Professional Documents
Culture Documents
B Ra - Vng Tu
NI SAN S 07 - THNG 01/2016
MC LC - CONTENT
TIN TC - HOT NG (NEWS AND ACTIVITIES)
Kt qu cng tc ng b nm 2015 - The 2015 year-ended summation of BariaVungtau Teacher Training College Partys affairs..................................................6
Trn Thu Hin: S dng phng php nghin cu tnh hung trong dy hc Tm
l hc - Case study methods and Psychology teaching.........................................28
L Vn Hng: Khng gian ngh thut trong tiu thuyt Lo Goriot Ca Honore
De Balzac - The art space in Le Pre Goriot by Honor de Balzac...................35
ng Minh Quang: S dng thit b dy hc nng cao cht lng dy - hc Teaching devices and their importance in improving teaching and learning quality..39
H Cnh Hnh
Hiu trng
V Th Thanh: T chc cho sinh vin tip cn hot ng tri nghim sng to trong
chng trnh gio dc ph thng mi trng Cao ng s phm B Ra Vng
Tu- Students of BRVT Teacher Training College adopting creative experiential
approach of the new general education curriculum................................................51
TRNH BY:
Phm Ngc Tn
Nguyn Vit Hng, Trang th Xun Bnh thn-Poems for the Year of the Red Fire
Monkey.............................................................................................................92-93
Nhng nhn vt tui Bnh Thn trong lch s Vit Nam - Notable Vietnamese born
in the year of the Red Fire Monkey.......................................................................94
Chc
Mng
Nm
Mi
2016
Knh chc
Sc khe
Hnh phc
An khang
Thnh Vng
An
Khang
Thnh
Vng
Chc
Mng
Nm
Mi
2016
TIN TC - HOT NG
KT QU CNG TC NG B NM 2015
i s lnh o ca ng y, s
c gng, n lc phn u ca tng
ng vin, cn b, vin chc v
sinh vin nh trng, ng b hon thnh
c bn cc ch tiu k hoch ra. ng b vi
s ng vin chim 46,7% tng s cn b, vin
chc ton trng, lun gi vng vai tr lnh o
ton din cc mt hot ng ca nh trng.
Tnh hnh chnh tr, t tng trong ton
ng b c gi vng, ni b on kt, vic
thc hin cc nhim v chnh tr theo ng k
hoch nm hc. Trong nm 2015 t chc 08
t hc tp chuyn t tng o c H Ch
Minh kt hp qun trit Ngh quyt TW ln th
10 v 12 (kha XI) cho 1.827 CBVC v SVHS
nh trng, c th: 03 t cho CBVC t
86,86% (ng vin t 100%), 05 t cho sinh
vin t 97,8%; kt np mi c 05 ng vin
l sinh vin; phi hp ng y Khi m lp to
ngun kt np ng cho 37 qun chng u t.
Kt qu nh gi xp loi ng vin v t
chc ng nm 2015: C 3/5 chi b c cng
nhn Chi b trong sch, vng mnh, trong c
01 chi b c khen thng l Chi b trong sch,
vng mnh tiu biu; ng b t nh gi t
96/100 im - t tiu chun t chc ng Trong
sch, vng mnh; c 67 ng vin thuc din
nh gi xp loi. Kt qu 66 ng vin c nh
gi hon thnh tt nhim v (t 98,5%), trong
c 11/67 ng vin c nh gi hon thnh xut
sc nhim v (t 16,4%); 01 chi b c khen
thng v cng tc pht trin ng vin v 11 ng
vin c ng b khen thng v thnh tch xut
sc v 05 ng vin c khen thng v thnh
tch hot ng chuyn mn, nghip v; 01 ng
vin c ngh ng y Khi tng Giy khen.
i ng nh trng ngy cng c nng
cao cht lng. n cui nm 2015, i ng
nh trng c 74/86 ging vin trnh trn i
hc (t 86%), trong c 8 trnh tin s (t
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TIN TC - HOT NG
mnh. Cng on trng c nhn Bng
khen ca LL tnh, hi Khuyn hc v chi
hi Khoa hc tm l - Gio dc c nhn
Bng khen ca Trung ng hi, hi Cu chin
binh c tnh hi tng Giy khen; on trng
v Hi Sinh vin tip tc c nhn danh hiu
L c u trong phong tro thi ua khi cc
trng H, C trong tnh; 01 sinh vin t
danh hiu Sao thng Ging cp TW; 05 sinh
vin t danh hiu Sinh vin 5 tt v 02 sinh
B Nguyn Th Yn, Ph B th thng trc Tnh y tng hoa chc mng nh trng
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TIN TC - HOT NG
MT S KT QU HOT NG
HC K I NM HC 2015 - 2016
1. Kt qu hot ng o to
Nm hc 2015 2016, nh trng thc
hin chng trnh o to chnh quy cho 2
ngnh i hc (lin kt o to), 16 ngnh cao
ng (trong c ngnh mi l Cao ng Ting
Nht), 3 ngnh trung cp v 1 ngnh cao ng
o to lin thng hnh thc va lm va hc.
H o to va lm va hc: T chc
tuyn sinh 309 hc vin; thi tt nghip cho 446
hc vin.
2. Cng tc bi dng
- Bi dng nng cao trnh chuyn mn,
nghip v cho cn b, ging vin v nhn vin
ca trng: Nh trng c nhiu lt cn b,
ging vin tham gia cc lp tp hun hi tho
v chng trnh gio dc ph thng tng th, v
m hnh trng hc mi VNEN.
Kt qu hc lc ca kha 17 c 2.35% xp
loi xut sc; 12,94% xp loi gii v 50,29%
xp loi kh. Cc kha khc ang t chc thi v
tng kt.
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TIN TC - HOT NG
3. Hot ng nghin cu khoa hc
Cng vi dy hc, nghin cu khoa hc
va c nh trng khuyn khch va l
nhim v bt buc i vi cc ging vin. Thc
hin k hoch nm hc 2015 2016, trong hc
k 1 va qua, nhng hot ng nghin cu
khoa hc chnh c thc hin nh: Tham
gia vit bi cho Hi tho khoa hc ton quc (6
bi), cho Hi tho do S Gio dc v o to t
chc (4 bi); 8 ti nghin cu khoa hc/ ti
liu ging dy cp trng c duyt nghin
cu (s hon tt v nghim thu vo cui nm
hc); 30 sng kin kinh nghim ang c xem
xt nghim thu; t chc Hi tho gp cho D
tho Chng trnh gio dc ph thng tng th,
vi s hin din v tham gia ch tr ca i din
B Gio dc v o to.
4. Cng tc hc sinh, sinh vin
Thc hin k hoch nm hc 2015 2016, Phng Cng tc Sinh vin phi hp
vi on trng v Hi Sinh vin Nh trng
pht ng cc t phong tro thi ua nhm t
chc cc hot ng hng ti cho mng k
nim cc ngy l ln trong nm; ng thi to
sn chi tinh thn, tr tu, thit thc gp phn
xy dng mi trng gio dc thn thin,
trong sch, lnh mnh trong hc sinh, sinh
vin (HSSV) nh trng.
Ton th HSSV nh trng hng ng
si ni v tham gia tch cc cc phong tro hot
ng. Ban cn s cc lp, chi on, chi hi
thng xuyn theo di k hoch, qun trit n
tng HSSV cc phong tro hot ng c
trin khai mt cch su rng, hiu qu v t
kt qu cao. 100% HSSV nh trng chp
hnh nghim chnh Lut An ton giao thng,
khng c hin tng HSSV vi phm php lut,
vi phm ni quy n np v quy ch ni, ngoi
tr b x l k lut. Nhiu hot ng v sn chi
tr tu, lnh mnh, b ch nhm gio dc cho
HSSV thc hc tp v rn luyn c t
chc nh: mt tinh k nim 33 nm Ngy Nh
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TIN TC - HOT NG
khuyt tt v ngi gi neo n ti Vin dng
lo tnh BR-VT vi tng s tin 11.700.000.
Ngy hi Hin mu nhn o thu ht hn 400
HSSV ng k v c 161 HSSV c hin
mu trong t ny.
Phong tro thi ua thc s tr thnh
ng lc HSSV phn u hc tp, rn
luyn, hot ng phong tro. Nhiu tp th v
c nhn lp c thnh tch xut sc, c
nh trng v t chc on Hi khen thng.
Tiu biu cho phong tro thi ua trong hc
k 1 l 50 HSSV t danh hiu Sinh vin 5
ttcp trng, 6 HSSV t danh hiu Sinh
vin 5 ttcp tnh (V L Thanh Thy, H Th
Thy, Nguyn Th Nh v Nguyn Hong
10
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TIN TC - HOT NG
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11
TIN TC - HOT NG
B Nguyn Th Yn (ba tri), Ph B th Thng trc Tnh y v ch V Ngc Thanh Trc, B th Tnh on trao
gii thng Sao thng Ging nm 2015 cp TW cho SV Phm Vn Phc - ngnh Gio dc Tiu hc.
ng H Cnh Hnh trao phn thng cho CB, VC t gii trong phong tro thi ua
cho mng ngy 20-11
12
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TIN TC - HOT NG
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13
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
14
- Chng xp cc lp bn khc:bin
giilnh th, ng giao thng, cc im gii
tr,...
-
Hnh nh ni (3 chiu) cc ta nh
mt s thnh ph trn th gii.
-
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
xe p, cho ngi i b v xe hi, v nhng a
im kinh doanh trong khu vc cng nh khp
ni trn th gii. c bit ng dng ny khng
cn ci t, ch cn truy cp theo a ch https://
www.google.com/maps.
Google Maps, Google Earth l hai ng
dng hon ton c lp, tuy nhin nhng nm
gn y chng c nhiu im tng ng ging
nhau: nh h tr hnh nh 3D, tm kim a
danh, xc nh ta
2.1.3. Microsoft Encarta
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15
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
Chng ta nhp phi chut vo mt v tr no
trn bn Google Maps, chn chc nng
y l g?, lp tc n cho chng ta bit ta
ca v tr (trong Google Earth s dng chc
nng add placemark
). Hoc ngc li, khi
nhp ta ca mt v tr trong mc tm kim,
Google Maps v Google Earth s a chng ta
n v tr trn bn .
V d: Trong hc phn a l t nhin
Vit Nam, hng dn sinh vin tm hiu dy
Hong Lin Sn, mun bit ta a l ca
nh Fansipan c mnh danh l nc nh
ca ng Dng, t nh Fansipan trn bn
ca Google Maps nhp phi chut chn
y l g?, Google Maps cho bit ta l
221811.9N 1034629.9E.
- Xem bn a hnh: Trong hc phn
a l t nhin i cng 1, a l t nhin Vit
Nam sinh vin thy c min ni l tp
hp ca nhiu vng ni phn b trn mt din
tch rng ln, ni c th ng n l hoc tp
hp thnh dy, c hnh thi phn d r nt: nh
nhn, sn dc, nh trn, sn thoi, thung
lng su, cao thay i trn nhng khong
cch khng ln v mt s dng a hnh khc,
bn giy kh th hin. Tuy nhin vi Google
Earth vi bn cht l phn mm 3D, d dng
th hin im mnh khi cho chng ta xem bn
a hnh.
16
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TIN TC - HOT NG
m Encarta cung cp u rt y nh v
12 loi bn th gii gm: bn t trng
dn s (population density), bn ngn ng
(language), bn mi gi (time zone), bn
nhit (temperature), bn thng k
(statistical)...
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17
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
Earth v Microsoft Encarta minh ha, v xin
khng a ni dung chi tit.
I. Gii thiu khi qut v Hoa K
1. Gii thiu v tr a l ca Hoa K: s
dng chc nng tm kim, tra cu thng tin
lin quan v a im, a danh ca Google
Maps & Google Earth, hoc s dng chc nng
Tm hiu a danh v cc thng tin lin quan
ca Encarta.
Hnh 10: S dng Google Earth tra cu bn
a hnh ca Hoa K
2. Tm ta ca Nh Trng: s dng
chc nng bit v tr tm ta hoc ngc li
ca Google Maps hoc Google Earth.
18
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
Phn b khng u th hin s tng phn
hai chiu Bc-Nam v ng-Ty, s dng chc
nng Tra cu cc dng bn khc nhau ca
Encarta chn bn t trng dn s.
Vi s h tr ca Google Maps, Google
Earth v Microsoft Encarta gip cho phn
u ca bi dy Hp chng quc Hoa K
c minh ha r rng hn, m bn giy
hay m hnh qu a cu khng th lm c.
3. Kt lun
mt tit dy t hiu qu cao, sinh vin
hng th trong gi hc, ngi ging vin nn s
dng kt hp nhiu ngun hc liu khc nhau.
Trong , cc ng dng Google Maps, Google
Earth v Microsoft Encarta u l nhng sn
phm cng ngh cao, ph thng, s dng n
gin v c bit l min ph, c ng dng
rng ri ti nhiu nc trn th gii. Vi 03 ng
Sinh vin Nguyn Ngc Vnh Thnh- ngnh C Ting Anh t gii Nht trong cuc thi Th lnh Sinh
vin nm 2015 do Tnh on v Hi Sinh vin t chc.
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19
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
2. Ni dung
2.1.1. Tc gi
Mn Gic, 1052-1096, l mt Thin s
Vit Namthuc i th 8 ca dng ThinV
Ngn Thng. S ni php Thin s Qung
Tr v truyn tm n li cho t l Bn
Tnh. Vi bi th Co tt th chng, ng
c nhiu ngi coi l mt nh th i biu
ca dngvn th L-Trn.
i s Mn Gic tn tc l Nguyn Trng,
cha l Hoi T lm chc Trung th Vin ngoi
lang. Thiu thi, L Nhn Tng thng mi con
* Trng phng Cng tc sinh vin
20
Phin m:
Co tt th chng
Xun kh bch hoa lc,
Xun o bch hoa khai.
S trc nhn tin qu,
Lo tng u thng lai.
Mc v xun tn hoa lc tn,
nh tin tc d nht chi mai.
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
Dch ngha:
C bnh bo mi ngi
Xun i, trm hoa rng,
Xun n, trm hoa n.
Vic i theo nhau ui qua trc mt,
Tui gi hin n t trn mi u.
ng cho rng xun tn th hoa rng ht,
m qua, mt cnh mai n trc sn.
2.2. Co tt th chng t nhng gc
nhn ca ngi tip nhn
2.2.1. Co tt th chng qua cm nhn
ca Trn Phc S
M u bi bnh ca mnh, Trn Phc
S i t l v thng, t s thay i ca t
nhin, t ni au ca con ngi v sinh - tr - d
- dit khng nh rng: Mn Gic thin s
mm ci trc mi s i thay ca vn vt,
ca kip ngi.
