Kemore Session 7- Design forme Tapes TROPICAL ARCHITECTURE: THE FUTURE R.M. Aynsley thon desig, suburbon desig and nda lng design ove the past decade in Ausrala has focused or temperate lina reson. Design sluiosdeeoped or tera cates hav Been revsed in opel repons ‘tho comadeatin ofthe comequncer. Overseas research indicating th quae ermal det tone for ze desig forthe pies con Be vlad. Ther re eising tole aval haemo beng ted Thereareconpeing razon wih empectto ene and long ter sana of bul eminent or ‘parading qoateatve nonce of planers arches nd urban deigas. The rity fin margin bevcen he ‘eri of thermal confor and serio ea ses inh wpa lnaes demands more ane ote) ‘osrmanc of bar enionment the re Introduction ‘What i lifee bout opel cimaes? To bein to ‘arts climatic fenlares at locations thrvsgont [Ausvala’s wopcal regions north ofthe Topic of Caicos, 28 dees 27 mints south aude Even ‘sory observations revel ht in Ausra’ pis we have temperate climate locations like the Atherton fsbeand aid deve nthe terior and warn had How do thes clinues vary fo liars fund oui ‘hep? In some cse such she Hetberea the ‘hen Tablelands and Me inthe ad dese 00, the ifn very ite exept wir ae milder ‘vith aerape daily alba solar ration dene Joly ‘eneing4S00Whn2 an 85 pce minim ly ‘winter terpertues in Duly above 19 degrees bal Bsns at 12. 9depees. Tee isms ceri wpa locates with respect rafal oes das De yea Herbenon, lode 173 degies Sou. a hon distance sores of Cars, and has 10st days een. nthe aos popes areas a dest evo Se the ropa cont he ingle climates wh ‘ema OI Anza is eniqucto the pial pon elieumity es tevorescreding 68 percent a 9 am, ding behest ‘on aay ‘en one exanines he concept of wopialinthe mina ‘he pen pbc bese cer tha opel irony ‘elated t amid opel reson Thi i stoney ‘cretion avel with wpical lands thik jong ‘eran and pen of san In tes of pase, lo ena cima design of bit entoing sae con ody tomperatie ob cae. ‘Sweating. In ot dy else, vaprave cooling by Sweating isle effec uin hha clings whe ‘Ur terse ae arsond 50 degrees, evaporative acling is compromised wen elaive bmi ise ‘Shove 0 percent at which apa presse of misar in Much of he housing conse in recent yersas taken ‘lc nage sale sbvisoas. Hones thes er {divisions exhibit ile cosiderton ofthe id ‘wopial late of ei locaton, These hoses ar the Pros of nenie snd soning cnet mst {doormen colon econ wr \ScA 97- RLM AynsleySession 7 - Desig forthe Tapes itis problems comin of wo appt be ‘ogee es tbe anne. Stas [et ave soe at there are more than ade ovr bee fo restre indoor shemal comfort during the day i the hotest steer mont Theesre problems te 0 pan Froquat cams occur bt ceing fs ae cpa af ‘estore ternal confor ring these pts ‘These observa sugpes thst pb aston on ie beefs of balng des for ti pels t ‘seeded complet he sls sues wich eure ‘ote commer isin ‘Thermal Comfort Swine enray efficient desin of tl evict: in ot aid eames tas heen socesfl In aheving emal confor fr bung oopans y ting pases ‘nergy espn echngues (Ret 1, Tisasboen posible becatie low relative humid allows igly fete rapontive cooing foe ld 1m warm hari wopiat climates ding he sone reluive humidity nally above 60 pereeat wich Inpis evapora coting othe ay. Ter aol Tew eres abot dees between net nor ryt iempenture pica above eres and ‘tetenpere 37 epee ve which iow sas {nba eain obama [Re 21. When sempre iced 37 grea Bum opi cies, passive cooling is no longer possible and some form of Fefge ses) restore hereon, ‘Thermal