the guidelines of the essay.
Most}\cell\row}\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
213\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of this chapter applies to both types of
essays, even if some material seems geared only toward}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {college admissions. Learning how to
approach these essays, instead of jumping into writ-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing as if it were a regular high school
assignment, is vital to your score.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Thousands of secondary schools require a senior exit
essay in order for a student to be}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {eligible for graduation. Unfortunately, few
of }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {them follow the same format. They vary
greatly}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in timing
of the assignment, length, and choice of topic. Some schools assign an essay of
a}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {few hundred
words, while others expect ten pages (approximately 2,000 words) or
more.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Topics could
be personal and reflective, or strictly academic. It is vital that you gather all
of}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the information
you can about every requirem}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ent before beginning your
essay. A great ben-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{efit of the exit essay is proximity to those who can help you. Take advantage of
the fact that}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {those
who will score your essay are right in your school. If you have any questions, you
can}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {easily get
answers.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {College
admissions essays are different. They are read and judged by strangers. If you
have}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {questions, it
might be difficult to get an answer from the admissions committee. But
enough}\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx6120\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Untimed Essay Writing Strategies }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER
6}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Untimed Essay Writing Strategies}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {schools
have spoken out about what makes a great essay that it is relatively easy to
under-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stand what
readers are looking for. The most important thing to remember is
that,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {regardless of
the topic, college admissions essays must be personal. The goal of the essay
is}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {not simply to
show off your writing skills, but to tell the admissions committee
something}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {about you
that will make them choose you. You are selling yourself. In order to do that
best,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you must
begin by getting the applications you intend to submit either by mail or
online.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Read
through the directions, noting submission deadlines, lengths, and topics. Begin
think-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing about
what you could say about yourself that would convince an admissions officer
that}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you are right
for that school.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx3946\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {L}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O N
G}\b0 { }\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {-}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T E R
M}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {I M
I N G}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Exit and college admissions essays should
never be written at the last minute. It takes time}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to decide on a topic (if you are given a
choice); choose an approach; organize your thoughts;}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {write a rough draft; revise, edit, and
proofread; and complete a final draft. The more time}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you spend on your essay, the greater your
chances of success, especially if you do not con-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sider yourself a strong
writer.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Many
schools begin the exit essay process in September. This is also the
recommended}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {month
to start college admissions essays. Make an appointment on your calendar each
week}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for work on
your essay. You might spend the first few sessions exploring the topics, if
you}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {have a choice.
Read the section in this chapter that explains what the topics require and
how}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {best to
approach them. Then, move into prewriting, using one or more of the
strategies}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{explained in Chapter 1. Once you know what you want to write about, you can begin
a rough}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{draft.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {By the
beginning of November, college admissions essays should be ready for
revising,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {editing,
and proofreading. Exit essays are due at different times, but schedule at least a
few}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {weeks to work
on your rough draft. Use Chapter 5 as a guide for these processes. When
you}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {finish
proofreading, complete your final draft and prepare it for submission at least a
few}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {days before it
is due. Long-term planning helps you finish on time, takes some of the
stress}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {out of the
writing process, and improves your chances of getting a high
score.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-
{P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R E W R I T I N G}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T R AT E G I E
400\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Any of the six prewriting strategies
explained in Chapter 1 can work well for exit essays and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {college admissions essays. But if your
essay is personal, consider exploring your real sub-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ject first. Since that subject is
you\uc1\u8212Xyour thoughts, experiences, likes and dislikes\uc1\u8212Xit is
wise}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to look inward
with two great techniques: journaling and taking
inventory.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2293\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Untimed
Essay Writing Strategies }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER
{JOURNALING}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
i1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Keeping a journal might seem
like an odd advice, unrelated to the major task you have
to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {accomplish, but
it is actually a great way to begin your essay, for two important
reasons.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {First,
your journal will sound like you, written in an authentic voice that should need
very}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {few
adjustments when applied to the essay. Rachel Klein, a college counselor at Milton
Acad-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {emy in
Milton, Massachusetts, advises her students to keep journals to help with essay
writ-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing because
journals \uc1\u8220Xgive them back their own words.\uc1\u8221X Journals, Klein
says, are like \uc1\u8220Xyour}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mind coming out on paper.\uc1\u8221X When you are
writing your essay, you can use the journal as a}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reference for tone and word choices that
convey your authentic voice.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The second reason for keeping a journal is that, as
written with the journal prompts pro-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {vided on page 70, it can be a great source of ideas. In
your journal, you can write about what}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is important to you, your goals and aspirations, your
values, and your take on everything}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from popular culture to current events. Coupled with
the information you gather in your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {personal inventory, a journal is the perfect raw data
from which to begin the essay writing}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {process.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Journaling doesn\uc1\u8217Xt have to be elaborate, or
time consuming. Take a minimum of five min-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {utes a day to write or type something personal. To
journal successfully, it must become a}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {habit. In order to do that, you need to make the
process as simple and painless as possible.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Think about your habits, and which of the two
journaling options best suits them. You can}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {write in a book you have designated as your journal, or
you can make journal entries on}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your computer, either in word processing documents, or
in one of the many new online}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {journal sites.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you are writing, get a journal that is small enough
to carry with you everywhere you}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {go. When inspiration hits, you will be ready.
Can\uc1\u8217Xt get started? Pick a time and place to
write}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in your
journal each day. If you are typing, set aside a specific time to journal. Open
your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {journal
document before going online to avoid distractions. Stick with it for the
allotted}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {time
period.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you are
considering an online journal, visit www.blogger.com and/or
www.livejour-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{nal.com to see how they are set up. Some sites require you to type entries while
online, and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {others
have downloadable diaries that may be added to at any time. A potential
problem}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with these
types of sites is the distractions. There are other diarist\uc1\u8217Xs entries to
read, software}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
play around with, and features such as uploading pictures that can keep you from
your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {real task. If
you can\uc1\u8217Xt get right down to work, choose a handwritten or simple word
pro-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cessing
journal.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Consider
trying some of the following prompts to shake up an existing journal, or
to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {get you started
on a new one. If you are new to journaling, find some paper, or open
a}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {word processor
document, and write about yourself, the world as you see it, a good
thing}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that happened
today, a bad thing that happened today. The subjects are limitless,
but}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {remember to
keep it about}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {you}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{. Use the following prompts to help you if you are stuck,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or want some direction for your
writing.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Write a letter to someone who has
had a significant influence on you.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use
as}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {many details as
possible to }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {show}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
rather than}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {tell}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
why they are so important to}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Choose a current event and discuss its importance to you.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Be as personal as}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {possible: how has the event changed your
thinking? How does it make you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {feel? How has it impacted your daily life or your
future plans?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Describe a risk you took, and what you gained or lost by taking it.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Did you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {learn something about yourself or the world? Are you a
changed person}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{because you took the risk? Was it worth it?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Choose a work of creativity (visual, musical, literary, scientific) that is of}\b0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {particular
importance to you.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {How has it influenced you?
Describe it in great}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{detail and remember to keep it personal.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Tell about a travel experience that affected you somehow.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Recount the expe-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rience as specifically as possible, using
the five senses to detail it.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Describe a ritual you perform often that has meaning to you.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Think small.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do you meditate while setting the table? Listen to a
certain kind of music}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {while studying or reading? Cook something for yourself
when you are stressed}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {out? Don\uc1\u8217Xt worry if the ritual is quirky, or
if it won\uc1\u8217Xt seem important to some-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one else.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Imagine a perfect world.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What does}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{perfect}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mean to you? Get as detailed
as}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {possible. Aside
from the requisite world peace and clean environment,
think}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {about the
day-to-day things that would make a difference to you. Would
every}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {coffee maker
have a \uc1\u8220Xpause and serve\uc1\u8221X feature? Would your favorite band
per-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {form free
concerts at your school every Saturday? Would everyone in
your}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {state, upon
getting their driver\uc1\u8217Xs license, be given the car of their
choice?}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Once you begin the essay writing stage,
your journal will become an invaluable tool. It}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {can help you to use the right tone, neither too casual
nor too formal, so that your essay sounds}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {like you. While rereading it, make note of the words
you use and what your voice sounds}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {like when you write. Also, make note of the ideas and
topics that hold your interest. Some-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {times we are not aware of our feelings about something
until we take the time to explore}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {them. Use your journal entries to search for possible
essay material.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {PERSONAL
INVENTORY}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
personal inventory in this section is designed to help you mine your life for raw
mate-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rial that you
can use in your essay. Although you won\uc1\u8217Xt use all, or even most, of the
infor-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mation you
gather, be willing to explore many possibilities before narrowing down
your}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essay
topic.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {KEEP IN MIND . . .}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Although you should include as much information as
possible in a college admissions}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essay, keep in mind a number of important qualities
that readers are looking for. The}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {qualities you will be rated in
include:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {creative,
original thoughts}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{motivation}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {self
confidence}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{independence, initiative}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {intellectual ability}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{academic achievement}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{written expression of ideas}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {disciplined work habits}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {potential for
growth}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What activities and experiences can you write about
that highlight one or more of these?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {How can you show (rather than tell) in your essay that
you have these qualities? Keep}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {them in mind when filling out your
inventory.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
{To complete the personal inventory, you will need six sheets of paper, one for
each of the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{following sections. List anything and everything that comes to mind for each
section, leav-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing
a few lines between each entry (so you can fill them out with details
later).}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {History}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Think back to your earliest memory, and go from there.
Move chronologically, cat-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {aloguing events in your life, until you reach the most
recent one(s). Don\uc1\u8217Xt limit your-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {self to dramatic or life-altering experiences. Spend
the most time on the past few}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {years, unless you already know you will write about an
event from your childhood.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Achievements and Accomplishments}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {List all awards or other commendations you have
received (academic, extra-cur-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ricular, etc.). Include goals you have reached or
accomplished, that may not have}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {been recognized by others. What has been important to
you and your personal}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {growth? What achievements are you most proud
of?}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{3.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Activities}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Outside the classroom, what have you spent
your time doing? These may be one-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {time or on-going activities. Keep in mind, but
don\uc1\u8217Xt limit yourself to: sports, civic}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {groups, travel, volunteer work, art
projects, technology, or religious groups. Why}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {did you start the activity, and, if
applicable, why do you continue with it? Remem-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ber, many of these are listed in other places on your
application. Think about things}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you have done that are not mentioned elsewhere, or not
given significant attention,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on the rest of the application. Here is where you can
expand.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{4.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Influences}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Make a list of the people, events, works of
art, literature, and music that have affected}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
{you.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
253\slmult0 \*\tx693\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {5.}\b0 \tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Skills}\i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
i2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What are you good at? You may
want to ask friends and family members to help}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with this. Skills may be those acquired
through learning and practice, such as play-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing an instrument, or personal attributes, such as
leadership, or willingness to fol-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {low the \uc1\u8220Xroad not
taken.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {6.}\b0 \tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Passions}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What
makes your blood boil or your heart beat faster? Is there a sports team
you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {follow with
fervor, a book you have read ten times, a topic of local, national, or
global}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {importance
that gets you riled up? You may have listed these in other sections
above;}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {repeat them
here because this category examines them from a different point of
view.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-
{U}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {N D E R S T A N D I N G T H E}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O P I C
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This section explains seven topics
frequently used on college application essays. They
include}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a free
choice topic, which is often used for exit essays. The first five come from the
Com-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mon
Application, which is currently accepted by over two hundred colleges and
universi-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ties.
Schools that have their own applications often use these same topics as
well.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Evaluate a significant experience, achievement, risk
you have taken, or ethical}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {dilemma you have faced, and its impact on you.}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The last phrase is
critical: whatever you choose to write about (the \uc1\u8220Xcause\uc1\u8221X),
you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {must show its
impact upon you (the \uc1\u8220Xeffect\uc1\u8221X). Your experience need not be
earth-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {shattering;
remember that small and seemingly insignificant can be better. You
are}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {guaranteed to
write an original essay if you focus on something that you alone
expe-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rienced or
find significance in.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Writing an essay on what it felt like to drive a car
alone for the first time, for}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {instance, or why you enjoy preparing a favorite recipe,
can show your creativity and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your willingness to see the big picture. Perhaps the
cooking experience showed you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {how a bunch of little steps add up to something big, or
how a series of words on}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {paper can connect you with your ethnic heritage. In
other words, readers don\uc1\u8217Xt want}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to know about how you took first prize in the Mozart
Piano Competition. If you}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {want to write about piano playing, you could briefly
mention the prize, but be sure}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to explain how the rigors of practice, the wisdom of
your teacher, and the knowl-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {edge of musical composition have changed you for the
better.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{2.}\tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Discuss some issue of personal, local,
national, or international concern and its}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {importance to you.}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Many experts
caution against writing on this topic unless the issue has had a
profound}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and highly
personal effect on you. It lends itself to clich�s (\uc1\u8220Xwhy I want world
peace\uc1\u8221X)}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{and can steer you away from your task, which is to reveal something about
yourself.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Another
potential problem with this topic is that you can alienate yourself
from}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your reader.
You don\uc1\u8217Xt know if your essay will be read by a 20-something, a 70-
some-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {thing,
democrat or republican, male or female. Be careful not to dismiss or
harshly}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {critique
the other side of your argument while presenting your own.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Since this topic is not among the most
popular, you may stand out simply by}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {choosing it. Just avoid the potential problems, and
display your knowledge of the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {issue, while keeping the focus highly
personal.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{3.}\tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Indicate a person who has had a significant
influence on you, and describe that}\i0 \par\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {influence.}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Be wary of choosing a famous person as an influence.