Theo Trn Phc S, m iu ca bi k
nghe u u nh mt cn ma r ro trn
mi tn...Bt cht ma trt ht, dt ln mi tn
nhng m thanh mnh m ri tt ngm v khi
nhn ra ngoi tri sng tnh. Tc gi so
snh m iu, cu t ca bi k vi Mu thi
gian ca on Ph T v tinh t cho rng: m
iu bi k va mang tnh su lng ca ng
thi, va phng pht ci trm hng ca bn nhc
giao hng c in, v nu Mu thi gian
chuyn t th tht ngn sang ng ngn th Co
tt th chng ngc li lng l ph by s vic
trc mt t th th ng ngn, bt cht kt
thc bng hai cu tht ngn tht bt thn, tht
sng to.
T vic cm nhn m iu, cu t khng
nh gi tr ngh thut ca tc phm, ngi bnh
i vo ct ngha nhng nhn t ca bi k.
Tc gi cho rng: Mn Gic thin s s dng
cc ng t xu hng kh o, qu
lai trong th bin ngu cht ch th hin
s lp li, xoay vn ca v tr, v ln c
ci man mc, v bin ca v tr, s vn hnh
bt tn.., ngi bnh khng nh: l DCH
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21
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
Thanh Xun tng tngMn Gic ang mt
mnh ng trn trin dc ngm nhn nh hong
hn ca i mnh. V tc gi cho rng cng
l mt phong cch t duy cn bn ca thin hc
m nh s thm nhun: p v ci nh
kin thng hng a v mt thc tnh mi.
n vi nhng cu k tip theo, Thanh
Xun cm nhn v l gii l cm thc ca
mt con ngi nm vng quy lut ca t
nhin, hay l s o luyn ca con ngi qua
ci trn. Theo ngi bnh, cu ni ca Mn
Gic a ngha, a thanh, c th vui m cng
lm ngm ngi nhng trn ht l mt thc
trn y v s hin hu ca mnh. Tc gi
khng nh: l thc ca thin s v s hn
hu ca i ngi Ta gi ri, hnh trnh ca
ta khng cn bao nhiu na, mi gn b ca ta
vi ci trn ch l si t mong manh trc gi.
T y Thanh Xun cho rng: Nu con ngi
ta c nim t ho khng ging c cy th con
ngi cng c nim au mt i khng tr li.
Tc gi khng nh hai cu hay nht ca
bi k chnh l: Mc v xun tn hoa lc tn,
nh tin tc d nht chi mai. Theo ngi bnh,
qua li k, thin s mun ni vi chng sinh
rng: ng bn khon nhiu v l t sinh tru
tng m h. Hy bt run s trc quy lut
lnh lng ca to ha bi ngay c trong ngy
xun tn vn c mt nhnh mai n...trn tro tn
gch vn v c h o ca b du, bt chp ci
khun kh thi gian hn nh m to ha dnh
cho mun loi, cnh mai y m thm tch t
ngun nha nguyn s hi sinh, ny lc, tr
bng. V ri mt m, bng n, khng cn i
nh nng mt tri: mt s sinh tn hon ton t
do, t ti!.
T s cm nhn y tinh t , Thanh
Xun i n kt lun: Bi k ca Mn Gic
thin s vt qua tnh cht suy tng thun
ty ca trit hc tr thnh thi ca. Hp thu ci
ngn ng s khai hnh tng ca t tri v ci
uyn o ca thin, n tr thnh mt bi th
ton bch.
22
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
pht nh ting th di nh v su ch khng u
ut. T y, Qu Hng khng nh mt iu
rng: thc h tam gio ng nguyn thm
m trong t tng nh s Mn Gic v Bi
k l bin, ni nhng con sng t tng lng l
v, ha tan trong , ch cn nghe nhp th
ca Sng.
n hai cui bi k, Qu Hng cht rng
mnh khi i din vi cnh mai b nh t trong
bng ti bao la v b mt hm qua c mt trong
cnh xun tn ca v thin s: cnh mai mun
y m thm khng nh cuc sng bt dit,
ma xun vnh hng. Phi hiu mai v yu i
lm, thin s mi cnh mai y trong bi k
lm trc khi mt. Chnh v vy m theo ngi
bnh, Cp cui ca bi k nh bng vi hnh.
Cu trn tm mnh trong cu di, cng chnh
l hnh bng cuc i: Mong manh, bt nh m
bt dit!...Cnh mai y vn lung linh ti thm
trong dng thi gian v thy v chung. T ,
Qu Hng nhn gi ngi c: Sng thanh
thn, i nh nhng. Ta , ta i, khng vnh bit.
T s cm nhn ngn ng, m iu, trit
l nhn sinh ca bi k, Qu Hng cho rng:
Mn Gic l thin s, Co tt th chng l
mt bi k m sao tc gi c mun gi s l
mt nh th bi bi k l mt bi th ch thc,
khng dng m vn m mu ngh thut.
C ci g Ht ln y, gia bao la v b nh,
bt bin v vn bin, hy dit v bt dit. o
v i. Ngi v S.
2.2.4. Mt vi cm nhn ring ca bn
thn v bi th
Co tt th chng l thi phm c o th
hin nim tin mnh m ca thin s Mn Gic
vo cuc sng. Bi k l tc phm trc tuyt ca
s kt hp hai ni dung tn gio v nhn vn.
Xu th thi i v cm thc tn gio ha
quyn vo nhau a bi th tin xa hn ci mc
ch ban u ca n l nhm rn dy chng sinh
t. V mt ngh thut, bi th s dng kh
nhiu hnh nh biu tng, ngn gn, hm sc,
dung d, t nhin,..
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23
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
Du rng cch xa chng ta gn 1000
nm nhng ci huyn diu trong tm hn ca v
thin st ng ny vn cn vang vng, nhc
nh con ngi hy nh cuc i ny l hu hn,
l v thng sng cho thanh thn, cho trn
vn kip ngi. Cnh mai cui bi k l nim
an i, nim hy vng, nim tin mnh lit vo s
ti sinh. Mn Gic thin s li cho i
mt cnh mai kht vng, mt li rn dy qu
bu: Con ngi phi thu l v thng sng
thanh thn, mm ci trc l ha sinh v ng
bao gi gc ng trc tht bi gian nan.
3. Kt lun
L thuyt Tip nhn hin i t ra vn
i thoi gia ngi c v tc phm, mi
quan h gia vn bn vn chng vi ngi
c. Mi tc phm vn chng l mt vn
bn ngn t ngh thut v nh vn, nh th l
nhng ngh nhn ngn t luyn nn tc phm
vn chng vi nhiu tng ngha. Tc phm
vn chng bao gi cng m ra nhng chn tri
ch i cho ngi tip nhn. Ngi tip nhn
tc phm vn chng khng phi l thun nht
m l rt nhiu i tng vi nhiu tm n
nhn khc nhau. Cng mt tc phm nhng
ty tng giai on lch s, tng khng gian c
th v tng i tng vi lch thm m khc
nhau m cch tip nhn tc phm y cng khc
nhau. Ni theo cch ca Roman Ingaden th
mi tc phm vn hc u dang d, lun i
hi s b sung m khng bao gi ta t ti gii
hn cui cng bng vn bn.
Qua cch nhn ca ba tc gi v Co tt th
chng ca Mn Gic thin s mt tc phm
xut sc trong vn hoa vn hc Thin i L,
ta thy bi th m ra cho ngi c nhng
chn tri tip nhn ring ht sc c o, th v
nhng chiu kch khc nhau. Ch l hai cu
cui ca bi th thi nhng nu Trn Phc
S cm nhn n nghe nh l s ngng tnh t
ngt v tri sng ca mt cn ma vn v,
dn dp th vi Trn Th Thanh Xun li l ci
b chn dng nc tri xuichic cc neo
24
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
T CH CA CC C S GIO DC I HC
CNG LP PHI GN LIN VI VIC NNG
CAO TRCH NHIM X HI
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25
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
trin di hn, t chc b my, xy dng cc tiu
chun v ch tiu tuyn sinh, chng trnh, gio
trnh, ti liu tham kho, chuyn kho, c s d
liu nghin cu, chin lc pht trin quc t,
quy nh mc hc ph, hc bng, quy ch khen
thng, k lut.
Th hai, trong iu kin chuyn t nn
kinh t k hoch ha sang pht trin nn kinh t
th trng nh hng x hi ch ngha, nhu cu
x hi i vi o to rt a dng, v vy vic
pht trin chuyn mn v kh nng m rng
quan h cn c trao cho cc c s o to
h c th ch ng, tch cc iu tra, kho
st th trng c th p ng tt nht nhu
cu ca x hi. Cc c s gio dc i hc l t
chc trc tip thc hin cc nhim v ca gio
dc i hc, h l ngi hiu r nht nhng nhu
cu ca x hi v o to i hc, iu kin kh
nng thc hin ca c s mnh v vy cn trao
quyn t ch cho h v h l ngi c th a ra
cc quyt nh chnh xc nht, ph hp nht. C
quan qun l nh nc v gio dc ch nn ch
yu thc hin chc nng hoch nh chin lc
pht trin gio dc o to, qun l chng
trnh, ch tiu tuyn sinhv l khu trung gian
phn b ngn sch tip nhn t nh nc n
cc c s o to.
2. Vic trao quyn t ch nu thiu c
ch yu cu trch nhim x hi ca cc c s
gio dc i hc s d pht sinh tiu cc
Trch nhim x hi chnh l vic nh
trng t nh gi v gim st vic thc hin
cc quy nh ca nh nc, sn sng gii trnh,
cng khai, minh bch trc nh nc, ngi
hc, ngi s dng sn phm gio dc hay ni
chung l trc x hi cc hot ng ca nh
trng v chu trch nhim v cc kt qu hot
ng ca mnh. Trch nhim x hi ca cc c
s o to chnh l trch nhim m bo cht
lng o to, cht lng u ra v s dng c
hiu qu cc ngun lc, thng tin minh bch.
Trc ht, cc mt sau y ca nh trng phi
26
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
ngnh, khoa v n ging vin khng nng
lc nhm t li nhun cao. iu ny s dn ti
ngi hc phi tr mc ph cao trong khi cht
lng dch v m h c hng khng tng
xng vi ngun lc m h b ra. Khi cc c
s o to i hc c t ch trong tuyn dng
nhn s m thiu kim sot h c th tuyn dng
nhng ging vin khng c nng lc nhng c
quan h, quen bit vi nhng ngi c quyn.
c quyn t ch trong m ngnh, cc trng
c th ch o to ngnh hot, ngnh thu hc
ph cao m b nhng ngnh x hi cn nhn lc
nhng kh thu hc ph cao, dn ti mt cn i
trong c cu ngun nhn lc t nc so vi
yu cu ca s pht trin t nc. Tm li, trao
quyn t ch m khng gn vi trch nhim x
hi s c th dn ti nhiu h qu tiu cc v
cht lng o to v i chch hng mc tiu
o to.
3. Mt s gii php gn vic trao quyn
t ch vi nng cao trch nhim x hi ca
cc c s gio dc i hc
gn vic m rng quyn t ch vi
nng cao trch nhim x hi ca cc c s gio
dc i hc cng lp cn ch thc hin tt cc
gii php sau y.
M rng quyn t ch cho cc c s o
to i hc cng lp phi gn vi vic thc hin
kim nh cht lng gio dc. Chng ta cn
sm thnh lp c cc c quan kim nh cht
lng o to i hc vi i ng nhn lc c
trnh . c bit, vic kim nh cht lng
cn c cc tiu ch, phng php o lng
c th, chnh xc v cng bng. Mc giao
quyn t ch phi ph hp theo cn c kim
nh cht lng o to. Ngha l mc t ch
ca cc c s o to i hc l khng ging
nhau. Chng ta ch giao quyn t ch khi c
kh nng. ng thi, nng cao cht lng kim
nh, m bo kt qu kim nh l cn c cn
bn, khch quan, chnh xc cng nhn ng
cp ca mt trng. Ch c nh vy mi buc
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
28
2. Ni dung
2.1. Khi qut v phng php nghin
cu tnh hung trong dy hc
2.1.1. Tnh hung
Theo T in Ting Vit, tnh hung l
ton th nhng s vic xy ra ti mt a im,
trong mt thi gian c th, buc ngi ta phi
suy ngh, hnh ng, i ph, tm cch gii
quyt.
Tnh hung cng c th c hiu l s m
t hay trnh by mt trng hp c tht trong
thc t hoc m phng nhm a ra mt vn
cha c gii quyt v qua i hi ngi
c (ngi nghe) phi gii quyt vn .
gc Tm l hc, tnh hung l h
thng cc s kin bn ngoi c quan h vi ch
th, c tc dng thc y ch th . Trong quan
h khng gian, tnh hung xy ra bn ngoi
nhn thc ca ch th. Trong quan h thi gian,
tnh hung xy ra trc so vi hnh ng ca
ch th. Trong quan h chc nng, tnh hung
l s c lp ca cc s kin i vi ch th
thi im m ngi thc hin hnh ng [3].
2.1.2. Tnh hung dy hc
Mt tnh hung thng thng cha phi l
mt tnh hung dy hc. N ch tr thnh tnh
hung dy hc khi ngi gio vin (GV) a
nhng ni dung cn truyn th vo trong cc s
kin tnh hung v cu trc cc s kin sao cho
ph hp vi logic s phm, khi ngi hc
gii quyt n s t c mc tiu dy hc.
Trong ging dy, tnh hung khng phi l
nhng trng hp bt k trong thc t m l
nhng tnh hung c iu chnh, nghin
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
cu k lng mang tnh in hnh v phc
v tt cho mc ch v mc tiu gio dc, tc
l gip cho ngi hc c th hiu v vn dng
tri thc cng nh rn luyn c cc k nng
v k xo. Tnh hung c s dng khiu
khch ngi hc phn tch, bnh lun, nh gi,
suy xt v trnh by tng ca mnh qua
, tng bc chim lnh tri thc hay vn dng
nhng kin thc hc vo nhng trng hp
thc t.
Phn loi tnh hung dy hc
- Da vo nhim v cn gii quyt:
+ Tnh hung cng c: Tnh hung dng
cng c v m rng tri thc hc.
+ Tnh hung pht trin: Tnh hung dng
hnh thnh v pht trin tri thc mi.
+ Tnh hung tm gii php cho hnh ng:
Tm cch gii quyt vn mi phc tp, cn
phi tri qua mt qu trnh gia cng mi gii
quyt c
+ Tnh hung ph phn: Ra kt lun cc
hnh ng xy ra l ng hay sai
- Da vo tnh cht thc t ca s kin
+ Tnh hung thc t: Tnh hung c
chn lc t nhng s kin trong cuc sng
+ Tnh hung gi nh: Tnh hung c
cc nh s phm gia cng to dng ln [2]
2.1.3. Dy hc tnh hung
Theo tc gi Trnh Vn Biu: Dy hc
bng tnh hung (thng c dng vi tn
ngn gn: dy hc tnh hung) l mt phng
php dy hc c t chc theo nhng tnh
hung c thc ca cuc sng, trong ngi
hc kin to tri thc qua vic gii quyt cc
vn c tnh x hi ca vic hc tp. Theo
Phan Trng Ng, bn cht ca PPDH bng tnh
hung l thng qua vic gii quyt nhng tnh
hung, ngi hc c c kh nng thch ng
tt nht vi mi trng x hi y bin ng.
