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THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015

S 1
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm 3 peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 2. Thy phn hon ton
m gam X, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 71,20 gam alanin v 52,50 gam glyxin. Bit tng s lin
kt peptit trong phn t ca ba peptit trong X nh hn 10. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 96,70
B. 101,74
C. 100,30
D. 103,9
Cu 2: Ha tan ht 11,44 gam hn hp X gm Fe v FeO bng dung dch cha 0,25mol H2SO4 v
0,15mol HNO3 thu c dung dch Y v hn hp gm 0,08mol NO v a mol NO2 (khng c sn phm
kh no khc). Chia dung dch Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn I tc dng vi 97,5ml dung dch KOH 2M thu c 6,42 gam mt cht kt ta.
- Phn II tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c m gam kt ta.
Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 38,22
B. 29,15
C. 35,85
D. 32,26
Cu 3: Tng s ht proton, notron, electron trong hai nguyn t kim loi X v Y l 142, trong tng
s ht mng in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y
nhiu hn ca X l 12. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l
A. Ca, Fe.
B. Na, K.
C. Mg, Fe.
D. K, Ca.
Cu 4: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, mch h) tc dng
ht vi Na gii phng ra 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (H2SO4 c xc tc) th thu
c 1,48g mt este (hiu sut phn ng t 100%). Bit t l mol ca ancol : axit l 2 : 3. Cng thc
axit l
A. HCOOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. C2H5COOH.
D. C3H7COOH.
+
2+
+
Cu 5: Dung dch X c 0,1mol K ; 0,2mol Mg ; 0,1mol Na ; 0,2mol Cl- v amol Y-. C cn dung
dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Ion Y- v gi tr ca m l:
A. OH- v 20,3
B. NO3- v 42,9
C. NO3- v 23,1
D. OH- v 30,3
Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau: K, Fe, Ba, Cu, Na, Ca, Al, Li, Mg. S cht tc dng c vi nc nhit
thng l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
Cu 7: Nung nng hon ton 28,9g hn hp KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Hn hp kh thot ra c dn vo
nc d th thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) (lng oxi b ha tan khng ng k). Thnh phn phn
trm khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u l
A. 65,05%.
B. 34,95%.
C. 27,38%.
D. 68.34%.
2+
3+
+
2+
2+
Cu 8: Cho cc ion kim loi: Cu ; Fe ; Ag ; Zn ; Ca . Chiu tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim
loi l
A. Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe3+ < Cu2+ < Ag+
B. Ca2+ < Fe3+ < Zn2+ < Cu2+ < Ag+
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C. Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe3+ < Ag+ < Cu2+


D. Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Cu2+ < Fe3+ < Ag+
Cu 9: Cht no sau y khng thy phn c
A. saccaroz.
B. mantoz.
C. tinh bt.
D. fructoz.
Cu 10: Cho t t 300 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp Na2CO3 1M v NaHCO3
1M c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 4,48 lt.
C. 3,36 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
Cu 11: Ha tan hon ton 2,85g hn hp Al v Al2O3 vo dung dch NaOH ly d. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thy gii phng ra 1,008 lt kh (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ca Al2O3 trong hn hp
ban u l
A. 28,42%.
B. 36,57%.
C. 71,58%.
D. 75,09%.
Cu 12: Ha tan hon ton 10g hn hp gm FeSO4 v Fe2(SO4)3 vo nc thu c dung dch X. X
phn ng va vi 100 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,1M trong mi trng axit. Thnh phn phn trm v
khi lng ca Fe2(SO4)3 trong hn hp ban u l
A. 15,2%.
B. 76,0%.
C. 24,0%.
D. 84,8%.
Cu 13: kh hon ton 20,8g hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn va 5,6 lt (ktc) CO.
Khi lng Fe thu c sau phn ng l
A. 16,8g.
B. 18,6g.
C. 20,4g.
D. 26.5g.
2 2
6 2 6 1
Cu 14: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s , nguyn t ca nguyn t
Y c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y thuc loi lin
kt:
A. cho-nhn
B. cng ho tr.
C. ion
D. kim loi
Cu 15: Cho 10,0 gam hn hp hai anehit n chc (t l mol 1:1) tc dng vi AgNO3 d trong
NH3 thu c 64,8 gam Ag. Vy cng thc ca hai anehit l:
A. HCHO v CH3CHO
B. HCHO v C3H5CHO
C. CH3CHO v C2H3CHO
D. HCHO v C2H5CHO
Cu 16: Crackinh V lt pentan th thu c 2,5V lt hn hp X gm cc ankan v anken. Cho 22,4 lt
hn hp X qua dung dch Br2 d. Tnh s mol Br2 phn ng:
A. 0,40 mol
B. 0,75 mol
C. 0,50 mol
D. 0,60 mol
Cu 17: Hn hp X gm H2, ankin v anken. T khi ca X i vi H2 l 8,2. Cho 11,2 lt hn hp X
qua Ni nung nng thu c hn hp Y. Cho hn hp Y qua dung dch Br2 d thu c hn hp kh Z
c th tch 3,36 lt. T khi ca Z i vi H2 l 7,0. Vy khi lng dung dch Br2 tng ln l:
A. 6,8 gam
B. 6,1 gam
C. 5,6 gam
D. 4,2 gam
Cu 18: Cc dung dch no sau y c pH > 7: CH3NH2, H2NCH2COOH, CH3COONa, NH4Cl,
H2NCH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH, C6H5NH2, K2CO3:
A. 2.
B. 7.
C. 6.
D. 4.
Cu 19: Tnh khi lng axit v khi lng ancol cn ly iu ch c 86 gam poli(metyl
acrylat). Bit hiu sut phn ng este ho v phn ng trng hp ln lt l 62,5% v 80%.
A. 144 gam v 92 gam
B. 144 gam v 64 gam
C. 172 gam v 92 gam
D. 172 gam v 64 gam
+
Cu 20: Cho chui bin ha sau: C6H10O5(H ) C6H12O6 (ln men) X Y Z CH3COONa.
X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3COOH
B. C2H4, C2H5OH, CH3COOH.
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C. CH3CH(OH)COOH, CH3CH(OH)COONa, CH2CHCOONa.


D. C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH.
Cu 21: Cho cc polime sau: t tm, nilon-6, t axetat, nilon-6,6, t visco, poli(vinyl clorua), t
lapsan. S polime l t nhn to l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 22: Cho amino axit X no, mch h, cha 1 nhm chc mi loi. Cho 0,1 mol X phn ng ht vi
HCl d thu c dung dch cha 11,15g mui. Tn gi ca X l
A. glyxin.
B. valin.
C. alanin.
D. lysin.
Cu 23: Cho cc cht: (1) NH3, (2) C6H5NH2, (3) CH3NH2, (4) CH3NHCH3. Th t tnh bazo tng dn
l:
A. 1, 2, 3, 4.
B. 2, 1, 3, 4.
C. 2, 3, 1, 4.
D. 2, 4, 1, 3.
Cu 24: A, B l hai ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho hn hp gm 1,38g A v
1,2g B tc dng ht vi Na thu c 0,56 lt H2 (ktc). A, B ln lt l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
D. C4H9OH v C5H12OH.
Cu 25: Cu no sau y khng ng:
A. cc cht in li mnh l axit mnh, baz mnh v cc mui tan.
B. cc cht in li c trong dung dch s dn c in.
C. C6H12O6 l cht khng in li.
D. CH3COOH l cht in li mnh.
Cu 26: t chy hon ton 6g mt este X thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. Cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. C4H8O2.
B. C3H6O2.
C. C2H4O2
D. C4H6O2.
.
Cu 27: Trong cc cht sau y u l amin bc 2
A. H2N-[CH2]6-NH2. B. (CH3)2CH-NH2. C. CH3-NH-CH3.
D. C6H5NH2.
Cu 28: Cho t t n d dung dch NaOH vo cc ng phenol c cha vi git phenolphtalein.
Hin tng xy ra l:
A. cc ng phenol chuyn t hng sang xanh.
B. cc ng phenol chuyn t xanh sang hng.
C. cc ng phenol chuyn t khng mu sang hng.
D. cc ng phenol chuyn t hng sang khng mu.
Cu 29: Cho 2,53g hn hp X gm HCOOH, CH3COOH, C6H5OH (phenol) tc dng vi dung dch
NaOH va , sau phn ng thu c thm 0,72g nc v m gam hn hp mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,81.
B. 3,45.
C. 3,25.
D. 3,41.
Cu 30: Polime X c khi lng phn t l 400000 g/mol v h s trng hp l n = 4000. X l
A. [-CH2-CH2-]n.
B. [-CF2-CF2-]n.
C. [-CH2-CHCl-]n.
D. [-CH2-CH(CH3)-]n.
Cu 31: Khi i t Li ti Cs trong mt phn nhm bn knh nguyn t s
A. gim dn.
B. va tng va gim. C. tng dn.
D. khng i.
Cu 32: phn bit Gly-Ala-Val vi Gly-Ala ch dng ha cht no di y
A. NaCl.
B. NaOH.
C. qu tm.
D. Cu(OH)2.
Cu 33: Cho cn bng ha hc sau: NO2 (nu ) N2O4 (khng mu); H < 0. Hi khi nhng bnh
ng hn hp kh trn vo nc th:
A. mu nu nht dn.

B. mu nu m dn.
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C. mu gi nguyn nh ban u.
D. c A, B, C u sai.
Cu 34: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 100ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 1M.
Sau khi phn ng hon ton th khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 10g.
B. 20g.
C. 15g.
D. 30g.
Cu 35: Cho phng trnh phn ng: Mg + HNO3 X + N2O + Y. Tng h s (ti gin) ca phn
ng trn khi cn bng l
A. 20.
B. 32.
C. 24.
D. 55.
Cu 36: Khi nh t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch hn hp gm a mol NaOH v b mol
NaAlO2, kt qu th nghim c biu din trn th sau:
s mol Al(OH)3

1,2
0

0,8

2,0

2,8

s mol HCl

T l a:b l:
A. 2:1
B. 2:7
C. 4:7
D. 2:5
Cu 37: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc
ln thu ngn ri gom li l:
A. lu hunh
B. mui n
C. ct
D. vi sng
Cu 38: C bn l mt nhn ng cc dung dch sau: anehit axetic, glucoz, saccaroz, axit axetic.
Thuc th no c th dng xc nh dung dch c trong mi l.
A. kim loi Na
B. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3
C. Cu(OH)2 trong dung dch NaOH
D. CuO, nung nng
Cu 39: Cho cc cht c cha vng benzen v c phn t l C7H9N. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu cht
tc dng vi dung dch Br2 cho kt ta trng?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 4
D. 2
t ca o
;
Cu 40: Cho cc phn ng sau: (1) Cu(NO3)2
0

t
(2) NH4NO2 ; (3) NH3 + O2
0

C, Pt
t
t
850

; (4) NH3 + Cl2 ; (5) NH4Cl


; (6) NH3 + CuO . Cc phn ng u to
kh N2 l:
A. (1), (2), (5)
B. (3), (5), (6)
C. (2), (4), (6)
D. (1), (3), (4)
0

Cu 41: Thu phn pentapeptit X thu c cc ipeptit l Ala-Gly; Glu-Gly v tripeptit l Gly-AlaGlu. Vy cu trc ca peptit X l:
A. Glu-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly
B. Ala-Gly-Ala-Glu-Gly
C. Ala-Gly-Gly-Ala-Glu
D. Gly-Gly-Ala-Glu-Ala
1
2
3
Cu 42: Nguyn t H c cc ng v H ; H ; H. Nguyn t Cl c cc ng v 35Cl v 37Cl. S loi
phn t HCl c th c l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 43: Xt phn ng: N2 + 3H2 2NH3. Tc phn ng v c xc nh bi biu thc: v = k.
[N2].[H2]3. Hi tc phn ng s tng bao nhiu ln khi tng p sut chung ca h ln 2 ln:
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A. 4 ln
B. 8 ln
C. 12 ln
D. 16 ln
Cu 44: Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l:
A. Ca(H2PO4)2
B. CaHPO4
C. Ca3(PO4)2
D. NH4H2PO4
Cu 45: Cht X c cng thc CH3-CH(CH3)-CH = CH2. Tn thay th ca X l:
A. 2-metylbut-3-in B. 2-metylbut-3-en C. 3-metylbut-1-in
D. 3-metylbut-1-en
Cu 46: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca Al v Cr:
A. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom
B. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v nc
C. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dd H2SO4 c ngui
D. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dd HCl theo cng t l s mol
Cu 47: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy cc
cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l:
A. T, Z, Y, X
B. Z, T, Y, X
C. T, X, Y, Z
D. Y, T, X, Z
Cu 48: Dy gm cc ion u oxi ha c kim loi Fe l:
A. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+
B. Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+
C. Cr2+, Au3+, Fe3+ D. Cr2+, Cu2+, Ag+
Cu 49: t chy hon ton 0,1mol mt ancol n chc trong 0,5mol O2 (d) thu c tng s mol
kh v hi bng 0,75mol. Khi lng ancol ban u em t chy l:
A. 9,0 gam
B. 7,2 gam
C. 6,0 gam
D. 7,4 gam
Cu 50: Dng c di y c dng iu ch v nghin cu phn ng ca SO 2 vi dung dch
baz:

Cc cht A, B, C v D ln lt l:
A. HCl, Na2SO3, SO2, Ca(OH)2
C. HCl, FeS, SO2, Ca(OH)2

B. Na2SO3, H2SO4, SO2, Ca(OH)2


D. HCl, Na2CO3, CO2, Ca(OH)2

--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

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THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 2
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Khi nh t t n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch hn hp gm a mol H2SO4 v b mol
AlCl3, kt qu th nghim c biu din trn th sau:
so mol Al(OH)3

0,4
0

0,8

2,0

T l a:b l:
A. 2:1
B. 2:3
Cu 2: Cho cc mnh sau:
(1) Nc cng c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+.

2,8

C. 4:3

s mol NaOH

D. 1:1

(2) C th lm mm nc cng ton phn bng dung dch K2CO3.


(3) Phn bit nc cng tm thi v nc cng vnh cu bng cch un nng.
(4) Lm mm nc cng tm thi bng dung dch HCl.
(5) Dng NaOH va lm mm nc cng tm thi.
S mnh ng l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Cu 3: Hn hp X gm cc cht Y (C3H10N2O4) v cht Z (C4H8N2O3); trong Y l mui ca axit a
chc, Z l ipeptit mch h. Cho 28,08 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c
0,12mol hn hp kh u lm xanh qu tm m. Mt khc 28,08 gam X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d
thu c m gam cht hu c. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 37,65
B. 39,15
C. 38,85
D. 36,54
Cu 4: Thy phn hon ton 0,1mol este X bng NaOH, thu c mui ca axit cacboxylic v 6,2
gam ancol Z. Mui thu c c phn ng trng bc, Z ha tan Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh lam.
Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HCOOCH2CH2CH2OOCH
B. HCOOCH2CH(CH3)OOCH
C. HCOOCH2CH2OOCCH3
D. CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3
Cu 5: Chia 52,4 gam hn hp 2 anehit n chc l ng ng k tip thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn I tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 un nng thu c 108 gam Ag.

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- Phn II tc dng hon ton vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) thu c hn hp X gm 2 ancol Y v Z (MY <
MZ). un nng X vi H2SO4 c 1400c thu c 12,09 gam hn hp 3 ete. Bit hiu sut phn ng
to ete ca Y l 60%. Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca Z l:
A. 40%
B. 60%
C. 30%
D. 50%
Cu 6: Mt bnh kn ch cha cc cht: axetilen (0,3mol), vinyl axetilen (0,5mol) v hidro (0,8mol) v
mt t bt Niken. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 l 17,7.
Kh X phn ng va vi 0,7mol AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c m gam kt ta v 10,08 lit
hn hp kh Y (ktc). Kh Y phn ng ti a vi 0,1mol Br2 trong dung dch. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 99,8
B. 99,6
C. 98,4
D. 98,2
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp X gm axit acrylic, axit adipic, axit propanoic v
glixerol (trong s mol axit acrylic bng s mol axit propanoic) bng O2 d thu c hn hp Y gm
kh v hi. Dn Y vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol Ba(OH)2 thu c 98,5 gam kt ta v dung dch Z.
un nng Z li thy xut hin kt ta. Cho 23,8 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 300ml dung dch KOH
1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 15,8 gam
B. 22,2 gam
C. 16,6 gam
D. 30,8 gam
Cu 8: ng dng khng ng ca crom l:
A. iu kin thng, crom to lp mng oxit mn, bn chc nn c dng m bo v thp.
B. Crom l kim loi rt cng c th dng ct thy tinh.
C. Crom l kim loi nh, nn c s dng to cc hp kim dng trong ngnh hng khng.
D. Crom lm hp kim cng v chu nhit, nn dng to thp cng, khng g, chu nhit.
Cu 9. M t no di y v tnh cht vt l ca nhm l cha chnh xc:
A. Mm, d ko si v dt mng
B. Dn nhit v in tt, tt hn Fe, Cu
C. L kim loi nh
D. Mu trng bc
Cu 10: So vi nguyn t phi kim cng chu k, nguyn t kim loi
A. thng c bn knh nguyn t nh hn.
B. thng c s electron cc phn lp ngoi cng nhiu hn.
C. thng c nng lng ion ho nh hn.
D. thng d nhn electron trong cc phn ng ho hc.
Cu 11: T l v s nguyn t ca hai ng v A v B trong t nhin ca nguyn t X l 27: 23. ng
v A c 35 proton v 44 ntron, ng v B c nhiu hn ng v A 2 ntron. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca nguyn t X l
A. 79,92.
B. 80,01.
C. 81,86.
D. 79,35.
Cu 12: Phn ng: Cu + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 chng t
A. ion Fe2+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion Fe3+.
B. ion Fe3+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion Cu2+.
C. ion Fe3+ c tnh oxi ho yu hn ion Cu2+.
D. ion Fe3+ c tnh kh mnh hn ion Fe2+.
Cu 13: Trn V1 lt dung dch axit c pH = 5 vi V2 lt dung dch baz c pH = 9 thu c dung dch
c pH = 8. T l V1: V2 bng
A. 9: 10.
B. 11: 9.
C. 9: 11.
D. 10: 9.
Cu 14: Nguyn t Zn c bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nguyn t ln lt l 0,138 nm v 65
g/mol. Bit Zn ch chim 72,5% th tch tinh th. Khi lng ring (g/cm3) ca tinh th Zn l
A. 7,11.
B. 9,81.
C. 5,15.
D. 7,79.
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Cu 15: Trong cc polime sau, polime no khng thuc loi tng hp?
A. PVC
B. T xenluloz axetat
C. T capron
D. Polistiren
Cu 16: t chy hon ton 29,6 gam hn hp X gm CH3COOH, CxHyCOOH v (COOH)2 thu c
14,4 gam H2O v m gam CO2. Mt khc 29,6 gam hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi NaHCO3 thu
c 11,2 lt (ktc) kh CO2. Gi tr ca m l
A. 33,0.
B. 48,4.
C. 44,0.
D. 52,8.
Cu 17: Cu hnh electron ng l:
A. 26Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2
B. 26Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
C. 26Fe2+: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4
D. 26Fe3+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d5
Cu 18: Cng thc tng qut ca xeton khng no, mch h, hai chc, c cha mt lin kt ba trong
phn t l:
A. CnH2n2O2.
B. CnH2n4O2.
C. CnH2n6O2.
D. CnH2n8O2.
Cu 19: Nit v photpho l hai phi kim thuc nhm VA, nhn xt no sau y ng:
A. Hai nguyn t u c mc oxi ha +5, ha tr V trong hp cht.
B. m in ca photpho nh hn ca nit nn iu kin thng, phn t photpho bn hn
phn t nit.
C. Phn t NH3 km bn hn phn t PH3.
D. Axit H3PO4 kh b kh, khng c tnh oxi ha nh HNO3.
Cu 20: Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn
X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton X bng HNO3 c, nng, d thu c dung dch
Y. C cn dung dch Y th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 24,2 g.
B. 36 g.
C. 40 g.
D. 48,4 g.
Cu 21: Cho cc dung dch sau: anilin (1), metylamin (2), glyxin (3), lysin (4), natri phenolat (5),
H2N-CH2-COONa (6). S dung dch lm qu tm i thnh mu xanh l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Cu 22: Oxi ho hon ton a gam hn hp Mg, Zn v Al thu c b gam hn hp oxit. Cho hn hp
kim loi trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt kh (ktc). V c gi tr tnh
theo a, b l
A.

B.

C.

D.

Cu 23: Cho cc cht: CH2 = CH CH = CH2; CH3 CH2 CH = C(CH3)2; CH3 CH = CH CH =


CH2; CH3 CH = CH2; CH3 CH = CH COOH. S cht c ng phn hnh hc l:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 4
D. 1
Cu 24: Trn 2,7 gam Al vi 20 gam hn hp Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm, thu
c hn hp X. Ho tan X trong dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c 0,36 mol NO2 (l sn phm
kh duy nht). Khi lng ca Fe2O3 trong hn hp ban u l
A. 6,08 gam.
B. 16,36 gam.
C. 10,72 gam.
D. 1,44 gam.
Cu 25: Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch theo phng php in phn nng chy cc hp cht ca
chng l:
A. Na, Ca, Zn
B. Na, Ca, Al
C. Fe, Cu, Al
D. Na, Cu, Al
Cu 26: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l
A. HBr (t0), Na, CuO (t0), CH3COOH (xc tc).
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B. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc).


C. Ca, CuO (t0), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH
D. Na2CO3, CuO (t0), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CH3CO)2O
Cu 27: Nhit phn hon ton hn hp hai mui nitrat, thu c cht rn X. Nu cho X tc dng vi
lng d dung dch HCl long th thy X tan mt phn. Hai mui nitrat l
A. Fe(NO3)2, Al(NO3)3.
B. AgNO3, Au(NO3)3.
C. KNO3, Cu(NO3)2.
D. Cu(NO3)2, AgNO3.
Cu 28: Trong cc dung dch: HNO3, NaCl, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4, Mg(NO3)2, s dung dch tc
dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 6.
Cu 29: Cho 9,86 gam hn hp gm Mg v Zn vo mt cc cha 430 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M. Sau
khi phn ng hon ton, thm tip vo cc 1,2 lit dung dch hn hp gm Ba(OH)2 0,05M v NaOH
0,7M, khuy u cho phn ng hon ton, ri lc ly kt ta v nung nng n khi lng khng i
th thu c 26,08 gam cht rn. Khi lng magie trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 7,26 gam.
B. 2,6 gam.
C. 4,8 gam.
D. 1,24 gam.
Cu 30: Mt hp cht hu c X c thnh phn khi lng ca C, H, Cl ln lt l 14,28%, 1,19% v
84,53%. S ng phn cu to ca X l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 31: Cho cc cht l O2, SO2, H2O2, CO2, ZnS, S, H2SO4, FeCl2. Cc cht va c tnh kh, va c
tnh oxi ha l
A. SO2, ZnS, FeCl2
B. H2O2, S, SO2, CO2
C. CO2, Fe2O3, O2, H2SO4
D. FeCl2, S, SO2, H2O2
Cu 32: t chy hon ton 2,6 gam hn hp cht X gm mui natri ca hai axit cacboxylic no n
chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c 1,59 gam Na2CO3 v hn hp kh Y gm CO2, H2O.
Cng thc phn t ca hai mui trong hn hp X v khi lng hn hp Y l
A. CH3COONa; C2H5COONa; 3,4 gam.
B. C2H5COONa; C3H7COONa; 3,4 gam.
C. CH3COONa; C2H5COONa; 4,3 gam.
D. C4H9COONa; C3H7COONa; 3,4 gam.
Cu 33: Cho tt c cc ng phn mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 ln lt tc dng vi
Na, NaOH v NaHCO3. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 34: Thy phn 0,01 mol este ca mt ancol a chc vi mt axit n chc cn 1,2 gam NaOH.
Mt khc khi thy phn 4,36 gam este th cn 2,4 gam NaOH v thu c 4,92 gam mui. Cng
thc ca este l
A. (CH3COO)3C3H5 B. (C2H3COO)3C3H5 C. C3H5(COOCH3)3 D. C3H5(COOC2H3)3
Cu 35: Tm tn gi ng ng vi cu to sau:
CH3
C2H5

A. o-etylmetylbenzen
B. o-metyletylbenzen
C. 1 Etyl 2 Metylbenzen
D. C A v C u ng
Cu 36: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH, C17H33COOH v
C15H31COOH. S trieste ti a c to ra l
A. 6.

B. 18.

C. 9.

D. 27.
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Cu 37: Cho phng trnh ha hc:

CH3CH2OH K2Cr2O7 H2SO4 CH3CHO Cr2 SO4 3 K 2SO4 H2O


Sau khi cn bng vi h s nguyn n gin nht th tng h s cc cht trc phn ng l
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 6.
D. 11.
Cu 38: t chy hon ton amin X, bc I c kh nng to kt ta vi dung dch brom thu c 3,08
gam CO2, 0,81 gam H2O v 112 ml N2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. C6H5NH2
B. C6H5NHCH3
C. C6H5CH2NH2
D. CH3C6H4NH2
Cu 39: Cho s sau:
Xenluloz
X
Y
Z
T.
Cht T c tn gi l
A. vinyl acrylat.
B. etyl axetat.
C. metyl acrylat.
D. vinyl axetat.
Cu 40: iu no sau y khng ng khi ni v xenluloz:
A. Tan trong dung dch [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 B. C th dng iu ch ancol etylic
C. Dng sn xut t enang
D. To thnh este vi anhirit axetic
Cu 41: Thy phn hon ton 68,4 gam mantoz ri cho ton b sn phm tc dng vi lng d
Cu(OH)2/NaOH, un nng th thu c x gam kt ta, cn nu cho ton b lng sn phm ny tc
dng vi nc brom d th c y gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l
A. 57,6 v 64.
B. 28,8 v 64.
C. 28,8 v 32.
D. 57,6 v 32.
Cu 42: Hn hp X gm hai ancol thuc cng dy ng ng c khi lng 30,4 gam. Chia X thnh hai
phn bng nhau.
- Phn (1): Cho tc dng vi K d thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc).
- Phn (2): Tch nc hon ton 1700C, xc tc H2SO4 c thu c mt anken. Lng anken ny
lm mt mu dung dch cha 32 gam Br2.
Hai ancol trn l:
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
C. CH3OH v C4H9OH.
D. CH3OH v C3H7OH.
Cu 43: Hai este X v Y (phn t u cha vng benzen) c cng thc phn t l C9H8O2. X v Y u
tc dng c vi Br2 theo t l mol 1:1. X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d cho mt mui v mt
anehit. Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d cho hai mui v nc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y c th
l:
A. HOOCC6H4CH=CH2 v CH2=CHCOOC6H5.
B. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v C6H5 CH=CHCOOH.
C. HCOOC6H4CH=CH2 v HCOOCH=CHC6H5.
D. C6H5 COOCH=CH2 v CH2=CHCOOC6H5.
Cu 44: Nhn xt no sau y khng ng:
A. C th dng nc brom phn bit phenol, anehit axetic, etanol v xiclohexanol.
B. CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH2Cl c ng phn hnh hc.
C. Cc amino axit u l cht rn iu kin thng.
D. Tt c cc nhm th c sn trong vng benzen nh hng th H v tr ortho v para u
lm tng kh nng phn ng th H vng benzen
Cu 45: Cho m gam hn hp X gm CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6 v H2 qua ng ng Ni, nung nng thu
c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) thy khi
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lng bnh tng 0,8 gam v c hn hp kh Z thot ra. t chy hon ton hn hp Z thu c 0,5
mol CO2 v 0,8 mol H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 37,2.
B. 7,32.
C. 6,64.
D. 8,4.
o
Cu 46: Cho kh N2 tc dng vi kh H2 c bt Fe xc tc t v p sut p th tc phn ng l v.
Nu gi nguyn nhit v tng p sut ln 2p th tc ca phn ng
N2 k 3H2 k 2NH3 k s tng ln

A. 2 ln.
B. 4 ln.
C. 8 ln.
D. 16 ln.
Cu 47: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Mg, Fe, Cu trong dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn
hp kh D (ktc) gm NO2 v NO ( ktc, khng cn sn phm kh no khc). T khi hi ca D so
vi hiro bng 18,2. Tng s gam mui khan to thnh theo m v V l
A. m

V
22, 4

B. m

V
22, 4

C. m +

341V
56

D. m -

V
7,75

Cu 48: Bit rng trong dung dch mui icromat lun lun c cn bng:

2CrO42- + 2H+
Cr2O72- + H2O

(da cam)
(vng)
Nu thm dung dch HBr c, d vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 th dung dch chuyn thnh
A. mu da cam.
B. mu vng.
C. mu xanh lc.
D. khng mu.
Cu 49: Trong t nhin, c nhiu ngun cht hu c sau khi b thi ra to ra kh H2S. Tuy nhin,
trong khng kh hm lng H2S rt t v
A. H2S tan c trong nc.
B. H2S b CO2 trong khng kh oxi ho thnh cht khc
.
C. H2S b oxi trong khng kh oxi ho chm thnh cht khc.
D. H2S b phn hy nhit thng to ra lu hunh v hiro.

Cu 50: iu ch kh Cl2 trong phng th nghim, mt bn lp dng c theo hnh v:


HCl
Cl2
MnO2

Bng
tm xt

H2SO4
c

im khng chnh xc trong h thng trn l:


A. Cch cp bnh cu
B. Cch lp ng dn kh i vo v i ra khi bnh ng H2SO4
C. Cch y bnh thu kh bng bng tm xt
D. Tt c cc trn
-------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

Trang 12/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 3
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Cho m gam ancol X no n chc mch h bc I i qua CuO (d) c t nng. Sau phn
ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng cht rn gim i 0,32 gam. Hn hp hi thu c c t khi so
vi hiro l 19. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,2.
B. 0,92.
C. 0,78.
D. 1,52.
Cu 2: Cho 0,25mol anehit X phn ng ti a vi 0,5mol H2 thu c 19 gam ancol. Mt khc 3,6
gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 21,6
B. 16,8
C. 32,4
D. 10,8
Cu 3: Cho X, Y l 2 cht thuc dy ng ng ca axit acrylic v MX < MY; Z l ancol c cng s
nguyn t C vi X; T l este 2 chc c to bi X, Y v Z. t chy hon ton 11,16 gam hn hp E
gm X, Y, Z v T cn va 13,216 lit kh O2 (ktc) thu c kh CO2 v 9,36 gam nc. Mt khc
11,16 gam E tc dng ti a vi dung dch cha 0,04 mol Br2. Khi lng mui thu c khi cho
cng lng E trn tc dng ht vi dung dch KOH d l:
A. 5,44 gam
B. 4,68 gam
C. 5,04 gam
D. 5,80 gam
Cu 4: Thy phn 37 gam hai este c cng cng thc C3H6O2 bng dung dch NaOH d. Chng ct
dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp ancol Y v cht rn khan Z. un nng Y vi H2SO4 c
1400c thu c 15,7 gam hn hp cc ete. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng mui trong
Z l:
A. 36,8 gam
B. 32,3 gam
C. 39,6 gam
D. 38,4 gam
Cu 5: Cho V ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,2M v NaOH 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3
0,1M th thu c lng kt ta ln nht. Gi tr ca V v khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 300 ml v 14,76 gam.
B. 300 ml v 14,304 gam.
C. 240 ml v 14,76 gam.
D. 240 ml v 14,304 gam.
Cu 6: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C4H7O2Cl. Ngi ta thy 1 mol X tc dng c vi 2
mol NaOH, to ra ancol a chc. Cht X c cng thc cu to l
A. CH3COOCH2CH2Cl.
B. ClCH2COOCH2CH3.
C. CH3COOCH(Cl)CH3.
D. HCOOCH(Cl)CH2CH3.
Br2 , Fe,1:1

NaOH, t, p

HCl

Y
Z. Cht Z trong dy
Cu 7: Cho dy chuyn ha: Toluen X
chuyn ha ny l:
A. benzyl clorua.
B. p-crezol.
C. m-crezol.
D. p-clobrombenzen.
Cu 8: Cho cc cht: H2S, MnO2, KClO3, NH3, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, CaOCl2, H2SO4 c. S cht th
hin tnh oxi ho khi cho tc dng vi HCl (trng thi kh hoc dung dch) l:
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 6.
Cu 9: Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 v c cng s mol. Cho 18
gam hn hp X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 12 gam NaOH, c cn dung dch to thnh th thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 25,4.
B. 22,5.
C. 8,2.
D. 13,6.
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 8,4 gam Fe thu c mt oxit st, ha tan hon ton oxit ny cn va
dung dch cha 0,2 mol H2SO4 long. Cng thc v khi lng oxit st l
A. FeO v 11,6 gam.
B. Fe2O3 v 10,0 gam.

Trang 13/305

C. Fe3O4 v 11,6 gam.


D. FeO v 10 gam.
Cu 11: Cho s chuyn ha: Benzen X Y C6H4(NH2)2, trong X v Y l nhng sn
phm chnh. Cht hu c Y l:
A. m-initrobenzen. B. o-initrobenzen. C. p-initrobenzen. D. m-nitrotoluen.
Cu 12: Cho 100 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cr, Al tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c 5,04 lt kh
(ktc) v phn khng tan X. Cho X tan ht trong dung dch HCl th thu c 38,5952 lt kh (ktc).
Phn trm v khi lng ca Cr trong hn hp u l
A. 13,988%.
B. 82,30%.
C. 45,25%.
D. 4,05%.
Cu 13: Dy cc cht u tan trong dung dch HCl l
A. AgCl, CrO, SiO2, HgS.
B. CrO, Cr2O3, FeS, ZnS.
C. PbS, HgS, SiO2, CuS.
D. AgCl, Cr2O3, SiO2, FeS.
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm Fe, FeO v Fe2O3. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam X
c t nng. Sau phn ng thu c 64 gam cht rn Y v 11,2 lt hn hp kh Z (ktc) c t khi
i vi hiro l 20,4. Gi tr ca m l
A. 70,4.
B. 75,25.
C. 56,00.
D. 65,75.
Cu 15: S ng phn l amino axit c cng cng thc phn t C4H7O4N l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 16: Cho m gam P2O5 tc dng vi 100ml dung dch NaOH 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 109m/71 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 42,6
B. 21,3
C. 14,2
D. 28,4
Cu 17: Cho 7,2 gam bt Mg tan ht trong dung dch hn hp HCl (d) v KNO3 thu c dung dch
X cha m gam mui v 2,688 lit kh Y (ktc) gm N2 v H2 c khi lng 0,76 gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 29,87
B. 24,03
C. 32,15
D. 36,28
Cu 18: Tng s lin kt (xichma) trong mt phn t ankin c cng thc tng qut CnH2n-2 l
A. 3n 2.
B. 3n 3.
C. 3n 5.
D. 3n 4.
Cu 19: Thc hin phn ng hiro ha hn hp X gm C2H6 v C3H8 (C2H6 chim 20% v th
tch) thu c hn hp Y c t khi i vi H2 l 13,5. Nu cc th tch kh o cng iu kin v hai
ankan b hiro ha vi hiu sut nh nhau th hiu sut ca phn ng l
A. 52,59%.
B. 55,75%.
C. 49,27%.
D. 50,25%.
Cu 20: Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Ba(AlO2)2 v b mol Ba(OH)2. Kt qu th
nghim c biu din trn th sau:
s mol Al(OH)3

1,2

0,8

2,0

2,8

s mol HCl

T l a:b l:
A. 7:4
B. 4:7
C. 2:7
D. 7:2
Cu 21: Dy gm cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng tnh kh l:
A. S2-, F-, Cl-, Br-, IB. F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, S2C. S2-, I-, Br-, Cl-, FD. I-, Br-, Cl-, F-, S2Cu 22: Nhm c cu to mng tinh th:
A. lc phng.
B. lp phng tm din.
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C. lc phng tm khi.
D. lp phng tm khi.
+
2+
2Cu 23: Cho Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z = 12), O (Z = 8), F- (Z = 9). Bn knh cc ion gim dn theo th
t t tri sang phi l
A. Na+, Mg2+, F-, O2-.
B. F-, O2-, Na+, Mg2+.
C. Mg2+, Na+, F-, O2-.
D. O2-, F-, Na+, Mg2+.
Cu 24: Trong cc loi t di y, loi no l t nhn to:
A. T axetat.
B. T tm.
C. Vinilon.
D. T capron.
Cu 25: Cho phn ng ha hc: Br2 + HCOOH 2HBr + CO2. Nng ban u ca HCOOH l
0,010 mol/lt, sau 40 giy nng ca HCOOH l 0,008 mol/lt. Tc trung bnh ca phn ng trong
khong thi gian 40 giy tnh theo HCOOH l:
A. 5,0.10-4 mol/ (l.s). B. 2,5.10-5 mol/ (l.s). C. 2,0.10-5 mol/ (l.s). D. 5,0.10-5 mol/ (l.s).
Cu 26: Cho cc cht: C2H5NH2 (1), C6H5NH2 (2), NH3 (3), NaOH (4), O2N-C6H4NH2 (5). Tnh baz
ca cc cht gim dn theo th t t tri sang phi l
A. (5), (2), (3), (1), (4).
B. (4), (1), (3), (5), (2).
C. (2), (5), (3), (1), (4).
D. (4), (1), (3), (2), (5).
Cu 27: Hn hp X gm 3 peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 3. Thy phn hon ton
m gam X, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 6,23 gam alanin; 6,00 gam glyxin v 9,36 gam valin. Bit
tng s lin kt peptit trong phn t ca ba peptit trong X ln hn 8. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 18,35
B. 18,80
C. 18,89
D. 19,07
o
Cu 28: Lng cn 90 thu c t 1 tn nguyn liu cha 80% tinh bt (cho DC2H5OH = 0,8 g/ml v
hiu sut 80%) l:
A. 650,75 lt.
B. 554,3 lt.
C. 504,8 lt.
D. 623,75 lt.
Cu 29: Khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot l Cu th
A. nng mol CuSO4 tng, anot tan.
B. nng mol CuSO4 khng i, catot tan.
C. nng mol CuSO4 tng, catot tan.
D. nng mol CuSO4 khng i, anot tan.
Cu 30: Dy trong tt c cc cht u lm mt mu dung dch nc brom l
A. Phenol, toluen, stiren.
B. Benzen, anilin, stiren.
C. Toluen, phenol, anilin.
D. Phenol, anilin, stitren.
Cu 31: Cho cc oxit: CrO, Al2O3, ZnO, Cr2O3, CuO, CrO3. S oxit tan trong dung dch HCl, khng
tan trong dung dch NaOH l:
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 32: Cho dy cc hp cht thm: p-HO-C6H4-COOH, p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH, p-HO-C6H4COOC2H5, p-HCOO-C6H4-OH, p-CH3O-C6H4-OH. C bao nhiu cht trong dy tha mn ng thi
hai iu kin sau: Ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:1; (b) Tc dng vi Na (d) to ra s mol H2
bng s mol cht phn ng:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
Cu 33: Cho cc cp cht:
(1) dung dch FeCl3 v Ag.
(2) dung dch Fe(NO3)2 v dung dch AgNO3.
(3) S v H2SO4 (c, nng).
(4) CaO v H2O
(5) dung dch NH3 + CrO3.
(6) S v dung dch H2SO4 long.
S cp cht c xy ra phn ng l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 34: Phn ln km c dng cho ng dng
A. ch to dy dn in v cc thit b in khc.
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B. ch to cc pin in ha (nh pin Zn-Mn c dng ph bin hin nay).


C. ch to cc hp kim c bn cao, chng n mn.
D. bo v b mt cc vt lm bng st thp, chng n mn.
Cu 35: Cho cc cp cht sau:
(1) FeCl3 + H2S
(2) CuCl2 + H2S
(3) Fe3O4 + HCl
(4) Fe3O4 + H2SO4 c
(5) Fe3O4 + H2SO4 long
(6) CuS + HNO3
S cp cht phn ng to ra cht kt ta l
A. 1.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 36: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c no, n chc X cn va ht 3,08 lt O2 thu c 1,8 gam
H2O v 2,24 lt CO2. Nu t khi hi ca X i vi oxi l 2,25 v cc th tch kh o ktc th s cng
thc cu to ca X l:
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 4.
Cu 37: Nhng mt thanh magie vo dung dch c cha 0,8 mol Fe(NO3)3 v 0,05 mol Cu(NO3)2. Sau
mt thi gian, ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch, cn li thy khi lng tng 11,6 gam so vi thanh kim
loi ban u. Khi lng magie phn ng l
A. 6,96 gam.
B. 20,88 gam.
C. 25,2 gam.
D. 24 gam.
2Cu 38: Dy gm cc ion khng phn ng c vi ion CO3 l
A. H+, Na+, K+.
B. NH4+, Na+, K+.
C. Na+, Ca2+, K+.
D. K+; NH4+; Mg2+.
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm Cu, Fe2O3 v CuO trong oxi chim 12,5% khi lng hn hp. Cho 11,2
lit kh CO (ktc) i qua m gam X un nng, sau mt thi gian thu c cht rn Y v hn hp kh Z c
t khi so vi H2 bng 18,8. Ha tan hon ton Y trong dung dch HNO3 c, nng d thu c dung
dch cha 2,8125m gam mui v 35,84 lit kh NO2 (ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr m gn gi
tr no nht sau y:
A. 64,1
B. 57,6
C. 76,8
D. 51,2
Cu 40: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng c vi glixerol l (cc cht xc tc c ):
A. Mg, Cu(OH)2; HBr; HNO3.
B. Na, MgO, HBr, HNO3, CH3COOH.
C. Na, NaOH, Cu(OH)2, HBr, HNO3.
D. Na, CuO, CH3COOH, HNO3.
Cu 41: Pht biu khng ng l:
A. thy phn (xt H+, to) saccaroz cng nh mantoz u cho cng 1 monosaccarit.
B. sn phm thy phn xenluloz (H+, to) c th tham gia phn ng trng gng.
C. dung dch fructoz ha tan c Cu(OH)2.
D. dung dch mantoz tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2/OH- cho kt ta gch.
Cu 42: Hp cht hu c X cha C, H v N, trong N chim 23,73% v khi lng. X tc dng vi
dung dch HCl theo t l s mol 1:1. S ng phn cu to ca X l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 43: Phn ng no di y l sai:
A. Cu + 2FeCl3 CuCl2 + 2FeCl2
B. Cu + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2
C. Cu + Cl2 CuCl2
D. Cu + 1/2O2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O
Cu 44: Cho dung dch BaCl2, nc brom, dung dch Ba(OH)2, dung dch NaCl, dung dch KMnO4,
dung dch NaOH. Ch dng mt dung dch duy nht phn bit c hai kh SO2 v SO3. S lng cc
dung dch c th tha mn l
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Cu 45: Nhng vng nc ging khoan khi mi mc nc ln th thy nc trong, nhng lu li
thy nc c, c mu nu, vng l do:
A. Nc c ion Fe2+ nn b oxi ha bi khng kh to ra Fe(OH)3.
B. Nc c cc cht bn.
C. Nc cha nhiu ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ nn to kt ta vi CO2.
D. Tt c u sai.
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Cu 46: Xt cn bng ho hc ca cc phn ng sau: 1. H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI(k); 2. 2SO2(k) + O2(k)


2SO3 (k); 3. CaCO3 (r) CaO (r) + CO2 (k); 4. Fe2O3(r) + 3CO(k) 2Fe (r) + 3CO2 (k); 5. N2 (k)
+ O2 (k) 2NO (k). Khi tng p sut cc phn ng cc cn bng ha hc khng b dch chuyn l:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 4, 5
C. 1, 3, 4
D. 2, 3, 5
Cu 47: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100g mi cht KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3
th cht to c lng oxi ln nht l:
A. KClO3
B. KMnO4
C. AgNO3
D. KNO3
Cu 48: Trong s cc cht di y, cht no c nhit si cao nht:
A. C2H5OH
B. HCOOCH3
C. CH3COOH
D. CH3CHO
Cu 49: Cho dy cc cht: Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3, Na2SO4. S cht trong dy va phn ng
vi dd HCl va phn ng vi dd NaOH l:
A. 2
B. 5
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 50: Khi iu ch lng nh cc kh trong phng th nghim c th thu kh bng cch: di khng
kh xui bnh, di khng kh p ngc bnh hoc di nc.

(1)
(2)
(3)
Thu kh bng cch di nc thng c dng vi kh no sau y:
A. N2
B. HCl
C. O2

D. C A v C

--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

Trang 17/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 4
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Thuc chut c thnh phn chnh l Zn3P2. Chut sau khi n phi b thng cht u:
A. Cht ngay ti ch.
B. gn ngun nc.
C. gn ngun thc n.
D. Khng r ni cht.
Cu 2: Ha tan hn hp gm 9,6 gam CuO v 24 gam Fe2O3 trong 240 ml dung dch H2SO4 2M n
phn ng hon ton. Sau phn ng thy c m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,8 m 2,7.
B. 7,2 m 5,6.
C. 7,2 m 4,8.
D. 7,2 > m > 4,8.
Cu 3: Cho dy cc hp cht sau: glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, mantoz, glixerol, ancol etylic, axit
aminoaxetic, propaniol-1,3. S hp cht khng c kh nng ha tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam mt hn hp A gm FeO v Fe2O3 phi dng va 80 ml dung
dch HCl 1M. Kh hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp A bng CO d th thu c hn hp kh B. Cho kh B
tc dng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta?
A. 4 gam.
B. 2 gam.
C. 10 gam.
D. 5 gam.
Cu 5: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic khng no n chc c mt lin kt i trong
gc hirocacbon, mch h, sn phm chy gm CO2 v H2O c tng khi lng l 16,8 gam. Axit
cacboxylic l
A. axit acrylic.
B. axit axetic.
C. axit metacrylic.
D. axit but-2-en-1-oic.
Cu 6: Cho cc cht: Cu, CuO, Cu2O, CuS, Cu2S, Cu(OH)2, CuCO3, CuSO3 ln lt vo dung dch
HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng oxi ho - kh xy ra l:
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 7.
Cu 7: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau
(1) FeS + HCl kh X
(3) CH3NH3NO3 + NaOH Kh Z

kh Y
(2) KClO3
(4) KMnO4 + HCl kh G
to

t
kh E
(5) Cu + H2SO4 c
(6) Cu + HNO3 c kh H
S lng kh u tc dng c vi dung dch kim l:
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 3.
Cu 8: in phn 100 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 2M vi in cc tr trong t giy, cng dng in
khng i 1,93A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht rn X, dung dch Y v kh Z.
Cho 16,8 gam Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 15,99 gam hn hp kim loi v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). G i tr ca t l
A. 5000.
B. 4820.
C. 3610.
D. 6000.
Cu 9: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4) ho thch; nhng
ngun nng lng sch l:
A. (1), (2), (3).
B. (1), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D. (2), (3), (4).
o

Trang 18/305

Cu 10: Cho cn bng 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k). Khi tng nhit th t khi ca hn hp kh so
vi H2 gim i. Pht biu ng khi ni v cn bng ny l:
A. Phn ng nghch ta nhit, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit
B. Phn ng thun ta nhit, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit
C. Phn ng nghch thu nhit, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit
D. Phn ng thun thu nhit, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit
Cu 11: Nung nng cho ti phn ng hon ton m gam hn hp Al2O3 v BaCO3 c hn hp X.
Ha tan ht X vo nc d c dung dch Y ch c mt cht tan. Sc CO2 d vo Y, sau un nng
tip cho ti khi t kt ta cc i th thu c 5,295 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,015 gam.
B. 7,465 gam.
C. 5,375 gam.
D. 4,485 gam.
Cu 12: Thy phn hn hp 0,01 mol saccaroz v 0,02mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c dd X
(hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u t 60%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi dd AgNO3 d
thu c lng Ag l:
A. 0,088mol
B. 0,072mol
C. 0,084mol
D. 0,090mol
Cu 13: Nhn nh no sau y ng?
(1) Dng CaCO3 lm cht chy loi b SiO2 trong luyn gang.
(2) Dng Mg ch to cc hp kim nh v bn nh uyra,
(3) Mg chy trong kh quyn kh CO2.
(4) Khng dng MgO in phn nng chy iu ch Mg.
(5) Dng ct dp tt m chy c mt Mg.
A. (2), (3), (5)
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (3), (5). D. (1), (2), (3), (4).
Cu 14: Cho s phn ng
H2

t0
C2H5Cl X CH3COOH Y CH4 Z C2H4
T
Cc cht X, Y, Z v T ln lt l
A. C2H5OH, CH3COONa, C2H2 v C2H6. B. C2H5OH, C2H5Cl, CH3COOC2H5 v C3H8.
C. CH3CHO, CH3Cl v C3H8.
D. CH3CHO, CH3COONa, C2H2 v C2H6.
Cu 15: Cho 22,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, FeS2 v Fe tc dng ht vi HNO3 (c nng, d)
thu c V lt kh ch c NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y vo mt
lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2, thu c 34,95 gam kt ta; cn khi cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d thu c 31,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 38,08.
B. 26,44.
C. 22,4.
D. 16,8.
Cu 16: Mt phi kim X tc dng mnh lit vi nc gii phng ra oxi phn t. Phi kim R to ra mt
hp cht vi X. Hp cht ny c tnh oxi ha rt mnh v c t khi so vi khng kh l 1,862. X, Y
ln lt l
A. F v S
B. F v O
C. Cl v O
D. Br v O
Cu 17: Dy cc ion no cho di y ch th hin tnh baz
A. HSO4-, Cl-, CH3COO-, PO43B. Al3+, HS- , SO32-, HPO42C. CO32-, S2-, PO43-, OHD. SO42-, HSO4-, NO3-, NH4+
Cu 18: Mt hn hp gm mt amin v mt amino axit no, mch h c mt nhm COOH v mt
nhm NH2. t chy hon ton 0,015 mol hn hp c 0,03 mol CO2. Bit 0,015 mol hn hp phn
ng va ht 0,015 mol HCl c 1,3725 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc amino axit
A. C5H11O2N.
B. CH3O2N.
C. C4H9O2N.
D. C3H7O2N.
Cu 19: Dy gm cc loi t c ngun gc xenluloz l
A. t tm, t nilon, t visco.
B. len, t tm, t axetat, si bng.
C. t visco, si bng, t axetat.
D. len, t tm, t axetat, si bng, t enang.

Trang 19/305

Cu 20: Hn hp B gm Fe v FeO c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi
dung dch HCl, d, thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng,
d, thu c 10,08 lt kh NO2 (ktc). Khi lng ca mi cht trong B ln lt l
A. 11,2 gam v 3,6 gam.
B. 5,6 gam v 7,2 gam.
C. 5,6 gam v 10,8 gam.
D. 11,2 gam v 7,2 gam.
Cu 21: Pht biu no sau y khng ng:
A. Hn hp gm FeS v CuS c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
B. Hn hp gm Ag v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 c.
C. Hn hp gm BaO v Al2O3 c th tan ht trong H2O.
D. Hn hp gm Fe3O4 v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
Cu 22: Axit cacboxylic X n chc, Y v Z l 2 ancol 2 chc, ng ng k tip (M Y < MZ). t
chy hon ton hn hp gm X, Y v Z cn va 10,64 lit O2 (ktc) thu c 8,96 lit CO2 v 9,9
gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp trn l:
A. 50,41%
B. 40,51%
C. 41,50%
D. 54,01%
Cu 23: Khi pin in ho Zn-Cu hot ng, phn ng xy ra catot l
A. Cu2+ + 2e Cu. B. Zn2+ + 2e Zn. C. Cu Cu2+ + 2e. D. Zn Zn2+ + 2e.
Cu 24: Cho dung dch A cha cc ion K+ (0,03 mol), M+, SO42-, CO32-. Cho dung dch tc dng vi
BaCl2 d thu c 8,6 gam kt ta. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi H2SO4 long d thu c 0,448 lit
kh (ktc). Khi c cn dung dch thu c 5,19 gam mui khan. ion M+ l
A. Na+.
B. Li+.
C. NH4+.
D. Rb+.
Cu 25: Cho s sau: NaOH X1 X2 X3 NaOH. Vi X1, X2, X3 l cc hp cht ca natri.
Vy X1, X2, X3 c th tng ng vi dy cht no sau y?
A. Na2CO3, NaCl v NaNO3
B. NaCl, NaNO3 v Na2CO3
C. Na2CO3, Na2SO4 v NaCl
D. NaNO3, Na2CO3 v NaCl
Cu 26: Cho tn gi ca mt s cht: metylamin (1); axit axetic (2); axit propanoic (3); etan-1,2-iol
(4); hexan-2,4-ion (5). Tn thuc loi danh php h thng l
A. (1), (2), (5).
B. (1), (3), (4), (5). C. (1), (4), (5).
D. (3), (4), (5).
Cu 27. Trong mt th nghim dng dung dch A chun cc cha dung dch B ngi ta nhn
thy pH ca dung dch trong cc ph thuc vo th tch dung dch A nh sau:
Vy thi nghim trn c th l:

A. Chun NaOH bng HCl


B. Chun HCl bng NaOH
C. Chun FeSO4 bng KMnO4
D. Chun KMnO4 bng FeSO4

Cu 28: Cho cc cht sau: NH3, HCl, SO3, N2. Chng c kiu lin kt ho hc no sau y:
A. Lin kt cng ho tr phn cc.
B. Lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc.
C. Lin kt cng ho tr.
D. Lin kt phi tr (lin kt cho nhn).
Trang 20/305

Cu 29: Poli(vinyl axetat) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp:


A. C2H5COOCH=CH2
B. CH2=CHCOOC2H5
C. CH3COOCH=CH2
D. CH2=CHCOOCH3
Cu 30: S lng ancol c cng thc phn t C5H12O khi tch nc to ra anken duy nht c cng
mch cacbon vi ancol l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 31: Rt t t dung dch AlCl3 n d vo dung dch NaOH ng thi lc nh. Hin tng quan
st c l
A. C kt ta trng, sau tan v bt kh thot ra.
B. Ban u c kt ta, tan ngay, sau to kt ta khng tan.
C. C bt kh khng mu thot ra.
D. Ban u khng c hin tng g sau c kt ta trng.
Cu 32: Cho cc phn ng sau
Cl2 + H2O HCl + HClO

Cl2 + 2NaOH NaClO + H2O + NaCl

3Cl2 + 6NaOH 5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O

2Cl2 + H2O + HgO HgCl2 + 2HClO

2Cl2 + HgO HgCl2 + Cl2O


Trong cc phn ng trn clo ng vai tr l cht g:
A. L cht oxi ho.
B. L cht kh.
C. Va l cht oxi ho, va l cht kh.
D. Khng l cht oxi ha, khng l cht kh.
Cu 33: Hai cht A, B l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l C9H8O2. A v B u cng hp
vi brom theo t l mol l 1 : 1. A, B u tc dng vi NaHCO3 v cha gc phenyl. Cng thc cu to
ca A v B ln lt l
A. C6H5-C(COOH)=CH2 v C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
B. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v C6H5-CH=CH-COOH
C. C6H5COOCH=CH2 v CH2=CH-COOC6H5
D. HOOCC6H4CH=CH2 v HOOCCH=CH-C6H5
Cu 34: Cho cc dn xut halogen sau: (1) etyl clorua; (2) phenyl clorua; (3) benzyl clorua; (4) pclotoluen; (5) 1,2-icloetan. Nhng dn xut b thy phn trong dung dch NaOH long, un nng l:
A. (2) (3) (5)
B. (1) (3) (5)
C. (1) (2) (3)
D. (2) (4) (5)
Cu 35: Thy phn hon ton 4,34 gam ipeptit mch h X (c to nn t 2 -amino axit c cng
thc H2NCxHyCOOH) bng dung dch NaOH d thu c 7,44 gam mui. Mt khc thy phn hon
ton 4,34 gam X bng dung dch HCl d thu c m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,79
B. 7,99
C. 8,89
D. 6,59
Cu 36: Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca
nguyn t B c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca A l 8. A v B l cc
nguyn t
A. Al v Br
B. Al v Cl
C. Mg v Cl
D. Si v Br
Cu 37: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N, X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch
NaOH d khi un nng thot ra kh Y lm xanh qu m, c t khi so vi hidro 15,5. Xc nh cng
thc cu to ca X
A. CH3-CH=CH-COONH4.
B. CH2=CH-COONH3CH3.
C. CH2=CH-CH2-COONH4.

D. CH3-COONH3CH=CH2.
Trang 21/305

Cu 38: Hp cht hu c tp chc A cha hai nhm chc khc nhau trong phn t. t chy mt
lng bt k A u ch to ra CO2 v H2O vi t l mol l 1:1. Chia A thnh ba phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 phn ng va vi 0,1 mol NaOH.
- Phn 2 tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,1 mol H2.
- Phn 3 c t chy to ra 0,3 mol CO2.
Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C2H4O
B. C3H6O3
C. C3H4O2
D. C3H6O2
Cu 39: Ha tan hon ton 32 gam Cu vo 200 gam dung dch HNO3 63% thu c dung dch X
(khng c ion NH4+). Cho X tc dng hon ton 500ml dung dch KOH 3M, sau lc kt ta thu
c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c cht rn Z. Nung Z n khi lng khng i thu c 124,6
gam cht rn. Nng % ca Cu(NO3)2 trong X l:
A. 38,56%
B. 45,28%
C. 47,00%
D. 35,09%
Cu 40: Cht no sau y khi cho tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1:1 thu c 2 dn xut monobrom
(tnh c ng phn hnh hc):
A. isobutilen
B. propin
C. metylxiclopropan D. isopren
Cu 41: Cho cc dung dch long sau: Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, NaOH. Ch c dng
thm mt ho cht no di y nhn bit cc cht trong cc dung dch long trn?
A. Dung dch NaOH. B. Dung dch HCl. C. Giy qu tm.
D. Dung dch Na2CO3.
Cu 42: Cho 6,5 gam Zn tc dng va ht vi dung dch cha m gam hn hp NaOH v NaNO3 thu
c 0,896 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh NH3 v H2. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,7.
B. 7,2.
C. 3,4.
D. 8,9.
Cu 43: Cng thc phn t ca caprolactam, axit lactic, axit glutamic v axit oxalic ln lt l:
A. C6H11NO; C3H6O3; C5H9O4N v C2H2O4.
B. C6H13NO2; C3H6O2; C5H9O2N v C2H2O4.
C. C6H11NO; C3H6O3; C5H11O4N v C2H2O4.
D. C6H11NO; C3H6O3; C5H9O4N v C2H4O4.
Cu 44: Khi nhit tng ln 100C, tc ca mt phn ng ho hc tng ln ba ln. Ngi ta ni
rng tc phn ng ho hc trn c h s nhit bng 3. Vy khi tng nhit phn ng t 200C
ln 500C th tc phn ng tng ln l:
A. 9 ln.
B. 6 ln.
C. 27 ln.
D. 81 ln.
Cu 45: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c X c cha hai nguyn t oxi trong phn t thu c
khng qu 17,92 lt CO2 (ktc). trung ha 0,25 mol X cn va 0,25 mol NaOH. Mt khc cho
0,5 mol X tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,5 mol H2. Khi cho 13,64 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch
NaOH va th thu c lng mui khan l
A. 16,06 gam.
B. 18,48 gam.
C. 16,94 gam.
D. 17,24 gam.
Cu 46: Cho dy cc cht: propin, but-2-in, axit fomic, axit axetic, anehit acrylic, axeton, saccaroz,
glucoz, etyl fomat, metyl axetat. S cht c kh nng kh c AgNO3/NH3 l:
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 47: Cht A c cng thc phn t C5H11O2N, A tc dng c vi NaHCO3 v A cha nhm chc
NH2, A c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. S ng phn cu to ca A l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 48: Chia hn hp gm hai ancol n chc X v Y (MX < MY) l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn
bng nhau
Trang 22/305

- t chy ha ton phn 1 thu c 3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,32 gam H2O.
- un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c 140oC to thnh 1,996 gam hn hp ba ete. Ha hi hon ton hn
hp ba ete trn, thu c th tch hi l 0,3864 lt (136,5oC v 2 atm). Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca
X v Y ln lt l
A. 62,5% v 70%.
B. 70% v 62,5%.
C. 50% v 50%.
D. 65,2% v 70%.
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm hidro, propen, axit acrylic, ancol anlylic (C3H5OH). t chy hon ton
1,0mol X thu c 39,6 gam CO2. un nng X vi Ni mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca
Y so vi X bng 1,25. Cho 0,4mol Y phn ng va vi V lit dung dch Br2 0,1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,3
B. 0,4
C. 0,6
D. 0,5
Cu 50: Mt hc sinh xut 2 cch pha long dung dch H2SO4 c nh hnh v:
H2SO4

H2O

H2SO4

Cch 1
Cch lm ng l:
A. Cch 1

B. Cch 2

H2O

Cch 2
C. C 2 cch

D. Khng cch no ng

Trang 23/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 5
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Cho hn hp kim loi Mg, Zn, Fe vo dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha gm 3 mui gm
A. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2.
B. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 v Cu(NO3)2.
C. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)3.
D. Mg(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3.
Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. F, Cl c cng ho tr bng 1, 3, 5 v 7. B. N, P c cng ho tr bng 2 v 5.
C. Br, I c cng ho tr bng 1, 3, 5 v 7.
D. O, S c cng ho tr bng 2, 4 v 6.
Cu 3: iu ch kh A bng dng c v ha cht nh hnh v:

A c th l kh no:
A. NH3

B. HCl

C. H2S

D. O2

Cu 4: Cho phn ng: CH2=CH2 + KMnO4 + H2O HOCH2-CH2OH + MnO2 + KOH. Tng cc h
s nguyn ca cc cht phn ng khi cn bng phng trnh l:
A. 7.
B. 14.
C. 9.