The admissions officers have}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {read many essays about Martin Luther King, Jr., Mother
Theresa, and Charles Lind-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {bergh. If you write about a famous person, you need to
get highly creative in your}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {explanation of}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {how}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {he or she influenced you.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Successful essays on this topic typically
center on someone known personally to}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the writer (although be aware that parents are
favorites with many essay writers,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {meaning again that you will need to be highly creative
in order to write a unique}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essay). No matter whom you write about, remember that
the question is a catalyst}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for revealing information about you, not about your
role model. Do not simply}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {describe the person. Show evidence of yourself
throughout your essay by relating}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {everything back to you.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Describe a character in fiction, a historical figure,
or a creative work (as in art,}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {music, science, etc.) that has had an influence on
you.}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {As with
number three above, you need to keep the focus on you, not the
character}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or
creative work. Your choice of topic does reveal something about you, but
you}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {need to reveal
even more by showing how she/he/it has influenced you. This is
not}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one of the most
popular topics, so you will have a good chance of standing out
just}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by choosing
it. Just be certain to keep it personal.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\*\tx2213\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {5.}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Topic of
your choice.}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{This question is found on dozens of applications (other than the Common
Applica-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tion) in
many different forms. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
asks\uc1\u8220XWe}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{want to get to know you as a person. Make up a question that is personally
relevant}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to you,
state it clearly, and answer it. Feel free to use your imagination,
recognizing}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that
those who read it will not mind being entertained.\uc1\u8221X Seton Hall University
puts}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it this
way:\uc1\u8220XThe application lists several topic suggestions, but feel free to
write about}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {any
subject that you feel is relevant and will enable us to get to know
you.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {As
with the request for a writing sample below, this topic lends itself to essay
\uc1\u8220Xrecy-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{cling.\uc1\u8221X If you already have a well-written, vivid piece on something of
great signif-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{icance to you, something you know well, and that has changed or greatly
impacted}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {upon you,
you may use it
here.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{6.}\tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Why are you applying to our school?}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What they want to
hear: that you will attend if they accept you, that you will
grad-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {uate from
their school, and that you have something meaningful to contribute
to}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the school
community.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This
question requires research using resources other than the website
and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {brochures or
other published material generated by the school. Are there
alumni}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or current
students in your area? Talk to them about what the school is
really}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {like, and
use this material when highlighting your particular strengths. Does
the}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {school host an
international science fair every year? Mention it if you are
dying}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to meet and
speak with a renowned scientist who frequently attends. Does
the}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {literary
magazine win top honors at the national level? Include some of
your}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {poetry and
write about your dream of getting published and working in the
pub-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lishing
industry.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{7.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Submit a writing sample.}\i0
\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There are three
ways to approach this, two of which can save you time by
recycling}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essays
you have already written. The first is to write a new essay specifically for
the}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {application,
but that option doesn\uc1\u8217Xt make much sense when you probably
have}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {appropriate
samples already written.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You may also submit the original copy of an essay you
wrote for a class, with teacher}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {comments. Be certain to use an essay that is on an
interesting topic, and that got}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an A. The advantages to this choice are that it is fast
and effectively gives you another}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {teacher recommendation if the comments are positive,
and he or she didn\uc1\u8217Xt already}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {write one of your
recommendations.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{You may also submit a rewrite of an essay written for a class, improving it
by}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {incorporating
teacher comments (which, in effect, gives you the use of an
editor).}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There is
no need to mention the grade the essay received, or the class or teacher
it}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {was required
by.}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Essays written
for other college applications are also acceptable, as long as
they}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are not geared
specifically for another school.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx4946\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O N S
I D E R I N G T H E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O P I C S}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
{When you examine each topic, it will become clear which one(s) allow you to
present your-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {self
and your story best. What topic can you make the best emotional connection with?
That}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is the one
that will connect with your readers, too. College counselor Dr. Beverly Lenny
advises}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {her
students to \uc1\u8220Xchoose the right vehicle to express yourself. What you want
to say is more}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{important than the question itself.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Go back over the topics in the preceding section,
adding any other topics your applica-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tions, or your school, may provide you with.
Then:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {1. For
each different topic or question, use a separate sheet of paper, and write
the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {topic at the
top.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {2. Write
anything that comes to mind in response to that topic. Your ideas may
be}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in the form of a
neat list, moving from the most to least important, or they
can}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be random,
needing more organization later.}\par\pard\li1946\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3. Get out your personal inventory and match
information with the topics. Does}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your summer job at the local independent bookstore, and
all you have learned}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{from your eccentric boss, fit well with topic #3? What about your obsession
with}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fashion
photography? It could be narrowed down to a specific creative work
or}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {body of work
(topic #4), or work well as a significant experience (topic #1) if
you}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {write about
your visit to New York to attend a seminar at the Fashion Institute
of}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Technology.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Once you have prewriting notes on each
topic, answer the following:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Can I answer the question or address
the topic completely?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Does the topic let me highlight something about myself that was not
evident}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on the rest
of the application?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Is the topic about something personally significant and important to my
life?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Can I make the essay unique, easily
avoiding clich�s?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Will my essay on this topic say something positive about
me?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Can I write about myself and this
topic without bragging or overstating my}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {importance?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Will my essay on this topic hold the interest of the
reader?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Does the topic avoid potentially
offensive subjects?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {TOPICS THAT WORK}\b0
{Academic interests (if you are passionate about them), such as why you
love}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {calculus, the
works of Stephen Crane, studying about the Civil War, etc.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Anything personal that steers away from a
\uc1\u8220Xcommon mistake\uc1\u8221X (see box on}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {page 77). Write about an emotional reaction
to an event, a work of art, or}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {another person.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
{Success out of failure: what problem did you face that helped you learn a
great}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lesson, and
grow as a person? How did you turn an obstacle into an
attribute}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or
achievement? (But keep it positive; you don\uc1\u8217Xt want your essay to sound
like}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a sob story or
an excuse.)}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Small is fine. Most students in their
late teens have not experienced a traumatic,}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {life-changing event. Write about something you know, of
great significance to}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you, while seemingly mundane or routine to everyone
else.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Something that gets you excited,
something you are passionate
about.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{M}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A K I N G T H E}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {C}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {H O I C
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {For most students, it is becoming clear at
this }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {point which topic best suits their life,
strengths,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and
experiences, lending itself to the most unique and insightful essay. However, if
more}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {than one topic
seems like a good fit, go back to your inventory. Using a different
colored}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {highlighter
for each topic, mark the information that could be used to write on that
topic.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {To which
topic can you bring the most actual experiences and concrete
details?}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Still not
sure? Consider outlining and writing rough drafts of two essays. High
school}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {senior Liz
Abernathey says she wrote four essays on different topics before coming up
with}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one she liked.
\uc1\u8220XAfter I wrote the first one, I reread it, and realized that I had told a
memory}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of something
I really liked, but nothing more. Rather than trying to fix it, I simply
began}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {again. I
wrote another essay a few days later, and a similar thing occurred. After reading
it,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I just
didn\uc1\u8217Xt feel a \uc1\u8216Xclick.\uc1\u8217X This process
happene}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {d until my fourth essay. Although I only
had}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a rough draft,
I knew I had hit upon something g}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ood. I felt the
click. It just worked better}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {than the other
topics.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{In the examples below, a student took the same information and applied it to two
top-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ics. Note that
the second example, while still just }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {notes, seems to
lend itself to more actual}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {experiences and concrete
details.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Indicate a person who has had a
significant influence on you, and describe that}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {influence.}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{When my science teacher assigned a research paper on a scientist of our choice,
I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {wasn\uc1\u8217Xt
thrilled. I had no one in mind for the month-long project. I sat at
the}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {keyboard in the
school library, looking for inspiration. Finally, I started a
search}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for
\uc1\u8220Xwomen scientists.\uc1\u8221X I found a hit with a quote from Al Gore,
calling the mys-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{tery person \uc1\u8220Xan outstanding role model for women scientists across
America.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Who was she? The late Dr. Nancy Foster, former Assistant
Administrator}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for
Oceanic Services and Coastal Zone Management at the National
Oceanic}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and
Atmospheric Administration, and Director of the National Ocean
Service.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The more I
read about this brilliant, dynamic woman, the more I
became}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {inspired.
Not only did I feel impressed with and proud of her many
accom-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {plishments,
but her story made me think that I could take my love of
the}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ocean and its
creatures and make it into a career as a marine biologist.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Evaluate a significant experience, achievement, risk
you have taken, or ethical}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {dilemma you have faced, and its impact on you.}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When my science teacher suggested a class trip to
Belize to study the marine}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ecosystem, I was excited. The thought of escaping the
cold New England
winter}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for sun
and sand was my first thought. Then, I wondered if I would be able
to}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {go SCUBA diving
there, in a real ocean, after only four months of taking}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {classes in the chilly pool at the local
community center. Mr. Carlson told us}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that we would be making trips to the coral reef in
Ambergris Caye, and writing}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {up our findings as a report once we got back to school.
I didn\uc1\u8217Xt know yet that}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the trip would begin to give direction to my
life.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {AVOID
THE MOST COMMON ESSAY BLUNDERS}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Admissions
Directors note that the worst essays usually:}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
{are depressing.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{paint an unflattering picture of the applicant.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are completely impersonal or
unoriginal.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
200\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {While just about any experience can be the
basis of a great essay, keep in mind the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {following tips:}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Positive is probably better.}\i0
{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You could write a superb essay on the anxiety
you}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {have
experienced as a teen (think clich�), or your struggle with depression,
but}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {think about
your audience. How many times does an admissions officer want
to}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {read depressing
topics?}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Focus on the recent past.}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Readers want to know about who you are today,
not}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {about your
early childhood. Unless it has significant relevance to who you
are}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {today, skip
it.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Keep unflattering experiences to
yourself.}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You want the readers to like you.
Don\uc1\u8217Xt}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{tell them about major screw ups or stupid things you did. You want to
sound}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {competent and
responsible. See \uc1\u8220Xsuccess out of failure\uc1\u8221X
above.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Avoid clich�s!}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XPeace in the Middle East,\uc1\u8221X
\uc1\u8220XWhy my volunteer position helps me}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {more than those I\uc1\u8217Xm supposed to
be helping,\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220XHow my friend\uc1\u8217Xs death
taught}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {me to enjoy
life more,\uc1\u8221X have all been done before, many times. Unless your
take}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on a popular
topic is highly original and highly personal, you run the risk of
bor-}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing your
audience. Showcase your uniqueness by steering clear of obvious
top-}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ics and
content.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Think local, not global.}\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Large societal or political issues are usually not
personal.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Subjects
such as world peace, September 11, and Columbine have been}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {expounded upon by experts every day in the
media, and you probably do not}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {have a unique perspective (unless you were personally
involved, or directly}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {impacted). Think specific and personal, rather than
abstract and
global.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Resist any temptation to brag.}\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do not go
overboard highlighting your achievements,}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and especially don\uc1\u8217Xt take credit for
something you shouldn\uc1\u8217Xt. For example, did your}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {team really win the state championship
because of your leadership skills? There}\par\pard\li2546\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is a great difference between advocating for yourself
and sounding pompous.}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx4333\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A R T S
O F T H E}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S S AY}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
three distinct parts to your essay: the introduction, body, and conclusion. In
this}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {section,
winning strategies for each section are examined.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
{INTRODUCTION}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Exit
essays differ from admissions essays in that they are scored by a teacher or
adminis-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {trator
from your school. This reader (or readers) will take time with your writing. In
con-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {trast,
anonymous admissions officers typically spend just two or three minutes reading
each}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {application
essay. While you can afford to write a standard introduction to an exit essay
(one}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that spells
out your argument), that technique doesn\uc1\u8217Xt work well for college
admissions essays.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Because of your readers\uc1\u8217X time constraints, your introduction must
immediately entice him}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or her to read further. There are a
number}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 { of effective methods for
\uc1\u8220Xhooking\uc1\u8221X your reader}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from the very first sentences of your
essay.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The best way
to write a compelling introduction is to }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {wait to
write it until you have com-}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {pleted the rough draft of the rest of your
essay}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. Then, extract something from your writing
to}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {use as an
opener. Here are some great ways to create a hook for your
reader:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Get emotional.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Your reader will relate to your subject if you engage
their}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {emotions and
cause them to make a connection with you and your writing.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Think about beginning with the way you felt
about something, rather than}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {first describing or otherwise revealing that
something.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Be mysterious or intriguing.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your introduction needs to relate to the rest
of}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your essay, but
there can be a small detail that makes the admissions
officers}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {wonder
what you are up to. Are you writing about how your music
teacher}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {has
influenced you? You might begin by describing him playing his cello in
a}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {few detailed
sentences. Don\uc1\u8217Xt mention that he is your teacher, or that he
has}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {helped shaped
your love of music yet. The reader will wonder who the
mys-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tery man is,
and want to read on to find out.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Give an anecdote.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A very short slice of life
story that doesn\uc1\u8217Xt clue the reader in}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to where you are headed can be a great hook. Write
about the last seconds of a}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {basketball game, checking out your last
cust}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {omer of the day, your brilliant
but}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {disorganized
teacher\uc1\u8217Xs lecture on Emerson. Admissions officers will have
to}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {keep reading to
discover what you are writing
about.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Ask a question.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XWhen have you ever heard of a basketball
coach reading}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{poetry to her team?\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220XWhy would I want to give up my poolside
summer as a}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{lifeguard to work in a rundown school without air conditioning?\uc1\u8221X Take
your}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {subject, and
first ask yourself what is unusual or in need of an
explanation.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Turn
it into a question that does}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {not}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {have an obvious answer.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Cite an unusual fact.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Telling your reader something he or she
doesn\uc1\u8217Xt know,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and wouldn\uc1\u8217Xt guess, can compel her to read
on. If you are writing about a}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {travel experience, hunt down some statistics that might
seem startling. \uc1\u8220XThe}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {U.S. Department of Transportation reported that during
the month I was}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{traveling, over 255,000 pieces of luggage were lost.\uc1\u8221X Did your youth
group vol-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {unteer
with migrant farm workers picking oranges? A few minutes of
research}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {can help
you begin your essay, \uc1\u8220XFlorida\uc1\u8217Xs Valencia orange forecast for
April was}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {86
million boxes.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{BODY}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The body of
your essay should be the easiest part to write. Using your outline and
notes,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {put down
your thoughts in clear sentences that flow logically from one to another. Tell
your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {story
seamlessly, using transitions (see the list of transition words in Chapter 7, pages
90\uc1\u8211X91)}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to
move from one point to the next. Remember that you are writing a rough draft;
don\uc1\u8217Xt}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{worry over every word. If you find weaknesses with your outline as you write, such
as miss-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing
details or a paragraph that would work better in another part of your essay, make
adjust-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ments. Keep
in mind though, there is plenty of time to refine your essay during the
revi-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sion and
editing processes.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Provide an obvious connection between your introduction and the body of your
essay.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Don\uc1\u8217Xt waste a dynamic start by dumping the reader into a new context
that leaves her ask-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{ing, \uc1\u8220Xwhere am I?\uc1\u8221X Show clearly why you began as you did. For
example, if you opened with}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a statistic (such as the introduction example about
Valencia oranges), the next sentence must}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {connect the numbers with your own experience. It might
be, \uc1\u8220XMy youth group had a hard}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {enough time packing a dozen boxes of oranges a day.