2.1.4. Phng php nghin cu tnh
hung trong dy hc
PPNCTH c s dng ln u tin mt
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
hung dy hc c vai tr quan trng. C nhiu
tc gi a ra quy trnh thit k tnh hung (son
tho tnh hung). Chng hn nh quy trnh 3
bc:
Bc 1: Xc nh mc
tiu bi hc v cn nhc
cc yu t khch quan
a. Ly tng
Bc 2: Chun b
tnh hung
Bc 3: Kim tra,
chnh sa
b. Vit tnh
hung
Bc 1. Xc nh mc tiu l nh hng
cn bn cho vic tin hnh ging dy mt bi c
th. T GV cn c vo mc tiu bi hc
la chn tnh hung dy hc sao cho ph hp.
30
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
a. Xy dng k hoch dy hc bng tnh
hung (son gio n)
- Xc nh mc tiu bi hc v kin thc, k
nng, thi m ngi hc c th t c sau
khi hc xong bi hc
- D kin v thi gian: Ty vo mc ch
s dng, ni dung, tnh cht ca tnh hung
phn b thi gian sao cho hp l.
- D kin v phng tin dy hc: Phn
trng, bng en; s ; my chiu phim, nh;
phiu hc tp
- D kin v cc phng php c th phi
hp: Thuyt trnh, m thoi, k chuyn, tho
lun nhm, trc quan
- D kin cch tin hnh: Hot ng ca
GV Hot ng ca HS.
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
phi. C em ngi gia gng u gt lia la
nh ngi ng kinh. C em u p lin tc
vo thnh ging, thnh ci[7]. V sao li c
nhng hin tng nh vy? Phi chng ngay t
khi cn nh cc em thiu i s gn b vi
m cha? Vy nhu cu gn b vi m cha tr
nh th no? S gn b c vai tr g i vi
s pht trin ca tr? Bi hc hm nay s i tm
cu tr li cho vn ny v l gii hin tng
tr em tri tr m ci Gioc-a-ni.
Vic a ra tnh hung ny dn dt ngi
hc khm ph tri thc v cng l hnh thnh
ng c hc tp cho h. Qu trnh dy hc cng
chnh l qu trnh gii quyt tnh hung trn.
Trn c s gii quyt tnh hung ny ngi hc
t c mc tiu hc tp
b. Trong qu trnh ging dy ngi
hc t c mc tiu (Trnh by c cc
kiu gn b m con, c k nng trong chm sc
tr v t vn, gip cc bc cha m chm sc
v mt tinh thn cho con giai on ny), ti
a ra 4 tnh hung cho ngi hc nghin cu
(tnh hung c thit k di dng cc phiu
hc tp da trn t liu M v con - Bc u
tm hiu tm l sn ph v quan h sm m con
Vit Nam, Bc s V Th Chn, NXB Vn ha
thng tin, 1997 v c ci bin, iu chnh cho
ph hp). Ti chia lp thnh 4 nhm cho ngi
hc tho lun v cc tnh hung ny
Tnh hung 1: Tm s ca ngi m:
Giy pht nghe con gi yu ct ting khc
cho i, ngi mnh nh lng i, mi m
thanh nh ngng li dnh cho ting khc
con yu . Chng b con qua cho mnh v lc
ny tht s l tt cng ca hnh phc: i yu
quyu qu nc mt c tro ra khi mnh
hn con, c i mnh chc chn khng bao gi
qun c giy pht thing ling y, giy pht
mnh c thm mt tnh yu ln lao trong cuc
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
Ni dung tnh hung:
Tnh hung 1(2,3,4)
...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
Tn hiu ca con
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
nh hng ca quan h m - con ti s pht trin ca tr (thun li hay khng thun li)
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Ngi hc s tho lun tnh hung trong 5 (thuyt trnh nu vn , phng php trc quan
pht sau i din ln trnh by kt qu ca v tho lun nhm), bi dy ny c nh gi
nhm. Cc nhm nhn xt, GV b sung, tng cao bi cc gim kho hi thi, kt qu chung
kt v trnh chiu ni dung bi hc. Thng qua cuc cc ni dung thi ti t gii nh.
tnh hung ny, ngi hc d dng trong vic
Trn thc t ti p dng phng php
hiu ni dung tri thc v n gn lin vi thc tin
ny trong ging dy cc hc phn tm l gio
cuc sng.
dc hc nh Tm l hc i cng, Tm l hc
c. Khu luyn tp, cng c bi hc: la tui v s phm, Tm l tr mm non v c
kim tra ngi hc c t c mc tiu bi hc mt s hc phn ca Gio dc hc, hc phn
(l bit t vn cho cc bc cha m trong chm Qun l gio dc mm non. Bng vic su tm
sc con giai on ny),ti a ra tnh hung cc tnh hung trong cc sch bi tp nh cun
sau: B A, 4 thng tui, t c biu hin mm ci Thit k bi tp thc hnh TLHLT v TLHSP,
khi giao tip vi ngi khc. Em hy t vn gip Bi Ngc Sn, NXBHSP, 2007, ti liu Bi tp
cha m b chm sc con tt hn b pht trin tnh hung tm l hc la tui v s phm (sch
ph hp vi tui.
mng), ti liu Bi tp tnh hung gio dc trong
Ngi hc s vn dng kin thc bi hc t chc hot ng gc cho tr mu gio, Nguyn
tr li cu hi tnh hung. Trn c s ngi Th Oanh, NXBGDVN,2009, ti liu Nhng
hc tr li c cu hi th mc tiu bi hc t tnh hung thng gp trong qun l trng
hc tc gi Lc Th Nga, Cng vi cc
c.
tnh hung t thit k t chnh kinh nghim ca
y l bi dy ti s dng d thi gio bn thn v su tm cc tnh hung t chnh bn
vin dy gii trung cp chuyn nghip cp tnh thn ngi hc, ti p dng phng php dy
v ton quc. Vi vic s dng phng php hc tnh hung v thy rng phng php ny
dy hc tnh hung v mt s phng php khc thc s em li nhng hiu qu thit thc.
Ni san s 07 - Trng CSP B Ra - Vng Tu
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
Qua thi gian s dng phng php ny
ti nhn thy:
- PPNCTH gip gn l thuyt vi thc
tin trong dy hc, nng cao tnh thc tin ca
mn hc. Thng qua vic gii quyt tnh hung,
ngi hc s c iu kin vn dng linh hot
cc kin thc l thuyt.
- PPNCTH gp phn nng cao tnh tch
cc, ch ng, sng to v hng th hc tp ca
ngi hc. Trong dy hc theo tnh hung cc
nhm hc sinh phi ch ng tm kim v phn
tch cc thng tin i tm cc gii php c th
c cho tnh hung. p ng c yu cu
ny, ngi hc phi ch ng t duy, tho lun/
tranh lun trong nhm tm hiu su thm v
l thuyt cng nh thc tin v tm ra cc gii
php cho cc tnh hung. S tham gia tch cc
gp phn to ra s hng th v say m
hc tp, sng to ca hc sinh.
- PPNCTH gip hc sinh nng cao k nng
lm vic nhm, k nng phn tch, gii quyt
vn , k nng trnh by, bo v v tranh lun,
phn bin kin trc tp th. Ngi hc hc
c cch chia s kin thc, thng tin cng
t c mc tiu chung. Thm na, ngi hc
cng hc c cch tn trng v lng nghe
kin ca ngi khc trong qu trnh lm vic
nhm hay tranh lun v cc gii php.
- Trong PPNCTH, GV cng c iu kin
trao i, hc hi nhng kinh nghim v nhng
cch nhn, gii php mi t pha ngi hc,
thng qua m gp phn lm phong ph hn
ni dung ging dy cng nh hon thin cc
tnh hung dy hc.
3. Kt lun
PPNCTH chng t tnh u vit vt
tri ca n trong vic a ngi hc ln n v
tr trung tm ca qu trnh dy hc, tng hng
th hc tp ca ngi hc, cng nh nng cao
tnh thc tin ca mn hc, rt ngn khong
cch gia o to nh trng v nhu cu thc
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
t sn. C hai lun tm mi cch bn rt tng
ng xu cui cng ca ngi cha, nhm phc
v cho cuc chy ua trong th gii n chi ca
h. Vi mt tnh thng con m qung, bnh
hon, lo Goriot mt mt l cha tri ca tnh
ph t, mt khc lo li l nn nhn ca chnh
tnh cm y. Lo b con ci rung b v cht
trong au xt, n hn ti qun tr Vauquer.
36
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
nhng n ng, n b nh nhng con nga
trm, mc chng cht ln quay ra. Cng tn
nhn bao nhiu, cng lnh lng bao nhiu, th
cng nhanh chng thnh cng by nhiu. y
chnh l phng thc bn linh hn cho qu s.
Nh vy, mt ph n qu tc v mt t kh sai
truyn t cho Rastignac nhng bi hc vo
i ca x hi ng tin.
2.3. T qun tr ca b Vauquer n
phng khch ca phu nhn De Beausant,
bc tranh tng phn y xt xa v x hi
kim tin
Con ng t qun tr Vauquer ti nh ca
phu nhn De Restaud, phu nhn De Nucingen
cung cp cho Rastignac nhng v d c th, b
ch v cc k sinh ng. Tt c to ra nhng
vng xoy cun ht chng thanh nin trai tr
vo vng bn cuc i bn thu. Cc khng
gian u va rng li va hp. Rng nhng
khng mang tnh cht thnh thang m ch gia
tng s trng vng. Hp l v tt c u co cm
li, to ra cc lp v bc kn con ngi. Con
ngi tr thnh cc mt phng tch ri khng
giao tip vi nhau, i ch vi nhau. Con
ngi gm gh vi nhau, sn sng nhy b vo
nhau cn x, tiu dit ln nhau. m v hi
ti phng khch ca b De Beausant, ni tt
c cc bn b ca b ta ang thp thm mong
ch thi im bt hnh ca b phu nhn, u
ang p nim vui sng ch nghe s t
chi tnh yu ca D`Ajuda-Pinto. Tt c ang
sn sng v tay reo mng trc thm bi ca
ngi khc. Tt c nhng ngi khch vi v
ngoi lng ly, lch thip ang m nhn trong
vng quay m o u bit rng cuc tnh
tht bi th s hin din ca b De Beausant ti
Paris cng chm dt.
Cng vo thi im , khi v hi ang
tng bng, khi cc c con gi ca lo Goriot
ang m mnh trong cc vng quay, c bit
l phu nhn De Nucingen vi b vy o t tin
mua c nh cc ng tin bn i s li tc
cui cng ca lo Goriot ang say sa v ln
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
lo trng mong g s gip ca con ci, m
ch cu mong c trng thy chng, c gc
u vo u gi chng nh mt con ch nh.
Nhng tin khng cn, th tnh cng mt ht,
cho d l tnh cha - con.
mt kha cnh khc, th hnh nh Vautrin
cng mang ngha bi kch. l con ngi
sng ngoi ra x hi. Anh ta khng c x
hi tha nhn, v anh ta l ngi t kh sai. Do
, c x hi tha nhn, anh ta phi t
bin thnh hoc l bnh n dch, hoc l vin
n tri ph. Gp Rastignac, anh ta mun nhn
to ra mt hng i mi cho cuc i.
Vautrin s git con trai ca lo t sn Taillefer
buc lo ta phi nhn li a con gi m lo
ang tm ui ra khi ca. Rastignac ch cn
nh mt git tnh yu cho c gi vn ang
thiu thn tnh cm , l ngay lp tc tr nn
giu c. Khi giu c th Rastignac ch vic trch
ra t ti sn hi mn ca c gi mt t tin, v vi
s tin Vautrin s sang M lm li cuc
i. Mn u ca v kch c dn dng,
nhng ci kh cht min Nam ca Rastignac
ngn cn bc tip theo ca v din. ng thi,
ci bt hnh cng xut hin: Vautrin b u c,
du n t kh sai ng chm di da cng ni
ln. Vautrin hin nguyn hnh l Jacques Collin,
vi bit hiu la thn cht ni ting, l t kh
sai trn tri. Gic mng hon lng tan thnh
my khi.
Rastignac l loi nhn vt hnh tin, ang
m c xy dng con ng tin thn. tc
phm ny, nhng v p trong sng ca mt
con ngi trai tr, v p ca bng hoa bch
hp vn cn. iu th hin qua tnh cm
gia chng trai v ng lo Goriot, gia mi tnh
cm vi anh chng sinh vin ngho Bianchon.
Song tt c nhng tnh cm khng bn vng,
khng tn ti c lu. Chng trai s b dng
i cun i. Cc bi hc v lng quan trng
t chng trai vo mt ng ray mi,
Rastignac tr thnh ngi t nguyn bn linh
hn cho qu s, tng bc leo dn tng bc
thang trong chn thng lu. y l mt loi
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
S DNG THIT B DY HC
NNG CAO CHT LNG DY - HC
ThS. ng Minh Quang *
1. t vn
Qu trnh dy hc cu thnh bi nhiu yu
t c lin quan cht ch v tng tc nhau. Cc
thnh t c bn ca qu trnh gio dc l: Mc
tiu Ni dung Phng php Gio vin Hc sinh Thit b dy hc (TBDH). S dng
thit b nng cao cht lng gio dc v k
nng thc hin cc phng php ging dy
(PPGD) tch cc l xu th ca gio dc trong
thi i ngy nay.
Hn na, cng vi qu trnh i mi gio
dc, cc m hnh trng hc mi (VNEN)
c p dng trn din rng th vai tr ca thit
b trong qu trnh dy hc ngy cng c
tng cng. Song song vi dy hc tch hp cc
mn hc nh Khoa hc t nhin, Khoa hc X
hi cng yu cu thit b v cng tc thit b c
nhng thay i cho ph hp vi iu kin thc
t trong tnh hnh mi.
Tuy nhin, hiu - s dng cng nh
qun l thit b mt cch ng n v khai thc
c hiu qu nhng thit b c trong qu trnh
dy hc khng h n gin, n l mt vn
tuy khng mi, khng kh nhng i hi tnh
kin tr, trch nhim v tn ty ngi dy v
cn b thit b. Cng tc thit b trng ph
thng cn c mt cch nhn ng n t nhng
ngi lin quan, n i hi cn b thit b phi
lm vic nhiu hn, gio vin ging dy vt v
hn v cn c nhng kin thc thc t cng nh
kin thc lin ngnh bit t bi hc, mn
hc ca mnh trong mi lin h vi cc mn hc
lin quan ...
