PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR

PLANT HORMONES
 Why do all plants need
hormones?

† Respond to environmental factors

† Direct developmental processes
What are hormones?

Chemical substance synthesised in a

specific organ or tissue and
transported to another specific
target tissue
PLANT HORMONES
†Hormones are chemical messengers
†The important point is that whatever
they are called, they are chemical
messengers
Hormones are Chemical Messengers
What are the plant hormones?
What are the functions of the
plant hormones?
Several synthetic auxins have been
produced.
Auxin

† IAA (Indole Acetic Acid)

„ Untuk Induksi Kalus pada 10-30 µM.
< 1-10 µM dapat menstimulasi
organogenesis
„ Dinonaktifkan oleh cahaya light -----
teroksidasi.
 Auxin

† IBA (Indole-3-Butyric Acid)

„ Digunakan untuk tahap perakaran via
organogenesis.
„ Pada konsentrasi rendah (1-50 µM) :
Proses perakaran
„ Atau pada konsentrasi tinggi
(100-250 µM) selama 2-10 hari lalu
segera ditrasnfer dalam media bebas
hormon.
Auxin

† 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)

„ Umum digunakan untuk menginduksi kalus
„ Umum digunakan juga dalam kultur
suspensi sel pada tahap dediferensiasi
„ Sebagai sumber auksin tunggal (1-50 µM),
atau dalam kombinasi dengan NAA
 Auxin

† NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid)

„ Hampir sama dengan 2,4-D (tp lebih
jarang digunakan).
„ Sumber auxin tunggal (2-20 µM for
callus induction and growth of callus and
suspension cultures; 0.2-2 µM for root
induction)
„ Dikombinasikan dengan 2,4-D.
structure
 Cytokinin

† 6-Furfurylaminopurine (kinetin)
„ Sering ditambahkan dalam media induksi
kalus, kultur suspensi dan morfogenesis
(1-20 µM).
„ Konsentrasi yg lebih tinggi (20-50 µM)
dapat digunakan untuk menstimulasi
percepatan multiplikasi tunas, tunas
aksiler/adventif
 Cytokinin

† 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP, BA)

„ Digunakan dalam media induksi
kalus/kultur suspensi (0.5-5.0 µM), serta
untuk stimulasi morfogenesis (1-10 µM).
„ Lebih sering digunakan dibanding kinetin
untuk menginduksi percepatan
multiplikasi tunas (5-50 µM)
 Cytokinin

† N-Isopentenylaminopurine (2iP)
„ Lebih jarang digunakan daripada K atau
BAP.
„ Menginduksi kalus dan pertumbuhannya
(2-10 µM),
„ Induksi morphogenesis (10-15 µM)
„ Multiplikasi tunas (30-50 µM).
 Cytokinin

† Zeatin (Zea)
„ Jarang digunakan dalam kultur
kalus/suspensi.
„ Dapat digunakan untuk stimulasi
morfogenesis (0.05-10 µM).
„ Zea bersifat thermolabile and must not
be autoclaved.
 Gibberellin A3

† Seldom used in callus or suspension

medium (one exception being potato). Can
promote shoot growth when added to shoot
induction medium at 0.03-14 µM. Also used
to enhance development in embryo/ovule
cultures (0.3-48 µM). GA3 is thermolabile
and must not be autoclaved.
 Abscisic Acid

† Used at concentrations of 0.4-10 µM

to prevent precocious germination,
and promote normal development of
somatic embryos.
 Hormone Product Name Function in Plant Tissue Culture

Auxins Indole-3-Acetic Acid Adventitous root formation (high concen)