It\uc1\u8217Xs hard to imagine how many hours}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of work is represented by 86 million
boxes.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Use concrete examples, details, and evidence to support the points you make in
your essay.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Review
the section in Chapter 2 entitled \uc1\u8220XModifiers Add Precision\uc1\u8221X for
ideas that will help}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{your writing come alive and be uniquely yours. That doesn\uc1\u8217Xt mean,
however, that you should}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {run to your thesaurus. Admissions directors and college
counselors give this piece of advice}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {often: do not use words specifically to show off your
vocabulary, or to try to wow your reader.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There is an important difference between using just the
right word to convey meaning, and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {using a bigger, longer word when a simpler one will
do.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Not convinced
to put down your thesaurus? Here are three reasons to stop looking
for}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and using so-
called \uc1\u8220Xbig
words.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\
margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{1.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {They sound pretentious}\b0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {.}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Remember, you
are supposed to sound like you, not a}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {politician or chairman-of-the-
board.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{2.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {They can sound ridiculous.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {By using words that are not in your normal
vocabu-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lary, you
run the risk of using them incorrectly.}\par\pard\li2040\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\*\tx2306\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {3.}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {They may
appear as a tactic.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your reader might think you
are trying to add}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{weight with words because you are worried your essay isn\uc1\u8217Xt well written,
or that}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your ideas
aren\uc1\u8217Xt worth reading.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Look at
the following examples:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {To the
point:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I decided to keep it simple by packing
only those things that I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {could carry in one suitcase.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Thesaurized:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I determined to eschew obfuscation by packing only
those things}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that I
could transport in one valise.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
point:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In high school, I took my first
accounting class and began to help}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {my mother with the accounting tasks of the
business.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{Thesaurized:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In secondary school I took my
first accounting class and com-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {menced to aid my mother with the accounting functions
of the business.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
point:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {At my summer job, I had the chance to
learn about Informa-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{tion Technology as it relates to engineering.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Thesaurized:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {At my place of summer employment, I had the fortuity
to obtain}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {IT-
related information as it pertains to the engineering
field.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A WORD ABOUT PLAGIARISM}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{You are probably aware of the many Internet sites offering essays for sale, and
sites}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and books
claiming they have \uc1\u8220Xessays that work.\uc1\u8221X What you may not realize
is that}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {teachers,
administrators, and admissions committees know about them, too. In
fact,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {they can
check suspicious essays against those found on the Internet and
published}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in books.
Having even a phrase or two in common with one of these essays
consti-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tutes
plagiarism.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
advice is simple: write your own essay. Don\uc1\u8217Xt even waste your time
reading}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {other
people\uc1\u8217Xs essays looking for ideas. It is one thing to read to understand
the process,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and
another to read for ideas and words to take as your own.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The sample topics and excerpts in this
chapter are included to show you how the}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {pieces of these essays (used as examples throughout the
book) work when they are}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {part of a whole. They are not intended as source
material for your essay. Remember}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that plagiarism is a serious academic offense, and will
disqualify you from consider-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ation by the school(s) to which you are applying. It is
too high a price to pay after
all}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of the
work you have done to get yourself this far. Be certain your ideas and
words}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are your
own.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CONCLUSION}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your conclusion is the final impression
left w}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ith your reader. End your essay memorably
by}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {avoiding these
three conclusion blunders. You should avoid:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Answering the big questions.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you wrote about a topic such as world
peace}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or a personal
tragedy, resist the temptation to give reasons or solutions.
You}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {don\uc1\u8217Xt
need to explain why there is evil in the world, or how world hunger
can}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be
stopped.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Using clich�s.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Too many essays end with
\uc1\u8220Xtherefore,\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220Xin conclusion,\uc1\u8221X or
\uc1\u8220Xin}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{summary.\uc1\u8221X End in your own voice, using fresh words and
phrases.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Summarizing your essay.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The biggest blunder is when the essay is
short}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {enough that
you can expect your reader to remember what you wrote a
few}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {paragraphs ago.
Summaries are boring, and waste your opportunity to leave}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your reader with something
memorable.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You want your conclusion instead to echo
the dynamic start of your essay. How can you}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {achieve that?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Continue your discussion.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Propose where it might lead, what it might
mean}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to future
generations, or how it might be resolved.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Make sense of what happened.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you told a
story that would benefit from an}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {explanation of what it means to you in larger terms,
take a few sentences to}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {explain. What did you learn? How will you benefit from
the experience?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Connect your content with the desire for a college education.}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {What does it}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {say about your decision to apply, specifically, to
their college?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Echo your introduction to provide balance.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use
some of the same words,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {phrases, or ideas mentioned in your first
paragraph.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Bring the reader to the present
day.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This works especially well if you
wrote}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {about
something that happened in your past. What does it say about who
you}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are now? How
has it influenced the plans you are making for the future?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {If it works well with your content, end with words on
the subject said by}\b0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {someone famous.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Be
certain the quote substantiates what you have said, and}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {speaks obviously to your
topic.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Enlarge your discussion by linking
it to a wider context.}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your
weeklong}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hands-on
experience with the problems of a small group of migrant
farm}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {workers could
conclude with a paragraph on the widespread nature of the}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
{problem.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{DON\uc1\u8217XT REPEAT YOURSELF}\b0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The essay
is not the place to repeat information that can be found elsewhere in
your}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {application.
For instance, you have already listed your extra curricular activities
and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {GPA, and they
have been noted by the admissions committee. There is no need
to}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {remind them of
these accomplishments. Use your essay to tell your readers
some-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {thing they
don\uc1\u8217Xt already know about you. You only have a few hundred words to
make}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your mark.
Don\uc1\u8217Xt waste them on sentences such as:}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{As I pointed out in my list of extra-}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {curricular activities, I was elected to student
council four years in a row, and spent two}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {years as president.}\i0
280\slmult0 \*\tx3946\*\tx4973\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {W}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R I T I N G T O}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Y}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {O U R}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {U D I E N C E}\b0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Exit essays are typically written for people you know,
such as the English teachers in your}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {high school. You might even know one or more of them
quite well. But don\uc1\u8217Xt let that fact}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {influence the tone of your essay. It is a
serious assignment with high stakes attached. Now}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is not the time to be silly or otherwise
informal. Aim for a balance between formality and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {informality, and keep in mind the following
advice given for applications essays.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {It\uc1\u8217Xs not easy to describe typical admissions
directors. Most schools hire a mix of young}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and old, scholastic and athletic, alumni and not,
conservative and liberal. What they have}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in common is an ability to spot good writing, and a
willingness to make a connection with}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {their applicants. Your job is to try to appeal to one
or more of them.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{College admissions committees are usually made up of between ten and twenty
people.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There is a
Dean, or Director of Admissions, who leads a team of Assistant or Associate
Direc-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tors. Some
schools even hire senior interns, who are still working toward their degrees,
to}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {evaluate
applications.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
committees vary a great deal in their makeup. Most schools now attempt to
provide}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a diverse
group, employing women and minorities. Each admissions director is typically
in}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {charge of a
geographical area of the country, or of the world if the school draws or
wants}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to draw
international students. They travel to those areas to attend college fairs,
conduct}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {interviews,
and speak at secondary schools. They are available to applicants to answer
ques-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tions and
give a better idea of what the school is like (especially if they are an
alumni/ae).}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When
applications are submitted, the work of the committee goes into high gear.
Some}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {schools
receive thousands of applications for a few hundred spots. Others are less
selective,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {but
still must evaluate each application they receive. Everyone on the committee gets
hun-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dreds of
essays to evaluate, meaning they spend an average of two to three minutes
read-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing each
one.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Admissions
directors do not read with a highly judgmental eye, ready to circle every
dan-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {gling
participle or toss your essay if they find an unclear pronoun reference. Instead,
they}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {read to find
essays that they connect with. The connection is a feeling he or she gets
from}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your
writing. Your goal is to give them the sense, through your writing skills, that you
are}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {capable of a
college workload, and have much to offer their school.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {But remember that the essay is also
referred to as a}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {personal statement}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. The most impor-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tant connection you can make is not between
your reader and the intellectual argument}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you present, but rather an emotional or personal
connection with the content of your essay.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Simply put, a winning essay makes admissions directors
like you.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {SHOULD YOU USE HUMOR?}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{This is a tough question, and the simple answer is, probably not. A light-hearted,
witty}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tone is fine
if it fits with your subject. But resist the urge to tell a wild and crazy
story,}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or to tell a
straight story with jokes and puns thrown in. You don\uc1\u8217Xt know your
reader\uc1\u8217Xs}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{sense of humor. If he or she doesn\uc1\u8217Xt find it funny, you run the risk of
looking foolish.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Unless you are known for your great sense of humor, keep your tone upbeat, but
leave}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {out the
jokes.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF
FORMALITY}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your
essay should strike a balance between formality and informality.You don\uc1\u8217Xt
want to sound}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{distant and stiff, like a college professor, but a slangy, highly informal tone is
also inappro-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{priate.Your voice should be another piece of personal information you share with
the admis-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sions
committee. Let your reader hear you, not your impressive vocabulary or your
attempt}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to sound
like what you think they want to hear.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The balance you need to strike between formality and
informality is simply the avoid-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ance of one extreme or another. You are not writing to
your best friend, nor are you writ-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing an academic essay. Review some of your journal
entries. These are written in the voice}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you want to use, with just the right level of
formality.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHECKLIST\uc1\u8212XFINDING THE APPROPRIATE
LEVEL OF FORMALITY}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Follow these guidelines to insure your tone is correct:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{Avoid slang words and phrases unless you are deliberately trying to
imitate}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{speech.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A few contractions
(}\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {I\uc1\u8217Xm, don\uc1\u8217Xt, who\uc1\u8217Xd,
shouldn\uc1\u8217Xt}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {) can help your essay
from}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sounding too
stiff.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Aim to sound like a 17 or 18 year old
(i.e., yourself).}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Don\uc1\u8217Xt use five words when one will get the point across, or use words
consid-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ered
archaic or pretentious (}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {according to}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, not}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {as per}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {;}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {determine}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, not}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ascertain}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {;}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {think about}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, not}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {cogitate}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{).}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\pa
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you are worried your writing is
too stiff, rewrite a few paragraphs as a mock}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {journal entry, then compare them to your
essay. What words or phrases need}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {toning down?}\par\pard\li1906\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Long-term planning will take some of
the stress out of essay writing, and help}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you create the best essay you are capable of, error-
free, and on deadline.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Use the prewriting strategies of journaling and inventory-taking to
gather}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {possible
subject matter for your essay.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Study the different topics, and understand what each is asking you to write.