Bi vit ny tc gi mong mun gp phn
* Trng phng T chc Hnh chnh
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
thc. Hng i mi tch cc ny da trn
mt s thay i c bn c lin quan cht ch
n TBDH.
Khi ta s dng thut ng i mi phng
php dy hc. Ci cn i mi ch l cch
thc, iu kin, cng ngh mi nhm thc hin
phng php c. V d: c th thc hin cc
phng php thc nghim c in bng cng
ngh rt hin i nh tia sng thng trong th
nghim quang hc c in c thay bng tia
Laser chng hn v hc sinh s c trc tip
lm thc nghim, c lp rp tc l thao tc,
quan st, nhn xt bng vic s dng cc dng
c, phng tin c th. Ngha l hc bng hnh.
2.1.2. Vai tr ca thit b dy hc trong
vic nng cao kh nng s phm
Thc hin cc PPGD trc quan, thc
nghim, to nhng vng hp tc gia GV v
HS, to ra kh nng thc hnh, cng c kin
thc, rn luyn k nng lm vic, hc tp, s
kho lo chn tay, bi dng kh nng t hc,
t chim lnh tri thc, to ra s hng th, li
cun khi hc, tit kim thi gian trn lp, ci
tin cc hnh thc lao ng SP, to kh nng
t chc mt cch khoa hc v iu khin hot
ng dy hc.
2.1.3. Nhng im cn ch khi xy
dng, la chn, s dng thit b dy hc
- Ph hp i tng: phi xem xt c
im v kh nng nhn thc ca hc sinh, khi
t chc v thit k c s h tng trng hc, la
chn cc mu TBDH, la chn nguyn vt liu
cho cng tc ging dy hc tp.
- Tnh khoa hc: l mc chun xc trong
vic phn nh hin thc.
- Tnh s phm: L s ph hp vi yu cu
v mt s phm nh r, kch thc, mu sc,
d s dng, ph hp vi tm sinh l HS.
- Tnh kinh t: L gi thnh tng xng vi
hiu qu gio dc o to.
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
Kinh nghim s phm cho thy rng mun
HS nm c y cc kin thc khoa hc v
cc i tng nghin cu th trong qu trnh dy
hc phi s dng phi hp mt cch hp l cc
phng tin trc quan dy hc v kt hp cht
ch vi li ni ca GV.
2.1.5. Cc hnh thc s dng phi hp
cc phng tin dy hc
C nhiu dng phi hp khc nhau cc
phng tin trc quan dy hc trong b dng
dy hc ti u. Ngi ta thng s dng hai
kiu phi hp sau y trong qu trnh dy hc:
a) S dng phi hp b dng dy hc
c tin hnh khi HS thu lm cc kin thc
bng kinh nghim, cn phn l thuyt th cha
c nghin cu. Trong trng hp ny, s phi
hp c bt u t vic s dng cc phng
tin dy hc gip cho HS hnh thnh cc biu
tng c th, sau n cc phng tin gp
phn vo vic t duy da vo cc ti liu tri
gic v kim tra nhng kt lun trong thc
tin.
Vic s dng phi hp cc phng tin ny
khng nhng ch ph hp vi chc nng ca
tng loi phng tin, m cn ph hp vi vic
nghin cu tng i tng c th trong mi qu
trnh s phm nht nh.
b) S phi hp cc phng tin trc quan
dy hc c tin hnh khi HS nm c l
thuyt v nghin cu nhng yu t mi trong
bi th vic s dng theo tin trnh ngc li.
Tc l trc ht dng cc ti liu kch thch
t duy tru tng ca HS, sau s dng cc
phng tin dy hc gp phn vo chng minh
nhng kt lun rt ra n vic hnh thnh cc
biu tng c th.
2.1.6. Nhng iu cn ch khi s dng
phi hp phng tin trc quan
a) Khi s dng cc phng tin trc quan,
khng nhng ch s dng mi kh nng thch
Thng 1/2016
41
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
cn thit.
nng cao nhn thc cho cn b qun l,
gio vin, nhn vin, nh trng cn phi thc
hin c nhng cng vic sau:
- Thng xuyn trin khai cc vn bn
php lut, cc quyt nh, ch th, hng dn
ca cc cplin quan n vn CSVC, TBDH
cn b, gio vin, nhn vin hc tp, nhn
thc y , ng n, kp thi.
- Kp thi cp nht, gii thiu cc danh
mc TBDH m trng hin c hoc mi c
cung cp.
- Tp hun cc phng php dy hc ci
tin c hiu qu, trong phi u tin s dng
TBDH.
- Biu din cc tnh nng a li hiu qu
dy hc i vi cc TBDH ang c.
- Trong k hoch nm hc, nh trng phi
a ra nhng quy nh v k hoch s dng,
bo qun TBDH. y l mt vic lm rt cn
thit cho cng tc qun l, va bt buc, va
khch l gio vin phi s dng TBDH trong
cc gi ln lp.
- u nm hc cho cc t chuyn mn hp
kim tra v tng hp nhng tit trong chng
trnh mn hc cn s dng TBDH t cn
b ph trch thit b da vo chun b th
hiu qu s dng s cao hn. y cng l c s
Ban gim hiu nh trng gim st tt hn
vic gio vin c s dng TBDH trong tit dy
hay khng.
- T chc hi tho thng xuyn cng tc
i mi phng php dy hc, trao i kinh
nghim, hc hi ln nhau v cch khai thc s
dng TBDH c hiu qu trong cng tc dy v
hc.
- T chc cc t tham quan hc hi v
lnh vc ny ti cc n v c kinh nghim, c
thnh tch trong huyn, tnh.
42
Thng 1/2016
TRAO I - NGHN CU
ph trch cc phng thc hnh L, Ha, Sinh,
h ch c tp hun, bi dng qua cc lp do
S Gio dc v o to t chc. V vy, p
ng nhu cu dy v hc hin nay, iu cp thit
l phi o to, bi dng k nng, nghip v
cho nhn vin, gio vin ph trch TBDH.
2.2.3. T chc qun l thit b dy hc
hiu qu, khoa hc, quy c, n np, c k
hoch
* Sp xp, phn loi TBDH:
- T u nm hc, nh trng phi c k
hoch nhn vin TBDH kt hp cc t b
mn, nghim thu v phn loi TBDH: thit b
dy hc ca tng b mn, thit b dng chung,
bn gh th nghim, sau sp xp khoa
hoc, ngn np. Vic sp xp phn loi ny gip
nhn vin thit b d qun l, gio vin s dng
TBDH trong gi dy ca mnh cng d tm, mi
phng thc hnh s do mt gio vin b mn
qun l.
- Ln k hoch s dng TBDH theo khung
phn phi chng trnh ca B Gio dc v
o to, do t chuyn mn xy dng.
- Ngay t u nm hc nh trng phi
xy dng k hoch qun l s dng TBDH. K
hoch phi c xy dng t t b mn. Cn c
vo k hoch nm hc c thng nht trong
hi ngh cn b, vin chc ca trng; cn c
vo khung phn phi chng trnh do B Gio
dc v o to quy nh, cc t chuyn mn
tho lun v ln k hoch s dng TBDH ca b
mn mnh cho tng tit, tng bi, tng chng
c th. Trong k hoch ny t chuyn mn phi
nu c :
+ S s dng thit b g cho tit no, bi
no, chng no.
+ Thit b dy hc s khai thc u?
(thit b hin c hay t lm).
+ Nhng kin ngh, xut vi trng.
Thng 1/2016
43
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
TBDH vo trong gi dy. Khuyn khch, tuyn
dng nhng gio vin s dng tt TBDH.
+ Tng kt kt qu s dng TBDH theo
thng, theo k, t c k hoch khen thng,
k lut kp thi, ng mc i vi tng gio
vin.
3. Kt lun
S dng thit b nng cao cht lng
dy hc l cng vic thng xuyn i vi gio
vin; mi gio vin cn phi coi TBDH nh l
mt iu kin tin quyt mi tit dy u
mang li hiu qu, gip hc sinh hiu v nh bi
mt cch su sc nht; ng thi cc nh trng
cng cn coi nh l mt tiu ch nh gi
phn loi gio vin.
Bi vit l mt xut theo ring ca tc
gi v cng tc thit b, tc gi a ra c s
l lun ca vic s dng thit b trong dy hc,
cng tc bo qun s dng v qun l thit b
mt cch hiu qu nht.
Qua , tc gi cng xut cc c quan
qun l nh S gio duc, cc phng gio dc c
k hoch bi dng, tp hun thng xuyn i
ng cn b thit b trng ph thng cng nh
i ng gio vin v cng tc thit b, cch s
44
Thng 1/2016
TRAO I - NGHN CU
TRN C S CA TM L HC XUT
MT S KIN NGH VI D THO CHNG TRNH
GIO DC PH THNG TNG TH 1
TS. Nguyn Ch Tng *
Tm tt
Bi vit tc gi trnh by cc cn c
xut kin ngh: c s php l v c s l
lun; trn c s nhn xt chi tit ph lc 1,
ph lc 2 ca D tho v kin ngh:
- Phm cht cn gio dc cho HS ph thng
cn sp xp v b sung nh sau: 1/ Sng yu
thng: Yu T quc, yu ng bo; yu lao
ng; yu thin nhin; yu thng con ngi
(nhn i, khoan dung). 2/ Sng T ch: Trung
thc; t trng; t lc; dng cm, chm ch, vt
kh; khim tn, t hon thin. 3/ Sng trch
nhim: T nguyn; k lut, k cng; chm
sc, bo v mi trng. 4/ Sng ha ng, nng
ng: Quan tm, chia s; l php, kinh trng;
gip ha ng.
- Nng lc cn gio dc cho HS ph thng
b sung thm: Nng lc t duy ph phn (Nng
lc phn bin) v Nng lc lao ng.
1. t vn
Mt trong nhng yu cu ca i mi cn
bn, ton din Gio dc & o to hin nay l
phi chuyn mnh qu trnh gio dc t ch yu
trang b kin thc sang pht trin ton din nng
lc (NL) v phm cht (PC) ngi hc. Phm
cht (c) v nng lc (Ti) chnh l hai thnh
t trong cu trc nhn cch ca con ngi. Theo
quan im ca cc nh Tm l hc hot ng th
1 Bi ng ti k yu hi tho khoa hc ton
quc, Hi Khoa hc Tm l - Gio dc Vit Nam
t chc ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2015.
* Trng Phng NCKH&QHQT
Thng 1/2016
45
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
thi hnh k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2006.
Lut sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Lut
Gio dc c Quc hi nc Cng ho x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam kho XII, k hp th
6 thng qua ngy 25 thng 11 nm 2009 v c
hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2010.
Ngh quyt s 29-NQ/TW ngy 04/11/2013
ca Hi ngh ln th 8 Ban chp hng Trung
ng ng (kha XI).
Quyt nh s 404/Q-TTg ngy
27/03/2015 ca Th tng Chnh ph v i
mi chng trnh, sch gio khoa gio dc
ph thng.
D tho Chng trnh gio dc ph thng
tng th.
Cng vn s 3976/BGDT-BPTTr ngy
05/8/2015 ca B GD-T v vic nghin cu
v ng gp kin, xut trong ngnh gio
dc v rng ri trong cc tng lp nhn dn cho
bn d tho Chng trnh gio dc ph thng
tng th.
2.2. C s l lun
Ni n gio dc l ni ti s hnh thnh
v pht trin nhn cch ngi hc. Pht trin ton
din NL v PC ngi hc chnh l pht trin
ton din nhn cch HS. V vy, mun lm tt
v hng c n mc tiu gio dc chng
ta cn hiu r v nhn cch. C rt nhiu khoa
hc nghin cu v nhn cch nh: Trit hc, X
hi hc, Ngh thut, Vn hc, Y hc, Kinh t
hc, o c hc, Tm l hc Trong phm
vi bi vit ny, trn quan im tm l hc hot
ng, chng ti trnh by khi qut nhng vn
l lun v nhn cch lm c s xut
kin ngh.
2.2.1. Khi nim nhn cch
C rt nhiu quan im, khi nim khc
nhau v nhn cch, nm 1949 G.Allport dn
ra trn 50 nh ngha v nhn cch ca cc nh
46
Thng 1/2016
TRAO I - NGHN CU
Xu hng nhn cch c biu hin mt s
mt ch yu: Nhu cu, hng th, l tng, th
gii quan, nim tin
- Tnh cch l mt thuc tnh tm l phc
hp ca c nhn bao gm mt h thng thi
v mt h thng hnh vi tng ng. Tnh cch
c tnh n nh v bn vng, tnh c o, ring
bit, in hnh cho mi c nhn. Tnh cch l s
thng nht gia ci chung v ci ring, ci in
hnh v ci c bit, lun mang tnh x hi v
thi i. Tnh cch chnh l PC ca nhn cch
biu hin tnh nt, t cch, PC o c, cch
c x
- NL l t hp nhng thuc tnh tm l ca
c nhn ph hp vi yu cu mt loi hot ng
nht nh, nhm lm cho hot ng t kt
qu.
- Kh cht l thuc tnh tm l phc hp,
biu hin tc , cng , nhp ca cc
hot ng tm l ca c nhn.
Cu trc nhn cch kh phc tp, nhiu
mt v c ng. Tt c mi thnh t ca nhn
cch u quan h mt thit, tc ng qua li ln
nhau, thm ch thm nhp vo nhau v ch c
ln nhau. Quan nim ca ngi Vit Nam t
xa n nay khi ni ti nhn cch l ni ti c
(PC) v ti (NL). Nhn cch c hiu nh cc
PC v NL ca con ngi. c, ti phi c
an quyn vo nhau, ngi c ti th phi c
c v ngc li ngi c c cn phi c ti.
c v ti mt mc no thng nht vi
nhau, khng th tch ri nhau. Hun th ti i
hi sinh vin ln th hai nm 1958, Ch tch H
Ch Minh dy C ti m khng c c v
nh mt anh kinh t ti chnh rt gii nhng li
i n tht kt th chng nhng khng lm c
g ch li cho x hi m cn c hi cho x hi
na. Nu c c m khng c ti v nh ng bt
khng lm hi g nhng cng khng li g cho
loi ngi[6, tr 124].
- c (PC) biu hin: PC x hi (o c
Thng 1/2016
47
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
Tn trng cc nn vn ho trn th gii, thin v
trch nhim hn l tnh cm v vy c l nn i
l: Yu mn v quan tm ti truyn thng gia
nh Vit Nam; Yu mn v quan tm ti cc di
sn vn ho ca qu hng, t nc; Yu mn
v quan tm ti cc nn vn ho trn th gii.
Chng ti cho rng cc ny khng phi l PC
c th ca PC sng yu thng, ngh b.
