Eric Riedl

Evan Dye
Section A
Lab 11: Frequency Response Plots of Filters
Introduction
The purpose of this lab was to measure frequency response plots of several different
types of filters using both old manual methods and faster electronic measurements to complete the
tasks given.
Part 1: RC First-Order Low-Pass Filter
For this part of the lab we built the following low-pass circuit using a source input of 5V peak-to-peak.

This portion of the lab focused on the use of an old fashioned method of analyzing the data using
individual measurements from the DMM over frequencies from 10 Hz to 100kHz, measuring the
magnitude of the capacitor voltage and the phase difference between the capacitor voltage and the
source voltage five times per decade. The output excel spreadsheet appeared as follows:

Which lead to the creation of the following two graphs:

Part 2: First-Order High-Pass Active Filter

For this portion of the lab we created the following high-pass filter using a 741 op amp with +/- 8V
power supplies and a sinusoidal input with an amplitude of 0.5 V peak-to-peak.

We then used Signal Express to obtain a frequency response of the magnitude of the transfer function
measuring 40 points from 10 Hz to 100 kHz. The screenshot taken of the of the graph created by Signal
Express is shown as follows:

Then we created a second plot using Excel, which provided the following output:

Part 3: Second-Order Low-Pass Filter

Next we built the following filter using a sinusoidal source input of 5V peak-to-peak.

We then followed the same procedure as the previous portion to produce the following output from
Signal Express:

And produced the following chart using Excel:

Part 4:
In this part of the lab, we built the active second order high-pass filter shown below. We
used a 0.5 Vpp source voltage.

Circuit analysis provides the equation for the output as =

which entails a transfer function of () = 2 4

1 3

7.02

2 4

(1 +1 )(3 +1 )
1

1
1
(1+ )(1+1 )
1 1
3 3

= (1+4526.9 )(1+21276.6 ).

We collected values at 40 frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 100,000 Hz and found the

following table of results, also formatted into the following two graphs.

f (Hz)
10
12.6638
16.03719
20.30918
25.71914
32.57021
41.24626
52.23345
66.14741
83.76776

T(s)
0.01265
0.013215
0.01196
0.012531
0.011864
0.012079
0.012893
0.013994
0.016712
0.021684

f (Hz)
106.0818
134.3399
170.1254
215.4435
272.8333
345.5107
437.5479
554.102
701.7038
888.6238

Part 4: Transfer Results

T(s)
f (Hz)
0.031107 1125.336
0.047181 1425.103
0.073237 1804.722
0.114785 2285.464
0.179056 2894.266
0.276689 3665.241
0.42074 4641.589
0.62596 5878.016
0.906006 7443.803
1.271169 9426.685

T(s)
1.725881
2.267175
2.883977
3.552802
4.237299
4.891266
5.471893
5.950107
6.317243
6.583718

f (Hz)
11937.77
15117.75
19144.82
24244.62
30702.91
38881.55
49238.83
62355.07
78965.23
100000

T(s)
6.766582
6.885288
6.953514
6.979825
6.962684
6.88048
6.66452
6.155582
5.289684
4.320847

Part 4: Transfer Function

8
7
6
|T(jw)|

5
4
3
2
1
0
1

10

100

1000
Frequency (Hz)

10000

100000

10000

100000

Part 4: Bode Plot

20
10

|T(jw)| (dB)

0
1

10

100

1000

-10
-20
-30
-40
-50

Frequency (Hz)

Note that since this is an active filter, it has a gain. The gain was predicted to be about
seven, and the transfer results reflect this. Overall, it follows the trend predicted for a high-pass
filter.

Part 5:
In this part, we built the passive band-pass filter shown below. We used a source voltage
of 5 Vpp.

For this circuit, using voltage divider techniques, we predicted a transfer function of
() =

1
1
(1+ )(1+2 2 )
1 1

= (1+66.7 )(1+

66666.7)

We collected values at 40 frequencies ranging from 10 Hz to 100,000 Hz and found the

following table of results, also formatted into the following two graphs.

f (Hz)
10
12.6638
16.03719
20.30918
25.71914
32.57021
41.24626
52.23345
66.14741
83.76776

T(s)
0.623708
0.694382
0.753423
0.79974
0.834092
0.858453
0.87508
0.886215
0.893471
0.898166

f (Hz)
106.0818
134.3399
170.1254
215.4435
272.8333
345.5107
437.5479
554.102
701.7038
888.6238

Part 5: Transfer Results

T(s)
f (Hz)
0.901046 1125.336
0.902886 1425.103
0.903912 1804.722
0.904469 2285.464
0.904721 2894.266
0.904653 3665.241
0.904371 4641.589
0.903845 5878.016
0.902878 7443.803
0.901492 9426.685

T(s)
0.899462
0.896264
0.891558
0.884381
0.873481
0.857064
0.83306
0.798939
0.752545
0.693332

f (Hz)
11937.77
15117.75
19144.82
24244.62
30702.91
38881.55
49238.83
62355.07
78965.23
100000

T(s)
0.622851
0.54515
0.465775
0.389883
0.321162
0.261427
0.211021
0.169342
0.135361
0.107942

|T(jw)|

Part 5: Transfer Function

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1

10

100

1000

Frequency (Hz)

10000

100000

Bode
0
1

10

100

1000

10000

|T(jw)| (dB)

-5
-10
-15
-20
-25

Frequency (Hz)

The trends produced are the same as those expected for a passive band-pass filter.

100000