If}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you are writing
a college application essay, you must keep it personal no
mat-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ter the
topic.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Choose a topic after you have tested
a few. Your topic should be the one that}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lets you best tell your story.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Write a compelling introduction that entices the reader
to continue. Standard}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {introductions (those that spell out what your essay
will contain) are not only}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {boring, but they could cause a reader to put down your
essay.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The body of your essay should follow
seamlessly from one point to the next,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and use details and examples for
reinforcement.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Don\uc1\u8217Xt use the thesaurus to add big words intended to
impress.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {End with a dynamic, rather than a
clich�d, conclusion. Leave a lasting impres-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sion on your reader by avoiding the obvious
summary.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Keep your audience in mind, and
don\uc1\u8217Xt include anything that might offend or}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {confuse.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use humor with caution.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Tone and word choice should strike a balance between
formality and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{informality.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
rsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs74\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Timed Essay}\i0 \par\pard\li4333\ri0\sl-
773\slmult0 \fs72\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Writing Strategies}\i0
ddfr3
pard\li0\ri0\sl-1013\widctlpar\intbl \fs92\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {W}\b0
10013 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {riting an
essay in an exam situation, with the clock ticking, is very different
from}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {other
types of essay writing. Of course, the fundamentals of good writing do
not}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {change
(which is why Chapters 1\uc1\u8211X4 apply to any type of essay). What changes
is}\cell\row}\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your approach. When you have just 25 minutes (SAT), 45
minutes (GED), or an hour (many}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {state tests, such as Regents\uc1\u8217X), you must use
your time wisely. Every minute counts.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The way to take full advantage of every minute is to
prepare; gather all available infor-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mation about the test beforehand, and develop a
strategy that will take you through the essay}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {writing process. Understand the topics,
know how to organize your thoughts, and be able}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to expand prewriting notes into paragraphs. Take timed
practice exams to get used to the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {situation, and also to identify your strengths and
weaknesses. The weeks before the exam}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are when you should figure out which topics you write
best on, and which grammatical errors}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you make most frequently. When you take a timed essay
exam, preparation can mean the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {difference between a great score and a poor
one.}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \*\tx6120\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Timed Essay Writing Strategies }\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 7}\tab
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
333\slmult0 \*\tx1973\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Y P E S O F}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {X A M S}\b0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{CHAPTER 7}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Timed Essay Writing Strategies}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {While most of the information in this chapter applies
to every type of timed essay writing}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {situation, there are specifics for each test that you
should be aware of. In this section you}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will learn the general features of the most common
timed essays, as well as how to get the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {most up-to-date information about topics and any
changes made to the tests.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{GED}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The General
Educational Development (GED) }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {test contains a 45
minute-writing section in}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {which test takers must develop an expository essay
which includes personal observations,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {knowledge, and experiences. The typical GED essay is
about 250 words in length, written}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on one of five given topics. The official GED Testing
Service website offers links to your juris-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {diction\uc1\u8217Xs testing program, which may differ
slightly from that of other states. Check}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {www.acenet.edu/clll/ged/inde}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{x.cfm for the latest information.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Those who score the GED essay read between 25 and 40
essays an hour. They look for:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {well-focused main
points}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {clear
organization}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{development of ideas}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{appropriate sentence structure and word choice}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{correct punctuation, grammar, and spelling}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {SAT
I}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {With just twenty-
five minutes to write, you will not be expected to turn in a final draft
essay}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {when taking
the SAT I. Minor errors in grammar, usage, and mechanics are not
weighed}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {against
you. Scorers instead read the essay to get an overall impression of your writing
abil-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ity. They
look for evidence of critical thinking: how well did you respond to the topic,
develop}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a point of
view, and use appropriate examples and evidence to support your position?
Is}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your essay
clearly focused, and does it transition smoothly from one point to the next?
Do}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you show
evidence of having a varied and intelligent vocabulary?}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Since readers will look at dozens of essay,
an hour, it is important to make your essay}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stand out. This is best done through the use of
examples and evidence. Don\uc1\u8217Xt just strive to}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be technically perfect, or try to discuss
important topics such as world history or scientific}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {advances (unless you are passionate about
them). Stand out by using specifics that make}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the essay uniquely
yours.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The latest
information on the SAT I essay }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {may be found at
www.collegeboard.com.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn
666\margrsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Timed
{REGENTS\uc1\u8217X AND OTHER EXIT EXAMS}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
i1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {More than twenty-five states,
including California, Alaska, North Carolina, and Texas,
require}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a passing
grade on an exit exam to be eligible for high school graduation. These tests
vary,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {so it is
important to get specific information abou}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {t the test
you are preparing to take. How-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ever, most exit exams allow 60 minutes to develop an
essay based on one of a choice of top-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ics. A list of topics for Georgia\uc1\u8217Xs
Regents\uc1\u8217X exam, for example, may be found at:}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {www.gsu.edu/~wwwrtp/topics.htm (but
remember}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 { to check with your school regarding
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {test you will
be given).}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A
typical exit essay is approximately 1,500 words, and is either expository or
persuasive.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Other
possible topics include responses to literature, biographical narratives, and even
busi-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ness letters.
Those who grade exit essay exams ask:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {How well did you address the
topic?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Were your ideas
organized?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Did you develop major points and
support them with details and examples?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Were your word choices and sentence structure effective and
varied?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {How consistent was your style
(paragraphing), grammar, spelling, and}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {punctuation?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Did you express yourself freshly and uniquely?}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx3493\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Y P E
S O F}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{S S AY S}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {You have been assigned dozens of essays
during high school. They might have been a response}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to something you read, an argument about a
particular topic, or an explanation of an event}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or other subject of study. In fact, there are countless
types of essays. However, almost all}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {timed essay exams fall into one of two major
categories: expository or persuasive. In fact,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the SAT I essay exclusively calls for
persuasive essays.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{EXPOSITORY}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {An
expository essay gives directions, instructions, or explanations. It informs by
present-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing the
writer\uc1\u8217Xs knowledge about the topic to the reader. You might be asked
to }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {define}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {com-}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {pare }\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and/or}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {contrast}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
or }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {explain}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cause
and effect. In fact, think of the verbs used in your topic}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {as}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {key
words}\i0 { }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that clue you in to the fact that you are
being asked to write an expository essay.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {These key words include:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{compare:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {examine qualities or characteristics
to note and discuss similarities}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and differences}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{contrast:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {examine two or more ideas, people, or
things, stressing their differ-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{ences}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Timed Essay Writing Strategies}\i0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {define:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {give a clear, authoritative meaning that identifies
distinguishing char-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{acteristics}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{describe:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {relate the details that make the
subject in question unique}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{diagram:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {create a graphic organizer (see
Chapter 1, page 7) that explains your}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {answer}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{discuss:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {examine the subject(s) thoroughly, and
give a detailed explanation of}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {its strengths and weaknesses}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {enumerate:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{determine the points you must make, and present them in a
list}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or outline
form}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {explain:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {clarify meaning in a straightforward fashion, paying
attention to the}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{reasons for a situation (review Chapter 2, page 13, about Qualifying
and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Quantifying)}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{illustrate:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {use examples, graphic organizers,
evidence, or analogies to give}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {meaning or answer a problem}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {interpret:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {explain
the meaning of something or solve a problem using per-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sonal opinions, judgments, or
reactions}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {list:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{enumerate}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{narrate:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {explain an occurrence by describing it
as a series of chronological}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {events}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{outline:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {describe in an organized fashion,
systematically, highlighting only the}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {major points (details not
necessary)}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {relate:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {explain the associations or connections between two
or more things,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{events, circumstances, or even people; may also be used to mean}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {narrate}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{(see}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{above)}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {recount:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {narrate}\i0
\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {review:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {critically examine the topic, event, idea, or thing
in question, dis-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{cussing major points and their strengths and/or
weaknesses}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {state:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {express major points concisely, without using
examples or details}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{summarize:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {see}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{state}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {trace:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {similar to }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{narrate}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {; describe the chronology of an event to
reveal its}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{meaning}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {PERSUASIVE}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In a persuasive, or argument, essay, you
choose one idea and show why it is more legitimate}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or worthy than another. Your purpose is not
to merely show your side, but convince your}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reader why it is best. In order to convince
effectively, you must base your argument on rea-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {soning and logic. The most important
strategy for the persuasive essay is to choose the side}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that has the best, or most, evidence. If
you believe in that side, your argument will most}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {likely be even stronger (although you
don\uc1\u8217Xt have to believe in it to write a good
essay).}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {An
important component of a persuasive essay is the inclusion of other points
of}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {view.They are
presented in order to be refuted or weakened, thereby strengthening the
case}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for your
side. However, it is important to use reasoning and understanding to refute
them.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you
don\uc1\u8217Xt sound fair, or simply present emotional reasons why your side is
best, you have}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{weakened your argument. You must show that your idea is most legitimate in part
because}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {other ideas
are weak or incorrect.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Key verbs that will help you identify a call to write a
persuasive essay include:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {criticize:}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {express your judgment about the strengths and
weaknesses of your}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{topic, and draw conclusions}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{evaluate:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {assess the topic based on its
strengths and weaknesses, drawing con-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {clusions}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{justify:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {defend or uphold your position on the
topic, using convincing evi-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dence}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{prove:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {confirm or verify that something is real
or true using evidence, exam-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ples, and sound reasoning}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
253\slmult0 \*\tx4240\*\tx5373\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A R T S O F T H E}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {I M E D}\b0
\tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S S
AY}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When you have just 25 (or 45, or 60)
minutes to write an essay, there is no time to waste on}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {innovative structure. You must address the
topic in a clear, well-organized fashion, using}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {examples and details to make your point. The best way
to accomplish those goals is to stick}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to a traditional format. Aim for an introduction, at
least two to three body paragraphs, and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a concluding paragraph. By writing within such a
format, your ideas will be easily available}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to your reader (the person scoring your essay), and you
will have more time to develop and}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {substantiate them.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
{INTRODUCTION}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
most important part of your introduction is a clear thesis statement that refers
directly}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to the
topic. Get to the point, because the real meat of your essay, where you can deliver
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {greatest impact
to the reader, is in the body. Stating your thesis quickly and clearly
means}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {avoiding
disclaimers such as \uc1\u8220XI\uc1\u8217Xm not sure, but . . .\uc1\u8221X and
\uc1\u8220XThis may not be right . . .\uc1\u8221X Such}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {disclaimers are a waste of time, and could
prejudice your reader against your writing. No}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {matter how strong your argument becomes in
later paragraphs, that initial poor impres-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sion could stick with him or her. In addition, do not
attempt to create the kind of elegant}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {introduction that is possible to write when you have an
unlimited amount of time. A con-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fident, direct approach is
best.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {But direct
does not mean trite. Relying on overused words and phrases to help make
your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {point is the
most common way to weaken your introduction. Compare \uc1\u8220XIn
today\uc1\u8217Xs society}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {people don\uc1\u8217Xt practice good manners
ofte}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {n enough\uc1\u8221X with \uc1\u8220XGood manners
are an essential}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{part of a civil society.\uc1\u8221X The problem with the first sentence is the
first three words.\uc1\u8220XIn today\uc1\u8217Xs}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {society\uc1\u8221X is a clich�d opening,
whereas the second sentence makes its point directly,
without}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {any
overused language. Review the section on Informal and Overused Language in
Chap-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ter 3 for
more ideas on how to keep your word choice fresh.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
{BODY}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In the body
of your essay, you develop and illustrate the points you wish to make. It is
where}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you add the
interesting details and examples that support your thesis and make your
essay}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stand out.
Depending on the time you have to write, the body of your essay may be
between}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {two and
seven paragraphs, or more. No matter how long the essay, though, remember
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {following
advice:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Include only information that pertains to your topic
(do not go off on tangents).}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Illustrate or explain each point with appropriate details. Some essays may
call}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for personal
experiences, while others may require historical examples.
Don\uc1\u8217Xt}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{simply state that something is true, prove it.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Organize your essay with multiple paragraphs.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use transition words like
\uc1\u8220Xfirst,\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220Xnext,\uc1\u8221X and
\uc1\u8220Xthen\uc1\u8221X (see below for more useful}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {transition words).}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Qualify your answers for accuracy. If you
can\uc1\u8217Xt remember an exact date,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {approximate\uc1\u8212X\uc1\u8220Xlate eighteenth
century\uc1\u8221X is better than 1789 if 1789 is incor-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rect. If you want to quote someone, but
forget their exact words, paraphrase\uc1\u8212X}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XThoreau noted that solitude was a great
friend\uc1\u8221X is better than misquoting \uc1\u8220XI}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {never found the companion that was so
companionable as solitude.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Take all the time you can to fully develop your ideas. If you stop writing
too}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {soon, it may be
because you haven\uc1\u8217Xt explained yourself completely, or
backed}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {up your
assertions with examples.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Transition Words}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {These are useful when moving from paragraph to
paragraph, or point to point. Transition}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words help the reader follow your
thoughts.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
{though}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{despite}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on the
contrary}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{nevertheless}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {on
the other hand}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{similarly}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{however}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{consequently}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {for
this reason}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{after}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{subsequently}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{next}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{another}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in
addition}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{moreover}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{conversely}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{yet}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{because}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{therefore}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {as a
result}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {afterwards,
after this}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{then}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\*\tx5453\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {first, second, third}\tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {finally}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {simultaneously}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{CONCLUSION}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it
follows
that}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
ard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your concluding paragraph
(or statement in shorter essays) can simply restate your
thesis}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and the
points you made in the body of your essay. A restatement, summary, or
conclusion}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {can
effectively reinforce these points, but remember to reword them and keep the
conclu-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sion fresh.
You should not repeat your introduction, or use phrases such as \uc1\u8220XI wrote
about,\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{or \uc1\u8220XThis essay was about.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If you have the time, end with something more
int}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {eresting. A speculative conclusion
refers}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to a future
possibility or prediction, such as \uc1\u8220Xperhaps years from now . .