Trong cc trn cha c no ni ti mt
ni dung rt quan trng l yu lao ng; yu
lao ng l mt PC x hi rt r nt, ngh
xem xt b sung thm.
Theo chng ti Sng yu thng nn c
cc PC c th l:
a/ Yu T quc, yu ng bo;
b/ Yu lao ng;
c/ Yu thin nhin;
d/ Yu thng con ngi (nhn i, khoan
dung).
Trong PC yu lao ng s trnh by nhiu
biu hin c th trong c thi ca HS i
vi cc sn phm l cc gi tr vn ha, cc di
sn ca gia nh, ca qu hng, t nc v
ca nhn loi.
3.1.2.Sng t ch
D tho trnh by gm c: a/ Trung thc;
b/ T trng; c/ T lc; d/ Chm ch, vt kh;
/ T hon thin
Tm hiu PC ny chng ti kin ngh cn
b sung thm hai PC c th l: Dng cm v
khim tn; PC dng cm c th trnh by ring
hoc thm vo d: Dng cm, chm ch, vt
kh; PC khim tn c th trnh by ring hoc
thm vo : Khim tn, t hon thin
3.1.3. Sng trch nhim
D tho trnh by gm c: a/ T nguyn; b/
Chp hnh k lut; c/ Tun th php lut; d/ Bo
v ni quy, php lut.
48
PC x hi (o
c chnh tr):
th gii quan,
nim tin, l tng,
lp trng, thi
chnh tr, thi
lao ng
Sng yu thng
- Yu T quc, yu ng
bo;
- Yu lao ng;
- Yu thin nhin;
- Yu thng con ngi
(nhn i, khoan dung)
Thng 1/2016
TRAO I - NGHN CU
Sng T ch
- Trung thc;
PC c nhn (o
- T trng;
c t cch): cc
- T lc;
nt, cc thi, cc
- Dng cm, chm ch,
th (ham mun)
vt kh;
- Khim tn, t hon thin
PC ch: tnh k
lut, tnh t ch,
tnh qu quyt,
tnh ph phn
3.2. Yu cu cn t v nng lc ca hc
sinh ph thng
D tho chng trnh gio dc ph thng
a ra c h thng NL chung ct li cn
hnh thnh cho HS ph thng, l: NL t hc;
NL gii quyt vn v sng to; NL thm m;
NL th cht; NL giao tip; NL hp tc; NL tnh
ton; NL cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng
(ICT). Di gc Tm l hc chng ti thy
h thng NL trn cn b sung thm NL lao ng
v NL t duy phn bin. Xem xt tng NL c
th chng ti c mt s kin ngh sau:
3.2.1. Nng lc t hc
Nng lc t hc theo D tho c cc NL
thnh phn: a/ Xc nh mc tiu hc tp; b/
Lp k hoch v thc hin cch hc; c/ nh
gi v iu chnh vic hc. Theo chng ti NL
b/ Lp k hoch v thc hin cch hc nn i
thnh: b/ Lp k hoch v thc hin k hoch
hc tp v thm mt NL thnh phn l: c/ La
chn cch hc
3.2.2. Nng lc gii quyt vn v
sng to
Qu trnh t duy gm nhng giai on:
Thng 1/2016
49
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
a/ Xc nh mc ch giao tip;
tip;
Nng lc cn hnh
thnh v gio dc
cho hc sinh ph
thng
NL t hc
NL tnh ton
NL gii quyt vn
, sng to
NL t duy ph phn
(NL phn bin)
NL th cht
NL lao ng
NL thm m
NL giao tip
NL hp tc
NL cng ngh thng
tin v truyn thng
(ICT)
4. Kt lun
Chng ti bit rng PC v NL ca con
ngi cng c th ha bao nhiu th cng thiu
by nhiu v s phn chia ch c tnh cht tng
i, nhng nu khng c th ha th s rt tru
tng, chung chung khng th nh hng cho
vic xy dng cc chng trnh mn hc, nh
hng cho vic bin son sch gio khoa c.
V th, chng ti mnh dn kin ngh: PC
50
Thng 1/2016
TRAO I - NGHN CU
ThS. V Th Thanh *
Thng 1/2016
51
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
c tri nghim v sng to, nhng mc ch
chnh l nhm t kin thc. Cn tri nghim
trong hot ng TNST y l hot ng gio
dc nhm pht trin cc nng lc tm l x hi,
cc gi tr, cm xc, yu thng, nim tin, l
sng, ch, ngh lc.
2.1.2. Mc tiu ca hot ng tri
nghim sng to
Vic i mi cn bn ton din gio dc
nc ta cho thy khng ch tp trung i mi
hot ng dy hc cc mn hc m cn ch
n vic t chc hot ng TNST cho HS. Tt
c khng ngoi mc tiu em li nn gio dc
ton din, p ng nhu cu ngun nhn lc cht
lng cao cho t nc. V th, chng trnh
hot ng gio dc TNST trong nh trng
nhm mc tiu hnh thnh v pht trin cc
nng lc tm l x hi, phm cht, nhn cch,
nhng gi tr sng, gip HS tch ly kinh
nghim ring v pht huy tim nng sng to
ca c nhn mnh, lm nn cho mi c nhn to
dng c s nghip v cuc sng hnh phc
sau ny. Trong cun Ti liu tp hun K nng
xy dng v t chc cc hot ng tri nghim
sng to trong trng trung hc, nhm tc gi
trnh by: Hot ng gio dc TNST nhm
hnh thnh cc phm cht, nng lc chung v
cc nng lc c th sau:
* Yu cu cn t v phm cht
Sng yu thng
Sng t ch
Sng trch nhim
* Yu cu cn t v nng lc chung
Nng lc t hc
Nng lc gii quyt vn v sng to
Nng lc thm m
Nng lc th cht
Nng lc giao tip
52
Nng lc hp tc
Nng lc tnh ton
Nng lc cng ngh thng tin v truyn
thng (ICT)
* Yu cu cn t v nng lc c th
Nng lc tham gia t chc hot ng
Nng lc t qun l v t chc cuc
sng c nhn
Nng lc t nhn thc v tch cc ha
bn thn
Nng lc nh hng ngh nghip
Nng lc khm ph v sng to
2.1.3. Ni dung, chng trnh hot ng
tri nghim sng to
to
Thng 1/2016
TRAO I - NGHN CU
trng hc; yu t sc khe; th dc, th thao
Qu hng t nc v ha bnh th
gii: Giao thng; php lut; chnh tr - XH
Cuc sng gia nh: Kinh doanh/kinh
t; cng vic gia nh/ni tr.
Th gii ngh nghip: Nng nghip,
cng nghip, lm ng nghip, th cng nghip,
dch v
Khoa hc v ngh thut: Vn ha du
lch, ngh thut, khoa hc cng ngh
Chng trnh hot ng gio dc TNST
c thit k theo nguyn tc ng tm (5 mch
ni dung c cc lp theo s pht trin t thp
n cao: T lp 1 n lp 12) kt hp vi tuyn
tnh (n v ni dung c th lp ny m khng
c lp kia do s ch ng ca tng trng).
C th ni, chng trnh hot ng gio dc
TNST mang tnh m v cc nh trng hon
ton ch ng trong vic xy dng k hoch
hot ng.
2.1.4. Hnh thc t chc cc hot ng
tri nghim sng to trong nh trng ph
thng
Hot ng TNST c t chc di nhiu
hnh thc khc nhau nh: Hot ng cu lc
b, t chc tr chi, din n, sn khu tng
tc, tham quan d ngoi, cc hi thi, hot ng
giao lu, hot ng nhn o, hot ng tnh
nguyn, hot ng cng ng, sinh hot tp
th, lao ng cng ch, sn khu ha (kch, th,
ht, ma ri, tiu phm,), th dc th thao, t
chc cc ngy hi, Mi hnh thc hot ng
trn u mang ngha gio dc nht nh.
Hnh thc t chc hot ng a dng,
phong ph, to c hi cho HS pht huy tnh tch
cc, ch ng, t gic v sng to ca bn thn,
huy ng s tham gia ca HS vo tt c cc khu
ca qu trnh hot ng. HS c trnh by v
la chn tng, tham gia chun b, thit k
hot ng, tri nghim, by t quan im, t
Thng 1/2016
53
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
v khoa hc, tuy nhin khng trnh khi tnh
ch quan ca ngi nh gi, nht l khi m t
trong nhn thc ca h cha thay i, h cha
ch trng ti hot ng TNST.
* Mt s kh khn c bn khi thc hin
hot ng gio dc TNST trong chng
trnh GD ph thng
- Kh khn c bn nht l: Hin nay,
nhiu gio vin ph thng cha hiu ht bn
cht ca hot ng TNST. V d, khi hc tp
mt kin thc trong mn no , HS cng phi
c tri nghim v qua cng c tng
sng to. Theo h, hot ng TNST v ang
c thc hin t trc ti nay. Nh vy, nhiu
gio vin nhm ln gia tri nghim trong
mn hc vi hot ng TNST trong chng
trnh gio dc ph thng mi.
- Kh khn v nng lc v kinh nghim
ca gio vin ph thng khi t chc cc hot
ng tp th cng nh hot ng gio dc
TNST cho HS. Mt d B Gio dc v o to
tp hun ct cn v tin hnh tp hun trc
tuyn nhng nhiu gio vin vn cn cha hiu
ht v hot ng ny.
- Theo thi quen t trc n nay, hu ht
gio vin ch quan tm n dy ch m t tm
huyt, t nhit tnh t chc cc hot ng gio
dc thc tin cho HS.
Ngoi ra cn mt s kh khn khc nh:
C s vt cht, kinh ph thc hin, vic qun l
HS khi tham quan d ngoi, c ch qun l ca
nh trng.
2.3. T chc cho sinh vin tip cn hot
ng tri nghim sng to trong chng
trnh gio dc ph thng mi
* Nhn thc ca sinh vin v hot ng
tri nghim sng to
tm hiu nhn thc ca sinh vin (SV)
v hot ng gio dc TNST trong chng trnh
gio dc ph thng mi, chng ti tin hnh
54
Nhn thc ca SV v
hot ng TNST
S
lng
T l
%
70
93.33
Bit n tn gi nhng
cha hiu v n
6.67
Thng 1/2016
TRAO I - NGHN CU
Chng 1. Ni dung, chng trnh hot
ng gio dc ngoi gi ln lp trong chng
trnh gio dc hin hnh trng tiu hc
Chng 2. Mt s vn chung v hot
ng tri nghim sng to trong chng trnh
gio dc ph thng mi trng tiu hc
2.1. Khi nim hot ng tri nghim
sng to
2.2. Hot ng tri nghim sng to
trong chng trnh ph thng mi.
Chng 3. T chc hot ng tri
nghim sng to trong trng tiu hc
3.1. Xc nh mc tiu, yu cu cn t
ca hot ng tri nghim sng to trng
tiu hc
3.2. Xy dng ni dung, chng trnh
hot ng tri nghim sng to trng tiu
hc
3.3. Cch thc t chc hot ng tri
nghim sng to trng tiu hc
3.4. Thc hnh cch thc t chc hot
ng tri nghim sng to trng tiu hc.
Chng 4. nh gi hot ng tri
nghim sng to ca hc sinh tiu hc
4.1. Xy dng tiu ch cho cc nng lc
cn nh gi
4.2. Phng php nh gi
4.3. Cng c ng gi.
Hc k I Nm hc 2015 2016, chng
ti thc hin hot ng dy v hc hc
phn Thc hnh t chc cc hot ng gio
dc ngoi lp theo cng chi tit nh
nu trn. Sinh vin kha 17 ngnh Gio
dc Tiu hc n vi mn hc rt tch cc v
h thc s cm hng.
- Chng trnh o to sau nm 2015
STT
Ngnh hc
Gio dc tiu hc
Hot ng
TNST
Gio dc cng dn
Hot ng
TNST
Thng 1/2016
55
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
i vi B Gio dc- o to:
- B Gio dc v o to ch o cc
trng s phm o to gio vin, a mn
Hot ng TNST vo chng trnh o to
gio vin.
2. B GD&T (2015), n i
mi chng trnh v sch gio khoa sau
2015(Bn d tho);
56
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
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+ Cm thy an ton v tm trng vui v,
phn chn trong gi hc;
+ t c mc tiu bi hc.
- Biu hin ca gio vin:
+ Lun quan st v lng nghe hc sinh v
lp hc;
+ Lun di chuyn hp l trong lp tip
nhn phn hi v h tr hc sinh (h tr theo
nhu cu ca hc sinh, hoc theo ch nh ca
gio vin, c bit l h tr khi pht hin nhng
tnh hung bt ng xut hin trong gi hc);
+ Lun di chuyn trong lp kp thi
nh gi hc sinh (nh gi theo k hoch ca
gio vin, nh gi khng ch nh khi gio
vin bt ng pht hin thy);
+ Bit t ra nhng cu hi ph hp, ng
lc khch l s tham gia ca mi hc sinh;
+ Ghi nhn nhng c gng v kt qu hc
tp ca ngi hc bng nhng cch ng vin,
khen thng kp thi;
+ Bao qut c ton b lp hc m
bo k lut v duy tr c khng kh hc tp
ca ton lp;
+ Quan tm n tt c hc sinh trong lp,
khng hc sinh no b b ri;
+ Khuyn khch hc sinh t nh gi v
nh gi ln nhau;
+ S dng cng c h tr hc tp v hot
ng t qun ca hc sinh mt cch hp l;
+ Cng c bi hc v giao nhim v tip
theo cho hc sinh.
3. Mt s im c tnh nguyn tc khi
nh gi gi dy ca sinh vin khi ging dy
theo m hnh trng hc mi
- m bo tnh chnh xc, khch quan,
khoa hc;
- Bm st nhng biu hin ca gio vin
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- Hc sinh c t nh gi v nh gi ln
nhau trong gi hc;
- Thu thp c thng tin phn hi t hc
sinh, kp thi iu chnh v phng php, k
thut dy hc;
- Hng dn v kch thch kh nng t hc
ca hc sinh;
- X l kp thi v linh hot cc tnh hung
s phm trong gi hc, xy dng c mi
trng hc tp thn thin.
4.3. Kt qu gi dy
- Hc sinh ton lp vui v, nt mt ti tn,
phn khi;
- Hc sinh hiu c kin thc, c k nng
v c thi tch cc sau bi hc;
- Hc sinh vn dng c kin thc, k
nng vo tnh hung c th, bit lin h kin
thc vo thc t;
- Hc sinh t tin, tch cc tng tc, h tr
nhau trong qu trnh hc tp.
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
PHIU D GI
(SV thc tp dy theo m hnh trng hc mi)
H v tn sinh vin: .................................. Lp: ..............................................................................
Lp dy: ...................................; Tit: ......................... ; B mn: . .................................................
Tn bi dy:........................................................................................................................................