onfon in mechanical codon spses {tal on comfort model sich at Fate’ thermal emf nae! Re 3, Sch models te determin ‘nse tesiag fates income ciate tind wssunes a consiny hypothesis of ternal comfort ‘hich asses ths people's thems esponeonh Throughout th yes Other research by de Dea atin [Re] spp apie eel patos ‘than comfort developed by Humps [et 5 + ting ore sted to nen ar conned fie ning aking sing anal versin Ref 6. Ais [Ret 7 develope slr mode w Harpies as 09 Ansan data wich preity buh epee for heal newly Tafoutwen 18 depres ad 30 SegresC), Thermal eutaiy vases robo he year ‘with change inthe mean toutlyextdoor dey bulb ‘enperatre Te ‘To= 17600817 (Equation 1) eareesc “The thermal comfort range ends sproximtely 2 depress above ad ei this tua eget. Ip ‘vam ui lina, hem aif craps oF ‘analy vented bangs ving hi eaten a 3 depres warmer thn thermal ely pod or ccvpats of sr condoned bine ning th anger uations, High cave ity (nceding 6 econ) tnd exposure aan! ea gin rom sole ation ot Proximity whee suraces ceding 3 epee tent Ielowerthe dry bulb tempers ofthe ema comfort 220 whl airmen ca ae thon The flowing ‘djsments sggested by Moctrlane [Ref 2] af for Conf zoe natal erie mons Terma comfon zoe tenpertres a ites 1 be Tower by O8 degiessC foreach 10 perce inresee invlative amity when lie bunts ceed ‘Thema emfon zoe eerste key 1 be lowered by U5 dares frcch 24 epee in ‘seat itera aces above 38 dees which ‘alate ea onto cosets. ‘Thermal comfort 200 enperatres are ly 1 be sed by 035 epee for cach 0.5 tk alow pt expr kin upto dry ul air enperaure of $S depeec (ne skinenp-rt) ‘These adustnens eae the aber ines of ish wot nant hea a sd he beni fete sion war mi cites, flow bone Lm! $ nay distr Tose papers. but sone office workers ‘manage wih silos op 022 “Tae vey sal arin ink pic clintesberween the upper ea of he hem emf 20 an the ont ‘of sao het ses mane that designers of bul ‘vronmens need op lose ateton to eat ses Mos references to hea tes in mld weil climate ‘epon focus on a tepert a he teal vai Infact he hea ster imu dinensonl Te bea sess Inder apes Ausra he National Hel and Metal Research Coun she WGT ie Ret 8 “Thisndexhstueecomponens, ry bulbar tepersre, et ul empeatare ise oper ei he live ‘mii, and glbetempenue which 2 meine of {adios heat gan. The international standard 180) ‘7431089 (E) Hot eiremens- Exim of bet steon working man elu edn he WAC des, ‘The index can be sed eva esses eves bth Indoors an too which aes a flo in de sgn of built evionmens Iolo apictins ener le sone he WHGT index eae WBGT=0.7 +0124 +01 Equation 2) In shaded indoor applications the WHOT inde is ‘alesse WHGT=0.7 mb +03 1g Eason 3) ANZASCA'87- RLM. AynsleyTub = wet bulb emperanne. © te scot tempers © = ry ba epee. © ‘Tacos naam marinktveen amen cnionsand the one of serous beet sets demand wre gras, ‘valoion ofthe tema consequences dss for bult fvioamets nar bmi ops eo. ‘inning tral npr (368 deresC)) aporative cooling (Re. 29 an 10 The in of Inctease inthe toner body temperatore fo hold ‘ronments besa rons ceing some: chat ore ste Re Sa 9) ‘Given the spa marin bere abet linac oat ‘ows an th wpe mise bara hea oer an ‘rose eis ea ses during the ote ons hamid opal cna, migatin of hea ses needs ‘vein planing at in subut Jeson dorn ‘ind bailing Sven Regional Planning An ipo confers on Ub Thermal Environment Ste et a he Toa Unser in Fao, pan ‘resent spe [el 11) on he conetaion betwen {tun oslan ps a pyc ets and tee pect fn slanglng the bral performace ofthe