.\uc1\u8221X If you wrote about}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a problem, try a conclusion that offers
a }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {solution. If you have a fitting quotation, use it
to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {conclude your
essay. The person quoted does not have to be famous, but the quote
should}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {help you to
make your point. For example, \uc1\u8220XMy third grade teacher put it
best . . . \uc1\u8221X These}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {types of conclusions can leave your reader with a
better overall impression of your work}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(although be aware that you can\uc1\u8217Xt overcome a
weak essay with a clever conclusion).}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {GREAT QUESTION}\b0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XWhat if I come up with a great new idea when
writing my conclusion?\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
333\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {ANSWER}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{In order to use the idea, you must be able to revise your thesis statement to
include it,}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or at
least hint at it. You don\uc1\u8217Xt want to turn in an essay that shows you
didn\uc1\u8217Xt come up}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with anything interesting until the final paragraph. A
revision of your introduction can}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {make it appear as though you had the great new idea
before you even began writing.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Conclusion Checklist}\b0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
346\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u10004X}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Do not contradict anything you said earlier in the essay.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u10004X}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Be clear and concise.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u10004X}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do not
introduce new information.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u10004X}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Maintain
the tone you used in the rest of your essay (review \uc1\u8220XAppropriate
Lev-}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {els of
Formality\uc1\u8221X in Chapter 3).}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u10004X}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do not
repeat your introduction.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u10004X}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do not use
clich�d sayings or phrases (\uc1\u8220XYou can\uc1\u8217Xt judge a book by its
cover,\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8220XIn conclusion,\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220XAs I stated
above\uc1\u8221X).}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u10004X}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Do not apologize for anything
(especially lack of
time).}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\*\tx4373\*\tx5866\*\tx7000\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R E PA R I N G T O}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {W}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R I T E
A}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {I M
E D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S
S AY}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {As noted in the opening section of this
chapter, the first step in preparing to take any essay}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {exam is to get as much information about
the exam as possible. Check the resources at the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {end of this book for information about your
exam, and research it on the Internet. Once}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you have familiarized yourself with the basics, such as
how long you will have to write the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {essay, what the topics might be, and how the essay will
be graded, you can begin to prepare}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {more thoroughly.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{UNDERSTANDING YOUR TOPIC}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This advice might seem obvious, but it aims to correct
one of the most common mistakes}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {made on essay exams: spend time understanding the types
of topics you may encounter.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Remember that your score depends in large part on how
well you address the topic. But}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {how can you prepare, if you don\uc1\u8217Xt know what
the topic will be? Preparation materials, both}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in print and on the Internet, are available
for many types of essay exams. If they include}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sample topics, familiarize yourself with
them. If they simply tell you the types of topics (for}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {instance, prompts for persuasive essays),
you can find examples to study in print and on}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the Internet. Two great resources are}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {501 Writing Prompts}\i0
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(LearningExpress, 2003), and
school}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {district
websites (use the search term \uc1\u8220Xwriting prompts\uc1\u8221X on a search
engine such as}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{www.google.com).}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{When reading through sample topics, make a note if you understand what each one
is}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {asking you to
write about. The best way to determine whether you understand the
topics}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is to put
them in your own words, and then compare yours with the originals. Are they
nearly}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the same in
meaning? If you have trouble with this exercise, go back to your list of
topics.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Circle the
verbs (key words) in each one that tell you what to do. These are the same
key}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words you will
look for during the exam (see pages 87\uc1\u8211X89 for lists and explanations of
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {most common key
words for both expository and persuasive essays). When you
understand}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {each
topic\uc1\u8217Xs key words, you can more easily write the type of essay it
requires.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If your
essay exam includes a choice of topics, preparation should include practice
with}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {different
ones, such as those that require an expository essay, and those that require a
per-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {suasive one.
You might even simply outline essays that respond to the various topics.
Put}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {your work aside
for a day or two, and come back to evaluate your responses. Which
topic}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or type of
topic do you write best on? Which is easiest for you? If you go into the essay
exam}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with this
knowledge, it will be much easier to choose a topic, saving you valuable time
and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {helping to
ensure you will do your best
work.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {THE BEST
WAY TO ACHIEVE A HIGH SCORE}\b0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
scorers of every type of timed essay agree on one significant point: you must
sup-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {port your
essay with details, examples, and evidence. They will strengthen your
argu-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ment, and
will make your writing come alive. Common advice for essay exam
takers}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is to
include at least one sentence in each paragraph that begins with the words,
\uc1\u8220XFor}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{example.\uc1\u8221X Compare these paragraphs:}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {High school seniors should be allowed open campuses,
on which they can arrive}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {in time for their first class, leave during free
periods, and come back to school}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {for their other classes. There is no reason to treat
high school seniors like chil-}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {dren by making them stay in school all day when they
don\uc1\u8217Xt have classes to attend}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {all day. Seniors can handle the extra
responsibility.}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {High
school seniors should be allowed open campuses, on which they can arrive}\i0
\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {in time for their
first class, leave during free periods, and come back to school}\i0
\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {for their other
classes. Seniors are given freedom and responsibility in many other}\i0
\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {areas of their
lives; for example, the ability to drive a car. Seniors are also per-}\i0
\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {mitted to vote,
and to prepare for their futures through the college admissions}\i0
\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {process or
vocational training.}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The first
example uses generalizations and unsubstantiated claims (\uc1\u8220Xno reason to
treat}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {them . . .
\uc1\u8221X, \uc1\u8220Xcan handle the extra responsibility\uc1\u8221X), which
weaken the argument. The}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {second uses evidence, such as the responsibility of
driving and voting, to make the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {case for open campuses. Remember to back up what you
say with evidence, details,}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and other types of examples.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {BUDGETING YOUR
TIME}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {During your
preparation, familiarize yourself with the timing of your exam. Whether
you}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {have 25
minutes, or an hour, you should spend time on three distinct tasks: planning,
writ-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing, and
revising. The writing stage will take the longest, and, for essays that do not
hold}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grammatical
and spelling mistakes against you, the revising stage will be the shortest.
But}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {every essay
should include all three.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Planning}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The
subject of prewriting was covered in Chapter 1, where six strategies are explained.
Review}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {this
material, and decide, based on a few practice essays, which one works best for you.
Know-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing exactly
what you will do when you begin the exam will not only help you save time,
but}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it will also
take some of the pressure off, too. Some exit exams (such as Indiana\uc1\u8217Xs
Gradua-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tion
Qualifying Exam) judge your prewriting notes, outlines, and other graphic
organiz-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ers,
making it even more important to have a strategy that you know you do well
chosen}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ahead of
time. Even if you are taking the SAT, and have just 25 minutes for your essay,
spend}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the first
three to five minutes planning.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Your planning time, no matter the prewriting strategy
you use, should involve the for-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mation of a thesis statement and three or four main
points. Any supporting evidence for or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {examples of those points should be included. Once you
begin planning, do not be tempted}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to switch topics, which will waste valuable writing
time. Allow a few minutes to think through}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the topic. You may cross off main points that
don\uc1\u8217Xt work, or add a new one or two as you go.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Writing}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Using your planning notes as a guide, write your essay
using paragraphs to separate your}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {major points. Do not go off on tangents, but adhere to
your plan. If you come up with another}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {strong major point, use it, but don\uc1\u8217Xt
freewrite or ramble. Avoid unnecessary words and phrases,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {including clich�s (review the section on
concise word choices in Chapter 2).}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Keep your reader in mind. This person will give you a
score based on how well you write}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and addressed the topic. Don\uc1\u8217Xt risk
alienating or offending this person by using words and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a tone that are too formal or too casual.
You are trying to convince your reader that you can}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {write well, and that what you are saying is
reasonable and intelligent. If you alienate, con-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fuse, or offend the reader, your essay
score will suffer.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Revising}\b0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Some
timed exams penalize for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other errors
in}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mechanics. All
exams take off points for incomplete answers and failure to address the
topic.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Leave some
time to go over your work and correct or improve any errors. Be prepared
to}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {spend between
two to five minutes re-reading your essay. Check for the following do\uc1\u8217Xs
and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{don\uc1\u8217Xts:}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{Do:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Provide details, examples, and supporting evidence in
each paragraph.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Use paragraph breaks to help the reader see your main
points.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Transition smoothly from one idea to
the next.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Don\uc1\u8217Xt:}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
{Forget to correct mistakes in grammar, spelling, and punctuation (if
your}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {exam lowers
your score for such mistakes).}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Miss the opportunity to complete thoughts and phrases that could leave
your}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reader
guessing.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Leave in rambling thoughts that are
off the
topic.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\*\tx3320\*\tx5026\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {W}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R I T I N G}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R A C T I C E}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S S AY
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Put all of the information covered in this
chapter to use by taking at least one practice exam.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Arm yourself with a few topics, paper, pen,
and a timer, and write an essay. The timer will}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {help you to see how well you do under pressure, and how
well you budgeted your time. When}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {evaluating your practice essay, ask
yourself:}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Did I finish the essay?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Did I spend an appropriate amount of time planning and
revising?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Is the essay well-
organized?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Were there many errors in
mechanics?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Did I use examples to support my
argument?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Is the topic addressed directly and
thoroughly?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {How could it be
improved?}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HINTS FOR TAKING THE EXAM}\b0
{Get a good night\uc1\u8217Xs sleep and eat a good meal before the
exam.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Bring all required items (such as
writing instruments, identification, and/or a}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {receipt).}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {If there is a choice, read through the topics quickly
to find the one you will write}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {best on. Don\uc1\u8217Xt change your mind after making
your selection.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0
{Underline the key words in your topic.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{Write legibly. You won\uc1\u8217Xt get points for neatness, but if they
can\uc1\u8217Xt read it, they can\uc1\u8217Xt}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-
266\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {score it.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Double space your essay to make it easier to read, and
allow room to make cor-}\par\pard\li2453\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {rections and additions if
necessary.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2453\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9670X}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Wear a watch, and make a plan for
budgeting your time.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
453\slmult0 \*\tx2613\*\tx3626\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {F}\b0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Use what
you learned in this chapter to make a checklist for studying for and taking
your}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{exam.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Research your exam, determining how much time you will
be given to write,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{sample topics, and what readers will be looking for.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Understand the difference between expository and
persuasive essays, and be}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {able to locate key words that determine which kind the
topic calls
for.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\p
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Be able to use each part of the essay
to your best advantage, writing a strong}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {introduction, an organized and substantiated body, and
a conclusion that}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{pulls it all together.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Practice outlining sample topics using a variety of graphic organizers.
Which}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one works
best?}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Budget your time well, allowing at
least a few minutes for planning and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {revising.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Understand the topics or types of topics you will
encounter.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Practice taking a timed exam and
evaluate your essay critically.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Practice, practice,
practice!}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs72\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Sample Essay Prompts}\i0 \par\pard\li6360\ri0\sl-
773\slmult0 \fs72\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {and Essays}\i0 \par\pard\li1546\ri0\sl-
ddfr3
10013 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {n Chapters
1\uc1\u8211X7, you learned how to approach many kinds of timed and untimed
essays.}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {From
prewriting and organization to editing and proofreading, each step in the
process}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {was
examined. But what does it look like when al}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {l the
steps are put together? In this
chap-}\cell\row}\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
213\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ter, you will get to see real prompts and
real essays. Not all of the essays are top-scoring essays,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
213\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {but all of them are followed by an
evaluat}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ion of what made the essay good, or what
made}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the essay
weak. Use these comments to reflect on what someone might write in response
to}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {one of your
essays.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
\*\tx3386\*\tx4546\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {U}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {N T I M E D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S S AY}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R O M P T
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {UNTIMED
PROMPT 1}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Evaluate
a significant experience, achievement, risk you have taken, or ethical dilemma
you}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {have
faced, and its impact on you.}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Sunday. As
the bus bumps along through the muggy heat of July, I find
it}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hard to be
proud. Although I have just played great soccer in the
Eastern}\par\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2280\ri0\sl-
360\slmult0 \*\tx6120\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Sample Essay Prompts and
Essays }\i0 { }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 8}\tab
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{Sample Essay Prompts and Essays}\i0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Regional
Tournament and am on my way to Regional Camp to compete
with}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sixty other
girls for positions on the East Coast Select Team, I feel
tremen-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dously
nervous and inferior. Yet when I call my parents that night and
learn}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {that my
grandmother is in the hospital, I realize that this week of
competition}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is
going to be much more challenging emotionally than
physically.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Wednesday. I haven\uc1\u8217Xt been playing very well; I\uc1\u8217Xm on the
reserve team and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {my
chances for advancement are slim. There is only one person who
can}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {improve my
mood: my mother. Somehow she always knows just what to
say.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {That night I
call to tell her about my day and let her cheer me up. Instead,
she}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tells me that
my grandmother\uc1\u8217Xs situation is worse. The news hits me like
a}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {physical blow. My
mind starts reeling with thoughts of my grandmother: the}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {way she would pour her coffee into water
glasses if it wasn\uc1\u8217Xt scalding hot, her}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {soft, all-encompassing bear hugs, her
smiling voice over the phone. The thought}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of this plump, joyful woman I love so much lying in a
sterile hospital bed is}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {too painful to think about, so I lose myself in a
fantasy novel.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Thursday morning. Now I\uc1\u8217Xm really playing poorly; my mind is with
my}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grandmother, not
my soccer ball. I look up across the field\uc1\u8212Xand see
my}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mother walking
slowly toward me. I know. She\uc1\u8217Xs there to bring me to visit
my}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grandmother,
maybe for the last time.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Thursday afternoon. The hospital visit is eerie. My
grandmother looks as if}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {she is just barely alive, willing herself to take one
more breath. I talk to her}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {about camp, about how good the other players are, and
how my game hasn\uc1\u8217Xt}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {been my best. She doesn\uc1\u8217Xt reply, but I know
she hears me. She loves that I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {play soccer, always telling me how lucky I am to be on
a team of girls, and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{basking in my tales of games won and lost. My mother wants me to
stay}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {home and visit
the hospital again tomorrow. I\uc1\u8217Xm not sure.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Friday, a little after 11:00}
{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {A}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{.}\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {M}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. After much debate, I
have decided to return}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to the Regional Camp for the last game. I know my
grandmother wants me to}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {finish what I have started. I also feel I have an
obligation to myself to follow}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {through: I have worked so hard and so long to get to
this point that I would}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be letting myself down if I didn\uc1\u8217Xt grasp my
last opportunity to be selected. The}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {coaches put me on the advanced team, and I block out
all thoughts of my}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{grandmother and play my heart out\uc1\u8212Xfor fifteen minutes. The game
ends.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Regional Camp
is over, and I haven\uc1\u8217Xt made the team. This is the first
time}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {someone has
told me I\uc1\u8217Xm not good enough at soccer and it
hurts.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
360\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {EVALUATION}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The writer of this essay detailed her
involvement with soccer in a number of places on her}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {college application, from a description of
ac}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tivities, to a recommendation from her
coach,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to a list of
awards. She knew her essay shouldn\uc1\u8217Xt be simply another explanation of her
suc-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cesses on the
soccer field. Instead, she combined the experience of trying out for a
regional}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn1
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
213\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Sample Essay Prompts and Essays }\i0
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 8}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {soccer
team with the death of her grandmother. The result is a unique piece that tells
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {reader more
about the writer, and displays her }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ability to convey
her feelings and experiences}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {effectively through the written
word.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Why does this
essay work? It follows much of the advice given in Chapter 6. For
instance,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {look back
to the list of qualities colleges are looking for (page 71). Of the nine
qualities,}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {only two
are not included (intellectual ability and academic achievement). Next, review
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tips on pages
77\uc1\u8211X78 for avoiding the most common essay blunders. Note how this essay,
while}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it ends with
a dying grandmother and failure to make the team, avoids negativity. The
writer}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is honest
about her emotions, and comes across as a strong person who, while hurt by
the}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {experiences she
describes, has the strength and inner resources to keep moving
forward.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The piece
is original, deeply personal, confident without being pompous, and set in the
recent}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {past. It is
a fine example of a great essay.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
PROMPT 2}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Describe
a character in fiction, an historical figure, or a creative work (as in art, music,
science,}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{etc.) that has had an influence on you.}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I vividly
remember the time I first heard the poem \uc1\u8220XThe Dash.\uc1\u8221X I was
still a}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {boy, 8th
grade, and I was in an elementary school gym having
basketball}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {practice
with my traveling team. Practice was almost over so, as you
can}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {imagine, my
teammates and I were a little anxious to leave. We lost focus.