A. NH GI, CHO IM GI DY (Theo bng di y)
Tiu
chun
Chun
b v
nghin
cu
trc
bi hc
Tiu ch c th
im
ti a
12
im
nh gi
Ghi
ch
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
T
chc
hng
dn
cc
hot
ng
hc tp
trong
lp
Kt
qu
gi
dy
Tng cng
100
: t t im 9 n im 10 oTrung bnh : t t im 5 n cn 6
: t t im 8 n cn 9
: t t im 4 n cn 5
o Yu
: t t im 7 n cn 8
: t di 4 im
o Km
: t t im 6 n cn 7
........................., ngy .........thng ....... nm 201
Gio vin d gi (k, ghi r h v tn)
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Kt lun
nh gi hot ng dy hc ca gio vin
thc th ni chung v sinh vin i thc tp s
phm ni ring l mt cng vic nghim tc.
N i hi ngi nh gi v i tng c
nh gi phi nhn thc r mc tiu ca nh
gi khng ch xp loi gi dy hc m
iu quan trng l ch qua nh gi thy
c ci g tt, ci g cha tt cng nhau
chia s, pht huy v rt kinh nghim, lm cho
vic dy hc ngy cng t c mc tiu tt
hn. Trong mi m hnh dy hc khc nhau
cn c cch tip cn khc nhau nh gi
gi dy. Vic nh gi gi dy ca gio vin
ni chung v sinh vin i thc tp dy hc
theo m hnh trng hc mi ni ring cn
c cch tip cn mi. Vic chng ti nghin
cu v xut mu phiu nh gi nh trn
ch l mt trong nhng cch tip cn. Tc gi
hy vng c chia s cng c gi gn xa./.
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62
tm ngn ng ca vn ho v c trng vn ho
ca ngn ng trong cun Vit Nam nhng
vn ngn ng v vn ho, 1993 cung
cp mt ci nhn tng quan sm nht v qu
trnh nghin cu mi quan h gia ngn ng v
vn ho trn th gii. Bn cnh , chng ta cn
bit n nhng nghin cu ca cc tc gi khc
nh: Nguyn Nh (1993), Bnh din vn ho
- ngn ng ca nghin cu thnh ng ting
Vit, Tp ch Vn ho dn gian, s 39; Nguyn
Xun Ha (1994), c trng vn ha dn tc
nhn t thnh ng, tc ng, Tp ch nghin cu
ng Nam , s 4; Nguyn Vn Khang (1994),
Bnh din vn ho x hi - ngn ng hc ca
cc thnh ng gc Hn trong ting Vit, Tp
ch Vn ho dn gian, s 45. Trong nhng
ti ny, cc tc gi tp trung nghin cu bnh
din ngn ng - vn ha, x hi trong c thnh
ng v tc ng ting Vit. Tuy nhin, nhng
cng trnh ny cha c s so snh, i chiu
vi ting Anh nn cha lm ni bt c nt
c trng ngn ng - vn ha ca dn tc Vit
Nam trong mi quan h vi ting Anh. Nm
2002, Nguyn c Tn cng b nghin cu
ht sc gi tr v mi quan h ngn ng v vn
ha, l Tm hiu c trng vn ho dn tc
ca ngn ng v t duy ngi Vit (trong s
so snh vi cc dn tc khc), Nxb HQG
H Ni .
Nh vy, nhng cng trnh nghin cu
trn ch yu hng v nghin cu mi quan
h ngn ng v vn ha trong ting Vit ni
chung, hoc c s so snh vi thnh ng ting
Anh, ting Nga ni ring. Tuy nhin, cha c
mt cng trnh no trc tip nghin cu v So
snh c trng vn ha ca nhm thnh ng c
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thnh t ch BPCTN trong ting Vit vi ting
Anh. ti m chng ti i su vn ny.
3. S ng nht v khc bit v c
trng vn ha qua thnh ng c t ch b
phn c th ngi trong ting Vit
3.1. Biu hin v s lng xut hin
thnh ng c t ch b phn c th ngi
trong ting Vit
Qua thng k s liu t 13 Tc phm
truyn ngn v tiu thuyt ting Vit ca 10
tc gi: 1. Ni bun chin tranh (Bo Ninh); 2.
Bin v chim bi c (Bi Ngc Tn); 3. Ngi
chn kin (Bi Ngc Tn); 4. Nhng mnh hn
trn (ng Thn); 5. Mi l mt m (H Anh
Thi); 6. c pht, nng Savitri v Ti (H Anh
Thi); 7. SBC l sn bt chut (H Anh Thi);
8. Chuyn lng cui (L Lu); 9. Ma ma h
(Ma Vn Khng); 10. Kn (Nguyn nh T);
11. Mnh t lm ngi nhiu ma (Nguyn khc
Trng); 12 .Hi th (Nguyn Quang Thn),13.
Gin thiu (V Th Ho). Chng ti thng k
tng s thnh ng c s dng trong tt c tc
phm ny l 1.335 n v v trong thnh ng
BPCTN chim s lng kh ln vi 240 thnh
ng, chim t l 17.97 %. Nh vy, qua thng
k trong nhng thnh ng c cu to danh t ch
BPCTN th c 37 danh t ch BPCTN, trong
c ba danh t xut hin vi s lng nhiu nht
l: mt (30), mt (24), ming/ mm (19). Tip
theo l: u (18), chn (17), tay (14), lng (11),
rut (9), gan (8), xng (8), bng (8), tai (7),
lng (5), rng (3) Chnh v vy, chng ti ch
i su phn tch biu hin vn ha trong nhng
thnh ng c danh t mt, mt v ming/mm.
a. Danh t ch mt
Trong nhm thnh ng c danh t mt c
th c 2 tiu nhm:
+ Thnh ng thuc trng ngha xu, kh.
Nhm ny chim s lng nhiu nht, nh:
ti tm mt mi, ti my ti mt, xa mt cch
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mt ln, mt th hai; tai th by, mt su ru
rm, nhm mt tt hi, mt la my lt, mt n
x mt kia, mt trn mt dt, vi tha c mun
che mt thnh, cht vn khng nhm mt, u
my cui mt.
Thnh ng: mt trng mi thm c hai
ngha: 1*. Ch v mt ca nhng ngi qu mt
mi, khn kh tri qua cuc chin tranh tr v;
2*. Chi ra.
VD: - Ti cc ga m on tu dng bnh,
cc loa phng thanh oang oang trt vo tai m
lnh ui qu m st, mt trng mi thm hng
l xch xng nhng ngi dy bo tr tru nht
i, no chng cu an, chng n bc ng,
chng thi am m cc tn tch ca x hi phn
vinh gi to v no l cn c bit chng t
tng cng thn (Ngha 1*) [BN, NBCT, 96].
+ Thnh ng thuc trng ngha tt, p.
Nhm ny chim s lng t hn nhm
th nht, nh: Kho tay hay mt; mt thy tay
nghe, tri c mt, trm tay nghn mt, mt l
rm.
VD: - Con gi n n n ui qu m st
li qu cm mt xung rung, vng vng xu
xu th ln thnh ph lm sin, kho tay hay
mt th dt n mt phng xa che ch dt n
mt phng xa che du tung tch. [HAT, SBC,
83] Thnh ng kho tay hay mt c ngha: 1*.
Ch ngi con gi p v kho tay; 2*. Ngi
xinh xn va mt th i lm gi im (ma mai).
c. Nhm danh t ch ming/ mm
Trong nhm thnh ng c danh t ch
ming/ mm, chng ti thy cng c 2 tiu
nhm:
+ Thnh ng thuc trng ngha xu, kh:
Nhm ny chim s lng nhiu hn c,
nh: no ci ming i con mt, bn trn nui
ming, ming n ni l, m treo ming mo,
n vng khng bit chi ming, n vng quen
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Sparks); 5. New Moon (Stephenie), chng ti
tm ra tng s thnh ng trong 5 tc phm ting
Anh l 1.472 n v v trong thnh ng ch
BPCTN chim s lng cng kh nhiu vi
l 193 thnh ng, chim t l 13.11 %. V qua
thng k trong nhng thnh ng c cu to danh
t ch BPCTN ting Anh th c 28 danh t ch
BPCTN, trong c ba danh t xut hin vi s
lng nhiu nht l: head (u): 25, face (mt):
24, eye (mt): 22. Tip theo l: mind (tm tr, tr
c): 18, stomach (bng): 17, heart (tim): 16,
hand (tay): 14, mouth (ming) :11, hair (tc):
5, shoulder (vai, b vai): 5, nose (mi): 4
Chnh v vy, chng ti ch i su phn tch biu
hin vn ha trong nhng thnh ng c danh t:
face, eye v head.
a. Head (ci u/u c/ ngi): crack
ones head open (v l, hiu ra vic g),
make someones head swim /ones head was
swimming) (u c ang lng lng, quay cun
v mt tp trung), lose ones head (ni cu,
pht in, bc xc qu mc bnh thng),
keep ones head down (trnh s ch ca
mi ngi), sea of heads (bin ngi: ni c
nhiu ngi v ng c), Bald head like a
potato (u hi trng nh c khoai ty), head
out (th u ra), go to ones head (t cao t
i), head of the pier (u cu tu), stand on
the head (ng trng chui: ng ln ngc
u xung t), head toward (hng n, i
v hng), head up (ko ra, i hng ra),
keep ones head in something (tp trung vo
vic g), lop off ones head (nhai u, ct u
ai: x l, x pht ai ), bore out of my head
(cc k chn), head back (quay u tr li,
quay v), head off (ngn chn mt iu g ),
head on (i mt, trc din), head over (tin
thng ti mt ni no ), run through ones
head (khuy o, xut hin trong tm tr ca
ai), make ones head spin (lm cho ai chong
vng, u c quay cung), wash through ones
head (c giu vo qun lng), put head down
(gc u xung: cm thy mt mi), plant the
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: gng mt lnh lng, biu l s v cm),
(ones) face like topaz (mt nh mu hng
ngc: sc lnh, su thm c nhiu suy t), dead
face (gng mt khng li v ngc nhin), fall
on face (ang ngng, bi ri, lung tng), put
on a best martyr face (mang mt gng mt
bnh hon, ti t), (ones) face like a sculpture
(gng mt trng nh mt bc tng: mt
khng c thn sc).
VD: - On the other hand, Malfoys sneering
face kept looming up out of the darkness - this
was his chance to beat Malfoy, face to face. He
couldnt miss it. (Nhng c ngh ti ci mt
vnh vo ca Malfoy n hin trong bng ti l
n li hng tit ln - y l c hi n chm
mt nh tay i vi thng Malfoy. Mt c
hi nh vy Harry thy kh m b qua. [J.K
Rowling, Philosophers Stone, 169].
c. Eye (mt): cant keep ones eyes off
something (khng ri khi mt nhn ci g),
catch someones eye (ch n ai, mt ti
ai), give someone a black eye (cho ai mt trn
n), keep ones eyes on someone/something
( mt ti ai/ci g), (not) take someones eyes
off (mt khng ri khi: nhn lin tc quan
st ai hoc ci g), meet someones eyes (nhn
thy ci g trc mt), catch ones eye (bt
gp, nhn thy), cry eyes out (khc nhiu, khc
st mt.), eye to eye (mt nhn trng trng),
(ones) eyes dancing (mt lo lin: ngi
khng t t, ngi gian xo), (ones) eyes wide
as headlamps (hai mt trng nh n pha: mt
rt sng, nhn rt r t xa), keep ones eyes
open (m to mt nhn), sharp eyes (nh mt sc
lm: th hin con ngi khng t t), a birds
eye view (quan st ton cnh, nhn t trn cao
xung), roll ones eyes (o mt nhn: c v
nghi ng), fix ones eyes on someone (dn mt
vo ai, nhn ai), eye each other (nhn nhau, mt
chm mt), red eyes (mt : mt mi v thc
khuya), in minds eye (trong s tng tng),
ancient eyes (i mt tng tri), (ones) eyes
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chim s lng t hn rt nhiu. iu ny th
hin c trng vn ho thch cn i hi ha
ca ngi Vit. Khc vi thnh ng ting Vit,
thnh ng ting Anh khng c cu to cn i
hi ha. (ones mouth shut - khng ni vi ai
iu g v chuyn thm kn, b mt; open ones
mouth - ni iu g ; keep ones face blank gi nt mt bnh thn).
b2. Thnh ng Vit c cu to c nh,
cht ch v b chi phi bi tnh hi ha v vn,
nhp. Tuy vy, trong s dng, thnh ng Vit
c th rt, thm bt mt s thnh t. VD: ti
tm mt mi (ti my ti mt), bng c lin
rn (bng lin rn), mt khng cn ht mu
(mt ct khng cn git mu). Trong khi ,
thnh ng ting Anh ni chung v thnh ng c
t ch BPCTN ni ring khng c tnh ha phi
v vn nhp, chuyn i, thm bt thnh t.
b3. Nhng thnh ng ting Vit c t
mt, ming, mt trong cu to ca n u thuc
trng ngha ni n nhng vn xu, kh
hoc tt, p. iu ny th hin nt vn ha ca
ngi Vit nhn din c im bn trong tt
hay xu ca con ngi li i t c im hnh
thc bn ngoi, c th quan st c, nh cu
tc ng Con ln c bo c lng mi ngon.
Trong khi , nhng thnh ng ting Anh c
danh t eye (mt), head (ming), face (mt)
trong cu to ca n thng mang ngha khi
qut: ni n mt trng thi, mt kiu hnh
ng ca con ngi.
b4.Trong thnh ng ch BPCTN trong
ting Vit, cc b phn chim u th biu trng
cho tm trng, cm xc l c quan ni tng nh:
bng, d, gan, lng, rut. VD : sng bng
cht mang theo, tr ngi non d, bm gan
tm rut, thay lng i d, t tng khc rut).
Trong lng, rut v gan chim s lng
nhiu nht. Cn ting Anh, tim li xut hin
nhiu nht, c th din t mi cm xc v tm
hn con ngi. VD: learn by heart (hc thuc
lng), open ones heart (tri lng), break
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. Nhng cy trng ph hp vi kh hu n
i nh: melon (da ty), potato (khoai ty),
apricot (qu m) th xut hin trong thnh ng
ch BPCTN trong ting Anh. VD: bald head
like a potato, a nose like a small melon, the skin
likea dried apricot.
+ Cng c phc v nng nghip, chng
ti kho st c mt: cuc. VD: cuc git vo
lng, v danh t ny khng thy xut hin trong
thnh ng ting Anh.