iy. Site ‘lection ie consdeet i dal inating peat ‘ange of eter We forthe mow pa are mt ae 1 ‘cate foro ie inert alepay ost asd “There ae a umber of sous of guidlines for sing towne with reapet to clint. There ae those rm zion planes Sn conia inthe Ne [ReL.13) or thse ty Olyay a set ot i Design with Cina Re]. While rely possible eae ‘esting major es, thre are a amber a ew oes Seveloping in warm humid tropical regione such a8 ‘outhem Caina, Thailané and Malaysia tat present Spr for eer climates, Urban Design se, as exposed AMCORD (Rel) as boo ot Session 7- Design fo me Hopes Aeveloping sete of community, eee sues, scl ‘uly and visual atvenes, Despite references ‘natty, environmental eat an economic there ave il advance inte develgmes of qeative ‘Themsteceot neste AMCORD Ret. 14 hve ire limited referees Yo an design for the ‘reps without quanta design capo Mucho what Clinateeposbldplaysasttins gnrance of eh fort wpa es For example on evioonental onsiderations of ste ‘may anlage cl forsummershaing oo ‘ds cntnpet cite repens. Mn bn desi td bilig design sluines developed Tor temper flimaeresons have been applied i humid topical Fegions without profesional duty of eae to their “he rea ofthe ward hs been vexing in esac io an sin fe opal eensto provide gute sign data o erste te log tm viablty of wan ‘signs, Similar reveach fe needed in Asses, acuity in humid pial repos. nthe curent [ech mach. The Astalin Government's Eergy Resear & Develops Crpation(ERDC) herr ‘gency concerned na soled inthe 197 bude With {teins oss and longterm implaons toed inate ignore resin fr teak Tee ae examples of sustlnable, energy effin. !melum to nigh desty tan setlemeat In hot aid tropical pon to sere exemplar sme dating ack ensrcton nom stet oral shad somes With vated masonry rots, evaporative ceoling fom te features, deep courtyards and Wind towers for ‘elation (Ret) In contrat the Hos ai eon there are no historic ‘empl of ei tog dest wan fon fr the Topical elon wer ech alle in population than ‘oe in bt atdownsantpial coset ofbuldings ont with lightweight beh materials fom the Smoindng fre. In some cine amr of fares ‘sccupied 4 single longhoore bldg while otbers ‘elements costed of prous of detached hoses or ‘aly groups, None of tse setdeens hate dam ANZASCA'97- RM. AynsleySession 7 Desig forthe Depier fepulaion densest fo ts es nd owns. ‘Wa rply stoning popultions tote mat bund rpc gis thre a rent needa develop str onal doped ban desis, Professor Golny [Ref] nbs bok tea Urban Design steer the nee fr bu deg for hamid ‘ropa ciats to mutans pntation bees twallings aslo exhancs the ined epecty of ‘vaportvecoling. Tit suggests rss nee Uispersed pattern of development with les of ‘denarctontetwetn doer etal aes sad Suburban areas Tl overs speed touphou fer tse developments prot betes ni or warm topics. Sully ereae mo examples of sh bard tropical wn desig obec. Closly spaced le tah type office er residential buildings typical of Singapore nd Hong Keng rt rcommendel oth reoesflow fo ewan lings. Inte pstarcecs ae focused on des inva Duns with seperation. Init des ere tive spacing ad loetion of aden igs oil indetemunng be si pater tose he bliin 0p. These aiiw pater ae cetreely comps tl oniyte sued etainey testo sade, {i tountary ayer wind ones. Wh uh ned 0 ‘els th the aifiow win soup of bangs is Inexcaly kedto th shaper nd ping ote bl Ings Re. 6) rhc lsh design esponi | for these fens an wt ei then hey st cep responsibly forth dat fear resting oad. ‘ere wind effets