D. 16.

Cu 5: Trong dung dch CH3COOH c cn bng sau: CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+. Nu pha long
dung dch bng nc, in li ca CH3COOH s bin i nh th no:
A. Khng bin i
B. Tng
C. Khng xc nh c
D. Gim
Cu 6: Cht X c cng thc C6H10O4. Cho 1 mol X phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c cht
Y v hn hp ancol Z. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c thu c metyl etyl ete. Cht Y phn ng vi
dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c cht T. Cht T phn ng vi dung dch HBr, thu c 2 sn phm
l ng phn cu to ca nhau. Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Cht X l este 2 chc ca ancol 2 chc
B. Cht Y lm mt mu dung dch Br2
C. Cht T l axit n chc
D. Cht Y c cng thc phn t C3H2O4Na2
Trang 24/305

Cu 7: Dy bc nh cm c mu en v to ra Ag2S. Ngm dy bc ny trong nc tiu th li sng ra


do:
A. Ag2S tc dng vi NH3 to phc Ag(NH3)2+ khng mu tan trong dung dch.
B. Nc gt ra sch Ag2S.
C. Ag2S tc dng vi oxi to ra Ag2SO4 mu trng.
D. Nguyn nhn khc.
Cu 8: Hm lng phn trm ca canxi ihirophotphat trong phn supephotphat kp cha 40% P2O5
l:
A. 71,35%.
B. 69,0%.
C. 65,9%.
D. 73,1%.
Cu 9: Trong qu trnh n mn in ho hc, xy ra
A. s kh cc m.
B. s oxi ho cc dng.
C. s oxi ho cc dng v s kh cc m.
D. s oxi ho cc m v s kh cc dng.
Cu 10: Cho cc cht sau: (1) glyxin; (2) axit glutamic; (3) mui clorua ca axit glutamic; (4) mui
natri ca glyxin. Sp xp cc cht trn theo th t tng dn v pH (gi s chng c cng nng
mol/l).
A. (2) < (1) < (3) < (4)
B. (3) < (2) < (1) < (4)
C. (4) < (2) < (1) < (3)
D. (3) < (2) < (4) < (1)
Cu 11: t chy hon ton 1 mol cht bo thu c lng CO2 v H2O hn km nhau 8mol. Mt
khc a mol cht bo trn tc dng ti a vi 600ml dung dch Br2 1M. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,10
B. 0,15
C. 0,05
D. 0,20
Cu 12: Nguyn tc lm mm nc cng l
A. lm gim nng cc ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ trong nc cng.
B. oxi ho cc ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ trong nc cng.
C. kh cc ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ trong nc cng.
D. thay th cc ion Mg2+ v Ca2+ trong nc cng bng cc ion khc.
Cu 13: kh hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 cn 0,05 mol H2. Ho tan
hon ton 3,04 gam hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c th th tch kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy
nht) thu c ktc l:
A. 448 ml.
B. 224 ml.
C. 336 ml.
D. 112 ml.
Cu 14: in phn dung dch C cha a mol CuSO4 v 0,4mol KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp,
cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy thu c 4,48 lit kh anot (ktc). Nu thi gian
in phn l 2t th tng th tch kh thu c c 2 in cc l 10,08 lit (ktc). Bit hiu sut in
phn l 100%. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,20
B. 0,25
C. 0,22
D. 0,15
Cu 15: Chia hn hp bt hai kim loi Mg v Al thnh hai phn bng nhau.
Phn (1): Cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2.
Phn (2): Ho tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu
trong khng kh (cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24.
B. 3,36.
C. 4,48.
D. 5,6.

Trang 25/305

Cu 16: Cho 200 ml dung dch gm MgCl2 0,3M, AlCl3 0,45M v HCl 0,55M tc dng hon ton vi
V lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,01M. Gi tr ca V lng kt ta thu c ln
nht l
A. 8,5.
B. 12,5.
C. 12.
D. 12,25.
Cu 17: X l mt trong cc mui: Al(NO3)3, AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2, MgCO3, Ba(HCO3)2, NH4HCO3,
NH4Cl. Nung X cho n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Y, cht rn Y ny ho tan c trong
nc to thnh dung dch Z. C bao nhiu mui X tho mn cc tnh cht trn:
A. 4
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Cu 18: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm Al v m gam 2 oxit st trong kh tr thu c
hn hp rn X. Cho X vo dung dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch Y, cht khng tan Z v 13,44 lit
kh H2 (ktc). Sc kh CO2 d vo Y thu c 93,6 gam kt ta. Cho Z tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4
thu c dung dch cha 165,6 gam mui sunfat v 26,88 lit kh SO2 (ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht
ca H2SO4). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 50,4
B. 62,9
C. 64,8
D. 69,6
1
2
3
16
18
17
Cu 19: Hiro c ba ng v H, H, H ; oxi c ba ng v O, O, O. Trong t nhin c th c bao
nhiu loi phn t H2O cu to t cc ng v trn:
A. 6
B. 9
C. 12
D. 18
Cu 20: t chy 5,12 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong kh O2 thu c 7,36 gam hn hp X ch gm
cc oxit. Ha tan hon ton X trong dung dch HCl va thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y
vo dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
c 7,6 gam cht rn. Mt khc cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 52,34
B. 43,42
C. 40,18
D. 39,46
Cu 21: Hn hp kh X gm etilen v vinyl axetilen. Cho a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 19,08 gam kt ta. Mt khc a mol X phn ng ti a vi 0,46mol H2. Gi
tr ca a l:
A. 0,32
B. 0,22
C. 0,34
D. 0,46
Cu 22: Khi lng KCl cn thm vo 450 gam dung dch KCl 8% thu c dung dch KCl 12% l
A. 24,05 g.
B. 20,45 g.
C. 45,20 g.
D. 25,04 g.
Cu 23: Khi t chy cc ng ng ca mt loi hirocacbon th t l s mol nCO2 : nH2O tng dn khi
s nguyn t cacbon tng. Cc hirocacbon thuc loi
A. hirocacbon no, mch h.
B. hirocacbon khng no.
C. hirocacbon no, mch vng.
D. hirocacbon thm.
Cu 24: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) c khi lng 6,7 gam gm hai hirocacbon mch h phn ng
va vi 0,35 mol Br2 trong dung dch. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A. C2H2 v C4H6.
B. C2H2 v C4H8.
C. C3H4 v C4H8.
D. C2H2 v C3H8.
Cu 25: Tch nc t ancol X, bc II thu c anken. Cho 3 gam X tc dng ht vi Na d thu c
0,56 lt H2 (ktc). un nng X vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c sn phm l
A. propen.
B. but-2-en.
C. iisopropyl ete.
D. isec-butyl ete.
Cu 26: Cho 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M nhn thy s mol kt ta
ph thuc vo th tch dung dch NaOH theo th sau. Nng ca dung dch Al 2(SO4)3 trong th
nghim trn l:
A. 0,125M
B. 0,25M
C. 0,375M
D. 0,50M
Trang 26/305

Cu 27: Pht biu no sau y sai:


A. Hp cht cacbonyl c th b kh hoc b oxi ho.
B. Anehit v xeton u d b oxi ho.
C. Anehit v xeton l hp cht cacbonyl.
D. Anehit c th tham gia phn ng trng bc.
Cu 28: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc cn V lt kh O2 (ktc), sau phn
ng thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l
A. 8,96.
B. 11,2.
C. 6,72.
D. 4,48.
Cu 29: Nung nng 13,44 gam bt Fe trong kh O2 mt thi gian thu c 15,84 gam hn hp cht
rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ha tan ht X trong dung dch hn hp gm a mol HNO3 v 0,1
mol H2SO4 thu c dung dch Y (khng cha NH4+) v 2,016 lit kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca a
l:
A. 0,49
B. 0,55
C. 0,37
D. 0,46
Cu 30: Khi thu phn a gam mt este X thu c 0,92 gam glixerol, 3,02 gam natri linoleat
(C17H31COONa) v m gam mui ca natri oleat (C17H33COONa). Gi tr ca a v m l
A. 6,08 v 8,82.
B. 3,94 v 7,88.
C. 8,82 v 6,08.
D. 6,08 v 9,2.
Cu 31: Cho s phn ng sau: NaX (rn) + H2SO4 c, nng NaHSO4 + HX. Vy HX c th
ng vi dy cht no sau y?
A. HBr, HCl v HI
B. HNO3, HNO2 v HCl
C. HCl, HBr v HF
D. HNO3, HCl v HF
Cu 32: T ba -amino axit l glyxin, alanin v valin, c th to thnh bao nhiu tripeptit cha c ba
-amino trn:
A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 27
Cu 33: Cho 9,3 gam CH3NH2 tc dng vi dung dch FeCl2 d thu c a gam kt ta. Nung kt ta
trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th thu c b gam cht rn. b c gi tr l
A. 24,0.
B. 12,0.
C. 8,0.
D. 13,5.
Cu 34: Mnh no sau y sai vi glucoz:
A. Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2/OH- to dung dch mu xanh lam; tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O to este
pentaaxetat.
B. Kh hon hon bng H2 (xc tc Ni, to) to sobitol.
C. Tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to kt ta Ag; vi Cu(OH)2/OH- to kt ta gch
v lm nht mu nc brom.
D. Tn ti mt dng duy nht v c mt nhit nng chy duy nht.
Cu 35: Loi t no sau y thuc loi polieste:
A. T lapsan
B. T nitron
C. T capron
D. T nilon-6,6
Cu 36: Khi tch hiro clorua t cc ng phn ca C4H9Cl th thu c ti a bao nhiu anken:
Trang 27/305

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 37: Mt este X to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc c t khi hi so vi kh CO 2 bng 2. Khi
un nng X vi dung dch NaOH thu c ancol Y c khi lng bng 36,36% khi lng X phn
ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCOOC3H7.
B. C2H5COOCH3.
C. CH3COOC2H5
D. CH3COOCH3.
Cu 38: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua v pcrezol. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 4.
B. 7.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm mt anken v hiro c t khi so vi H2 bng 6,4. Cho X i qua niken nung
nng thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 bng 8 (gi thit hiu sut phn ng l 100%). CTPT
ca anken l
A. C4H8.
B. C3H6.
C. C5H10.
D. C2H4.
Cu 40: t chy hon ton 38,4 gam hn hp X gm axit butanioic, etanol, axit acrylic v axit
fomic (trong s mol axit fomic bng s mol axit acrylic) bng O2 d thu c hn hp Y gm kh
v hi. Dn Y vo dung dch cha 1,4 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 120 gam kt ta v dung dch Z. un
nng Z li thy xut hin kt ta. Cho 38,4 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 350ml dung dch NaOH 1M,
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 26,3 gam
B. 23,6 gam
C. 29,4 gam
D. 30,2 gam
Cu 41: Cho kim loi Ba ln lt vo cc dung dch: NaHCO3, CuSO4, (NH4)2CO3, NaNO3 v MgCl2.
S dung dch c kt ta to thnh l
A. 1.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
0

NaOH, t
CuO, t
Br2
Anehit hai chc. Cht
C3H6Br2 C3H6(OH)2
Cu 42: Cho s : X
X l:
A. butan.
B. propen.
C. xiclobutan.
D. xiclopropan.
Cu 43: Hn hp X gm cc axit hu c no, n chc, mch h v este no, n chc, mch h.
phn ng ht vi m gam X cn 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Nu t chy m gam hn hp ny th
thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,4.
B. 11,6.
C. 14,8.
D. 26,4.
Cu 44: Ho tan 0,72 gam bt Mg vo 200 ml hn hp dung dch AgNO3 0,15M v Fe(NO3)3 0,1M.
Khuy u cho ti khi phn ng hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,52.
B. 3,8.
C. 1,12.
D. 4,36.
Cu 45: Nguyn t crom c s hiu nguyn t l 24 v c 1e lp ngoi cng. S electron c thn
ca nguyn t crom trng thi c bn l
A. 4e.
B. 5e.
C. 6e.
D. 7e.

Cu 46: Ho tan hon ton 12,9 gam hn hp Cu, Zn bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c 3,136
lt SO2 (ktc), 0,64 gam lu hunh v dung dch mui sunfat. Thnh phn % khi lng ca Cu v Zn
trong hn hp ban u ln lt l
A. 45,54% v 54,46%.
B. 49,61% v 50,39%.
C. 51,15% v 49,85%.
D. 51,08% v 48,92%.
Cu 47: Cho cc kh: Cl2, HCl, CH3NH2, O2. S kh to khi trng khi tip xc vi kh NH3 l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.

Trang 28/305

Cu 48: Cho s : A B (ancol bc I) C D (ancol bc II) E F (ancol bc III). Bit A c


cng thc phn t C5H11Cl. Tn gi ca A l
A. 2-clo-3-metylbutan.

B. 1-clopentan.

C. 1-clo-2-metylbutan.
D. 1-clo-3-metylbutan.
Cu 49: Trong s cc cht: phenol, anilin, glucoz, mantoz v axit acrylic, s cht phn ng c
vi nc brom l
A. 2 cht.
B. 3 cht.
C. 4 cht.
D. 5 cht.
Cu 50: S ng phn n chc c cng CTPT C3H6O2 l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.

Trang 29/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 6
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Cng thc phn t chung ca mt amino axit no, mch h c cha 2 nhm COOH v 1 nhm
NH2 l
A. CnH2n+3O4N
B. CnH2n-3O4N
C. CnH2n-1O4N
D. CnH2n+1O4N
Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y l ng:
A. Nhm v canxi c cng kiu mng tinh th
B. Corinon l mt loi qung ca kim loi ng
C. Trong phn t ankan c cha 1 lin kt i C = C
D. Amiloz v amilopectin l hai dng ca xenluloz
Cu 3: Tn thay th ca cc cht c cng thc C2H5OH; CH3CHO v CH3COOH ln lt l:
A. ancol etylic; anehit axetic v axit axetic
B. etanol; etanal v axit etanoic
C. etanol; anehit etanal v axit etanoic
D. ancol etanol; anehit etanal v axit etanoic
Cu 4: Cho m gam hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 vo dung dch H2SO4 long d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton thy c 6,4 gam kim loi khng tan v dung dch X. Cho NH3 ti d vo dung dch X, lc
ly kt ta, nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c 32 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 35,2 gam
B. 25,6 gam
C. 70,4 gam
D. 51,2 gam
Cu 5: Cho cc cp cht ( trng thi rn hoc dung dch) phn ng vi nhau:
(1) Pb(NO3)2 + H2S.
(2) Pb(NO3)2 + CuCl2.
(3) H2S + SO2.
(4) FeCl3 + H2S.
(5) AlCl3 + NH3.
(6) NaAlO2 + AlCl3.
(7) FeS + HCl.
(8) Na2SiO3 + HCl.
(9) NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 d.
S lng cc phn ng to ra kt ta l:
A. 6
B. 9
C. 8
D. 7
Cu 6: Khi cho 11,95 gam hn hp alanin v glyxin tc dng vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 1M. C cn
dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,87 gam
B. 10,42 gam
C. 7,37 gam
D. 13,12 gam
Cu 7: Khi phun nc ra sch ng ph ngi ta thng cho thm CaCl2 (rn) xung ng v:
A. CaCl2 c kh nng gi bi trn mt ng.
B. CaCl2 rn c kh nng ht m tt nn gi hi nc lu trn mt ng.
C. CaCl2 tc dng vi nc, lm gi hi nc lu.
D. Nguyn nhn khc.
Cu 8: Mnh no sau y khng ng:
A. Tinh bt, xenluloz, mantoz u b thy phn trong mi trng axit
Trang 30/305

B. nhit thng glucoz, anehit oxalic, saccaroz u ha tan Cu(OH)2 to dung dch
xanh lam
C. Glucoz, fructoz, u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, to) cho poliancol
D. Cho isopren tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1:1 thu c ti a 6 sn phm (khng k ng
phn hnh hc)
Cu 9: Thuc th cn dng phn bit hai kh SO2 v H2S l dung dch
A. Nc brom
B. KMnO4/H2SO4
C. Ca(OH)2
D. NaOH
Cu 10: Dy gm cc cht u c tnh axit l:
A. NH4Cl, K2S, CH3COOH, HCl
B. NH4Cl, NaHCO3, CH3NH3Cl, C6H5OH
C. KHCO3, MgCl2, ZnO, CH3COONa
D. NH4Cl, NaHCO3, Na3PO4, C6H5ONa
Cu 11: Ha tan ht 5,2 gam crom vo dung dch HNO3 d, kt thc phn ng thu c 0,02 mol NO
v 0,024 mol kh X. Bit phn ng khng to mui NH4NO3. Kh X l
A. NO2
B. NH3
C. N2O
D. N2
Cu 12: Cho phn ng: Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NxOy + H2O. S phn t cht b kh trong phn
ng trn sau khi cn bng vi h s nguyn, ti gin nht l
A. 2x
B. 12x 4y
C. 5x 2y
D. 10x
Cu 13: Cho cc cht: caprolactam (1), isopropylbenzen (2), acrilonitrin (3), glyxin (4), vinyl axetat
(5). Cc cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp to polime l:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 3, 5
C. 1, 2, 5
D. 3, 4, 5
Cu 14: Ha cht c dng tch Al2O3 ra khi hn hp vi Cu(OH)2 l dung dch
A. NaOH
B. HCl
C. NH3
D. H2O
Cu 15: Ha tan ht 5,36 gam hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung dch cha 0,03 mol HNO3 v
0,18 mol H2SO4 thu c dung dch X v 0,01 mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho 0,04 mol Cu
vo X thy c kh NO tip tc thot ra, dung dch sau phn ng c cha m gam mui (khng ngm
nc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,94 gam
B. 23,76 gam
C. 28,00 gam
D. 19,44 gam
Cu 16: Khi lng xenluloz v khi lng axit nitric cn ly sn xut c 445,5 kg xenluloz
trinitrat (hiu sut phn ng t 75%) ln lt l:
A. 162 kg v 378 kg
B. 182,25 kg v 212,625 kg.
C. 324 kg v 126 kg
D. 324 kg v 378 kg.
Cu 17: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai este ng phn ca nhau cn dng 0,525 mol
O2 v thu c 0,45 mol CO2, 0,45 mol H2O. Nu cho m gam X tc dng ht vi 0,2 mol NaOH, ri
c cn dung dch to thnh thu c 12,9 gam cht rn khan. Phn trm s mol ca este c gc axit
nh hn trong X l
A. 60%
B. 33,33%
C. 66,67%
D. 50%
Cu 18: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X): a. Cho X vo bnh cha
mt lng d kh O3 iu kin thng; b. Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HNO3 c; c. Cho X
vo dung dch HCl d (khng c mt oxi); d. Cho X vo lng d dung dch FeCl3. Th nghim m Cu
b oxi ha cn Ag khng b oxi ha l:
A. d
B. a
C. b
D. c
Cu 19: t chy hon ton 0,25 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit X thu c 0,3 mol CO2. Mt khc,
nu cho 0,25 mol X tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, thu c 0,9 mol Ag. Cng thc cu
to thu gn ca hai anehit trong X l
Trang 31/305

A. HCHO v OHC-CHO
B. CH3CHO v OHC-CHO
C. HCHO v OHC-CH2-CHO
D. HCHO v CH3-CHO
Cu 20: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol oligopeptit X mch h thu c 2 mol Gly, 1 mol Ala, 1 mol Val,
1 mol Tyr. Mt khc, nu thy phn khng hon ton th thu c sn phm c cha Gly-Val v ValGly. S cng thc cu to ph hp ca X l
A. 4
B. 5
C. 2
D. 6
Cu 21: Trong qu trnh iu ch Clo trong phng th nghim ming ng nghim thu kh Clo thng
c ming bng tm dung dch no di y ?
A. Dung dch AgNO3
B. Dung dch NaOH
C. Dung dch qu tm
D. Dung dch KI + h tinh bt
Cu 22: Mt bnh kn c khi lng 40,5 gam cha hirocacbon X. cng iu kin trn, nu bnh
cha C4H10 th cn nng 48,5 gam, cn nu bnh cha CH4 th cn nng 38 gam. Cng thc ca X l:
A. C2H2
B. C2H4
C. C2H6
D. C3H8
Cu 23: Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: H2 (k) + I2 (r) 2HI (k); H > 0. Yu t lm chuyn dch
cn bng sang chiu thun l
A. tng th tch ca bnh phn ng
B. tng nhit
C. gim nng H2 hoc I2
D. cho thm cht xc tc
Cu 24: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N, mch h tc dng c vi dung dch
NaOH to thnh kh mi khai. S cht X ph hp vi tnh cht trn l:
A. 6
B. 5
C. 7
D. 4
Cu 25: Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t nguyn t X l 58. S ht mang in trong nguyn t
nguyn t Y nhiu hn trong X l 8. V tr ca X v Y trong bng tun hon ln lt l
A. chu k 4, nhm IA v chu k 4 nhm VB
B. chu k 3, nhm IIA v chu k 4 nhm VIIA
C. chu k 3, nhm IIA v chu k 4 nhm VB
D. chu k 4, nhm IA v chu k 4 nhm VIIIA
Cu 26: Nung nng hn hp bt X gm a mol Fe v b mol S trong kh tr, hiu sut phn ng bng
50% thu c hn hp rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,2. T l a:b bng:
A. 5:1
B. 1:5
C. 2:5
D. 5:32
Cu 27: Thit b ny dng tch nhng cht no khi hn hp ca n vi nc.
A. Tch axit axetic
B. Tch benzen
C. Tch ancol etylic
D. Tch metylamin

Cu 28: Hai nguyn t X, Y cng mt chu k trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, X thuc
nhm IIA, Y thuc nhm IIIA (ZX + ZY = 51). Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Kim loi X khng kh c ion Cu2+ trong dung dch.
B. Trong nguyn t nguyn t X c 25 proton
C. nhit thng X khng kh c nc
D. Hp cht ca X c dng X2O7
Trang 32/305

Cu 29: Cho 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo 250 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 x M c 42,75 gam kt
ta. Thm tip 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo hn hp phn ng th lng kt ta thu c l
94,2375 gam. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,25M
B. 0,43M
C. 0,3M
D. 0,45M
Cu 30: Cho hn hp cha 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO 3 x M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 3 mui. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,5M
B. 4,5M
C. 5,0M
D. 3,5M
Cu 31: t chy ht m gam cacbon trong V lt khng kh (cha 80% N2, cn li O2) va , thu c
hn hp kh X. Cho X i qua ng CuO d, un nng, kt thc phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn
kh Y li chm qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thy c 0,4 mol kt ta xut hin v 1,2 mol kh
khng b hp th. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l (cc kh c o ktc, cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton).
A. 2,4 gam v 16,8 lt
B. 2,4 gam v 33,6 lt
C. 4,8 gam v 33,6 lt
D. 4,8 gam v 16,8 lt
Cu 32: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp X gm mt axit hu c A v mt este B (B hn A mt
nguyn t cacbon trong phn t) thu c 0,2 mol CO2. Vy khi cho 0,2 mol X tc dng hon ton vi
AgNO3/NH3 d th khi lng bc thu c l
A. 16,2 gam
B. 21,6 gam
C. 43,2 gam
D. 32,4 gam
Cu 33: Trn mt th tch H2 vi mt th tch anken X thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 l 11.
Cho Y vo bnh kn c cha sn mt t bt Ni th tch khng ng k. Nung bnh mt thi gian ri a
v nhit ban u th thu c hn hp Z c t khi so vi H2 l 55/3. Phn trm khi lng ca
ankan trong Z l
A. 66,67%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 80%
Cu 34: Cho 0,01 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 2,19
gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l
A. (H2N)2C5H9COOH
B. H2NC5H9(COOH)2
C. (H2N)2C2H4(COOH)2
D. (H2N)2C4H7COOH
Cu 35: Nung m gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe3O4 trong bnh kn khng c khng kh n khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn (1) cho tc
dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 0,11 mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Phn (2) cho tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 0,03 mol H2. Gi tr m l:
A. 19,59 gam
B. 19,32 gam
C. 9,93 gam
D. 9,66 gam
Cu 36: S lin kt n c trong axit cacboxylic CnH2nO2 l
A. 2n + 2
B. 3n 4
C. 2n
D. 3n + 1
Cu 37: Mt hn hp X ( ktc) gm khng kh v imetylamin vi t l th tch tng ng l 30:1
ng trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i, p sut trong bnh l p1 atm. Nung nng t chy
hon ton amin ri a bnh v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh l p2 atm. Bit khng kh c 80%
N2 v 20% O2 v th tch, t l p1/p2 c gi tr l:
A. 1,078
B. 0,961
C. 0,907
D. 1,06
Cu 38: Cho cc hp kim Zn Fe; Fe C; Fe Cu; Fe Ag cng c nhng trong dung dch cht
in li. Hp kim m Fe b n mn chm nht l
A. Zn Fe
B. Fe C
C. Fe Cu
D. Fe Ag
Trang 33/305

Cu 39: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol thu c 7,84 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 10,8
gam H2O. Nu cho m gam X tc dng ht vi 10,35 gam Na thu c cht rn c khi lng nng hn
10 gam so vi X. Hai ancol trong X l
A. metanol v etanol
B. etanol v propan-1,2,3-triol
C. metanol v etaniol
D. metanol v propan-1,3-iol
Cu 40: Dy cc cht khi tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d u to ra kt ta l
A. Fructoz, anehit axetic, mantoz, xenluloz
B. Glucoz, metyl fomat, saccaroz, anehit axetic
C. ivinyl, glucoz, metyl fomat, tinh bt
D. Vinylaxetilen, glucoz, metyl fomiat, axit fomic
Cu 41: Axit cacboxylic X 2 chc (c % khi lng O nh hn 70%), Y v Z l 2 ancol ng ng k
tip (MY < MZ). t chy hon ton 0,2mol hn hp gm X, Y v Z cn va 8,96 lit O2 (ktc) thu
c 7,84 lit CO2 v 8,1 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp trn l:
A. 15,9%
B. 29,9%
C. 29,6%
D. 12,6%
Cu 42: Cho 4,41 gam K2Cr2O7 vo dung dch HCl c, d. Th thch kh thot ra ( ktc) sau khi kt
thc phn ng l
A. 1,008 lt
B. 0,336 lt
C. 1,344 lt
D. 0,672 lt
2+
2Cu 43: Dung dch X c cha 0,04mol Mg ; x mol SO4 ; 0,10mol Cl v 0,03mol NH4+. Cho 600ml
dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo X n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc kt ta, thu c dung
dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,190
B. 13,705
C. 7,875
D. 11,255
Cu 44: Cho lung kh H2 d qua hh cc oxit: CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn
ng thu c hh cc cht rn gm:
A. Cu, Fe, MgO, ZnO
B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg
C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO
D. Cu, FeO, MgO, ZnO
Cu 45: Trong phn t amilopectin cc mt xch glucoz lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt
A. -1,6-glicozit v -1,6-glicozit
B. -1,4-glicozit v -1,6-glicozit
C. -1,4-glicozit v -1,4-glicozit
D. -1,4-glicozit v -1,6-glicozit
Cu 46: Chia hn hp gm hai ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thnh hai phn bng
nhau. Phn (1) em t chy hon ton thu c 29,12 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 32,4 gam H2O. Cho phn
(2) qua ng ng CuO d, nung nng thu c sn phm X. Cho ton b X li qua dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 43,2 gam kt ta. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Hai ancol trong hn hp
l:
A. metanol v etanol
B. etanol v propan-1-ol
C. etanol v propan-2-ol
D. propan-1-ol v butan-2-ol
Cu 47: Khng nh no sau y khng ng:
A. Dung dch natri phenolat lm qu tm ha xanh, phenylamoni clorua lm qu tm ha
B. Trng ngng cc amino axit u thu c polipeptit
C. Phn ng cng H2 (xc tc Ni, to) vo hirocacbon khng no l phn ng oxi ha kh
D. ng saccaroz ha tan c Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim to thnh dung dch c mu
xanh lam
Cu 48: Thy phn hon ton 31,275 gam PCl5 trong nc thu c dung dch X cha cc axit. Th
tch dung dch NaOH 2M trung ha dung dch X l
Trang 34/305

A. 0,6 lt
B. 1,2 lt
C. 0,75 lt
D. 0,8 lt
Cu 49: Cho 4,8 gam bt Cu2S vo 120 ml dung dch NaNO3 1M, sau thm 200ml dung dch HCl
1M vo, kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 67,2 lt
B. 22,4 lt
C. 2,24 lt
D. 6,72 lt
Cu 50: Cho t t CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2. Lng kt ta thu CaCO3 thu c theo s
mol ca CO2 c biu th bng cc th di y:

(1)
th biu din ng l:
A. (1)

(2)
B. (2)

(3)
C. (3)

D. Kt qu khc

Trang 35/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 7
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: t chy hon ton 7,5 gam cht hu c X bng mt lng kh oxi va , sau dn sn
phm chy ln lt i qua bnh (1) ng P2O5, bnh (2) ng nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh
(1) tng 4,5 gam, bnh (2) c 20 gam kt ta, cn li l 1,12 lt (ktc) kh nit. Cng thc phn t ca
X l
A. C2H5O2N.
B. CH3O2N.
C. C2H5ON.
D. CH3ON.
Cu 2: Trong bnh kn cha hn hp X gm m gam cht hu c X (phn t ch cha C, H, O) v 8,96
lt kh oxi. Bt tia la in t chy hon ton X sau dn ton b hn hp sau khi t qua bnh
(1) ng H2SO4 c, bnh (2) ng KOH rn, thy th tch kh i ra khi bnh (1) gim 6,72 lt, i qua
bnh (2) li gim thm 4,48 lt. Kh cn li c th tch l 2,24 lt. (Cc th tch kh o ktc). Tm gi
tr ca m l
A. 4,6.
B. 1,6.
C. 3,2.
D. 9,6.
+
2+
Cu 3: Mt cc nc c cha ng thi 0,01mol Na , 0,01mol Mg , 0,02 mol Ca2+ , 0,02 mol Cl - v
0,05 mol HCO3 -. Nc trong cc l:
A. Nc cng tm thi
B. Nc mm
C. Nc cng ton phn
D. Nc cng vnh cu
Cu 4: Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol; (b) Cht
bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c; (c) Phn ng
thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch; (d) Tristearin, triolein c CT ln
lt l (C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5; (e) Triolein c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng
hiro khi un nng c xc tc Ni; (f) Cht bo b thy phn khi un nng trong dd kim.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 4
D. 6
Cu 5: Cho t t dung dch cha 0,03 mol HCl vo dung dch cha m gam hn hp X gm K2CO3,
NaHCO3 th thy c 0,012 mol kh CO2 thot ra. Cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 d vo 0,05m gam hn hp
X trn thy c 0,17 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,914 gam.
B. 3,828 gam.
C. 3,508 gam.
D. 1,754 gam.
Cu 6: Lin kt ha hc trong phn t HCl l lin kt:
A. cng ha tr khng cc
B. hidro
C. cng ha tr phn cc
D. ion
Cu 7: Cho 100ml dung dch cha NaOH 0,1M, KOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M vo 100ml dung dch
AlCl3 xM th thu c 0,936 gam kt ta. Nu cho 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,12M vo 100 ml dung
dch AlCl3 xM th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m v x ln lt l (bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton)
Trang 36/305

A. 0,624 v 0,16.
B. 0,936 v 0,24.
C. 0,624 v 0,14.
D. 0,78 v 0,14.
Cu 8: Cho hn hp gm m gam bt Cu v 2,784 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 long d thy tan
hon ton thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi 90 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,05M.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,336.
B. 0,512.
C. 0,256.
D. 0,32.
Cu 9: Hp th ht V lt kh CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,42 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c a gam kt ta. Tch
ly kt ta, sau thm tip 0,6V lt kh CO2 na, thu thm 0,2a gam kt ta. Th tch cc kh o
ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 7,84.
B. 5,60.
C. 6,72.
D. 8,40.
Cu 10: ng dng khng ng ca crom l:
A. iu kin thng, crom to c lp mng oxit mn, bn chc nn c dng m bo v
thp.
B. Crom l kim loi rt cng c th dng ct thy tinh.
C. Crom l kim loi nh, nn c s dng to cc hp kim dng trong ngnh hng khng.
D. Crom lm hp kim cng v chu nhit, nn dng to thp cng, khng g, chu nhit.
Cu 11: Hn hp A gm 2 cht X v Y l ng phn cu to ca nhau v u tc dng c vi dung
dch NaOH. T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh bng 3,0345. Cho 8,8 gam hn hp A tc dng vi
lng va NaOH thu c 10,3 gam hn hp mui ca 2 axit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
Cng thc cu to ca 2 mui l:
A. C2H5COONa v CH3COONa.
B. C2H5COONa v C3H7COONa
C. HCOONa v C3H7COONa.
D. HCOONa v CH3COONa.
Cu 12: Cho cc cht sau: butaien, toluen, etilen, xiclopropan, stiren, vinylaxetilen, propilen, benzen.
S cht lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 nhit thng l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
o
Cu 13: ha tan mt mu km trong dung dch HCl 20 C cn 27 pht, nu 40oC th ht 3 pht,
cn nu 45oC th cn bao nhiu thi gian:
A. 103,92 giy.
B. 60,00 giy.
C. 44,36 giy.
D. 34,64 giy.
Cu 14: Nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l:
A. oxi ha ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi
B. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht oxi ha
C. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht kh
D. kh ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi
Cu 15: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip c axeton l
A. C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH.
B. C2H5OH, CH3CH=CHBr, C6H5CH(CH3)2.
C. C6H5CH(CH3)2, CH3CH2CH2OH, HCOOCH3.
D. CH3CHOHCH3, C6H5CH(CH3)2, CH2=CBr-CH3.
Cu 16: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) Trong dung dch, tng nng cc ion dng bng nng cc ion m.
(2) Cc cht: NaCl, HBr v NaOH u l cc cht in ly mnh.
(3) Trong 3 dung dch cng pH l HCOOH, HCl v H2SO4, dung dch c nng ln nht l HCOOH.
(4) Phn ng axit-baz xy ra theo chiu to ra cht c tnh axit v baz yu hn.
(5) Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch khng km theo s thay i s oxi ha.
Trang 37/305

S pht biu ng l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 17: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol AgNO3 v 0,25 mol Cu(NO3)2, sau mt thi gian
thu c 19,44 gam kt ta v dung dch X cha 2 mui. Tch ly kt ta, thm tip 8,4 gam bt st
vo dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng hon ton thu c 9,36 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,8 gam.
B. 4,32 gam.
C. 4,64 gam.
D. 5,28 gam.
Cu 18: Pht biu no sau y l sai:
A. St trng thic b sy st ti lp st bn trong khi t trong khng kh m th thic b n
mn.
B. Ch c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
C. Km c ng dng bo v v tu bin bng thp.
D. Bc l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
Cu 19: Khi b kin, ong t th ly vi bi vo ch b t gim nga l v:
A. Vi tc dng vi cht gy nga HCOOH c trong nc ca chng.
B. Vi lm mt ch b t, nn khng b nga.
C. Vi c tc dng dit khun.
D. Mt nguyn nhn khc.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm 2 este ng phn ca nhau, t khi hi ca hn hp so vi khng kh bng
2,552. Cho 11,1 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 11,6 gam hn hp mui. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca cc este trong hn hp X:
A. 66,67% v 33,33%.
B. 50% v 50%.
C. 40% v 60%.
D. 70% v 30%.
Cu 21: Pht biu no sau y l ng:
A. PVA bn trong mi trng kim khi un nng
B. T olon c sn xut t polime trng ngng.
C. T nilon-6 c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng ngng hexametylen iamin vi axit
aipic.
D. ng trng hp buta-1,3-ien vi acrylonitrin c cao su buna-N.
Cu 22: Cho cc cht sau: CH3COOCH2CH2Cl, ClH3N-CH2COOH, C6H5Cl, HCOOC6H5,
C6H5COOCH3, HO-C6H4-CH2OH, CH3CCl3, CH3COOCCl2-CH3. C bao nhiu cht khi tc dng vi
NaOH c d, nhit v p sut cao cho sn phm c 2 mui:
A. 7.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm hidro, propin, axit propinoic, propinol. t chy hon ton 0,75mol X thu
c 30,24 lit CO2 (ktc). un nng X vi Ni mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca Y so vi
X bng 1,25. Cho 0,1mol Y phn ng va vi V lit dung dch Br2 0,1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,80
B. 0,75
C. 1,00
D. 1,25
Cu 24: Cho cc phn ng:
a) Propin + H2 (xc tc Ni, to)
b) metyl axetilen + Br2 (CCl4 -200C)
c) axetilen + H2 (xc tc Pd/PbCO3)
d) propilen + dung dch AgNO3/NH3
e) butaien + Br2 (CCl4 -400C)
g) isobutilen + HCl
+ o
h) etilen + H2O (xc tc H , t )
i) anlyl clorua + dung dch NaOH
k) glixerol + Cu(OH)2/NaOH
S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
Trang 38/305

A. 7.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 25: Cho kh H2S tc dng vi cc cht: dung dch NaOH, kh clo, nc clo, dung dch
KMnO4/H+, kh oxi d un nng, dung dch FeCl3, dung dch ZnCl2, Pb(NO3)2, KClO3. S trng hp
xy ra phn ng v s trng hp trong lu hunh b oxi ha ln mc cao nht l:
A. 9 v 3.
B. 8 v 2.
C. 8 v 1.
D. 6 v 1.
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm axetilen, etilen v hirocacbon Y chy hon ton thu c CO 2 v H2O theo
t l mol 1:1. Dn X i qua bnh ng dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh tng ln 0,82 gam, kh
thot ra khi bnh em t chy hon ton thu c 1,32 gam CO2 v 0,72 gam H2O. Phn trm v th
tch ca Y trong X l
A. 75%.
B. 50%.
C. 33,33%.
D. 25%.
Cu 27: Cho 17,9 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 200 gam dung dch H2SO4 24,01%.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 9,6 gam cht rn v c 5,6 lt kh (ktc) thot ra.
Thm tip vo bnh 10,2 gam NaNO3, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO (ktc), sn phm
kh duy nht) to thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l
A. 2,24 lt v 59,18 gam.
B. 2,688 lt v 59,18 gam.
C. 2,688 lt v 67,7 gam.
D. 2,24 lt v 56,3 gam.
Cu 28: Nguyn t X c electron cui cng in vo lp M, trng thi c bn c 3 electron c thn.
iu nhn nh no sau y ng:
A. X chu k 4, nhm VIIB.
B. X chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
C. X chu k 3, nhm VA.
D. X chu k 4, nhm IIIB.
Cu 29: Xt cn bng ho hc ca cc phn ng sau: 1. H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI(k); 2. 2SO2(k) + O2(k)
2SO3 (k); 3. CaCO3 (r) CaO (r) + CO2 (k); 4. Fe2O3(r) + 3CO(k) 2Fe (r) + 3CO2 (k); 5. N2 (k)
+ O2 (k) 2NO (k). Khi tng p sut cc phn ng cc cn bng ha hc khng b dch chuyn l:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 4, 5
C. 1, 3, 4
D. 2, 3, 5
Cu 30: C bao nhiu ng phn amin ng vi cng thc C4H11N tha mn iu kin khi tc dng vi
dung dch HNO2 thu c kh N2:
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 7.
Cu 31: Thm 0,08 mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol CrCl2, ri trong khng kh n khi
phn ng hon ton th khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 1,03 gam
B. 1,72 gam.
C. 0,86 gam.
D. 2,06 gam.
Cu 32: C cc pht biu sau:
(1) ng c th tan trong dung dch HCl c mt oxi.
(2) Mui Na2CO3 d b nhit phn hu.
(3) Hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 c s mol bng nhau s tan ht c trong dung dch HCl d.
(4) Kim loi Na, K, Ba u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
(5) Khi pin in ha Zn Cu phng in, th tng v gim khi lng ca 2 in cc lun bng
nhau.
S cu pht biu ng l:
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 33: Cho cc dung dch cng c nng 1M sau: NaAlO2, C6H5NH3Cl, C2H5NH2, FeCl3,
C6H5ONa, CH3COOH. Ln lt trn ln tng cp dung dch vi nhau, s trng hp c phn ng xy
ra l:
A. 8.
B. 10.
C. 9.
D. 7.
Trang 39/305

Cu 34: in phn dung dch hn hp gm 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl (in cc
tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt kh (ktc). Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh in
phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 5,6.
C. 11,2.
D. 22,4.
Cu 35: Cng thc ho hc ca amophot, mt loi phn bn phc hp l
A. (NH4)2HPO4 v Ca(H2PO4)2.
B. NH4H2PO4 v Ca(H2PO4)2.
C. Ca(H2PO4)2.
D. NH4H2PO4 v (NH4)2HPO4.
Cu 36: Cho th nghim nh hnh v. Khi cho Na2CO3 d, hin tng xy ra trong ng nghim l
A. C kt ta keo trng, bt kh bay ra
B. Khng c hin tng g
C. Kt ta keo trng
D. C bt kh bay ra, kt ta vng

Cu 37: Cho 2,16 gam hn hp Mg v Fe (vi nMg : nFe = 2 : 3) tc dng hon ton vi 280 ml dung
dch AgNO3 0,5M c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,8 gam.
B. 14,04 gam.
C. 4,32 gam.
D. 15,12 gam.
Cu 38: Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M t nht cn dng ha tan hon ton 1,68 gam Fe l (bit NO
l sn phm kh duy nht)
A. 80 ml.
B. 120 ml.
C. 40 ml.
D. 100 ml.
Cu 39: Caroten l sc t mu vng trong c c rt c cng thc phn t C40H56. Hiro ho hon ton
caroten thu c hirocacbon C40H78. S lin kt trong phn t caroten l
A. 13.

B. 10.

C. 12.

D. 11.

Cu 40: Dy cht u th hin tnh oxi ha khi phn ng vi SO2 l


A. Magie, hiro sunfua, cacbon.
B. Oxi, nc brom, dung dch thuc tm.
C. Magie, clo, hiro sunfua.
D. Bari hiroxit, natri oxit, oxi.
Cu 41. Nhn xt no sau y ng:
A. Nhm kim loi khng tc dng vi nc do th in cc chun ca nhm ln hn th in
cc chun ca nc.
B. Trong phn ng ca nhm vi dung dch NaOH th NaOH l cht oxi ha.
C. Do c tnh kh mnh nn Al tc dng vi cc axit HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 trong mi iu kin
D. Cc vt dng bng nhm khng b oxi ha v khng tan trong nc do c lp mng oxit bo
v
Cu 42: R l nguyn t m nguyn t c phn lp electron ngoi cng l np 2n+1 (n l s th t ca lp
electron). Trong s cc nhn xt sau y v R:
1. Tng s ht mang in ca nguyn t R l 18.
2. S electron c thn trong nguyn t R l 3.
3. Oxit cao nht to ra t R l R2O7.
4. NaR tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 to kt ta.
5. Hp cht kh vi hiro ca R trong dung dch nc c tnh axit mnh
S nhn xt ng l:
A. 3.
B. 1.
C. 2.

D. 4.
Trang 40/305

Cu 43: Cho 3 th nghim:


- Th nghim 1: Cho t t dung dch HCl ti d vo dung dch Na[Al(OH)4]
- Th nghim 2: Cho dung dch NaOH t t ti d vo dung dch AlCl3.
- Th nghim 3: Cho dung dch NH3 t t ti d vo dung dch AlCl3.
Lng kt ta thu c trong cc th nghim c biu th theo cc th di y:

th A
th B
th C
Kt qu ca th nghim 1, 2 v 3 c biu din bng cc th theo trt tng ng:
A. th A, th B, th C
B. th B, th C, th A
C. th C, th B, th A
D. th A, th C, th B
Cu 44: Cho cc cht sau: Cu, FeS2, Na2SO3, Al4C3, K2S, S, NaCl, Cu2O, KBr, Fe3O4, Fe(OH)2, tc
dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l
A. 7.
B. 10.
C. 8.
D. 9.
Cu 45: Cho cc th nghim sau:
(1). un nng nc cng ton phn.
(2). Cho phn chua vo dung dch BaCl2.
(3). Kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.
(4). Kh H2S vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2.
(5). Kh CO2 d vo dung dch NaAlO2.
(6). Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch C6H5ONa.
(7). Cho kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4. (8). Kh NH3 d v dung dch FeCl2.
(9). un nng nc cng tm thi.
(10). Cho dung dch AlCl3 v dung dch NaAlO2.
S th nghim thu c kt ta l:
A. 8.
B. 9.
C. 10.
D. 7.
Cu 46: Thu phn triglixerit X trong NaOH thu c hn hp hai mui natrioleat v natristearat theo
t l mol l 1 : 2. Khi t chy a mol X thu c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O. Mi lin h gia a, b, c l
A. b = c a
B. b c = 4a
C. b c = 2a.
D. b c = 3a
Cu 47: Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch FeCl3 l:
A. Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Mg.
B. Cu, Ag, Au, Mg, Fe.
C. Au, Cu, Al, Mg, Zn.
D. Fe, Mg, Cu, Ag, Al.
Cu 48: Trong cc cp cht cho di y, cp cht no c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch:
A. NaHSO4 v NaHCO3.
B. NH3 v AgNO3.
C. Na2ZnO2 v HCl.
D. BaCl2 v NaHCO3.
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm mt anehit, mch h v mt hirocacbon mch h c s mol bng nhau.
t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X thu c 0,6 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol nc. Nu cho 0,5 mol hn
hp X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 168 gam.
B. 114 gam.
C. 108 gam.
D. 162 gam.

Trang 41/305

Cu 50: X l mt -amino axit no, mch h, cha 1 nhm -COOH v 1 nhm -NH2. T m gam X iu
ch c m1 gam ipeptit. T 2m gam X iu ch c m2 gam tripeptit. t chy m1 gam ipeptit thu
c 0,045 mol nc. t chy m2 gam tripeptit thu c 0,085 mol H2O. Tm m:
A. 1,545
B. 1,755
C. 1,12.
D. 1,335

Trang 42/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 8
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Cht no sau y c dng lm keo dn
A. Nha novolac.
B. Nha rezol.
C. Nha rezit.
D. Polietilen.
Cu 2: Hn hp X gm CuSO4, FeSO4, Fe2(SO4)3 c cha 21,92% S v khi lng. Ly 200 gam hn
hp X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, lc ly kt ta em nung trong khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c 93,6 gam cht rn. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca FeSO4 trong hn hp
X l:
A. 41,8%
B. 34,2%
C. 19%
D. 30,4%
Cu 3: bo v thn tu ngi ta thng gn tm km vo v tu bi v:
A. To ra cp pin volta m km l cc m nn b n mn cn v tu c bo v.
B. Km ngn cn khng cho v tu tip xc vi dung dch nc bin.
C. Km tc dng vi g st ti to ra Fe.
D. Nguyn nhn khc.
Cu 4: Nhn xt no sau y ng:
A. Dng dung dch nc brom phn bit c toluen v benzen.
B. Hp cht C9H14BrCl c vng benzen trong phn t.
C. Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen.
D. Anehit va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh.
Cu 5: Cho m gam Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha Fe(NO3)3 v HCl, sau phn ng thu c dung
dch X (cha 2 cht tan) v 20,16 lt (ktc) kh NO. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 86,4
B. 105,6
C. 96,0
D. 172,8
Cu 6: Cho a gam hn hp X gm Al v Cr (t l mol 1 : 1) vo dung dch NaOH long d thy thot
ra V1 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cho a gam hn hp X gm Al v Cr vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng
d thu c V2 lt SO2 (ktc). So snh V1 vi V2:
A. V2 = 3V1
B. V2 = V1
C. V2 = 1,5V1
D. V2 = 2V1
Cu 7: Bo qun thc phm (tht, c...) bng cch no sau y c coi l an ton:
A. Dng fomon, nc
B. Dng phn m, nc
C. Dng nc hay p mui ri sy kh
D. Dng nc kh, fomon
Cu 8: Cho dung dch Ba(NO3)2 vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 thu c dung dch X v kt ta mu vng.
Hy cho bit, nhng qu tm vo dung dch X, hin tng g sau y xy ra?
A. qu tm chuyn mu xanh
B. qu tm chuyn mu
C. qu tm khng chuyn mu
D. qu tm b mt mu
Trang 43/305

Cu 9: Cho cc th nghim:
(a) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO4
(b) Cho Cu vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3
(c) Cho Sn vo dung dch CuSO4
(d) Cho Sn v dung dch FeSO4
Trong cc th nghim trn, nhng th nghim c phn ng xy ra l:
A. (b) v (c)
B. (b) v (d)
C. (a) v (c)
D. (a) v (b)
Cu 10: S lin kt v lin kt c trong phn t axit linoleic C17H31COOH ln lt l:
A. 54 v 3
B. 51 v 3
C. 54 v 6
D. 54 v 6
Cu 11: Cho dy cc cht: FeS, CuS, Fe(NO3)2, CaCO3, Fe, CaC2. S cht trong dy tc dng vi
dung dch HCl long to ra kh l:
A. 5
B. 6
C. 4
D. 2
Cu 12: Cho 2,3-dimetylpentan tc dng vi kh Cl2 theo t l s mol 1:1 trong iu kin c chiu
sng. S sn phm monoclo ti a thu c l:
A. 6
B. 4
C. 2
D. 5
Cu 13: Dy gm cc dung dch u lm chuyn mu phenolphtalein l:
A. phenol, anilin, axit glutamic
B. axit acrylic, phenylamoni clorua, glyxin
C. axit aipic, hexametyleniamin, anilin D. natri axetat, imetylamin, lysin
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm glixerol, anehit fomic v axit axetic. t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp
X bng O2 d ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng
bnh tng thm 16,4 gam. Khi lng glixerol c trong 7,6 gam X l:
A. 2,30 gam
B. 3,22 gam
C. 4,60 gam
D. 1,84 gam
Cu 15: Cho cc pht biu:
(a) Nit hot ng ha hc mnh hn photpho iu kin thng
(b) Nit th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi H2, Mg, O2
(c) Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l Ca3(PO4)2
(d) Photpho trng c bo qun bng cch ngm trong nc
(e) Photpho va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh
Trong s cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 16: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h cn va
1,5V lit kh O2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v a mol H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
A. m = 18a -

V
5,6

B. m = 18a -

V
11,2

C. m =18a -

V
22,4

D. m =18a +

V
11,2

Cu 17: Cho cc pht biu sau:


(a) Hidro ha hon ton glucoz to ra axit gluconic
(b) Fructoz c th tham gia phn ng trng bc
(c) Xenluloz triaxetat l nguyn liu sn xut t nhn to
(d) Amiloz trong tinh bt ch cha cc lin kt -1,4-glicozit
(e) Saccaroz b ha en khi tip xc vi H2SO4 c
(f) Glucoz c dng pha ch thuc trong y hc
Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l:
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5

D. 4

Trang 44/305

Cu 18: Ion M2+ c tng s ht c bn l 80. Trong ht nhn ca M2+, s ht khng mang in nhiu
hn s ht mang in l 4. V tr ca M trong bng tun hon l:
A. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
B. Chu k 4, nhm IIB
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIA
Cu 19: Mt loi phn bn supephotphat kp c cha a % Ca(H2PO4)2 cn li l cc cht khng cha
P. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l 40%. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 56,45%
B. 65,92%
C. 62,25%
D. 57,75%
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 6,1 gam hn hp X gm M, MO v M(OH)2 (M l kim loi c ha tr
khng i) trong 84 gam dung dch H2SO4 17,5% (long) thu c 1,12 lit kh (ktc) v dung dch Y
ch cha 1 cht tan duy nht c nng 20%. Kim loi M l:
A. Mg
B. Be
C. Zn
D. Ni
Cu 21: Hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. t chy hon ton 5,2 gam X cn 7,2 gam O 2.
Cho 5,2 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d to thnh 6,85 gam mui. Cng thc ca 2 axit l:
A. CH3COOH v CH2 = CHCOOH
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH
C. CH2 = CHCOOH v CH2 = C(CH3)COOH
D. HCOOH v C2H5COOH
Cu 22: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hidro (xc tc Ni, un nng) l
A. glucoz, axetanehit, isopentan
B. triolein, toluen, isopren
C. butadien, glixerol, axit acrylic
D. axit stearic, stiren, fomandehit
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm 2 este ng phn. t chy hon ton m gam X cn dng 11,76 lit O 2 (ktc)
thu c 19,8 gam CO2 v 8,1 gam H2O. Cho m gam X tc dng ht vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 1M,
c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam cht rn v hn hp ancol Y. t chy hon ton
Y cn dng va V lit O2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 6,72
B. 3,36
C. 5,60
D. 4.48
Cu 24: Thc hin phn ng: 2NO2 (k) N2O4 (k) trong bnh kn. Ngm bnh vo nc thy mu
nu nht dn. Cc yu t tc ng vo h cn bng trn u lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu
nghch l:
A. Tng nhit v tng p sut
B. Gim nhit v gim p sut
C. Tng nhit v thm xc tc
D. Tng nhit v gim p sut
Cu 25: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(a) Nung qung photphorit vi ct v than cc trong l in
(b) Cho hi nc i qua than nng
(c) Cho kh CO d tc dng vi bt Fe2O3 un nng
(d) un nng dung dch gm NaNO2 v NH4Cl
S th nghim thu c sn phm n cht l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 1
Cu 26: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,5M tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M nhn thy s mol kt
ta ph thuc vo th tch dung dch NaOH theo th sau. Gi tr ca b l:
A. 360ml
B. 340 ml
C. 350ml
D. 320ml

Trang 45/305

Cu 27: Th nghim vi dung dch HNO3 thng sinh ra kh c NO2. hn ch kh NO2 thot ra t
ng nghim, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng:
a. bng kh
b. bng c tm nc
c. bng c tm nc vi
d. bng c tm gim n
Trong 4 bin php trn, bin php hiu qu nht l:
A. b
B. d
C. c
D. a
Cu 28: Ha tan hon ton hn hp X cha Fe3O4 v FeS2 trong 63g dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,568
lt NO2 duy nht (ktc). Dung dch thu c tc dng va vi 200 ml dd NaOH 2M, lc kt ta ri
em nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 9,76g cht rn. Nng % ca dung dch HNO 3 ban
u l:
A. 47,2%
B. 42,6%
C. 46,2%
D. 46,6%
Cu 29: t chy hon ton 7,6 g hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v mt
ancol n chc (c s nguyn t C trong phn t khc nhau) thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 0,4 mol H2O.
Thc hin phn ng este ha 7,6 g hn hp trn hiu sut 80% thu c m g este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,08
B. 6,12
C. 8,16
D. 2,04
Cu 30: ng vi cng thc C4H10O, c bao nhiu ng phn ancol bc II:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 31: Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol 1 peptit X (mch h, c to bi cc -amino axit c 1 nhm
NH2 v 1 nhm COOH) bng dung dch HCl va thu c dung dchs Y. C cn dung dch Y
c cht rn c khi lng ln hn khi lng ca X l 52,7g. S lin kt peptit trong X l
A. 9
B. 8
C. 7
D. 10
Cu 32: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol no, 2 chc mch h A v 1 ancol no n chc mch h B (cc nhm
chc u bc 1) c t l mol nA : nB = 3: 1. Cho m g hn hp X tc dng vi natri d, thu c 7,84 lit
H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cho m g hn hp X tc dng vi CuO d un nng, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu
c 35,8g hn hp anehit v hi nc. t chy ht m g hn hp X cn bao nhiu lit O2 (ktc):
A. 24,64 lit
B. 29,12 lit
C. 26,88 lit
D. 22,4 lit
Cu 33: T nilon 6,6 l sn phm trng ngng ca:
A. axit adipic v etylen glicol
B. axit adipic v hexametyleniamin
C. axit adipic v glixerol
Cu 34: Chn phn ng sai:

D. etylen glicol v hexametyleniamin

as
C6H6Cl6.
A. 3Cl2 + C6H6 (benzen)

xt,t
CH3COOH.
B. CH3OH + CO
o

PdCl2 ,CuCl2
C. 2CH2=CH2 + O2

2CH3CHO

1500 c
C2H4 + 2H2
D. 2CH4
o

Trang 46/305

Cu 35: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H4, C3H6, C4H8O2, C3H6O sau cho ton b sn
phm chy vo bnh ng V ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,5M thy khi lng bnh tng 18,6 g, ng thi
khi lng dung dch gim 10,95 g. Gi tr ca V l
A. 100
B. 120
C. 150
D. 200
Cu 36: Cho m g hn hp A gm Al4C3 v CaC2 vo nc d thu c dung dch X; a gam kt ta Y
v hn hp kh Z. Lc b kt ta. t chy hon ton kh Z ri dn sn phm chy vo dung dch X
thu c thm a gam kt ta na. Hi hn hp X c Al4C3 v CaC2 c trn vi t l mol th no:
A. 1:3
B. 1:1
C. 1:2
D. 2:1
Cu 37: Nung nng m g hn hp X gm Al v Fe2O3 ti phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn Y.
Nghin nh, trn u v chia Y lm 2 phn:
- Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH n d thu c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc) v cht rn Z. Ha tan
cht rn Z trong dung dch HCl d thu c 5,376 lit kh H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 20,16 lit kh H2 (ktc).
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 29,04 g
B. 87,12 g
C. 107,04 g
D. 26,76 g
Cu 38: Cho gi tr m in ca cc nguyn t: F (3,98); O (3,44); C (2,55); H (2,20); Na (0,93).
Hp cht no sau y l hp cht ion:
A. NaF
B. CO2
C. CH4
D. H2O
3+
2+
Cu 39: Mt dung dch cha 2 cation: 0,02mol Al ; 0,03mol Fe v 2 anion: x mol Cl- v y mol
SO42- . Khi c cn dung dch thu c 7,23 g cht rn khan, dung dch cha 2 mui l
A. Al2(SO4)3, FeCl2 B. Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3 C. AlCl3, FeSO4
D. AlCl3, Fe2(SO4)3
Cu 40: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) Flo ch th hin tnh oxi ha trong cc phn ng ha hc
(2) Axit flohidric l axit yu
(3) Dung dch NaF long c dng lm thuc chng su rng
(4) Cc halogen u c s oxi ha -1; +1; +3; +5; +7
(5) Tnh kh ca cc ion halogenua tng dn theo th t F-, Cl-, Br-, ITrong s cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Cu 41: Cho s chuyn ho sau: phenyl axetat X Y Z

natri picrat. X, Y, Z ln lt

l:
A. natri phenolat, phenol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
B. natri axetat, benzen, phenol
C. natri phenolat, phenyl clorua, phenol
D. natri axetat, axit axetic, glixeryl triaxetat
Cu 42: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch X. Trong cc
cht NaOH, Cu, Fe(NO3)2, KMnO4, BaCl2, Cl2 v Al c bao nhiu cht c kh nng phn ng vi
dung dch X:
A. 4
B. 6
C. 5
D. 7
Cu 43: Nhit phn hon ton 66,75g hn hp gm Fe(NO3)2 v NaNO3 trong bnh kn khng cha
khng kh thu c hn hp kh X v cht rn Y. Dn t t ton b X vo nc d th thy khng c

Trang 47/305

kh thot ra, thu c dung dch mt cht duy nht. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca cc cht
trong hn hp cht rn Y sau phn ng l:
A. 82,26% v 17,74%
B. 80,9% v 19,1%
C. 67,92% v 32,08%
D. 69,87% v 30,13%
Cu 44: Kim loi no di y thng c iu ch bng phng php nhit nhm:
A. Mg
B. Cr
C. Fe
D. Ag
Cu 45: Cho cc cht (hoc dung dch) glixerol; etylen glicol; lysin; anbumin; andehit axetic;
saccaroz; dm. S trng hp phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 46: Hn hp gm MgO, CaO, Mg, Ca. Ha tan 10,72 g X vo dung dch HCl va thu c
0,145mol kh v dung dch Y trong 0,13 mol MgCl2 v x gam CaCl2. Gi tr ca x l
A. 15,54 gam
B. 14,43 gam
C. 16,65 gam
D. 13,32 gam
Cu 47: Tin hnh th nghim so snh dn in ca cc kim loi Al, Fe, Cu theo hnh v:

Bit qu cu parafin ni vi thanh kim loi A ri u tin ri n B, cui cng l C. Cho bit A, B, C
ln lt l:
A. Cu, Al, Fe
B. Cu, Fe, Al
C. Al, Cu, Fe
D. Al, Fe, Cu
Cu 48: t chy hon ton m gam mt cht bo (triglixerit) cn 1,61 mol O2, sinh ra 1,14 mol CO2
v 1,06 mol H2O. Nu cho m gam cht bo ny tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH th khi lng
mui to thnh l:
A. 23,00 gam
B. 18,28 gam
C. 16,68 gam
D. 20,28 gam
Cu 49: Cho phng trnh phn ng: Fe(NO3)2 + KHSO4 Fe(NO3)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + NO +
H2O. Tng h s nguyn ti gin khi cn bng ca cc cht tham gia phn ng trong phng trnh trn
l:
A. 21
B. 27
C. 48
D. 43
Cu 50: Nhit phn hon ton 31,8 gam hn hp gm CaOCl2; Ca(OCl)2; Ca(ClO2)2 v Ca(ClO3)2 thu
c V lt O2 ktc v CaCl2. Cho CaCl2 tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 thu c 57,4 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,48lit
B. 6,72 lit
C. 8,96 lit
D. 7,84 lit

Trang 48/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 9
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Dung dch no di y c th dng nhn bit ba dung dch: NaCl, ZnCl2, AlCl3
A. Na2SO4.
B. NH3 .
C. HCl.
D. BaCl2.
Cu 2: C th dng phng php n gin no di y nhn bit nhanh nc c cng tm thi
v nc c cng vnh cu:
A. cho vo mt t Na2CO3.
B. cho vo mt t Na3PO4.
C. un nng.
D. cho vo mt t NaCl.
Cu 3: Cho hn hp gm 1,12g Fe v 1,92g Cu vo 400 ml hn hp dung dch cha H2SO4 0,5M v
NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh NO (sn phm kh
duy nht). Cho Vml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu c l ln nht. Gi
tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 360 ml.
B. 240 ml.
C. 120 ml.
D. 400 ml.
Cu 4: Thy phn hon ton 1 tetrapeptit X thu c 2 mol glyxin,1 mol alanin,1 mol valin. S ng
phn cu to ca peptit X l:
A. 10
B. 24
C. 18
D. 12
Cu 5: Hn hp X gm a mol Fe, b mol FeCO3 v c mol FeS2. Cho X vo bnh dung tch khng i
cha khng kh (d), nung n cc phn ng xy ra hon ton sau a v nhit u thy p sut
trong bnh bng p sut trc khi nung. uan h ca a, b, c l:
A. a = b + c
B. 4a + 4c = 3b
C. b = c + a
D. a + c = 2b
Cu 6: Cho hn hp X gm NaCl v NaBr tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th lng kt ta thu
c sau phn ng bng lng AgNO3 tham gia phn ng. Thnh phn phn trm khi lng NaCl
trong X l
A. 27,46%.
B. 13,44%.
C. 15,2%.
D. 24,5%.
Cu 7: Cho phn ng sau: FeO + H2SO4c Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O. H s cn bng ti gin ca
H2SO4 l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
Cu 8: Cho cc pht biu sau:
1. Thy phn hon ton mt este no, n chc, mch h lun thu c mui v ancol
2. Anhirit axetic tham gia phn ng este ha d hn axit axetic
3. Saccaroz khng tc dng vi H2 (Ni, t0)
4. phn bit glucoz v mantoz, ta dng nc brom
5. Tinh bt v xenluloz l ng phn ca nhau
6. phn bit anilin v ancol etylic, ta c th dng dung dch NaOH
7. Cc peptit u d b thy phn trong mi trng axit hoc kim
Trang 49/305

S pht biu ng l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
Cu 9: Sn xut amoniac trong cng nghip da trn phng trnh ha hc sau
N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k); H=-92 kJ
Cn bng ha hc s chuyn dch theo chiu thun nu:
A. gim p sut v tng nhit .
B. gim nng N2 v H2.
C. tng nhit ca h.
D. tng p sut chung ca h.
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 1,76g mt axit hu c X mch thng c 1,792 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v
1,44g H2O. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH3CH2 CH2COOH.
B. C2H5COOH.
C. CH3CH=CHCOOH.
D. HOOCCH2COOH.
Cu 11: Cht tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. vinyl clorua.
B. propan.
C. toluen.
D. etan.
Cu 12: Tng s ng phn cu to ca amin c cng thc C3H9N l:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 9.
Cu 13: C 3 mu hp kim: Fe-Al, K-Na, Cu-Mg. Dung dch c th dng phn bit ba mu hp kim
ny l:
A. NaOH.
B. HCl.
C. H2SO4 long.
D. MgCl2.
Cu 14: Chn cu ng trong cc cu di y:
A. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my c bn cht khc nhau
B. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my ging nhau hon ton.
C. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my ch ging nhau v tnh cht ha hc.
D. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my u l lipit.
Cu 15: Hu ht cc kim loi u c nh kim l do
A. kim loi hp th c cc tia sng ti.
B. cc kim loi u th rn.
C. cc electron t do trong kim loi c th phn x nhng tia sng trong thy c.
D. kim loi mu trng bc nn gi c cc tia sng trn b mt.
Cu 16: Khi trn nhng th tch bng nhau ca dung dch HNO3 0,01M v dd NaOH 0,03M th dung
dch thu c c pH bng:
A. 9.
B. 11.
C. 13.
D. 12.
Cu 17: Khng nh ng l:
A. Trong pin in ha v trong in phn catot l ni xy ra s kh, anot l ni xy ra s oxi
ha.
B. Nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l oxi ha ion kim loi thnh kim loi.
C. Khi hai kim loi tip xc vi nhau th kim loi yu hn s b n mn in ha.
D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy cc kim loi phn nhm IIA
gim dn.
Cu 18: Ha tan 0,72g bt Mg vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,15M v Fe(NO3)3 0,1M.
khuy u cho phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,52 gam.
B. 3,8 gam.
C. 1,12 gam.
D. 4,36 gam.
Cu 19: Trong y hc, hp cht no sau y ca natri c dng lm thuc tr bnh d dy
A. Na2SO4
B. NaHCO3
C. Na2CO3
D. NaI
Trang 50/305

Cu 20: phn bit: C6H5NH2, CH3NH2, CH3NH3Cl c th dng thuc th no di y


A. NaOH.
B. phenolphtalein.
C. qu tm.
D. dung dch NH3.
Cu 21: Cho 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M nhn thy s mol kt ta
ph thuc vo th tch dung dch NaOH theo th sau. S mol kt ta cc i l:
A. 0,25
B. 0,1
C. 0,125
D. 0,150

Cu 22: Cho 29,8g hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X v 30,4g hn hp kim loi. Phn trm v khi lng ca
Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 56,37%.
B. 64,42%.
C. 43,62%.
D. 37,58%.
Cu 23: Dy no sau y gm cc kim loi thng c sn xut bng phng php thy luyn
A. Fe, Cu, Pb, Mg
B. Pb, Fe, Ag, Cu
C. Cu, Ag, Zn, Au
D. Al, Fe, Pb, Hg
Cu 24: X phng ha hon ton 66,6g hn hp hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch
NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H2SO4 c 1400C sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,1 gam.
B. 18 gam.
C. 16,2 gam.
D. 4,05 gam.
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt ancol no n chc Y, mch h. Cho 2,76 tc dng vi
Na d thu c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc oxi ha hon ton 2,76g X bng CuO thu c hn hp
anehit. Cho ton b lng anehit ny tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 19,44g kt
ta. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. C2H5OH.
B. CH3CH2CH2OH. C. CH3CH(CH3)OH. D. C4H9OH.
Cu 26: Este X c iu ch t amino axit A v ancol etylic. 2,06g X ha hi hon ton chim th
tch bng th tch ca 0,56g N2 cng iu kin nhit p sut. X c cng thc cu to l
A. H2NCH2CH2COOC2H5.
B. H2NCH2COOC2H5.
C. CH3NHCOOC2H5.
D. CH3COONHC2H5.
Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton m gam Na vo nc thu c 1000 ml dung dch c pH=13. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 23 gam.
B. 0,23 gam.
C. 2,3 gam.
D. 230 gam.
Cu 28: Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si bng l 2025000 vC. S mt xch
trung bnh trong cng thc phn t ca si bng l:
A. 10802.
B. 12500.
C. 32450.
D. 16870.
Cu 29: Amino axit X c dng H2NRCOOH (R l gc hidrocacbon). Cho 0,1 mol X phn ng ht vi
dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch cha 11,15g mui. Tn gi ca X l
A. glyxin.
B. Valin.
C. alanin.
D. phenylamin.
Cu 30: S ng phn ca este c cng thc C4H8O2 l:
A. 2.
B. 8.
C. 6.
D. 4.
37
Cu 31: Trong t nhin, clo c 2 ng v bn Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l 35Cl.
Thnh phn % khi lng ca 37Cl trong HClO4 l (Cho H = 1; O = 16):
Trang 51/305

A. 8,43%
B. 8,79%
C. 8,92%
D. 8,56%
+
Cu 32: Cho s phn ng: tinh bt (H2O, H ) X (ln men ru) Y. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca Y l:
A. CH3COOH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. CH3COOC2H5.
D. HCOOH.
Cu 33: Cho hnh nh ca mt th nghim sau:

Hnh nh chng t:
A. P trng d bc chy hn P
B. P d bc chy hn P trng
C. P trng v P u b bc chy trong khng kh
D. P trng v P khng chy trong khng kh.
Cu 34: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp thu ht vo 100ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH 0,06M v
Ba(OH)2 0,12M. Thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,940 gam.
B. 1,182 gam.
C. 2,364 gam.
D. 1,97 gam.
Cu 35: M t no di y v tnh cht vt l ca nhm l khng ng:
A. mu trng bc.
B. l kim loi nh.
C. mm, d ko si v dt mng.
D. dn in v dn nhit tt hn cc kim loi Fe v Cu.
Cu 36: Thm Na2CO3 vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3 hin tng xy ra l:
A. dung dch vn trong sut
B. c kt ta nhm cacbonat
C. c kt ta Al(OH)3 v kh CO2
D. c kt ta Al(OH)3 sau kt ta tan tr li
Cu 37: Trong cc cht sau, cht no lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh
A. HCOOH.
B. NH2CH2COOH.
C. H2N(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH.
D. CH3 COOCH3.
Cu 38: Dung dch X gm AgNO3 0,42M v Pb(NO3)2 0,36M. Cho 0,81g bt Al vo 100 ml dung
dch X ti phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,851 gam.
B. 9,504 gam.
C. 6,525 gam.
D. 6,291 gam.
Cu 39: in phn dung dch mui CuSO4 d trong thi gian 1930 giy, thu c 1,92g Cu catot.
Cng dng in trong qu trnh in phn l gi tr no sau y
A. 3,0 A.
B. 4,5 A.
C. 1,5 A.
D. 6,0 A.
Cu 40: Thy phn 324 gam tinh bt vi hiu sut ca phn ng l 75%, khi lng glucoz thu c
l
A. 360 gam.
B. 270 gam.
C. 250 gam.
D. 300 gam.

Trang 52/305

Cu 41: Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HCl c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch NH 3 n d
vo dung dch Y, ban u xut hin kt ta xanh, sau kt ta tan, thu c dung dch mu xanh
thm. Cht X l
A. FeO.
B. Cu.
C. CuO.
D. Fe.
Cu 42: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 70% ri hp th ton b kh thot ra vo 4 lt dung
dch NaOH 0,5M (D = 1,05g/ml) thu c dung dch cha 2 mui c tng nng l 3,211%. Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 384,7
B. 135,0
C. 270,0
D. 192,9
Cu 43: Ha tan ht 10,4 gam hn hp Fe, Mg vo 500ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,4M v HCl
0,8M thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 36,7
B. 39,2
C. 34,2 m 36,7
D. 34,2
Cu 44: Cho 8,32 gam Cu tc dng va vi 120 ml dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng thu c 4,928
lt (ktc) hn hp NO v NO2. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 ban u
A. 2 M
B. 0,2 M.
C. 0,4 M.
D. 4 M.
Cu 45: Khi cho 1,92g hn hp X gm Mg v Fe c t l mol 1: 3 tc dng hon ton vi HNO3 to ra
hn hp kh gm NO v NO2 c th tch 1,736 lt (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui to thnh v s mol
HNO3 phn ng:
A. 8,074 gam v 0,018 mol
B. 8,4 gam v 0,8 mol.
C. 8,7 gam v 0,1 mol.
D. 8,74 gam v 0,1875 mol.
Cu 46: Kim loi Fe phn ng c vi dung dch no sau y
A. NaOH.
B. FeCl3.
C. MgCl2.
D. K2SO4.
Cu 47: Cng thc ca anilin l:
A. CH3NH2.
B. C6H5NH2.
C. C2H5NH2.
D. (CH3)2NH.
Cu 48: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l cht lng tnh:
A. AlCl3.
B. Al2(SO4)3.
C. [NaAl(OH)4].
D. Al(OH)3.
Cu 49: Trn b mt ca cc h nc vi ngoi khng kh thng c mt lp vng mng. Lp
vng ny ch yu l:
A. canxi cacbonat.
B. canxi.
C. canxi oxit.
D. canxi hidroxit.
Cu 50: u l polime thin nhin:
A. t capron.
B. t visco.
C. t tm.
D. t axetat.

Trang 53/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 10
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: C nm dung dch ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, FeCl2. Nu thm dung dch KOH d
vo, sau thm tip NH3 d vo. S dung dch cho kt ta thu c sau th nghim l:
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 2: Ancol no mch h A cha n nguyn t C v m nhm OH trong cu to phn t. Cho 14,8 gam
A tc dng ht vi Na cho 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). Mi quan h gia n v m l.
A. 2m = 2n + 1
B. 28m = 7n+2
C. 7m = n+3
D. 29m = 7n+1
Cu 3: X c cng thc phn t l C7H6O3. Cho 1 mol X tc dng va vi 2 mol NaOH thu c
hai cht hu c Y v Z. CTCT ca X l
A. HCOOC6H4OH. B. HOOC-C6H4OH. C. (OH)2C6H3CHO. D. (OH)2C6H3CH2OH.
Cu 4: Amino axit X c phn t khi bng 89. Tn ca X l
A. alanin.
B. glyxin.
C. valin.
D. lysin.
Cu 5: ipeptit mch h X v tripeptit mch h Y u c to nn t mt aminoaxit (no, mch h,
trong phn t cha mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH). t chy hon ton 0,15 mol Y, thu c
tng khi lng CO2 v H2O bng 82,35 gam. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X, sn phm thu c cho
li t t qua nc vi trong d, to ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 40 gam.
B. 80 gam.
C. 60 gam.
D. 30 gam.
Cu 6: Nhng pht biu no di y ng:
(1): Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c vng benzen v nhm OH
(2): Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c cha nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t
cacbon ca vng benzen.
(3): Phenol c dng iu ch dc phm v thuc n.
(4): Phenol tan v hn trong nc lnh.
(5): Phenol tan v hn trong nc 660C.
(6): Phenol tan c trong etanol.
A. (2), (3), (4),(5).
B. (2), (4), (5), (6).

C. (1), (2), (4), (5).

D. (2), (3), (5), (6).

Cu 7: Trn ba dung dch H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2M; HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau thu
c dung dch X. Ly 300 ml dung dch X cho phn ng vi V lit dung dch Y gm NaOH 0,2M v
KOH 0,29M thu c dung dch c pH = 2. Gi tr V l:
A. 0,424 lit.
B. 0,134 lit.
C. 0,414 lit.
D. 0,214 lit.
Cu 8: Cho 3,36 lt kh hirocacbon X (ktc) phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C4H4.
B. C3H4.
C. C4H6.
D. C2H2.

Trang 54/305

Cu 9: Tng s cc ht electron trong anion XY32- l 42. Trong X chim 40% v khi lng. Trong
cc ht nhn ca X v Y u c s ht proton bng s ht ntron. V tr ca X, Y trong bng tun hon
l:
A. X th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA; Y th 9; chu k 2, nhm VIIA.
B. X th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA; Y th 8; chu k 2, nhm VIA.
C. X th 14, chu k 3, nhm IVA; Y th 8; chu k 2, nhm VIB.
D. X th 14, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB; Y th 9; chu k 2, nhm VIIA.
Cu 10: Cho a mol HCHO tc dng vi dng dch AgNO3 d /NH3, kt thc phn ng thu c x gam
Ag. Oxi ha a mol HCHO bng oxi vi hiu sut 50% thu c hn hp B. Cho ton b B tc dng
vi dng dch AgNO3 d /NH3, kt thc phn ng thu c y gam Ag. T s x:y l.
A. 4:3.
B. 2:1.
C. 5:3.
D. 7:5.
Cu 11: Amino axit X c cng thc H2NCxHy(COOH)2. Cho 0,1 mol X vo 0,2 lt dung dch H2SO4
0,5M, thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y phn ng va vi dung dch gm NaOH 1M v KOH 3M, thu
c dung dch cha 36,7 gam mui. Phn trm khi lng ca nit trong X l
A. 10,526%.
B. 10,687%.
C. 11,966%.
D. 9,524%.
Cu 12: Cho 0,17 mol NaOH vo 20 gam bo trung tnh ri un nng ln, khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton ngi ta thu c dung dch c tnh baz, trung ho dung dch ny phi dng ht 0,10 mol
HCl. Tnh khi lng NaOH cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo trn:
A. 2,14 tn.
B. 1,41 tn.
C. 0,41 tn.
D. 0,14 tn.
Cu 13: C ba ng nghim ng ba dung dch: Cu(NO3)2; Pb(NO3)2; Zn(NO3)2 c nh s theo th
t ng l 1, 2, 3. Nhng ba l km (ging ht nhau) X, Y, Z vo ba ng th khi lng mi l km s
(gi s kim loi to ra bm ht vo l km):
A. X gim, Y tng, Z khng i.
B. X tng, Y gim, Z khng i.
C. X gim, Y gim, Z khng i.
D. X tng, Y tng, Z khng i.
Cu 14: Trt t tng dn tnh baz ca dy no sau y l khng ng:
A. C6H5NH2 < NH3.
B. NH3 < CH3NH2 < C2H5NH2.
C. CH3CH2NH2 < (CH3)2NH.
D. p CH3C6H4NH2 < p O2NC6H4NH2.
Cu 15: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO c tng
khi lng bng 2,60 gam. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 100 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,30 M. X phn ng va vi dung dch cha m gam brom. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,8.
B. 6,4.
C. 8,4.
D. 11,2.
Cu 16: Cho phn ng sau: aCuFeS2 + bH2SO4 cFe2(SO4)3 + dSO2 + e CuSO4 + f H2O Trong a,
b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn dng, ti gin. Gi tr ca b, d trong phn ng trn sau khi cn bng tng
ng l:
A. 18 v 17.
B. 18 v 13.
C. 22 v 13.
D. 22 v 17.
Cu 17: Trong cc cht: metyl xiclopropan; xiclobutan; but-1-in; ivinyl; isopren. S cht c kh nng
tc dng vi H2 to ra butan l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 3.
Cu 18: Hp th 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 0,5 lt NaOH 0,4M v KOH 0,2M. Sau phn ng c dung
dch X. Ly 1/2 dung dch X tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d, to m gam kt ta. m v tng khi lng mui
trong X ln lt l:
A. 19,7g v 20,6g. B. 19,7gv 13,6g.
C. 39,4g v 20,6g.
D. 1,97g v 2,06g.
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Cu 19: Cho dy cc cht: C2H2, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3CHO, (CH3)2CO, C6H12O6 (fructoz), vinyl
axetilen. S cht trong dy tham gia c phn ng trng bc l:
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 20: in phn dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaCl v a Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng ngn xp) sau
mt thi gian thu c dung dch X v khi lng dung dch gim 21,5 gam. Cho thanh st vo dung
dch X n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng thanh st gim 2,6 gam v thy thot ra
kh NO duy nht. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,3
B. 0,4
C. 0,2
D. 0,5
Cu 21: Cho dy cc cht: Glucoz, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH, anilin, phenol,
benzen, metyl xiclopropan, xiclobutan. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l:
A. 6.
B. 9.
C. 8.
D. 7.
Cu 22: Cht no sau y lm giy qu tm t chuyn sang mu :
A. Alanin.
B. Glixin.
C. Axit Glutamic.
D. Lysin.
Cu 23: C ba hp cht X (phenol); Y (ancol benzylic); Z (ancol anlylic). Khi cho ln lt cc cht
trn tc dng vi tng cht: K, dung dch NaOH, nc brom. C cc nhn nh sau:
(1). (X), (Y), (Z) u phn ng vi K.
(2). (X), (Y), (Z) u phn ng vi NaOH.
(3). Ch c (X), (Z) phn ng vi nc brom.
(4). Ch c (X) phn ng vi nc brom.
Cc nhn nh ng l:
A. (1), (4).
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (3), (4).
D. (1), (3).
Cu 24: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron phn lp ngoi cng. Nguyn
t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l:
A. kh him v kim loi.
B. kim loi v kim loi.
C. phi kim v kim loi.
D. kim loi v kh him.
Cu 25: Thu phn hon ton 34,2 gam saccaroz. Ly ton b sn phm X ca phn ng thu phn
cho tc dng vi lng d AgNO3/NH3 thu c a gam kt ta. Cn nu cho ton b sn phm X tc
dng vi dung dch nc brom d th c b gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt l
A. 21,6 v 16.
B. 43,2 v 32.
C. 21,6 v 32.
D. 43,2 v 16.
+
2+
Cu 26: Trong 1 cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na ; 0,02 mol Ca ; 0,04 mol Mg2+ ; 0,09 mol HCO3- cn
li l Cl- v SO42-. Trong s cc cht sau: Na2CO3, BaCO3, NaOH, K3PO4, Ca(OH)2, HCl, s cht c
th lm mm nc trong cc l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 27: C bao nhiu dn xut halogen c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl:
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 28: Cng thc no sau y khng th l cng thc n gin ca 1 este no, mch h
A. C5H8O2
B. C5H10O
C. C5H9O2
D. C8H10O8
Cu 29: Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng
ht vi 10,35 gam Na, thu c 25,65 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
D. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
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Cu 30: Cho dung dch cha a gam Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch cha a gam HCl. Dung dch sau phn ng
c mi trng g:
A. axit.
B. Trung tnh.
C. Baz.
D. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 31: Hn hp X gm FeS2 v MS (t l mol 1:2; M l kim loi c s oxi ha khng i trong cc
hp cht). Cho 71,76 gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO 3 c, nng thu c 83,328 lt
NO2 (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Thm BaCl2 d vo dung dch sau phn ng trn thy tch ra m
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 111,84 gam
B. 178,56 gam
C. 173,64 gam
D. 55,92 gam
Cu 32: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp Cl2 v Br2 c t l s mol l 5 : 2 vo mt dung dch cha 42 gam
NaI, kt thc phn ng khi lng mui thu c sau khi c cn dung dch l
A. 21,7gam.
B. 19,85gam.
C. 19,25 gam.
D. 19,94 gam.
Cu 33: Thy phn hon ton 110,75 gam mt cht bo trong mi trng axit thu c 11,5 gam
glixerol v hn hp 2 axit A,B trong mA : mB > 2. Hai axit A, B ln lt l:
A. C17H35COOH v C17H33COOH
B. C17H35COOH v C17H31COOH
C. C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH
D. C17H31COOH v C15H31COOH
Cu 34: Cho hn hp X gm ancol etylic v hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng tc dng ht vi Na gii phng ra 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4
c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 34,88 gam este (gi
thit cc phn ng este ho xy ra nh nhau v t hiu sut 80%). Hai axit cacboxylic trong hn hp
l:
A. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Cu 35: Xp theo th t tng dn linh ng nguyn t H trong nhm OH trong phn t ca cc
cht sau: C2H5OH (1), CH3COOH (2), C2H3COOH (3), C6H5OH (4), HOH (5) l
A. (5) < (1) < (4) < (2) < (3).
B. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4) < (5) .
C. (1) < (5) < (4) < (2) < (3).
D. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) < (5) .
Cu 36: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch mui st (III) clorua l
A. Cu, Fe, Al, Ag.
B. Mg, Cu, Fe, Au. C. Cu, Fe, Al, Zn.
D. Mg, Cu, Ag, Na.
Cu 37: Trong bnh kn cha 3,5 mol hn hp gm H2, mt amin n chc v 4,0 mol O2. Bt tia la
in t chy hon ton hn hp. Thu c 1,0 mol CO2, 0,5 mol N2, 0,5 mol O2 v a mol H2O.
Cng thc phn t ca amin l:
A. CH5N.
B. C2H7N.
C. C3H6N.
D. C3H5N.
Cu 38: Hp th ht 4,48 lt CO2 (kc) vo dung dch cha x mol KOH v y mol K2CO3 thu c 200
ml dung dch X. Ly 100 ml X cho t t vo 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M thu c 2,688 lt kh (kc).
Mt khc, 100ml X tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 39,4g kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,15
B. 0,2
C. 0,05
D. 0,1
Cu 39: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C3H9O2N tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, un nng nh thu
c mui Y v kh T lm hng dung dch phenolphtalein. Cho Y tc dng vi NaOH rn, nung nng
thu c CH4. Tn gi ca X l:
A. C2H5COONH4.
B. CH3COONH3CH3. C. HCOONH3C2H5. D. NH2-C2H6-COOH.
Cu 40: Cho hp cht X tc dng vi NaOH to ra kh Y lm xanh qu tm m. Mt khc, cht X tc
dng vi axit HCl to ra kh Z va lm vn c nc vi trong, va lm mt mu dung dch Brom.
Cht X khng tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2. Vy cht X c th l
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A. NH4HSO3.
B. (NH4)2SO3.
C. (NH4)2CO3.
D. NH4HCO3.
Cu 41: Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C3H10O3N2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c
cht hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng mol phn t ca Y l
A. 99.
B. 82.
C. 59.
D. 60.
Cu 42: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Al v Cu trong HNO3 c ngui thu c 2,24 lt kh
NO2 (ktc) v l sn phm kh duy nht. Mt khc ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp trn trong HCl
d thi thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 ktc. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,6 gam.
B. 15,5 gam.
C. 9,1 gam.
D. 5,9 gam.
Cu 43: Cho cc cht sau: triolein(I), tripanmitin(II), tristearin(III). Nhit nng chy ca cc cht
c sp xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. (II), (III), (I)
B. (III), (II), (I)
C. (II), (I), (III)
D. (I), (II), (III)
Cu 44: Khi cho Fe ln lt tc dng vi cc dung dch Fe2(SO4)3, dung dch AgNO3 d, dung dch
HNO3 long d (sinh kh NO duy nht), dung dch CuSO4, ZnCl2 c ti a bao nhiu phn ng xy ra:
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 45: t chy hon ton mt on mch cao su buna N bng lng khng kh va ( 20% s
mol O2, 80% s mol N2) thu c CO2, H2O, N2. Ngng t hi nc th hn hp kh cn li N2 chin
84,127% tng s mol. Tnh t l mt xch butaien v acrilonitrin trong cao su buna-N.
A. 2:3.
B. 2:1.
C. 1:2.
D. 3:2.
Cu 46: Thit b nh hnh v di y khng th dng thc hin th nghim no trong s cc th
nghim sau:
A. iu ch NH3 t NH4Cl
B. iu ch O2 t KMnO4
Chu
C. iu ch N2 t NH4 NO2
nc
D. iu ch O2 t NaNO3

Cu 47: Polime c cu trc mng khng gian (mng li) l:


A. PVC.
B. Cao su lu ha.
C. PE.
D. amilopectin.
Cu 48: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Glucozc kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc.
(b) S chuyn ha tinh bt trong c th ngi c sinh ra mantoz.
(c) Mantoz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc.
(d) Saccaroz c cu to t hai gc -glucoz v -fructoz.
(e) Fructoz c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br2
(f) Fructoz tn ti ch yu di dng mch h.
(g) Glucoz tn ti ch yu di dng mch vng.
Trong cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l:
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 49: Cho 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 1M tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 0,5M nhn thy s mol kt
ta ph thuc vo th tch dung dch NaOH theo th sau. Gi tr ca b l:
A. 360ml
B. 340
C. 350ml
D. 320ml

Trang 58/305

Cu 50: Hp cht A tc dng c vi K, AgNO3/NH3, khng tc dng vi NaOH. Khi cho A tc


dng vi H2/Ni, t0 to ra ancol ha tan c Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch mu xanh lam. Cng thc cu
to ca A l:
A. C2H5OH.
B. HOCH2CH2CHO. C. HCOOCH3.
D. CH3CH(OH)CHO.

Trang 59/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 11
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Cho kh CO i qua ng s ng 37,12 gam Fe3O4 nung nng thu c hn hp rn X. Kh i
ra khi ng s c hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 43,34 gam kt ta. Ha tan ht
lng hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng, d thy bay ra V lit kh SO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V
l:
A. 4,48
B. 3,584
C. 3,36
D. 6,72
Cu 2: t chy hon ton 18,8 gam hn hp gm ancol anlylic; anehit propionic; axit acrylic; vinyl
fomiat ri cho ton b sn phm chy qua dung dch nc vi trong d. Sau phn ng thu c 90
gam kt ta v dung dch A. Khi lng A so vi khi lng dung dch nc vi trong ban u thay
i nh th no:
A. tng 54 gam
B. gim 36 gam
C. gim 50,4 gam
D. tng 39,6 gam
2 1
2 3
Cu 3: Cho X, Y, G c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l: ns np ; ns np v ns2np5. Hy cho bit kt
lun no sau y ng:
A. Tnh phi kim: X < Y < G
B. Bn knh nguyn t: X < Y < G
C. m in: X > Y > G
D. Nng lng ion ha : X > Y > G.
Cu 4: B dng c hnh bn c th dng iu ch kh no trong cc kh sau trong phng th
A
nghim:
E
B

A. Cl2
B. CO2
D. NH3
D. Cl2 v CO2
Cu 5: Phn ng ca oxit no vi HI khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh:
A. Fe2O3
B. FeO
C. Fe3O4
D. Fe2O3 v FeO
Cu 6: Cho 13,5 gam Al tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long, nng d thy thot ra hn hp
kh gm 0,1 mol NO v 0,1 mol N2O. Vy s mol HNO3 b kh v s mol HNO3 phn ng l:
A. 0,40 v 1,85
B. 0,35 v 1,85
C. 0,30 v 1,40
D. 0,35 v 1,90
Cu 7: Cho cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHSO4. S cht
trong dy c tnh lng tnh l:
Trang 60/305

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 8: Cho 5,6 lt CO2 hp th ht trong 200 ml dung dch X cha BaCl2 0,5M v NaOH xM. Tm gi
tr nh nht ca x kt ta thu c l ln nht:
A. 1,5M
B. 1,0M
C. 1,75M
D. 2,0M
Cu 9: Vi cng mt lng HCl th khi tc dng vi lng d cht no di y s thu c nhiu
kh Clo nht:
A. K2MnO4
B. PbO2
C. CaOCl2
D. K2Cr2O7
Cu 10: Cho 11,2 gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch cha HNO3 2,0M v H2SO4 2,0M thu c 3,36
lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca HNO3, ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c:
A. 33,5 gam
B. 27,4 gam
C. 30,8 gam
D. 31,5 gam
Cu 11: un nng hn hp 3 ancol: ancol metylic, propan 1 ol; ancol isopropylic vi H2SO4 c
trong iu kin thch hp th s anken v s ete c th thu c l:
A. 2, 6
B. 1, 6
C. 3, 4
D. 3,3
Cu 12: Cho hn hp cha x mol Mg, y mol Fe vo dung dch cha z mol CuSO 4. Sau khi kt thc
cc phn ng thu c hn hp gm 2 kim loi. Mun tha mn iu kin th:
A. z = x + y
B. x < z < y
C. x z < x + y
D. z x
Cu 13: Tin hnh nung 1000 gam loi qung photphorit cha Ca3(PO4)2 77,5% vi C v SiO2 u ly
d 10000C. Tnh khi lng P thu c. Bit hiu sut phn ng t 80%:
A. 124 gam
B. 310 gam
C. 155 gam
D. 148 gam
Cu 14: Cho cc hn hp c cng s mol di y vo nc d: Hn hp A (Na v Al), hn hp B (K
v Zn), hn hp C (Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu), hn hp D (CuS v H2SO4), hn hp E (Cu, H2SO4 v
Fe(NO3)3), hn hpF (CaCO3 v HCl). S hn hp tan ht l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 15: Cho 3,36g bt st vo dung dch cha 0,15mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm
kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c:
A. 0,025mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,01mol Fe d
B. 0,015mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,03mol FeSO4
C. 0,06mol FeSO4
D. 0,01mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,04mol FeSO4
Cu 16: Cho Fe tc dng ln lt vi O2; Cl2; S; HCl; HNO3; H2SO4 c nng v dung dch AgNO3.
C bao nhiu trng hp c th to c hp cht st (II) v st (III):
A. 6
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 17: Crackinh hexan mt thi gian thu c 1,792 lt hn hp X gm cc hirocacbon. Thm 4,48
lt H2 vo X ri nung vi Ni n phn ng hon ton thu c 5,6 lt hn hp kh Y (cc th tch u
o ktc). t chy hon ton Y ri cho sn phm chy hp th vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, khi
lng kt ta to thnh:
A. 35 gam.
B. 25 gam.
C. 30 gam.
D. 20 gam.
Cu 18: Cho X l mt ancol n chc, mch h. Oxi ha m gam X bng bt CuO nung nng thu c
hn hp Y gm anehit, ancol d v nc. Chia Y thnh ba phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi dung
dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) thu c 6,48 gam Ag. Cho phn 2 tc dng vi Na (d) th thot ra 0,56 lt H2
(ktc). t chy hon ton phn 3 th c 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O. Hiu sut phn ng
oxi ha X v gi tr ca m l:
A. 60% v 8,7.
B. 60% v 9,0.
C. 30% v 8,7.
D. 30% v 9,0.

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Cu 19: in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl vi hai in cc tr, c mng
ngn xp, khi thy c 2 in cc u xut hin bt kh th ngng in phn. Kt qu anot c 0,02
mol kh thot ra, cn dung dch sau in phn c th ha tan ti a 0,005 mol Fe3O4. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,64
B. 7,98
C. 5,97
D. 6,81
Cu 20: Ha tan ht hn hp rn gm CaC2, Al4C3 v Ca vo nc thu c 3,36lit hn hp X c t
khi so vi H2 bng 10. Dn X qua Ni un nng thu c hn hp kh Y. Tip tc cho Y qua bnh
ng nc Brom d th cn li 0,784 lit hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi heli l 6,5. Cc kh o ktc.
Khi lng bnh ng brom tng l:
A. 1,35g
B. 3,91g
C. 2,09g
D. 3,45g
Cu 21: Ho tan m gam Al, Mg vo HCl d cho 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Cho m gam hn hp Al, Mg trn
vo 400ml dung dch gm AgNO3 1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,8M, phn ng xong c bao nhiu gam kt ta.
A. 43,2 gam
B. 49,6 gam
C. 54,8 gam
D. 63,68 gam
Cu 22: T cc cht HNO3 c; Cu; Fe(NO3)3; HCl c v NaNO3. Bng phn ng trc tip c my
phn ng c th to kh NO2:
A. 7
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 23: Cho hn hp kim loi Mg, Zn, Fe vo dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X gm 3 mui v cht rn Y gm 3 kim loi. Ba mui trong
X l:
A. Mg(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3
B. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2
C. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3
D. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2
Cu 24: Dy gm cc cht u c lm kh bng dung dch H2SO4 c l:
A. CO2, N2, O2, HBr, HI, NH3, CH4
B. CO2, O2, N2, Cl2, O3, HF
C. HCl, HBr, HI, H2S, CH4, C2H6, H2
D. SO3, N2, O3, O2, Cl2, CO2, H2
Cu 25: Cho etilenglicol tc dng vi hn hp 2 axit bo RCOOH v RCOOH. S cht c chc este
ti a thu c l:
A. 5
B. 3
C. 6
D. 4
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm mt ancol no n chc, mch h v mt axit cacboxylic n chc (c cng
s nguyn t C v c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2). t chy hon ton 5,1 gam X thu c 5,04 lit
CO2 ktc v 3,6 gam nc. Thc hin phn ng este ha 5,1 gam hn hp X trn vi hiu sut 80%
th thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,85
B. 4,56
C. 2,28
D. 5,70
Cu 27: Cht hu c X c cng thc cu to: CH3CHBrCH2C(CH3)2CHClCH3. Hy cho bit tn no
sau y ng:
A. 2-clo-3,3-imetyl-5-brom hexan
B. 2-brom-5-clo-4,4-imetylhexan
C. 5-brom-2-clo-3,3-imetyl hexan
D. 5-brom-3,3-imetyl -2-clohexan
Cu 28: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra s n mn in ha:
A. Hai thanh Zn, Cu c ni vi nhau bi dy dn v cng nhng vo dung dch HCl
B. tm st c m kn thic ngoi khng kh m
C. Hai dy Cu, Al c ni trc tip vi nhau v ngoi khng kh m
D. thanh thp ngoi khng kh m
Cu 29: Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol este X cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. C cn dung dch
sau phn ng thu c glixerol v 24,6 gam cht rn khan. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu CTCT:
A. 7
B. 5
C. 8
D. 6
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Cu 30: Peptit X c cng thc cu to Ala Gly Lys. Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi thy phn
hon ton 0,1mol X trong H2SO4 d, ung nng:
A. 70,2 gam
B. 45,7 gam
C. 60,4 gam
D. 50,6 gam
Cu 31: Khi trung ha 0,59 gam hn hp 2 amin n chc, bc I (c s nguyn t C trong phn t
khng qu 4) cn ht 1 lit dung dch Y cha hn hp H2SO4 v HCl c pH = 2. Cng thc ca 2 amin
l:
A. C4H9NH2 v C2H5NH2
B. CH3NH2 v C3H7NH2
C. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2
D. C3H7NH2 v C2H5NH2
Cu 32: Hp cht ClCH = CH CH = CHBr c bao nhiu ng phn hnh hc:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Cu 33: Thy phn hn hp gm 136,8 gam mantoz v 34,2 gam saccaroz trong mi trng axit
vi hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht t 60% thu c hn hp X. Trung ha hn hp X thu
c hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, un nng thu c m gam Ag kt ta. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 164,16
B. 129,6
C. 172,8
D. 146,88
Cu 34: Mt mt xch polime X c dng (-CH2C(CH3)=CH CH2-). Vy tn thng ca monome to
ra X l:
A. isopren
B. 2 - metylbuta - 1,3- dien
C. 3 - metylbuta- 1,3-dien
D. Poliisopren
Cu 35: Cho cc hp cht hu c n chc (cha C, H, O), mch h v c M = 46 ln lt tc dng
vi Na, NaOH, NaHCO3 v AgNO3 trong NH3. S phn ng xy ra l:
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6
Cu 36: C hn hp gm: Fe(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, Ag2O. Ch dng mt ha cht no sau y c
th tch c Fe(OH)3 ra khi hn hp:
A. dung dch NaOH B. dung dch HCl
C. kh NH3
D. dung dch NH3
Cu 37: Tng s lin kt trong phn t ankan X bng 19. Khi X tc dng vi clo/as thu c 4 loi
dn xut monoclo. Trong cu to ca X c s nguyn t cacbon bc 1 l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 38: Cho s phn ng: C2H2 X Y CH3COOH. Trong s cc cht: C2H6, C2H4,
CH3CHO, CH3COOCH = CH2 th s cht ph hp vi X trong s trn l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
Cu 39: Cho benzen, toluen, nitrobenzen tc dng vi Br2/Fe, t0 th kh nng phn ng tng dn theo
th t sau:
A. Benzen, toluen, nitrobenzen
B. Toluen, benzen, nitrobenzen
C. Nitrobenzen, benzen, toluen
D. Nitrobenzen, toluen, benzen
0
Cu 40: Cho Buta-1,3-dien tc dng vi HBr 40 C theo t l mol 1:1 th sn phm chnh l:
A. 1-Brombut-3-en B. 1-Brombut-2-en C. 2-Brombut-2-en D. 2-Brombut-1-en
Cu 41. Cho cc dung dch: Na2CO3, NaOH v CH3COONa c cng nng mol/l v c cc gi tr
pH tng ng l pH1, pH2 v pH3. S sp xp no ng vi trnh t tng dn pH:
A. pH3 < pH1 < pH2 B. pH3 < pH2 < pH1 C. pH1 < pH3 < pH2 D. pH1 < pH2 < pH3
Cu 42: Khi cho 1,48 gam mt hn hp gm hai axit tc dng vi Na2CO3 va th thu c mt
dung dch Y v 224 ml kh CO2 (ktc). Vy khi c cn dung dch Y s thu c lng mui l:
A. 1,92 gam
B. 2,02 gam
C. 2,12 gam
D. 2,10 gam
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Cu 43: Cho 2,7 gam CHC-CHO tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d. S mol AgNO3 b
kh l:
A. 0,05 mol

B. 0,1 mol

C. 0,15 mol

D. 0,2 mol

Cu 44: Loi nc no di y khi un nng n phn ng hon ton th tnh cng gim:
A. Nc cng tm thi
B. Nc mm.
C. Nc cng vnh cu
D. Nc cng ton phn
Cu 45: Rt t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo 150 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,04M thy lng kt ta ph
thuc vo s ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 theo th di y. Gi tr ca a v b tng ng l:
A. 45 ml v 60 ml
B. 45 ml v 90 ml C. 90 ml v 120 ml D. 60 ml v 90 ml

Cu 46: Hp cht hu c X c cha C, H, Cl. T khi ca X i vi H2 l 56,5. Hy cho bit X c bao


nhiu cng thc cu to:
A. 5
B. 4
C. 2
D. 3
Cu 47: Cho cc axit hu c: axit benzoic, axit o metylbenzoic, axit m metylbenzoic, axit p
metylbenzoic. Cht c tnh axit cao nht l:
A. axit benzoic
B. axit m metylbenzoic
C. axit p nitrobenzoic
D. axit p metylbenzoic
Cu 48: Cho s phn ng sau: (1) MnO2 + HCl kh X; (2) FeS + HCl kh Y; (3) Na2SO3 +
HCl kh Z; (4) NH4HCO3 + NaOH(d) kh G. Hy cho bit kh no tc dng c vi NaOH?
A. kh Y, kh Z, kh G
B. kh X, kh Y, kh G
C. kh X, kh Z, kh G
D. kh X, kh Y, kh Z
Cu 49: iu ch etyl axetat t tinh bt theo s : tinh bt glucoz ancol etylic axit axetic
etyl axetat. Bit hiu sut ca mi giai on iu ch u t 50%. Khi lng tinh bt cn dng
iu ch 1mol etyl axetat l:
A. 1012 gam
B. 1944 gam
C. 405,0 gam
D. 324 gam
2+
Cu 50: Hirat ha 8,0 gam propin c mt mui Hg trong mi trng axit, un nng thu c hn
hp sn phm cht hu c X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 20,4 gam kt
ta. Mt khc, hiro ha hon ton X cn 6,272 lit H2 (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng chuyn ha
propin thnh andehit l:
A. 20%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 50%

--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

Trang 64/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 12
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1:Thy phn hn hp 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c dung dch
X vi hiu sut tng ng l 60% v 75%. Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d thu
c lng Ag l:
A. 0,078mol
B. 0,083mol
C. 0,085mol
D. 0,090mol
Cu 2: Cho m gam bt Cu vo 400ml dung dch AgNO3 1M sau mt thi gian phn ng thu c 42g
hn hp rn X v dung dch Y. Lc tch X ri thm 16,25g bt Zn vo Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 23,65g cht rn Z. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 19,2
B. 12,8
C. 16,0
D. 9,6
Cu 3:Cho cc nguyn t:

. Nhn nh no ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t X, Y, Z:

A. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ha hc B. X v Z c cng s khi


C. X v Y c cng s ntron
D. X, Z l 2 ng v ca 1 nguyn t ha hc
Cu 4:B dng c hnh bn c th dng iu ch kh Clo trong phng th nghim. Cc dung dch
C v D ln lt ng :
A
E
B

A. H2SO4 c v NaCl bo ha
B. H2SO4 c v Ca(OH)2
C. Ca(OH)2 v H2SO4 c
D. NaCl bo ha v H2SO4 c
Cu 5:Nguyn tc no sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon sau y l sai:
A. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca khi lng nguyn t.
B. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn.
C. Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng.
D. Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ho tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt ct.
Cu 6:Khi cho 0,1mol este n chc, mch h X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d sau khi phn ng
kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 8g v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 21,0g. S
ng phn cu to ca X tho mn cc tnh cht trn l:
Trang 65/305

A. 5
B. 3
C. 4
D. 2
Cu 7:Cho dy cc cht: N2, H2, NH3, NaCl, HCl, H2O. S cht trong dy m phn t ch cha lin kt
cng ha tr khng cc l:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 8:Hn hp X gm etilen, metan, propin, vinyl axetilen c t khi so vi H2 l 17. t chy hon
ton 5,1gam hn hp X ri hp th sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng bnh tng
thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25,5
B. 20,1
C. 18,3
D. 21,9
Cu 9:Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4,
Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho kh l:
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
Cu 10: Cho butan qua xc tc nhit cao thu c hn hp X gm C4H10, C4H8, C4H6 v H2. T
khi ca X so vi butan l 0,45. Nu cho 0,6mol X vo Brom d th s mol Brom ti a phn ng l:
A. 0,33mol
B. 0,36mol
C. 0,30mol
D. 0,40mol
Cu 11:Pht biu no sau y l sai:
A. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot
B. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl
C. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo
D. Tnh kh ca ion Br- ln hn tnh kh ca ion ClCu 12:ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon:
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n
B. Cha su rng
C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim
D. St trng nc sinh hot
Cu 13:Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 30,4g Cr2O3 trong iu kin
khng c khng kh sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt lng d
dung dch HCl long nng, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 12,32 lit kh (ktc). Cn
nu cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c nng d, sau khi phn ng kt thc th s mol
NaOH phn ng l:
A. 0,9mol
B. 0,5mol
C. 0,1mol
D. 0,4mol
Cu 14:Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau: (a) S + O2

SO2; (b) S + 3F2

SF6; (c) S + Hg HgS; (d) S

+ 6HNO3c H2SO4 + 6SO2 + 2H2O. S phn ng trong S th hin tnh kh l:


A. 1
B. 2
C.3
D. 4
Cu 15:Cho 400ml dung dch E gm AlCl3 x mol/lit v Al2(SO4)3 y mol/lit tc dng vi 612ml dung
dch NaOH 1M, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 8,424g kt ta. Mt khc, khi cho 400ml E tc
dng vi BaCl2 d th thu c 33,552g kt ta. T l x : y l:
A. 3 : 4
B. 3 : 2
C. 4 : 3
D. 7 : 4
Cu 16:Khi bt u phn ng, nng ca 1 cht l 0,024M, sau 10 giy xy ra phn ng, nng
ca cht l 0,022M. Tc ca phn ng trong thi gian l:
A. 0,0002 mol/ls
B. 0,0024 mol/ls
C. 0,0022 mol/ls
D. 0,0046 mol/ls
Cu 17:Hn hp X gm Fe(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Thnh phn % khi lng ca N trong X l
11,864%. C th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu gam hn hp 3 kim loi t 70,8g X:
A. 39,6g
B. 36,8g
C. 30,4g
D. 33,6g
Trang 66/305

Cu 18:Nhit phn hon ton mt lng Cu(NO3)2 c cht rn X v hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b Y


vo mt lng d nc thu c dung dch Z. Cho kh CO d qua X nung nng n phn ng hon
ton ri ly cht rn sinh ra cho vo Z, thy cht rn ch tan mt phn v thot ra kh NO l sn phm
kh duy nht. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Phn trm khi lng ca X phn ng l:
A. 70%
B. 25%
C. 60%
D. 75%
Cu 19:Chia hn hp 2 ancol n chc X, Y (MX< MY) l ng ng k tip thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
t chy hon ton phn I thu c 8,96 lit CO2 v 11,7g H2O. un nng phn II vi H2SO4 c
1400c to thnh 4,615g hn hp 3 ete. Ha hi hon ton hn hp 3 ete trn thu c th tch hi bng
th tch ca 2,17g N2 cng iu kin. Hiu sut ca phn ng to ete ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. 80% v 50%
B. 50% v 80%
C. 40% v 60%
D. 60% v 40%
Cu 20:Cho m gam bt km vo 500ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton, khi lng dung dch tng thm 7,85g so vi dung dch ban u. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 16,25
B. 15,60
C. 11,05
D. 11,70
Cu 21:Hn hp X gm etyl axetat, metyl propionat v vinyl acrylat. t chy hon ton 36,2g X thu
c 27g H2O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong hn hp l:
A. 75%
B. 50%
C. 40%
D. 25%
Cu 22:Cho phng trnh ho hc: N2 (k) + O2(k) 2NO (k); H > 0. Hy cho bit nhng yu t no
sau y nh hng n s chuyn dch cn bng ho hc trn:
A. Nhit v nng
B. p sut v nng
C. Nng v cht xc tc
D. Cht xc tc v nhit
Cu 23:Cc hp cht sau, hp cht no thuc loi lng tnh:
A. Cr(OH)3, Fe(OH)2, Mg(OH)2
B. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Pb(OH)2
C. Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2
D. Cr(OH)3, Pb(OH)2, Mg(OH)2
Cu 24:Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Phn hn hp cha nit, photpho, kali c gi chung l NPK
B. Phn ure c cng thc (NH4)2CO3
C. Phn ln cung cp nit cho cy di dng ion NO3- v NH4+
D. Amophot l hn hp cc mui (NH4)2HPO4 v KNO3
Cu 25: iu kin thch hp xy ra cc phn ng sau: (a) 2C + CaCaC2; (b) C + 2H2 CH4; (c) C
+ CO2 2CO; (d) 3C + 4Al Al4C3. Trong cc phn ng trn, tnh kh ca cacbon th hin phn
ng:
A. (a).
B. (c).
C. (d).
D. (b).
Cu 26:Hp th ht 3,36 lit CO2 (ktc) vo 100ml dung dch gm K2CO3 0,2M v KOH x mol/lit, sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi BaCl 2 d thu
c 13,79g kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,6
B. 2,2
C. 2,0
D. 1,8
Cu 27:Cng thc n gin nht ca mt hidrocacbon l CnH2n+1. Dy ng ng ca hidrocacbon l:
A. ankan
B. ankin
C. anken
D. ankadien
Cu 28:Tn thay th (theo IUPAC) ca (CH3)3C - CH2 - CH(CH3)2 l
A. 2,2,4,4-tetrametylbutan.
B. 2,4,4-trimetylpentan.
C. 2,2,4-trimetylpentan.
D. 2,4,4,4-tetrametylbutan.
Cu 29:Cho 11,64 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Ag c t l mol tng ng l 1:3 vo 50 ml dung dch
gm H2SO4 2M v HNO3 1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a mol kh NO (l sn
Trang 67/305

phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1mol O2 thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho ton b
Y tc dng vi nc thu c 500ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 1
Cu 30: hidro ha hon ton 0,025mol hn hp X gm 2 andehit c khi lng 1,625g cn 1,12 lit
H2 (ktc). Mt khc khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3
thu c 10,8g Ag. CTCT ca 2 andehit trong X l:
A. CH2 = C(CH3)CHO v OHCCHO
B. OHCCH2CHO, OHCCHO
C. HCHO, OHCCH2CHO
D. CH2 = CHCHO, OHCCH2CHO
Cu 31:Cht hu c X mch h c dng H2N R COOR (R, Rl cc gc hidrocacbon), phn trm
khi lng ca O trong X l 35,96%. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH, ton b
lng ancol sinh ra cho tc dng vi CuO un nng c andehit Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi
lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 34,56g Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,01
B. 10,68
C. 7,12
D. 14,24
Cu 32:Ancol no, mch h c cng thc tng qut l:
A. CnH2n+2O
B.CnH2n+2Oz
C. CnH2n+2-2kOz
D. CxHyOz
Cu 33:Hn hp M gm 1 andehit v 1 ankin (c cng s nguyn t C). t chy hon ton x mol
hn hp M thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,6x mol H2O. % s mol ca andehit trong hn hp M l:
A. 60%
B. 40%
C. 50%
D. 80%
Cu 34:Trong cng nghip, axeton c iu ch t:
A. xiclopropan
B. propan 1 ol
C. propan 2 ol
D. cumen
Cu 35: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch K[Al(OH)4] 0,2M. Khi lng kt ta
thu c ph thuc vo V (ml) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l:
A. 200 v 1000
B. 200 v 800
C. 200 v 600
D. 300 v 800

Cu 36:Phn trm khi lng ca N trong hp cht CxHyN l 23,73%. S ng phn amin tha mn
cc d kin trn l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
Cu 37:Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Trong dung dch H2NCH2COOH tn ti dng ion lng cc H3N+CH2COOB. Amino axit l hp cht hu c tp chc phn t cha ng thi nhm amino v nhm
cacboxyl
C. Hp cht H2NCH2COOH3NCH3 l este ca glyxin
D. Amino axit l nhng cht rn kt tinh, tan tt trong nc v c v ngt
Cu 38:Braikinin c tc dng lm gim huyt p. l mt nonapeptit c cng thc l: Arg-ProPro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg. Khi thu phn khng hon ton peptit ny c th thu c bao nhiu
tripeptit no c cha phenylalanin (Phe):
A. 5
B. 6
C. 4
D. 3
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Cu 39:Miu t khng ng v cu trc mch ca cc polime l:


A. Poli(vinyl axetat) c dng mch khng phn nhnh
B. Amilopectin c dng mch mng li khng gian
C. Cao su lu ha c dng mch mng li khng gian
D. Poli(vinyl clorua) c dng mch khng phn nhnh
Cu 40:Tng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h c cng CTPT C 5H10O2 phn ng c vi
dung dch NaOH cho sn phm l mui v ancol nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 8
D. 9
Cu 41.Cho hn hp cc kim loi K, Ba, Mg, Al, Fe, Cu, Ag tc dng vi oxi d un nng. S lng
oxit thu c l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
+
3+
Cu 42:Dung dch X gm 0,12mol H , z mol Al , t mol NO3 v 0,02mol SO42-. Cho 100ml dung
dch Y gm KOH 1,9M v Ba(OH)2 0,15M vo X. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 5,055g kt
ta. Gi tr ca z v t ln lt l:
A. 0,020 v 0,012
B. 0,030 v 0,170
C. 0,020 v 0,140
D. 0,040 v 0,200
10
Cu 43:Khi lng nguyn t ca Bo l 10,81. Bo c 2 ng v bn l B v 11B. % khi lng ca
ng v 11B trong H3BO3 (bit nguyn t khi ca H v O tng ng l 1 v 16) l:
A. 15,00%
B. 14,42%
C. 14,51%
D. 14,16%
Cu 44:Cho hn hp Al v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c dung dch X ch cha 1 mui v phn khng tan Y gm 2 kim loi. Hai kim loi trong Y v mui
trong X l:
A. Zn, Ag v Zn(NO3)2
B. Al, Ag v Al(NO3)3
C. Al, Ag v Zn(NO3)2
D. Zn, Ag v Al(NO3)3
Cu 45:Cht X c CTPT l C4H8O3. X tc dng vi NaHCO3 v mui thu c tc dng vi Na gii
phng H2. Hi ca X khng tc dng vi CuO nung nng. Vy cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3C(CH3)(OH)COOH
B. HOCH2CH2CH2COOH
C. HOCH2-CO-CH2CH2OH
D. HOCH2CH2COOCH3
Cu 46: luyn 900 tn gang c hm lng st 90% cn dng x tn qung manhetit cha 75% Fe 3O4
(cn li l tp cht khng cha st). Bit hm lng st b hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 2%. Gi
tr ca x l:
A. 1246,63
B. 1118,57
C. 1521,87
D. 1491,43
Cu 47:Cho cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht c
kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc l:
A. 3
B. 6
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 48:Cho cc phn ng sau: (a) H2S + SO2; (b) Na2S2O3 + dung dch H2SO4 long; (c) SiO2 + 2Mg
(t0); (d) Al2O3 + dung dch NaOH; (e) Ag + O3; (g) SiO2 + dung dch HF. S phn ng to ra n cht
l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3
Cu 49:Hn hp kh X gm O2 v O3 c t khi so vi H2 l 22,4. Hn hp kh Y gm propyl amin v
etyl amin c t khi so vi H2 l 24,6. t chy hon ton V1 lit Y cn va V2 lit X (bit sn
phm chy gm CO2, H2O v N2, cc cht kh c o cng iu kin nhit v p sut). T l V1 :
V2 l:
A. 5:1
B. 1:5
C. 3:1
D. 1:3
Trang 69/305

Cu 50:Cho phn ng C6H5CH3 + KMnO4 C6H5COOK + MnO2 + KOH + H2O. Tng h s


(nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phn ng trn l:
A. 8
B. 10
C. 12
D. 11

--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

Trang 70/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 13

H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: S ng phn este mch h ca C4H6O2 l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.

D. 6.

Cu 2: Dung dch nc mui c tnh st trng v:


A. Do qu trnh khuch tn v thm thu lm mt nc ca vi khun.
B. Do vi khun khng chu c mn
C. Do vi khun khng c thc n.
D. Do tnh cht ha hc ca nc mui.
Cu 3: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, xenluloz, saccaroz, tinh bt, mantoz. S cht trong dy thamgia
phn ng trng bc l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
Cu 4: Hn hp M gm anken X v hai amin no, n chc, mch h Y, Z (MY< MZ). t chy hon
ton mt lng M cn dng 21 lt O2 sinh ra 11,2 lt CO2 (cc th tch kh u o ktc). Cng thc
ca Y l:
A. CH3NH2.
B. CH3CH2CH2NH2. C. C2H5NH2.
D. CH3CH2NHCH3.
1
2
3
Cu 5:Trong t nhin, hiro c 3 ng v l 1H, 1H, 1H. Nit c 2 ng v l 147N, 157N. Hy cho
bit c bao nhiu loi phn t amoniac c th to nn t cc ng v :
A. 20
B. 18
C. 12
D. 15
Cu 6: t chy hon ton 3,42 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat v axit
oleic, ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d). Sau phn ng thu c 18 gam
kt ta v dung dch X. Khi lng X so vi khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 ban u thay i nh
th no?
A. Tng 2,70 gam.
B. Gim 7,74 gam. C. Tng 7,92 gam.
D. Gim 7,38 gam.
Cu 7: Cho cc cht sau y:
H2NCH2CONHCH2CONHCH2COOH
H2NCH2CONHCH(CH3) COOH
H2NCH2CH2CONHCH2CH2COOH
H2NCH2CH2CONHCH2COOH
H2NCH2COHNCH2CONHCH(CH3)COOH
C bao nhiu cht thuc loi ipepit:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1

(X)
(Y)
(Z)
(T)
(U)
D. 4.
Trang 71/305

Cu 8: Thy phn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c
dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi mt
lng d dung dch nc brom th s mol Br2 phn ng ti a l:
A. 0,025.
B. 0,0325.
C. 0,04.
D. 0,0475.
Cu 9: Cho 26,7 gam hn hp X gm hai amino axit l NH2CH2CH2COOH v CH3CH(NH2)COOH
tc dng vi V ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch Y. Bit dung dch Y tc dng va vi
500 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 500.
B. 300.
C. 200.
D. 150.
Cu 10: Hn hp gm anehit acrylic v mt anehit n chc X. t chy hon ton 21,5 gam hn
hp trn cn va ht 28,7 lt kh oxi (ktc). Cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 106,25 gam kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. C2H3CHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 11: C cc tiu phn sau: O2, Al3+, Ca, Mg. Hy sp xp cc tiu phn trn theo chiu gim dn
kch thc (bn knh).
A. Mg > Ca > Al3+> O2.

B. Ca > Mg > Al3+> O2.

C. Mg > Ca > O2> Al3+.

D. Ca > Mg > O2> Al3+.

Cu 12: Cho 0,15mol este X mch h vo 150 gam dung dch NaOH 8%, un nng phn ng thu
phn este xy ra hon ton thu c 165 gam dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c 22,2 gam
cht rn khan. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ca X tho mn iu kin trn:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 13: B dng c hnh bn c th dng iu ch kh Clo trong phng th nghim. Cc dung
dch C v D ln lt ng dung dch NaCl bo ha v H2SO4 c. Vai tr ca cc dung dch ny ln
lt l:
A
E
B

A. loi b kh HCl v hi H2O


B. loi b hi nc v kh HCl
C. gi li kh Cl2
D. loi b kh O2 v hi nc
Cu 14:Hiu ng nh knh l h qu ca:
A. s ph hy ozon trn tng kh quyn
B. s lu gi bc x hng ngoi bi lng d kh cacbonic trn kh quyn
C. s chuyn ng xanh duy tr trong s bo tn rng
D. s hin din ca lu hunh oxit trong kh quyn
Cu 15: Cho cc phn t: C2H2, CO2, H2O, NH3, BF3. Phn t phn cc nht l:
A. CO2.