My}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Coach, Dave
Thomas, huddled us up at center court, and told us to take a
seat.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Being 8th
graders, we moaned and complained under our breath about
having}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to stay an
extra couple minutes. Coach Thomas pulled out a piece of
paper}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from his back
pocket and unfolded it. The gym immediately turned quiet,
we}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {knew he had
something to say. He began to read us this poem, an
unusual}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {thing for a
coach to do at a basketball practice. I was listening very closely
to}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {each line. The
words struck home deep down in my heart. I could feel what
the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {writer was
communicating. I was changed by that poem; my attitude and
phi-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {losophy would
never be the same.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{The poem called \uc1\u8220XThe Dash\uc1\u8221X was written by Notre Dame football
player}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Alton
Maiden. The poem is about the dash in-between the date of birth and
the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {date of death
on a gravestone. Maiden wrote, \uc1\u8220XPeople may forget your
birth}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and death,
but they will never forget your dash.\uc1\u8221X The dash represents
people\uc1\u8217Xs}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{lives, what they did in their lifetime. This poem made me think about what
I}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {am doing with my
dash, and what others will be left to think about my dash.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {It has helped me become the person I am
today. I have always tried to do}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the right thing, and give my best in whatever I am
doing. A dash without}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {regrets as to one\uc1\u8217Xs efforts can hardly be a
disappointment.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My
dash contains music. Through music I express my thoughts and
emotions.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I enjoyed
playing and listening to all styles of music. In school I play drums
in}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {concert band,
and also played drums and piano in a highly regarded Jazz
pro-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {gram. Although
I took piano lessons as a child, I never really enjoyed
practicing}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and quit
when I was in middle school. When I reached high school I
found}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {interest in
the piano again. I taught myself how to play the music I loved
and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {worked very
hard to become a good piano player. While I enjoy playing
in}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {school, I thrive
on playing outside of school. I write my own songs and
lyrics}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and
that\uc1\u8217Xs where I truly expressed myself. I spend more time sitting over
my}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {keyboard and
recording on my computer than anything else I do. Music is}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {something that will be with me forever,
whether I am playing or listening, and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I know that it\uc1\u8217Xs a huge part of my
dash.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {As high
school ends and I am looking at colleges I want to make sure
I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {continue filling
my dash and State University will help in my pursuit for a}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {strong dash. The satisfaction of facing the
challenges a top notch school like}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {State University has to offer will inspire me to keep
working my hardest. State}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {University will continue shaping me into a better
person with its wide varieties}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of learning experiences.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {My dash is something that I hold close to
my heart because I know that it\uc1\u8217Xs}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the only thing I will really care about in the end. It
won\uc1\u8217Xt matter how many}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {points I scored, money I made, songs I recorded, or the
grade point average I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {achieved. The experiences I\uc1\u8217Xve had in this
life and what I got out of them is}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {what really matters. I hope others will think of me as
a hard, determined}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{worker who always tries to do the right thing. I know that as long as I
put}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {forth my best
effort in whatever I am doing, the dash will take care of
itself.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Referring again to the list on pages
77\uc1\u8211X78, this essay commits a serious essay blunder that
weak-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ens it
considerably. It contains numerous clich�s (and you might argue the subject in
gen-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {eral is
unoriginal). For example, phrases such as\uc1\u8220Xstruck home deep down in my
heart,\uc1\u8221X\uc1\u8220Xhelped}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {me become the person I am today,\uc1\u8221X\uc1\u8220Xa
top notch school,\uc1\u8221X and \uc1\u8220Xwon\uc1\u8217Xt matter how many
points}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I scored,
money I made, songs I recorded, or the grade point average I achieved\uc1\u8221X
are over-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {used and
stale. In addition, the writer did not carefully proofread his essay. The third
para-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {graph
carelessly shifts from present to past tense a number of times. Paragraph four
begins}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {with a run-
on sentence, and there are numerous punctuation errors throughout the
essay.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {UNTIMED PROMPT 3}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {As part of a communications project and
to get ready for the future, you attend a workshop called}\i0
\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The Power of
Language in the Workplace. Here, you listen to a speech given by Joseph
Brown,}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {CEO of
a financial services company, about the effects of language. You think about the
mes-}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {sages
you learned by listening to this speech, and you use that information to write an
essay that}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{discusses how appropriate language is important, not }\i0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {only in the workplace, but in everyday life.}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Write an
essay in which you discuss the importance of using appropriate language in
the}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {workplace
and in everyday life.}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
146\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Guidelines:}\b0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Tell your audience what they need to know
about using appropriate language in the work-}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {place and in all aspects of daily
life.}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Use
specific, accurate, and relevant information from the speech to support your
discussion.}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {According
to Joseph Brown, CEO of a prominent financial services
company,}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {language
is a powerful force that can be used as a means toward great
suc-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cess or great
destruction. In his speech, Brown told a personal story
that}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {helped him
realize the power of language. Once he approached a coworker
who}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {was feeling ill
with a comment about her health. He had not meant to be}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {offensive, but his choice of words and his
tone insulted her. He had to spend a}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {great deal of time apologizing to the coworker and
explaining that he did not}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mean to be rude. This incident caused Brown to begin
observing and assessing}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {his own language use and that of
others.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Brown came
to the conclusion that many people use language in a
careless}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {way. He
mentioned a person in his office who frightened all of his staff
mem-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {bers by being
loud. The manager felt powerful when he used a loud,
authorita-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tive
voice. His workers were afraid to interact with him. Unfortunately,
this}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {made for a
very unproductive work environment because people were afraid
to}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ask the manager
questions. This meant that the workers would sometimes
have}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to complete
tasks even when they were unsure of the instructions. Rather
than}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {subject
themselves to the manager\uc1\u8217Xs loudness, the workers attempted to
do}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {their work on
their own and hoped for the best outcome.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Although Brown experienced this type of power play at
work, it happens in}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{everyday situations. Teachers may use loudness as a way to control
their}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {classes.
People in social situations may use their volume to dominate the
con-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {versation. In
both these instances the power of language is used
incorrectly}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and may
possibly be damaging to the listeners. Students tend to have
less}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {respect for
teachers who yell at them, and therefore have difficulty
learning}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {from them.
People who feel threatened in social situations tend to
withdraw}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and this
could lead to emotional difficulties.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Again, this advice is useful in aspects of life other
than work situations.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Even in our homes, politeness should be the norm.
Siblings would probably}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {argue less if they practiced politeness routinely. When
the inevitable conflict did}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {arise in a family, it would be more efficient and
healthy if all the members}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220Xfought fair\uc1\u8221X with honesty rather
than sarcasm.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {At
the language seminar, Brown also learned that it is a poor
communica-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tion
skill to combine positive and negative statements into one
sentence.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {According
to Brown\uc1\u8217Xs communication experts, statements like, \uc1\u8220XThis was
a}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {great report, but
there are mistakes in it\uc1\u8221X are taboo. The positive part sets
the}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {listener up for
a compliment and makes him or her feel good, but the
negative}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {part comes
like an unexpected slap in the face. A better way to handle
these}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {situations is
to point out specifically that which is good about someone\uc1\u8217Xs
work}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and that which
needs improvement.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Brown noticed that once people were better at using words, they were
also}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {better at
doing their work. There were fewer arguments; there was less
confu-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sion, and
work was done more quickly and at a higher level of quality.
Accord-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing to
Brown, this has helped to make his company successful. The power
of}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {language is
something we should all take into consideration every time we
open}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {our mouths to
speak.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This essay is fully developed with a broad
range of information and student commentary.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Specific details from the speech are accurately and
appropriately given throughout. The main}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {idea of the essay is clear: Language has the power to
build up and destroy; good commu-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nication skills seek to build up,
a}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {nd are important in all aspects of
life.}\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There is a
logical order, with a clear introduction, a well-developed body, and a
strong}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {conclusion.
The writer\uc1\u8217Xs use of language is sophisticated, particularly in his or her
use of}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {vocabulary
(\uc1\u8220Xrefined,\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220Xprominent,\uc1\u8221X
\uc1\u8220Xtaboo\uc1\u8221X), which is intelligent without sounding
\uc1\u8220Xthe-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{saurized.\uc1\u8221X Varied sentence structure is also an indication of a sure
grasp of writing skills.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {There are essentially no errors in
grammar, }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {punctuation, capitalization, or spelling even
when}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the writer
used sophisticated language.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
PROMPT 4}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Write a
critical essay in which you discuss two works of literature you have read from the
par-}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ticular
perspective of the statement that is provided for you below. In your essay, provide
a valid}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{interpretation of the statement, agree or disagree with the statement as you have
interpreted}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{it, and support your opinion using specific references to appropriate literary
elements from the}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {two works.}\i0 \par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u8220XTo be a writer, one has to tell the truth, and one has to
tell}\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the hardest
truth that is available to one. One has to tell
one\uc1\u8217Xs}\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {own
truth.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li3026\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8212XGordon Lish}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
173\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Guidelines:}\b0 \par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Provide a valid interpretation of the
quotation that clearly establishes the criteria for analysis.}\i0
\par\pard\li1826\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Indicate whether
you agree or disagree with the statement as you have interpreted it.}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Choose
two works you have read that you believe best support your opinion.}\i0
\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Use the criteria
suggested to analyze the works you have chosen.}\i0 \par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Avoid plot summary. Instead, use specific
references to appropriate literary elements (for exam-}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ple: theme, characterization, setting,
point of view) to develop your analysis.}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Gordon
Lish says that writers must tell the truth, even if it\uc1\u8217Xs hard to do.
I}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {think
he\uc1\u8217Xs right. Stories that tell the truth like that are very powerful. I
can}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {think of two
books that I read that do what Mr. Lish says. They are A}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{ngela\uc1\u8217Xs}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Ashes }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by Frank McCourt and I Know
W}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hy the C}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{age}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {d Bird Sings }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by
Maya}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Angelu.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {For
example, if Maya Angelou didn\uc1\u8217Xt tell all the truth about her life,
we}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{wouldn\uc1\u8217Xt know about all the stuff that happened to her when she was
growing}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {up. We
wouldn\uc1\u8217Xt understand how difficult her life was or how she survived.
We}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{wouldn\uc1\u8217Xt know how she turned out to be such a strong person. Like when
she}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {describes
running away and living in the junkyard. That must have been a
really}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tough
experience and difficult for her to talk about. But she also tells us
what}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {she learned
from that experience. Whatever she was feeling, she described it
in}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {her story. She
stuck to the truth so we could see how hard it was to grow
up}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a young black
girl in the south.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{We read A}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ngela\uc1\u8217Xs
A}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {shes, }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {too. That story,
by Frank McCourt, showed us how}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tough it was to grow up poor in Ireland. I never
imagined being so poor! He}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {didn\uc1\u8217Xt even have shoes to wear to walk to
school in the winter, and to make it}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {worse the others made fun of him for it. His dad was
never around and when}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {he was, he was drunk. And worst of all, they were
always hungry. He had to}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {steal food and stole money to escape to America. But I
don\uc1\u8217Xt blame him. It}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {must have been hard to admit doing these bad things and
to relive all the pain}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in his life. If I had it that bad, I\uc1\u8217Xd want
to forget my past. But he told his}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {story for us so we could appreciate what we
have.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This essay begins by interpreting the
statement and by establishing a controlling idea. Although}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the interpretation is simplistic, the
writer states that he agrees with Lish and then discusses}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {two autobiographies. He doesn\uc1\u8217Xt
identify the specific genre, but just calls them \uc1\u8220Xstories.\uc1\u8221X
The}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {writer offers
specific details from both texts and names both authors, though he
misspells}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Angelou\uc1\u8217Xs name twice.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The style of this essay is too informal, with the
writer interrupting the analysis of}{ }\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Angela\uc1\u8217Xs}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Ashes}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {twice to
express his personal feelings. A statement such as \uc1\u8220XI never imagined
being so}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{poor\uc1\u8221X does not belong in a critical essay.