or las fate vetion potent ‘el rami desis ‘The tea sss oan above hae sig-ifica ia cations with spect ioeneny cen an lng th ‘sna futon dss ote ham opel ‘Bons. People in conta towns dee slong he op Estes cent rel bey ding sme nee Feneraton trough wba ceaes to allel teat ses, {reas dss wih ignores te peti ot an ‘flesorisetientalto reve pret dr Ine mots wil foe sien oe sircondtoning it ‘ths uligs Ste sero et es, “Tesircontioning soln od robles compounded funber bythe Tact that ith high hui the it ‘ueitaners tv tote consti neat enery {0 condense water vapour fone eee the Tent eae, belore ere ay apart dees sir temperature. Une of air conitoning wl inure incase ambletarenperatar sd conte thet ‘sand effet as system condensers dnp fet Any ‘bation in sume tii ded il abd {0 the exiting summer onl pe od ad ines ‘eis demand manager fr sup sonics 1% ‘iba designer nd guatiatv tools inform em of the energy benefits of shade to bund tropical vironments. A study by the Lawrence Berkeley [rors [Ret] explored htaccess snd whesufcexonenroling urban rt sneffec ‘etucng colin land cents and CO2 proton, Inthe ‘ae of Mla the estat et Svings i ooling ergy were 2.5 pret and 253 poe reocon it pk power demand al of whitewashing use {einen te population by SO pea reper, Mase one armer ng, th peopl whe washed ‘ilge onthe Grecian stu nn gc ing. ‘tthe coaeeneon Utes Thera Envirnmertld st he Toa Unies Fakwoks fpanin 992 Ref Profesor Golan dscasd he commbtion tat ban design can make to Telleving dsorfo sess ‘mae Inthe eae of ty lites he pte ‘lear rom ng heritage of tos sin the ile ast, hat is compact melintorey morally shading teiings with avow. often. covered rst opt ‘esr rac igh epee inte lat ‘lition an wer fests aa oes ero ‘he nasal we of paved pron sre nd raced ‘septation nos uum rss ea aerate ‘ing fo 2 grees to 1 depen her tha those inadhacet pon ban ses Re 18) Tin ee fer ‘oar an uta eat id sully highest temperate Climate eons Hest sand effet have been mesure In Sinapere at 3.5 degrees andi Kala Lepr st 2 epees€ to 4 depres (Re 19] bund topical ‘ezine un esgnes ned to aprsine the ea Impacts of tet canyons xpmed bitumen pve at rk Ret 20, and 21 Jan coals eas of aso Ret 2 Other states of plat for envivomental coool wee ‘arid out dering ummerin pan Re 23), Te co fenes ef ats pound races ta a ily ‘heotbent of solr rato re bee demonstra Rel 2] nstaies of eteased a pera over ach faces." Singapore (Re. 28] ar plating propane als havea ron conserving natal We resort fd entoling dos slong rds in pc par ‘The Pot Dou Sie cous paing say lees visto of vrai an tin il rates ings bt des nt acess thecal infer ot ‘pooping or spcing of bling on maine recae peseraton et 26 sta dsgn nami topical cima eins shold be creating bal enzonment Allow bee2s opens bing and sounding ‘paces to asst eveportive col f exon ANZASCA‘97- R.MM AynsleyProve shading protect coups rm sla ie (Ue suas or vectton and okt reflecting stile fnsbes with high emia to xiimive Sumer sae temperatures of ving an ang Surfaces (<8 depres) to minis Neat 2a 10 rope om nar ado, Many ofthe een hiingin Maley dese Ken Testing to vere efoto wile arta earl ‘eatin in some ot hs sew office dng dein Suburban Design Rect suburban development is sessed eres immising frontage te residential allen These ‘enim cede anther cos oad the nreased population desty which snproves ‘ay of publi rsp systems. These Beis ae tangible, infor very pablo ubsision deelope ‘he problem i that similar effo bas ot bon eed een uring stan parc when