B. BF3.

C. H2O.

D. NH3.
Trang 72/305

Cu 16: Amino axit X cha a nhm COOH v b nhm NH2. Cho 1 mol X tc dng ht vi dung
dch HCl thu c 169,5 gam mui. Cho 1 mol X tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH th thu c 177
gam mui. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C4H7NO4
B. C5H7NO2
C. C3H7NO2
D. C4H6N2O2
Cu 17: Pht biu no sau y l ng:
A. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam.
B. Etylamin phn ng vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh.
C. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng.
D. Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui iazoni.
Cu 18:C 3 l ng 3 cht bt ring bit: Al, Al2O3 v Fe. C th nhn bit 3 l trn bng mt thuc
th duy nht l:
A. dung dch NaOH B. dung dch FeCl2 C. H2O
D. dung dch HCl
Cu 19: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp gm C17H35COOH, C17H33COOH, C17H31COOH v
C15H31COOH; s loi cht bo (cha ng thi ba gc axit bo khc nhau) ti a c th to thnh
l:
A. 10.
B. 12.
C. 24.
D. 40.
Cu 20: Xenluloz tc dng vi anhirit axetic (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) to ra 9,84 gam xenluloz
axetat X v 4,8 gam CH3COOH. Cng thc ca X l:
A. [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)3]n.
B. [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)2OH]n.
C. [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)(OH)2]n.
D. [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)3]n v [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)2OH]n.
Cu 21: Cho 11,2 lt hn hp X gm Clo v Oxi phn ng va vi 16,98 gam hn hp Y gm Mg
v Al to ra 42,34 gam hn hp sn phm. Thnh phn khi lng ca Mg, Al trong hn hp Y ln
lt l:
A. 77,74% ; 22,26%.
B. 48% ; 52%.
C. 43,12% ; 56,88%.
D. 75% ; 25%.
Cu 22: Hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t C9H12. Bit X khng lm mt mu dung dch nc
Brom. S CTCT c th c ca X l:
A. 8.
B. 7.
C. 10.
D. 9.
Cu 23: Cho cc dung dch ring bit cha cc cht sau y: anilin (1); metylamin (2); glyxin (3); axit
glutamic (4); lysin (5); H2N-CH2COONa (6); valin (7); alanin (8). S dung dch lm qu tm ho xanh
l:
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 24: Thu phn triglixerit X trong NaOH ngi ta thu c hn hp hai mui gm natrioleat v
natristearat theo t l mol ln lt l 2 : 1. Khi t chy a mol X thu c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O.
Lin h gia a, b, c l:
A. b c = 4a.
B. b c = 2a.
C. b c = 3a.
D. b = c a.
Cu 25: Nung 11,2 gam Fe v 26 gam Zn vi mt lng S d. Sn phm ca phn ng c cho vo
trong dung dch H2SO4 long d, ton b kh sinh ra c dn vo dung dch CuSO4 10% (d = 1,2
g/ml). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Th tch ti thiu ca dung dch CuSO 4 cn hp th kh
sinh ra l:
A. 500 ml.
B. 600 ml.
C. 700 ml.
D. 800 ml.
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Cu 26: Cho s sau: xenluloz


A. CH2=CHCOOC2H5.

Y
Z
T. Cng thc ca T l
B. CH3COOCH=CH2.

C. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D. CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 27: Tripeptit M v tetrapeptit u c to ra t mt -amino axit X mch h, phn t c mt
nhm -NH2. Phn trm khi lng ca N trong X l 18,667%. Thu phn khng hon ton m gam hn
hp M, (t l mol 1 : 1) trong mi trng axit thu c 0,945 gam M ; 4,62 gam ipeptit v 3,75
gam X. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,389.
B. 58,725.
C. 5,580.
D. 9,315.
Cu 28: CO2 khng chy v khng duy tr s chy ca nhiu cht nn thng c dng dp tt
cc m chy. Tuy nhin khng c dng CO2 dp tt cc m chy no di y:
A. m chy do xng, du.
B. m chy do r r kh ga, chp in.
C. m chy cc ca hng bn st, thp. D. m chy cc ca hng bn nhm, magie.
Cu 29: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch K[Al(OH)4] xM. Khi lng kt ta thu
c ph thuc vo V (ml) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca a v x ln lt l:
A. 1,56 v 0,2
B. 0,78 v 0,1
C. 0,2 v 0,2
D. 0,2 v 0,78

Cu 30: Cng thc tng qut ca anehit 2 chc, no, mch h l:


A. CnH2nO2
B. CnH2n-2O2
C. CnH2n+2O2
D. CnH2n-2O4
Cu 31: Cho cc polime sau: (1) PE; (2) poli(vinyl clorua); (3) poli(metyl metacrylat); (4) PPF; (5)
polistiren; (6) poli(vinyl axetat), (7) nilon-7; (8) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (9) t nitron; (10) t capron;
(11) cao su buna-S; (12) cao su cloropren; (13) keo dn ure-fomanehit. S polime l sn phm ca
phn ng trng ngng l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
Cu 32: un nng hn hp gm: 22,5 gam glyxin; 17,8 gam alanin; 11,7 gam valin, vi xc tc thch
hp, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam hn hp X gm 6 tripeptit. Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,8 gam.
B. 52 gam.
C. 43 gam.
D. 41,2 gam.
Cu 33: Cho cc cu sau:
(1) PVC l cht v nh hnh.
(2) Keo h tinh bt c to ra bng cch ha tan tinh bt trong nc.
(3) Poli(metyl metacrylat) c c tnh trong sut, cho nh sng truyn qua.
(4) Nha novolac l cht rn, kh nng chy, kh tan trong dung mi hu c.
(5) Vt liu compozit c bn, chu nhit tt hn polime thnh phn.
(6) Cao su thin nhin khng dn in, c th tan trong xng, benzen v c tnh do.
(7) T nitron bn v gi nhit tt nn thng c dng dt vi may o m.
S nhn nh khng ng l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.

Trang 74/305

Cu 34: Cho hn hp gm 3,36 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm
H2SO4 1,0M v NaNO3 0,35M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,0M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta
thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 105.
B. 160.
C. 165.
D. 200.
Cu 35:t chy hon ton 13,36 gam hn hp X gm axit metacylic, axit adipic, axit axetic v
glixerol (trong s mol axit metacylic bng s mol axit axetic) bng O 2 d thu c hn hp Y gm
kh v hi. Dn Y vo dung dch cha 0,38 mol Ba(OH)2 thu c 49,25 gam kt ta v dugn dch Z.
un nng Z li thy xut hin kt ta. Cho 13,36 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 140ml dung dch KOH
1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 19,04 gam
B. 18,68 gam
C. 14,44 gam
D. 13,32 gam
Cu 36: Cho phn ng oxi ha kh: As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO. Tng h s
cn bng ca phn ng trn l:
A. 105.
B. 43.
C. 27.
D. 78.
Cu 37: Oxi ha 4,0 gam ancol n chc Z bng O2 (c mt xc tc) thu c 5,6 gam hn hp X
gm anehit, ancol d v nc. Tn ca Z v hiu sut phn ng l
A. metanol; 80%.
B. etanol; 80%.
C. metanol; 75%.
D. etanol; 75%.
Cu 38: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, Al2O3, Zn, K2CO3, K2SO4. C bao
nhiu cht trong dy va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 39: Cho cc cht sau: ancol etylic (1), etylamin (2), metylamin (3), axit axetic (4). Chiu sp xp
cc cht c nhit si tng dn l:
A. (2) < (1) < (4) < (3).
B. (3) < (2) < (1) < (4).
C. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1).
D. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4).
Cu 40: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3-v Cl, trong s mol ca ion Cl l 0,1. Cho
1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 1/2 dung dch X
cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n cn
dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,21.
B. 9,26.
C. 8,79.
D. 7,47.
Cu 41: Cho dy cc cht: benzyl axetat, vinyl axetat, metyl fomat, anlyl clorua, phenyl fomat,
isopropyl clorua, triolein. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh
ra ancol l:
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 42: Khi lng xenluloz v khi lng HNO3 cn dng sn xut 1,00 tn xenluloz trinitrat
ln lt l (bit hiu sut l 85%):
A. 545,5 kg v 636,4 kg.
B. 641,7 kg v 636,4 kg.
C. 641,7 kg v 748,7 kg.
D. 545,5 kg v 748,7 kg.
Cu 43: Cho cc polime: bakelit (1); amilopectin (2); poli(ure-fomanehit) (3); cao su lu ha (4);
thy tinh hu c (5); glicogen (6); PVC (7). S lng polime c mch khng phn nhnh, phn nhnh
v mng khng gian ln lt l:
A. 2; 2; 3.
B. 2; 3; 2.
C. 3; 3; 1.
D. 3; 2; 2.

Trang 75/305


2C(k); H < 0. Cn tin hnh bin php
Cu 44: Mt phn ng ha hc c dng: 2A(k) + B(k)

no cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun:


A. Tng p sut chung ca h.
B. Gim nhit .
C. Dng cht xc tc thch hp.
D. Tng p sut chung v gim nhit ca h.
Cu 45: un nng hn hp kh gm 0,06 mol C2H2 v 0,04 mol H2 vi xc tc Ni, sau mt thi
gianthu c hn hp kh Y. Dn ton b hn hp Y li t t qua bnh ng dung dch brom (d) th
cnli 0,448 lt hn hp kh Z ( ktc) c t khi so vi O2 l 0,5. Khi lng bnh dung dch brom
tngl:
A. 1,20 gam.
B. 1,04 gam.
C. 1,64 gam.
D. 1,32 gam.
Cu 46: S ng phn amino axit c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 47:T 4,65 kg photpho iu ch c bao nhiu lit dung dch H3PO4 2M (hiu sut ton b qu
trnh l 80%):
A. 60 lit
B. 80 lit
C. 40 lit
D. 70 lit
Cu 48: Cho cc dung dch cha cc cht tan: glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, mantoz, axit fomic,
glixerol, vinyl axetat, anehit fomic. S dung dch va ho tan Cu(OH)2 va lm mt mu nc brom
l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 49: Cho 0,1 mol cht X (CH6O3N2) tc dng vi dd cha 0,2 mol NaOH un nng thu c cht
kh lm xanh giy qu tm m v dd Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,5.
B. 12,5.
C. 15.
D. 21,8.
Cu 50: em trng hp 10 mol vinyl axetat, thu c 688 gam poli(vinyl axetat), PVA. Hiu sut ca
qu trnh trng hp l:
A. 100%.
B. 90%.
C. 80%.
D. 70%.

--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.

Trang 76/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 14

H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm metan, propen v buta - 1,3 - ien c chia thnh hai phn vi m1 - m2 =
13,1 gam.
- t chy hon ton phn 1 thu c 15,3 gam H2O.
- t chy hon ton phn 2 thu c 83,6 gam CO2.
Gi tr ca m1 l:
A. 37 gam
B. 38 gam
C. 39 gam

D. 36 gam

Cu 2: Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i cho cn bng sau: 3A (k) 2B (k). Khi tng nhit ca
phn ng, t khi hi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 tng ln. Khng nh no sau y ng:
A. Phn ng thun thu nhit; khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng
nghch
B. Phn ng thun ta nhit; khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng
thun
C. Phn ng thun thu nhit; khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng
thun
D. Phn ng thun ta nhit; khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng
nghch
Cu 3: Nguyn t X c ha tr trong oxit cao nht bng ha tr trong hp cht kh vi hiro v phn
trm khi lng ca X trong oxit cao nht l 46,667%. Vy X l:
A. S
B. C
C. N
D. Si
o

Cu 4: Nguyn t Zn c bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nguyn t ln lt l 1,38 A ; 65g/mol.


Cc nguyn t Zn chim 72,5% th tch ton tinh th, cn li l khe trng. Tnh khi lng ring ca
tinh th Zn:
A. 7,11g/cm3
B. 7,21g/cm3
C. 7,31g/cm3
D. 7,41g/cm3
Cu 5: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Zn v Cu tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c
dung dch Y (khng c mui amoni) v 11,2 lit (ktc) hn hp kh Z gm N2, N2O, NO, NO2 trong
N2 v NO2 c % th tch bng nhau, t khi ca Z so vi He l 8,9. S mol HNO3 phn ng l
A. 3,0
B. 2,8
C. 3,4
D. 3,2
Cu 6: Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xetn sai:
A. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm bn.
B. Anehit fomic tc dng c vi nc to thnh sn phm khng bn.
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C. Oxi ha etilen iu kin thch hp thu c etanal.


D. Axeton v axetanehit u phn ng c vi nc brom.
Cu 7: Cho cc cp dung dch sau: (1) BaCl2 v Na2CO3; (2) NaOH v AlCl3; (3) BaCl2 v NaHSO4;
(4) Ba(OH)2 v H2SO4; (5) AlCl3 v K2CO3; (6) Pb(NO3)2 v Na2S. Nhng cp no xy ra phn ng
khi trn cc dung dch trong tng cp vi nhau:
A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
C. 1, 2, 4, 6
D. 1, 2, 4
Cu 8:Trn 100 ml dd NaOH 2,5M vi 100 ml dd H3PO4 1,6M thu c dd X. Xc nh cc cht tan
c trong dd X.
A. Na3PO4 v NaOH
B. Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4
C. Na2HPO4 v NaH2PO4
D. NaH2PO4 v H3PO4
Cu 9: Cho cc polime sau:nha bakelit, xenluloz, amilopectin, cao su thin nhin, t capron,
amiloz. S polime c cu trc mch khng phn nhnh l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 6.
Cu 10:Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Clo ch th hin tnh oxi ha, khng c tnh kh
(b) Cn iot c s dng lm thuc st trng
(c) Trong cng nghip, brom c sn xut t nc bin
(d) Lc axit gim dn theo th t: HF, HCl, HBr, HI
Trong cc pht biu trn, pht biu ng l:
A. (a) v (b)
B. (b) v (c)
C. (a) v (d)
D. (b) v (d)
Cu 11: Thy phn ht 1 lng pentapeptit X trong mi trng axit thu c 32,88 gam AlaGly
AlaGly; 10,85 gam AlaGlyAla; 16,24 gam AlaGlyGly; 26,28 gam AlaGly; 8,9 gam Alanin cn
li l GlyGly v Glyxin. T l s mol GlyGly : Gly l 1:10. Tng khi lng GlyGly v Glyxin
trong hn hp sn phm l:
A. 30,87 gam.
B. 28,8 gam.
C. 29,7 gam.
D. 13,95 gam.
Cu 12: Cho 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) hp th ht trong 1,0 lt dd Ba(OH)2 a M v NaOH bM th thu c
39,4 gam kt ta. Mt khc, cho 13,44 lt CO2 (ktc) hp th ht trong 1,0 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 aM
v NaOH bM th thu c 19,7 gam kt ta. Vy gi tr ca a v b tng ng l:
A. 0,2 v 0,3
B. 0,2 v 0,4
C. 0,3 v 0,1
D. 0,3 v 0,2
Cu 13: Cho s sau: CaCO3 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 cao su buna. Trong s trn c
bao nhiu cht hu c:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 6.
Cu 14: Cho m gam kim loi K vo 230ml dung dch HCl 2M thu c dung dch B v kh C. Bit
dung dch B c th ha tan ht 12,15 gam ZnO. Gi tr ca nh nht ca m l
A. 11,7 gam.
B. 6,24 gam.
C. 29,64 gam.
D. 3,9 gam.
Cu 15: Cho cc dung dch cha cc cht tan: glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, mantoz, axit fomic,
glixerol, vinyl axetat, anehit fomic. S dung dch va ho tan Cu(OH)2 va lm mt mu nc brom
l
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 16: Cho phng trnh ho hc: Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + NxOy + H2O. Sau khi cn bng phng
trnh ho hc trn vi h s ca cc cht l nhng s nguyn, ti gin th h s ca HNO3 l
A. 15x - 6y
B. 5x - 2y
C. 18x - 4y
D. 18x - 6y
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Cu 17: Nung hn hp X gm Al, Fe2O3, CuO v NiO nhit cao thu c hn hp Y. Cho hn
hp Y vo dd H2SO4 c, nng thu c 10,08 lt SO2 (ktc). Tnh khi lng Al c trong hn hp X
A. 2,7 gam
B. 8,1 gam
C. 10,8 gam
D. 5,4 gam
Cu 18:Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, K, Ca, Ba. Ha tan hon ton mi kim loi vo nc d, kim loi
to ra s mol H2 ln nht l:
A. Ba
B. Na
C. K
D. Ca
Cu 19: Cho t t kh A vo dung dch cha cht B thy ban u c kt ta, lng kt ta ln dn sau
khng tan. A v B tng ng l
A. HCl v NaAlO2 B. NH3 v ZnSO4
C. CO2 v Ca(OH)2 D. SO2 v H2S
Cu 20: Cho 12,7 gam FeCl2 vo dd H2SO4 long d thu c dd X. Tnh th tch dd KMnO4 0,5M
cn ly tc dng ht vi FeCl2 trong X:
A. 0,24 lt
B. 0,12 lt
C. 0,15 lt
D. 0,18 lt
Cu 21: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to l ankadien mch nhnh lin hp c cng thc phn t l
C6H10:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3.
Cu 22:t chy hon ton hidrocacbon X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l th tch tng ng l 6:7.
Bit X cha 2 nguyn t C bc III. Tn thay th ca X l:
A. 2-metylpentan
B. 3-metylpentan
C. 2,3-imetylpentan
D. 2,3-imetylbutan
Cu 23: Cho kim loi kim M vo 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc) v dung
dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta c khi lng l:
A. 23,3 gam
B. 39,4 gam
C. 62,7 gam
D. 43,0 gam
Cu 24: Cho s sau: Fe X1 X2 X3 Fe. Vi X1, X2, X3 l cc hp cht st (II). Vy X1, X2,
X3 tng ng vi dy cht no sau y ?
A. FeS, Fe(NO3)2, FeCl2
B. Fe(NO3)2, FeCl2, FeSO4
C. FeCl2, FeCO3, FeSO4
D. FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeCl2
Cu 25: Cho cc phn ng sau:
- Nhm cacbua phn ng vi nc (1);
- Canxi cacbua phn ng vi dung dch HCl (2);
- Natri axetat tc dng vi vi ti xt (3);
- Bc axetilua phn ng vi dung dch HCl (4);
- un nng metanol vi H2SO4 c 170oC (5);
- un nng etanol vi H2SO4 c 170oC (6).
C bao nhiu trng hp to ra hirocacbon
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5
D. 4
Cu 26: Hp cht hu c X mch h c cng thc phn t l C5H9Cl. Thy phn X trong nc nng
thu c hp cht hu c Y. Oxi ha Y thu c hp cht hu c Z. Z khng c phn ng trng
gng. Vy X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 5
D. 4
Cu 27: Cho axit cacboxylic X tc dng vi cht Y thu c cht hu c Z c cng thc phn t l
C3H9O2N. Z c tnh cht lng tnh. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu cp X, Y tho mn ?
A. 4
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
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Cu 28:Cho 0,02mol -amino axit X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,04mol NaOH. Mt khc
0,02mol X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,02mol HCl thu c 3,67 gam mui. Cng thc ca
X l:
A. CH3CH(NH2)-COOH
B. HOOC-CH2CH(NH2)-COOH
C. HOOC-CH2CH2CH(NH2)-COOH
D. H2N-CH2CH(NH2)-COOH
Cu 29:Cho cc nguyn t X (Z = 7) v Y (Z = 15). Pht biu no sau y l sai:
A. Y l cht rn iu kin thng
B. X l thnh phn chnh ca kh quyn tri t
C. Y km hot ng hn X iu kin thng
D. X tc dng c vi Mg nhit cao
Cu 30: Cho 0,5 lt hn hp gm hirocacbon v kh cacbonic vo 2,5 lt oxi (ly d) ri t. Th tch
ca hn hp thu c sau khi t l 3,4 lt. Cho hn hp qua thit b lm lnh, th tch hn hp kh cn
li 1,8 lt v cho li qua dung dch KOH d ch cn 0,5 lt kh. Th tch cc kh c o trong cng
iu kin. Tn gi ca hirocacbon l
A. propan
B. xiclobutan
C. propen
D. xiclopropan
Cu 31:Th tnh tan ca kh X trong nc bng cch p ngc bnh ng kh c ng vut nhn xuyn
qua vo chu nc c pha phenolphtalein. Kt qu th nghim c m t nh nh hnh v:

X l kh no trong cc kh sau y:
A. N2
B. HCl
C. CO2
D. NH3
Cu 32: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm CxHyCOOH, CxHyCOOCH3 v CH3OH thu
c 2,688 lit CO2 (ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi
30ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 0,96 gam CH3OH. Cng thc ca CxHyCOOH l:
A. C2H3COOH
B. CH3COOH
C. C3H5COOH
D. C2H5COOH
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton 28,8 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, ancol propylic v p crezol trong
hexan ri cho Na d vo th thu c 4,48 lit H2 (ktc). Lng p crezol trong hn hp bng
A. 0,1mol
B. 0,2mol
C. 0,3mol
D. 0,4mol
Cu 34: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi H2
bng 23. Cho m gam X qua ng s CuO d nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2g. Cho Y tc dng hon ton
vi lng d dd AgNO3/NH3, to ra 48,6g Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan-1-ol trong X l
A. 16,3%
B. 12,5%
C. 83,7%
D. 48,9%
Cu 35: C 6 ng nghim, mi ng nghim cha 1 trong cc dung dch sau: glixerol, glucoz, lng
trng trng, axit fomic, natri hidroxit, axit axetic. phn bit 6 dung dich ny ch cn dng mt thuc
th l
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A. u tm
B. CuSO4
C. AgNO3/NH3
D. Br2
Cu 36:Phn ng thy phn este no, n chc, mch h trong mi trng axit khng c c im no
sau y:
A. l phn ng thun nghch
B. sn phm gm axit v ancol
C. l phn ng mt chiu
D. xy ra khi c xc tc axit, un nng
Cu 37: Cho 32,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 un vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c
0,15 mol NO2 v 0,1 mol NO. Tnh s mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng:
A. 1,60 mol
B. 1,65 mol
C. 1,70 mol
D. 1,75 mol
Cu 38: Cho cc th nghim sau y:
(1) Nung hn hp NaNO2 v NH4Cl
(2) in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi hai in cc tr
(3) Dn kh NH3 qua CuO nung nng
(4) Nhit phn Ba(NO3)2
(5) Cho kh F2 tc dng vi H2O
(6) H2O2 tc dng vi KNO2
(7) Cho kh O3 tc dng vi dung dch KI (8) in phn NaOH nng chy
(9) Dn hi nc qua than nng
(10) Nhit phn KMnO4
S th nghim thu c kh oxi l:
A. 5
B. 7
C. 4
D. 6
Cu 39: Cho 5 gam bt Mg vo dung dch hn hp KNO3 v H2SO4, un nh, trong iu kin thch
hp, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A cha m gam mui; 1,792 lt hn hp kh
B (ktc) gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu ngoi khng kh v cn li 0,44 gam
cht rn khng tan. Bit t khi hi ca B i vi H2 l 11,5. Gi tr ca m l
A. 36,04
B. 27,96
C. 31,08
D. 29,34
Cu 40: Cho phn ng sau:
C6H5-CH2-CH2-CH3 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 C6H5COOH + CH3COOH + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O
Xc nh tng h s cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng. Bit rng chng l cc s nguyn ti gin
vi nhau:
A. 14
B. 18
C. 15
D. 20
Cu 41:Cho cc hp cht n chc mch h c CTPT l C2H4O2 tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3,
AgNO3/NH3,t0. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 6
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
Cu 42: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(1) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeSO4
(2) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuSO4
(3) Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Na2SiO3
(4) Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2
(5) Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3
(6) Nh t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s th nghim thu c kt ta l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 43: Cht hu c X c cha vng benzen v c cng thc phn t l C9H10O. X khng c phn
ng trng gng v khng tc dng vi Na. Hiro ho hon ton X thu c cht hu c Y. Y tc
dng vi Na. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
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Cu 44: Nhit phn cc cht sau trong khng kh: KClO3, Fe(OH)2, KNO3, NH4NO2, H2O2, KMnO4,
NaHCO3. S trng hp xy ra phn ng thuc loi oxi ho - kh ni phn t l
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 45: C cc dung dch sau (dung mi nc): metylamin (1); anilin (2); amoniac (3); HOOCCH(NH2)-COOH (4); H2N-CH2-CH(COOH)-NH2(5), lysin (6), axit glutamic (7). Cc cht lm qu
tm chuyn thnh mu xanh l:
A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5)
B. (1), (2), (3), (5)
C. (1), (3), (5), (6)
D. (1), (2), (3)
Cu 46: Cho a gam bt Al vo dd cha 0,2 mol AgNO3; 0,15 mol Cu(NO3)2 v 0,1 mol Fe(NO3)3 thu
c dd X v kt ta Y. Hy la chn gi tr ca a di y kt ta Y thu c cha 3 kim loi
A. 2,7 gam
B. 4,5 gam
C. 6,75 gam
D. 10,8 gam
Cu 47 : Nhm cc vt liu c iu ch t polime to ra do phn ng trng hp l:
A. T nilon-6,6, poli(metyl metacrylat), thu tinh plexiglas, t nitron
B. Cao su, t lapsan, thu tinh plexiglas, poli(vinyl clorua), t nitron
C. T lapsan, t axetat, thu tinh plexiglas, poli(vinyl clorua), polietilen
D. Cao su, t capron, thu tinh plexiglas, poli(vinyl clorua), t nitron
Cu 48: Ho tan hon ton 9,2 gam qung cancopirit (CuFeS2) trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Tnh
th tch kh SO2 thot ra (ktc). Bit Cu, Fe v S trong qung cancopirit b oxi ha n Cu+2, Fe+3 v
S+4.
A. 7,28 lt
B. 19,04 lt
C. 14,56 lt
D. 9,52 lt
Cu 49:Cho 0,1mol anehit X phn ng ti a vi 0,3mol H2 thu c 9 gam ancol. Mt khc 2,1 gam
X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 21,6
B. 10,8
C. 5,4
D. 16,2
Cu 50: Rt t t dung dch NaHSO4 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch NaAlO2 0,2M. Khi lng kt ta
thu c ph thuc vo V (ml) dung dch NaHSO4 nh sau: Gi tr ca a l:
A. 1000
B. 800
C. 900
D. 1200

Trang 82/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 15

H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Ha tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long, thu c
dung dch X v 3,136 lt ( ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu
trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Nu cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X v un
nng, khng c kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l
A. 11,37%
B. 11,54%
C. 18,28%
D. 12,80%
Cu 2: linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm OH ca cc cht C2H5OH (1), C6H5OH (2), H2O
(3), HCOOH (4), CH3COOH (5) tng dn theo th t no:
A. (3)<(2)<(1)<(5)<(4)
B. (5)<(4)<(2)<(1)<(3)
C. (1)<(3)<(2)<(4)<(5)
D. (1)<(3)<(2)<(5)<(4)
Cu 3: Cho cc khng nh sau:
(1) Phn ng to este ca glucoz vi anhirit axetic chng minh glucoz c mch cacbon khng phn
nhnh.
(2) Saccaroz ch c cu trc dng mch vng.
(3) Phn ng tch nc t ancol no, n chc bc 1 (H2SO4, 1800C) ta thu c duy nht mt olefin.
(4) HNO3 c nng ha tan c SiO2.
(5) Khi t chy hon ton mt axit no, n chc hay mt este no, n chc u thu c s mol CO 2
bng s mol H2O.
(6) Ancol no, n chc hay ete no, n chc c CTT l CnH2n+2O.
(7). Oxi ha ancol bc 1 vi CuO lun thu c anehit tng ng.
S khng nh ng l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 5
Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Na2O, BaO. Ha tan ht 107,9 gam hn hp X vo nc thu c
7,84 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch kim Y trong c 28 gam NaOH. Hp th 17,92 lt kh SO2 (ktc) vo
dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 130,2 gam
B. 173,6 gam
C. 108,5 gam
D. 21,7 gam
Cu 5: Cho 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 400ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,25M v K2CO3 0,4M c dung
dch X. Cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta, lc ly kt ta em nung n khi
lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 21,67
B. 9,18
C. 71,91
D. 48,96
Cu 6: Cho cc cht: CH3COONH4; Na2CO3; Ba(OH)2; Al2O3; CH3COONa; C6H5ONa; Zn(OH)2;
NH4Cl; KHCO3; NH4HSO4; Al; (NH4)2CO3. S cht khi cho vo dung dch HCl hay dung dch NaOH
u cho phn ng l
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A. 7
B. 9
C. 8
D. 6
Cu 7: Cho 16,0 gam Fe2O3 tc dng vi m gam Al ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp rn A.Cho A
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,1
B. 2,7
C. 5,4
D. 6,3
Cu 8: Cho cc cht: Fe; dung dch FeCl2; dung dch HCl; dung dch Fe(NO3)2; dung dch FeCl3; dung
dch AgNO3. Cho tng cp cht phn ng vi nhau th s phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ha kh
c th c l:
A. 4
B. 7
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 9: Cho 4,48 gam hn hp gm CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC6H5 (c t l mol 1:1) tc dng vi
800 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th khi lng cht rn thu
c l:
A. 5,60 gam
B. 4,88 gam
C. 6,40 gam
D. 3,28 gam
2+
2+
Cu 10: Dung dch A cha: 0,15 mol Ca , 0,6 mol Cl , 0,1 mol Mg , a mol HCO3-, 0,4 mol Ba2+. C
cn dung dch A thu c cht rn B. Nung B trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m
gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 102,2
B. 127,2
C. 90,1
D. 105,5
Cu 11: Cho 8,4 gam st tan ht vo dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 2,688 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 30,72 g
B. 29,04 g
C. 36,30 g
D. 32,40 g
Cu 12: a mol cht bo X c th cng hp ti a vi 4a mol Br2. t chy hon ton a mol X thu c
b mol H2O v V lt kh CO2 (ktc). Biu thc lin h gia V vi a,b l:
A. V = 22,4(4a-b)
B. V = 22,4(b+3a)
C. V = 22,4(b+6a)
D. V = 22,4(b+7a)
Cu 13: Mui A c cng thc l C3H10O3N2.Ly 10,98 gam A phn ng ht vi 200 ml dung dch
KOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng th c phn hi v phn cht rn, trong phn hi c 1
cht hu c bc 3, trong phn rn ch l cht v c. Khi lng phn hi thu c l:
A. 5,31 g
B. 11,52 g
C. 1,62 g
D. 6,93 g
Cu 14: Dy cc kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm khi l
A. Ca, Sr, Ba
B. Na, K, Ba
C. Na, K, Mg
D. Mg, Ca, Ba
Cu 15: Ha tan 20,8 gam hn hp bt gm FeS, FeS2, S bng dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c
53,76 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
(d), lc ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c
l:
A. 9g
B. 8,2g
C. 10,7g
D. 16g
Cu 16: Cho m gam hn hp X gm axit glutamic v alanin tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Sau phn
ng lm bay hi cn thn dung dch thu c (m + 11,68) gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X
tc dng vi dung dch KOH va , sau phn ng lm bay hi cn thn dung dch thu c (m + 19)
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 36,6 gam
B. 38,92 gam
C. 38,61 gam
D. 35,4 gam
Cu 17: t chy hon ton hn hp X (glucoz, fructoz, axit etanoic) cn 4,48 lt O2 (ktc). Dn
sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, sau phn ng hon ton thu c m gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 20
B. 12
C. 15
D. 20,5
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Cu 18: Cho cc polime sau: t nilon-6,6, poli(vinyl clorua), thy tinh plexiglas, teflon, nha novolac,
t visco, t nitron, cao su buna. Trong , s polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp l
A. 5
B. 4
C. 6
D. 7
Cu 19:Hin tng no di y khng xy ra trong th nghim:

A. CuO t mu en chuyn sang mu


B. Bng t mu trng chuyn sang mu xanh
C. Dung dch nc vi b vn c
D. Nc vi b ht ngc theo ng dn.
Cu 20:Dy Cu co sch cm vo bnh hoa th hoa s ti lu hn v:
A. C to ra mt s ion Cu2+ c tc dng dit khun.
B. Cung cp nguyn t vi lng cn thit cho hoa.
C. Cu kch thch qu trnh tng trng ca hoa.
D. Nguyn nhn khc.
Cu 21:Phn ng tng hp amoniac trong cng nghip xy ra theo phng trnh: N2 + 3H2 2NH3;
H < 0. Mun tng hiu sut to sn phm cn:
A. Tng nhit v gim p sut
B. Gim nhit v tng p sut
C. Tng nhit v tng p sut
D. Gim nhit v gim p sut
Cu 22: iu no sau y khng ng:
A. Cht do l nhng vt liu b bin dng di tc dng ca nhit v p sut m vn gi
nguyn dng khi thi tc dng.
B. T visco, t axetat l nhng t tng hp.
C. Nilon-6,6 v t capron l poliamit
D. T tm, bng, len l polime thin nhin
Cu 23: Cho cc cht v ion sau: Cl-, NH3, Na, HCl, O2-, Fe2+, SO2, Cl2. Cc cht v ion ch th hin
c tnh kh trong phn ng oxi ha - kh l
A. Na, O2-, NH3, HCl
B. Cl-, Na, O2-, NH3, Fe2+
C. Cl-, Na, O2D. Na, O2-, NH3, HCl, Fe2+
Cu 24: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch NaAlO2 0,2M. Khi lng kt ta thu
c ph thuc vo V (l) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca b v a ln lt l:
A. 1 v 0,2
B. 0,2 v 1,2
C. 0,4 v 1,6
D. 0,4 v 1,2

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Cu 25: Cho 36,56 gam hn hp X gm Cu v FeCO3 vo dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy
u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c kh NO; 448 ml CO2; dung dch Y v 22,4 gam
kim loi. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng cht rn khan l:
A. 38,82
B. 36,24
C. 39,62
D. 38,38
Cu 26:Cht c dng lm kh kh clo m l:
A. CaO
B. Na2SO3 khan
C. dd NaOH c
D. dd H2SO4 c
Cu 27:Mt nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi H c dng RH3. Nguyn t ny chim 25,93% khi
lng trong oxit cao nht. R l:
A. Al
B. N
C. P
D. As
Cu 28: Trn ancol C3H7OH vi axit CH3COOH ri chia thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc
dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn 2 un nng cho xy ra phn ng este ha, sau
mt thi gian, ngui ri cho tc dng ht vi Na, thu c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). S gam este to thnh
l:
A. 5,1 gam
B. 10,2 gam
C. 15,3 gam
D. 20,4 gam
Cu 29: C cc pht biu sau y:
1) Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
2) Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
3) Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
4) Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom.
5) Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng.
6) dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm -OH k nhau.
7) Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom.
8) Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm -OH u to ete vi CH3OH.
S nhn nh ng l:
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 7.
Cu 30: X phng ha hon ton m gam mt este n chc A bng 200ml dung dch KOH 1M. C
cn dung dch sau phn ng c 19,3 gam cht rn khan v hi mt ancol B. Oxi ha B bng lng
d CuO, sn phm thu c em trng bc hon ton thu c 64,8 gam Ag. Khi lng m v cng
thc ca A l:
A. 12,9 g v C2H3COOCH3
B. 13,2 g v C2H5COOCH3
C. 17,2 g v C2H3COOCH3
D. 26,4 g v CH3COOC2H5
Cu 31: Hn hp X gm c C2H5OH. C2H5COOH, CH3CHO trong C2H5OH chim 50% theo s
mol. t chy m gam hn hp X thu c 3,06 gam H2O v 3,136 lt CO2( ktc). Mt khc 13,2 gam
hn hp X thc hin phn ng trng bc thy c x gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 10,8 gam
B. 2,16 gam
C. 8,64 gam
D. 4,32 gam
Cu 32: Cho cc dung dch sau phn ng vi nhau tng i mt nhit thng: BaCl 2; NaHCO3;
Na2CO3; NaHSO4. S phn ng xy ra l
Trang 86/305

A. 2
B. 1
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 33: Cho cc cht lng sau: axit axetic, glixerol, triolein. phn bit cc cht lng trn, c th
ch cn dng:
A. Nc brom
B. Nc v qu tm
C. Nc v dung dch NaOH
D. NaOH
Cu 34: Ha tan ht m gam AlCl3 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110ml dung dch KOH 3M vo X,
thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 3M vo X th cng thu c a gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,685
B. 18,690
C. 17,710
D. 20,025
Cu 35: in phn vi (in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol, n khi
catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c
anot l
A. kh Cl2 v H2.
B. kh Cl2 v O2.
C. ch c kh Cl2.
D. kh H2 v O2.
Cu 36: X l tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Ala, Y l tripeptit Val-Gly-Val. un nng m gam hn hp X v
Y c t l s mol n X :n Y = 1:3 vi 780 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va ), sau khi phn ng kt thc thu
c dung dch Z. C cn dung dch thu c 94,98 gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 68,1g
B. 64,86g
C. 77,04g
D. 65,13g
Cu 37:Tn quc t ca ancol CH3 - CH(OH) - CH3 l:
A. Propan - 2 - ol
B. Ancol propylic
C. Ancol isopropylic D. Ancol sec - propylic
Cu 38: t chy hon ton hn hp gm hai este no, n chc mch h cn 5,68 g kh oxi v thu
c 3,248 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Cho hn hp este trn tc dng va vi KOH thu c hai ru l
ng ng k tip v 3,92 gam mui ca mt axit hu c. Cng thc cu to ca hai este l
A. C3H7COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5
B. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5
C. C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOCH3
D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5
Cu 39:Cho hn hp But 1 in v hiro d qua xc tc Pd/PbCO3 un nng, sn phm to ra l:
A. Butan
B. But 1 en
C. But 2 en
D. Isobutilen
Cu 40: Cho cc cht: FeCO3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4, FeS, CuS. S lng cht c th c kh
thot ra khi cho vo dung dch HCl v un nh l:
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5
D. 4
Cu 41: Cho cc cht: etilen; saccaroz; axetilen; fructoz; anehit axetic; tinh bt; axit fomic;
xenluloz; glucoz. S cht c th phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 l
A. 3
B. 7
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 42: Cho a gam bt Fe vo 400 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,4M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,8a gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca a v V ln lt l:
A. 30,8 v 2,24
B. 17,8 v 4,48
C. 20,8 v 4,48
D. 35,6 v 2,24
Cu 43: Hn hp X cha: K2O; NH4Cl; KHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol bng nhau. Cho X vo nc d
un nng, dung dch thu c cha cht tan l
A. KCl; BaCl2
B. KCl; KOH
C. KCl; KHCO3; BaCl2
D. KCl
Cu 44: Cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho dung dch X1. C cn X1 c cht rn X2 v hn
hp hi X3. chng ct X3 thu c X4. Cho X4 trng gng c sn phm X5. Cho X5 tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH li thu c X2. cng thc cu to ca X l:
Trang 87/305

A. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2

B. HCOOCHCHCH3

C. CH2CH-CH2-OCOH

D. CH2CH-OCOCH3

Cu 45:Cng thc chung ca amin no, n chc, mch h l:


A. CnH2n-1N (n 2) B. CnH2n-5N (n 6) C. CnH2n+1N (n 2) D. CnH2n+3N (n 1)
Cu 46: Cho Ba kim loi ln lt vo cc dung dch sau: NaHCO3, CuSO4, (NH4)2CO3, NaNO3,
MgCl2, Na2SiO3. S dung dch to kt ta l
A. 5
B. 4
C. 2
D. 3
Cu 47: Cho 50 ml dung dch A cha RCOOH v RCOOM (M: kim loi kim) vi tng s mol 2 cht
l 0,035 mol, tc dng vi 12ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,25 M. Sau phn ng trung ha dung dch cn
thm 3,75 gam dung dch HCl 14,6%. Sau c cn dung dch dch th thu c 5,4325 gam mui
khan. Nu em 50 ml dung dch A trn tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, phn ng hon
ton, c cn dung dch th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 2,87 gam.
B. 3,43 gam.
C. 3,39 gam.
D. 3,19 gam.
Cu 48: Khng th phn bit glucoz v saccaroz bng phn ng vi cht no sau y:
A. Cu(OH)2/OH-, t0 B. AgNO3/NH3
C. Na
D. Dung dch Br2
Cu 49: So snh no sau y khng ng khi ni v n mn in ha v s in phn:
A. Trong h phn ng u c dng in mt chiu
B. u din ra cc phn ng oxi ha- kh trn b mt cc in cc
C. anot u din ra qu trnh oxi ha, catot din ra qu trnh kh
D. Anot l cc dng, catot l cc m
Cu 50: S nguyn t m nguyn t ca n trng thi c bn c tng s electron trn cc phn lp s
bng 7 l:
A. 11
B. 1
C. 9
D. 3

Trang 88/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 16
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t: H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O =
16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn =
65; Br = 80; Rb = 85; Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.

Cu 1: Khi iu ch axetilen bng phng php nhit phn metan thu c hn hp X gm axetilen,
hiro v mt phn metan cha phn ng. T khi ca X so vi hiro bng 5. Hiu sut qu trnh
chuyn ha metan thnh axetilen l
A. 60%.
B. 40%.
C. 30%.
D. 70%.
Cu 2: Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 25. S electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nguyn t
X l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
Cu 3: Mt hn hp X gm K v Al c khi lng l 10,5 gam. Ho tan X trong nc th hn hp X
tan ht cho ra dung dch A. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A. Ban u khng c kt ta.
Khi th tch dung dch HCl 1M thm vo l 100 ml th bt u c kt ta. Khi lng K c trong X l:
A. 1,95 gam.
B. 7,8 gam.
C. 3,9 gam.
D. 5,85 gam.
Cu 4:Hn hp X gm 3 peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 3. Thy phn hon ton
m gam X, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 14,24 gam alanin v 8,19 gam valin. Bit tng s lin kt
peptit trong phn t ca ba peptit trong X nh hn 13. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 18,47
B. 18,83
C. 18,29
D. 19,19
Cu 5: Ho tan 14,2 gam hn hp X gm MgCO3 v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi M vo mt
lng va axit HCl 7,3% thu c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nng MgCl2 trong Y
l 6,028%. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch Y, lc ly kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n
khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m bng
A. 12,0 gam.
B. 8,0 gam.
C. 10,4 gam.
D. 7,6 gam.
Cu 6: Hin tng no di y c m t khng ng:
A. Thi kh NH3 qua CrO3 un nng thy cht rn chuyn t mu sang mu lc thm.
B. Nung Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu vng nu sang mu en.
C. t CrO trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu en sang mu lc thm.
D. un nng S vi K2Cr2O7 thy cht rn chuyn t mu da cam sang mu lc thm.
Cu 7:Hn hp X gm 2 mui R2CO3 v RHCO3. Chia 44,7 gam X thnh 3 phn bng nhau:
- Phn I tc dng hon ton vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 35,46 gam kt ta.
- Phn II tc dng hon ton vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 7,88 gam kt ta.
- Phn III tc dng ti a vi V ml dung dch KOH 2M.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 180
B. 110
C. 70
D. 200
Cu 8: Trong mt bnh kn cha 10,8 gam kim loi M (ho tr khng i) v 0,6 mol O2. Nung bnh
mt thi gian, sau a bnh v nhit ban u th p sut trong bnh ch cn bng 75 % so vi ban
u. Ly cht rn thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 6,72 lt H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg.
B. Al.
C. Zn.
D. Fe.
Cu 9: t chy hon ton 3,99 gam cht hu c X phi dng va 5,88 lt kh O2 (ktc). Sn phm
chy ch c CO2 v H2O theo t l 44 : 15 v khi lng. T khi hi ca X i vi O2 l 3,5625, cng
thc phn t ca X l:
A. C6H12O2.
B. C6H10O.
C. C6H10O2.
D. C5H10O2.
Cu 10: Cho qu tm ln lt vo dung dch mi hp cht di y
(1) H2N CH2 COOH;
(2) ClNH3 CH2 COOH;
(3) H2N CH2 COONa
(4) H2N [CH2]2 CH(NH2) COOH;
(5) HOOC CH2 CH(NH2) COOH.
S dung dch lm i mu qu tm l:
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
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Cu 11: Mnh no sau y ng:


A. Tinh bt v xenluloz l ng phn ca nhau v cng c cng thc phn t (C6H10O5)n.
B. Saccaroz v mantoz l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Tinh bt v xenluloz l polisaccarit, chng u d ko thnh si.
D. Glucoz l hp cht a chc.
Cu 12:Ozon l mt tc nhn oxi ha mnh v nguy him, rt c vi ng vt. Ngay c nng rt
thp, ozon c th lm gim mnh tc quang tng hp trong cy xanh. Ozon gy nhiu tc hi tuy
nhin hin nay tng ozon ang b thng. iu ny:
A. lm cho khng kh trn th gii thot ra
B. lm tht thot nhit ca th gii
C. lm cho khng c ozon thng quyn, bc x t ngoi gy tc hi lt xung b mt tri t
D. lm cho khng c ozon th khng xy ra qu trnh quang hp trong cy xanh.
Cu 13:Nhm l mt kim loi hot ng kh mnh, ti sao c th dng Al lm gia dng nh ni,
xong,...
A. Nhm c bo v bi mt lp oxit bn chc.
B. Mi trng bnh thng khng c tc nhn no c th phn ng ph hy nhm.
C. Khi sn xut ni, xong, ngi ta bo v b mt chng bng nhng vt liu c bit.
D. L do khc.
Cu 14: Cho ccphn ng sau
Cl2 + 2KI I2 + 2KCl
(1)
2KClO3 + HCl 2KCl + Cl2 + H2O
(2)
Dy cc cht c sp xp theo chiu gim dn tnh oxi ha t tri sang phi l
A. KClO3; Cl2; I2.
B. Cl2; KClO3; I2.
C. I2; Cl2; KClO3.
D. KClO3; I2; Cl2.
Cu 15: Cho 7,65 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Fe vo 375 ml dung dch CuSO4 aM. Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton, lc, thu c 10,35 gam cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Thm dung dch NaOH d
vo Z. Lc ly kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i c 6,75 gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,2.
B. 0,15.
C. 0,3.
D. 0,25.
Cu 16: Phn ng no sau y l sai:
0

t
A. (NH4)2Cr2O7
Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O. B. 2CrO3+ 2NH3 Cr2O3 + N2 + 3H2O.
C. 3CuO + 2NH3 3Cu + N2+ 3H2O.
D. Fe2O3 + 6HI 2FeI3 + 3H2O.
Cu 17: Chn nhn xt ng:
A. Trong phng th nghim, N2 c iu ch bng cch un nng dung dch NH4NO3 bo ha.
B. Phn chua c cng thc l Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
C. Phn t CO2, Cl2, C2H4 u khng phn cc.
D. Theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit
nng chy gim dn.
Cu 18: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng sau
(1) NO2 + NaOH
(2) Al2O3 + HNO3c, nng
(3) Fe(NO3)2 + H2SO4 (long)
(4) Fe2O3 + HI
(5) FeCl3 + H2S
(6) CH2 = CH2 + Br2
S phn ng oxi ha kh l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 19: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v NaAlO2 0,1M.
Khi lng kt ta thu c ph thuc vo V (l) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca b v a ln lt l:
A. 0,4 v 1,0
B. 0,2 v 1,2
C. 0,2 v 1,0
D. 0,4 v 1,2

Trang 90/305

Cu 20: Mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc n gin l CH2Br. Cc cng thc cu to c th c ca


X l
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 4.
Cu 21: Hp cht hu c n chc X cha C, H, O. Trong phn trm khi lng ca C, H tng
ng l 55,81 % v 6,98 %. Y l ng phn ca X v hu nh khng tan trong nc. C X v Y u c
ng phn cis trans. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y l cng thc no sau y
A. CH2=CHCH2COOH v CH3COOCH=CH2.
B. HCOOCH=CHCH3 v CH3CH=CHCOOH.
C. CH2=CHCOOH v HCOOCH=CH2.
D. CH3CH=CHCOOH v HCOOCH=CHCH3.
Cu 22: Nung 25,2 gam mui ca mt axit hu c thm, n chc X thu c 9,275 gam Na2CO3;
25,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 7,875 gam nc. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. C6H5COONa.
B. CH3C6H4CH2COONa.
C. C6H5CH2COONa.
D. CH3C6H4COONa.
Cu 23: Cho cc cht sau: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, C6H5OH, C2H5ONa, CH3COONa, C6H5ONa. Trong
cc cht , s cp cht phn ng c vi nhau l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 5.
D. 2.
Cu 24: Trong bnh kn xy ra cn bng.
PCl5 (k) PCl3 (k) + Cl2 (k).
Khi tng nhit th t khi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 gim i. Hai yu t tc ng u lm cn bng
chuyn dch theo chiu thun l:
A. tng nhit v tng p sut
B. gim nhit v thm kh Cl2
C. gim nhit v thm xc tc
D. tng nhit v gim p sut
Cu 25: Hirat ho hon ton 1,56 gam mt ankin X thu c anehit Y. Trn Y vi mt anehit n
chc Z, thm nc vo c 0,1 lt dung dch T cha Y v Z vi nng tng cng l 0,8M. Thm
t t dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) vo T th c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to v s mol Y v Z
ln lt l:
A. HCHO: 0,06 mol v CH3CHO: 0,02 mol.
B. CH3CHO: 0,04 mol v HCHO: 0,04 mol.
C. CH3CHO: 0,06 mol v HCHO: 0,02 mol.
D. CH3CHO: 0,02 mol v HCHO: 0,06 mol.
Cu 26: Thi hi nc qua than nng thu c hn hp kh X kh gm H2, CO v CO2. Cho X qua
dung dch Ca(OH)2 th cn li hn hp kh Y. Ly mt phn kh Y cho tc dng va ht vi 13,44 gam
CuO thy to thnh 1,89 gam nc. Phn trm th tch kh CO2 trong X l
A. 29,16%.
B. 20%.
C. 30,12%.
D. 11,11%.
Cu 27: Cho x mol Mg vo dung dch cha y mol Cu(NO3)2 v z mol AgNO3, sau khi kt thc cc
phn ng thu c dung dch gm hai mui. Mi quan h gia x, y, z l:
A. 0,5z x 0,5z + y
B. 0,5z x < 0,5z + y
C. x < 0,5z + y
D. z a < y + z
Cu 28: Cho este n chc E tc dng va vi NaOH thu c 12,3 gam mui v 0,15 mol ancol.
t chy hon ton ancol ny ri hp th sn phm vo bnh cha 3 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,125M thu
c 59,1 gam kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca E c th c l
A. E ch l CH3COOC2H5
B. E ch l CH3COOC3H7.
C. E l CH3COOC2H5 hay CH3COOC3H7 D. E l CH3COOCH3 hay CH3COOC2H5
Cu 29: Cho 24,3 gam bt Al vo 225 ml dung dch hn hp NaNO3 1M, NaOH 3M khuy u cho
n khi kh ngng thot ra th dng li. Th tch kh thot ra (ktc) l
A. 22,68 lt.
B. 15,12 lt.
C. 20,16 lt.
D. 5,04 lt.
Cu 30: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s2, nguyn t ca nguyn
t Y c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p3. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht to bi X v Y c
dng:
A. X3Y2.
B. X2Y2.
C. X5Y2.
D. X2Y3.
Cu 31: Cho s chuyn ha sau
CH3 CH2 CH COOH
NH2

NH3

HCl

.
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Cc cht X v Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COONH4 v CH3CH2CH(NH3Cl)COONH4.
B. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COONH4 v CH3CH2CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH v CH3CH2CH(NH3Cl)COONH4.
D. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COONH4 v CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH.
Cu 32: Ho tan 17 gam hn hp NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 vo nc c 500 gam dung dch X.
trung ho 50 gam dung dch X cn dng 40 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. C cn dung dch sau khi trung
ho thu c khi lng mui khan l
A. 1,58 gam.
B. 2,44 gam.
C. 3,16 gam.
D. 1,22 gam.
Cu 33: C s : X Y polibutaien. Cht X c th l mt trong cc cht trong dy cc ha cht
no di y:
A. Ancol etylic, butan, vinylaxetilen.
B. Axetilen, ancol etylic, butan.
C. Vinylaxetilen, etilen, butan.
D. Ancol etylic, etilen, butan.
Cu 34: Chn pht biu ng:
A. Khi t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X bt k, nu thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol
H2O th X l anken.
B. Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng phn t khi l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Khi un C2H5Br vi dung dch KOH ch thu c etilen.
D. Hin nay phng php ch yu sn xut axit axetic l cho CH3OH tc dng vi CO.
Cu 35:Cho cc pht biu:
(a) Trong mt phn t tristearin c cha 3 lin kt pi.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc
(c) Cht bo b thy phn hon ton trong mi trng axit
(d) Cht bo l trieste ca etylen glicol vi cc axit bo
S pht biu ng l:
A. 4
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Cu 36: X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. Bit: X lm tan vi; Y khng tc dng c
vi NaOH; tc dng vi Na; tham gia phn ng trng bc; oxi ha vi xc tc thch hp thu c hp
cht a chc; Z khng tham gia phn ng trng bc; khng tc dng vi NaOH; tc dng vi Na. S
CTCT ph hp vi X, Y, Z l:
A. 1; 1; 2.
B. 1; 2; 2.
C. 1; 1; 1.
D. 1; 1; 3.
Cu 37: Pht biu no sau ykhngng:
A. Cc amino axit l nhng cht rn kt tinh, d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao.
B. Tnh baz ca amoniac mnh hn anilin nhng li yu hn etylamin.
C. Cc peptit v protein c phn ng mu biure, ho tan Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH cho hp cht c
mu xanh lam c trng.
D. Anilin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, ly sn phm thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH
li thu c anilin.
Cu 38:Nc t nhin c cha ion no sau y th c gi l nc cng ton phn:
A. HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+
B. HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Na+
C. Cl-, SO42-, Mg2+, HCO3D. Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42Cu 39: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp Z thu c khi lng H2O t hn khi lng CO2 l 5,46 gam. Nu ly 1/2 lng
hn hp Z trn cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va th sau phn ng thu c 3,9 gam hn
hp mui khan. Cng thc hai axit trong Z l
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
B. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
Cu 40:Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng:
A. poliacrilonitrin
B. Poli(metyl metacrylat)
C. polibutadien
D. Poli(etylen-terephtalat)
Cu 41: in phn dung dch BaCl2 vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp, sau mt thi gian thy anot
thot ra 1,68 lt mt cht kh (ktc). catot thu c:
A. 0,84 lt kh O2 (ktc).
B. 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc).
C. 1,68 lt kh H2 (ktc).
D. 10,125 gam Ba bm vo in cc.
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Cu 42: Cho dy cc cht: Na, Cu(OH)2, Mg(HCO3)2, CuO, NaCl, C2H5OH, C6H5OH, C6H5NH2,
CH3ONa, CH3COONa, AgNO3. S cht tc dng c vi axit propionic l
A. 4.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 43: Chia 7,8 gam hn hp ancol etylic v mt ng ng ca n thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn
mt tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc). Phn 2 tc dng vi 30 gam CH3COOH (c mt
H2SO4 c). Tng khi lng este thu c (hiu sut este ha 80%) l
A. 8,8 gam.
B. 7,28 gam.
C. 6,48 gam.
D. 8,1 gam.
Cu 44: un nng m gam hn hp gm nhng lng bng nhau v s mol ca glucoz, fructoz,
saccaroz v mantoz vi dung dch H2SO4 long n phn ng hon ton, sau trung ha axit ri
cho phn ng tip vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra 12,96 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 31,32 gam.
B. 21,6 gam.
C. 10,44 gam.
D. 15,66 gam.
Cu 45: C nhng nhn xt sau v cc kim loi Cu, Ag, Au:
1. tnh kh gim dn: Cu > Ag > Au.
2. c ba kim loi u tan trong dung dch HNO3.
3. c ba kim loi u c th tn ti trong t nhin di dng n cht.
4. ch c Cu, Ag mi ha tan c trong dung dch HNO3, cn Au th khng.
5. ch c Cu mi ha tan trong dung dch HCl, cn Ag, Au th khng.
Nhng nhn xt ngl:
A. 1, 2, 4.
B. 1, 3, 4.
C. 1, 3, 5.
D. 1, 3, 4, 5.
Cu 46: Ch dng thm mt thuc th no sau y nhn bit cc dung dch rt long mt nhn
NH4HSO4, Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, HCl, NaCl v H2SO4.
A. dung dch Ba(OH)2.
B. dung dch NaOH.
C. qu tm.
D. dung dch HCl.
Cu 47: A, B, C l ba dn xut ca benzen, c cng cng thc phn t l C7H8O2. Bit rng:
- A phn ng c vi Na theo t l mol tng ng l 1:2, vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng l 1:1.
- B phn ng c vi Na theo t l mol tng ng l 1:2, vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng l 1:2.
- C phn ng c vi Na theo t l mol tng ng l 1:1, vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng l 1:1.
Cng thc cu to ca A, B, C ln lt l
A. HOC6H4CH2OH, CH3C6H4(OH)2 v HOC6H4OCH3.
B. CH3C6H4(OH)2, HOC6H4CH2OH v HOC6H4OCH3.
C. CH3C6H4(OH)2, HOC6H4OCH3 v HOC6H4CH2OH.
D. HOC6H4CH2OH, HOC6H4CH3 v HOC6H4OH.
Cu 48: Hon tan hon ton hn hp gm 16,8 gam Fe v 9,6 gam Cu trong dung dch HNO3 long,
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 91,5 gam mui v V lt kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 7,84.
B. 8,96.
C. 6,72.
D. 23,52.
Cu 49:Cho th nghim nh hnh v. Cc cht A, B, C ln lt l:
A. H2; S; CuS
Kh A
B. H2; S; CuSO4
C. NH3; CuO; H2S
D. CO; Fe2O3; Ca(OH)2
Bt B
Dung dch C
Kt ta en
Cu 50: Cho 5 kg benzen phn ng vi dung dch hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c. Lng
nitrobenzen to thnh c kh thnh anilin. Bit rng hiu sut mi phn ng u l 78%. Khi
lng anilin thu c l
A. 3,627 kg.
B. 4,65 kg.
C. 5,962 kg.
D. 7,643 kg.

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THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 17
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Polime X (cha C, H, Cl) c h s trng hp l 560 v phn t khi l 35.000. Cng thc mt
mt xch ca X l
A. CH = CCl .
B. CHCl CHCl .
C. CH2 CHCl .
D. CCl = CCl .
Cu 2: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc cu to thu gn: HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. Tn gi ca
X l:
A. alanin.
B. axit aipic.
C. glixin.
D. axit glutamic.
Cu 3: Thu phn hon ton 8,8g este n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch KOH 1M (va )
thu c 4,6g mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l:
A. Propyl axetat.
B. Etyl fomiat.
C. Etyl propionat.
D. Etyl axetat.
Cu 4: Cho hn hp gm 0,4 mol Fe v 0,2 mol Zn vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO 3)2 1M
v AgNO3 3M. Khi lng dung dch gim l
A. 53,4 gam.
B. 21,1 gam.
C. 47,8 gam.
D. 42,2 gam.
Cu 5:Th tnh tan ca kh A bng cch p ngc bnh ng kh vo chu nc c pha sn vi git
qu tm. Hin tng quan st c m t nh hnh v:

Kh A l:
A. NH3
B. O2
C. N2
D. HCl
Cu 6: Cho cc phn ng sau:(1) Cl2 + NaOH; (2) SO2 + NaOH; (3) NO2 + NaOH; (4) CO2 +
NaOH; (5) Br2 + NaOH; Hy cho bit phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha - kh:
A. (1) (3) (5).
B. (1) (2) (5).
C. (1) (2) (4).
D. (1) (2) (3).
Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht: H2NCH2COOH, C2H5NH2, CH3NH2, CH3COOH. S cht trong dy phn
ng vi HCl trong dung dch l:
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 8: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Ba, Al, K, Mg. S kim loi trong dy phn ng vi lng d dung
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dch FeCl3 thu c kt ta l:


A. 4.
B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 5.
H 15%

H 95%

H 90%

Cu 9: Cht do PVC c iu ch theo s sau: CH4 A B PVC.


