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v = f (t) =
ds
dt
a = f (t) =
dv
dt
[acceleration]
(2004) v = 2t ( 6 t)
[velocity]
[velocity]
vP = 6 + 4t 2t2 (ms-1)
(ms-1)
vQ = 2
(2006) v = t2 6t + 5
[velocity]
(2007) v = t2 6t + 8
(2008) v = 10 + 3t t
[velocity]
2
[velocity]
Note : Usually the question asks about velocity because it involves differentiation to obtain
acceleration and integration to determine the displacement (distance travelled).
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Keywords
Initial
Particle returns to starting
point O
Particle passes through O
Particle achieves
maximum / minimum
displacement
Particle achieves
maximum / minimum
velocity
Particle changes direction
of motion
Particle stops
instantaneously ..
Particles moves with
constant velocity
o
o
Meaning
At the beginning
When t = 0
Examples / Remarks
1.1 Initial displacement : t = 0, s = ..
1.2 Initial velocity
: t = 0, v = ..
1.3 Initial acceleration : t = 0, a = ..
s=0
Candidates are required to determine the
time for each situation.
s=0
v=0
a=0
Usually candidates are also asked to
sketch the graph showing the motion of
the particles.
v=0
v=0
a=0
9.1 Displacement
(i) When a particle moves along a straight line, its displacement (s) from a fixed point O changes with time t.
We write : s = f(t)
(ii) If the direction towards the right is considered positive, then
(a) positive displacement means the particle is on the right side of O,
(b) negative displacement means the particle is on the left side of O,
(c) Zero displacement means the particle is at O.
A
1
s = 4t t2
(a) (i)
(ii)
t = 0, s = 4(0) (0)2
= 0
t=1,s=
(iii)
(iv)
(b) At O, s = 0, 4t t2 = 0
t(4 t) = 0
t=0, t=4
So, particle is back at O again after 4 seconds.
A
2
A
3
.
9.2 Velocity
(i) Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time.
s = f(t), v = f (t) =
ds
dt
[ differentiate s once]
(ii) If the direction of motion towards the right is considered positive, then
(a) positive velocity means the particle is moving towards the right,
(b) negative velocity means the particle is moving towards the left,,
(c) Zero velocity means the particle is stationary.
Q The velocity, v ms-1 , of a particle moving along a
1 straight line is given by v = 5 + 4t t2 at time t
seconds after passing through a fixed point O.
Find
(a) the initial velocity,
A
1
v = 5 + 4t t2
(a) t = 0 , v = 5 ms-1
(b) t = 2, v =
A
2
A
3
9.3 Acceleration
(i) Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
s = f(t), v = f (t) =
ds
dt
a=
dv
dt
A
1
a = 12 4t2
A
2
a = 6 2t
Q
3
A
3
A
1
2
0
0
4
Find
(a) the maximum velocity of the particle,
(b) the distance travelled during the third second,
(c) the value of of t when the particle passes the
point P again,
(d) the time between leaving P and when the
particle reverses its direction of motion.
A
2
2
0
0
6
(a) Find
(i) the initial velocity of the particle,
(ii) the time interval during which the
particle moves towards the left,
(iii) the time interval during which the
acceleration of the particle is positive.
[5marks]
(b) Sketch the velocity-time graph of the motion
of the particle 0 t 5
[2marks]
(c ) calculate the total distance traveled during
the first 5 seconds after leaving O.
[3
marks]
A
3
A
4
S
P
M
t
h
i
s
y
e
a
[Ans: 8 ms-2 ;
16 ms-1 ; 117 m]
r
?
[Ans: 12 ms-2 ;
27 ms-1 ; 46 m ,
0 < t < 5 ]]
1
3
[Answers: 18, 17 , 9, 6]
The velocity of P, vp ms-1, is given vp = 6+4t-2t2 , where t is the time, in seconds A, after it passes A while
Q travels with a constant velocity of -2 ms -1, Object P stops instantaneously at the point C, (Assume that
the positive direction of motion is towards the right)
Find,
(a) the maximum velocity, in ms -1-, of P,
[3 marks]
(b) the distance, in m, of C from A,
[4 marks]
(c) the distance, in m, between P and Q when P is at the point C.
[3 marks]
[Answers: 8, 18, 4]
Motion Along A Straight Line
Q 2. : A particle moves in a straight line and passes through a fixed point O. Its velocity, v ms -1-, is given by
v = t2 12t + 20, where t is the time, in seconds, after leaving O.
(Assume motion to the right is positive)
(a) Find
(i) the initial velocity of the particle,
(ii) the time interval during which the particle moves towards the left,
(iii) the time interval during which the acceleration of the particle is positive.
[5marks]
(b) Sketch the velocity-time graph of the motion of the particle 0 t 10
[2marks]
(c ) calculate the total distance traveled during the first 10 seconds after leaving O.
[3 marks]
Q3 : A particle moves along a straight line and passes through a fixed point, P. Its velocity, v ms -1-, is given
by v = 3 t(4 t), where t is the time, in seconds, after passing through P.
[Assume motion to the right is positive]
Find
(a) the maximum velocity of the particle,
[3 marks]
(b) the distance traveled during the third second,
[3 marks]
(c) the value of of t when the particle passes the point P again,
[2marks]
(d) the time between leaving P and when the particle reverses its direction of motion.
[ 2marks]
[Answers: 12 ms-1, 11 m , t = 6s, 0 t 4 ]