aloes fe scaled down to 300 m2 in area Prio fo these ‘atavsesaliomensn Noth Queens wees raged from 60.2 m2 in are, take cesieahy ore alenon fo aporopeintees of ‘uilding forms than as occured da Hous buon Salen tl eo one side oun to agree emsinng sound acon the howe (Ret. 14}. Even so ‘herein House densi ite iferenc in. overage by ros of sgl trey bain nding {eve fod, taal x sbdivatn fen eee 9b ereet of ground mac. Tis ae snficrs imps tons forte type of acw iyo th bes Profesor Brian Lee, together with searcter Hasan snSoln, cndises paramere nes of to over Seas of eae boc ante or fhe Bouyer Wing tunel arte Univer of Shelled Ret27). These Stes denied te dee ypes ofa ow depend ingen te spacing desi of the tacks and wheter oF rote bcs were ranges nasil grid panei !Sggerea pn pte. At the wide spine te it tween Hoes. Ace backs were moved cows peer ‘hens fw pam een bos ot ach ou level bur ae inget oa the windwad face ofthe dow ‘nd lk. Atte smallest spacings thar lw sip from the top of one block To the next wth only 2 Sesion 7- Desig forthe Dopies ‘The development fee stow pts wi xp tobe percentage rsface area covered by Blocks is Inga in Figure I. The porto pit at cow ‘pecng of Mock cate skiing ove Sacha Now Fase rou eth ptesal foratra veision oop be ocsithey were hoses. The Hochst ‘tre oot meslled house. A bana yer id Tam dy of tose ina reset sebuiion ein ptr Suna a POD santa The Aeris ‘a Townvie Re 28, Individual Buildings ‘The mt of zing tsa sod wal are inte extra emseloe of comme tailings [Ref29] can have « (hice deuga pele on lingo inte 98D. ‘xt even Papua New Geiees tat had desis genes on gazing ras for omnia oie bags sae ‘herd 198, “Toe Australian estate of Troi Architects been cloring dein opto fr resicng cooing loads in eldings oush pura coating wine pray coin ‘et of ood Rel 30a! acl Wortsation cot ing witha usr cnr jet. These etniqs alow feraneneg tiie combination of colin an a ‘al setiition ores reales gi. [emi epee clas bat warm bans wpa cl es wih nal i terween abl codons sa eet of heat essen a problem. suey ofthe ‘race temperate of engin Townville Sting the ‘emer of 199 sing inal thermosteric "hat many eaceled 3 degrees the temperate above ‘whch faces come sare of ant teat gue oo Cupants. Some celags were measured at over 80 ese, Infrae radiation saan inpoant contort best ‘ion. Forsimplcty ch he water isa cons ‘ratobs inal peopoioal ee peau ier ce. Infant en nse aco ale cares Is propatonal ote difeense a ie ou pera ie bso temperatures Re. 31 Ths means the ae temperature ference fer up the epee sce fe a sigan higher se of hea ase. For ‘ample the hes aster by infeed raison 2s ‘efile svt with pre oppose srtces having ‘thst of 09 e163 Wan when the sic en Prtatues ae 30 dees and 20 degrees (ference 50) and 197 Win for similar sacs went surace terpeaties wih emis ae 70 degree and $0 (eproes (iene so 30 depeesC) Ths aks stSexion 7 - Desig for the Topi ooooo ogoogeo oogeScaoo ooo90000o0 s = gasgses8e2 ~ & Seegeerppeetees Lo IS Aa Soooeo0o50 Soooogoo Beooogs Seoog NORMAL CONFIGURATION (lan Aves. Density 40%) oo ooo Doo o oo STAGGERED CONFIGURATION (Plan 50, 30, 20.15 \f) ISOLATED ROUGHNESS FLOW REGIE trey NS JP) WAKE INTERFERENCE FLOW REGIME ted tice 40) Skim FLOW REGIME 107.8 325 FIG. 1 FLOW REGIMES FOR ARRAYS OF CUBIC ELEMENT: ANZASCA97- RM. Aynsley STAGGEREDreo mor importa sate heer of balding ‘va humid oil lima. ‘esigners psu mtu velation tive aor a Imovenent Methods fo estar ota vation ‘hoogh mote et ané outlet openitas