Bit CH4 chim 95% th tch kh thin nhin, vy iu ch mt tn PVC th s m3 kh thin nhin
(ktc) cn l
A. 5883 m3.
B. 4576 m3.
C. 6235 m3.
D. 7225 m3.
Cu 10: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 90%, lng kh CO2sinh ra hp th ht vo dung dch
nc vi trong, thu c 10 gam kt ta. Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng gim 3,4 gam sovi khi
lng dung dch nc vi trong ban u. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 15,0.
B. 13,5.
C. 30,0.
D. 20,0.
Cu 11: Cho 3,84 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 1,344 lt NO (ktc) v
dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X l
A. 24,68 gam.
B. 25,08 gam.
C. 23,68 gam.
D. 25,38 gam.
Cu 12: Xenluloz trinitrat c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric c c xc tc axit sunfuric c,
nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz trinitrat, cn dng dung dch cha m kg axit nitric (hiu sut phn
ngt 90%). Gi tr ca m l
A. 30 kg.
B. 42 kg.
C. 21 kg.
D. 10 kg.
Cu 13: Ho tan ht hn hp FeS2, FeCO3 bng dung dch HNO3 c, nng c dung dch X v 4,48
lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi hiro bng 22,75. Hp th ton b kh Y vo 300 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M c dung dch Z. Tng khi lng cc cht tan trong Z l:
A. 18,85g.
B. 20,00g.
C. 16,85g.
D. 32,20g.
Cu 14:Tng h s cc cht (ti gin) ca phn ng gia natri cromit (NaCrO2) vi brom trong dung
dch NaOH l:
A. 42
B. 21
C. 25
D. 37
Cu 15: Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 c hn hp X gm hai kim loi. Chia X thnh hai
phn: Phn t (m1 gam), cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 0,1 mol kh H2. Phn nhiu (m2
gam), cho tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d, c 0,4 mol kh NO. Bit m2 - m1=32,8. Gi tr
m bng:
A. 23,3 gam hoc 47,1 gam
B. 33,6 gam hoc 47,1 gam
C. 33,6 gam hoc 63,3 gam
D. 11,74 gam hoc 6,33 gam
Cu 16: thu phn 0,01 mol este ca mt ancol a chc vi mt axit cacboxylic n chc cn
dng 1,2g NaOH. Mc khc thu phn 6,35g este cn 3g NaOH v thu c 7,05g mui. CTCT
ca este l:
A. (CH2=CHCOO)3C4H7.
B. (CH2=CHCOO)3C3H5.
C. (CH3COO)2C2H4.
D. (HCOO)3C3H5.
Cu 17: T lapsan thuc loi:
A. t visco.
B. t poliamit.
C. t axetat.
D. t polieste.
Cu 18: Thu phn este X (C4H6O2) trong mi trng axit ta thu c mt hn hp cc cht u c
phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HCOO CH2 CH = CH2.
B. CH2 = CH COO CH3.
C. CH3 CH = CH OCOH.
D. CH2 = CH OCO CH3.
Cu 19:Cho cc kt lun sau:
(1) St l cht xc tc ca phn ng gia benzen vi kh clo (ung nng) to clobenzen.
(2) Oleum c cng thc tng qut l H2SO4.nSO3.
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(3) Nhm OH v vng benzen c s nh hng qua li gia cc nguyn t trong phn t phenol.
(4) Tch nc lin phn t iu kin thch hp t n phn t ancol to ti a n! ete.
S kt lun ng l:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4
Cu 20: Cho cc nhn nh v saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz:
(1) Saccaroz ging vi glucoz l u c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch phc ng mu
xanh lam.
(2) Saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz u c phn ng thu phn.
(3) Saccaroz v tinh bt khi b thu phn to ra glucoz c phn ng trng gng nn saccaroz cng
nh tinh bt u c phn ng trng gng.
(4) Tinh bt khc xenluloz ch n c phn ng mu vi I2.
(5) Ging nh xenluloz, tinh bt ch c cu to mch khng phn nhnh.
S nhn nh khng ng l:
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 21: Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng ddung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H2;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng ddung dch HNO3 long, sinh ra y mol kh N2O (sn phm khduy
nht). uan h gia x v y l
A. x = y.
B. y = 2x.
C. x = 4y.
D. x = 2y.
Cu 22: Cacbohirat X c phn ng trng gng. un nng a mol X trong dung dch HCl long d
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Trung ho axit cn d, sau cho AgNO 3 d
trong NH3 vo Y, ng thi un nng, sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 4a mol Ag. X c th l
cacbohirat no sau y:
A. Saccaroz.
B. Mantoz.
C. Xenluloz.
D. Glucoz.
Cu 23: Ly 14,6 gam mt ipeptit to ra t glyxin v alanin tc dng vi dung dch HCl 1M. Th
tch dung dch HCl tham gia phn ng l:
A. 0,2 lit.
B. 0,1 lit.
C. 0,15 lit.
D. 1 lit.
Cu 24:Chia m gam hn hp X gm FeS v CuS thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 phn ng vi
dung dch HCl (d), thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Ha tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch HNO3 long (d),
sinh ra 15,68 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 46,4
B. 34,8
C. 23,2
D. 56,0
Cu 25: Thy phn hn hp gm 0,01 mol saccaroz v 0,02 mol mantoz trong mi trng axit, vi
hiu sut u l 60% theo mi cht, thu c dung dch X. Trung ha dung dch X, thu c dung
dch Y, sau cho ton b Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c m gam
Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,480.
B. 9,504.
C. 7,776.
D. 8,208.
Cu 26:Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm HNO3 v H2SO4 thu c dung dch X v 1,12
lit kh NO. Thm tip dung dch H2SO4 d vo bnh thu c 0,448 lit kh NO v dung dch Y. Bit
trong c 2 trng hp NO l sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc. Dung dch Y ha tan va ht 2,08 gam
Cu (khng to thnh sn phm kh ca N+5). Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,06
B. 2,04
C. 4,20
D. 3,92
Cu 27: Thy phn hon ton 0,3 mol mt este E mch h cn dng 140 gam KOH 36%, thu c
mt ancol v 79,8g hn hp mui ca 2 axit cacboxilic n chc. Hai axit l:
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A. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. HCOOH v C2H5COOH.
D. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Cu 28:Cho 6 gam km ht vo cc ng 100ml dung dch H2SO4 2M nhit thng. Bin i
no sau y khng lm thay i tc phn ng:
A. Tng nhit ln n 50OC.
B. Thay 100mldung dch H2SO4 2M bng 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M.
C. Thay 6 gam km ht bng 6 gam km bt.
D. Thm 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 trn na.
Cu 29: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol mt este X, thu c 10,08 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 8,1 gam
H2O.Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C3H6O2.
B. C2H4O2.
C. C4H8O2.
D. C5H10O2.
Cu 30: S sp xp theo trt t tng dn tnh baz gia etylamin, phenylamin v amoniac ng l
A. etylamin < amoniac < phenylamin.
B. phenylamin < etylamin < amoniac.
C. phenylamin < amoniac < etylamin.
D. amoniac < etylamin < phenylamin.
Cu 31: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp hai amin n chc k tip tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, lm kh
dung dch thu c 51,7 gam mui khan. Cng thc phn t hai amin l
A. C2H7N v C3H9N.
B. CH5N v C2H7N.
C. C3H9N v C4H11N.
D. C3H7N v C4H9N.
Cu 32: X l hn hp gm HCOOH v CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 21,2 gam X tc dng vi 23
gam C2H5OH (xc tc H2SO4 c, un nng) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut este ha u t
80%). Gi tr m l:
A. 23,4 gam.
B. 48,8 gam.
C. 40,48 gam.
D. 25,92 gam.
Cu 33: Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 v
HCl c pH = 1, thu c dung dch c pH = 2 l
A. 0,30 lt.
B. 0,25 lt.
C. 0,20 lt.
D. 0,15 lt.
Cu 34: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)v AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l
A. Al, Cu, Ag.
B. Fe, Cu, Ag.
C. Al, Fe, Cu.
D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Cu 35: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,2M vo 150 ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,1M v NaAlO2 0,2M.
Khi lng kt ta thu c ph thuc vo V (l) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca b v a ln lt l:
A. 0,225 v 0,675
B. 0,45 v 2,7
C. 0,075 v 1,350
D. 0,3 v 1,250

Cu 36: t chy hon ton 29,6 gam hn hp X gm CH3COOH,CxHyCOOH v (COOH)2 thu c


0,8 mol H2O v m gam CO2. Cng cho 29,6 gam X tc dng vi lng d NaHCO3 thu c 0,5 mol
CO2. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11.
B. 33.
C. 22.
D. 44.
Cu 37: Dung dch lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh l
A. H2NCH2COOH. B. C2H5OH.
C. CH3COOH.
D. CH3NH2.
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Cu 38: Cho cc dung dch c cng nng : Na2CO3(1), H2SO4 (2), HCl (3), KNO3 (4). Gi tr pH
ca cc dung dch c sp xp theo chiu tng t tri sang phi l:
A. (3), (2), (4), (1). B. (4), (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (1).
Cu 39:Hn hp X cha ba axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h, gm mt axit no v hai axit
khng no u c mt lin kt i (C=C). Cho m gam X tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH
2M, thu c 25,56 gam hn hp mui. t chy hon ton m gam X, hp th ton b sn phm chy
bng dung dch NaOH d, khi lng dung dch tng thm 40,08 gam. Tng khi lng ca hai axit
cacboxylic khng no trong m gam X l:
A. 15,36 gam.
B. 9,96 gam.
C. 12,06 gam.
D. 18,96 gam.
Cu 40: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H 2SO4
0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui
khan l
A. 38,93 gam.
B. 103,85 gam.
C. 25,95 gam.
D. 77,86 gam.
Cu 41: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, saccaroz, xenluloz, tinh bt. S cht trong dy khng tham gia
phn ng thy phn l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 42: Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X cha ZnCl2, FeCl2, MgCl2 v BaCl2 thu c dung
dch Y v kt ta Z. Cho kt ta Z vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Hi c bao nhiu phn ng xy
ra:
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 4.
Cu 43: Ly m gam hp cht A c CTPT l C3H9O2N tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, c
2,24 lt ( ktc) kh B thot ra lm xanh giy qu tm m. t chy ht lng kh B ni trn, thu c
4,4 gam CO2. CTCT ca A v B l:
A. HCOONH3CH3; CH3NH2.
B. HCOONH3C2H5; C2H5NH2.
C. CH2=CHCOONH4; NH3.
D. CH3COONH3CH3; CH3NH2.
Cu 44: Tripeptit M v tetrapeptit u c to ra t mt amino axit X mch h, phn t c 1 nhm
NH2. Phn trm khi lng ca N trong X l 18,667%. Thy phn khng hon ton m gam hn hp M
v (t l mol 1:1) trong mi trng axit thu c 0,945 gam M; 4,62 gam ipeptit v 3,75 gam X. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 9,315
B. 5,580
C. 58,725
D. 8,389
Cu 45: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,2mol AgNO3 vi cng dng in 2,68A trong
thi gian t gi thu c dung dch X (hiu sut in phn l 100%). Cho 16,8 gam bt Fe vo X thy
thot ra kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht) v sau cc phn ng hon ton thu c 22,7 gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca t l:
A. 2,00
B. 1,00
C. 0,50
D. 0,25
Cu 46: Cho dy cc kim loi: K, Mg, Cu, Al. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch
HCl l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 4.
Cu 47: Dy cc kim loi c xp theo chiu gim dn tnh kh l:
A. K, Cu, Zn.
B. Cu, K, Zn.
C. Zn, Cu, K.
D. K, Zn, Cu.
Cu 48: Thu phn hon ton cht bo E bng dung dch NaOH thu c 1,84g glixerol v 18,24g
mui ca axit bo duy nht. Cht bo l:
A. (C17H33COO)3C3H5.
B. (C15H31COO)3C3H5.
C. (C15H29COO)3C3H5.
D. (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
Cu 49:Khi nu cm kh, c th lm mt mi cm kh bng cch cho vo ni cm:
Trang 98/305

A. Mt mu than ci
B. ng
C. Mui
D. Bt canh.
Cu 50: Cho 0,15 mol Fe tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,36 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit
SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cn dung dch c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 35,2 gam.
B. 25,68 gam.
C. 30 gam.
D. 22,8 gam.

Trang 99/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 18
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Hin tng xy ra khi cho t t dung dch NH3 vo dung dch AlCl3 l:
A. xut hin kt ta ln dn ti cc i.
B. xut hin kt ta ln dn ti cc i, sau tan dn n ht.
C. xut hin kt ta ln dn ti cc i, ng thi c kh mi khai bay ra.
D. xut hin kt ta ln dn ti cc i, sau tan dn, ng thi c kh mi khai bay ra.
Cu 2:un nng m gam hn hp gm 3a mol tetrapeptit X mch h v 2a mol tripeptit mch h Y vi
900ml dung dch NaOH 2M (va ). Sau khi phn ng kt thc, c cn dung dch thu c 96,48
gam mui khan ca cc amino axit u c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2 trong phn t. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 51,72
B. 33,48
C. 34,38
D. 57,12
Cu 3: Cho phng trnh ha hc sau: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. Cu no di y l sai:
A. Cu c tnh kh yu hn Fe
B. Fe2+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+
C. Fe2+ c tnh oxi ha yu hn Cu2+
D. Fe l kim loi mnh hn Cu
Cu 4: Cho th nghim nh hnh v trong ng nghim cha FeS v dung dch HCl nu t kh thot ra
v t trn ngn la mt cc nc th hin tng no di y xy ra:
A. Cc nc si
B. y cc nc c cht bt mu vng bm vo
C. y cc nc c hi nc bm vo
D. y cc nc c cht bt mu en bm vo

Cu 5: Cho ion M+ v X- c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 1s22s22p6. Lin kt gia M v X thuc loi
lin kt
A. cng ha tr
B. cng ha tr c phn cc
C. cho nhn
D. ion
Cu 6: Cho cc kim loi kim: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. Khi i t Li n Cs th bn knh nguyn t:
A. gim dn
B. khng i
C. tng dn
D. va tng va gim.
Cu 7: iu ch etylaxetat th cch lm ng nht l:
A. un hi lu hn hp etanol, gim v axit sunfuric c.
B. un hi lu hn hp axit axetic, ru trng v axit sunfuric c
C. un si hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c
D. un hi lu hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c.
Trang 100/305

Cu 8: Cho hn hp kim loi K-Ca vo nc d c dung dch X v thy gii phng ra 3,36 lt H2
(ktc). Cn phi ly bao nhiu ml H2SO4 0,5M trung ha ht dung dch X
A. 600 ml
B. 300ml
C. 150ml
D. 75ml
Cu 9: Cho 10,7g hn hp kim loi Al, Fe, Mg tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4. Kt thc phn
ng thy gii phng ra 7,84 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. c cn dung dch X c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 33,6g
B. 36,8g
C. 44,3g
D. 40,0g
Cu 10: Cho cn bng ha hc sau: 2NO2 (nu ) N2O4 (khng mu) H<0. Khi nhng bnh
ng hn hp kh trn vo nc th mu nu ca bnh s:
A. m dn
B. nht dn
C. khng i
D. mu
Cu 11:Khi nhit phn hon ton 100g mi cht KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3 th
cht to c lng oxi ln nht l:
A. KClO3
B. KMnO4
C. AgNO3
D. KNO3
Cu 12: C phn ng xy ra trong dung dch: C2H5Br + KOH C2H5OH + KBr. Nng ban u ca
KOH l 0,05M. Sau 10 pht ly ra 10 ml dung dch hn hp phn ng th thy n c trung ha va
bi 6 ml dung dch HCl 0,05M. Tc trung bnh ca phn ng trong khong thi gian trn l
A. 3.10-5M/s
B. 3,23.10-6M/s
C. 3,33.10-6M/s
D. 3,33.10-5M/s
Cu 13:Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic, etylen glicol v glixerol. t chy hon ton m gam X thu
c 6,72 lit CO2 (ktc). Cng m gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c ti a V lit kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca V l:
A. 3,36
B. 11,20
C. 5,6
D. 6,72
Cu 14:Oxi ha 0,08 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic, mt
anehit, ancol d v nc. Ngng t ton b X ri chia hn hp lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn I cho tc
dng ht vi Na d thu c 0,504 lit H2 (ktc). Phn II cho phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c
9,72 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ancol b oxi ha l:
A. 50,00%
B. 62,50%
C. 31,25%
D. 40,00%
Cu 15:Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng
kh dd no sau y:
A. dd H2SO4
B. dd NaOH
C. dd NH3
D. dd NaCl
Cu 16: Mt dung dch cha cc ion sau: Al3+ 0,01 mol; Ba2+ x mol; NO3 0,03 mol; Cl-y mol. em c
cn dung dch th thy thu c 6,29g mui khan. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l:
A. 0,01 v 0,02
B. 0,02 v 0,04
C. 0,03 v 0,03
D. 0,02 v 0,03
Cu 17: Cho oxit ca nit c thnh phn phn trm v khi lng oxi l 69,55%. Oxit l:
A. NO
B. N2O
C. NO2
D. N2O5
Cu 18: Trn 100ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,1M v HCl 0,2M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp
baz NaOH 0,3M v Ba(OH)2 0,15M thu c dung dch X. Tnh pH ca dung dch X
A. 2
B. 10
C. 12
D. 13
Cu 19: Ha tan 3,84g Cu v 200 ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,25M v H2SO4 0,275M. Sau phn
ng thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,74g
B. 30,24g
C. 26,4g
D. 28,7g
Cu 20: Cho 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp Y gm cc cht CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10. t chy hon
ton hn hp X thu c 6,3g H2O v 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). S mol C2H4 trong hn hp trn l:
A. 0,25
B. 0,15
C. 0,05
D. 0,1

Trang 101/305

Cu 21: Cho 3,36 lt hn hp gm etan v mt hidrocacbon A i qua dung dch Brom d, thy khi
lng bnh brom tng 2,1g, ng thi c 2,24 lt mt cht kh bay ra (cc kh o ktc). Cng thc
phn t ca A l
A. C2H4
B. C3H6
C. C4H8
D. C3H4
Cu 22: Cho 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3 vo 50 ml dung dch NaOH thu c 1,56 gam kt ta v dung dch
X. Nng mol ca dung dch NaOH l
A. 1,2M
B. 2,4M
C. 3,6M
D. 4,2M
Cu 23: X phng ha hon ton 1.99 g hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05g mui
ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94g hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc phn t ca
hai este l
A. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5
B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5
C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7
D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5
Cu 24: Tin hnh ln men 324kg nguyn liu tinh bt (c cha 10% tp cht tr) thu c m kg ru
etylic. Tnh m bit hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 20%:
A. 132,48
B. 165,6
C. 134,48
D. 123,48
Cu 25: Cho 20 gam hn hp gm hai amin no, n chc, mch h tc dng va vi V ml dung
dch HCl 1M, thu c dung dch cha 31,68 gam hn hp mui. Gi tr ca V l
A. 200.
B. 100.
C. 320.
D. 50.
Cu 26:Dy gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dd l:
A. K+; Ba2+; Cl- v NO3-.
B. Cl-; Na+; NO3- v Ag+.
C. K+; Mg2+; OH-v NO3-.
D. Cu2+; Mg2+; H+ v OH-.
Cu 27: Thy phn hon ton mt hexapeptit thu c 2gly, 2ala, 1val v 1phe. Khi thy phn khng
hon ton cng hexapeptit trn th thu c ipeptit gly-ala, gly-phe v tripeptit ala-ala-val v val-glyphe. Tm hexapeptit trn:
A. gly-ala-ala-val-gly-phe
B. gly-phe-gly-val-ala-ala
C. ala-ala-val-gly-phe-gly
D. ala-val-gly-phe-gly-ala
Cu 28: C bao nhiu ng phn anehit c cng thc phn t C5H10O:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 29: Trong cng nghip ngi ta dng cht no sau y trng gng v rut phch:
A. CH3CHO
B. C2H2
C. C6H12O6
D. C6H10O5
Cu 30: Ha tan 35,2g hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca kim loi A v B k tip nhau trong nhm IIA
bng dung dch HCl d th thu c 9,84 lt CO2 (270C; 0,8 atm) v dung dch X. A, B ln lt l:
A. Be v Mg
B. Mg v Ca
C. Ca v Sr
D. Sr v Ba
Cu 31: Th t tnh bazo tng dn trong dy no sau y l ng
A. C6H5NH2; CH3NH2; NH3;C2H5NH2
B. C6H5NH2; CH3NH2; C2H5NH2; NH3
C. C6H5NH2; NH3; CH3NH2; C2H5NH2
D. C2H5NH2; CH3NH2; NH3; C6H5NH2
Cu 32: loi b cc kh HCl, CO2, SO2 c ln trong kh N2, ngi ta s dng lng d dd:
A. NaCl
B. CuCl2
C. H2SO4
D. Ca(OH)2
Cu 33: u l t nhn to trong cc loi t sau
A. t visco v t axetat
B. t capron v t enang
C. t lapsan v t axetat
D. t visco v enang
Cu 34:in phn dung dch C cha a mol CuSO4 v 0,2mol KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp,
cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy thu c 2,464 lit kh anot (ktc). Nu thi
gian in phn l 2t th tng th tch kh thu c c 2 in cc l 5,824 lit (ktc). Bit hiu sut in
phn l 100%. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,26
B. 0,24
C. 0,18
D. 0,15
Trang 102/305

Cu 35: Cho hn hp gm 2,7 gam kim loi Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 450 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 64,8
B. 54
C. 50
D. 32,4
Cu 36: Trn hai dung dch AgNO3 0,42M v Pb(NO3)2 0,36M vi th tch dung dch bng nhau thu
c dung dch X. Cho 0,513g bt Al vo 100 ml dung dch X ti phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,851g
B. 4,554g
C. 5,994g
D. 6,333g
Cu 37:Hp cht 2,4 imetylhex 1 en ng vi cu to no sau y:
A. (CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)CH = CH2
B. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2C(CH3) = CH2
C. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2C(=CH2)CH3
D. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2C(CH3) = CH2
Cu 38: Sc 0,896 lt kh CO2 vo hn hp 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,075M. Sau
phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m ?
A. 1,97
B. 3,94
C. 0,985
D. 4,26g
Cu 39: Ha tan 2,4g Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,28 lt kh N2O (ktc) v dung dch X.
C cn cn thn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 15,8
B. 14,8
C. 24,8
D. 20,8
Cu 40: Cho t t V lt CO2 ktc vo 100ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M ngi ta nhn thy khi lng
kt ta ph thuc vo th tch CO2 theo th di y: Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l:
A. 2,24 v 4,48
B. 0,1 v 0,2
C. 4,48 v 2,24
D. 0,2 v 0,1

Cu 41: Ch dng mt thuc th duy nht hy nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau: CH3NH2,
C6H5OH, CH3COOH.
A. NaOH
B. dd Br2
C. qu tm
D. HCl
Cu 42: Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm AlCl 3 0,1M v
H2SO4 0,1M. thu c lng kt ta ln nht th gi tr ca V l:
A. 300ml
B. 500ml
C. 200ml
D. 600ml
Cu 43: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai hidrocacbon thuc cng mt dy ng ng lin tip
nhau, hp th ht ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 25gam
kt ta, v khi lng nc vi trong gim 7,7gam. CTPT ca hai hidrocacbon l
A. C2H6; C3H8
B. C4H10; C5H12
C. CH4; C2H6
D. C3H8; C4H10
Cu 44: Cho dy bin ha sau: C2H4 X Y Z CH3COONa. X, Y c th ln lt l
A. C2H6; C2H5Cl
B. C2H5OH; CH3CHO
C. C2H5OH;CH3COOH
D. C2H5Cl; CH3COOH
Cu 45: t chy hon ton 8,7g mt amino axit X (c mt nhm NH2) th thu c 0,3 mol CO2;
0,25 mol H2O; 1,12 lt (ktc) mt kh tr. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H5O2N2
B. C3H5O2N
C. C3H7O2N
D. C6H10O2N2
Cu 46: Cho kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp X gm FeO v Fe2O3 un nng. Sau khi
kt thc th nghim c 4,784g hn hp cht rn Y. Kh i ra khi ng c hp th ht vo dung
dch Ba(OH)2 d th c 0,046 mol kt ta. T l s mol ca FeO v Fe2O3 trong X l:
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 1:3
D. 2:3
Trang 103/305

Cu 47: Cho nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t Z = 26. Cu no sau y l ng:


A. X thuc chu k 3, nhmVIIIB
B. X l phi kim thuc chu k 4 nhm VIB
C. X l kim loi thuc chu k 4 nhm VIIIB.
D. X l kim loi thuc chu k 3 nhm VIB.
Cu 48:Cho X, Y, Z, T l cc cht khc nhau trong s 4 cht: CH3NH2, NH3, C6H5OH (phenol),
C6H5NH2 (anilin) v cc tnh cht c ghi trong bng sau:
Cht
X
Y
Z
T
0
Nhit si ( c)
182
184
-6,7
-33,4
pH (dd nng 0,001M)
6,48
7,82
10,81
10,12
Nhn xt no sau y ng:
A. T l C6H5NH2
B. Y l C6H5OH
C. Z l CH3NH2
D. X l NH3
Cu 49:Nguyn nhn ca hin tng ma axit l do:
A. Cc cht thi cng nghip nh H2S, SO2 ...
B. Cc qu trnh t nhin nh hot ng ni la...
C. u trnh sinh hot.
D. C A, B, C.
Cu 50: Cho phn ng sau: aAl + bHNO3 cAl(NO3)3+ dN2O + eN2 + H2O. Bit t khi ca hn hp
kh so vi H2 l 17,2. Cc h s a, b khi phn ng cn bng ln lt l
A. 46; 168
B. 46; 108
C. 18; 66
D. 18; 108

Trang 104/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 19
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Nhm cc phn t, nguyn t v ion c tng s electron bng nhau:
A. Na, Al3+, CH4, H2S, NH3, Mg.
B. Na+, Al3+, CH4, H2O, NH3, Mg2+.
C. Na, Al3+, CH4, H2S, NH3, HF.
D. Na+, Al3+, SiH4, H2O, NH3, Mg2+.
Cu 2: Tripeptit mch h X v tetrapeptit mch h Y u c to ra t mt amino axit no, mch h
c 1 nhm COOH v 1 nhm NH2. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol X thu c sn phm gm CO2,
H2O, N2 trong tng khi lng CO2, H2O l 109,8 gam. Nu t chy hon ton 0,3 mol Y cn s
mol O2 l:
A. 4,5
B. 9
C. 6,75
D. 3,375
Cu 3:Cc cht trong dy no sau y khi tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d u to ra sn phm
l kt ta:
A. Fructoz, anehit axetic, mantoz, xenluloz.
B. Glucoz, metyl fomat, saccaroz, anehit axetic.
C. ivinyl, glucoz, metyl fomat, tinh bt.
D. Vinylaxetilen, glucoz, metyl fomiat, axit fomic
Cu 4: Cho t t V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo 200ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,5M v AlCl3 1M.
th biu din khi lng kt ta theo V nh hnh di. Gi tr ca a v b tng ng l:
A. 100 v 900
B. 100 v 800
C. 100 v 600
D. 100 v 700

Cu 5:Th nghim hnh v di y c th dng :


A. Chit benzen khi hn hp vi anilin
B. Chng ct ancol etylic khi hn hp vi nc
C. Chng ct etylaxetat khi hn hp vi nc
D. Kt tinh li mui trong dung dch.
Cu 6: Cc dung dch sau c cng nng mol/lit: NH3, Na2CO3, NaOH, NH4Cl. pH ca chng tng
dn theo th t
A. NH3, Na2CO3, NaOH, NH4Cl.
B. NH4Cl, Na2CO3, NaOH, NH3.
C. NH3, NH4Cl, NaOH, Na2CO3.
D. NH4Cl, Na2CO3, NH3, NaOH.
Cu 7: Hai bnh A, B c th tch bng nhau. Bnh A cha 1 mol kh Cl2, bnh B cha 1 mol kh O2.
Cho vo mi bnh 2,4 gam bt kim loi M c ho tr khng i. un nng hai bnh cc phn ng
xy ra hon ton ri a hai bnh v nhit ban u, nhn thy p sut kh trong hai bnh P A : PB =
1,8 : 1,9. Kim loi M l
Trang 105/305

A. Zn.
B. Ca.
C. Mg.
D. Ba.
Cu 8: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm, hai chu k lin tip. S proton ca nguyn t
Y nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 22. Nhn xt
no sau y v X, Y l ng:
A. X v Y u c ha tr cao nht trong hp cht bng V.
B. iu kin thng n cht ca X l cht rn, n cht ca Y l cht kh.
C. iu kin thng n cht ca X km hot ng ha hc hn n cht ca Y.
D. Hai n cht ca X v Y u tc dng vi kh H2 iu kin thch hp.
Cu 9: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu catot
v mt lng kh X anot. Ton b lng kh X trn c hp th ht vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH (
nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng
thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l:
A. 0,15M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,1M
D. 0,05M.
Cu 10: Ha tan mt hn hp bt kim loi c cha 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo 350 ml dung dch
AgNO3 2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c bng
A. 21,6 gam.
B. 43,2 gam.
C. 54,0 gam.
D. 64,8 gam.
Cu 11: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,002 FeS2 v 0,003 mol FeS vo lng d H2SO4 c, nng
thu c Fe2(SO4)3, SO2 v H2O. Hp th ht SO2 bng mt lng va dung dch KMnO4 c V
lt dung dch Z khng mu trong sut c pH = 2. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,14.
B. 0,14.
C. 11,4.
D. 2,28.
Cu 12: Ha tan mt ming nhm trong dung dch cha 0,05 mol NaOH thy c 0,672 lt H 2(ktc)
thot ra v thu c dung dch A.Cho 0,065 mol HCl vo dung dch A th kt ta thu c l
A.2,34 gam.
B. 1,17 gam.
C. 1,56 gam.
D. 0,78 gam.
Cu 13: t chy hon ton 4,02 gam hn hp axit acrylic, vinyl axetat v metyl metacrylat ri cho
ton b sn phm chy vo bnh 1 ng dung dch H 2SO4 c,bnh 2 ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy
khi lng bnh 1 tng m gam, bnh 2 xut hin 35,46 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,34
B. 2,7
C. 3,24
D. 3,6
Cu 14: Thc hin s sau
+E

X
t0

+ NaOH Y
Z

+F
+ NaOH
T

Nu X l CaCO3 th E v F ln lt l:
A. Ca(OH)2 v NaCl.
B. CaCl2 v Ca(NO3)2.
C. Ca(OH)2 v CaSO4.
D. NaHCO3 v Na2CO3.
Cu 15: Na, K, Ca c sn xut trong cng nghip bng cch
A. Dng phng php nhit luyn.
B. in phn hp cht nng chy.
C. Dng phng php thu luyn.
D. in phn dung dich mui.
Cu 16: t chy m gam ng (II) sunfua trong kh oxi d thu c cht rn X c khi lng bng (m
4,8) gam. Nung X trong kh NH3 d ti khi lng khng i c cht rn Y. Ho tan Y trong
dung dch HNO3 long d, thu c V lt kh Z (ktc) khng mu, nng hn oxi. Gi tr ca m (gam)
v V (lt) l:
A. 19,2 gam v 1,12 lt.
B. 28,8 gam v 1,68 lt.
C. 24,0 gam v 1,68 lt.
D. 28,8 gam v 1,12 lt.

Trang 106/305

Cu 17: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp X gm CuO, Fe2O3, MgO cn dng va 225 ml dung
dch HCl 2M. Mt khc, nu t nng 12 gam X trong kh CO d phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu
c 10 gam cht rn Y. Phn trm khi lng Fe2O3 trong hn hp X bng
A. 66,67 %.
B. 40,00 %.
C. 33,33 %.
D. 50,00 %.
Cu 18: Ho tan cng mt lng oxit ca kim loi M (c ho tr khng i) trong dung dch HCl v
dung dch HNO3. C cn hai dung dch thu c hai mui khan, thy khi lng mui nitrat nhiu hn
khi lng mui clorua mt lng bng 99,38 % khi lng oxit em ho tan. Cng thc oxit l
A. MgO.
B. Al2O3.
C. CuO.
D. Fe2O3.
Cu 19: Kt lun no sau y khng ng:
A. Hn hp Na2O + Al2O3 c th tan ht trong nc.
B. Hn hp Fe2O3 + Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
C. Hn hp KNO3+ Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch NaHSO4.
D. Hn hp FeS + CuS c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
Cu 20: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C2H8O3N2. Cho 0,15mol X phn ng ht vi dung
dch cha 0,2mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn ch gm cc cht v
c. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 14,75
B. 12,75
C. 20,00
D. 14,30
Cu 21:S hirocacbon th kh (ktc) tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 l:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
Cu 22:C nm l c nh s, mi l c cha mt dung dch trong s cc dung dch l Na2SO4,
(CH3COO)2Ca, Al2(SO4)3, NaOH v BaCl2. Rt dung dch t l 2 vo l 1, c kt ta keo, tip tc rt
thm kt ta b tan; Rt dung dch t l 4 vo l 3, c kt ta trng; Rt dung dch t l 4 vo l 5,
ban u cha c kt ta, rt thm th c lng nh kt ta.
Kt lun no di y l sai:
A. L 1 l Al2(SO4)3.
B. L 2 l NaOH.
C. L 3 l (CH3COO)2Ca.
D. L 4 l Na2SO4.
Cu 23: t chy 1,12 lt (ktc) hn hp hai hirocacbon X,Y ng ng lin tip (MX< MY), ta thu
c 2,88 gam nc v 4,84 gam CO2. Thnh phn % theo th tch ca hai hirocacbon X,Y trong hn
hp l
A. 50; 50.
B. 20; 80.
C. 40; 60.
D. 80; 20.
Cu 24: Mt hn hp gm axit no n chc X v ancol no n chc Y c khi lng phn t bng
nhau. Chia hn hp ra hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1 tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,56 lt H2. t chy
hon ton phn 2 sinh ra 2,688 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t v phn trm khi lng X, Y trong hn
hp l (cc th tch kh o ktc)
A. HCOOH 60%; C2H5OH 40%.
B. CH3COOH 60%; C3H7OH 40%.
C. HCOOH 40%; C2H5OH 60%.
D. CH3COOH 40%; C3H7OH 60%.
+
Cu 25:Trong 1 cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na ; 0,02 mol Ca2+ ; 0,04 mol Mg2+ ; 0,09 mol HCO3- cn li l
Cl- v SO42-. Trong s cc cht sau: Na2CO3, BaCO3, NaOH, K3PO4, Ca(OH)2, HCl, s cht c th lm
mm nc trong cc l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 26: X l mt anehit mch h, mt th tch hi ca X kt hp c vi ti a 3 th tch H2, sinh
ra ancol Y. Y tc dng vi Na d c th tch H2 ng bng th tch hi ca X ban u (cc th tch
kh v hi o cng iu kin). X c cng thc tng qut l
A. CnH2n 1CHO.
B. CnH2n (CHO)2.
C. CnH2n + 1CHO.
D. CnH2n 2 (CHO)2.
Cu 27:Trong s cc cht c cng thc sau: HO-CH2-CH2-OH, C6H5-CH=CH2, C6H5CH3, CH2=CHCH=CH2, CH2=CHCH3, H2N-CH2-COOH v C2H6. S cht c kh nng trng hp to polime l:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
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Cu 28: X cha (C, H, O) v CTPT trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Trong X c 46,15%C; 4,615%H,
cn li l oxi. Bit X tc dng vi H2 c xc tc Ni theo t l 1 : 1; phn ng vi NaOH nng cho ra mt
mui v hai cht hu c trong c mt cht cho phn ng trng gng. Vy X c CTCT l:
A. C2H5-OOC-COO-CH=CH2.
B. HOOC-COO-CH=CH-CH3.
C. CH3-OOC-COO-CH=CH2.
D. CH3-OOC-COO-CH=CH-CH3.
Cu 29: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t l C5H8O2. Cho 10 gam X tc dng hon ton, va vi dung
dch NaOH thu c dung dch Y. Ly ton b dung dch Y tc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. S ng phn cu to ca X tha mn cc iu kin trn l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 30: M t hin tng th nghim no sau y khng ng:
A. un nng dung dch lng trng trng, xut hin kt ta trng.
B. Nh vi git dung dch HNO3 vo dung dch lng trng trng thy xut hin kt ta mu
vng.
C. t chy mt mu lng trng trng xut hin mi kht nh mi tc chy.
D. Nh vi git dung dch NaOH v dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch lng trng trng, trn u
thy xut hin mu vng.
Cu 31: Cho 8,325 gam hn hp glyxin v axit glutamic tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M (d)
thu c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y tc dng va vi 25 gam dung dch NaOH 34%. Phn trm s
mol axit glutamic v glyxin ln lt l:
A. 45% v 55%.
B. 50% v 50%.
C. 40% v 60%.
D. 30% v 70%.
Cu 32: ipeptit X, hexapeptit Y u mch h v cng c to ra t mt amino axit no, mch h
trong phn t c mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH. Cho 13,2 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch
HCl d, lm kh cn thn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,3 gam cht rn. Vy khi t chy hon
ton 0,1 mol Y th cn t nht bao nhiu mol O2 nu sn phm chy thu c gm CO2, H2O, N2:
A. 2,25 mol.
B. 1,35 mol.
C. 0,975 mol.
D. 1,25 mol.
Cu 33:Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 70% ri hp th ton b kh thot ra vo 4 lt dung dch
NaOH 0,5M (D = 1,05g/ml) thu c dung dch cha 2 mui c tng nng l 3,211%. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 384,7
B. 135,0
C. 270,0
D. 192,9
Cu 34: Polime no di y thc t khng s dng sn xut cht do:
A. Poli(vinyl clorua).
B. Poliacrilonitrin.
C. Polimetylmetacrylat.
D. Poliphenol-fomanehit.
Cu 35:Hn hp X gm 3 axit n chc mch h trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tip v mt
axit khng no c mt lin kt i. Cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaOH. trung
ha lng NaOH d cn 200ml dung dch HCl 1M v thu c dung dch D. C cn cn thn D thu
c 52,58 gam cht rn khan E. t chy hon ton E ri hp th ton b sn phm kh v hi vo
bnh ng dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng bnh tng 44,14 gam. Thnh phn % khi lng axit
khng no l:
A. 44,89
B. 44,20
C. 40,57
D. 36,28
Cu 36: Mt mui X c CTPT C3H10O3N2. Ly 19,52 gam X cho phn ng vi 200 ml dung dch KOH
1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn v phn hi. Trong phn hi c cht hu c Y
n chc bc I v phn rn ch l hn hp cc cht v c c khi lng m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 18,4 gam
B. 13,28 gam
C. 21,8 gam
D. 19,8 gam
Cu 37: iu khng nh no sau y khng ng:
A. un nng ancol metylic vi axit H2SO4 c 170oC khng thu c anken.
B. Anilin khng lm nc qu tm ho xanh.
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C. Phenol tc dng vi dung dch nc brom to kt ta trng.


D. Tt c cc ancol no a chc u ho tan c Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam.
Cu 38: nhn bit cc cht etanol, propenol, etylenglycol, phenol c th dng cp cht:
A. nc brom v dung dch NaOH.
B. nc brom v Cu(OH)2.
C. dung dch NaOH v Cu(OH)2.
D. dung dch KMnO4 v Cu(OH)2.
Cu 39: trung ha 28,8 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, ancol propylic v pcresol cn 150 mldung
dch NaOH 2M. Ha tan 28,8 gam hn hp trn trong nhexan ri cho Na d vo th thu c 4,48 lt
kh hiro (ktc). Lng axit axetic trong hn hp bng:
A. 0,1 mol.
B. 0,2 mol.
C. 0,3 mol.
D. 0,4 mol.
Cu 40:Cho cc pht biu sau:
1. Tinh th SiO2 ch cha lin kt n
2. Nc , photpho trng, iot, naptalen u c cu trc tinh th phn t
3. Phn ln cha nhiu photpho nht l supephotphat kp
4. Trong cc HX (X: halogen) th HF c nhit si cao nht
5. Bn nhiu phn m amoni s lm cho t chua
6. Kim cng, than ch, Fuleren l cc dng th hnh ca cacbon
S pht biu ng l:
A. 6
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
2

Cu 41: Dung dch Y cha ba ion: Na+ , K+ , SO 4 . thu dc dung dch Y khng th ha tan ng
thi hai cht no sau y vo nc:
A. NaOH v KHSO4 theo t l mol 1 : 1.
B. Na2SO4 v KHSO4.
C. KOH v NaHSO4 theo t l mol 1 : 1.
D. Na2SO4 v K2SO4.
Cu 42: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp Z thu c khi lng H2O t hn khi lng CO2 l 5,46 gam. Nu ly 1/2 lng
hn hp Z trn cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va th sau phn ng thu c 3,9 gam hn
hp mui khan. Cng thc hai axit trong Z l
A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
B. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Cu 43: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) Axit cacboxylic l nhng hp cht c cng thc CnH2n + 1COOH.
(2) Axit cacboxylic l nhng hp cht m trong phn t c cha nhm cacboxyl (COOH).
(3) Tnh axit ca axit cacboxylic yu hn tnh axit ca cc phenol.
(4) Tnh axit ca axit RCOOH (R l ankyl) gim dn khi R tng.
(5) Trong dung dch cc axit cacboxylic phn li hon ton.
Nhng pht biu ng l:
A. (1), (2) v (3).
B. (1), (2) v (4).
C. (2) v (4).
D. (2), (3) v (5).
Cu 44: Hn hp X gm a mol Fe,b mol FeCO3 v c mol FeS2. Cho X vo bnh dung tch khng i
cha khng kh (d), nung n cc phn ng xy ra hon ton sau a v nhit u thy p sut
trong bnh bng p sut trc khi nung. uan h ca a, b, c l:
A. a = b + c
B. 4a + 4c = 3b
C. b = c + a
D. a + c = 2b
Cu 45: Cho 5,7 gam hn hp bt P gm Mg, Al, Zn, Cu tc dng hon ton vi oxi d thu c hn
hp rn c khi lng l 8,1 gam. Th tch ti thiu dung dch HCl 1M cn dng ho tan hon
ton Q l:
A. 180 ml.
B. 270 ml.
C. 300 ml.
D. 360 ml.

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Cu 46:Cho a mol Al tan hon ton trong dung dch cha b mol HCl thu c dung dch X. Thm
dung dch cha d mol NaOH vo X thu c c mol kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca d c tnh theo biu
thc:
A. d = a + b + c
B. d = a + b c
C. d = a + 3b + c
D. d = a + 3b - c
Cu 47: Chn nhn xt sai:
A. penixilin, amphetamin, ancol etylic, nicotin, sedusen, erythromyxin, moocphin, cafein l
nhng cht gy nghin, cht ma ty.
B. CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, H2S, CFC u l cc cht gy nhim khng kh.
C. Cc cht hu c gy nhim t l 2,4-D; 2,4,5-T; DDT; hexacloran.
D. Ch v hp cht ca ch rt c vi ngi v ng vt.
Cu 48: Cho mt lng ancol E i vo bnh ng Na (d), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy
khi lng bnh tng thm 6,3 gam v c 1,568 lt kh H2 (ktc) thot ra. Cng thc ancol E l:
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C2H5OH.
Cu 49: S ng phn mch h c cng thc phn t C4H9NO2 (cht X) khi phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH iu kin thng to ra amoniac l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 50: Cho cc chuyn ha sau:
xt ,t
Y
X + H2O
o

Ni ,t
Sobitol
Y + H2
Y + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O amoni gluconat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
o

xt
E+Z
Y

as,clorophin
Z + H2O X + G
X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. Xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic.
C. Tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic.

B. Tinh bt, glucoz v kh cacbonic.


D. Xenluloz, saccaroz v kh cacbonic.

Trang 110/305

THI TH QUC GIA NM 2015


S 20
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Chia hn hp gm Mg v Fe c khi lng 8,64 gam thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn (1): ho tan hon ton vo dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c hn hp kh gm 0,02 mol NO
v 0,025 mol N2O (khng to thnh NH4NO3).
- Phn (2): ha tan vo 400 ml dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau phn ng thu c cht rn
gm ba kim loi c khi lng 7,68 gam. Ha tan cht rn ny trong dung dch HCl d thy khi
lng cht rn gim i 21,88%.
Nng ca dung dch AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch ln lt l:
A. 0,05M v 0,25M. B. 0,1M v 0,15M. C. 0,15M v 0,25M. D. 0,05M v 0,15M.
Cu 2: Nhit phn hon ton m gam hn hp gm Fe(NO3)2 v Al(NO3)3 thu c hn hp kh X.
Trn hn hp kh X vi 112 ml kh O2 (ktc) c hn hp kh Y. Hp th hon ton hn hp kh Y
vo H2O c 3,5 lt dung dch c pH = 1,7 (khng thy c kh thot ra). Gi tr m l
A. 7,75 gam.
B. 6,83 gam.
C. 5,73 gam.
D. 8,45 gam.
Cu 3: Cho 0,2 mol hn hp X cha hai este n chc tc dng va vi 600 ml dung dch NaOH
0,5M. Sau phn ng thu c 25,2 gam mui khan v 4,6 gam ancol. Hai este l
A. etyl fomat v phenyl fomat.
B. etyl axetat v benzyl axetat.
C. etyl fomat v benzyl fomat.
D. etyl axetat v phenyl fomat.
Cu 4: Trong ng nghim ng nc c cha 0,1 mol Mg2+; 0,2 mol Ca2+; 0,3 mol Na+, 0,05 mol
SO42- ; 0,1 mol Cl- v x mol HCO3-. ng nghim trn sau khi un nng l
A. nc cng vnh cu.
B. nc cng ton phn.
C. nc mm.
D. nc cng tm thi.
Cu 5: Ho tan ht 19,0 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al v Fe trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng
thu c 0,7 mol SO2. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c l
A. 48,9 gam.
B. 86,2 gam.
C. 103,65 gam.
D. 138,2 gam.
Cu 6: Hn hp X gm hai axit hu c l ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 0,15 mol X thu
c 9,24 gam CO2 v 3,78 gam H2O. Hai axit l
A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
B. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. CH2=CHCOOH v CH2=C(CH3)COOH.
Cu 7: Dy c dung dch khng tc dng vi anilin l:
A. Br2, KOH, HCl.
B. FeCl2, HCl, AlCl3.
C. HCl, Br2, NaHSO4.
D. Br2, HNO3, H2SO4.

Trang 111/305

Cu 8: hiro ha butan thu c 4,48 lt hn hp X gm butan, buten, butaien v hiro. Nh


dung dch brom 1M vo X khuy u, n khi dung dch brom khng b nht mu th ht 80 ml. Tnh t
khi ca X so vi H2:
A. 17,4.
B. 11,6.
C. 36,25.
D. 22,5.
Cu 9: Cho 1,12 gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,1M.
Sau phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn c khi lng l
A. 3,44 gam.
B. 2,00 gam.
C. 4,56 gam.
D. 1,72 gam.
Cu 10: Cho but-2-in tc dng vi dung dch axit bromhiric d, sn phm chnh thu c l:
A. 1,1-ibrombutan. B. 1-brombut-2-en. C. 1,2-ibrombutan. D. 2,2-ibrombutan.
Cu 11: Trong qu trnh pin in ho ZnCu hot ng, ta nhn thy
A. nng ca ion Cu2+ trong dung dch tng.
B. khi lng ca in cc Zn tng.
C. khi lng ca in cc Cu gim.
D. nng ca ion Zn2+ trong dung dch tng.
Cu 12: Cho 2,96 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Cu ha tan ht trong H2SO4 1M c 0,672 lt (ktc) kh.
Nu cho 11,84 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, ngui, d th thu c V lt (ktc)
kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,896.
B. 8,064.
C. 0.672.
D. 3,584.
Cu 13: Cho t t V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo 200ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,5M v Al2(SO4)3
0,25M. th biu din khi lng kt ta theo V nh hnh di. Gi tr ca a v b tng ng l:
A. 0,1 v 0,25
B. 7,8 v 0,4
C. 7,8 v 0,3
D. 0,1 v 0,3

Cu 14: Thm 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo cc ng 100 ml dung dch AlCl 3 xM, khuy u thu
c 0,1 mol kt ta. Nu thm tip 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo cc, khuy u th thu c 0,14
mol kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,2.
B. 1,6.
C. 0,8.
D. 2,0.
Cu 15:S amin c cng thc phn t C4H11N khng to bt kh vi axit nitr nhit thng l:
A. 3
B. 8
C. 6
D. 4
Cu 16: Mt hp cht hu c X c thnh phn khi lng ca C, H, Cl ln lt l 14,28%, 1,19% v
84,53%. S ng phn cu to ca X l:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 17: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp hai ankan thu c 9,45 gam H2O. Cho sn phm chy
vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 37,5 gam.
B. 15 gam.
C. 52,5 gam.
D. 42,5 gam.
Cu 18: t chy hon ton hn hp Y gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) v 12,6 gam nc. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi ancol
trong hn hp l:
A. 44,7% v 55,3%. B. 44,3% v 55,7%. C. 25% v 75%.
D. 43,4% v 56,6%.
Cu 19: S lng amino axit ng vi cng thc C4H9O2N l:
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A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm hai ancol CnH2n+1OH v CmH2m+1OH. un nng X vi dung dch H2SO4
170oC th thu c hn hp hai anken l cht kh iu kin thng, cn 140 oC th thu c hn
hp ete, trong c mt ete c khi lng phn t bng khi lng phn t ca mt trong hai ancol.
Mi quan h gia m v n (m > n) l:
A. m = n +1.
B. m = 2n.
C. n = 2m.
D. m = n + 2
Cu 21:Dy no sau y gm cc kim loi thng c sn xut bng phng php thy luyn:
A. Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn
B. Pb, Fe, Ag, Cu
C. Cu, Ag, Hg, Au
D. Al, Fe, Pb, Hg
Cu 22: Trong th nghim nh hnh v hai ng nghim nh nhau u cha lng kh NO2 nh nhau v
c nt kn ch ni hai nhnh, mt ng c un nng, ng kia c cho vo chu nc . Kt
lun no di y ng:
A. ng nghim bn tri c mu nht hn ng nghim bn phi.
B. ng nghim bn tri c p sut ln hn
C. ng nghim bn phi ch cha kh N2O4
D. ng nghim bn tri cha lng kh nng hn ng nghim bn phi.

Chu nc

Cu 23: Cho cc cht sau: anilin, phenol, amoniac, metylamin, natri hiroxit, amoni clorua, axit 2,3imetylpropanoic, glyxin, natri axetat. S cht m dung dch ca chng lm i mu qu tm thnh
xanh l:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 24: Trong cc phn ng ho hc di y, phn ng no chuyn dch theo chiu t tri sang phi
(chiu thun) khi tng p sut ca h:
A. 2 SO2(k)+ O2(k)2SO3(k).

B. C (r)+ H2O(k)CO(k)+ H2(k).

C. H2(k)+ I2(k)2HI(k).

D. CaCO3(r)CaO(r)+ CO2(k).

Cu 25: Cho cc cht sau: metanol, anilin, etyl benzoat, phenol, axit butiric, natri phenolat,
phenylamoni clorua, etylen glicol, anllyl bromua, o-metylphenol. C bao nhiu cht tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng hoc un nng):
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 7.
D. 3.
Cu 26: C su cc dung dch ring bit, trong khng kh cha: H2SO4, AgNO3, FeCl3, ZnCl2, HCl
c ln AlCl3, H2SO4 c ln CuSO4. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh kim loi thic nguyn cht.
S cc xy ra s n mn in ho l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
2+
Cu 27: Anion X v cation Y u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc
nguyn t X v Y trong bng tun hon ln lt l:
A. Chu k 4, nhm VIIA v chu k 3 nhm VIA.
B. Chu k 3, nhm VIA v chu k 4 nhm IIIA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA v chu k 4 nhm IIA.
D. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA v chu k 3 nhm IIA.
Cu 28: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic hai chc X v mt este Y l
ng phn ca X cn 7,84 lt oxi thu c 17,6g CO2 v m gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,4.
B. 2,7.
C. 1,8.
D. 3,6.
Trang 113/305

Cu 29: t chy hon ton m gam mt ancol thu c 0,03 mol CO2 v 0,04 mol H2O. em ancol
thc hin phn ng tch nc hon ton 170oC c xc tc H2SO4 c thu c mt anken lm
mt mu va ht V ml dung dch Br2 0,2M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 100ml.
B. 50ml.
C. 80ml.
D. 150ml.
Cu 30: Cht no di y c ng phn hnh hc:
A. 2-metylpent-2-en.
B. anehit butiric.
C. vinyl metacrylat.
D. 1,3-iclobuta-1,3-ien.
Cu 31: Cho t t n ht 300 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch Na2CO3 2M, thu c V
lt kh (ktc) v dung dch A.Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch A, c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v
m ln lt l:
A. 3,36 v 9,85.
B. 4,48 v 0,0.
C. 3,36 v 19,7.
D. 2,24 v 19,7.
Cu 32: SO2 v SO3 cng phn ng c vi dung dch
A. BaCl2.
B. Brom.
C. Na2CO3.
D. NaCl.
Cu 33: Dy gm cc cht v ion u c tnh lng tnh l
A. ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Pb(OH)2.
B. Mg(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Sn(OH)2.
C. HCO3 , HSO4 , HS , Al(OH)3.
D. HCO3-, H2O, Cu(OH)2, Cr2O3.
Cu 34:Trong thin nhin,hiro c 3 ng v vi s khi ln lt l 1, 2, 3 v oxi c 3 ng v c s
khi ln lt l 16, 17, 18. S loi phn t H2O ti a c th hnh thnh t cc ng v trn l:
A. 12
B. 27
C. 18
D. 24
Cu 35: t chy hon ton hn hp hai este no, n chc cn 3,976 lt oxi ktc, thu c 6,38 gam
kh CO2. Cho lng este ny tc dng va vi NaOH, thu c hn hp hai ancol k tip v 3,28
gam mui ca mt axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai este l
A. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5.
B. HCOOC2H5 v HCOOC3H7.
C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7.
D. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC3H7.
Cu 36: Thu phn x gam tinh bt trong mi trng axit, sau mt thi gian ly hn hp phn ng em
lm ngui ri nh vo hai git dung dch iot khng thy xut hin mu xanh. em trung ho axit ri
cho dung dch thu c phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca x
l
A. 84,6.
B. 64,8.
C. 48,6.
D. 97,2.
Cu 37: Dy cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh axit (t tri sang phi) l:
A. HCl, H2S, NH3.
B. HI, HBr, HCl, HF.
C. H3PO4, H2SiO3, H2SO4.
D. HClO2, HClO3, HClO4.
Cu 38: Mt bnh kn ch cha cc cht: axetilen (0,3mol), propin (0,4mol) v hidro (0,5mol) v mt t bt
Niken. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 l 15,5. Kh X phn ng va
vi 0,6mol AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c m gam kt ta v 8,96 lit hn hp kh Y (ktc). Kh Y
phn ng ti a vi 0,2mol Br2 trong dung dch. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 78,4
B. 78,6
C. 77,2
D. 77,4

Cu 39: Kt lun no sai v metylamin:


A. hai l ng dung dch HCl v metylamin c cnh nhau thy c khi trng.
B. Sc metylamin vo dung dch Fe(NO3)3 xut hin kt ta nu, sau kt ta tan.
C. Metylamin c tnh baz mnh hn amoniac nhng yu hn etylamin.
D. Chodung dch metylamoni clorua phn ng vi NaOH thy c kh mi khai thot ra.
Cu 40: Cho phng trnh phn ng: Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + N2+ NO + H2O. Hn hp N2 v NO
sinh ra c t khi hi so vi khng kh bng 1. H s ca Zn: HNO3 bng
Trang 114/305

A. 13: 30.
B. 13: 32.
C. 13: 26.
D. 7: 18.
Cu 41: Cht X c cng thc C6H10O4. Cho 1 mol X phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c cht Y v

hn hp ancol Z. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c thu c metyl etyl ete. Cht Y phn ng vi dung dch
H2SO4 long d thu c cht T. Cht T phn ng vi dung dch HBr, thu c 2 sn phm l ng phn cu
to ca nhau. Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Cht X l este 2 chc ca ancol 2 chc
B. Cht Y lm mt mu dung dch Br2
C. Cht T l axit n chc
D. Cht Y c cng thc phn t C3H2O4Na2

Cu 42:Cho cc cht sau:triolein(I), tripanmitin(II), tristearin(III). Nhit nng chy ca cc cht


c sp xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. (II), (III), (I)
B. (III), (II), (I)
C. (II), (I), (III)
D. (I), (II), (III)
Cu 43: Trn hn hp hai anehit no n chc k tip vi lng kh oxi bng 1,5 ln lng cn cho
phn ng vo bnh kn 135oC v 1,1 atm. t chy hon ton hn hp, sau a v nhit ban
u thy p sut bnh l 1,25 atm. Cng thc ca hai anehit l:
A. HCHO v CH3CHO.
B. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO.
C. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
D. C4H9CHO v C3H7CHO.

