Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Immunity
Blood is a tissue
I) Transport
II) Homeostatic
Regulation
Countercurrent Heat
exchange
Components of Blood
Components of blood
Components of blood
1) Plasma
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2) Formed Portion
Red
Blood
Cell
White
Blood
cell
Platelet
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Cellular components of
blood
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Hematocrit
Hematocrit: The
percentage of red blood
cells in the blood.
A normal count is about
40%. A normal male will
have about 5.5 million
RBCs per milliliter of
blood while the average
female will have about
4.5 million. Individuals
who live at very high
altitudes may have as
many as 8 million RBCs
per milliliter.
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Hemoglobin:
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Deoxygena
ted Blood
seen with
infrared
Oxygenated
blood cells
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Erythropoiesis:
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Bilirubin is a yellow-brown
compound that is responsible for the
colour of bile and feces. Bilirubin
can be seen as the yellow residue
left after a bruise, and an
accumulation of it in the body is
called Jaundice.
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Breakdown of RBC
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Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Eosinophi
ls
Basophils
Neutrophi
ls
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
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III) Platelets
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Damaged tissue
and platelets
release
Thromboplastin
into the blood. This,
combined with
Ca2+ starts the
clotting process
Prothrombin
Thrombin
Fibrinogen
Fibrin
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Clot
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Blood Disorders
Artery blocked
with Thrombis
Normal Artery
Clot
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Lymphatic filariasis
(elephantitis)-
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Lymphatic System
Capillary Bed
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Lymphatic System:
Lymphatic system
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Macrophage
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The
macrophag
e (A) trying
to reach
out to the
bacteria
(C) and
entrap it
with an
extension
called
pseudopodi
a (B).
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III)
Third Line of Defence
(The Immune Response)
The third line of defence begins after
a pathogen has been destroyed .
All cells have special markers located on
their cell membranes. These specific
protein markers are called antigens.
Normally the body does not react to
their own markers.
Antigen- molecules found on the surface of
cells and on pathogens. Antigens provide an
identification system.
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Killer T
cells
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Cells, particles, or
molecules that are marked
with antibodies may:
1. be
phagocytized
(engulfed) by
neutrophils or
macrophages.
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Immune response
summarized:
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Interferon: an
anti viral drug
that can also be
used to fight
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Bloo
d
Type
Antibodies Antigens
in Plasma
on Red
blood
cell
Can
receive
blood
from
Can give
blood
too
Anti-B
A antigen A and O
A and AB
Anti-A
B antigen B and O
B and AB
AB
No
antibodies
A and B
A, B, AB
and O
AB
Anti- A and
Anti- B
None
A, B, AB
and O
90
Erythroblastosis fetalis
(hemolytic disease) or blue
baby
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Immune system
disorders