ae eenslow In development and imited in accracy. Extensive ‘alton ye ert Eoerey gency TEA TR Shin the 1990 showed the best compar programs Produced a correlation coeficen of 0.4 with fed Iesuenens, Further conection snr pose PASSPORT-Air to accommodate the infloence of cfc ih eld menses 0075 Rel 20, Tas rogram wil yield esol tint of he value ow though newoets of pening ue 0 wid presse Aifereooss a aitempeatedeences. The progam ‘ilo rovide atom a sped of detons in spaces ‘een peings TeTEA show pun compton! tavdrectons [Ret 1). Appropaly modelled ste is toundy Ler wi tne sve capable of ieling {elable estates of sliflow through bulldogs. If sions requ cenit of inde ar movement or indoor thermal conform war huni inane (ne cxperinent co he ineyaion flaming buds faces wo provide sting was canted out in Malas Ihtoki Ret. 1, Leaver of sone pans ete obverved tone tempers 2 dpesC to egreesc lowe tan propor the are of tbr and stood ules 0 Sonat from their shading and cooling effects Maitnance of tach puting and avoince of pant famage to buildings due to root penetration were ensiced. Ping racks comaing hay plans sa ' Sanger Fig or Bouse in foam polyyrene ose with ited oan unt need ty by ‘balling: pricy darigopprssivpeoasof et ‘nd which ae common octns lose we equa Aor eminent spear sign fr hot humid regions {the 192 Us Thema Enioen conference at Professor Bach Gon [Re 35) He aed te ‘Gato of aoweinconditnned biking chris Sporopiate fo such cms. These were oder of importance: -Manipslaionof bing shapes tcaanc ross. ‘atin om proving brezes logue pn fers shone cosveniaon pit Session 7 -Desin fr the pies All openigs in he exert envelope should ave fee onsading wiht bstctng ao. Osean the prevaing tees na impor projecting wing al atte eva side ofan ope {ng canbe effective in inceasing cos vetltion by trese ‘Stagg pln forms can ast inti opin The talding envelope sou ins indoor facteurs propa inion Tg exteroal color ores inet sla rae tn (eee heal lead ar domi), Pe vegenioe sod te scala tg pst ‘tbl desien ‘The Future Infre ashisetral esgn ward of pasve ulin inthe wa mi rps nal be assed nny on oid nn eal cones Stely apart entre of god recur design I aches begin ‘owes the heal pores ofthe Dulgs ey ‘sini wll develop sss ints aspet of sin Monitoring of hr performancein pase desired rede ont computer tons re papal fre Prediction of indoor ternal comfort when there ‘active aur emai, ‘Som uilings withigh seman fonds n samba tropical regions, reprdens of the tlding envelope ‘etn mat bec mastnindoe hema confor een or igh intemal cook lad, One ample ie school cassroome The beat fom student i he ‘omit od ee exter loa fo leper {edsclarraitioa Inschcaes tee beomes ery ‘nd con efletve soning systems Excking dodaci cccingnmch yen wi, the prow nume of esp nee recovery whl ‘in balings wah igh vention eqaements such a Schools an clubs. ‘There whels whieh incorporate esiecan are coced and died by ext vention tir The welt o cool nd yh naming wa {ted Re 36. Another developer wil beens the ep of srivty by the inrogucton of displacement ‘Seaton instal of ming ems of condone it ‘Supply wi Svings of upto 26 pronto oligo ANZASCA'S7~ RM. Aynsley —Session 7 - Desig forthe Tapes Conclusions -Austriistapsag ar bebind ome third word couse. intesac inte apietion of pane ery 1 exo anno. urtan Gein, suburban deo nil Buildings for warm humid uopel cater Ref. 37 nd 3H atonal effrs in afvancing reson pain an bsignand itil bung dean se gly gre {ondamentl clit dileenes between he