Cu 44: Cho m gam P2O5 tc dng vi 500ml dung dch NaOH 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 169m/71 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 22,72
B. 21,300
C. 35,50
D. 28,40

Cu 45: phn bit bn dung dch glucoz, anehit fomic, etanol, etylen glicol, c th dng:
A. dung dch Br2.
B. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
C. Cu(OH)2/NaOH.
D. CuO.
Cu 46: Kh CO2 sinh ra khi ln men ancol mt lng glucoz c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d
thu c 40 gam kt ta. Th tch ancol etylic thu c l (khi lng ring ca ancol etylic =
0,8g/ml):
A. 23 ml.
B. 14,71 ml.
C. 46 ml.
D. 18,4 ml.
Cu 47: Hn hp A gm X, Y (MX < MY) l 2 este n chc c chung gc axit. un nng m gam A vi
400 ml dung dch KOH 1M d thu c dung dch B v (m 12,6) gam hn hp hi gm 2 anehit no,
n chc ng ng k tip c t khi hi so vi H2 l 26,2. C cn dung dch B thu c (m + 6,68)
gam cht rn khan. % khi lng ca X trong A l:
A. 54,66%
B. 45,55%
C. 36,44%
D. 30,37%
Cu 48: Cho cc hn hp cht rn vi s mol bng nhau: Al v Na (1); NaOH v Ba(HCO3)2 (2);
Na2O v Al2O3 (3); Na2CO3 v Ba(OH)2 (4); KHSO4 v NaOH (5). S lng cc hn hp khi ho tan
trong nc d ch to dung dch l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 1.
Cu 49:Oxi ha hon ton 3,1 gam P trong kh O2 d. Cho ton b sn phm vo 200ml dung dch
NaOH 1M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong X l:
A. 12,0 gam
B. 14,2 gam
C. 11,1 gam
D. 16,4 gam
Cu 50: Hn hp X gm cc cht Y (C3H10N2O4) v cht Z (C4H8N2O3); trong Y l mui ca axit
a chc, Z l ipeptit mch h. Cho 28,08 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu
c 0,12mol hn hp kh u lm xanh qu tm m. Mt khc 28,08 gam X tc dng vi dung dch
HCl d thu c m gam cht hu c. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 37,65
B. 39,15
C. 39,69
D. 36,54

Trang 115/305

P N V HNG DN GII CHI TIT


1D

2A

3A

4B

S 1
5B
6B

11C

12C

13A

14C

15B

16D

17B

18D

19B

20D

21A

22A

23B

24B

25D

26C

27C

28C

29D

30B

31C

32D

33A

34A

35C

36C

37A

38C

39C

40C

41B

42D

43D

44C

45D

46D

47A

48A

49C

50A

7A

8D

9D

10B

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n D
- S mol cc cht: Ala = 0,8; Gly = 0,7.
- Gi s s lng mt xch trong mi phn t peptit to thnh ln lt l x, y, z v s mol tng ng l
a, a v 2a (a > 0; x, y, z 2; x, y, z Z).
- Phn ng thy phn:
m (gam) X + (ax + ay + 2az 4a) mol H2O 71,20 gam Ala + 52,50 gam Val
Cch 1.
m = 71,20 + 52,50 mH2O = 123,7 18(ax + ay + 2az 4a) = 123,7 18.1,5 + 18.4a = 96,7 + 72a
(v ax + ay + 2az = nAla + nGly = 1,5).
+ Nu chn A a = 0 loi.
+ Nu chn B a = 0,07 x + y + 2z = 150/7 (loi v l).
+ Nu chn C a = 0,05 x + y + 2z = 30 (loi v x - 1 + y - 1 + z - 1 < 10 x + y + z < 13
x + y + 2z < 13 + z < 22).
chn D.
Cch 2.
- Bo ton khi lng ta c: m = 71,20 + 52,50 mH2O = 123,7 mH2O.
- Nhn thy: khi lng ca hn hp X (m) t gi tr nh nht nu khi lng nc s dng cho phn
ng thy phn l ln nht. iu ny xy ra khi s mol lin kt peptit l ln nht hay hn hp X gm 3
peptit c s lin kt peptit l 1, 1 v 7 tng ng vi s mol x, x v 2x. Khi ta c:
+ nH2O = x + x + 7.2x = 16x.
+ nAla + nGly = 2x + 2x + 8.2x = 20x = 0,8 + 0,7 = 1,5 x = 0,075.
mmin = 123,7 18.16.0,075 = 102,1 ch c D ph hp.
Li bnh: y l cu hi kh thuc phn peptit protein (chng trnh 12). Tng t cu trong
thi i hc khi B 2014 dng phn loi hc sinh.
Cu 2: p n A
- uy i hn hp X v Fe (x mol) v O2 (y mol) 56x + 32y = 11,44 (1).
- Kt ta thu c t phn I l Fe(OH)3: nFe(OH)3 = 0,06 nOH- (phn ng vi H+ d) = nKOH 3nFe(OH)3 =
0,015 nH+ d = 0,015.2 = 0,03mol.
- Cc bn phn ng:
Trang 116/305

NO3- + 4H+ + 3e NO + 2H2O


0,08 0,32 0,24 0,08
NO3- + 2H+ + e NO2 + H2O
a
2a a
a
+
O2 + 4e + 4H 2H2O
y 4y 4y
Fe Fe3+ + 3e
x
x
3x
+
Bo ton H : 0,32 + 2a + 4y + 0,03 = 0,25.2 + 0,15 = 0,65 2a + 4y = 0,3 (2).
Bo ton e: 3x = 4y + 0,24 + a (3). Gii h (1), (2) v (3) x = 0,17; y = 0,06; a = 0,03.
- Cc ion to kt ta vi Ba(OH)2 d ca phn II l: SO42- (0,125mol); Fe3+ (0,085mol) m =
0,125.233 + 0,085.107 = 38,22 gam chn A.
Li bnh: y l cu hi kh ca bi ton ba thnh phn: cht kh + H+ + NO3-. Tng t cu trong
thi i hc khi B 2014 dng phn loi hc sinh.
Cu 3: p n A
2P1 + 2P2 + N1 + N2 = 142 (1);
2P1 + 2P2 N1 N2 = 42 (2);
2P2 2P1 =12 (3)
T (1), (2), (3) P1 = 20; P2 = 26 2 kim loi l Ca v Fe.
Li bnh: Cu ny thuc kin thc lp 10, hc sinh ch cn t n gii h. y l mt cu hi c bn.
Cu 4: p n B
- Ta c: naxit + nancol = 2nH2 = 0,05; t l mol ancol : axit = 2 : 3 nancol = 0,02mol; naxit = 0,03mol.
- Phn ng este ha: RCOOH + CH3OH RCOOCH3 + H2O
neste = nancol = 0,02 Meste = 1,48/0,02 = 74 Este l C3H6O2 Cng thc este l CH3COOCH3
axit l CH3COOH.
Li bnh: Cu ny thuc kin thc lp 10, hc sinh ch cn t n gii h. y l mt dng cu hi c
bn trong cc thi.
Cu 5: p n B
- tn ti dung dch, cc ion trong dung dch phi khng c phn ng vi nhau loi A v D v OH
to kt ta vi Mg2+.
- p dng bo ton in tch nNO3 0,1 0, 2.2 0,1 0, 2 0, 4mol.
- p dng bo ton khi lng: mmui = mcation + manion = 0,1.39 + 0,2.24 + 0,1.23 + 0,2.35,5 +
0,4.62 = 42,9 gam chn B.
Li bnh: Cu ny thuc phn kin thc chng S in ly lp 11 tng t cu trong thi khi B
2014.
Cu 6: p n B
Tc dng c vi H2O gm kim loi nhm IA; cc kim loi Ca, Ba, Sr nhm IIA.
Li bnh: Cu ny l cu c bn thuc phn kin thc chng i cng kim loi chng trnh
Ha hc lp 12.
Cu 7: p n A
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra l:

Trang 117/305

KNO3 KNO2
0,1

1
O2 1
2
0, 05

Cu NO3 2 CuO 2 NO2

1
O2 2
2

1
O2 H 2O 2 HNO3 3
2
Ta thy t l phn ng ca kh phng trnh (3) ng bng t l kh sinh ra phng trnh (2) nn ta
coi nh ton b kh ca phng trnh 2 sinh ra b hp th ht, cn li 1,12 lt kh sinh ra l O2 ca
2 NO2

phng trnh (1) mKNO3 10,1 gam mCu NO3 18,8 gam %mCu NO3 65,05%.
2

Li bnh: y l bi ton nhit phn thuc chng Nit, Photpho. Cc em cn lu phng trnh
nhit phn.
Cu 8: p n D
Cu ny cc em hc sinh ch cn nh dy in ha thuc chng i cng kim loi - lp 12. y l
mt cu hi d ly im trong thi.
Cu 9: p n D
y l cu hi c bn thuc chng Cacbohirat.
Ch c isaccarit v polisaccarit thy phn cn monosaccarit th khng.
Cu 10: p n B
Phn ng ln lt xy ra nh sau:

H CO32 HCO3
0,1

0,1

0,1

H HCO3 CO2 H 2O
0, 2

0, 2

0, 2

VCO2 4, 48 lit.
Li bnh: Cu ny hc sinh ch phn ng xy ra theo tng nc nu khng s dn n s sai lm.
Cu ny thuc phn cacbon lp 11. y l dng ton c bn.
Cu 11: p n C
p dng bo ton e: 3nAl 2nH2 0,045.2 nAl = 0,03.
mAl = 0,81 gam mAl2O3 2,04 gam %mAl2O3 71,58%.
Li bnh: y l dng bi tp v phn Nhm v rt c bn. Cc em hc sinh ch p dng nh lut
bo ton electron l gii c.
Cu 12: p n C
p dng bo ton e: nFeSO4 5nKMnO4 0,05mol mFeSO4 7,6 gam mFe2 SO 4 2, 4 gam
3

%mFe2 SO 4 24%.
3

Li bnh: Cu ny ch cn ch : KMnO4 l cht oxi ha mnh ch phn ng vi cht kh l Fe2+


Dng phng php bo ton electron. Cu ny bao gm kin thc phn Fe lp 12 v phn oxi ha
kh lp 10.
Cu 13: p n A
Trang 118/305

Ta c: nCO (p) = nO (trong oxit) = 0,25 mFe = mhh oxit mO = 20,8 0,25.16 = 16,8 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc chng Cacbon Silic. y l 1 cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 14: p n C
Cu hi ny lin quan n kin thc chng Nguyn t v Lin kt ha hc Lp 10.
Da vo cu hnh e thy X l kim loi in hnh (nhm IA), Y l phi kim in hnh (nhm VIIA)
lin kt gia X v Y l lin kt ion.
Li bnh: y l 1 cu hi d cho im ca thi. Cc em hc sinh ch cn mt cht phn
nguyn t v lin kt ha hc ca chng trnh lp 10.
Cu 15: p n B
Ta xt cc trng hp sau:
- Nu hn hp khng c HCHO nRCHO

nAg

0,3 MRCHO = 33,3 V l (loi).


2
- Hn hp gm HCHO (x mol) v RCHO (x mol) nAg = 4x + 2x = 6x = 0,6 x = 0,1
mhh 01.30 0,1. R 29 10 R C3 H5CHO.
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn v phn ng trng bc ca Anehit chng trnh 11. Cc em hc
sinh cn nh cc trng hp trng bc ca andehit.
Cu 16: p n D
- Phn ng crckinh tng qut: Cn H 2n2 Cx H 2 x 2 Cy H 2 y .
- Nhn thy th tch ca hn hp sau phn ng tng ln so vi trc phn ng l th tch ca anken
sinh ra. Ta c: nX = 1 (tng ng vi 2,5V) nC5 H12 ban u = 0,4 (tng ng vi V)
nanken 1 0, 4 0,6 nBr2 .

Li bnh: y l dng cu hi c bn v phn ng crckinh ca ankan thuc chng Hidrocacbon no


Lp 11. Rt n gin v d ly im.
Cu 17: p n B
Ta c: M X 16, 4 mX 0,5.16, 4 8, 2 gam mY .
M Z 14 mZ 14.0,15 2,1.

Theo bo ton khi lng ta suy ra khi lng dung dch Br2 tng l:

mBr2 mY mZ 8, 2 2,1 6,1 gam.


Li bnh: Bi ton lin quan n t khi v khi lng dung dch tng gim sau phn ng. Cc em
hc sinh cn nh c cch tnh khi lng dung dch tng sau phn ng.
Cu 18: p n D
Dung dch c pH >7: CH3NH2, CH3COONa, H2NCH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH v K2CO3.
Li bnh: Hc sinh cn nm chc kin thc c bn v tnh axit, baz ca cc dung dch. Cu hi ny
lin quan n chng S in li Lp 11 v chng Amin, amino axit Lp 12.
Cu 19: p n B
- S phn ng: CH2=CHCOOH + CH3OH CH2=CHCOOCH3 (C4H6O2)n.
- Hiu sut chung ca c qu trnh: H = 62,5%.80% = 50%.
- Khi lng cc cht cn dng: maxit

72.86.100
32.86.100
144 gam ; mancol
64 gam
86.50
86.50

Li bnh: y l bi tp tnh ton c lin quan n yu t hiu sut. Trong bi ton ny cc em cn


Trang 119/305

xc nh hiu sut chung ca c qu trnh, t gii bi ton s rt n gin v nhanh gn.


Cu 20: p n D
Cu ny cc em hc sinh ch cn suy lun mt cht, sn phm cui l CH3COONa Z c th l
CH3COOH Y l CH3CHO X l C2H5OH.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cp n mi quan h chuyn ha v tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht hu
c.iu ny yu cu cc em hc sinh cn nm chc c tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht v mi quan
h chuyn ha gia chng.
Cu 21: p n A
T nhn to xut pht t polime thin nhin nhng c ch bin thm bng phng php ha hc
T xenluloz ch to ra t visco, t axetat.
Cu 22: p n A
- Phn ng: R(NH2)COOH + HCl R(NH3Cl)COOH.
- na.a = nmui = 0,1 Mmui = 11,15/0,1 = 111,5 = R + 97,5 R = 14 (CH2)
Amino axit l CH2(NH2)COOH (glyxin).
Li bnh: y l dng cu hi quen thuc thuc chng trnh lp 12 phn Amino axit. Cu ny n
gin v d ly im.
Cu 23: p n B
- Nhm ankyl c nh hng lm tng mt electron nguyn t nit do lm tng lc baz, cng
nhiu nhm ankyl lc baz cng mnh; nhm phenyl (-C6H5) lm gim mt electron nguyn t
nit lm gim lc baz; cng nhiu nhm phenyl lc baz cng yu.
- Lc baz: C6H5NH2 < NH3 < CH3NH2 < CH3NHCH3.
Li bnh: y l cu hi so snh tnh baz ca cc amin rt quen thuc trong phn Amin chng
trnh lp 12. tr li c cu hi ny, hc sinh phi nm c nh hng ca cc gc
hidrocacbon n lc baz ca cc amin.
Cu 24: p n B
Khi lng chung hai ancol l: mhh 1,38 1, 2 2,58 gam ; nhh 2nH2 0,05mol
M hh ancol

2,58
= 51, 6 .
0, 05

V hn hp gm 2 ancol k tip nn 2 ancol l C2H5OH (46) v C3H7OH (60).


Li bnh: y l dng cu hi cho im ca bi thi, hc sinh ch cn p dng phng php trung
bnh.
C 25: p n D
y l cu hi l thuyt d thuc chng S in li.
CH3COOH l axit yu v l cht in ly yu.
Cu 26: p n C
- C: nCO2 0, 2mol nH2O este no, n chc, mch h CnH2nO2.
- S t chy: CnH2nO2 nCO2.
Trang 120/305

Ta c:

6n
0, 2 n 2 Este l C2H4O2.
14n 32

Li bnh: y l bi tp d v phn ng t chy este thuc chng Este, Lipit. Cc em tnh c s


mol CO2 v s mol H2O, sau xc nh dng cng thc ca este.
Cu 27: p n C
Bc ca amin c tnh bng s nguyn t H trong phn t NH3 b thay th bi gc hidrocabon (hoc
bng s gc hidrocacbon gn vi N) Amin bc 2 l CH3NHCH3.
Li bnh: y l cu hi l thuyt rt d ly im trong thi, n c lin quan n amin.
Cu 28: p n C
Cho t t NaOH vo cc ng phenol c cha vi git phenolphthalein
NaOH + C6H5OH C6H5ONa + H2O
Khi lng NaOH d th cc bt u chuyn sang mu hng. Phenolphtalein dng nh thuc th trong
ha phn tch.
Cu 29: p n D
Ta c: nH2O = nNaOH = 0,04 (v cc axit u l n chc).
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: mmui = 2,53 + 0,04.40 0,72 = 3,41(g).
Cu 30: p n B
Khi lng mt mt xch l: 400000/4000 = 100.
CF2 CF2 12.2 19.4 100

Li bnh: y li l 1 cu hi cho im ca thi. Khi gp cc cu hi dng ny cc em cc k yn


tm v c th ly im t cu hi ny.
Cu 31: p n C
i t Li Cs bn knh nguyn t tng dn.
Kim loi

Li

Bn knh nguyn t (nm) 0,123

Na

Rb

Cs

0,157

0,203

0,216

0,235

Li bnh: y l dng cu hi l thuyt d lin quan n quy lut bin i tnh cht trong mt nhm A
chng bng tun hon lp 10.
Cu 32: p n D
Gly-Ala l i peptit khng c phn ng mu biure nn dng Cu(OH)2 nhn ra Gly-Ala-Val (sn
phm c mu tm).
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n tnh cht ha hc ca peptit thuc chng trnh lp 12. Hc
sinh cn ch t tripeptit tr ln s c phn ng mu biure.
Cu 33: p n A
Phn ng thun l ta nhit, vy khi nhng vo nc (gim nhit ) th phn ng xy ra theo chiu
thun (theo nguyn l Losatolier) to N2O4 khng mu mu nu nht dn.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc phn chuyn dch cn bng ha hc Lp 10. Hc sinh cn nm c
Trang 121/305

ngha ca H v s nh hng ca nhit chuyn dch cn bng.


Cu 34: p n A
C: nCO2 0, 2mol ; nOH 0,3mol 1 nOH / nCO2 0,3 / 0, 2 1,5 2
Phn ng to hai mui HCO3- x (mol) v CO32- y (mol).
Ta c:

x y 0, 2
x 0,1

x 2y 0,3 y 0,1
Ca 2 CO32 CaCO3
0,1

0,1

0,1

Vy khi lng kt ta thu c l: mCaCO3 0,1.100 10 gam.


Cu 35: p n C
Cu hi ny thuc chng Phn ng oxi ha kh - Lp 10.
Phng trnh hon chnh: 4Mg + 10HNO3 4Mg(NO3)2 + N2O + 5H2O Tng h s = 24.
Li bnh: Cu ny l phn ng oxi ha kh, hc sinh cn xc nh c cc cht cho nhn e.
Cu 36: p n C
- Th t cc phn ng:
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (1)
HCl + NaAlO2 + H2O NaCl + Al(OH)3 (2)
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O (3)
- Khi nHCl 0,8 mol mi bt u c kt ta nNaOH a 0,8 .
- Nhnh tri v phi ca th tng ng vi cc phng trnh: nAl OH nHCl 0,8 v
3

nAl OH
3

4nNaAlO2
3

nHCl 0,8
4b 2,8 0,8
2 0,8
b = 1,4 a : b = 4 : 7.

3
3
3

Li bnh: y l cu hi v th t phn ng trong dung dch, tng t 1 cu trong thi tuyn sinh
i hc khi A 2014. Hc sinh cn lu kt ta c to ra khi no.
Cu 37: p n A
Hg c v d bay hi. S d dng kt hp vi Hg ngay nhit thng to mui rn HgS khng c.
Li bnh: y l 1 cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 38: p n C
- Dng Cu(OH)2 nhit thng chia cc cht cn nhn bit thnh 3 nhm:
+ Nhm to phc mu xanh lam m: glucoz, saccaroz (nhm I).
+ Nhm khng phn ng (khng ha tan Cu(OH)2): anehit axetic.
+ Nhm c phn ng to dung dch mu xanh: axit axetic.
- Dng Cu(OH)2 un nng nhn vi 2 cht trong nhm I nhn ra glucoz do to kt ta gch Cu2O.
Li bnh: y l cu hi d nhng i hi hc sinh phi nm c cc phn ng c trng ca cc
cht hu c.
Trang 122/305

Cu 39: p n C
Cc amin mun to kt ta vi dung dch Br2 phi c N gn trc tip vi vng benzen v t nht 1
trong cc v tr o- hoc p- so vi nhm chc amin khng c nhnh.
Cc cu to tha mn: C6H5NHCH3; C6H4(NH2)CH3 (3 ng phn o-; p-; m-).
Cu 40: p n C
y l cu hi l thuyt d phn nit v hp cht ca nit Lp 11.
Cc N2 c to ra N2:
NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O
2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl
2NH3 + 3CuO 3Cu + 3H2O + N2
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cc d, cc em cn nh cc phng trnh to kh N2.
Cu 41: p n B
Hc sinh ch cn nm c cch ph v lin kt trong phn ng thy phn khng hon ton.
- Loi A, D v khng to c Glu Gly.
- Loi C v khng to c Ala Gly.
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn v phn ng thy phn khng hon ton peptit, rt c li cho hc
sinh v y l phn kin thc va hc xong chng trnh lp 12.
Cu 42: p n D
Phn t HCl c to thnh t 1 nguyn t H v 1 nguyn t Cl. V H c 3 loi ng v nn c 3
hng la chn; Cl c 2 loi ng v nn c 2 hng la chn s phn t HCl l 2.3 = 6.
Li bnh: Vi cu hi ny cc em hc sinh cn nh c kin thc u nm lp 10, phn ng v chng nguyn t. y l 1 cu hi d ly im ca thi.
Cu 43: p n D
V nng ca cht kh t l thun vi p sut chung ca h nn khi tng p sut chung ca h ln 2
ln th nng ca H2 v N2 u tng gp i. Tc phn ng tng = 23.2 = 16 ln.
Cu 44: p n C
Cu hi ny cc em hc sinh cn nh tn ca cc loi qung.
Cu 45: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc chng Hidrocacbon khng no Lp 11.
Hc sinh ch cn nm c quy tc chn mch chnh v nh s th t khi gi tn anken.
Cu 46: p n D
im khc bit c bn gia Al v Cr l Al ch c ha tr III cn Cr ty thuc cht oxi ha tham gi phn
ng c th to thnh Cr(II) hoc Cr(III).
Cu 47: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n nhit si ca cc cht hu c thuc chng trnh ha hc
11.
lm c cu hi ny hc sinh cn nh:
- Nu cc cht c cng khi lng mol th nhit si gim theo th t: axit cacboxylic > ancol > ete.
Trang 123/305

- Nu cc cht cha cng loi chc ha hc th nhit si t l thun vi M.


Cu 48: p n A
Cc ion mun phn ng c vi Fe phi nm sau cp Fe2+/Fe trong dy in ha.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n dy in ha v tnh cht ha hc ca Fe.
Cu 49: p n C
- Gi cng thc ancol n chc CxHyO.
- Phn ng t chy:
y
y

Cx H y O x
0,5 O2 xCO2
H 2O
4
2

0,1
0,1 x
0,5 0,1x 0, 05 y
4

nkh v hi = 0,1x 0,05 y 0,5 0,1 x 0,5 0,75 y 8.


4

- V O2 d 0,1 x
0,5 0,5 x 3,5
4

ch c x = 3 ph hp m = 6,0 gam.
Li bnh: Khi gii bi ton t chy ancol cc em hc sinh cn ch :
Khi t chy ancol : n H2O > n CO2
n ancol chy = nH2O nCO2
Cu 50: p n A
- SO2 c iu ch t phn ng ca dung dch axit HCl vi mui sunfit rn.
- SO2 c phn ng vi dung dch kim. Thng s dng dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n phn iu ch v th tnh cht oxit axit ca SO2 chng
trnh lp 10 c s dng hnh v tng t trong thi khi A, B 2014.

Trang 124/305

S 2
1B

2C

3C

4C

5D

6A

7C

8C

9B

10C

11A

12B

13C

14A

15B

16C

17D

18C

19D

20D

21B

22A

23B

24A

25B

26A

27D

28C

29A

30A

31D

32A

33A

34A

35D

36B

37B

38D

39D

40C

41A

42D

43D

44D

45D

46D

47C

48C

49C

50D

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1. p n B
- Khi nh t t dung dch NaOH vo dung dch cha hn hp H2SO4 v AlCl3 phn ng xy ra ln
lt theo th t:
H+ + OH- H2O
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + 2H2O
- Theo th ta thy: nH+ = 2a = 0,8 a = 0,4. Phng trnh to kt ta: nNaOH = 2a + 3nAl(OH)3 (ng
vi qu trnh kt ta tng dn) v nNaOH = 2a + 4nAlCl3 - nAl(OH)3 (ng vi qu trnh ha tan kt ta)
2,8 = 0,8 + 4nAlCl3 - 0,4 nAlCl3 = b = 0,6 a:b = 2:3.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n th t phn ng trong dung dch thuc chng trnh Lp 11
v 12. Cu hi ny c s dng th tng t cu trong thi khi A 2014.
Cu 2: p n C.
Mnh ng l (1), (2), (3), (5)
(1) Nc cng c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+.
(2) C th lm mm nc cng ton phn bng dung dch K2CO3.
Nc cng ton phn gm c nc cng tm thi v nc cng vnh cu. Dung dch Na2CO3 cng
c dng lm mm nc cng
M2+ + CO32- MCO3
(3) Phn bit nc cng tm thi v nc cng vnh cu bng cch un nng.
un si nc cng tm thi to kt ta, nc cng vnh cu khng to kt ta:
M2+ + 2HCO3- MCO3 + CO2 + H2O
(4) Lm mm nc cng tm thi bng dung dch HCl.
M(HCO3)2 + HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O nn HCl khng lm gim tnh cng ca nc
(5) Dng NaOH va lm mm nc cng tm thi.
M(HCO3)2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + MCO3 + H2O
(M l Ca, Mg).
Li bnh: Cu ny rt quen, cc em cn nm chc khi nim nc cng.
Cu 3. p n C
- Y l H 4 NOOC COOH3 NCH 3 ; Z l ipeptit.
- Cho X tc dng vi NaOH, ch c Y to kh:

Trang 125/305

H 4 NOOC COOH3 NCH3 2 NaOH NH3 CH3 NH 2 COONa 2 2H 2O


nNH3 nCH3 NH2 0,12 nY 0,06 mY 8, 28 gam mZ 19,8 gam nZ 0,15mol

- Cho 28,08 gam X tc dng vi HCl thu c cc cht hu c theo s :

H 4 NOOC COOH3 NCH3 COOH 2


Z + H2O + 2HCl cc cht hu c
Bo ton khi lng m = mCOOH + mcht hu c = 0,06.90 + 19,8 + 0,15.18 + 0,15.2.36,5 = 38,85
2

gam.
Li bnh: Kin thc ca cu hi ny thuc chng Amin, Amino axit, tng t cu trong thi khi B
nm 2014.
Cu 4. p n C
y l cu hi c lin quan n kin thc tng hp v cht hu c.
- Mui thu c c phn ng trng bc phi c mui ca axit fomic HCOONa loi D.
- Ancol Z thu c c phn ng ha tan Cu(OH)2 Z c cha t nht 2 nhm OH lin k loi A.
- Nhn thy: nZ = neste = 0,1 MZ = 62 Z l CH2OH CH2OH chn C.
Cu 5. p n D
- Gi s hn hp 2 andehit n chc khng cha HCHO:
RCHO 2Ag
1
52, 4
52, 4 R = 23,4
nRCHO nAg 0,5 M RCHO
2
2.0,5
2 anehit lin tip l CH3CHO (x mol) v C2H5CHO (y mol)
52, 4
26, 2 2 x = 0,2; y = 0,3.
x y 0,5 1 v 44 x 58 y
2
- Y gm 2 ancol C2H5OH (0,2mol) v C3H7OH (0,3mol). Theo bi c 0,12mol C2H5OH v a mol
18
. 0,12 a 12, 09 a = 0,15 H = 50%.
C3H7OH to ete mete 0,12.46 60a
2
Li bnh: y l dng cu hi lin quan n anehit v ancol, tng t 1 cu trong thi i hc
khi B nm 2014.
Cu 6. p n A
- nhh = 0,3 + 0,5 + 0,8 = 1,6 mol; mhh 0,3.26 0,5.52 0,8.2 35, 4 mX
nX

35, 4
1mol nH 2
17, 7.2

phn ng

= nhh - nX = 0,6mol.

- nY = 0,45 ncc cht phn ng vi AgNO3 = 1 0,45 = 0,55.


- Cc cht phn ng vi AgNO3 l: CHCH (x mol); CH C CH CH 2 (y mol) v

CH C CH 2 CH3 (z mol) x + y + z = 0,55 (1); nAgNO3 2 x y z 0,7 (2).


Bo ton lin kt pi ta c: 2x + 3y + 2z = 0,3.2 + 0,5.3 0,6 0,1 = 1,4 (3). Gii h (1), (2) v (3)
x = 0,15; y = 0,3; z = 0,1.
kt ta thu c gm 0,15mol C2Ag2; 0,3mol C4H3Ag v 0,1mol C4H5Ag m = 99,8 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc phn hidrocacbon. y l cu hi kh v hay, i hi hc sinh phi c
kin thc tng hp v hidrocacbon, cu ny tng t 1 cu trong thi tuyn sinh i hc khi B
2014.
Cu 7. p n C
Trang 126/305

- Cng thc cc cht: axit acrylic C3H4O2; axit adipic C6H10O4; axit propanoic C3H6O2; glixerol
C3H8O3. V s mol axit propanoic v axit acrylic bng nhau nn thay 2 cht ny bng cht mi c cng
thc C3H5O2.
- Gi s mol cc cht: C6H10O4; C3H5O2 v C3H8O3 c trong 23,8 gam hn hp ln lt l x, y v z
146x + 73y + 92z = 13,36 = 73(2x + y) + 92z = 23,8 (1).
- t chy hn hp X nCO2 6 x 3 y 3z . Hp th CO2 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 theo bi ta c
cc phn ng:
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O
2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2 (v c kt ta v un dung dch li thu c kt ta na)

nCO2 nBaCO3 2 nBaOH nBaCO3


2

0,9 6 x 3 y 3z 0,9 3 2 x y 3 z 0,9 2

Gii h (1) v (2) 2x + y = 0,2 v z = 0,1.


- Cho X tc dng vi KOH ch c C6H10O4 v C3H5O2 phn ng:
nKOH phn ng = 2 x y 0, 2 mol nH2O
cht rn thu c gm 2 mui v 0,1 mol KOH d
mrn = maxit + mKOH mH 2O = (23,8 92.0,1) + 0,1.56 0,2.18 = 16,6 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny kh v kh l hay, c lin quan n phn ng t chy axit cacboxylic. Cu hi
phn loi hc sinh, cu ny tng t cu trong thi tuyn sinh i hc khi A 2014.
Cu 8. p n C
Crom l kim loi nh, nn c s dng to cc hp kim dng trong ngnh hng khng Sai v
Crom l kim loi nng, khi lng ring 7,2 gam/cm3
Li bnh: y l cu hi cho im ca thi, kin thc thuc phn Crom v hp cht ca Crom
Cu 9. p n B
- Kh nng dn in gim theo trt t: Ag > Cu > Au > Al > Fe
- Kh nng dn nhit gim theo trt t: Ag > Cu > Al > Fe
Li bnh: y l cu hi l thuyt tng i d, cc em hc sinh cn nh v tnh dn in v dn
nhit ca cc kim loi.
Cu 10. p n C
Cu hi ny lin quan n chng Bng tun hon Lp 10 v i cng kim loi Lp 12.
So vi cc nguyn t phi kim cng chu k, cc nguyn t kim loi thng c bn knh ln hn, c t e
lp ngoi cng hn v d nhng e hn. Do lc lin kt gia ht nhn v e lp ngoi cng ca kim
loi nh hn phi kim nn kim loi d mt e hn nng lng ion ha nh hn.
Cu 11. p n A
gii nhanh, hc sinh cn lu trong biu thc tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh c th thay %
s nguyn t ca cc ng v bng s mol hoc s nguyn t hoc s phn bng nhau ca cc
ng v.
S khi ca cc nguyn t A, B l: MA = 79; MB = 81

= 79,92

Cu 12. p n B
- Phn ng bi cho c dng thu gn:
Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
(kh) (oxi ha) (oxi ha) (kh)
Trang 127/305

- Phn ng oxi ha kh to ra sn phm c tnh oxi ha yu hn v tnh kh yu hn cc cht ban u.


Cu 13. p n C
V1 lt dung dch axit c pH = 5 nH+ = 10-5V1; V2 lt dung dch bazo c pH = 9 nOH- = 10-5V2.
Trn 2 dung dch xy ra phn ng:
H+ + OH- H2O
V dung dch thu c c pH = 8 nOH d = 106 V1 V2 105V2 105V1

0,1V1 0,1V2 V2 V1 11V1 9V2 V1 : V2 9 :11.


Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n pH chng S in li. Hc sinh cn lu khng s dng
s ng cho vi pH.
Cu 14. p n A
- Th tch thc ca 1 mol tinh th Zn l: V1 = 65/d (cm3) Th tch 1 mol nguyn t Zn l: V2 =
72,5%.65/d = 47,125/d (cm3).
- Th tch 1 nguyn t Zn l:
V3 = V2/(6.1023) =

4 3 4
r = 3,14(0,138.107 )3
3
3

d = 7,11 g/cm3
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc chng Nguyn t, tng t cu trong thi tuy sinh i hc khi A
2011. Hc sinh phi nm c cc nguyn t thng c dng hnh cu nn thc t chng khng
xp c kht m gia cc nguyn t c khe trng ng thi bit c s nguyn t c trong 1 mol
nguyn t (s Avogadro).
Cu 15. p n B
Xenluloz axetat c ngun gc t xenluloz thuc loi t bn tng hp (nhn to).
Li bnh: y l cu hi d ly im phn Polime.
Cc em hc sinh cn lu v cc loi t:
Loi t

Ngun gc

V d

T thin nhin

C sn trong thin nhin,


c s dng trc tip

Bng, len, t tm

T tng hp

Polime c tng hp bng


phn ng ha hc

T poliamit (nilon, capron),


t vinylic (nitron, vinilon),
t lapsan.

T bn tng
hp hay nhn
to

Ch bin polime thin


nhin bng phng php
ha hc

T ha
hc

T visco, t xenlulozo
axetat

Cu 16. p n C
Ta c: nNaHCO3 nCOOH nCO2 0,5 nO (X) = 0,5.2 = 1mol mO (X) = 16 gam.
nH2O 0,8mol mH (X) = 1,6 gam mC (X) = 29,6 16 1,6 = 12 gam
Trang 128/305

nC ( X ) 1mol nCO2 mCO2 44 gam.

Li bnh: y l dng bi ton t chy axit cacboxylic. Cc em hc sinh cn lu cch tnh s mol
H, C da vo s mol H2O bit trc.
Cu 17: p n D
- A sai v cu hnh khng 26e.
- B v C sai v khng sp xp li cc phn lp theo ng th t ca lp.
Li bnh: y l cu hi cho im ca thi. Hc sinh cn nm chc cch vit cu hnh electron
chng Nguyn t.
Cu 18. p n C
Hc sinh ch cn lu trong mi nhm chc xeton c 1 lin kt i C = O.
CTPT ca xeton l CnH2n +2 2kOx, vi k l bt bo ha ca phn t xeton. V xeton hai chc nn
x = 2, xeton khng no c mt lin kt CC, mch h nn k = 2 + 2 = 4 CTPT xeton l CnH2n -6O2
Li bnh: y l cu hi d c lin quan n lp cng thc tng qut ca cht hu c.
Cu 19. p n D.
Khng chn A, B, C v nit ch c ha tr cao nht l IV trong hp cht; iu kin thng phn t N2
c lin kt ba nn bn hn phn t photpho ch c lin kt n; NH3 bn hn PH3.
Chn D v H3PO4 cha P+5 bn nn khng c tnh oxi ha nh HNO3.
Cu 20. p n D
Ta c: nFe2O3 0,1 nFe NO3 0,3 m = 0,2.242 = 48,4 gam.
3

Li bnh: y l dng cu hi d v rt ngn gn. Hc sinh ch cn dng bo ton nguyn t Fe l


tm c p n.
Cu 21. p n B
Dung dch lm qu tm ha mu xanh l (2), (4), (5), (6).
Li: Li bnh: y l 1 cu cho im ca thi, hc sinh cn nh cc cht i mu qu tm
Cu 22. p n A
Cu hi ny c lin quan n kim loi v phn ng oxi ha kh.
Bo ton khi lng v bo ton e ta c: nO

22, 4(b a)
ba
nH 2 V
16
16

Cu 23. p n B
Cc cht mun c ng phn hnh hc phi cha lin kt i v mi nguyn t C lin kt i
phi gn vi 2 nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t khc nhau nn ch c CH3 CH = CH CH =
CH2;
CH3 CH = CH2; CH3 CH = CH COOH c ng phn hnh hc.
Cu 24. p n A
Ta c:

nAl 0,1mol nFe2O3 x mol ; nFe3O4 y mol 160 x 232 y 20 1 .


;
Nhn thy sau cc phn ng Al chuyn thnh Al3+ v Fe trong cc oxit chuyn thnh Fe3+ nn bo ton
e ta c: 3.0,1 + y = 0,36 (2). T (1) v (2) x = 0,038 v y = 0,06

mFe2O3 6,08 gam.

Li bnh: Cu ny cp n phn ng nhit nhm v phn ng ca cht kh vi HNO 3. Cu hi


Trang 129/305

khng kh nu hc sinh vn dng tt phng php bo ton electron.


Cu 25. p n B
in phn nng chy thng dng iu ch kim loi t Al v u dy in ha.
Cu 26. p n A
Li bnh: lm c cu hi ny, hc sinh ch cn nm vng tnh cht ha hc ca ancol.
Cu 27. p n D
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
2AgNO3

2Ag + 2NO2 + O2

2Au(NO3)3
2KNO3

2Au + 6NO2 + 3O2


2KNO2 + O2

4Fe(NO3)2

2Fe2O3 + 8NO2 + O2

4Al(NO3)3

2Al2O3 + 12NO2 + 3O2

2CuNO3)2

2CuO + 4NO2 + O2

Cht rn X tan mt phn trong dd HCl d trong X c kim loi yu (ng sau H 2), cht cn li l
oxit hoc mui nitrit.
Cu 28. p n C
Cc cht tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 gm: HNO3, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4.
Cu 29. p n A
9,86
0,41 < nH2SO4 = 0,43 mol
24
Mg, Zn tan ht, d H2SO4 Thu c dung dch gm Mg2+; Zn2+; H+ d; SO42- 0,43 mol.

nhn hp Mg, Zn <

H+, Mg2+, Zn2+ ht cn nOH- = 2nSO4 = 0,86 mol < 0,96 mol OH- dng cn 0,1 mol OHha tan Zn(OH)2
- TH1: kt ta ch c BaSO4 v Mg(OH)2 cht rn gm BaSO4 0,06 mol v MgO mMgO = 26,08
0,06.233 = 12,1 gam nMgO = 0,3025 mMg = 7,26 gam.
- TH2: kt ta c BaSO4, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2 d
cht rn gm BaSO4 0,06 mol, MgO x mol, ZnO y mol; dung dch c Na+, SO42- d, ZnO22- 0,05
mol.

40x 81y 0, 06.233 26, 08


y < 0 loi

24x

65
y

0,
05

9,86

mMg = 7,26 gam.


Li bnh: Cu hi ny tng i kh v hay, c lin quan n nhiu phn kin thc. i hi hc sinh
phi c kin thc su rng v tnh ton linh hot.
Cu 30. p n A
Ta c: n C :n H :n Cl =

14,28 1,19 84,53


:
:
=1:1:2
12
1 35,5

CTPT ca X l (CHCl2)n vi n nguyn, dng


Trang 130/305

k ( bt bo ha ca phn t) =

2n+2-(n+2n) 2-n
=
0
2
2

n2n=2
CTPT: C2 H2Cl4
Vy c hai ng phn cu to: CH2Cl - CCl3 v CHCl2 CHCl2 .
Li bnh: dng ton ny, hc sinh cn ch cc xc nh cng thc phn t hp cht hu c:
Cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c: CxHyOz phi xc nh x, y, z.
B1: nh lng mC, mH, mO, mN.hoc %C, %H, %N, %O
-

B2: Tm M theo: n =

m
MA
hoc theo t khi d A =
B
M
MB

B3: Lp t l khi lng hoc phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t


3 Cch xc nh x, y vo z.

%C %H %O
:
:
12
1
16
mC m H mO
:
:
C2: Theo khi lng nguyn t: x : y : z =
12
1
16
C3: Theo s mol nguyn t: x : y : z = n C : n H : n O (vi nC = nCO2; nH = 2nH2O).
C1: Theo phn trm nguyn t: x : y : z =

T t l x, y, z c cng thc n gin nht. Nu bit khi lng mol M th c th xc nh CTPT bng cch
cho (CxHyOz)n = M, gii tm n CTPT.

Cu 31. p n D
Cc cht va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ha phi cha nguyn t va c kh nng tng s oxi ha;
va c kh nng gim s oxi ha. FeCl2, S, SO2, H2O2 cc cht ny u c th b kh v cht c s oxi
ha thp hn hoc b oxi ha v cht c s oxi ha cao hn
Cu 32. p n A

2Cn H2n-1O2 Na O2 Na 2CO3 2n 1 CO2 2n 1 H2O


n Na2CO3 = 0,015 n RCOONa = 0,03 mol MRCOONa = 86,6

CH3COONa (a mol) v C2H5COONa (b mol)

a b 0, 03
a 0, 02

82a 96b 2, 6
b 0, 01
n CO2 = n H2O = 0,02.2 + 0,01.3 - 0,015 = 0,055(mol)
m = 3,41 (gam).
Cu 33. p n A
Cc ng phn: CH3COOH 1 HCOOCH3 2 v HOCH2CHO 3
+ Tc dng vi Na: (1), (3)
+ Tc dng NaOH: (1), (2)
+ Tc dng NaHCO3: (1)
Nh vy c 5 phn ng.
Cu 34. p n A
n NaOH = 3n este este ba chc. T y kt hp p n th ta c este ca glixerol.

Thu phn hon ton 4,36 g X cn 0,06 mol NaOH

Trang 131/305

M X = 218, M muoi =

4,92
= 82 M axit = 60 CH3COOH
0,06

Cu 35. p n D
V tr 2 nhnh trn vng benzen c th c nu bng s hoc bng cc t o-; m- hoc p-.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny d, l cu cho im ca thi, c lin quan n tn gi ca hidrocacbon thm.
Cu 36. p n B
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn v ng phn ca cht bo Lp 12 tng t trong thi khi B
2007 nhng phc tp hn v c 3 axit.
- Nu 3 gc axit ging nhau c 3 hng chn ng vi 3 ng phn.
- Nu 2 gc axit ging nhau v khc vi 1 gc cn li: c 6 hng chn, mi hng c 2 ng phn.
- Nu 3 gc axit khc nhau: c 1 hng chn tng ng vi 3 ng phn.
Thu c 18 trieste.
Cu 37. p n B
Phng trnh phn ng:

3CH3CH2OH K 2Cr2O7 4H2SO4 3CH3CHO Cr2 SO4 3 K 2SO4 7H 2O


Tng h s trc phn ng l 8.
Cu 38. p n B
nC : nH : nN = n CO2 : 2 n H2O : 2 n N2 = 0,07 : 0,09 : 0,01 = 7 : 9 : 1
Theo cc p n th X l amin n chc CTPT ca X: C7H9N
V X n chc, bc 1, c phn ng to kt ta vi dung dch Br2 nn c nhm NH2 lin kt trc tip
vi vng benzen
CTCT: CH3C6 H4 NH2
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cp n kin thc phn Amin. Hc sinh p dng phng php xc nh
cng thc phn t hp cht hu c.
Cu 39. p n D
X l C6 H12O6 ; Y l C2 H5OH ; Z l CH3COOH
xt
CH COOH + C H CH COOC H .
3
2 2
3
2 3

Vy tn gi ca T l vinyl axetat.

Li bnh: Cu hi ny cp n phn ng chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c.


Cu 40. p n C
Cu hi ny lin quan n xenluloz chng Cacbohidrat.
- p n C sai v t enang c sn xut t axit -aminoenantoic.
- p n A ng v Xenluloz tan trong dung dch [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 to cht lng nht dng to t
ng - amoniac.
- p n B ng v (C6H10O5)n + nH2O C6H12O6 (xc tc ezim, H+,t*)
- p n D ng v [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3n(CH3CO)2O
[C6H7O2(OCOCH3)3]n + 3nCH3COOH (c
H2SO4 c)
Cu 41. p n A
- Thu phn mantoz ta thu c hai Glucoz.
- Khi cho tc dng vi lng d Cu(OH)2/NaOH th kt ta thu c l Cu2O.
Trang 132/305

Ta c n Cu 2O = n glucozo = 2nmantoz = 0,4 mol m= 57,6 gam.


- Nu cho ton b sn phm sau thu phn tc dng vi brom th ta c
nBr2 nglucozo 2nmantozo 0, 4 mol mbrom = 64 gam

Cu 42. p n D
- y qua bn p n ta c c ancol thuc dy ng ng no n chc.
- Xt phn 1: Cho tc dng vi K thu c 3,36lit H2 t y ta c nancol 2nH2 0,3mol.
- Xt phn 2: khi tch nc ch thu c mt anken nn trong X s cha CH3OH. Ancol cn li l
ROH.
- Anken ny lm mt mu 32 g brom n ROH = n anken = 0,2(mol)
n

= 0,1mol m
= 3,2g
CH OH
CH OH
3
3
m
= 12g M
= 60 ROH: C H OH
ROH
ROH
3 7

Cu 43. p n D
- Khi X tc dng vi NaOH d th cho mt mui v mt andehit nn X l este ca ancol c nhm OH
lin kt trc tip vi C ni i u mch X l C6H5COOCH=CH2.
- Y tc dng vi NaOH th cho hai mui v nc nh vy Y l este ca hp cht phenol Y l
CH2=CHCOOC6H5.
Cu 44. p n D
Nhm th l nguyn t halozen nh hng th H v tr ortho v para nhng lm gim kh nng phn
ng th H vng benzen.
Cu 45. p n D
Ta c: n C(Z) = n CO2 = 0,5(mol),n H(Z) = 2n H2O = 1,6mol .

mZ = 7,6(gam)
Khi lng bnh brom tng chnh l khi lng ca anken v ankin d. Nh vy ta c:
m = m + mankan = 8,4(gam)

Li bnh: Cu hi ny cp n kin thc phn hidrocacbon Lp 11 tng t cu trong cao


ng nm 2007 nhng phc tp hn v c nhiu hidrocacbon trong hn hp ban u.
Cu 46. p n D
C v k. N2 . H2 vi k = hng s.
3

Khi nhit phn ng khng i

PV
tng 2 ln
RT
nng cc cht tng 2 ln tc phn ng tng 2.23=16 ln (tnh theo cht tham gia)

Ta c p sut tng 2 ln nn n

Li bnh: Cu ny l cu cho im ca thi. Hc sinh cn ch cng thc tnh tc phn ng v


cc yu t nh hng ti tc phn ng.
Cu 47. p n C
y l bi tp rt c bn v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3 Lp 11.
- Ta c hn hp kh D gm NO2 v NO. T khi so vi H2 l 18,2.
Trang 133/305

Da vo s ng cho

nNO2
nNO

2
3V
2V
11V
nNO
; nNO2
ne 3nNO nNO2
3
112
112
112

- Bo ton khi lng: mmui = mkim loi + 62ne = m 62.

11V
341V
m
112
56

Li bnh: Trong dng ton ny cc em cn ch : tnh khi lng mui nitrat kim loi thu c
theo cng thc sau:
mmuoi mKL 62(3nNO nNO2 8nN2O 10nN2 )

Lu : +) Khng to ra kh no th s mol kh bng 0


+) Nu c s to thnh NH 4 NO3 th cng thm vo mNH 4 NO3 c trong dung dch sau phn ng.
Khi nn gii theo cc cho nhn electron.
Cu 48. p n C
HBr l cht kh mnh v K2Cr2O7 l cht oxi ha mnh nn xy ra phn ng:

14HBr K 2Cr2O7 2KBr 2CrBr3 3Br2 7H2O


CrBr3 mu xanh tm, Br2 mu nu.
Cu 49. p n C

1
nhit thng H2S b oxi khng kh oxi ha thnh S: H 2 S O2 H 2O S .
2
Cu 50. p n D
- Cp bnh cu phi c lp lt.
- ng dn kh i vo phi sc su vo dung dch. ng thu kh thot ra phi khng nhng vo dung
dch.
- Thu kh Cl2 phi dng bnh c nt y.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n thc nghim ha hc tng t thi khi A, B 2014.

Trang 134/305

1A

2A

3B

4A

S 3
5A
6A

11A

12A

13B

14A

15B

16D

17B

18B

19A

20A

21B

22B

23D

24A

25D

26D

27A

28C

29D

30D

31A

32C

33B

34D

35C

36A

37C

38B

39A

40D

41A

42C

43B

44B

45A

46B

47A

48C

49D

50D

7B

8A

9A

10C

Cu 1: p n A
Khi lng cht rn gim chnh l khi lng oxi phn ng:
RCH 2OH CuO RCHO H 2O Cu
0, 02

MRCHO MH2O
2

0, 02

0, 02

38 MRCHO 58 : CH3CH2CHO

mC3H7OH 0,02.60 1, 2 (gam).


Li bnh: Cu hi cp n phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton ca ancol.Trong dng ton ny cc
em hc sinh cn ch : tc nhn oxi ha l CuO( t 0 ), O2 ( xt ) .
[O]
Ancol bc 1
Andehit
[O]
Ancol bc 2
Xeton

Ancol bc 3 khng b oxi ha.


Trong phn ng oxi ha vi CuO: Khi lng bnh CuO gim = khi lng O trong CuO phn ng.
Cu 2: p n A
- X phn ng vi H2: nH2 2nX 2nancol X c 2 lin kt v M X

19 0,5.2
72.
0, 25

- Nu X l RCHO MR = 43 (C3H7) X l C3H7CHO loi v ch c 1.


- Nu X l R(CHO)2 MR = 14 (CH2) X l CH2(CHO)2 nhn v c 2
nAg 4nX

4.3, 6
0, 2 mAg 21, 6 gam.
72

Li bnh: y l 1 dng bi tp v andehit, v trong thi khi A nm 2014 cng c dng bi tp ny.
Cu 3: p n D
- S mol cc cht: nO2 0,59 mol ; nH2O 0,52 mol . Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng chy
mCO2 20,68gam nCO2 0, 47mol . Nhn thy nH2O nCO2 ancol Z no, 2 chc.

- Gi s mol ca axit, ancol v este ln lt l x, y v z; s C trong axit v ancol ln lt l n v m ta


c:
+ Bo ton O: 2 x 2 y 4 z 0,59.2 0, 47.2 0,52 x y 2 z 0,14 1 .
- Hn hp E ch c axit v este phn ng vi Br2: nBr2 naxit 2neste x 2 z 0,04 2
T (1) v (2) y = 0,1.
+ nH2O nCO2 nancol naxit 3neste 0,1 x 3z 0,05 x 3z 0,05 3
Trang 135/305

T (2) v (3) x = 0,02; z = 0,01.


+ Bo ton C:

nx 0,1m z 2n m n x 2 z 0,1m zm 0,04n 0,1m 0,01m 0, 47


0,04n 0,11m 0, 47.

V ancol Z v axit X c cng s C m 3 ch c cp m = 3 v n = 3,5 ph hp.


- Nu cho E tc dng vi dung dch KOH d th thu c mui ca 2 axit
nmui = naxit + 2neste = 0,04 mmui = 0,04.(3,5.14 2 + 32 1 + 39) = 4,68 gam.
Li bnh: Ni dung cu hi c lin quan n nhiu cht hu c. gii c i hi hc sinh phi c
k nng gii bi tp tt. y l cu hi kh c tc dng phn loi hc sinh tng t cu hi trong
thi khi A - 2014.
Cu 4: p n A
37
0,5 nY nZ nNaOH (p.u).
74

- Phn ng ca este vi NaOH: neste

- Phn ng tch nc ca Y: nY 2nete 2nH2O nH2O 0, 25


Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng tch nc mY mete mH2O 20, 2 gam.
- Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng ca este vi NaOH ta c:

mZ meste mNaOH mY 37 0,5.40 20, 2 36,8 gam.


Cu 5: p n A
C: n OH- = 0,5V; n Al3+ = 0,04(mol); nSO2- = 0,06(mol)
4

- Trng hp 1: Kt ta ln nht tnh theo Al3+: n OH- = 3n Al3+ V = 0,24 nBa2 0,048 mol.
Cc kt ta thu c gm Al(OH)3 (0,04 mol) v BaSO4 (0,048 mol).
m = 0,04.78 +0,048.233 = 14,304 (gam).
- Trng hp 2: Kt ta tnh theo BaSO4. n Ba 2+ = nSO2- = 0,06(mol) V = 0,3(lit)
4

n OH- = 0,15(mol) Kt ta thu c gm BaSO4 v Al(OH)3 (d).

m = 0,06.233 + 0,04 0,03 .78 = 14,76 gam.


Nh vy kt ta ln nht khi V = 0,3 lt = 300 ml v m = 14,76 (gam).
Li bnh: Cu hi khng kh nhng hc sinh thng lm thiu trng hp. Hc sinh thng ch ngh
n vic kt ta t c s ln nht nu ton b Al3+ tch ra dng Al(OH)3.
Cu 6: p n A
CH3COOCH2CH2Cl + 2NaOH CH3COONa + CH2(OH) CH2OH + NaCl
ClCH2COOCH2CH3 + 2NaOH HOCH2COONa + CH3CH2OH + NaCl
CH3COOCHClCH3 + 2NaOH CH3COONa + CH3CHO + NaCl + H2O
HCOOCH(Cl)CH2CH3 + 2NaOH HCOONa + NaCl + CH3CH2CHO + H2O
Li bnh: y l cu hi l thuyt d. Hc sinh phi vn dng c kin thc v este v dn xut
halogen.
Cu 7: p n B
Trang 136/305

Br , Fe,1:1

NaOH, t , p

HCl

2
p-NaOC6H4CH3
p-HOC6H4CH3
C6H5CH3 p-BrC6H4CH3

Li bnh: y l 1 cu cho im ca thi. Hc sinh ch cn da vo tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht


v quy lut th vo vng benzen l lm c bi.
Cu 8: p n A
Gm cc cht MnO2 ( Mn +4 Mn +2 ); KClO3 ( Cl+5 Cl-1 ); KMnO4 ( Mn +7 Mn +2 ); K2Cr2O7
( Cr +6 Cr +3 ) v CaOCl2 ( Cl+1 Cl02 ).
Cu 9: p n B
C: nhh nNaOH c hai cht cng phn ng vi NaOH. Hai cht l HCOOCH3 v CH3COOH.
Gi n HCOOCH3 = n CH3COOH = x mol 2.60x = 18 x = 0,15 Cht rn thu c l HCOONa v
CH3COONa c tng khi lng l: m = mHCOONa + mCH3COONa = 0,15.(68+82) = 22,5(gam).
Li bnh: Cu hi ny i hi HS phi xc nh c cu to ca 2 cht trong hn hp.
Cu 10: p n C
Ta c:

n O(oxit) = n H2SO4 = 0,2(mol) nFe : nO = 0,15 : 0,2 = 3 : 4 Fe3O4


m = 0,05.232 = 11,6 (gam)
Li bnh: y l 1 cu cho im ca thi. Bi ny hc sinh ch cn tm c s mol Fe v O l tm
c cng thc ca oxit st.
Cu 11: p n A
C6H6 + HNO3 C6H5NO2 + H2O
H2SO4

H2SO4
C6H5NO2 + HNO3 m-C6H4(NO2)2 + H2O
Fe HCl
m-C6H4(NH2)2 + 4H2O
m-C6H4(NO2)2 + 12H

Cu 12: p n A
S ha qu trnh phn ng ta c:

NaAlO2 H 2
Fe : x mol

NaOH
Cr : y mol Fe
HCl
Al : z mol

H2

Cr
T cc mi quan h ta lp c h phng trnh:
56x + 52y + 27z = 100 x = 1,5885

y = 0,1345
1,5z = 0,225
x + y = 1,723
z = 0,15

% Cr = 13,988%.
Li bnh: y l 1 dng cu hi kh ph bin trong cc thi
Cu 13: p n B
Do AgCl v PbS khng tan trong HCl loi A, C, D.
Trang 137/305

CrO + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2O


Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2O
FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
ZnS + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2S
Li bnh: y li l 1 cu hi cho im ca thi
Cu 14: p n A
S ha phng trnh phn ng ta c:

CO
Fe
CO2
CO
FeO
Y: 64 gam
Fe2O3
S dng phng php ng cho, ta tnh c s mol CO v CO2 ln lt l 0,1 v 0,4 mol.
p dng phng php bo ton khi lng: mhh = mY + mO vi n O = n CO2 = 0,4(mol)
mhh = 70,4 (gam).
Li bnh: y l dng bi ton quen thuc lin quan n CO chng Cacbon Silic.
Cu 15: p n C
ng phn amino axit ca C4H7O4N:
HOOC CH2 CH(NH2) COOH
NH2

(1)

HOOC C COOH
|

CH3

(2)

HOOC CH COOH
|

CH2NH2

(3)

Cu 16: p n D
-Ta c: nNaOH 0, 2mol.
- Xem cc phn ng trong bi xy ra theo 2 giai on:
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
(1)
H3PO4 + NaOH mui + H2O
(2)
3m
54m
2m
mH2O (1)
; nH3PO4
.
142
142
142
- Cht rn thu c gm mui v NaOH hoc H3PO4 d (nu c).
nH2O (1)

+ Nu NaOH d nH2O ( 2) 3nH3 PO4

6m
54m
18 109m
m
0, 2.40 6m.

142
142
142
71

m = 8,7385 gam.
+ Nu H3PO4 d nH2O ( 2) nNaOH 0, 2 m

54m
109m
0, 2.40 0, 2.18
142
71

m = 28,4.
Li bnh: y l dng bi tp ph bin v phn ng ca P2O5 vi dung dch kim, tng t cu trong
Trang 138/305

thi tuyn sinh i hc khi B 2014.


Cu 17: p n B
- nMg 0,3; nY 0,12 nH2 nN2 v 2nH2 28nN2 0,76 nH2 0,1; nN2 0,02.
- Bo ton e ta c: 2nMg 2nH2 10nN2 8nNH nNH 0,025
4

nNO3 nNH 4 2nN2 0,065.

Mui thu c gm 0,3mol Mg2+; 0,025mol NH4+; 0,065mol K+ v 0,39mol Cl- (iu kin trung
ha in) m = 24,03 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi cp n phn ng ca kim loi vi mui nitrat trong mi trng axit, tng t
cu trong thi khi B 2014.
Cu 18: p n B
y l cu hi n gin.
4C H
4n 2 n 2
2p
2 3n 3.
2
2
Cu 19: p n A

S lin kt

C2 H6 : 0, 2 mol
Y
(M 41, 2)

(M 27)

H 2
C3H8 : 0,8 mol
Phn ng H2. Chn s mol trc phn ng n1 = 1 mol, n2 l s mol hn hp kh sau phn ng.

n1 M 2
M1.n1

n2
1,5259 mol
n 2 M1
M2
.
Ta c: n H2 = n 2 - n1 = 0,5259 mol H =

0,5259
.100% = 52,59%.
1

Cu 20: p n A
- Khi nh t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch cha hn hp Ba(OH)2 v Ba(AlO2)2 phn ng xy ra ln
lt theo th t:
H+ + OH- H2O
AlO2- + H+ + H2O Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O
- Theo th ta thy: nOH 2b 0,8 b 0, 4. . Phng trnh to kt ta:

nNaOH 2b nAl OH (ng vi qu trnh kt ta tng dn) v nNaOH 2b 3nAl OH 4nAlO (ng
3

vi qu trnh ha tan kt ta) 2,8 0,8 3.1, 2 4nAlO nAlO 2a 1, 4


2

a 0,7 a : b 7 : 4.

Li bnh: y tip tc l mt cu hi th sinh thy l vi vic s dng th minh ha cho bi ton.


Tht ra, vic s dng th cho bi ton lng tnh ca Al(OH)3 hay Ba(OH)2 khng phi l mi,
xut hin kh lu nhng ch dng mc minh ha. Chnh v th c nhiu em gp lng tng cu hi
ny. ua , cc em cn xem k li cc dng bi c th minh ha bng th nh dung dch AlO 2- +
dung dch H+; CO2 + dung dch OH- .
Cu 21: p n B
Trang 139/305

Nguyn t c tnh oxi ho cng mnh th ion c tnh kh cng yu v ngc li.
Cu 22: p n B
Nhm c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
Cu 23: p n D
Bn knh nguyn t ph thuc ln lt 2 yu t: S lp electron: t l thun v in tch ht nhn: t l
nghch. Do cc ion bi cho u c 2 lp e nn chn D.
Cu 24: p n A
T nhn to l s kt hp gia cc cht c trong thin nhin v qua qu trnh ch to ca con ngi.
- p n B: T tm l t thin nhin
- p n C: Vinilon l t tng hp
- p n D: T capron l t tng hp
Cu 25: p n D

0,008-0,010
= 5.10-5 mol/(l.s)
40
Li bnh: y l bi tp tnh tc phn ng rt n gin, l cu d ly im. Dng bi ny xut
hin trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
Ta c: v = -

Cu 26: p n D
Nhm NO2 v C6H5 ht e lm gim tnh baz, nhm C2H5 y e lm tng tnh baz ca cc amin.
Cu 27: p n D
- S mol cc cht: Ala = 0,07; Val = 0,08; Gly = 0,08.
- Gi s s lng mt xch trong mi phn t peptit to thnh ln lt l x, y, z v s mol tng ng l
a, a v 3a (a > 0; x, y, z 2; x, y, z Z).
- Phn ng thy phn:
m (gam) X + (ax + ay + 3az 5a) mol H2O 6,23 gam Ala + 9,36 gam Val + 6,00 gam Gly
- Bo ton khi lng ta c: m 6, 23 9,36 6,00 mH2O 21,59 mH2O .
- Nhn thy: khi lng ca hn hp X (m) t gi tr ln nht nu khi lng nc s dng cho phn
ng thy phn l nh nht. iu ny xy ra khi s mol lin kt peptit l nh nht hay hn hp X gm 3
peptit c s lin kt peptit l 4, 4 v 1 tng ng vi s mol x, x v 3x. Khi ta c:
+ nH2O 4 x 4 x 3 x 13 x.
+ nAla nVal nGly 5 x 5 x 2.3 x 16 x 0,07 0,08 0,08 0, 21 x
mmax 21,59 18.13.

0, 21
16

0, 21
18,51875 gam. ch c A ph hp.
16

Li bnh: y l bi tp kh phc tp lin quan n phn ng thy phn peptit, c tc dng phn loi
hc sinh. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2014.
Cu 28: p n C

(C6 H10O5 )n nC6 H12O6 2nC2 H5OH


162
1
V=

92
m

1000.92 80 80 1 100
.
.
.
.
= 504,8 (lt)
162 100 100 0,8 90
Trang 140/305

Li bnh: y l dng bi tp rt c bn v phn ng ln men tinh bt.


Cu 29: p n D
in phn vi in cc anot (Cu) tan, nng ca Cu2+ trong dung dch khng thay i.
Cu 30: p n D
- Phenol, anilin tc dng nc Br2 to kt ta trng, stiren c lin kt i C = C nn c phn ng cng
Br2.
- p n A sai v toluen ch tc dng vi brom nguyn cht, c xc tc.
- p n B sai v benzen khng lm mt mu dung dch brom.
- p n C sai v toluen khng lm mt mu dung dch brom.
Li bnh: y l cu hi kh d v phn ng ca cc cht hu c vi dung dch Br2.
Cu 31: p n A
Gm CrO v CuO.
Cu 32: p n C
Ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1 : 1 cht ny c 1 nhm -OH ca phenol hoc 1 nhm
COOH; Tc dng c vi Na (d) to ra s mol H2 bng s mol cht phn ng cht ny c 2
nhm -OH (ca ancol hoc phenol) hoc 2 nhm -COOH hoc 1 nhm -OH v 1 nhm -COOH
Giao 2 iu kin ta c: cht ny phi c 1 nhm -OH ca phenol v nhm -OH ca ancol.
p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH + NaOH p-HO-CH2-C6H4-ONa + H2O
p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH + 2Na p-NaO-CH2-C6H4-ONa + H2
Cu 33: p n B
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
S + 2H2SO4 (c, nng) 3SO2 + 2H2O
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
2NH3 + 2CrO3 + H2O (NH4)2Cr2O7
Cu 34: p n D
Phn ln km c dng cho ng dng bo v b mt cc vt lm bng st thp, chng n mn
Cu 35: p n C
FeCl3 + H2S FeCl2 + S + 2HCl
CuCl2 + H2S CuS + 2HCl
Cc phn ng cn li:
2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4(c nng) 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O
Fe3O4 + H2SO4 FeSO4 + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2O
Fe3O4 + 8HCl FeCl2 + 2FeCl3 + 4H2O
CuS + 8HNO3 CuSO4 + 8NO2 + 4H2O.
Cu 36: p n A
mX mCO2 mH2O mO2 1,8 (gam)

M X 2, 25.32 72 n = 0,025 (mol)


S nguyn t C =

n CO2
nX

= 4; H =

2n H2O
nX

= 8 ; n O(X) = 0,025(mol) .