+ Nhng con vt gn vi cuc sng la
nc v gn gi vi ngi Vit nh: g, ln,
tru, b, kh, h, voi, rn, ht, tp, cc ... VD:
s da g, u g hn t voi, u g m ln,
u tru mm b, u tru mt nga, nh
rn mt u, ci lng h, vut ru hm, m
treo ming mo, mm ming nh tp nhy,
mnh ht xng mai, ni toc mng heo, kh
t vt lng kh, gan cc ta. Trong thnh ng
ting Anh ch BPCTN,chng ti thy ch xut
hin : butterfliers (bm), bird (chim), bulldog
(ch bun). VD: butterflies in the stomach like
birds (hi hp lo lng), the way to a dogs heart
(cch ly lng ai ), like a great bulldog, and
his teeth bared (nh mt con ch si khng l,
mun an ti nut sng ai ).
+ Tn gio chnh ca ngi Vit l pht
gio, v c tp tc l th cc v thn thnh v
ngi m o hay tng kinh nim nam m a
di Pht. Thnh ng ting Vit ch BPCTN,
chng ti tm c hai danh t c lin quan:
nam m v thnh. VD: ming nam m bng b
dao gm, vi tha mun che mt thnh. Trong
thnh ng ting Anh ch BPCTN ch xut hin
mt danh t duy nht: God (Thng , Cha
tri). VD: from your mouth to Gods ears (Hy
vng, cu xin, mong c nhng iu bn mun
s tr thnh hin thc).
4. Kt lun
Qua phn tch trn, chng ti rt ra kt lun:
V c trng vn ha, mi mt dn tc trn th
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9. Ng c Thnh, Chu Xun Din (2006),
C s vn ha Vit Nam, Trng i hc
Khoa hc X hi v Nhn vn, i hc
Quc gia TP H Ch Minh.
10. Nguyn c Tn (2008), c trng vn
ho - dn tc ca ngn ng v t duy,
Nxb Khoa hc X hi.
11. Trassler, J., (1982) Idioms in English, A
pragmatic analysis, Tubingen, Germany:
Gunter Narr.
12. Trn Quc Vng (2000), C s vn ho
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hn v cm thy t tin hn trong vic hc ca
mnh.
C cc hnh thc tch hp thng c s
dng: Ni b mn hc, a mn hc, lin mn
hc v xuyn mn hc. a mn hc th hin
s t cnh nhau mt cch n gin ca cc
mn hc m khng ph v qu nhiu logic ni
ti ca ni dung khoa hc mi mn hc.
Lin mn p dng cho s tng tc gia cc
mn hc nhng thay i mt cch tinh t.
Quan im nhn thc lun cho rng lin mn
cho php xy dng li s thng nht ca khoa
hc. Mt cng c c hiu qu nht to nn
tip cn lin mn l t ngi hc trong tin
trnh gii quyt vn xung quanh mt tnh
hung phc hp, c tnh thc tin.
Nh vy, dy hc tch hp cp n
nhiu vn nhng y ti ch ch trng n
cc vn sau:
cc mn hc khc nhau.
Vic xy dng ch tch hp c thc
hin theo nguyn tc: hng n mc tiu gio
dc, m bo mc tiu mn hc. Ni dung ch
hc sinh khai thc, vn dng kin thc ca
mn hc pht hin v gii quyt vn mt
cch ch ng v sng to vi tinh thn hp tc;
Gn vi thc tin, tc ng n tnh cm, em
li nim vui, hng th hc tp cho hc sinh; Ph
hp vi nng lc hin c ca hc sinh; Ph hp
vi iu kin khch quan ca trng hc hin
nay; m bo t chc cho hc sinh hc tp
tch cc, gip hc sinh khai thc kin thc mn,
pht hin mt s k nng, nng lc chung.
sau:
Cc bc xy dng ch tch hp nh
Ni dung dy hc c thit k theo
ch (lin mn hoc ni mn) .
Phng php dy hc theo quan im
dy hc nh hng gii quyt vn
Thit k ni dung dy hc theo ch
mc thp th dy hc tch hp mi ch
l lng ghp nhng ni dung gio dc c lin
quan vo qu trnh dy hc mt mn hc nh:
lng ghp gio dc o c, li sng; gio dc
php lut; gio dc ch quyn quc gia v bin
gii, bin, o; gio dc s dng nng lng
tit kim v hiu qu, bo v mi trng, an
ton giao thng... Mc tch hp cao hn l
phi x l cc ni dung kin thc trong mi lin
quan vi nhau, bo m cho hc sinh vn dng
c tng hp cc kin thc mt cch hp
l gii quyt cc vn trong hc tp, trong
cuc sng, ng thi trnh vic hc sinh phi
hc li nhiu ln cng mt ni dung kin thc
ca hc sinh.
Bc 3: xut v tin hnh xy dng
mt s ch c th.
Phng php dy hc
Phng php dy hc rt a dng v phong
ph, tuy nhin t hiu qu trong trong qu
trnh dy hc ngi gio vin cn phi sng
to v linh hot trong vic la chn phng
php dy hc ph hp. Qua tm hiu v bng
kinh nghim ca bn thn ti nhn thy s dng
phng php dy hc theo quan im nh
hng gii quyt vn v nh hng hot
ng ph hp vi vic dy hc tch hp v n
mang li hiu qu cao.
a. Dy hc nh hng gii quyt vn
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Phng php dy hc nh hng gii quyt vn l cch thc, con ng m gio vin p
dng trong vic dy hc lm pht trin kh nng tm ti khm ph c lp ca hc sinh bng cch
a ra cc tnh hung c vn v iu khin hot ng ca hc sinh nhm gii quyt cc vn .
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quyt cc nhim v ngh nghip.
Trng tm kiu dy hc nh hng hot
ng l t chc qu trnh dy hc m trong
hc sinh hot ng to ra mt sn phm,
thng qua pht trin c cc nng lc hot
ng.
Bn cht ca dy hc nh hng hot
ng c th nh sau:
Dy hc nh hng hot ng l t
chc hc sinh hot ng mang tnh trn vn,
m trong hc sinh c lp thit k k hoch
qui trnh hot ng, thc hin hot ng theo k
hoch v kim tra nh gi kt qu hot ng.
T chc qu trnh dy hc, m trong
hc sinh hc thng qua hot ng c lp t nht
l theo qui trnh cch thc ca h.
Hc qua cc hot ng c th m kt
qu ca hot ng khng nht thit tuyt i
m c tnh cht l m (cc kt qu hot ng c
th khc nhau).
T chc tin hnh gi hc hng n
mc tiu hnh thnh hc sinh k nng gii
quyt nhim v hc tp.
Kt qu bi dy hc nh hng hot
ng to ra c sn phm vt cht hay tng.
Gi hc theo kiu nh hng hot ng
c t chc theo qui trnh 4 giai on nh sau:
G 1: a ra vn nhim v bi hc
Trnh by yu cu v kt qu hc tp (sn phm)
sinh
G 2: T lp k hoch hot ng ca hc
Thit k ni dung dy hc theo ch
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Modun: Tm hiu kinh doanh
- To lp tng kinh doanh Bi 2.
- Xy dng k hoch kinh doanh Bi 3.
Trong mn KHTN 6 c bi :
- Cht v tnh cht ca cc cht:Trong
bi hc ny HS c tm hiu v cc trng thi
ca cht, tnh tan hay khng tan trong nc hay
trong mt s cht lng khc, nhit si, nhit
nng chy, s chuyn th v bin i ca
cc cht
- Nguyn t, phn t, n cht, hp
cht: Trong bi hc nyHS c nhim v tm
hiu cc vt dng, dng trong gia nh xung
quanh em c lm bng nhng cht no; C
nhiu cc hp cht v c, hu c quen thuc
trong i sng n tn ti dng n cht, hay
hp cht: NaCL thnh phn chnh trong mui
n, Axit acetic cht c trong gim n, ng
saccaroz loi ng c dng ph bin
trong nc ung, lm bnh, ko...
- Vi khun v nm: Trong bi hc ny
HS tm hiu s hot ng ca cc vi sinh vt;
tc dng ca vi khun v nm.
Bc 2: La chn ni dung gn vi thc
tin i sng v ph hp vi nng lc ca hc
sinh.
T nhng phn tch trn v vi c im
ca hc sinh lp 6 chng ta c th la chn cc
ni dung:
Bo qun thc phm: Cc loi rau, c
qu, ht : HS c hc cc cch bo qun : Phi,
sy kh, ngm dm, mui chua, p mui...
S chuyn th ca cc cht: s nng
chy, s ng c, s bay hi...
Cht v tnh cht ca cc cht: la chn
cc dng c ph hp dng ng v bo qun
trong ch chin thc n.
Thc hnh ch bin mn n c s dng
74
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
Vn dng cc phng php dy hc
Phng php dy hc nu vn trong
dy hc ch tch hp lin mn.
- Gio vin a ra tnh hung: Nh bn
Hoa mi chuyn n mt khu dn c mi, B
bn y mi ngh hu, m bn y nh ni tr.
Ni sng ca em xa ch, xa trng hc. Nhng
nh Hoa li ngay mt ng kh rng ri, v
cch mt x nghip may khng xa. Vi iu kin
nh vy, theo em nh Hoa c th kinh doanh g
tng thu nhp cho gia nh?
- GV a ra nhim v: Lm th no
tng thu nhp cho gia nh, mt hng c th sn
xut v kinh doanh, xy dng k hoch kinh
doanh.
- HS trao i, tho lun, nghin cu
thc tin tm ra tng v ngnh ngh kinh
doanh, xy dng k hoch kinh doanh.
- GV c th s dng PP tho lun nhm,
k thut cng no, s t duy... tm mt
hng c th kinh doanh. Vi mt ni xa ch
th cc mt hng nh : rau ci mui chua, da
gi, cc loi c qu c th c my ngy
nhit thng hay trong t lnh: bu b,
khoai ty, cc loi kh...cc loi tri cy c
th ch bin thnh siro nc gii kht...... c th
l nhng sn phm c th kinh doanh.
Phng php dy hc nh hng
hot ng
t lu ngi ta nghin cu tip cn
l thuyt hot ng thit k t chc dy
hc. Vn dng l thuyt hot ng vo hot
ng dy hc tc l phi coi hc sinh l ch
th ca mi hot ng hc tp (hc l thuyt,
hc thc hnh, hc cc hot ng vn ha,
x hi...), gio vin cn phi xy dng nn
ni dung hot ng p ng yu cu ca mc
tiu o to th hin thnh h thng nhng
nhim v c th v t chc hot ng ca
hc sinh thc s c kt qu.
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75
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
hnh thc vt tht v hnh nh th hin cc bc
lm ra sn phm.
sinh
G 2: T lp k hoch hot ng ca hc
76
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TRAO I - NGHN CU
khc nhau, va gy qu ti, nhm chn, va
khng c c s hiu bit tng qut cng nh
kh nng ng dng ca kin thc tng hp vo
thc tin.
Dy hc tch hp c ngha quan trng
trong vic gio dc, rn luyn v pht trin k
nng t duy, phn tch tng hp, khi qut ha,
tru tng ha cho ngi hc. S pht trin
nhanh chng ca khoa hc k thut trong giai
on hin nay i hi s thay i cn bn
v ton din v ni dung v phng php gio
dc. V vy dy hc tch hp l mt nh hng
trong i mi cn bn v ton din gio dc, l
mt bc chuyn t cch tip cn ni dung gio
dc sang tip cn nng lc nhm o to con
ngi c tri thc mi, nng ng, sng to khi
gii quyt cc vn trong thc tin cuc sng.
Nh vy c th kt lun rng xy dng ni
dung dy hc tch hp cn phi thc hin ng
cc bc trong vic xc nh, xy dng ch
v la chn phng php dy hc ph hp l
c s cho vic dy hc tch hp t hiu qu.
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78
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vi bn thn nng cao kt qu hc tp. Bng
cch ny, nh gi qu trnh s gip ngi hc
lm ch tin trnh hc ca mnh (McDowell et
al, 2005).
2.3. Cc kiu nh gi qu trnh
T cc gi v cc kiu nh gi qu
trnh ca Duschl & Gitomer (1997) v Black
& Wiliam (1998b), ngi vit phn loi chng
thnh hai nhm
Bng giy
- Cc bi kim
tra ngn v
thng xuyn
- Bi tp ln
- Bi tp v nh
- Vit lun
- Tm tt ni
dung hc
- Nht k hc
tp
nh gi qu trnh t c kt qu tt.
nh gi qu trnh c th gip sinh
vin iu chnh hot ng hc tp ca mnh
th thng tin phn hi cn p ng 4 tiu ch.
Mt l, thng tin phn hi phi c th: phn
hi ca ngi dy khng nn mang tnh chung
chung m cng c th cng tt, trnh s dng
ngn ng mang tnh nh gi. iu ny s gip
ngi hc d dng bit c mnh hc c
g, kin thc b hng ch no, k nng hin
ti t c mc tiu hc tp ra hay cha.
Hai l, thng tin phn hi phi mang tnh xy
dng: phn hi ca ngi dy phi mang tnh
tch cc ng vin ngi hc, trnh to p
lc cho ngi hc. Phn hi c tnh xy dng
s to ra c hi hc tp tip theo cho ngi hc
ng thi gip ngi hc ci thin c im
yu ca bn thn. Ba l, thng tin phn hi phi
kh thi: da vo thng tin phn hi ca ngi
dy, ngi hc c th t mnh iu chnh vic
hc, t b sung kin thc cn thiu cng nh t
luyn tp thm t c mc tiu hc tp
ra. Bn l thng tin phn hi phi kp thi:
ngi dy cn a ra nhng nhn xt v nh
gi v vic hc ca ngi hc mt cch ng
lc ngi hc chnh sa hoc thit lp cch
hc tp mi nhm t c mc tiu hc tp
ra. (Race et al, 2005)
- Tr li cu hi
Vit
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
Gio vin gi m cu trc bi vit
Gio vin yu cu sinh vin tho lun
v nhng t vng v cu trc c th c
dng vi mt dng bi c th
Gio vin cho sinh vin lm bi tp
lin quan n ngn ng v cch t chc ca
bi vit
Gio vin cho sinh vin vit bi theo
c sn trong ti liu hc tp hoc vit bi
do gio vin thit k
2.5.1.3. Sau khi vit
Gio vin cho hc sinh phn hi v
bi vit ca cc em
FIVE-MINUTE ASSESSMENT
Baria-Vungtau Teacher Training College
Date: _______________________
Type of letter: _________________________________
In order to prepare for the next session, it would be very helpful for me to know about your
learning in todays session. Please take five minutes to respond to the following questions.
1.
1.1.
the heading
1.2.
the date
1.3.
the salutation
1.4.
the opening
1.5.
the focus
1.6.
the action
1.7.
the closing
1.8.
1.9.
the signature
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1.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2.5.2.2. T nh gi bi vit
2.5.2.3. nh gi cho
Hc sinh s dng mu t nh gi nh gi bi vit ca bn mnh sau khi vit hoc sau khi
cc sinh vin t nh gi bi ca mnh. Sau gio vin c th cung cp thng tin phn hi cho
sinh vin theo mu t nh gi hoc/v theo mu nh gi cho ca cc em.