Indole-3-Butyric Acid Adventitious shoot formation (low concen)
Indole-3-Butyric Acid, Potassium Salt Induction of somatic embryos
α-Naphthaleneacetic Acid Cell Division
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Callus formation and growth
p-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid Inhibition of axillary buds
Picloram Inhibition of root elongation
Dicamba
Cytokinins 6-Benzylaminopurine Adventitious shoot formation
6-γ,γ-Dimethylallylaminopurine (2iP) Inhibition of root formation
Kinetin Promotes cell division
Thidiazuron (TDZ) Modulates callus initiation and growth
N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’Phenylurea Stimulation of axillary’s bud breaking and growth
Zeatin Inhibition of shoot elongation
Zeatin Riboside Inhibition of leaf senescence
Gibberellins Gibberellic Acid Stimulates shoot elongation
Release seeds, embryos, and apical buds from dormancy
Inhibits adventitious root formation
Paclobutrazol and ancymidol inhibit gibberellin synthesis
thus resulting in shorter shoots, and promoting
tuber, corm, and bulb formation.
Abscisic Acid Abscisic Acid Stimulates bulb and tuber formation
Stimulates the maturation of embryos
Promotes the start of dormancy
Polyamines Putrescine Promotes adventitious root formation
Spermidine Promotes somatic embryogenesis
Promotes shoot formation
 PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
CONCENTRATION/MOLARITY (μM) CONVERSIONS

Growth Regulator ABA BA 4-CPA 2iP

Mol. Weight 264.3 225.3 186.6 203.2
0.1 mg/L 0.38 0.44 0.54 0.49
0.2 0.76 0.88 1.07 0.98
0.3 1.14 1.33 1.61 1.48
0.4 1.51 1.78 2.15 1.97
0.5 1.89 2.22 2.68 2.46
0.6 2.27 2.66 3.22 2.95
0.7 2.65 3.11 3.75 3.44
0.8 3.03 3.55 4.29 3.94
0.9 3.41 3.99 4.82 4.43
1.0 3.78 4.44 5.36 4.92
2.0 7.57 8.87 10.72 9.84
5.0 18.92 22.19 26.80 24.61
10.0 37.84 44.38 53.59 49.21
20.0 75.67 89.77 107.18 78.38

Solvent 1 N KOH 1 N KOH EtOH 1N KOH

Sterilization CA/F CA/F CA CA

Working Concentration
0.1- 10.0 0.1-5.0 0.1-10.0 1.0-30.0
(mg/L)
 Growth Regulator 2,4-D GA3 IAA IBA Kinetin NAA

Mol. Weight 221.0 346.4 175.2 203.2 215.2 186.2

0.1 mg/L 0.45 0.29 0.57 0.49 0.46 0.54
0.2 0.90 0.58 1.14 0.98 0.93 1.07
0.3 1.36 0.87 1.71 1.48 1.39 1.61
0.4 1.81 1.15 2.28 1.97 1.86 2.15
0.5 2.26 1.44 2.85 2.46 2.32 2.69
0.6 2.72 1.73 3.42 2.95 2.79 3.22
0.7 3.17 2.02 3.99 3.44 3.25 3.76
0.8 3.62 2.31 4.57 3.94 3.72 4.30
0.9 4.07 2.60 5.14 4.43 4.18 4.83
1.0 4.52 2.89 5.71 4.90 4.65 5.37
2.0 9.05 5.77 11.42 9.80 9.29 10.74
5.0 22.62 14.43 28.54 24.60 23.23 26.85
10.0 45.25 28.89 57.08 49.00 46.47 53.71
20.0 90.50 57.74 114.16 98.00 92.94 107.41

Solvent EtOH/1 N NaOH EtOH EtOH/1 N NaOH EtOH/1 N NaOH 1 N NaOH 1 N NaOH

Sterilization CA CA/F CA/F CA/F CA/F CA

Working Concentration
0.01-5.0 0.01-5.0 0.01-3.0 0.1-10.0 0.1-5.0 0.1-10.0
(mg/L)
 Keterangan :

• CA = Coautoclave with other media

components
• F = Filter Sterilize
• CA/F = Coautoclave with media
components, however, some loss
of activity may occur