CTPT ca X l C4H8O: c ba CTCT (gm hai anehit v mt xeton).


Trang 141/305

Li bnh: Bi tp lin quan n vic tm cng thc phn t v vit cu to ca hp cht hu c qua
phn ng chy. y l mt phng php ph bin nht, da vo phn ng chy xc nh cng thc

y z
y
t

Cx H y Oz Nt x O2 xCO2 H 2O N 2
phn t.
4 2
2
2

a(mol )
44 xa( g ) 9 ya( g ) 14ta( g )
bi s cho bit cc d kin t d kin ta xc nh c cng thc phn t ca X. Di y l mt
s cng thc tnh nhanh rt ra t phn ng chy, xc nh cng thc X.
+) Nu t chy 1 cht: S C: S H: S N = nCO2 : 2nH2O : 2nN2
+) S nguyn t cacbon trong X: x
+) S nguyn t hidro trong X: y

nCO2
nX

2.nH 2O
nX

mCO2
44nX

VCO2
22, 4.nX

mH 2O
9.nX

Cu 37: p n C

2Fe3 Mg 2Fe 2 Mg 2 1
0,8

0, 4

Cu Mg Cu Mg 2 2
2

0, 05 0, 05

0, 05

Fe 2 Mg Fe Mg 2 3
x

Khi lng thanh Mg tng ln, vy mui Fe3+ phn ng ht, nu ch c thm (2) th khi lng thanh
Mg vn gim l 24.0,45 64.0,05 = 7,6 gam c phn ng (3): 32x 7,6 = 11,6 x = 0,6 mol
Khi lng Mg phn ng: mMg = 24 0,4 + 0,05 + 0,6 = 25,2 (gam)
Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng thy luyn gia 1 kim loi vi dung dch cha 2 mui, dng bi ny
gp trong thi tuyn sinh ca nhiu nm. Hc sinh cn ch cht no phn ng ht, cht no d.
Cu 38: p n B
Cc cht hoc ion mun tc dng vi CO32- phi c kh nng to mui kt ta hoc c tnh axit mnh.
Cu 39: p n A
- Phn ng ca X vi CO: nCO 0,5 mol nCO ( du ) nCO2 ;
mt khc 28nCO ( du ) 44nCO2 18,8.2.0,5 18,8 nCO d = 0,2; nCO2 0,3mol
nO (trong oxit phn ng) = 0,3mol.
- Phn ng ca Y vi HNO3: nNO2 1, 6 . uy i hn hp X thnh kim loi v O2
mkim loi = 0,875m; mO2 0,125m
trong Y cn 0,875m (gam) kim loi v (0,125m 0,3.16) gam O2
mmui = mkim loi + 62ne
2,8125m 0,875m 62(1, 6.1

0,125m 0,3.16
) m 64 chn A.
8

Li bnh: y l bi tp tng i phc tp v phn ng oxi ha kh c tc dng phn loi hc


sinh. Cu hi c ni dung tng t thi i hc khi A 2014.
Trang 142/305

Cu 40: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt d v tnh cht ha hc ca ancol.
- p n A: Mg khng phn ng
- p n B: MgO khng phn ng
- p n C: NaOH khng phn ng
Cu 41: p n A
Thy phn (xt H+, to) saccaroz cho glucoz v fructoz, mantoz ch cho glucoz.
Cu 42: p n C
- Gi CTPT amin l RN (v tc dng vi HCl theo t l mol 1:1).
- Ta c: %m N =

14
.100% = 23,73 R = 45: C3H9
R + 14

Amin C3H9N c tt c bn ng phn.


Cu 43: p n B
Cu ch tc dng vi dung dch axit (H+) khi c mt khng kh

1
Cu O2 H 2SO4 CuSO4 H 2O
2
Cu 44: p n B
- Dung dch BaCl2: Ch SO3 phn ng to kt ta trng BaSO4.
- Dung dch KMnO4 hoc nc brom: Ch SO2 phn ng lm mt mu nc brom.
Cu 45: p n A
4Fe2+ + O2 + 6H2O 4Fe(OH)3
Cu 46: p n B
Khi thay i p sut, ch nhng cn bng c mt ca cht kh v tng h s kh 2 v ca phn ng
khc nhau th cn bng mi b chuyn dch.
Li bnh: y l cu hi rt c bn v cn bng ha hc. Ni dung cu hi quen thuc, gp trong
thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
Cu 47: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi ny kh n gin.
Hc sinh ch cn vit cc phn ng v tnh ton theo phng trnh.
Cu 48: p n C
Nhit si ca cc cht hu c c gi tr M tng ng gim theo dy: axit > ancol > anehit >
este.
Cu 49: p n D
Cc cht phn ng c vi NaOH v HCl gm Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3.
Cu 50: p n D
- Kh HCl tan nhiu trong nc nn khng th thu bng cch di nc.
- Cc kh O2 v N2 u rt t tan trong nc nn c th thu bng cch di nc.
Li bnh: y l cu hi d lin quan n vic thu kh. Cu hi c ni dung tng t thi i hc
khi A, B 2014. Hc sinh ch cn nm c tnh tan ca cc kh trong nc l tr li c cu hi
ca thi.

Trang 143/305

P N S 4
5A
6C

1B

2C

3C

4A

7B

8B

9A

10B

11D

12A

13D

14A

15A

16B

17C

18D

19C

20C

21A

22A

23A

24C

25C

26B

27A

28C

29C

30B

31B

32C

33A

34B

35C

36B

37B

38B

39B

40A

41C

42D

43A

44C

45A

46A

47D

48A

49D

50B

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1. p n B
- Chut khi n phi Zn3P2 th b kht nc v vy s tm n cc ngun nc ung. Khi ung nc
xy ra phn ng:
Zn3P2 + 3H2O 3Zn(OH)2 + 2PH3
- Zn(OH)2 v PH3 c lm chut b cht.
Li bnh: y l cu hi thc t kh n gin. y l mt cu hi cho thy s i mi trong cch ra
ca B GD&T, cc cu hi lin quan n ng dng thc tin.
Cu 2. p n C

Ta c

Fe2O3 + 3H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3H2O

(1)

CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O

(2)

H2SO4

= 0,24.2 = 0,48 (mol)

- Nu Fe2O3 tan ht: n Fe2O3 =

24
= 0,15 (mol)
160

T (1) n H2SO4 (1) = 3.0,15 = 0,45 (mol) n H2SO4 (2) = 0,48 - 0,45 = 0,03 (mol)
(2) nCuO p = 0,03mol mCuO p = 2,4 gam m = 9,6 2,4 = 7,2 gam.
- Nu CuO tan ht:
n CuO =

9,6
= 0,12 (mol) n H2SO4 (1) = 0,36 (mol)
80

1
n Fe2O3 (1) = .0,36 = 0,12 (mol) mFe2O3 = 0,12.160 =19,2 (gam)
3
m = 24 - 19, 2 = 4,8 (gam) Vy 7,2 m 4,8.

Li bnh: Cu hi ny khng kh nhng yu cu hc sinh phi c k nng bin lun.


Cu 3. p n C
S hp cht khng c kh nng ha tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng gm ancol etylic, propaniol-1,3.
Li bnh: y l cu hi d lin quan n phn ng ca cc hp cht hu c vi Cu(OH)2 nhit
thng.
Cu 4. p n A
Ta c: nHCl 0,08 2nO ( A) nO ( A) 0,04mol nCO nCO2 nCaCO3
mCaCO3 0,04.100 4 gam.
Trang 144/305

Cu 5. p n A
S ha phn ng ta c:
O2
Cn H 2n 2O2

nCO2

: 0,1n

mol

(n 1) H 2O : 0,1(n 1) mol

Ta c mCO2 + mH2O = 16,8 0,1.n.44 + 0,1(n -1).18 = 16,8 n =3.


Axit l C3H4O2.
Cu 6. p n C
cc cht phn ng vi HNO3 theo kiu phn ng oxi ha kh th cht phi cha nguyn t c
kh nng tng mc oxi ha. Bao gm: Cu; Cu2O; CuS; Cu2S v CuSO3.
Li bnh: y l cu hi cho im ca thi, kh c bn.
Cu 7. p n B
y l cu hi d nhng i hi hc sinh phi nm c nhiu phn ng c lin quan.
- Kh tc dng vi dung dch kim l X (H2S), E (SO2), G (Cl2), H (NO2).
- Cc kh cn li khng tc dng vi dung dch kim l: Z (CH3NH2), Y (O2).
Cu 8. p n B
Cu hi ny cp n kin thc phn in phn v phn ng trong dung dch.
- S mol cc cht: nCu NO3 0, 2; n Fe 0,3mol.
2

- Phn ng in phn:
1
O2
2
2 x mol

Cu NO3 2 H 2O 2 HNO3 Cu
x

- Khi cho Fe vo Z thu c hn hp kim loi xy ra cc phn ng:

Fe Cu NO3 2 Fe NO3 2 Cu
y

y mol

3Fe 8HNO3 3Fe NO3 2 2 NO 4 H 2O


3x
4

2x

Theo bi ta c:
x y 0, 2
x 0, 0482

3x

y 0,1518
16,8 56. y 4 64. y 15,99

0, 0482.64.2.96500
4820 giy.
64.1,93

1B

2C

3C

4A

5A

6C

7B

8B

9A

10B

11D

12A

13D

14A

15A

16B

17C

18D

19C

20C

21A

22A

23A

24C

25C

26B

27A

28C

29C

30B

31B

32C

33A

34B

35C

36B

37B

38B

39B

40A

41C

42D

43A

44C

45A

46A

47D

48A

49D

50B

Cu 9. p n A
Trang 145/305

Cc ngun nng lng sch gm: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri.
Cu 10. p n B
- V phn ng c thc hin trong bnh kn nn khi lng ca kh trong bnh khng i. Do t khi
ca hn hp kh so vi H2 gim Khi lng mol ca hn hp gim S mol ca hn hp tng hay
cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch loi A v C.
- Khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch phn ng nghch thu nhit phn ng
thun ta nhit.
Cu 11. p n D
X gm Al2O3, BaO dung dch Y c Ba2+ x (mol), Al(OH)4- 2x (mol).
Sc CO2 d c Al(OH)3 2x mol v dd Ba(HCO3)2, un nng tip li c thm BaCO3 x mol.
78. 2 x 197.x 5, 295 x 0,015 mol
m 102.0,015 197.0,015 4, 485 gam .
Vy khi lng hn hp Al2O3, BaO l m = 4,485 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp ny n gin, hc sinh ch cn vit c cc phn ng xy ra l gii c.
Cu 12. p n A
- nC6 H12O6

0, 01

0, 02 .60.2
0,02.40
0, 036mol ; nmantoz d =
0,008mol.
100
100

- nAg = 2nC6 + 2nmantoz d = 0,088mol.


Li bnh: y l cu hi d phn cacbohidrat. Hc sinh ch cn ch c mantoz d cng tham gia
vo phn ng trng bc. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2012.
Cu 13. p n D
Khng c dng ct dp m chy Mg v ct s cung cp thm O cho phn ng chy lm m
chy mnh hn:
2Mg + SiO2 Si + 2MgO
Cu 14. p n A
Li bnh: y l cu hi d lin quan n s chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c. Hc sinh ch cn nm
c tnh cht ha hc v phng php iu ch cc cht l lm c.
Cu 15. p n A
Ta c: - nBaSO4 nS ( X ) 0,15mol mS 4,8 gam.
uy i hn hp X v Cu, Fe, S ta c: mCu mFe 64nCu 56nFe 22, 4 4,8 17,6 (1);

m mCuOH mFeOH 98nCu 107nFe 31, 2


2

. Gii h (1) v (2) ta c: nCu 0,1; nFe 0, 2.


- Bo ton e ta c: ne 3nFe 2nCu 6nS 1,7 nNO2 V 1,7.22, 4 38,08 lit.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh nu hc sinh khng bit s dng phng php quy i, sau dng nh lut
bo ton electron.Cu hi ny phn loi hc sinh. Tng t cu hi trong thi i hc khi A
2012.
Cu 16. p n B
Trang 146/305

X tc dng mnh lit vi H2O gii phng O2 X l F.


2F2 + 2H2O 4HF + O2
Hp cht ca phi kim R vi X (F) l RFn. C R + 19n = 1,862.29 R = 54 19n
Khi n = 1 R = 35 Y l 35Cl loi v khng c phng n la chn.
Khi n = 2 R = 16 Y l 16O chn B.
Cu 17. p n C
- p n A. Cha HSO4- l mt axit
- p n B. Cha Al3+ l mt axit
- p n D. Cha NH4+ l mt axit
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn, d ly im ca hc sinh.
Cu 18. p n D
- S nguyn t C trung bnh ca amin v amino axit =

0,03
= 2, trong cc phng n la chn khng
0,015

c amino axit c 2C amin l CH3NH2 x (mol), cng thc amino axit H2N-CnH2n-COOH y (mol) (n
> 1).

x y 0, 015

- Ta c: x n 1 y 0, 03

31x y 14n 61 1,3725 36,5.0, 015

x 0, 01

y 0, 005
n 3

amino axit H 2 N C2 H 4 COOH


Cu 19. p n C
- T visco, si bng, t axetat u to ra t xenlucloz.
- p n A: t tm c ngun gc t thin nhin; t nilon thuc loi t poilamit (c ch to t cc
polime tng hp).
- p n B: Len c ngun gc t thin nhin.
- p n D: T enang thuc loi t poilamit.
Cu 20. p n C
- Phn I: Phng trnh phn ng

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H 2 (1)


FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H 2O (2)
Ta c n Fe = n H2 =

2,24
= 0,1 (mol)
22,4

mFe = 0,1.56 = 5,6 (gam)

- Phn II: Phng trnh phn ng


t
Fe + 6HNO3
Fe(NO3 )3 + 3NO2 + 3H 2O (3)
o

t
FeO + 4HNO3
Fe(NO3 )3 + NO2 + 2H 2O (4)
o

Ta c n NO2 =

10,08
= 0,45 (mol) . T (3) v (4) n NO2 = 3.n Fe + n FeO
22,4

n FeO = 0,45 - 3.0,1 = 0,15 (mol)


mFeO = 0,15.72 = 10,8 (gam)
Vy khi lng ca mi cht trong B ln lt l 5,6 gam v 10,8 gam.
Trang 147/305

Cu 21. p n A
CuS khng tan trong dung dch HCl.
Cu 22. p n A
- S mol cc cht: O2 = 0,475; CO2 = 0,4; H2O = 0,55 Y v Z l 2 ancol no.
- Bo ton O nO (hh) = 0,4.2 + 0,55 - 0,475.2 = 0,4mol nhh = 0,2mol (v cc cht u cha 2
nguyn t O) C = 2 axit l HCOOH nY + Z = 0,55 0,4 = 0,15 nHCOOH = 0,2 0,15 =
0,05mol.
- Gi cng thc chung ca 2 ancol l CnH2n+2O2 (n > 2) nCO2 = 0,15n + 0,05.1 = 0,4 n = 7/3 2
ancol l C2H4(OH)2 (x mol) v C3H6(OH)2 (y mol) x + y = 0,15 v 2x + 3y + 0,05 = 0,4 x = 0,1;
y = 0,05 %mY = 0,1.62.100/(0,1.62 + 0,05.46 + 0,05.76) = 50,41%.
Li bnh: y l bi tp khv phn loi hc sinh. Tng t cu hi trong thi i hc khi B
2013.
Cu 23. p n A
Catt l in cc ( ); ti catot ion kim loi nhn e: Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Li bnh: y l 1 cu cho im ca thi
Cu 24. p n C
Kh thot ra l CO2

n CO2 = 0,02 (mol) n CO 2- = 0,02 (mol) mCO 2- = 0,02.197 = 3,94 (gam)


3

mBaSO4 = 8,6 - 3,94 = 4,66(gam) n SO 2- = n BaSO4 = 0,02 (mol)


4

p dng nh lut bo ton in tch n M+ = 0,05 (mol)


Khi lng mui khan: m = mK+ + mM+ + mCO 2- + mSO 2- = 5,19
3

mM+ = 0,9(gam) MM+ = 18 M l NH4 . Vy M+ l NH4+


+

Cu 25. p n C
Cu hi c bn v s chuyn ha gia cc hp cht v c.
- p n A sai v t NaNO3 khng iu ch c NaOH.
- p n B, D sai v t NaNO3 khng iu ch c Na2CO3.
Cu 26. p n B
Cc tn gi theo danh php h thng l: metylamin (1); axit propanoic (3); etan-1,2-iol (4); hexan2,4-ion (5).
Li bnh: y l cu hi gi tn hp cht hu c n gin. gi tn hp cht hu c ng cn
nm mt s quy tc sau: +) Chn mch C di nht lm mch chnh.
+) nh s ch v tr sao cho s ch v tr ca nhnh (nu c) l gn nhm chc nht (i vi cc
hirocacbon: anken; ankin th lin kt = hay lin kt c th xem nh l nhm chc)
+) Trng hp mch c nhiu nhm chc th phi nh s theo u tin:
COOH > COO > NO2> CHO > C=O > OH > NH2>= >
+) Tng s ch v tr cc cc nhnh (nu c nhiu nhnh) tha cc iu trn phi l s nh nht c th.
Cu 27. p n A

Trang 148/305

Dung dch B ban u c pH =14 dung dch B c tnh bazo; sau khi chun bng dung dch A th
pH gim dn. Khi thm 50cm3 dung dch A th pH = 0,5 dung dch A c tnh axit Chn A
Cu 28. p n C
- p n A sai v lin kt trong N2 khng phn cc.
- p n B sai v lin kt trong NH3, HCl v SO3 l phn cc.
- p n C ng: chng u l lin kt cng ha tr v phn t u c to thnh t cc nguyn t phi
kim.
- p n D sai v NH3, HCl, N2 lun lun khng c lin kt cho-nhn
Cu 29. p n C
Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d, cho im ca thi.
Cu 30. p n B
- Ancol mun tch nc to 1 anken th ancol s l bc I hoc i xng v anken to to thnh khng
c ng phn hnh hc.
- Cc cu to tha mn:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
CH2OHCH(CH3)CH2CH3
Li bnh: Cc em hc sinh ch dng bi tch nc t 1 phn t ancol:
xt ,t
Cn H 2n1OH
Cn H 2n H 2O(n 2) , xc tc l H 2 SO4 c, t o 170o
0

nancol nanken nH2O

- Nu bi ton cho tch nc hon ton hn hp cc ancol thu c cc anken tng ng th l cc


ancol no, n chc ( C 2 )
- Nu tch nc hai ancol thu c hai anken ng ng lin tip (khng k ng phn hnh hc) th
hai ancol ban u l hai ancol no, n chc k tip trong dy ng ng.
- S mol CO2 sinh ra do t chy anken = s mol CO2 sinh ra do t chy ancol v s nguyn t C
khng thay i.
- Tch H2O t ancol bc I v ancol c trc i xng i qua nhm OH th thu c mt ankem (khng
k ng phn hnh hc). Cn cc ancol cn li thng cho hai anken (khng k ng phn hnh hc)
trong sn phm chnh tun theo qui tc Zai Xep: Nhm OH tch ra cng nguyn t H ca C ln
cn c bc cao hn s l sn phm chnh.
Cu 31. p n B
Ban u NaOH d nhiu
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Al(OH)3 ngay sau khi hnh thnh s tan ngay.
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O
Sau :
AlCl3 + 3NaAlO2 + 6H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
Li bnh: Cu hi cp n phn ng ca Al3+ vi dung dch OH-. Cu hi ny i hi hc sinh phi
nm chc c tnh lng tnh ca Al(OH)3.
Trang 149/305

Cu 32. p n C
Xc nh s oxi ha ca Cl trong cc phn ng s xc nh c vai tr cht oxi ha v cht kh ca
clo.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cc d, l cu cho im ca thi ( thuc phn oxi ha kh, chng trnh lp
10)
Cu 33. p n A
- A v B tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 C v B phi c nhm COOH loi B v C.
- A v B cha gc phenyl (C6H5) loi D.
Cu 34. p n B
Dn xut halogen thy phn c trong dung dch kim nu nguyn t halogen gn vo nguyn t C
no (1), (3) v (5) tha mn.
Cu 35. p n C
Bi ton thy phn peptit to bi n gc -amino axit c 3 dng sau:
+) Trong H2O: Peptit + (n-1)H2O
n -amino axit
+) Trong dung dch NaOH: Peptit + nNaOH
Mui + H2O
+) Trong dung dch HCl: Peptit + (n-1)H2O + nHCl
Mui.
p dng cho bi ton ny nh sau:
- V cht X ban u l ipeptit nn phn ng thy phn vi NaOH c dng:
X + H2O + 2NaOH mui + 2H2O
mmui mX = mNaOH mH 2O 40.2nX 18nX 62 nX 7, 44 4,34 3,1 nX = 0,05mol.
- Thy phn X bng HCl xy ra theo s :
X + H2O + 2HCl mui
mmui = mX mH2O mHCl 4,34 18.nX 36,5.2 nX 8,89 gam.
Li bnh: Trong nhng nm gn y, cc dng ton v peptit c khc thc rt nhiu. Cc em nn
hc k phn ny. Cc dng bi tp v peptit ch yu c khai thc bi ton thy phn v t chy.
Cu hi ny tng t cu trong thi tuyn sinh i hc khi A nm 2014.
Cu 36. p n B
- A c: 7e thuc phn lp p c cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p1 c 13e Al.
- B c: 2.s e = 13.2 + 8 = 34 s e = 17 Cl.
Li bnh: y l dng bi c bn v d ly im v cu hnh electron.
Cu 37. p n B
MY = 15,5 . 2 = 31, Y lm xanh qu m nn Y: CH3NH2 X l mui ca axit hu c v CH3NH2.
Vy X: CH2=CH-COONH3CH3.
Cu 38. p n B
- p n A sai v A khng th cha hai loi nhm chc khc nhau
- p n C sai v A chy khng cho t l n CO2 : n H2O = 1:1 .
- p n D sai v A phi cha mt nhm COOH v mt nhm OH.
Cu 39. p n B
Trang 150/305

- S mol cc cht: nCu 0,5 mol; nHNO3 2 mol; nKOH 1,5 mol.
- Cht rn Z: KNO2 (x mol) v KOH d (y mol) mZ 85x 56 y 124,6 1 .
- Bo ton K nKOH nKNO2 nKOH du x y 1,5 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) x = 1,4; y = 0,1.

nKNO2 nKNO3 2nCu NO3 + nKOH (phn ng vi HNO3 d) nHNO3 du 1, 4 0,5.2 0, 4.


2

S mol HNO3 phn ng vi Cu = 2 - 0,4 = 1,6 nH2O 0,8 mol.


- Bo ton khi lng:
mkh 32 1,6.63 0,5.188 0,8.18 24, 4 mX 32 200 24, 4 207,6 gam

CCu NO3
2

0,5.188.100
= 45, 28%.
207, 6

Li bnh: Cu hi kh v hay, phn loi hc sinh. Cu hi ny tng t cu hi trong thi i hc


khi B 2013.
Cu 40. p n A
CH2=C(CH3)2 + HBr CH3CBr(CH3)2 hoc CH2BrCH(CH3)2
Cu 41. p n C
- Dng qu tm:
+ i mu : H2SO4
+ i mu xanh: Na2CO3 v NaOH
+ Khng i mu: Na2SO4; BaCl2 v NaCl.
- Dng H2SO4 phn bit cc cht lm qu xanh.
- Dng Na2CO3 nhn ra BaCl2.
- Dng BaCl2 phn bit Na2SO4 v NaCl.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cc d.
Cu 42. p n D
Hc sinh thng khng vit c phn ng ca Zn vi dung dch NaNO3 trong NaOH.

4 Zn + 7 NaOH + NaNO3 4 Na 2 ZnO2 + NH3 + 2 H 2O


4x

7x

Zn + 2NaOH Na 2 ZnO2 + H 2
y

2y

4x + y = 0,1
x = 0,02

x + y = 0,04
y = 0,02
C: nNaOH 0,18 mol ; nNaNO3 0, 02 mol
Vy khi lng hn hp l m = 8,9 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v hay, phn loi hc sinh.
Cu 43. p n A
Cng thc phn t cc cht ln lt l:
Trang 151/305

CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CO
|
|
CH2 CH2 NH

Caprolactam (C6H11NO):
Axit lactic (C3H6O3): CH3 - CH(OH) COOH.
Axit glutamic (C5H9O4N): HOOC CH(NH2) CH2 CH2 - COOH
Axit oxalic (C2H2O4): HOOC COOH.
Li bnh: Cu hi khng kh i hi hc sinh nm c cng thc ca cc cht hu c.
Cu 44. p n C
Cu hi thng gp phn tc phn ng, rt d ly im.
Tc phn ng tng ln 3

50-20
10

= 27 ln.

Cu 45. p n A
X c cng thc phn t CxHyOz vi x < 8.
- V nX nH2 phn t X c 2 nguyn t H linh ng X c 2 nhm OH.
- V nX nNaOH c 1 nhm OH (phenol) v 1 nhm OH (ancol)
X c 7C X l HO-C6 H4 -CH2OH
13,64 gam X (0,11 mol) tc dng vi NaOH cho 0,11 mol thu c 0,11mol
NaO C6 H 4 CH 2OH .

m 0,11.146 16,06 gam .


Cu 46. p n A
S cht kh c AgNO3/NH3: axit fomic, anehit acrylic, glucoz, etyl fomat.
Li bnh: Cu hi siu d. Hc sinh cn nh: Nhng cht phn ng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3:
1. Ank 1- in (An kin c lin kt u mch) Phn ng th bng ion kim loi
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
R-CCH + AgNO3 + NH3 R-CAg + 2NH4NO3
c bit:
CHCH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgCCAg + 2NH4NO3
Cc cht thng gp: axetilen (etin) C2H2 , propin CHC-CH3, Vinyl axetilen CH2=CH-CCH.
Nhn xt: Ch c axetilen phn ng theo t l 1-2
Cc ank-1-in khc phn ng theo t l 1-1
2. Anehit: Phn ng trng bc (trng gng) trong phn ng ny anehit ng vai tr l cht
kh
3. Nhng cht c nhm CHO
T l mol: nRCHO : nAg = 1: 2
+ Axit fomic: HCOOH
+ Este ca axit fomic: HCOOR
+ Glucz: C6H12O6 .
+ Mantoz: C12H22O11
Cu 47. p n D
- V A tc dng c vi NaHCO3 A l c nhm chc COOH. Mt khc A c nhm NH2 A l
amino axit.
- Cc ng phn ca A tha mn iu kin bi cho l:
CH2(NH2)CH2CH2CH2COOH
CH3CH(NH2)CH2CH2COOH
Trang 152/305

CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH2COOH

CH3CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH

Cu 48. p n A
Ta c: n CO2 =

3,808
4,32
= 0,17(mol) ; n H2O =
= 0,24(mol)
18
22,4

V n CO2 < n H2O hai ancol no, n chc, mch h.


n 2ancol = 0,24 0,17 = 0,07 (mol) s nguyn t C trung bnh =

0,17
2,4
0,07

Hai ancol l C2H5OH v C3H7OH.


C n C2H5OH = 0,04(mol) ; n C3H7OH = 0,03 (mol)
2ROH R2O + H2O
C n 3ete = 0,023(mol) n H2O = 0,023(mol) n2 ancol p = 0,046mol
m2 ancol p = 1,996 + 0,023.18 = 2,41 gam.
Gi s mol C2H5OH v C3H7OH tham gia phn ng ln lt l x v y.
Ta c x y 0,046 1 v 46 x 60 y 2, 41 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) x 0,025; y 0,021.
H pu(C2H5OH) =

0,025
0,021
.100% = 62,5% v H pu (C3H7OH) =
.100% = 70% .
0,04
0,03

Li bnh: Bi tp c lin quan n phn ng chy v phn ng ete ha ca ancol. Da vo phn 1 ta


tm c s mol CO2 v s mol H2O. T tm c cng thc phn t ca hai ancol. Do chia lm 2
phn bng nhau nn t kt qu ca phn 1, hc sinh s dng tnh c lng 2 ancol tham gia
phn ng, do tnh c hiu sut phn ng to ete ca bi ton.
Cu 49. p n D
- Propen C3H6; axit acrylic C3H4O2; ancol anlylic C3H5OH.
- Phn ng t chy: nCO2 0,9 nC3 0,3 nH2 1 0,3 0,7.
- un nng hn hp vi Ni:

M Y nX

1, 25 nY 0,8 nH2 p.u 1 0,8 0, 2mol.


M X nY

- X cn phn ng vi H2 v Br2 t n no nH2 nBr2 nC3 nBr2 0,3 0, 2 0,1


phn ng ht vi 0,8mol Y cn 0,1mol Br2 cn 0,05mol Br2 phn ng ht vi 0,4mol Y.
V

0, 05
0,5.
0,1

Li bnh: Bi ton hn hp phc tp i hi hc sinh phi tm c im chung ca cc cht trong


hn hp. Dng cu hi ny c trong thi i hc khi B 2013.
Cu 50. p n B
Cu hi ny lin quan n thc nghim pha long H2SO4 c. Cu ny ng dng trong nghin cu ti
phng th nghim. Cu hi c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cc em cn ch : H2SO4 c c c tnh ho nc, qu trnh ha tan ta ra nhiu nhit. pha
long H2SO4 c phi t t axit vo nc m khng lm ngc li.

Trang 153/305

P N S 5
5B
6D

1A

2C

3C

4C

7A

8C

9D

10B

11A

12A

13B

14B

15A

16B

17B

18D

19D

20B

21B

22B

23A

24B

25C

26D

27B

28C

29D

30C

31D

32B

33B

34D

35A

36C

37B

38D

39A

40A

41B

42D

43C

44A

45C

46B

47B

48D

49D

50C

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n A
Cu hi cp n phn ng thy luyn.
- Theo quy tc , mui thu c bao gm cc mui ly ca kim loi c tnh kh mnh t mnh nht
tr xung phi thu c mui Mg, Zn, Fe loi B v D.
- V dung dch khng c mui Cu nn kim loi thu c c cha Cu khng c mui Fe3+ loi C.
Cu 2: p n C
Cu hi ny c lin quan n kh nng to lin kt ha hc ca cc nguyn t phi kim.
- F ch c 1e c thn nn ch c cng ha tr l 1 A sai.
- N, P khng c trng thi no c 2e c thn nn khng c cng ha tr bng 2 B sai.
- O ch c 2e c thn nn ch c cng ha tr l 2 D sai.
Cu 3: p n C
- Kh A c to thnh t phn ng ca cht lng v rn A khng th l O2.
- A thu c bng cch di nc A khng tan hoc t tan trong nc A khng th l HCl v
NH3.
Li bnh: Cu hi thc nghim ha hc, dng cu hi ny tng t cu hi trong thi i hc khi
A, B 2014.
Cu 4: p n C
Hc sinh ch cn nm c cch xc nh s oxi ha trong hp cht hu c l c th cn bng d dng.
3CH 2 CH 2 2KMnO4 4H 2O 3HOCH 2 CH 2OH 2MnO2 2 KOH

Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d, l cu cho im ca thi.


Cu 5: p n B
Gi nng ban u ca dung dch CH3COOH l C.
CH3COOH CH3COO H+

Ban u:

Phn li:

Cn bng:

Ta c :

(1 - )C

CH3COO H +
2 2
2
C C
K
(1 )C 1
CH3COOH

2
K khng i. Nu pha long dung dch CH3COOH bng nc th C gim, 1 tng tng.

Trang 154/305

Li bnh: Cu hi ny lin quan n kin thc cn bng ha hc v s in li. Hc sinh cn ch


nng ban u, nng phn li v nng lc cn bng.
Cu 6: p n D
- V X (C6H10O4) tc dng vi NaOH thu c Y v hn hp ancol X l este 2 chc ca axit 2 chc
v 2 ancol n chc A sai.
- un ancol vi H2SO4 c thu c etyl metyl ete 2 ancol l CH3OH v C2H5OH CTCT ca X
l CH3OOCCH2COOC2H5 Y l NaOOCCH2COONa T l HOOCCH2COOH. T khng tc dng
c vi HBr B v C sai.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c kin thc tng hp v este v cc hp cht hu c khc. Tng t cu hi
trong thi i hc khi B 2014.
Cu 7: p n A
Trong nc tiu c NH3, NH3 c kh nng ha tan cc hp cht kt ta ca Ag, Cu, Zn do to phc.
Li bnh: y l 1 cu hi d, lin quan n kh nng to phc ca NH3
Cu 8: p n C
Gi s khi lng ca P2O5 trong phn supephotphat l 142 gam.
mphn bn = 142.100/40 = 355 gam.
Trong qu trnh sn xut phn bn, P c bo ton, do :

nCa ( H2 PO4 )2 nP2O5 1mol mCa ( H PO ) 234(gam).


2

4 2

Vy hm lng Ca(H2PO4)2 trong phn bn l:


%Ca( H 2 PO4 )2

234
.100% 65,9%
355

Cu 9: p n D
Trong n mn in ha, cc m l anot v l ni xy ra s oxi ha; cc dng l catot v l ni xy ra
s kh.
Cu 10: p n B
Vi cc dung dch c cng nng , pH t l thun vi tnh baz v t l nghch vi tnh axit. Vi cc
amino axit v mui ca n, tnh axit, baz c th hin mi quan h gia s nhm NH2 v COOH:
- Glyxin (H2NCH2COOH): c 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH.
- Axit glutamic (HOOCCH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH): c 1 nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH.
- Mui natri ca glyxin (H2NCH2COONa): c 1 nhm NH2 v khng c nhm COOH.
- Mui clorua ca axit glutamic (HOOCCH2CH2CH2CH(NH3Cl)COOH): c 2 nhm COOH v khng
c nhm NH2.
Cu 11: p n A
- V nCO2 nH2O = 8ncht bo phn t cht bo c 9 gc axit ca cht bo c 6 lin kt (v 3 lin
kt nm trong nhm chc este).
- Phn ng vi Br2: nBr2 = 6ncht bo = 6a = 0,6 a = 0,1.
Li bnh: y l dng cu hi n gin v t chy cht bo. Hc sinh cn ch cc lin kt trong
gc v nhm chc. Cu ny tng t cu trong thi i hc khi A nm 2014.
Trang 155/305

Cu 12: p n A
Li bnh: y l cu hi rt c bn v cc d phn nc cng.
Cu 13: p n B
Hc sinh s gii d dng nu bit s dng phng php quy i.
- uy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v O2 (y mol) 56x + 32y = 3,04 (1).
- Kh hn hp bng H2 nH2 nO 2 y 0,05 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) x = 0,04; y = 0,025.
- Ha tan hn hp bng dung dch H2SO4:

O2 4e 2O 2

Fe Fe3 3e

S 6 2e S 4 SO2

Bo ton e ta c: 3nFe 4nO2 2nSO2 nSO2 0,01 V 0, 224 lit 224ml.


Li bnh: Bi tp ny kh quen thuc c lin quan n st v hp cht; phn ng oxi ha kh. Hc
sinh cn kho lo s dng phng php gii ph hp.
Cu 14: p n B
- S mol cc cht: nkh (t) = 0,2; nkh (2t) = 0,45; nCl2

1
0, 2.
2nKCl

- Nhn thy: nkh (1) = nCl2 in phn trong khong thi gian t giy cha xy ra s in phn H2O
anot:

2Cl Cl2 2e
0, 2

Cu 2 2e Cu

0, 4

2 H 2O 4 H O2 4e
0, 01 0, 04

2H 2O 2e H 2 2OH

ne (t ) 0, 4 ne ( 2t ) 0,8 trong thi gian in phn 2t giy th anot thu thm c x mol

x 0,1
x y 0, 45 0, 2 0, 25 1
O2 v y mol H2 ta c:
v

y 0,15
4 x 0, 4

- Bo ton e 2nCu 2nH2 0,8 nCu 0, 25.


Li bnh: Cu hi cp n kin thc in phn. Cu hi khv hay, c tc dng phn loi hc sinh.
Tng t cu hi trong thi i hc khi A 2014.
Cu 15: p n A
V khi lng 2 phn bng nhau nn s e trao i 2 phn l nh nhau: ne = 2nH2 = 3nNO nNO = 0,1
V = 2,24 lit.
Li bnh: y l cu hi ph bin phn kim loi, l cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 16: p n B
S phn ng nh sau:

Trang 156/305

2
MgCl2 :0, 06 mol Mg :0, 06 mol

Dung dch X : AlCl3 : 0, 09 mol Al 3 : 0, 09 mol


HCl :0,11 mol

H : 0,11 mol

NaOH : 0, 02V mol


OH : 0, 04V mol
Dung dch Y :
Ba(OH )2 : 0, 01V mol
- Khi trn 2 dung dch th xy ra cc phn ng gia OH vi H+ v cc ion Mg2+, Al3+. lng kt ta
thu c l ln nht th: nOH nH 2nMg 2 3nAl3 0,5 0,04V V = 12,5 lit.
Cu 17: p n B
Ch c Ba(HCO3)2 tha mn iu kin v:
3
2 Al NO3 3 Al2O3 6 NO2 O2
2

1
AgNO3 Ag NO2 O2
2
1
Cu NO3 2 CuO 2 NO2 O2
2

MgCO3 MgO CO2


NH 4 HCO3 NH3 H 2O CO2

Ba HCO3 2 BaO H 2O 2CO2


Cc cht Al2O3, Ag, CuO v MgO khng tan trong nc. Ch c BaO:

BaO H 2O Ba OH 2
Cu 18: p n D
- X tc dng c vi NaOH d to kh trong X c Al d, cc oxit st phn ng ht. Bo ton e
3nAl d = 2nH 2 nAl d = 0,4 mol.
- Dung dch Y thu c c cha mui NaAlO2 (to thnh t phn ng ca Al v Al2O3 vi NaOH).
Sc CO2 thu kt ta l Al(OH)3. Bo ton Al ta c:

nAl OH = nAl d + 2nAl2O3 = nAl (ban u) = 1,2


3

nAl2O3 0, 4 mol.

- Cht khng tan Z l Fe. mmui sunfat = mFe 96nSO2 mFe 50, 4 gam.
- Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng nhit nhm mAl ban u + m = mAl d + mFe + mAl2O3
m 69,6 gam.

Li bnh: Cu hi thuc phn phn ng nhit nhm. Bi ton kh phc tp v lin quan n nhiu
phn ng i hi hc sinh phi c k nng gii bi tp tt. Hc sinh s dng 2 cng c: bo ton
nguyn t v bo ton khi lng gii. Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi A 2014.
Cu 19: p n D
- V H c 3 loi ng v nn:
+ Nu 2H trong nc ging nhau: 3 hng chn.
+ Nu 2 H trong nc khc nhau: 3 hng chn.
c 6 hng chn H.
- Do O c 3 loi ng v c 3 hng chn O.
Trang 157/305

S loi phn t nc thu c: 6.3 = 18.


Li bnh: y l dng cu hi quen thuc phn ng v, d ly im ca thi.
Cu 20: p n B
- Cht rn thu c khi nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i l MgO v Fe2O3
40nMg 80nFe 7,6 v 24nMg 56nFe 5,12 nMg 0,05; nFe 0,07.

- Phn ng ca kim loi vi O2: mO2 = mX mkim loi = 2,24 gam


nO2 0,07 nHCl 4nO2 0, 28mol.

- Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th kt ta thu c gm AgCl v Ag (c th c):


+ Bo ton Cl: nAgCl nHCl 0, 28mol.
+ Bo ton e: 2nMg 3nFe 4nO2 nAg nAg 0,03 mol.
mkt ta = 0,03.108 + 0,28.143,5 = 43,42 gam.
Li bnh: y l bi tp kh v hay, phn loi hc sinh.
Cu 21: p n B
- Cho X tc dng vi AgNO3 d ch c C3H4 to kt ta C4H3Ag nC4 H 4 = nkt ta = 0,12mol.
- nH2 nC2 H4 3nC4 H4 0, 46 nC2 H4 0,1 a 0,1 0,12 0, 22mol.
Li bnh: Bi tp v hidrocacbon. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi A 2014.
Cu 22: p n B:
Cch 1. Gi khi lng KCl cn thm vo l a gam.
Khi lng KCl trong 450 gam dung dch KCl 8%: mKCl
Sau khi thm: mKCl
Ta c: 12

36

450.8
36 gam.
100

a gam ; mdung dch = (450 + a) gam

36 a
.100 a = 20,45 (gam).
450 a

Cch 2. S dng phng php ng cho. Coi KCl l dung dch KCl 100%

mKCl
12 8
mKCl = 20,45 gam.

450 100 12

Li bnh: y l cu hi d phn pha trn dung dch.


Cu 23: p n A
Cu hi v phn ng t chy hidrocacbon Lp 11.
Gi cng thc ca hidrocacbon l CnH2n+2-2k nCO2 : nH 2O
t l tng khi n tng

n
k 1
1
n 1 k
n 1 k

k 1
tng khi n tng k < 1 (v mu lun tng khi n tng)
n 1 k

k = 0 hidrocacbon em t chy phi no, mch h.


Cu 24: p n B
- C: nX 0, 2; nBr2 0,35 1 nBr2 : nX 2 loi A (v A c 2 cht u phn ng vi Br2 theo
t l 1:2).
Trang 158/305

- Gi s 2 cht cn tm l CnH2n-2 (x mol) v CmH2m (y mol) (v trong 3 p n cn li c 2 p n gm


1 ankin v 1 anken) x + y = 0,2 v 2x + y = 0,35 x = 0,15; y = 0,05

mhh 14n 2 .0,15 14m.0,05 6,7 0,7 n 2,1m 7


ch c cp n = 4 v m = 2 tha mn.
Cu 25: p n C
- ehirat ho X thu c olefin X l ancol no, n chc CnH2n+1OH.

1
3
- Phn ng ca X vi Na: nH 2 nX 0, 025 nX 0, 05 M X
60 X l C3H7OH.
2
0, 05
- Do X bc II nn X l ancol isopropylic (CH3-CHOH-CH3) sn phm tch nc 1400c ca X l
iisopropyl ete.
Cu 26: p n D
nh du cc im A, B

Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3
Al (OH )3 OH Al (OH ) 4
Gi nng Al2(SO4)3 l CM (l) n Al2 SO4 0, 2.CM nAl3 0, 4CM
3

Ti A: n OH 0,18.1 0,18 n Al3 n


Ti B:
Al 3

0,18
0, 06
3

3OH Al (OH )3

0, 4CM 1, 2CM 0, 4CM


Al (OH )3

OH Al (OH ) 4

0,34 1, 2CM 0,34 1, 2CM

n 0,06 0, 4CM 0,34 1, 2CM 0,06 CM 0, 25M

Cu 27: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt phn anehit xeton
Cu 28: p n C
Cu hi d phn axit cacboxylic .
Bo ton O ta c: nO ( axit ) nO/ (O2 ) nO/ (CO2 ) nO / ( H2O ) nO2 0,3 V 6,72 lit.
Cu 29: p n D
- Ta c: nFe 0, 24; mO2 2, 4 gam nO2 0,075mol.

2n 2 3nFe3 4nO2 3nNO 0,57


nFe2 0,15
- Bo ton e v bo ton nguyn t ta c: Fe

nFe3 0, 09
nFe2 nFe3 nFe 0, 24

- iu kin trung ha in: 2nFe2 3nFe3 nNO 2nSO 2 nNO 0,37


3

Bo ton N nHNO3 a 0,09 0,37 0, 46 mol.


Trang 159/305

Li bnh: y l dng bi tp v st v phn ng oxi ha kh. Hc sinh cn dng phng pharp


bo ton e v bo ton nguyn t gii bi ton.
Cu 30: p n C
1 este th s c dng RCOO 3 C3 H 5 (gi l X)

RCOO 3 C3 H5

3NaOH 3RCOONa C3 H5OH

Ta c: n glixerol 0,01 mol ; nC17 H31COONa 0, 01 mol


V sn phm c ancol l glixerol nn y l este 3 chc nC17 H33COONa 0,02 mol

m 304.0,02 6,08 g
Cng thc ca X l: C3 H5 OOC C17 H31 OOC C17 H33 2 : nC3H5 OOC C17 H31 OOC C17 H33 0,01mol
2

Vy khi lng ca X l: mC3H5 OOC C17 H31 OOC C17 H33 0,01.882 8,82 gam.
2

Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng x phng ha cht bo.


Cu 31: p n D
iu ch HX t phn ng ny th HX phi l axit d bay hi v khng c tnh kh mnh.
Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d.
Cu 32: p n B
Peptit c to thnh t c 3 amino axit nn gc amino th nht c 3 hng la chn, gc amino axit
th 2 c 2 hng chn v gc amino axit th 3 c 1 hng chn s ng phn = 3.2.1 = 6.
Cu 33: p n B
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:

FeCl2 2CH 3 NH 2 2 H 2O Fe(OH )2 2CH 3 NH 3Cl


0,3

0,15

1
t0
2 Fe(OH ) 2 O2
Fe2O3 2 H 2O
2
0,15
0, 075
b mFe2O3 0,075.160 12 (gam).

Li bnh: y l bi ton n gin v tnh bazo ca amin. Hc sinh rt d ly im ca bi thi.


Cu 34: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt d v glucoz.
Glucoz tn ti c dng mch h v vng.
Cu 35: p n A
Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d phn phn loi polime.
Cu 36: p n C
Cc ng phn ca C4H9Cl v s tch nc:
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2Cl CH3 CH2 CH = CH2
CH3 CH2 CHCl CH3 CH3 CH = CH CH3 (c ng phn hnh hc) + CH3 CH2
CH = CH2
Trang 160/305

CH3 CH(CH3) CH2Cl (CH3)2C = CH2


CH3 CCl(CH3) CH3 (CH3)2C = CH2
Li bnh: y l cu cho im ca thi, cu hi thuc phn phn ng tch HX t dn xut halogen.
Cu 37: p n B
Ta c: MX = 88 X l C4H8O2.
- Gi cng thc ca X l RCOOR:
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH

R ' 17
C:
.100% 36,36% R ' 15 R ' l CH3
88
Vy este l C2H5COOCH3.
Cu 38: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt tng hp phn hu c.
Cc cht c phn ng vi dung dch NaOH l: etyl axetat, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, pcrezol.
Cu 39: p n A
- Gi s ly 1 mol hn hp X, trong s mol ca anken l a mol, ca H2 l 1 a mol.
- Ta c: MX = 6,4.2 = 12,8 (g/mol); MY = 8.2 = 16 (g/mol)
- X cha anken nn Y cha ankan c s nguyn t C ln hn 2, do Y phi cha H2 d.
- Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: mY mX 12,8 nY 0,8mol
nH2

( pu )

nanken 1 0,8 0, 2 a 0, 2

mX 14n.0, 2 2 1 0, 2 12,8 n 4
anken l C4H8.
Li bnh: y l dng bi tp v phn ng cng H2 ca hidrocacbon.
Cu 40: p n A
- Cng thc cc cht: axit butanioic C4H6O4; etanol C2H6O; axit acrylic C3H4O2; axit fomic CH2O. V
s mol axit fomic v axit acrylic bng nhau nn thay 2 cht ny bng cht mi c cng thc C 2H3O2.
- Gi s mol cc cht: C4H6O4; C2H3O2 v C2H6O c trong 38,4 gam hn hp ln lt l x, y v z
118x + 59y + 46z = 59(2x + y) + 46z = 38,4 (1).
- t chy hn hp X nCO2 4 x 2 y 2 z . Hp th CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 theo bi ta c
cc phn ng:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 (v c kt ta v un dung dch li thu c kt ta
na)

nCO2 nCaCO3 2 nCaOH nCaCO3


2

1,5 4x + 2y + 2z = 1,5 2x + y + z = 0,75 (2).

Gii h (1) v (2) 2 x y 0,3 v z 0, 45.


- Cho X tc dng vi NaOH ch c C6H10O4 v C3H5O2 phn ng, s mol NaOH phn ng l:
nNaOH p.u 2 x y 0,3 mol nH2O cht rn thu c gm 2 mui v 0,05 mol NaOH d

mrn maxit mNaOH mH2O 38, 4 46.0, 45 0,35.40 0,3.18 26,3 gam chn C.
Trang 161/305

Li bnh: Bi tp kh v phn ng t chy axit cacboxylic. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi A


2014.
Cu 41: p n B
Cho Ba vo cc dung dch c phn ng:
Ba + 2H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
Sau BaCl2 c phn ng vi cc mui. Cc mui to c kt ta gm: NaHCO3, CuSO4,
(NH4)2CO3, MgCl2.
Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d v phn ng ca cc cht v c.
Cu 42: p n D
V anehit thu c 2 chc C3H6(OH)2 c cu to HOCH2CH2CH2OH
C3H6Br2 l CH2BrCH2CH2Br X l xiclopropan.
Li bnh: Cu hi v mi quan h chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c
Cu 43: p n C
Ta c: s mol hn hp X l: nhh nNaOH 0, 2 nO2

(trong hh )

nCO2 0,6 nH2O m 0, 2.32 0,6.12 0,6.2 14,8 (gam).

Li bnh: y l bi tp n gin v axti v este.


Cu 44: p n A
y ta c Ag mnh hn Fe3 vy Mg s tc dng vi Ag trc.

Mg 2 AgNO3 Mg NO3 2 2 Ag

0, 015 0, 03

0, 03

Mg 2 Fe NO3 3 Mg NO3 2 2 Fe NO3 2


0, 01 0, 02

0, 02

Mg Fe NO3 2 Fe MgNO3
0, 005

0, 005

m 0,005.56 0,03.108 3,52 (gam)

Li bnh: y l dng bi tp v phn ng thy luyn, khi gii dng ton ny hc sinh cn ch :
1- Phn ng gia kim loi vi dung dch mui xy ra theo qui tc Cht kh mnh tc dng vi cht
oxi ho mnh sinh ra cht kh yu hn v cht oxi ho yu hn.
VD: Fe + Cu2+

Fe2+ + Cu;
Cu + Fe3+

Fe2+ + Cu2+
2- Trng hp cho hn hp nhiu kim loi tc dng vi mt dung dch mui th kim loi c tnh kh
mnh hn s b OXH trc.
VD: Ho tan hn hp kim loi Mg, Fe v Cu trong dung dch cha mui AgNO3 th th t
phn ng xy ra nh sau:
Mg + 2Ag+
Mg2+ + 2Ag;
Fe + 2Ag+
Fe2+ + 2Ag
Cu + 2Ag+
Cu2+ + 2Ag;
Fe2+ + Ag+
Fe3+ + Ag
3- Trng hp ho tan mt kim loi vo dung dch cha nhiu mui th ion kim loi no c tnh OXH
mnh hn s b kh trc.
VD: Ho tan Fe trong dung dch cha ng thi cc dung dch HCl, AgNO3 v CuSO4, th t
phn ng xy ra ln lt nh sau:
Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag; Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu;
Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2
4- gii bi ton ny ta thng s dng kt hp cc phng php gii sau: Bo ton khi lng, bo
Trang 162/305

ton in tch, bo ton nguyn t, tng gim khi lng, bo ton electron
5- Cc kim loi tan trong nc khi tc dng vi cc dung dch mui khng cho ra kim loi mi.
VD: 2Na + CuSO4 + H2O Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + H2
6- Trong mi trng trung tnh ion NO3- khng c tnh OXH nhng trong mi trng axit NO3- l mt
cht OXH mnh
VD: 3Cu 2 NO3 8H 3Cu 2 2 NO 4 H 2O
Cu 45: p n C
Cu hi d v cu hnh e nguyn t .
- Cu hnh e ca Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1.
- 6e c thn ca Cr nm phn lp 3d v 4s.
Cu 46: p n B
Ta c: nSO2 0,15 mol ; nS 0, 02 mol
Gi s mol Cu v Zn ln lt l x v y => 64x + 65y = 12,9 (I)
u trnh kh

u trnh oxi ha:

Cu 0 Cu 2 2e
x

2x

S 4 S 6 2e
0,14

0, 28

Zn0 Zn2 2e

S 0 S 6 +6e

0, 02

2y

0,12

=> Tng n e nhng = 2x + 2y (mol)


=> Tng n e nhn = 0,28 + 0,12 = 0,4 (mol)
Theo nh lut bo ton e: Tng n e nhng = Tng n e nhn
=> 2x + 2y = 0,4 (II)
T (I) v (II) => x = 0,1 v y = 0,1
Thnh phn phn trm khi lng Cu, Zn trong hn hp ban u l:
=> %mCu

0,1.64
.100 49,61% ; %mZn 100 49,61 50,39%
12,9

Li bnh: y l dng bi kim loi tc dng vi axit c tnh oxi ha mnh. dng bi ton ny cc
em cn ch :
- Kim loi th hin nhiu s oxi ha khc nhau khi phn ng vi H2SO4 c, HNO3 s t s oxi ha
cao nht
- Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi H2SO4 c nng (tr Pt, Au) v H2SO4 c ngui (tr Pt, Au,
Fe, Al, Cr), khi S+6 trong H2SO4 b kh thnh S+4 (SO2) ; So hoc S-2 (H2S)
- Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi HNO3 c nng (tr Pt, Au) v HNO3 c ngui (tr Pt, Au,
Fe, Al, Cr), khi N+5 trong HNO3 b kh thnh N+4 (NO2)
- Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi HNO3 long (tr Pt, Au), khi N+5 trong HNO3 b kh
thnh N+2 (NO) ; N+1 (N2O) ; No (N2) hoc N-3 (NH4+)
Cu 47: p n B
Cht to khi trng vi HCl gm NH3 v CH3NH2.
Cu 48: p n D
Cu hi v mi quan h chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c.
- B l ancol bc I A c nguyn t Cl gn C u mch B c nhm OH C u mch C c
ni i u mch.
Trang 163/305

- F l ancol bc III F l (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3 E l CH2=C(CH3)CH2CH3 (loi v khng tha


mn c to thnh t phn ng tch nc ca ancol bc II) hoc (CH3)2C=CHCH3
ancol bc II D l (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3 C l (CH3)2CHCH=CH2 B l (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
A l (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Cl.
Cu 49: p n D
Cu hi tng hp hu c.
Cc cht tc dng vi dung dch Br2 gm phenol, anilin, glucoz, mantoz v axit acrylic.
Cu 50: p n C
Cc ng phn C3H6O2 n chc gm:
CH3CH2COOH
HCOOCH2CH3
CH3COOCH3

Trang 164/305

P N S 6
5C
6A

1C

2A

3B

4D

7B

8B

9C

10B

11D

12A

13B

14C

15D

16D

17C

18A

19D

20D

21B

22A

23B

24B

25A

26A

27B

28A

29D

30B

31C

32C

33D

34A

35B

36D

37D

38A

39C

40D

41C

42A

43D

44C

45B

46C

47B

48A

49C

50B

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n C
Hc sinh c th lm theo 2 cch sau:
Cch 1. Amino axit no, mch h c cha hai nhm COOH v mt nhm NH2 c bt bo ha (s
lin kt pi) = 2 v cha bn nguyn t O, mt nguyn t N. Tm c CnH2n-1O4N.
Cch 2 Amino axit no, mch h c cha hai nhm COOH v mt nhm NH2 l dn xut ca ankan,
cng thc: H 2 N Cm H 2m1 COOH 2 hay Cm+2H2m+3O4N hay CnH2n-1O4N.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn phn lp cng thc tng qut ca cht hu c.
Cu 2: p n A
- p n A ng v nhm v canxi u c mng tinh th lp phng
- p n B sai v corindon l qung nhm.
- p n C sai v ankan ch cha lin kt n.
- p n D sai v amiloz v amilopectin l hai dng ca tinh bt.
Li bnh: y l dng cu hi l thuyt tng hp kh.
Cu 3: p n B
- p n B ng v tn thay th cc cht ln lt l C2H5OH (etanol); CH3CHO (etanal) v CH3COOH
(axit etanoic).
- p n A sai v cc tn nu ra u l tn thng thng .
- p n C sai v anehit etanal khng phi l tn thay th ca CH3CHO.
- p n D sai v ancol etanol v anehit etanal khng phi tn thay th ca ancol C 2H5OH v andehit
CH3CHO.
Li bnh: y l cu hi d v tn gi cht hu c Lp 11.
Cu 4: p n D

Fe2O3 6 H 2 Fe3 3H 2O
x

2x

2 Fe3 Cu 2 Fe2 Cu 2
2x

2x

V phn ng c d H+ nn Fe2O3 tan ht, d Cu nn Fe3+ ht, dung dch X c Cu2+, Fe2+.
Cho dung dch NH3 ti d vo dung dch X th c kt ta ch c Fe(OH)2, cn Cu(OH)2 tan do to
phc:
Trang 165/305

Fe2 Fe OH 2

1
Fe2O3
2

32
0, 2 nCu phn ng = 0,2mol
160
Vy khi lng hn hp l: m 32 0, 2.64 6, 4 51, 2 gam.
nFe2O3 x

Cu 5: p n C
ng v c cc cp to kt ta l (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), (9)
(1) Pb(NO3)2 + H2S PbS + 2HNO3
(2) Pb(NO3)2 + CuCl2 Cu(NO3)2 + PbCl2
(3) 2H2S + SO2 2H2O + 3S
(4) 2FeCl3 + H2S S + 2FeCl2 + 2HCl
(5) AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
(6) 3NaAlO2 + AlCl3 + 6H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl.
(7) FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
(8) Na2SiO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + SiO2
(9) NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 d 2BaCO3 + NaOH + 2H2O
c 8 phn ng to kt ta.
Li bnh: y l cu hi n gin v phn ng trong dung dch.
Cu 6: p n A
- Ta c: nHCl 0,08.1 0,08 mol.
- Hn hp gm glyxin (M = 75) v alanin (M = 89) 75 M hh 89

11,95
11,95
nhh
75
89

0,159 3 nhh 0,1343.


- Nhn thy cc amino axit u phn ng vi HCl theo t l 1:1 nn nHCl nhh amino axit d.
m maxit mamino axit 11,95 0,08.36,5 14,87 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng ca amino axit tc dng vi HCl.
Bi tp khng kh, ch cn hc sinh bit bin lun khong gi tr mol ca hn hp amino axit.

Cu 7: p n B
Cu hi v tnh ho nc ca CaCl2.
Cu 8: p n B
- B sau v anehit oxalic khng tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng.
- A ng v: Tinh bt, xenluloz, mantoz u b thy phn trong mi trng axit to glucoz.
- C ng v: Glucoz, fructoz, u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, to) cho sobitol.
- D ng v: Cho isopren tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1:1 thu c ti a 6 sn phm (khng k
ng phn hnh hc) gm:
CH3-C(CH3)BrCH=CH2
CH2BrCH(CH3)CH=CH2
CH2=C(CH3)CH2CH2Br
CH2=C(CH3)CHBrCH3
Trang 166/305

CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2Br
CH2BrC(CH3)=CHCH3
Li bnh: Cu hi cc d v cch thc phn ng cng vo ankadien lin hp. y li l mt cu cho
im ca thi.
Cu 9: p n C
Cu hi d v phn bit cc cht kh Lp 10.
- C ng v SO2 to kt ta mu trng, cn H2S to dung dch mui.
- A, B sai v c hai kh ny u lm mt mu dung dch Br2 v dung dch KMnO4.
- D sai v c hai kh u to dung dch khng mu.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cc k n gin v phn bit cc cht kh. Hc sinh ch cn nh tnh cht vt l
v ha hc ca cc kh.
Cu 10: p n B
Cu hi rt n gin v tnh axit, baz ca dung dch
- B ng v cht lng tnh NaHCO3 cng c tnh axit.
- A sai v K2S c tnh baz
- C sai v ZnO, CH3COONa c tnh baz.
- D sai v Na3PO4 c tnh baz.
Cu 11: p n D
Bo ton e ta c: 3.nCr 3.nNO a.nX (vi a l s mol e m N+5 nhn to ra 1 mol kh X)
3.0,1 3.0,02 0,024a a 10 X l N2.