Ni san s 07 - Trng CSP B Ra - Vng Tu
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
PEER-ASSESSMENT
Baria-Vungtau Teacher Training College
Name of the assessor(s): ___________________ Class: ______ Date: ______
Name of the writer: ____________________________
Type of letter: _________________________________
Writing task: ___________________________________________________
Global
Your
Marks
achieve-ment/2ms
Format and
Mechanics
The writing
complies
with all the
requirements
for a letter.
Words are
spelled
correctly, and
punctuation is
correct.
Ideas/ Content
Grammar
82
1.5
The writing
complies with
several of the
requirements
for a letter. The
letter includes
distracting
spelling and
punctuation
mistakes.
Ideas are
All ideas are
Most ideas
somewhat
expressed in
are expressed organized, but
a clear and
in a pretty
are not very
organized way. clear manner, clear. It takes
It is easy to
but the
more than one
figure out what organization reading to
the letter is
could have
figure out what
about.
been better.
the letter is
about.
Sentence
Sentence
structure is a
structure is
Sentence
little varied,
somewhat
structure is
with a lot
varied,
varied, with
of errors in
with mostly
few or no
grammar,
correctly used
errors.
which make
grammar
ideas difficult
points.
to follow.
The writing
complies with
most of the
requirements
for a letter.
Most words
are spelled
correctly, and
punctuation is
correct.
0.5
The writing
complies with
few of the
requirements
for a letter.
Words are too
difficult to
recognize.
The letter
seems to be
a collection
of unrelated
sentences. It is
very difficult
to figure out
what the letter
is about.
Sentence
structure is
monotonous
and repeated,
with frequent
errors in
grammar,
which impede
Task
achievement/8ms
which is
subdivided into
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Your
Marks
TRAO I - NGHN CU
Vocabulary
Vocabulary is
specific and
varied.
Vocabulary
is mostly
correct,
but some
specificity or
variety may
be lacking.
There are
many mistakes,
which make
it difficult to
follow the
ideas.
There are
too many
mistakes to
understand
and follow the
ideas.
Total:
____
OVERALL SCORES
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Strategies and challenges to change the focus
of assessment and instruction in science
classrooms. Educational Assessment, 4 (1): 3773.
4. McDowell, L., Sambell, K., Bazin,
V., Penlington, R., Wakelin, D. Wickes, H. &
Smailes, J. (2005) Assessment for Learning:
Current Practice Exemplars from the Centre
for Excellence in Teaching and Learning
Northumbria University Red Guides, Series 11,
Paper 17.
84
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85
TRAO I - NGHIN CU
8. Bn hc ngoi ng tt nht bng cch:
86
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quan trng vi bn)
b) Gn gng (theo mt phong cch c th)
c) Thoi mi ( bn c th d dng c
ng)
14. Khi bn khng th hot ng c v
cng khng th c sch th bn s chn:
a) Ni chuyn vi mt ngi bn
b) Xem ti vi hoc ngm cnh ngoi ca s
c) ung a trn gh hoc ln qua ln li
trn ging
Kt qu:
Nu a s cu tr li l a th phng cch
hc tt nht l thnh gic (nghe)
Nu a s cu tr li l b th phng cch
hc tt nht l th gic (nhn)
Nu a s cu tr li l c th phng cch
hc tt nht l cm xc vn ng (chm, thc
hnh v di chuyn)
Ch : Nu c hai phng cch hc tng
ng nhau, hy xem li xem c phi bn ang
nh du theo mun, theo cch bn nhn nhn
v bn thn mnh hay khng.
2.2. La chn phng php ghi nh
ph hp
Sau khi xc nh c phng cch hc
no ph hp nht vi bn thn, hy t hc theo
cc cch sau ghi nh kin thc tt nht
2.2.1. Nu bn l ngi hc theo phng
cch thnh gic th hy hc qua cc phng tin
truyn thanh:
c ln ni dung cn ghi nh
V d: Sau khi hc phn m u ca bi
California and Hawaii ca hc phn t nc
hc M, ngi hc tm tt nh sau:
California is thought as the state that
symbolizes the American dream. The main
characteristic of CA is its diversity of land and
people. It consists of deserts, forests, sandy
coast in the north and rocky coast in the south.
CAs people come from many different places
and cultures. Over 1/4 of its population is
Hispanic; Asian people accounts for 1/3 of its
population. The most remarkable event of CA
is the Gold rush in 1849. As James Marshall
discovered gold in 1848, thousands of people,
most of whom were American, Mexican, South
American, European, Australian, Chinese,
came to CA by walking, wagons or ships. This
led to the dramatic increase in CAs population
and the appearance of Levis jeans. Today, there
is still gold in CA and many people visit CA to
see gold mines and to pan for gold.
Ngi hc s ghi m li ni dung trn. Khi
ghi m, ngi hc cn c gng c theo mt
nhp iu ph hp, nhn ging nhng t quan
trng. iu ny s to n tng mnh khi ngi
c nghe li phn ghi m. Sau ngi hc s
nghe li v c ln ni dung ghi nh.
2.2.2. Nu bn l ngi hc theo phng
cch th gic th hy hc qua cc phng tin
hnh nh:
Tm tt ni dung bi hc bng cc biu
, th hoc s t duy
liu
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TRAO I - NGHIN CU
Ngi hc c th s dng cc bt mu
khc nhau t m nhm to du n mnh
m trong tm tr. Sau ngi hc s da vo
s ny ghi nh ni dung bi hc.
2.2.3. Nu bn l ngi hc theo phng
cch cm xc vn ng th hy hc qua cc hnh
thc hot ng
Tm tt v chia ni dung cn hc thnh
nhng phn ngn (c th bng hnh nh hay vn
bn)
Hc trong khong thi gian ngn, ngh
gii lao, ri hc tip
S dng cc ng tc lc hc ty
theo thi quen, v d nh i ti i lui, quay
bt trn tay, din t ni dung km cc ngn
ng c th
88
3. Kt lun
tip nhn, x l v ghi nh thng tin
trong mi trng hc tp, mi sinh vin c
phng cch hc ring, ph hp vi c im
c nhn. Khi xc nh c phng cch hc
ca bn thn, sinh vin s la chn c cch
hc ph hp nht vi mnh nng cao hiu
qu hc tp. Hy hc theo cch ca mnh d
cch c khc bit hoc k l vi ngi khc.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Barbe, Walter Burke; Swassing, Raymond
H.; Milone, Michael N. (1979).Teaching
through modality strengths: concepts and
practices. Zaner-Bloser Inc.
2. OBanion, Terry. (1997). A Learning College
for the 21st Century. The Oryx Press.
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VN NGH
PHONG TC BY MM NG QU NGY TT
Mm ng qut trn bn th t tin
dp Tt mang mt ngha chung su sc,
th hin c mun ca ngi Vit Nam s
t ng phc lm mn: Ph Qu Th
Khang Ninh. Tuy nhin, vic chn ng
qu nh th no mang liti lcc nm
chogia nhth khng phi ai cng bit.
V sao li gi l mm ng qu?
Theo thuyt duy vt c i, tt c mi
vt cht u c to nn bi 5 yu t ban
u gm: kim loi (kim), g (mc), nc
(thy), la (ha) v t (th) - gi l ng
hnh. Kim mu trng, Mc mu xanh, Thy
mu en, Ha mu , Th mu vng. Tc
l by mm ng qu trn bn th ngy Tt
ca ngi Vit Nam l mt trong nhng biu
hin ca t tng ny.
Ng tc nm, l biu tng chung ca
s sng. Qu biu tng cho s sung tc
qua cu to ca n: bn trong cha ht tng
trng cho sao, qu bao ly l v tr, ngha
l s sinh si trng tn ti sinh bt tn ca
s sng.
Ng qu ch s tp trung y cc
loi tri cy trong t tri. ng cha ta chn
5 loi tri cy cng m giao tha l ng
rng: Nhng sn vt ny c kt tinh t
cng sc, m hi, nc mt ca con ngi
lao ng, knh dng ln t tri, thn thnh
trong gi pht linh thing ca v tr vn vt
sinh tn. V t tng, hnh nh y n su
v tm thc ca ngi Vit Nam bao i nay.
Ng qu ch s tp trung y
cc loi tri cy trong t tri.
Phong tc by mm ng qu tng
vng min, a phng
T xa n nay, khng ai bit chnh xc
ng qu gm nhng qu g, nn ty vo
c trng mi vng min, ngi ta s chn
nhng qu ngon ngt, mu sc p, to trn
by bin.
min Bc, mm ng qu t trn
bn th t tin dp Tt theo 5 sc mu tng
trng cho mong c c ng phc: giu c,
sang trng, sng lu, khe mnh, bnh yn.
Mm ng qu ca ngi min Bc c 5 loi
qu c 5 mu khc nhau nh: chui/to mu
xanh.Bi(hoc pht th), cam, qut mu
vng, hng hoc to ty. t mu . Roi,
mn, o hoc l mu trng. Hng xim hoc
nho en, mng ct, mn mu en.
Do tri cy ngy cng a dng nn mm
ng qu ngy cng phong ph hn v ngi
ta cng khng cu k cng nhc ng qu
na m c th l bt, cu, thp qu. D by
bin nhiu loi tri cy hn nhng ngi ta
vn gi l mm ng qu.
min Trung, ngi dn khng qu
cu n hnh thc ngha ca mm ng qu,
m ch yu c g cng ny, thnh tm dng
knh t tin. Mt khc, ngi min Trung do
chu s giao thoa vn ha 2 min Bc - Nam
nn mm ng qu vn by bin : chui,
mng cu, sung, da, u , xoi
min Nam, mm ng qu thng thy
cc loi mng cu, da, u ,xoi, sung,da
hu, thm (da) c chch thnh cc tn
cu va xi hoc cu va sung.
Nu nh min Bc, hu nh tt c cc
loi qu, k c qu t mang v cay x u c
th by ln bn th, min sao mm ng qu
trng p mt; th ngi min Nam li king
k by mt s tri cy.
Mm ng qu ca ngi min Nam
Thng 1/2016
89
VN NGH
khng bao gi c chui, v loi qu ny tn
gi c m ging t chi th hin s nguy
kh. Qu cam cng khng c c mt trong
mm ng qu ngy Tt, v cu qut lm
cam chu, hay nh tri l ng ngha vi
l lt
90
- Xoi c m na n nh xi: cu
mong cho vic tiu xi khng thiu thn.
Vic by bin mm ng qu trn bn
th ca gia nh trong ngy Tt cng l mt
nt vn ha c sc ca ngi dn Vit Nam.
Chnh v vy d sinh sng phng tri no,
ngi dn Vit vn khng qun tc l ny
trong dp Tt Nguyn n gi gn bn sc
dn tc cho bn thn v cho con chu.
(Su tm)
Thng 1/2016
VN NGH
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91
VN NGH
NAM BC GIAO HA
Mai vng trn t Bc
o thm tri phng Nam
Xin thm mt cht nng
Rc trn nhng cnh vng
Xin thm mt cht lnh
Thm hng n xun sang
LC BT
Nhng cu lc bt u tin
Cn nghe vng ting m hin bn ni
Khi con tim bit bi hi
Ng ngh lc bt vit ri... ct i
Ngy th cn li nhng g?
Vi trang lc bt tm v ngy xa
Mt thi hoa bm mng m
Thng nhau ri c hng h ngi dng
Cu lc, cu bt ngp ngng
Theo ta i khp nghn trng xa xi
Bao nm tt t ngc xui
92
Thng 1/2016
VN NGH
CU I NGY TT
Vui xun sang, mng ng ta i hi thnh cng.
n Tt n, cho t nc mt nm khi sc.
Bi Quang Trng
Thng 1/2016
93
VN NGH
94
Thng 1/2016
VN NGH
tnh H Tnh, hiu l Song
An.
Sut 20 nm dy hc
di ch thc dn do
c lin quan xa gn n
phong tro yu nc trong
cc trng i hc ng
lun b chuyn n ht
ni ny n ni khc. Nm 1935 v dy hc ti
Bc Ninh nhiu ln gi chc Gim c hc khu
Bc Ninh cho n tn Tng khi ngha. Cch
mng thng Tm thnh cng ng gi nhng
trng trch trong ngnh gio dc, sau ngy ho
bnh lp li ng cng tc Ban tu th B gio
dc, tham gia su tm bin son cc cng trnh
v vn hc c in, cn i dn gian Vit Nam.
Lch s vn hc Vit Nam chn Hong Ngc
Phch lm ngi th hin nhng bc chuyn
v cht y - ngi m cnh ca u tin cho
nn tiu thuyt Vit Nam hin i. Vi tc phm
T Tm ca Hong Ngc Phch to nn
mt cuc cch tn ln trong ngh thut. Hong
Ngc Phch khng ch l mt nh vn c nhng
ng gp quan trng cho s pht trin ca vn
hc v s trng thnh ca khoa hc x hi m
ng cn l mt nh gio th h ca nhng ngi
khai sinh ra nn gio dc ca ch mi.
5. H Tng Mu
(1896-1951): Chin s
yu nc hot ng cch
mng nhit thnh.
H Tng Mu tn
khai sinh l H B C, khi
xut dng sang Thi Lan
hot ng mi mang tn
H Tng Mu v tr thnh tn gi chnh thc
n khi qua i. ng ngi lng Qunh i,
huyn Qunh Lu tnh Ngh An. Xut thn
trong mt gia nh c truyn thng khoa c,
truyn thng yu nc.
Hon cnh gia nh, qu hng, x hi
sm hun c tinh thn yu nc cch mng,
Thng 1/2016
95
VN NGH
thnh cng, bom n nhng Mec-lanh thot cht,
ch b thng. B cnh st pht hin v truy ui
ro rit, Phm Hng Thi nhanh chng thot ra
ngoi, nhy xung sng Chu Giang nh bi
sang bn kia b. Nhng dng nc xoy lm
Phm Hng Thi khng n c im hn,
ng anh dng hy sinh. S kin ny c
bo ch Trung Quc v nhiu nc trn th gii
a tin nhiu ngy lin vi tn gi Ting bom
Sa in. Nhn dn Qung Chu cho l hnh
vi ngha lit, a thi th Phm Hng Thi mai
tng chn i Bch Vn. Sau ny m Lit s
Phm Hng Thi c chuyn v xy ti Ngha
trang Trung ng Hong Hoa Cng, bn cnh
cc Lit s
Trung Quc,
m ch ghi
Vit Nam
Phm Hng
Thi Lit s
chi m.
Hnh chp thng 12/2015
96
Thng 1/2016
VN NGH
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97
TH L VIT V GI BI
Ban bin tp
98
Thng 1/2016
Sinh vin Hong Th Tm- ngnh Gio dc Tiu hc t gii Nht cuc thi Nt
p thanh nin nm 2015 Tnh B Ra-Vng Tu