The }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {organization of the piece is logical and
there}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is
substantive discussion of each text in terms of the main idea, but it lacks a
strong con-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {clusion
that clearly connects both texts to the }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {quotation. The
sentence structure and vocab-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ulary are also unsophisticated, though the writing is
clear and correct
throughout.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrs
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {UNTIMED PROMPT 5}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{CHAPTER 8}\tab \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Sample Essay Prompts and
Essays}\i0
i1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Describe your future career
plans. What experi}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ences and influences have
helped you to chose}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {this path?}\i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I am
haunted by the question that plagues many upcoming graduates . . .
what}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {will I study
in college? Many of my friends and family members assumed
I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {would study
education and become a teacher. After all, throughout my life
I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {had always worked
with children. Every summer from eighth grade through}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {high school, I worked as a camp counselor
or a summer school teacher\uc1\u8217Xs aide.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I embraced every chance I had to be with children, and
they in turn responded}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to my enthusiasm, energy, and the love of learning I
shared with them. My}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{interest in working with young people came naturally\uc1\u8212XI remembered how
fun}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {it was to be
five years old, proud of what I could read aloud, enchanted by
my}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {newfound
abilities to create sentences and stories on paper, and so utterly
ful-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {filled by
counting to 100.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Throughout high school, I have worked as a tutor at a Community
Day}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {School. I
worked with underserved first through third graders. I helped
create}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {lesson plans
and designed educational activities to boost students\uc1\u8217X basic
reading,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {writing,
mathematics, and creative problem-solving skills. My favorite part
of}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the week was
\uc1\u8220XMail Time.\uc1\u8221X I created a fictional character\uc1\u8212Xan elf
named Mijo}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {who
lived in the room in which we met\uc1\u8212Xto whom the children could write
short,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {secret
notes. It was both an exercise of their newly acquired and budding
writ-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing skills,
and also an outlet for problems they needed to get off their
chest.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Through
their notes, I also learned more about what they were going
through.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Once a
week, the children would get individual notes in return from Mijo,
with}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {words of
encouragement, little observances about their progress, or short
anec-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dotes about
rough times Mijo had in the past that mirrored the students\uc1\u8217X
own}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {experiences.
Mijo even had his own signature notepaper and instead of
signing}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {his name,
he drew a picture of himself. It was fun to get to know the
children}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and to
understand their worlds a little bit better; it\uc1\u8217Xs amazing what children
will}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {confide in an
elf that they won\uc1\u8217Xt tell adults! As I got to know the students
bet-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ter, I was
able to see what they needed to help them learn and grow.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When I was in elementary school, I always
remember looking up to my}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {teachers, and wanting to be in their position. This
summer I will be working as}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {a teacher\uc1\u8217Xs aide in an after-school program.
Since my class already has a rep-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {utation for bad behavior, one of my goals is for the
students to understand}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {more about their community\uc1\u8212Xother teachers,
each other, themselves, and me\uc1\u8212X}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {so that they become more aware of their own values and
how their actions}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{affect the world around them. I also want my students to be exposed to
a}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {variety of
learning encounters so that they understand how their own
complex}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{environments affect their experiences, and how these experiences, in
turn,}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {affect
their lives. Although I know the students will still have their
difficult}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {moments,
I hope they will become much more compassionate and learn to
con-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sider how
their words and actions affect their peers.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I have discovered that, for me, the challenge of
eventually becoming a}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {teacher is also the lure: that as the world changes,
new questions, issues, ideas,}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and problems must be negotiated in the classroom.
Students should have the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {opportunity to interact with and react to what they are
learning in a way that}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {is meaningful to them, and I want to be an active
participant in this process.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {However, I think that in order to help them be actively
involved in their own}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {learning process, I need to formalize my knowledge and
build a greater under-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {standing of how kids learn, understand more about the
relative strengths and}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {weaknesses of different educational systems, and learn
about philosophies of}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {education in a program that addresses these issues. I
want to know how }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stu-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {dents learn,
what }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {motivates an individual to learn, and most
importantly how I}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{can contribut}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {e to improving educational systems in my
own community. I want}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of
our educational systems}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {so that I can foster and support a love of learning in
young people and their}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {teachers. Additionally, I want to see the results of my
work\uc1\u8212XI want to have}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {direct contact with the learners I am
serving.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This essay is written to the prompt, and
also takes it a step further. The writer not only
describes}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {what led
her to want to be a teacher, but ends by explaining why she believes it is the
right}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {choice, and
what she needs to do to prepare herself for it. The last paragraph helps the
reader}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {understand
the clarity with which she made her decision.}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The essay shows a good grasp of the rules
of written English. There are few, if any, mis-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {takes in mechanics, grammar, or spelling. Her word
choices (\uc1\u8220Xsocial dynamics,\uc1\u8221X
\uc1\u8220Xcreative}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{problem-solving,\uc1\u8221X\uc1\u8220Xlearning encounters\uc1\u8221X) are
sophisticated without being stiff or pompous.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {One suggested improvement would be greater
variety in sentence structure\uc1\u8212Xmost of her}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sentences are long and
complex.}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
\*\tx2946\*\tx4106\*\tx6560\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {I M E D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b
{E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S S AY}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R O M P T S A
N D}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A
M P L E S}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {TIMED
PROMPT 1}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {You have
probably heard the expression, if at first you don\uc1\u8217Xt succeed, try, try
again. What is your}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {view on continuing to try and possibly failing before
succeeding? Plan and write an essay in}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {which you develop your perspective on this }\i0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {issue. Support your position with examples
from}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {your
experiences, your studies, and your reading.}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
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2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
many factors involved in achieving success. But what if
countless}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {failures
end with a poor result? It is not failures themselves that lead to
suc-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {cess, but
rather a combination of natural ability, persistence, and even
luck.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When I
started competitive swimming, at age seven, I had some
natural}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ability.
Swimming came easily to me. When shown the correct techniques
for}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {strokes, turns,
and starts, I was able to employ them much quicker than
many}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {of my
teammates. In fact, within a few months, I was swimming faster
than}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {some kids who
were on the team for a few years. They had \uc1\u8220Xfailed\uc1\u8221X
many}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {times in the
meets they swam in, but it didn\uc1\u8217Xt seem to help them
understand}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the
techniques or to come up with better strategies. I \uc1\u8220Xfailed\uc1\u8221X
just a few times}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{that first year, but my times were better. My natural ability helped me
to}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {achieve more in
comparison with their numerous failures.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Persistence has also been a factor in my success. For
the past eight years,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I have attended practice at least three days a week,
with a short break}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{between each of two seasons. I swim at least 300 days a year. This
persist-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ence has
allowed me to improve both technique and speed. In
comparison,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {those
who don\uc1\u8217Xt continue to practice frequently and find ways to swim
better}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and faster
don\uc1\u8217Xt make the times I do. On my old team, we practiced for
a}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {hour and a half,
three days a week, forty weeks a year. On my new team,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {practice is five days a week for two hours,
and we have just four weeks off a}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {year. This new practice schedule has helped me to take
seconds off every time,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and my new team as a whole performs better than the old
one.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Luck is also a
factor in success. I once won a regional meet because my}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {competitor, who was one hundredth of a
second ahead, made an error and was}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {disqualified. Another time, a competitor was sick on
the day of the meet and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {didn\uc1\u8217Xt swim his best time (which would have
beaten me). My successes at those}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {meets involved, at least in part,
luck.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {So failure is
just one part of success. The more important factors are
natu-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ral ability,
persistence, and luck.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{EVALUATION}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This
essay succeeds on a number of levels. First, it takes a stand on the prompt and
adheres}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to it
throughout. Evidence and pertinent examples support the position. Second, it is
well-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {organized.
The five-paragraph structure allows the writer to explore his three chosen
sub-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {jects, while
maintaining a clear focus. This allows the reader to follow him easily. Third,
there}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {are very few
grammar, usage, or mechanics errors. And fourth, the vocabulary is
appropri-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ate and
varied. The author could have improved the concluding paragraph, which
mostly}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {restated the
introduction.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\marg
rsxn133\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 8}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
240\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {TIMED PROMPT 2}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
i1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Many parents give children a
weekly or monthly allowance regardless of their behavior because}\i0
\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {they believe an
allowance teaches children to}\i0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i { be financially
responsible. Other parents only give}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {children an allowance as a reward for complet}\i0
\fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ing chores or when they have behaved properly.}\i0
\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Explain what you
think parents should do and why.}\i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Should
parents pay children for doing chores is a good question. My
parents}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {paid me,
and my brothers and sister. I never liked doing chores, but getting
an}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {allowance each
week (if I did my chores) made it not so bad. In fact,
some-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {times I did
extra (like reorganizing the pantry) to get some extra money
for}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {something I
really wanted.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I
think having my allowance depend on my doing chores made me
under-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {stand what
it\uc1\u8217Xs like to work. In the \uc1\u8220XReal World,\uc1\u8221X you
don\uc1\u8217Xt get paid if you}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {don\uc1\u8217Xt do your work. That\uc1\u8217Xs how it
was in our house.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I
also learned that it\uc1\u8217Xs hard work to keep a house going, I learned
to}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {appreciate all
the hard work my mom and dad use to do. In addition, I}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {learned how to save money. I would set
aside my allowance to save up for}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {something I wanted, like a new CD player or
outfit.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In my
opinion, parents should give an allowance for doing chores, but
it}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{shouldn\uc1\u8217Xt be too much. Children should know that they need to help no
matter}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {what. Too
much money I think would make him or her feel like their hired
help}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or something.
Contrarily, too little money can make him or her feel like
their}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {help
isn\uc1\u8217Xt worth anything to his or her parents. So finding the right amount
is}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{important.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In
conclusion, giving children an allowance for doing household chores is
a}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {good idea.
Children learn to work for their money and save what they
earn.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This essay satisfies the requirements of
the writing prompt in an abbreviated manner, giv-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing only brief examples and developing
ideas inconsistently. It has a general focus, there is}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {an obvious attempt at organization, and
ideas are presented in a logical progression. How-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ever, there is an uneven control of
mechanics, and sentence structure is lacking in variety.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Word choice is not formal enough
(\uc1\u8220Xmade it not so bad,\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220Xhired help or
something,\uc1\u8221X \uc1\u8220Xcon-}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {trarily\uc1\u8221X) and negatively affects the quality
of the essay.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {TIMED PROMPT 3}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {A few decades ago, many families had half
a dozen or more children. Nowadays, more and more}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {families are choosing to have only one or
two childr}\i0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {en. Are smaller families better than
larger}\i0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ones?
Why or why not? State your position and support it with specific reasons and
examples.}\i0
ect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I grew up
in a large family\uc1\u8212XI am the oldest of six\uc1\u8212Xand I have many
won-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {derful
memories from my childhood. I am very close to most of my
siblings}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and I
treasure my relationships with them. But when I have my own
family}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {someday, it
won\uc1\u8217Xt be as big as the one I grew up in. As much as my
large}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {family was
full of love, and as much as I learned about sharing, giving,
and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {patience, I
think having too many kids puts too much pressure on the
parents,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {both in
terms of time and money, and on the oldest children.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When I think back on my childhood, I
remember playing with my siblings or}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grandparents. I don\uc1\u8217Xt remember spending a
whole lot of time with my mother}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and father. They were always around, but they were
always busy. My mother}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {was always cooking, cleaning, nursing, changing a
diaper, shopping, or taking}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {someone to baseball practice, and my father was always
working. He needed}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{overtime whenever he could get it, and weekends were always full of
projects}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {around the
house.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Money was
also a constant worry for my family. With so many
children,}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {our
budget was always tight. Back-to-school shopping was always a
stressful}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {time; we
all wanted the latest fashions, but we could only get a few things.
My}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {younger siblings
lived in hand-me-downs. We shopped at bargain stores and}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {often got clothes that we didn\uc1\u8217Xt
really like because they were on sale. Our}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {house always needed repairs, and there was never enough
money to keep up.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Another problem with large families is that the older siblings always end
up}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {being
babysitters. Like it or not (and most of the time I didn\uc1\u8217Xt like it), I
had to}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {watch my
younger brothers and sisters. At age six, I could change a
diaper}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {like a pro.
I was getting my brothers and sisters dressed, giving them
break-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fast,
helping them get ready for bed.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {I don\uc1\u8217Xt want to give the impression that I
didn\uc1\u8217Xt have a happy childhood. I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {most definitely did; I was loved as much as my parents
could love me, and I}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{had wonderful fun with my brothers and sisters. But I always wanted a
little}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {more time
with Mom and Dad, and I often resented having so much
responsi-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {bility. I
wished my mom wasn\uc1\u8217Xt always so tired and my dad didn\uc1\u8217Xt have to
work}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {so much.