temperate ‘nd opcl elon ofthe county nd the need for prerae uattve esigneo.teedefelences :Me not abressed, poorly formed real planning. ‘tan dene, sbutndesin sd advil balding sin deco wil res egy ofl them femme and smeaty and eanecesery ongoing cost ‘webeade for communities in warm bumid Wopiea hes Cant trey deepen Soul provide move reliable estimates of natal ‘entiation at hey wil eed powetl comptes Ie woul ot be pining iscoer ht Aus spentmare money crc into psc oeay dei lives encores or pis and chika has eb Sentonpossvecnergy wilson rn sarang inva! ulin dso for ham conto of people thet 0h ‘Architect be the ta Skene ‘ing design. Without sensi ofthe ad ‘ince can ve extemes of eer auto be iferet (Gitano: aoe be-ficet eas) dene ‘ethan more profesional progres dene ae ‘od setetealy pening snd messy ete ne phys performance noi topic lina References 3 Sali Buiding ho oy Cine, rian, Sonn Wi. 1980-176 2 Mictrine, WV "Thermal Comfort Zones’ Aroiectl Science Revie. 198.1. 7p. 18, 3. Fang Oy Thermal comfort Copeagen Dish “Tecical ree 1970 4. de Dawe Fan Anis, "Vaio of he Predicted mean vote model fel comfort it ‘ScAusialin lds ASHRAE Panoctons 91,2, E8809, 1988 5. Humphreys. M. Confoabe door temperatures related fo outdoor ait emperatre, Bading Research Estaishnent Note, UK, Deparment ‘ef Eovrormert, No PD. [17761976 6 Nicol Fetal (Eds) Stndards fr thermal anf! Indoor air empernr standards the 2st cena, Lao. Chapnan & Hal, 1998, 9p a Aaliciems A “Tard a psscho pilin model of thermal perception", Zar J ‘Blometoologr, 251981 pp 0-122, Nationa! Heath and Media! Research Counc Occipotiona! Heabh Guide. Slat Sess. ‘Caner, Conoaweats Deparment Iss. Physiological Pres and Tena Comfort ASIRAE Handboot of Fundomentl, Aa {Cah Pasive Coating, Cambie, MET pes 198, Goins. G., “Usa Design Merpbolosy And ‘Thermal Pesfomance’AmorpheicEvoeneat, 1996, V3 No 3 pp 4356S, -Aymiey 8M, Meloume, Wand Vi. B. AchitcraralAerdhamics Lona, Applied Scene 977, Olgsay. Ms Design with Climate: bielimaric “pponchi areca esonalion New ees, Prnceoo Uaiersy Pres, 168 190 AMCORD: A nalonl reiomce docemen for Fesidenio! development, Commonwestth Department of Howsing at Regional Develanen 195, 7.219. Golan. Ethie and Urbon Design: Cate form and envdonmen, NS Wes. 1985, p20, ‘nals, R, ‘Shape and Flow: the extence of treet! sedis Proeedings of the ont NZSCAADTRA Confrence). Pas) Syne. Unierty of NSW. 1990, 102 ly ross, ‘Rtas etal, Sunmmerteat sands, ‘atte suri’ ASHRAE Transaction 1990, e196, Pek pee) Skier C., "Climate factor in utd! Nation” conference of Environmental Engineering Got Coart, Queensland 1719406, 1982, pp28i288 “eo, Un est sans stain topical oun’, Amoyphere Eionment, 1896 Vl B.No. 3, pp 507-1. Slain, Naerical stady of ta gory lle’, Preprints of 2nd Toba Univesity Iinernaonel Soon, CUTEST92, oho, Span, Sep. 110.1982 pp. 145146, Elna. Mt. ‘Energy soving trough urban design’, Proceedings of Workshop on Envitormentaly Sound Techies for heting ‘and cooling in humen setlements Dept of Mecanial Engineering Jes Cook Unive 28 Sept 2 Ostobe, 992 8 pases, Yoshida. Aare feat afer a wn In urban canyons". Preprints of 2nd Tobia Univers iernina Sposa, CUTEST 92, Fok, apn, Sep -10, 1982, pp 137138 "hid, "Staly nthe oudourice cimte ANZASCA‘97- RM Aynsley24 2. % x6 1m, (Fn Ta very evan Symposia, ‘CUTEST 92, Fusvka, Japan, Sep, 7101992, 38 Poulet, effect the ace steps Prop of 2nd Tale Unnrsy creatine Spoon, CUrEsT#2, Fukuoka. 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