Because I want to be there more for my kids, because I want
them}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to be kids
throughout their childhood, I plan to have a much smaller
family.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This essay is another example of how the
five-paragraph essay works well for timed writ-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing. There is a clear and logical explanation of ideas,
and each main point is explored in its}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {own paragraph. The requirements of the writing prompt
are met in a creative and original}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {manner, while the thesis remains obvious. Evidence and
examples are used well to support}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the ideas, and transitional words and sentences guide
the reader through the piece. The essay}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {demonstrates a sense of audience by using effective
vocabulary, varied sentence structure,}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and fluid, sophisticated language that is essentially
without
errors.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {CHAPTER 8}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
240\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {TIMED PROMPT 4}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
i1493\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Describe the purposes of the
Internet. Include various viewpoints, including that of users and}\i0
\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {providers.}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {In today\uc1\u8217Xs world, the first place people turn
to when there is a question to be}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {answered, information to be located, or people to be
contacted, is often the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Internet. The Internet has supplanted the traditional
encyclopedia as well as a}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {number of other sources of service and information. We
can make reserva-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{tions, plan vacations, play interactive games, learn a language, listen to
music}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or radio
programs, read the newspaper, and find out about a medical
condition,}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {without
coming face to face with another person. There is no limit to the
sub-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ject matter
you can research on the Internet. The Internet allows you
to}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {remain at your
computer and shop no matter what you wish to purchase. And}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {if you are looking for a bargain or an
unusual item, you can go to a popular}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {auction site and either sell or
buy.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {But if you do
wish to speak directly to a person, there are chat rooms.
On}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {practically any
given topic, groups of people converse with each other.
They}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {may be giving
opinions about a perfect travel itinerary, a book, or even a
polit-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ical party.
But perhaps the widest use of the Internet involves directly
writing}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {to a person
by sending e-mail messages to friends and associates. It is
possi-}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ble to
communicate instantly with anyone, anywhere, as long as there is
an}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Internet
connection. In addition to verbal messages, digital pictures may
be}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {transmitted on
the Internet.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{Unfortunately, there are individuals who misuse the opportunities possible
on}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the Internet.
They are less than honest, disguise their identity, bilk people
in}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {financial scams,
and entice unsuspecting people, including children, into
giving}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {them
personal information. They steal people\uc1\u8217Xs identities and use their
credit}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and good
names to make purchases, apply for loans, and steal
assets.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Of course,
the Internet providers, such as AOL, hope to make a profit,
and}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {there is
usually a monthly fee for the hookup. To increase the profits,
the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {providers sell
advertising, which may pop up on the subscriber\uc1\u8217Xs screen
and}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {require the
user to stop and respond, either positively or negatively, to the
ads.}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {When you
consider that you can hear a concert, read a book, visit a
museum}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {and view its
contents, visit the websites of numerous individuals and
organizations,}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {play
a game with one or more people, and pay your bills, you will realize that
the}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {uses of the
Internet are too vast for a short list. Most would agree that
much}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {has been added
to peoples\uc1\u8217X lives by connecting them to the Internet, and that
we}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {probably cannot
anticipate what new purposes will be explored in the
future.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn13
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {EVALUATION}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
i1586\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {This essay satisfies the
requirements of the writing prompt, providing a look at the uses
of}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {the Internet by
users (both good and bad) and providers. It is well-organized and easy
to}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {follow because
of paragraph breaks and transitional words and phrases. The vocabulary
is}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sophisticated,
which elevates this essay. There are almost no errors in grammar, usage,
or}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{mechanics.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {TIMED PROMPT 5}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Personification is the technique wherein
a non-human character is given human thoughts, feel-}\i0 \par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ings, and dialogue. Illustrate how this
technique is used in your favorite novel or short story.}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Personification is the technique where the author gives
non-human charac-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{ters human thoughts, speech, and feelings. This is used well by Rudyard
Kipling}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {in his
short story \uc1\u8220XRikki-Tikki-Tavi.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Without personification, the main
character, who is a mongoose, would not}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {be able to express his feelings. The story would need a
narrator, like the kind}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you see on television\uc1\u8217Xs Wild Discovery. Some
of those documentaries show ani-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mals in the wild, while a narrator tells the audience
why the animals behave}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {certain ways. With personification, a non-fictional
event can be fictionalized.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {For example, a mongoose\uc1\u8217Xs natural enemy in
the wild is the cobra. In}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XRikki-Tikki-Tavi,\uc1\u8221X the mongoose is
the hero, while the cobra is the villain. Both}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {animals have conversations with other
animals and the reader can see what}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {they are thinking about. Rikki-Tikki is nervous to
fight the cobras, but doesn\uc1\u8217Xt}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {show it when he starts to battle. I like how the author
lets the story unfold}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {through personification.}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Although Rikki can\uc1\u8217Xt talk with
his human family, he behaves like a family}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {pet. When the cobras plot to kill the family, Rikki
defends them by killing the}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {snakes. This story follows the common theme of good
versus evil. Without per-}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {sonification, the story would not be so
enjoyable.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
320\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The writer of this essay makes some good
points }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {about personification (it allows the
char-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {acters to
express their feelings, helps the story unfold, and makes it more enjoyable),
and}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {uses examples
from the Kipling story throughout. It is also organized, discussing three
main}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {points, and
transitioning well between them. However, it could be improved through
bet-}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ter variety of
sentence structure and greater development of ideas.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {Note:}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {For more
information about resources to help you write a successful essay, read
the}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Resources at
the end of this
book.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
733\slmult0 \fs72\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Resources}\i0 \par\pard\li1546\ri0\sl-
ddfr3
pard\li0\ri0\sl-1160\widctlpar\intbl \fs94\cf3\f0\charscalex100\b {M}\b0
10000 \pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {any print
and online references were mentioned throughout}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {How
to Write Great}\i0 \par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\widctlpar\intbl
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Essays}\i0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {. Here, you
will find more specific sources of information, including
online}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\widctlpar\intbl \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {help
with text anxiety and many of the best grammar books in
print.}\cell\row}\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-
\*\tx2973\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S S
AY}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {I}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {N
F O R M AT I O N}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{SAT}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i
{Online}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{www.collegeboard.com\uc1\u8212Xinformation from the creator of the
SAT}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Print}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Because the SAT essay was given for the first time in
2004, be certain you use}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {only the latest editions of SAT preparation and
information books.}\par\pard\li4640\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{RESOURCES}\tab \fs16\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {HOW TO WRITE GREAT ESSAYS}\b0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf2\f0\charscalex100\b {111}\b0
\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
\fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {GED}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Online}\b0 \i0 \par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
{RESOURCES}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{www.gedonline.org\uc1\u8212Xliteracy\uc1\u8217Xs site on how to prepare for the
GED essay.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {GED Exam Success in Only 6 Steps}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New York: LearningExpress,
2003).}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {REGENTS}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Online}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{www.gsu.edu/~wwwrtp/\uc1\u8212XState of Georgia Regent\uc1\u8217Xs Site, with
sample essay}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {test
form, list of topics, and scoring information}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Search for specific information on your
state\uc1\u8217Xs test using your state name and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220XRegents essay\uc1\u8221X as
search terms.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
373\slmult0 \fs24\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {COLLEGE
APPLICATION}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i
{Online}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{www.collegelink.com\uc1\u8212XThis site\uc1\u8217Xs services include college and
scholarship}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{searches, test preparation, electronic college applications, and advice on
pay-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ing for
college. You can order either hard copies or Portable Document
For-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mat (PDF)
applications.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{www.xap.com\uc1\u8212XAlmost 600 applications, scholarship and college
searches,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {career
information, and a high school planner are found here. No
general}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {information
entry; each application m}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ust be filled out
individually. Xap.com}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {also runs 29 mentor sites, most state-based, which also
provide online applica-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {tions, as well as a confidential way to communicate
with a college in which}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {you may be interested. You may also transfer data from
your applications}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{directly to the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) on the
WEB}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {financial aid
application.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Starkey, Lauren.}{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Goof-
Proof College Admissions Essays}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New York:
Learning-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Express,
2003).}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
{RESOURCES}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-
\*\tx4240\*\tx5173\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {D}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E A L I N G W I T H}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {T}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E S T}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {A}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {N X I E T
Y}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
400\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Online}\b0 \i0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{www.utexas.edu/student/utlc/handouts/1305.html\uc1\u8212X}\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex1
00\i {How to Keep Calm Dur-}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {ing Tests}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, from the
University of Texas at Austin\uc1\u8217Xs Learning Center.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
{www.sas.calpoly.edu/asc/ssl/tests.panic.tips.html\uc1\u8212X}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscal
ex100\i {Combating Test Panic}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{from}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {California
Polytechnic State University Study Skills Library.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Print}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Secrets of Taking Any Test}\i0
1997).}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {10 Secrets to Acing Any High School
Test}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New York: LearningExpress,
{W}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R I T I N G}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E S O U R C E
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {www.bartleby.com}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xwithout a doubt, the best online reference
site. It has a}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{searchable database of reference guides, encyclopedias, and much more.
Just}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {some of the
works you will find here include}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The American
Heritage Dictio-}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {nary of the English Language}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, Fowler\uc1\u8217Xs }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{Modern English Usage}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The Elements of}\i0 \par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Style}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {,
and}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The American Heritage Book of English
Usage}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{http://webster.commnet.edu/grammar/}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8212Xthis guide to grammar and writing,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {maintained by Professor Charles Darling of
Capital Community College, in}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Hartford, Connecticut, is a comprehensive site with a
particularly useful \uc1\u8220Xask}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {grammar\uc1\u8221X service.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {www.askoxford.com}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8212Xsite has sections on classic errors and helpful hints,
bet-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {ter writing,
and ask the experts. You can sign up for \uc1\u8220Xword of the day\uc1\u8221X e-
mails,}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {or chat with
others about language questions.}\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i
{Print}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{Writing Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New
York: LearningExpress, 2001).}\par\pard\li1813\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\*\tx3493\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {S}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {P E L
L I N G}\b0 \tab \fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R}\b0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E S O U R C E S}\b0 \par\pard\li1493\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Online}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
{www.dictionary.com}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xthis site provides a
useful online dictionary (with the-}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {saurus). You can sign up for \uc1\u8220Xword of the
day\uc1\u8221X e-mails to help expand your}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {vocabulary.}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{www.funbrain.com/spell}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xthis site is
designed for young people with a Spell}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Check spelling
game.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
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{RESOURCES}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsx
n133\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {www.m-w.com}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xthe Merriam Webster Online site has a number
of interesting}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{features that will make you forget you are trying to improve your
spelling!}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Check out
the Word for the Wise section (www.m-w.com/wftw/wftw.htm)
for}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {fun facts about
words.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {www.randomhouse.com/words/}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xhere you will find crossword puzzles,
quizzes,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{dictionaries, and other fun stuff all in one site.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {www.spellingbee.com/index.shtml}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xthe Scripps Howard National Spelling
Bee}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {site
contains \uc1\u8220XCarolyn\uc1\u8217Xs Corner\uc1\u8221X with weekly tips and
information on spelling.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
{www.spellweb.com}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xthis site will help
you to pick the correct spelling of two}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {versions of a word or phrase.}\par\pard\li1586\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Print}\b0 \i0 \par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Vocabulary and Spelling Success in 20 Minutes a Day,
3rd Edition}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New York:}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-
306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {LearningExpress,
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Devine, Felice.}
{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Goof-Proof Spelling}\i0
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {1,001 Vocabulary and Spelling
Questions, 2nd Edition}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New York:
Learning-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Express,
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Agnes, Michael.}
{ }\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Webster\uc1\u8217Xs New World Pocket
Misspeller\uc1\u8217Xs Dictionary}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New
York:}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Hungry Minds,
{G}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R A M M A R}\b0 \tab
\fs28\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {R}\b0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b {E S O U R C E
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{http://babel.uoregon.edu/yamada/guides/esl.html}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8212XUniversity of Oregon,}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Yamada Language Center
website.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i
{www.protrainco.com/info/grammar.htm}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8212X}\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Good Grammar, Good Style Pages}\i0
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {by}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {The Professional Training
Company.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {www.englishgrammar101.com}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xthis site offers several English
grammar}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{tutorials.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx2306\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {www.dailygrammar.com}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8212Xthis site offers daily e-mail messages with
a gram-}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {mar lesson
five days of the week and a quiz on the sixth day.}\par\pard\li2066\ri0\sl-
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {www.grammarbook.com}\i0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8212Xthe popular}{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Blue Book of Grammar and
Punctuation}\i0 \par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100
{online, with simple explanations of grammar and punctuation pitfalls,
and}\par\pard\li2306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {separate
exercises and answer
keys.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn12240\pghsxn15840\marglsxn666\margrsxn133\
2;12;16384;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;1;45824;24577;32768}}
240\slmult0 \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\b \i {Print}\b0 \i0
\fs18\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {RESOURCES}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
i1973\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2213\fs12\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u9632X}\tab
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Devine, Felice.}{ }\fs20\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Goof-
Proof Grammar}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New York: LearningExpress,
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {501 Grammar and Writing
Questions}\i0 { }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {(New York: LearningExpress,
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {Grammar Essentials}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, 2nd edition (New York: LearningExpress,
{\uc1\u9632X}\tab \fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Straus, Jane.}
{ }\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100\i {The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation}\i0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {, 7th edition (Mill}\par\pard\li2213\ri0\sl-306\slmult0
\fs22\cf1\f0\charscalex100 {Valley: Jane Straus, 2001).}\par}

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