Nhn xt: Bi tp d v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3 v bo ton electron.


Cu 12: p n A
Cu hi ph bin v cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh. Ch kh v s oxi ha cn cha n.
Phng trnh hon chnh:

5x

2 y Mg 12 x 4 y HNO3 5 x 2 y Mg NO3 2 2 N xOy 6 x 2 y H 2O

S phn t HNO3 b kh ( to NxOy) l 2x.


Cu 13: p n C
Cc cht mun tham gia phn ng trng hp phi c lin kt i C = C hoc vng khng bn. Cc cht
trng hp c gm: caprolactam (1), acrilonitrin (3), vinyl axetat (5).
Li bnh: Cu hi rt c bn v phn iu ch polime.
Cu 14: p n C
- C ng v Cu(OH)2 tan trong dung dch NH3 (to phc) cn Al2O3 th khng.
- A sai v Al2O3 tan trong dung dch NaOH to dung dch trong sut
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
- B sai v Al2O3 v Cu(OH)2 tan trong HCl to dung dch mu trng:
Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O
- D sai v c hai cht u khng tan trong H2O.
Li bnh: Cu hi tch bit cht.
Trang 167/305

Hc sinh cn lu yu cu ca bi l tch Al2O3 khi hn hp nh vy qua qu trnh thc hin phi


thu li c Al2O3.
Cu 15: p n D
- uy hn hp v Fe (x mol) v O2 (y mol) 56x + 32y = 5,36 (1).
- Dung dch X tc dng vi Cu c kh NO thot ra trong X cn H+ v NO3- Fe tc dng ht v to
Fe3+:
Fe Fe3 3e
NO3 3e 4 H 2 H 2O NO
O2 4 H 4e 2 H 2O

- Theo phng php bo ton mol electron ta c: 3nFe 3nNO 4nO2 3x 0,03 4 y 2
Gii h (1) v (2) x = 0,07; y = 0,045.
- Cc phn ng:
nH p.u 4nNO 4nO2 0, 22 nH du 0,03 0,18.2 0, 22 0,17 mol.
Dung dch X gm: 0,17mol H+, 0,07mol Fe3+, 0,02mol NO3-, 0,18mol SO42-.
- Khi thm Cu vo xy ra phn ng:

3Cu 8H 2 NO3 3Cu 2 2 NO 4 H 2O


0, 04 0,17 0, 02
-

NO3 ht.

Cu 2 Fe3 2 Fe2 Cu 2
0, 01 0, 02

0, 02

0, 01

Dung dch thu c c 0,09 mol H+; 0,05mol Fe3+; 0,02mol Fe2+; 0,18mol SO42-; 0,04mol Cu2+. C
cn dung dch thot ra 0,045mol H2SO4.
Khi lng mui trong dung dch thu c l:

m 0,07.56 0,04.64 96. 0,18 0,045 19, 44 gam .


Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca Fe v oxit Fe vi HNO3.Bi ton s tr nn d dng
hn nu hc sinh bit dng phng php qui i.

Cu 16: p n D
Nhn xt: Bi tp ph bin v phn ng ca xenluloz vi HNO3 c trong thi i hc v cao
ng nhiu nm.
Ta c:
[C6 H 7O2 (OH )3 ]n 3n HNO3 [C6 H 7 O2 ( NO3 )3 ]n 3n H 2O

162

189

324

75%
378

297
445,5

Cu 17: p n C
V nCO2 nH2O este no, n chc, mch h CnH2nO2.

Trang 168/305

3n-2
O2 nCO2 + nH 2O
2
0,525
0,45

Cn H 2n O2 +

0,525n

0, 45. 3n 2
n 3
2

0, 45
0,15mol.
3
Cng thc ca hai este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3

este l C3H6O2 neste

HCOONa x
HCOOC2 H5
NaOH

CH3COONa y
(mol)

0,2 mol
CH3COOCH3
NaOH
0, 05
du

x y 0,15
x 0,1

(mol)
68x 82y 12,9 0, 05.40
y 0, 05
n este 0,15 mol

Thnh phn % s mol ca HCOOC2H5:

%HCOOC2 H5

0,1
.100% 66, 67%
0,15

Li bnh: y l dng c bn v t chy este.


Cu 18: p n A
Cu hi lin quan n tnh cht ca Ag, Cu v dy in ha.
- p n A, B: c Cu v Ag u phn ng.
- p n C: c Cu v Ag u khng phn ng.
- p n D: Cu phn ng, Ag khng.
Cu 19: p n D
Ta c:

n=

n CO2
n hh

0,3
= 1,2 hn hp c HCHO
0,25

Gi andehit cn li l RCHO. t n HCHO = x mol; n RCHO = y mol

nAg 4nHCHO 2nRCHO 4 x 2 y 0,9 1 v nhh = x + y = 0,25 (2).


T (1) v (2) x = 0,2; y = 0,05.
V: nCO2 x ny (vi n l s C trong anehit cn li) 0, 2 0,05n 0,3 n 2
2 anehit l HCHO v CH3CHO.
Li bnh: y l dng cu hi thng gp v andehit.
Cu 20: p n D
- Theo bi cha 2 gc Gly, 1 Ala, 1 Val v 1 Tyr.
- Do thy phn khng hon ton thu c Gly Val v Val Gly nn trong X phi cha nhm Gly
Val Gy.
- Cc cu to tha mn:
Gly Val Gly Ala Tyr
Gly Val Gly Tyr Ala
Trang 169/305

Ala Tyr Gly Val Gly


Tyr Ala Gly Val Gly
Tyr Gly Val Gly Ala
Ala Gly Val Gly Tyr
Cu 21: p n B
Bng tm dung dch NaOH hn ch Cl2 thot ra ngoi khng kh
Cu 22: p n A
Gi khi lng bnh khi cha C4H10 v CH4 l m (gam).
S mol kh trong bnh l x (mol).
Bnh cha C4H10: m + 58x = 48,5
Bnh cha CH4: m + 16x = 38
Kt hp gii h phng trnh ta c: x = 0,25mol; m = 34 gam
Bnh cha X: 34 + 0,25.MX = 40,5 M = 26.
Hidrocacbon l C2H2.
Cu 23: p n B
- Khi tng th tch bnh tc gim p sut ca h cn bng khng chuyn dch v h s kh 2 v
bng nhau A sai.
- Tng nhit th cn bng phn ng s chuyn dch theo chiu thu nhit (thun) B ng.
- p n C sai v: gim nng cht tham gia phn ng th cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu lm
tng nng cht (nghch).
- p n D sai v: cht xc tc khng c tc dng lm chuyn dch cn bng.
Cu 24: p n B
V X + NaOH to ra kh mi khai X l mui ca axit cacboxylic vi NH 3 hoc amin CH3NH2,
C2H5NH2, (CH3)2NH v (CH3)3N.
Cc cu to ph hp:
CH2 = CH CH2 COONH4
CH3 CH = CH COONH4 (c ng phn hnh hc).
CH2 = C(CH3) COONH4
CH2 = CH COOH3NCH3
Li bnh: y l 1 cu hi kh phn ng phn ca hp cht hu c cha N.

Cu 25: p n A
- X c tng s ht l 58 2ZX + NX = 58. nguyn t bn cn ZX NX 1,5ZX 3ZX 58
3,5ZX 16 < ZX < 19,3 ZX = 17, 18 hoc 19.
- V Y c nhiu hn X 8 ht mang in 2ZY 2ZX = 8 ZY ZX = 4.
- Nu ZX = 17 ZY = 21.
+ Cu hnh e ca X: 1s22s22p63s23p5 X thuc nhm VIIA, chu k 3.
+ Cu hnh e ca Y: 1s22s22p63s23p63d14s2 Y thuc nhm IIIB, chu k 4.
Loi v khng p n no ph hp.
- Nu ZX = 18 ZY = 22.
+ Cu hnh e ca X: 1s22s22p63s23p6 X thuc nhm VIIIA, chu k 3.
Trang 170/305

+ Cu hnh e ca Y: 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2 Y thuc nhm IVB, chu k 4.


Loi v khng p n no ph hp.
- Nu ZX = 19 ZY = 23.
+ Cu hnh e ca X: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 X thuc nhm IA, chu k 4.
+ Cu hnh e ca Y: 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2 Y thuc nhm VB, chu k 4.
Chn C.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v thnh phn nguyn t v v tr ca X trong bng tun hon. L 1 cu cho
im ca thi.
Cu 26: p n A
- Hn hp kh gm H2 v H2S. Theo t khi ta c nH2 : nH2 S 4 :1 .
V nH2 nH2S nFe du nFeS nFe a nH2 0,8a ; nH2 S 0, 2a = nS phn ng = nFe phn ng.
- V hiu sut phn ng t 50% nn nS = b = 2nS phn ng = 0,2a a : b = 5:1.
Li bnh: Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2014.
Cu 27: p n B
A sai v: axit axetic tan v hn trong nc
B ng v benzen hu nh khng tan trong nc nhng tan trong nhiu dung mi hu c.
C sai v ancol etylic tan v hn trong nc.
D sai v metylamin d tan trong nc
Cu 28: p n A
V X, Y thuc cng chu k v 2 nhm A lin tip nn ZY ZX = 1 hoc ZY ZX = 11.
- Nu ZY ZX = 1; ZY + ZX = 51 ZX = 25; ZY = 26. Vit cu hnh e thy khng tha mn vic X
thuc nhm IIA, Y thuc nhm IIIA.
- Nu ZX ZY = 11; ZY + ZX = 51 ZY = 31; ZX = 20. Vit cu hnh e thy tha mn X thuc nhm
IIA, Y thuc nhm IIIA loi B, D, C (v X l Ca c phn ng vi H2O) chn A.
Li bnh: Cu hi quen thuc v v tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cu 29: p n D
Bi ton c quy v: 350 ml dung dch Ba(OH)21M + 250 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 x M c 94,2375
gam kt ta.
- Trng hp 1: Thu c Al(OH)3 (a mol) v Al(OH)4- (b mol)
3a + 4b = 0,7 (bo ton OH-) v a + b = 0,5x x = 2a + 2b < 1,4/3 (bo ton Al)
a = 2x - 0,7; nSO4 = 0,75x < 0,35 = n Ba 2+
n BaSO4 = 0,75x
78(2x 0,7) + 233.0,75x = 94,2375 x = 0,45 (M)
- Trng hp 2: Thu c Al(OH)3
0,5x >

0,7
mol v cn Al3+ d
3

0,7
x > 7/15
3

n SO2- > 0,35 n BaSO4 = n Ba 2+ = 0,35


4

m kt ta = 78.0,7/3 + 233.0,35 = 99,75 > 94,2375 loi.


Trang 171/305

Vy x = 0,45 M.
Li bnh: Bi tp kh v hay v phn ng gia cc cht trong dung dch. C tnh phn loi hc sinh.
Cu 30: p n B
C hai kh nng xy ra:
- Trng hp 1: Ba mui thu c gm Fe(NO3)3; Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 d
3nFe 2Cu nAg 3.0,1 2.0,1 0,1.x x 5 Loi v khng c gi tr ph hp.

- Trng hp 2: Ba mui thu c gm Fe(NO3)3; Fe(NO3)2; Cu(NO3)2


2nFe 2nCu nAg 3nFe 2nCu 2.0,1 2.0,1 0,1.x 3.0,1 2.0,1 4 x 5

x = 4,5 l ph hp.
Li bnh: Cu hi v phn ng thy luyn. Hc sinh cn lu sn phm mui thu c.
Cu 31: p n C

N2
Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 : 0, 4 mol
C
CuO N
Khng kh CO 2

N2
: 1, 2 mol
CO2
CO
2

n C n BaCO3 0, 4mol m 0, 4.12 4,8 gam


n N2 1, 2 Vkk 1, 2.22, 4.

100
33, 6 lt
80

Cu 32: p n C
Ta c:
n = 0,2 1,3 Axit A l HCOOH v axit B l HCOOCH3
0,15

nAg 2nX 0,3 mol

mAg 43, 2 gam .


Vy khi lng bc thu c l 43,2 gam.
Li bnh: y l dng bi rt c bn v cc cht hu c.
Cu 33: p n D
Ta c: VH2 = Vanken , dng phng php ng cho tnh c anken c M = 42: C3H6.
Vy anken l C3H6.
p dng cc cng thc:

M1.n1
n1 M 2
= 1,2 (mol); n H2 pu = n C3H8 = 2 - 1,2 = 0,8 (mol)
=
v n H2 pu = n1 - n 2 n 2 =
n2
M2
M1
Hn hp Y gm: C3H8 (0,8 mol); C3H6 d (0,2 mol) v H2 d (0,2 mol).
Thnh phn phn trm khi lng anken l:

0,8.44
.100% = 80%
0,8.44 + 0,2.42 + 0,2.2

Li bnh: Bi ton quen thuc v phn ng cng H2 ca hidrocacbon.


Cu 34: p n A
Ta c: nX : nHCl 1 : 2 nh vy amino axit c hai nhm NH2; CTCT l (H2N)2R(COOH)n
Trang 172/305

mamino axit 2,19 0,02.36,5 1, 46 M amino axit 146 14.2 R 45n

n = 1; R = 69 (C5H9)
Vy CTPT ca X l: (H2N)2C5H9COOH.
Li bnh: Bi tp rt c bn v amino axit. Cu hi gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
Cu 35: p n B
S phn ng nh sau:

HNO3 NO: 0,11


Al2O3

3+
:x
Al

t
Al ; Fe3+

Fe

Fe3O4 : y
Al
NaOH

H 2 : 0,03
o

nAl d = nH2 0,02 mol

8Al + 3Fe3O4 4Al2O3 + 9Fe


8y
3

3x + y = 0,11.3
x = 0,1
Ta lp c h phng trnh:

3x - 8y = 0,06
y = 0,03

m 2. 0,1.27 0,03.232 19,32 gam .


Vy khi lng hn hp X l: m = 19,32 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng nhit nhm v cht kh + HNO3. Dng bi ny chng ta cng gp
nhiu trong cc thi tuyn sinh i hc.
Cu 36: p n D
Cu hi n gin phn xc nh lin kt.
S lin kt n = (4n + 2n + 2.2)/2 1 = 3n + 1.
Cu 37: p n D

N2
C2 H 7 N: 1
CO

2
to
: 24

Hn hp X gm N 2
O
H 2O
:6
2
O2du

C2 H 7 N 3, 75O2 2CO2 3,5H 2O 0,5 N 2


1

Sau p 0

2,75

3, 75
2

0,5

Ta c n1 = 31 mol; n 2 = n N2 + n O2 du + n CO2 = 2,75 + 2 + 0,5 + 24 = 29,25(mol)


Ta c t s:

p1
n
31
= 1 =
= 1,06
p2
n2
28,75

Cu 38: p n A
Cu hi rt d v n mn in ha
Trang 173/305

Zn Fe; Zn b n mn in ha, sau khi ht Zn th Fe b n mn ha hc. Do vy qu trnh n mn Fe


l chm nht.
Cu 39: p n C
Ta c n CO2 = 0,35 mol; n H2O = 0,6 mol n CO2 < n H2O hai ancol u no, mch h
nhai ancol nH2O nCO2 0, 25 ; n = 1,4 c CH3OH (x mol) v CnH2n+2Om (y mol)

x ny 0,35 1
p dng phng php bo ton khi lng ta c:

m 10,35 m 10 mH2 0,175 x my 0,35 2


T (1) v (2) c n = m. Vy hai ancol l CH3OH v C2H6O2.
Cu 40: p n D
Cu hi d v phn ng ca cc cht hu c.
Cht to kt ta vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 phi c lin kt ba u mch hoc c nhm CHO.
Cu 41: p n C
- S mol cc cht: nO2 0, 4 mol; n CO2 0,35 mol; n H2O 0, 45 mol Y v Z l 2 ancol no.
- C = 1,75 2 ancol l CH3OH v C2H5OH (c cng thc trung bnh l CnH2n+2O)
- Bo ton O nO ( hh ) 0, 45 0,35.2 0, 4.2 0,35mol.
- Gi s trong 0,2mol hn hp c x mol X v y mol hn hp Y v Z
x y 0, 2 v 4 x y 0,35

x 0,05; y 0,15. nCO2 nH2O nY Z nX X l axit no, 2 chc.

- %mO ( X ) 70% MX > 91,4 gi X l CaHbO4 (0,05mol)


0,05a 0,15n 0,35 a 3n 7

V 1 < n < 2 1 < a < 4 a = 3 axit l C3H4O4 n

%mY

4
CH3OH 0,1mol; C2H5OH 0,05mol
3

0,1.32.100
29, 6%.
0,1.32 0, 05.46 0, 05.106

Li bnh: Bi tp kh v phn ng t chy cht hu c. Cu hi trong thi i hc khi B 2013.


Cu 42: p n A
Ta c n K 2Cr2O7 =

4,41
= 0,015(mol)
294

Theo phng php bo ton mol electron: 6.n K2Cr2O7 = 2.n Cl2
n Cl2 = 0,045 (mol); V = n. 22,4= 1,008 (lt).
Li bnh: Bi tpcc d v phn ng ca HCl vi K2Cr2O7. L cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 43: p n D
- iu kin trung ha in: x = 0,005.
- nBaOH 0,06 nBa2 ; nOH 0,12.
2

- Thm Ba(OH)2 xy ra cc phn ng:


Trang 174/305

SO4 2 Ba 2 BaSO4
0, 005 0, 06
OH NH 4 NH 3 H 2O
0,12

0, 03

2OH Mg 2 Mg OH 2
0, 09

0, 04

Dung dch Y gm: 0,055mol Ba 2 ; 0,10mol Cl ; 0,01mol OH


Khi lng cht rn khan thu c l: m = 11,255 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in li.
Cu 44: p n C
Cu hi v phn ng nhit luyn.
H2 kh c oxit ca cc kim loi ng sau Al cc cht: CuO, Fe2O3 v ZnO b kh thnh kim loi;
MgO khng phn ng.
Cu 45: p n B
Cu hi v cu to phn t amilopectin.
Cu 46: p n C
Ta c:

n CO2
C2 H5OH
n CO2 =1,3 mol
n ancol = n H2O - n CO2 = 0,5 mol; n =
= 2,6

n ancol
C3H7 OH

n H2O =1,8 mol


Ta c n Ag =

43,2
= 0,4 mol.
108

Xt t l mol

Ag
0, 4
=
= 0,8 < 2 c mt ancol bc II (oxi ha to xeton, khng tham gia phn
n ancol 0,5

ng trng bc).
Vy cng thc cu to ca hai ancol l:
CH3-CH2-OH (etanol) v

CH3 -CH-CH3 (propan-2-ol)


|
OH

Li bnh: y l dng bi tp c bn v ancol. Hc sinh cn c vo yu t chia 2 phn bng nhau


ca hn hp gii bi ton.
Cu 47: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt tng hp hu c.
- B sai v ch khi trng ngng cc -amino axit mi thu c polipeptit.
- A ng v: natri phenolat c tnh baz nn lm qu tm ha xanh, phenylamoni clorua c tnh axit
nn lm qu tm ha .
- C ng v: hidrocacbon ng vai tr l cht oxi ha, H2 ng vai tr l cht kh.
- D ng v: 2C12 H22O11 + Cu OH 2 C12 H22O11 2 Cu + 2H2O
Cu 48: p n A
Ta c: n PCl5 =

31,275
= 0,15 mol
208,5
Trang 175/305

PCl5 + 4H2O 5HCl + H3PO4


0,15
0,75
0,15

n H+ = 0,75+ 3.0,15= 1,2 mol n OH- = 1,2 mol


VNaOH =

n
1,2
=
= 0,6 (lt).
CM
2

Cu 49: p n C
Ta c: n HCl = 0,2 mol; n Cu 2S =

4,8
= 0,03mol
160

3Cu 2S + 16H + + 10NO3- 6Cu 2+ + 3SO24 + 10NO + 8H 2O


0,03

0,2

0,12

Cu2S phn ng ht. Theo phng trnh ta c: n NO =

0,1
10.n Cu2S
3

= 0,1 mol V= 0,1.22,4= 2,24 (lt).

Phn ng c tnh theo Cu2S.


Cu 50: p n B
Cho CO2 t t n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 xy ra cc phn ng:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Kt ta tng dn n cc i. Sau kt ta b ha tan dn theo phng trnh:
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2
Li bnh: Cu hi c s dng th tng t thi i hc khi A 2014.

Trang 176/305

P N S 7
5B
6C

1A

2A

3C

4B

7C

8A

9C

10C

11B

12B

13A

14D

15D

16C

17C

18A

19A

20A

21D

22D

23D

24B

25C

26D

27C

28C

29B

30C

31A

32C

33C

34B

35D

36A

37B

38A

39D

40B

41D

42B

43B

44D

45B

46D

47A

48D

49A

50D

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n A
X c CTPT: CxHyOzNt.

y
t
H 2O + N 2
2
2
tng khi lng ca bnh (1) = khi lng nc = 4,5 gam;
t
xCO2 +
Ta c s : Cx H y Oz N t
o

Kt ta l CaCO3 c: n CaCO3 = n CO2 = 0,2 mol ; n N2 = 0,05mol .


Trong 7,5 gam X c: 2,4 gam C (0,2 mol C) ; 1,4 gam N ( 0,1 mol N) ; 0,5 gam H (0,5 mol H) v 3,2
gam O (0,2 mol O).
Xt t l : x : y : z : t = 0,2 : 0,5 : 0,2 :0,1 = 2 : 5 : 2 : 1. .
Vy X c cng thc n gin nht: C2H5O2N Cng thc phn t ca X l C2H5O2N.
Li bnh: Cu ny rt c bn ca dng bi ton xc nh cng thc phn t.
Cu 2: p n A
CTPT ca X c dng CxHyOz.
Ta c phng trnh
t
Cx H y Oz
xCO2
o

m gam

y
H 2O
2
0,3mol

0, 2 mol

Kh oxi d: 0,1 mol; kh oxi ban u: 0,4 mol.


Khi lng oxi tham gia phn ng chy: mO2 0,3.32 9,6 gam; mC 2, 4 gam; mH2O 0,6 gam
Bo ton O ta c: mO ( X ) mO / (CO2 ) mO / ( H2O ) mO / (O2 ) 0, 2.2.16 0,3.16 9,6 1,6 gam

mX 2, 4 0,6 1,6 4,6 gam .


Li bnh: Cu ny cng tng i quen thuc vi chng ta, khng kh.
Cu 3: p n C

Ta c: nHCO3 0,05 2 nCa2 nMg 2

0,06

nc trong cc thuc loi nc cng ton phn.


Li bnh: Cu hi ny rt hay gp phn nc cng Lp 12. Hc sinh thng ch da vo s c
mt ca cc ion trong nc kt lun. Nhng vi nhng bi cho km s mol, hc sinh phi xc nh

mi quan h gia nHCO3 v 2 nCa2 nMg 2 . Cu hi tng t thi cao ng 2011.

Trang 177/305

Cu 4: p n B
- Cc nhn nh ng: a, b, c, e, f.
- Nhn nh d sai v tristearin, triolein c CT ln lt l (C17H35COO)3C3H5, (C17H33COO)3C3H5
Li bnh : Cu hi quen thuc v cht bo Lp 12. Hc sinh ch cn nm vng cc kin thc l
thuyt v cht bo.
Cu 5: p n B
- Th t cc phn ng ca m gam hn hp vi HCl:
CO32- + H+ HCO3(1)
+
HCO3 + H CO2 + H2O
(2)
- Theo bi ta c nCO2 0,012 nH

( 2)

nH

(1)

0,018 nCO3 nK2CO3

- Khi cho Ca(OH)2 d vo 0,05m gam hn hp thu c 0,0017mol CaCO3

nCO3 nHCO3

0, 0017.m
= 0, 034 n NaHCO3 = 0,016 mol.
0, 05m

Vy khi lng hn hp X l: mX = 0,018.138 + 0,016.84 = 3,828 (gam).


Li bnh: Cu ny kh quen thuc ca dng ton H+ tc dng vi CO32- , HCO3- v OH- tc dng vi
HCO3-

Cu 6: p n C
Phn t HCl c to thnh t cc nguyn t phi kim. Lin kt gia cc nguyn t phi kim khc loi
thng l lin kt cng ha tr phn cc.
Cu 7: p n C
- Phn ng gia Al3+ vi OH- c th xem gm 2 phn ng:
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
Al3+ + 4OH- Al(OH)4-

(1)
(2)

- Nhn thy: nOH 0,044mol; nAl OH 0,012mol ; 3nAl OH nOH xy ra c 2 phn ng


3

nOH 3nAl OH 4nAl OH


3

nAl OH

0,002

Bo ton Al nAl3 0,002 0,012 0,014(mol ) 0,1x x 0,14.


- Khi cho 0,024mol OH- vo dung dch cha 0,014mol Al3+ ch xy ra (1), Al3+ d
Khi lng kt ta l: mAl(OH)3 =

0,024
.78 = 0,624(gam).
3

Li bnh: Cu ny thuc phn Al3+ + OH- v cng kh kh, do cc em cn phi cn thn trong
tnh ton.
Cu 8: p n A
Ta c:

Cu 2

Cu
KMnO4 /H

Fe3

Fe
O
3 4
Mn 2
Trang 178/305

S dng phng php bo ton mol electron:


2n Cu n Fe3O4 5.n KMnO4

2m
2, 784

5.0, 09.0, 05. m = 0,336.


64
232

Li bnh: Cu ny cc em cn phi ch : Cu + Fe3+ Cu 2+ + Fe2+ ; rt quen thuc trong cc thi


i hc.
Cu 9: p n C
Nhn thy:
- TN1: khi thm V lt CO2 (x mol) vo 0,42 mol Ca(OH)2 to a gam CaCO3; TN2: nu thm 1,6V lt
CO2 (1,6x mol) vo 0,42 mol Ca(OH)2 to thnh 1,2a gam CaCO3 TN1 d Ca(OH)2; TN2: Ca(OH)2
ht v to ra hn hp 2 mui.
- TN1: Ca(OH)2 d nCaCO3 nCO2 x

a
1 .
100

- TN2: Ca(OH)2 v CO2 u ht:


nCaCO3

1, 2a
1, 6 x 1, 2 x
1, 2 x nCa HCO3
0, 2 x (bo ton C)
2
100
2

0, 42 1, 2 x 0, 2 x (bo ton Ca) x = 0,3 V = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 lit.

Li bnh: Cu ny cn phi suy lun trng hp no ch to mt kt ta, trng hp no to hai


mui. V vy y l cu hi kh nhng cng rt hay gp trong cc k thi tuyn sinh.
Cu 10: p n C
y l cu hi d v tnh cht vt l v ng dng ca crom.
Crom l kim loi nng, khi lng ring 7,2 gam/cm3 C sai.
Cu 11: p n B
Ta c, khi lng mol phn t ca hn hp A l M = 29.3,0345 = 88 (g/mol) X, Y tc dng c
vi NaOH nn l axit cacboxylic n chc hoc este n chc, c CTPT C4H8O2
S mol X, Y l n A =

8,8
= 0,1mol = nmui.
88

RCOOR , NaOH RCOONa R ,OH


0,1

0,1

M RCOONa = 10,3/0,1= 103 (g/mol) R = 36. V hn hp gm 2 mui ca 2 axit l ng ng k tip

hai mui l C2H5COONa v C3H7COONa.


Li bnh: Cu hi quen thuc v phn ng x phng ha ca este.
Cu 12: p n B
Cu hi d phn tng hp hu c.
Cc cht lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 nhit thng l etilen, stiren, vinylaxetilen, propilen,
butaien.
Cu 13: p n A
t 2 -t1
Chng ta s dng cng thc: V2 = V1 .a 10 (vi a l h s nhit ca phn ng)

Ta nhn thy, t 20oC ln 40oC tc tng 9 ln. Thay vo cng thc trn tnh c a = 3.
Trang 179/305

45-20
Xt t 20 C ln 45 C. V2 = V1 .3 10 = 15,59.V1
o

Thi gian cho phn ng 45oC l: t =

27
= 1,732 pht = 103,92 giy.
15,59

Li bnh: Cu ny l dng bi khng quen thuc ca phn tc phn ng v phi ch s thay i


ca vn tc theo nhit ; do m cu ny kh kh i vi cc em cha gp bao gi.
Cu 14: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt d v iu ch kim loi.
Cu 15: p n D
Ancol bc 1 khng th iu ch trc tip ra axeton Loi A, B, C
CH3-CH(OH)-CH3 + Cu(OH)2 CH3-CO-CH3 + Cu + 2H2O
O2
H2SO4 20%
tiu phn trung gian
axeton + C6H5OH
C6H5CH(CH3)

CH2=CBr-CH3 CH2=C(OH)-CH3 (khng bn chuyn thnh axeton)


Li bnh: Cu ny c bn, cc em c th cn c vo p n chn
Cu 16: p n C
Nhn xt: Cu ny khng kh, hc sinh ch cn nm chc kin thc l lm c. Hc sinh d mc la
phng n 1 v

cation. t cation = anion. t anion

Pht biu ng l (1), (3), (4), (5):


(1) Trong dung dch, tng nng cc ion dng bng nng cc ion m.
sai v tng s mol in tch m phi bng tn s mol in tch dng.
(2) Cc cht NaCl, HBr v NaOH u l cc cht in ly mnh: ng.
(3) Trong 3 dung dch cng pH l HCOOH, HCl v H2SO4, dung dch c nng ln nht l HCOOH:
cc dung dch c cng pH th axit yu nht, phn li ra t H+ nht s c nng ln nht: ng.
(4) Phn ng axit-baz xy ra theo chiu to ra cht c tnh axit v baz yu hn: ng theo quy lut
phn ng.
(5) Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch khng km theo s thay i s oxi ha: ng, ion chuyn
vo hp cht khc ch khng thay i s oxi ha.
Cu 17: p n C
- V dung dch thu c sau phn ng cha 2 mui 2 mui l Mg(NO3)2 v Cu(NO3)2 AgNO3
phn ng ht.

Mg + 2Ag + Mg 2+ + 2Ag
0,05 0,1

(1)

mAg 0,1.108 10,8 gam mCu + Mg d = 19,44 10,8 = 8,64 gam.

- Khi nhng inh st vo thy khi lng inh st tng phi c phn ng ca Fe vi Cu2+:
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
(2)
S dng tng gim khi lng ta c: 8nCu ( 2) 9,36 8, 4 0,96 nCu ( 2) 0,12mol
c 0,13mol Cu2+ tham gia vo phn ng vi Mg.

Trang 180/305

Mg Cu 2 Mg 2 Cu
0,13 0,13
mMg d = 8,64 0,13,64 = 0,32 gam.
Vy khi lng ca Mg l mMg = 0,05.24 + 0,32 + 0,13.24 = 4,64gam.
Li bnh: Dng bi tp ny kh hay, d on c dung dch X cha mui no l mu cht v phi
nm chc th t cc phn ng.
Cu 18: p n A
Nhn xt: Cu ny i hi cc em phi nm chc l thuyt
Thic l kim loi kh b oxi ha nhit thng, mng oxit thic mng v mn c tc dng bo v
thiu. Nu b sy st su ti lp st bn trong s xy ra n mn in ha, st b n mn.
Cu 19: p n A
Trong nc ong v kin c HCOOH l cht gy nga v au nhc. Khi bi vi xy ra phn ng:
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCOOH (HCOO)2Ca + 2H2O
gim nga.
Li bnh: y l mt cu hi thc t, rt l trong thi. Trng hp ny chng ta gp cuc sng
i thng rt nhiu.
Cu 20: p n A
C MX = 2,552.29 = 74 g/mol . Cng thc phn t ca X v Y l C3H6O2.
CTCT ca hai este l: HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3.

n hhX =

11,1
=0,15(mol) .
74

CH3COOCH3 NaOH CH3COONa CH3OH


a

HCOOC2 H5 NaOH HCOONa C2 H5OH


b

Ta c h phng trnh:

a b 0,15
a 0,1

82a 68b 11, 6


b 0, 05
Thnh phn khi lng hn hp:

% CH3COOCH3

0,1.74
.100% 66, 67%
11,1

% HCOOC2 H5 33,33%
Li bnh: Cu ny rt quen thuc ca phn este. Ch cn ch mt cht l hc sinh lm c.
Cu 21: p n D
Nhn xt: cu ny cc em cn nm chc l thuyt ca phn polime.
A. PVA bn trong mi trng kim khi un nng: sai v PVA l polieste c phn ng thu phn
trong mi trng kim.
-(CH2-CH(OCOCH3)-)n + nNaOH -(CH2-CH(OH) -)n + nCH3COONa
Trang 181/305

B. T olon c sn xut t polime trng ngng: sai v t olon c tng hp khi trng hp
vinylxianua.
C. T nilon-6 c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng ngng hexametylen iamin vi axit aipic: sai
v nilon-6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng ngng hexametylen iamin vi axit aipic
D. ng trng hp buta-1,3-ien vi acrylonitrin c cao su buna-N: ng.
Cu 22: p n D
Cc cht l:
CH3COOCH2CH2Cl + 2NaOH CH3COONa + NaCl + HOCH2CH
ClH3 N-CH2COOH + 2NaOH NaCl + H2 NCH2COONa + H2O
C6 H5Cl + 2NaOH C6H5ONa + NaCl + H2O
HCOOC6 H5 + 2NaOH HCOONa + C6 H5ONa + H2O
CH3CCl3 + 4NaOH CH3COONa + 3NaCl + 2H2O
CH3COOCCl2CH3 + 4NaOH 2CH3COONa + 2NaCl + 2H2O

Li bnh: Cu l thuyt n gin, hc sinh cn nm chc tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht.


Cu 23: p n D
- Propin C3H4; axit propinoic C3H2O2; propinol C3H3OH.
- Phn ng t chy: nCO2 1,35 nC3 0, 45 nH2 0,75 0, 45 0,3.
- un nng hn hp vi Ni:

M Y nY

1, 25 nY 0, 6 nH 2 phn ng = 0,75 - 0,6 = 0,15mol.


M X nX

- X cn phn ng vi H2 v Br2 t n no nH2 nBr2 2nC3 nBr2 0, 45.2 0,15 0,75


phn ng ht vi 0,6mol Y cn 0,75mol Br2 cn 0,125mol Br2 phn ng ht vi 0,1mol Y.

0,125
1, 25.
0,1

Li bnh: Cu hi tng hp hu c. Hc sinh phi tm ra im chung ca mt s cht trong hn hp.


Cu 24: p n B
Cc phn ng a, b, c, e, g, h l cc phn ng oxy ha kh v c s thay i s oxi ha ca C
Li bnh: Phn ng c n cht hoc to ra n cht u l phn ng oxi ha kh. V i a phn
phn ng ph lin kt pi u l phn ng oxi ha kh. Suy ra p n cu ny kh d dng khi bit iu
trn nhng kh kh khn khi vit tt c phn ng v xc nh s oxi ha.
Cu 25: p n C
- H2S c phn ng vi 8 cht tr ZnCl2.
- C 1 phn ng to ra S+6 l phn ng vi nc Clo.
Li bnh: Cu ny cc em ch cn d on phn ng l c. Cu ny khng kh nhng phi nm
chc kin thc.
Cu 26: p n D
V n CO2 = n H2O Y l ankan v n Y = n axetilen .
Trang 182/305

- Kh thot ra khi bnh ng Br2 l ankan.


t chy Y c: n CO2 = 0,03mol ; n H2O = 0,04 mol.
n Y = n C2H2 = 0,01mol Y l C3H8.

Khi lng bnh Br2 tng 0,82 gam: 0,01.26 + 28.x = 0,82 x = 0,02.
Phn trm th tch ca Y trong X l: %C3H8 =

0,01
.100% = 25%
0,04

Li bnh: Cu ny kh hn, cc em phi vn dng mi tnh ton c.


Cu 27: p n C
Ta c s mol cc cht l:

n Cu = 0,15mol ; n H2SO4 = 0,49 mol ; n H2 = 0,25 mol ; s mol H2SO4 d l 0,24 mol.
Gi s mol ca Fe v Al ln lt l x,y:
C: 56x + 27y = 8,3 (1)

Feo 2e Fe2
x

2x

2H 1 2e H 20
0,5

0, 25

Alo 3e Al3
y

3y

p dng nh lut bo ton e: 2x + 3y = 0,5 (2)


T (1) v (2): x = y = 0,1
n NaNO3 = 0,12 mol , n H+ = 0,48mol , n Fe2+ = 0,1 mol ; n Cu = 0,15 mol

Cu, H+ , NO3- ht, d 0,04 mol Fe2+ .


C: n NO = n NaNO3 = 0,12 mol VNO = 2,688lt.
Khi lng mui trong dung dch l:
mmui = (0,12.23 + 5,6 + 2,7 + 9,6) + 0,49.96 = 67,7 gam.
Li bnh: Cu ny kh quen thuc trong dng cu hi bi ton ba thnh phn, nhng l cu kh,
tng t khi A 2011. Cn ch khi lng mui c Na+.
Cu 28: p n C
Nguyn t X c electron cui in lp M s electron ti a l 2n2 =18e.
Gi thit cho trng thi c bn c 3 electron c thn 1s22s22p63s23p3
X chu k 3, nhm VA.
Li bnh: Cu ny thuc phn sch gio khoa nng cao v cng l phn c bn ca ban nng cao.
Cu 29: p n B
p sut khng lm chuyn dch cn bng m tng h s kh 2 v ca phn ng bng nhau cc
phn ng khng b chuyn dch gm 1, 4 v 5.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny kh quen thuc trong phn cn bng ha hc.
Cu 30: p n C
Trang 183/305

Li bnh: Cu ny rt c bn, thuc phn kin thc amin. Hc sinh ch cn bit vit ng phn v
nm c phn ng ca amin vi HNO2 l lm c.
- Amin tc dng vi HNO2 gii phng kh N2 amin bc I.
- Cc cu to tha mn:
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2NH2
CH3 CH2 CH(NH2) CH3
(CH3)2CH CH2NH2
(CH3)3CNH2
Cu 31: p n A
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
CrCl2 2NaOH Cr OH 2 2NaCl
0,03

0,06

0,03

2Cr OH 2 H 2O

1
O2 2Cr OH 3
2

Cr OH 3 NaOH NaCrO 2 2H 2O
0,02

0,02

S mol Cr(OH)3 d l 0,01 mol khi lng kt ta thu c l: mCr(OH)3 = 0,01.103 = 1,03(gam).
Li bnh: Cu ny d mc la l Cr(OH)2 tan trong NaOH l sai m Cr(OH)3 mi phn ng c vi
NaOH, ng thi s khng phn ng 2Cr OH 2 + H 2O +

1
O2 2Cr OH 3
2

Cu ny khng kh nhng hay.


Cu 32: p n C
Pht biu ng l (1), (3), (4).
(1) ng c th tan trong dung dch HCl c mt oxi:
2Cu + 4HCl + O2 2CuCl2 + 2H2O
(2) Mui Na2CO3 d b nhit phn hu.
Sai v mui cabonat d phn hy nhit tr Na2CO3 v K2CO3.
(3) Hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 c s mol bng nhau s tan ht c trong dung dch HCl d:
Cu + Fe2O3 + 6HCl CuCl2 + 2FeCl2 + 3H2O
(4) Kim loi Na, K, Ba u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
(5) Khi pin in ha Zn Cu phng in, th tng v gim khi lng ca 2 in cc lun bng
nhau.
Sai v khi pin in ha Zn Cu phng in l Zn cc nguyn t km li electron trn b mt
in cc v tan vo dung dch di dng ion Zn2+
Zn Zn2+ + 2e
L Zn thnh ngun electron ng vai tr cc m. Cc electron theo dy dn n cc Cu. y xy ra
s kh Cu2+ trong dung dch thnh Cu bm trn b mt l Cu. Khi lng nguyn t Zn v Cu khc
nhau nn tng v gim khi lng hai in cc khng bng nhau
Cu 33: p n C
- NaAlO2 c phn ng vi: FeCl3, CH3COOH, C6H5NH3Cl.
- C6H5NH3Cl c phn ng vi: C2H5NH2, C6H5ONa, CH3COOH, NaAlO2.
Trang 184/305

- C2H5NH2 c phn ng vi: C6H5NH3Cl, FeCl3, CH3COOH.


- FeCl3 c phn ng vi: NaAlO2, C2H5NH2.
- C6H5ONa c phn ng vi CH3COOH.
- CH3COOH c phn ng vi: NaAlO2, C6H5NH3Cl, C2H5NH2, C6H5ONa.
Li bnh: Cu ny cn nm chc hp cht v phi trn cc cp theo th t tng dn s khng b
trng, cu ny kh kh.
Cu 34: p n B
Catot bt u c kh khi Fe3+ v Cu2+ ht: n e = 0,1 + 2.0,2 = 0,5.
Anot: n Cl2 = 0,25mol VCl2 = 5,6 lt.
Li bnh: Cu ny rt hay, tng t khi B 2013, cu ny hc sinh cn nm chc th t in
phn l c.
Cu 35: p n D
Cu ny thuc SGK lp 11- phn phn bn ha hc.
Cu 36: p n A
C kt ta keo trng v kh sinh ra:

2 AlCl3 3Na2CO3 3H 2O 2 Al OH 3 3CO2 6 NaCl


Cu 37: p n B
n Mg = 0,02 mol ; n Fe = 0,03mol , n AgNO3 = 0,14 mol.

C: 2.0,02 + 2.0,03 = 0,1 < 0,14 tip tc to Fe3+ .


C n Ag = n Fe2+ = 0,03mol.
Cht rn thu c l Ag:

n Ag 0,1 0,03 0,13mol mAg 0,13.108 14,04(gam).


Li bnh: Cu ny rt n gin nhng hc sinh d b mc la v qun phn ng
Ag + + Fe2+ Fe3+ + Ag

Cu 38: p n A
Phng trnh phn ng:
3Fe 8HNO3 3Fe NO3 2 2NO 4H 2O
0,03

0,08

Th tch HNO3 cn dng l VHNO3 = 80 ml.


Li bnh: Cu ny th tch HNO3 ti thiu to ra Fe2+, cu ny rt c bn.
Cu 39: p n D
S nguyn t H cng hp vo lin kt i l: 78 56 = 22. S lin kt i = 11.

Trang 185/305

Li bnh: Cu ny cc em cn ch 1hidro mt i = 1 lin kt pi. Dng cu hi c bn.

Cu 40: p n B
Nhn xt: Cu ny tng t khi B -2011
Oxi, nc brom, dung dch thuc tm th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi SO2.
Cu 41: p n D
A. Nhm kim loi khng tc dng vi nc do th in cc chun ca nhm ln hn th in cc
chun ca nc.
Th in cc ca hidro pH = 7 ( EoH2O/H2 = -0,41V ) cao hn th in cc chun ca nhm nn
nhm kh c nc gii phng H2
B. Trong phn ng ca nhm vi dung dch NaOH th NaOH l cht oxi ha.
Trong phn ng ca nhm vi dung dch NaOH th H2O l cht oxi ha
C. Do c tnh kh mnh nn Al tc dng vi cc axit HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 trong mi iu kin.
Nhm khng tc dng HNO3, H2SO4 c ngui.
D. Cc vt dng bng nhm khng b oxi ha v khng tan trong nc do c lp mng oxit bo v.
Cu 42: p n B
Cu hnh phn lp electron ngoi cng l np2n+1. Ta c n 2 v 2n + 1 6. Vy n = 2.
Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p5 R l F.
1. Tng s ht mang in ca nguyn t R l 18: ng
2. S electron c thn trong nguyn t R l 3: Sai v R ch c 1e c thn
3. Oxit cao nht to ra t R l R2O7: Sai v R ch to c oxit R2O
4. NaR tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 to kt ta: Sai v NaF khng to kt ta vi AgNO3.
5. Hp cht kh vi hiro ca R trong dung dch nc c tnh axit mnh: Sai v HF c tnh axit rt yu.
Cu 43: p n B
- th A ng vi lng kt ta tng dn sau khng i nn phi ng vi phn ng:
3NH3 + 3H2O + AlCl3 Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
- th B v C u ng vi lng kt ta tng dn n cc i sau li gim dn nhng th B
lng kt ta tng nhanh hn theo lng cht nn B ng vi phn ng:
HCl + Na[Al(OH)4] NaCl + Al(OH)3 + H2O
3HCl + Al(OH)3 AlCl3 + 3H2O
Li bnh: Cu hi d nhng c lin quan n th nn hc sinh kh xc nh th. Tng t cu
hi trong thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 44: p n D
- H2SO4 c tnh oxi ha mnh nn phn ng gia H2SO4 vi cht xy ra theo kiu oxi ha kh th
cht tham gia phn ng phi c tnh kh ngha l c cha nguyn t cn c kh nng tng mc oxi
ha.
- Cc cht ph hp l: Cu, FeS2, Al4C3, K2S, S, Cu2O, KBr, Fe3O4, Fe(OH)2.
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn phn phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cu 45: p n B
Trang 186/305

Phn ng (3) khng to kt ta.


Li bnh: L cu kh i vi hc sinh khng nm chc v hp cht, v tng i d i vi cc hc
sinh nm chc cc cht. Loi s pht biu ng c nh gi l cu kh v rng, cu ny cng tng
t cu trong khi A 2011.
Cu 46: p n D
Phn t c 4 lin kt pi CTT CnH2n-6O6, 1 mol X chy cho n mol CO2 v (n 3) mol H2O
b c = 3a.
Li bnh: y l cu d nhng hay v phi xc nh c k ca X da vo cht , sau da vo
mi quan h k-1 n X = n CO2 - n H2O
Cu 47: p n A
Au, Ag khng phn ng vi Fe3+ nn loi p n B, C, D.
Li bnh: Kin thc cu ny rt c bn thuc phn dy in ha - lp 12, c th dng phng php
loi tr
Cu 48: p n D
Cp cht cng tn ti trong mt dung dch nu chng khng tc dng ha hc ln nhau.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cc d phn dung dch.
Cu 49: p n A
C:

n CO2
n hh

2; H 2.

n H2O
n hh

2.

Vy ch c th l OHC CHO v C2H2.


Khi tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 to ra 1 mol Ag v 0,25 mol AgCCAg
Vy khi lng kt ta thu c l

m =mAgCCAg +mAg 0, 25.240 1.180 168 gam.


Li bnh: Cu ny kh hn, s dng phng php trung bnh s ra nhanh kt qu.
Cu 50: p n D
Cng thc ca X l Cn H2n+1O2 N ipeptit: C2n H4n O3 N2 , tripeptit: C3n H6n-1O4 N3

6n-1
C3n H 6n-1O4 N3
H 2O
2
2x
x(6n-1)
3
3

C2n H 4n O3 N 2 2nH 2 O
x
2

nx

nx 0, 045

x 6n 1
0, 085

x 0, 015

n 3

Vy m = 0,015. 89 = 1,335 (gam).


Li bnh: y l cu tng i kh v phn peptit bao gi hc sinh cng thy phc tp nu hc khng
k phn ny, nu hc k phn peptit th cu ny s n gin i nhiu.

Trang 187/305

P N S 8
5C
6D

1B

2D

3A

4D

7C

8B

9C

10B

11A

12C

13D

14C

15B

16A

17C

18C

19B

20A

21B

22B

23A

24D

25C

26B

27C

28C

29A

30A

31A

32C

33B

34D

35C

36B

37C

38A

39C

40D

41A

42B

43D

44B

45C

46A

47A

48B

49A

50B

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n B
- p n A: nha novolac dng sn xut vecni, sn
- p n C: nha rezit dng sn xut in, v my..
- p n D: nha polietilen dng lm mng mng, bnh cha, ti ng
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt kh v ng dng ca cc vt liu polime Lp 12.
Cu 2: p n D
C:
mS =

200.21,92
= 43,84(gam)
100

nS = 1,37 = nSO4 = nO (oxit) nu nung khng c khng kh


mkim loi (X) = 68,48 gam moxit = 68,48 + 1,37.16 = 90,4 nO (chuyn FeO thnh Fe2O3 ) = 0,2mol.
- S : FeSO4 Fe OH 2 FeO

1
Fe 2O3 (bo ton Fe) n FeSO4 = 0,4mol
2

Vy phn trm khi lng FeSO4 l: %mFeSO4 =

0,4.152.100%
= 30,4%
200

Li bnh: Bi tp hay v mui sunfat. Cu hi tng t v hn hp mui nitrat trong thi khi A
2011.
Cu 3: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt v bo v kim loi.
Cu 4: p n D
- p n A sai v toluen v benzen u khng tc dng vi dung dch nc brom.
- p n B sai v C9H14BrCl c bt bo ha = 2 khng th c vng benzen.
- p n C sai v phenol tham gia phn ng th brom d hn benzen.
Cu 5: p n C
dung dch cha hai cht tan th lng Cu ti a s va phn ng ht vi Fe3+, H+ v NO3-.

3Cu + 8H + + 2NO3- 3Cu 2+ + 4H 2O + 2NO


1,35

0,9

0,9

nNO 0,9 nFe3 0,3.


3

Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu 2+ + 2Fe2+
0,15 0,3
Trang 188/305

n Cu = 1,5mol mCu = 96 (gam) .


Vy khi lng Cu l 96 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v bi ton ba thnh phn. Tuy nhin tm ra c p n hc sinh
phi bit bin lun theo d kin dung dch thu c ch cha 2 cht tan.
Cu 6: p n D
Ch c Al phn ng vi dung dch NaOH long d; c Al v Cr u c phn ng vi H 2SO4 c nng.
Da vo bo ton electron c: V2 = 2V1.
Li bnh: Bi tp n gin v phn ng ca cc kim loi.
Cu 7: p n C
Nhn xt: y l cu hi ng dng thc t, rt quen thuc vi cuc sng hng ngy ca chng ta.
Cu 8: p n B
Phn ng:
Ba(NO3)2 + K2Cr2O7 + H2O 2KNO3 + BaCrO4 + H2CrO4
Li bnh: y l 1 cu hi kh v s chuyn dch cn bng ca Cr2O72- v CrO42-.
Cu 9: p n C
Nhn xt: Cu hi l thuyt c bn vn dng dy in ha ca kim loi .
Cu 10: p n B
- S lin kt l 3 (ng vi 2 lin kt i C = C v 1 lin kt i C = O).
- S lin kt

18.4 32.1 2.2


3 51.
2

Li bnh: Cu hi cc d v xc nh s lin kt.


Cu 11: p n A
Cc cht c phn ng vi dung dch HCl long gii phng kh gm: FeS, Fe(NO3)2, CaCO3, Fe, CaC2.
Cu 12: p n C
2,4 - imetylpentan: CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH3 ch c 2 v tr th H: CH3 v CH.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng th halogen vo ankan.
Cu 13: p n D
- p n D ng v natri axetat, imetylamin, lysin u c tnh baz nn lm i mu phenolphtalein
- p n A sai v: phenol, anilin khng lm i mu phenolphtalein
- p n B sai v: glyxin c mi trng gn trung tnh nn khng lm i mu phenolphtalein
- p n C sai v: Anilin khng lm i mu phenolphtalein.
Cu 14: p n C
C:

mX = mC + mH + mO = 12n C + n H + 16n O = 7,6 1 .

n O = n C 2 (v cc cht trong hn hp X u c s nguyn t C bng s nguyn t O).


- mCO2 + mH2O = mX + mO2 44n C + 9n H = 16,4 3 .
Trang 189/305

Gii h (1), (2) v (3) n C = n O = 0,25(mol); n H = 0,6(mol).

n glixerol = n H2O - n CO2 = 0,05(mol) mglixerol = 0,05.92 = 4,6 (gam)


Li bnh: Bi ton tng hp hu c. Hc sinh phi tm ra c im chung gia cc cht trong hn
hp v hn hp c 3 cht nhng bi ch cho 2 s liu.
Cu 15: p n B
Cc pht biu ng l: c, d, e.
- (a) sai v iu kin thng, P hot ng ha hc mnh hn N2.
- (b) sai v trong phn ng vi O2, N2 th hin tnh kh.
Cu 16: p n A
Cch 1.
- Phn ng t chy tng qut:
CnH2n+2O + 1,5nO2 nCO2 + (n + 1)H2O.
- Ta c: n O2 =

n CO2 =

1,5V
(mol)
22,4

2
V
V
.n O2 =
(mol) n X = n H2O n CO2 = a 3
22,4
22,4

m X = mC + m H + mO =

12V
V
V

+ 2a + 16 a = 18a
22,4
5,6
22,4

Cch 2.
- Chn ancol l C2H5OH; m = 46 gam (1mol).
- Phn ng t chy:
C2 H 5OH 3O2 2CO2 3H 2O
1
3
3
a = 2; 1,5V = 3.22,4 V = 33,6 lit.
Th p n thy A tha mn.
Li bnh: Bi tp hay gp. C 2 cch gii: gii tng qut hoc chn cht c th t tm biu thc
thch hp.
Cu 17: p n C
Cc pht biu ng l: b, c, d, e, f.
Cu (a) sai v hidro ha hon ton glucoz to ra sobitol.
Cu 18: p n C
Ta c: 2Z + N - 2 = 80 v N - Z = 4 Z = 26; N = 30.
Li bnh: Bi tp cc d v thnh phn ca nguyn t.
Cu 19: p n B
Gi s c 100 gam phn bn cha 40 gam P2O5 mCa H PO =
2
4
2

234.40
= 65,92 (gam)
142

Vy phn trm Ca(H2PO4)2 l: a = 65,92% .


Cu 20: p n A

Trang 190/305

C: n H2SO4 = 84.

17,5%
= 0,15 = n MSO4
98

n H2 = 0,05 mY = 6,1 + 84 - 0,05.2 = 90 (gam).


(M + 96).0,15
.100% = 20% M = 24 M l Mg.
90
Cu 21: p n B
Gi cng thc ca hai axit l RCOOH

- Ta c:

RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O


C 1 mol X phn ng vi NaOH th khi lng tng 22 gam

Vy a mol X
(6,85 5,2) gam

nX =

6,85 - 5,2

= 0,075(mol) n O (X) = 0,15mol.


22
- Bo ton O trong phn ng t chy:
2n CO2 + n H2O = 0,15 +

7,2
= 0,6.
16

Mt khc: 44n CO2 + 18n H2O = 5,2 + 7,2 = 12,4

n CO2 = n H2O = 0,2(mol)


2 axit u thuc loi no loi A v C.
- S C =

0,2 8
=
0,075 3

Li bnh: Cu ny l 1 bi ton hay v axit cacboxylic.


Cu 22: p n B
Cc cht l triolein, toluen, isopren
Li bnh: Cu hi d v phn ng ca cc cht v c.
Cu 23: p n A
C:

n CO2 = n H2O = 0,45(mol) cc este u thuc loi no, n chc, mch h.

- Bo ton O n O/X + n O/O2 = n O/CO2 + n O/H2O

n O/X = n O/CO2 + n O/H2O - n O/O2 = 0,45.2 + 0,45 - 2.

11,76
= 0,3(mol)
22,4

1
1
n X = n O/X = 0,3 = 0,15(mol)
2
2

C=

0,45
= 3 X gm HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3.
0,15

HCOOC2 H5 + NaOH HCOONa + C2 H5OH


a

CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3OH


0,15-a

0,15-a

nNaOH phn ng = a + 0,15 - a (mol) S mol NaOH cn d l: 0,2 0,15 = 0,05(mol)


Trang 191/305

- Cht rn gm HCOONa (a mol); CH3COONa (0,15 - a mol) v NaOH d (0,05 mol).


C: 68.a + (0,15 - a).82 + 0,05.40 = 13,6 a = 0,05
Y gm CH3OH (0,1 mol); C2H5OH (0,05 mol).
CH3OH +

3
O2 CO2 + 2H 2O
2

C2 H5OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O


C:

O2

3
.0,1 + 0,05.3 = 0,3(mol)
2

Vy th tch kh O2 cn dng l: V = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 lt .


Li bnh: y l 1 bi ton rt phc tp v este.Hc sinh cn phi c k bi, xc nh hng lm
tht cn thn.
Cu 24: p n D
y l phn ng ta nhit, tng nhit th cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch (chiu thu nhit).
Gim p sut th h cn bng chuyn dch v pha tng s phn t kh (chiu nghch).
Li bnh: Cu hi quen thuc v chuyn dch cn bng ha hc.
Cu 25: p n C
(a) Nung qung photphorit vi ct v than cc trong l in

Ca 3 PO4 2 + 3SiO2 + 5C 3CaSiO3 + 2P + 5CO


(b) Cho hi nc i qua than nng

C + H2O CO + CO2 + H2
(c) Cho kh CO d tc dng vi bt Fe2O3 un nng

3CO + Fe2O3 2Fe + 3CO2


(d) un nng dung dch gm NaNO2 v NH4Cl

NaNO2 + NH4Cl NaCl + N2 + 2H2O


Cu 26: p n B

Ti A v B lng kt ta thu c nh nhau m = 4,68 gam


Ti A: n OH 0,18.1 0,18 (mol)
b.1
b

(mol )
1000 1000
Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3

Ti B: n OH

0,1 0,3 0,1


Al (OH )3 OH Al (OH ) 4
0, 04 0, 04
Trang 192/305

nOH 0,34mol V 340ml 0,34l


Li bnh: y l dng bi tp c bn thng ra trong cc thi i hc, tng t dng bi trong
thi i hc 2014_khi A.Hc sinh cn lu khi lng kt ta thu c nh nhau ti hai im A v B.
Cu 27: p n C
Nhn xt: Cu hi thc nghim ha hc.
Dng bng c tm nc vi s hp th c NO2 theo phng trnh:
4NO2 + 2Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 + Ca(NO2)2 + 2H2O
Cu 28: p n C
- Gi s mol Fe3O4 v FeS2 ln lt l a, b (a, b> 0).
- Bo ton electron: a + 15b = 0,07 1

n NaOH = 3n Fe3+ + n H+ du = 3a + b .3 + n H+ du = 0,4 2


- Cht rn l Fe2O3. Bo ton Fe:

3a + b
= 0,061 3
2

Gii h (1), (2) v (3): a = 0,04; b = 0,002 ; n H+ du = 0,034(mol)


- Da vo iu kin trung ha in:

n NO 3

(trong dung dch sau phn ng)

= 0,392 (mol).

- Bo ton N: n HNO3 = 0,462(mol)


Vy nng phn trm ca dung dch HNO3 ban u l: C% =

0,462.63
.100% = 46,2%
63

Li bnh: Bi tp kh phn phn ng ca HNO3 vi cht kh.


Cu 29: p n A
C n H2O > n CO2 , m axit no n chc mch h chy hon ton cho s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O
ancol no, mch h nancol = 0,1mol.
- Gi s ancol l CnH2n+2O (0,1mol) v axit l CmH2mO2 (amol) ta c: 0,1n + am = 0,3 1 ;

0,1 n +1 + am = 0,4 2 v

14n + 18 .0,1 + 14m + 32 a = 7,6 3


n = 1; m = 4; a = 0,05.

- Phn ng este ha:

CH3OH + C3H7 COOH C3H7COOCH3 + H2O


Vy khi lng este thu c l: meste = 0,05.0,8.102 = 4,08 (gam).
Cu 30: p n A
Cu hi rt n gin v ng phn ancol.
Ch c 1 ng phn ancol bc II l CH3 CH(OH) CH2 CH3.
Cu 31: p n A
Nhn xt: y l bi tp hay v phn ng thy phn peptit.
Gi s s lin kt peptit l a: X + aH2O + (a + 1)HCl Mui
Trang 193/305

0,1.18a + 36,5 a + 1 = 52,7 a = 9

Cu 32: p n C
Gi CTPT ca A l CnH2n+2O2, B l CmH2m+2O

n OH = 2n H2 = 0,7 n A = 0,3; n B = 0,1

Cn H2n+2O2 + 2CuO Cn H2n-2O2 + 2H2O + 2Cu


Cm H2m+2O + CuO CmH2mO + H2O + Cu
mX + 80 2.0,3 + 0,1 = 35,8 + 64 2.0,3 + 0,1 mX = 24,6 (gam).
- Gi s s mol CO2 v H2O to thnh ln lt l a v b
24,6 gam X c nC = a; nH = 2b; nO = 0,7 12a + 2b = 24,6 - 0,7.16 = 13,4 1 v b - a = 0,4 2
a = 0,9 ; b = 1,3
- Bo ton O n O2 = 1,2(mol) .
Cu 33: p n B
Nhn xt: Cu hi cc d v iu ch polime.
Cu 34: p n D
y l 1 cu hi cc d v phn ng ca cc cht hu c.
D sai v sn phm l C2H2 ch khng phi C2H4.
Cu 35: p n C
- Ta c: mCO2 + mH2O =18,6gam n CO2 = n H2O n CO2 = 0,3

mdung dch gim = mBaCO3 - mCO2 +mH2O

mBaCO3 = 29,55gam n BaCO3 = 0,15 < n CO2


to ra Ba(HCO3)2

n Ba(HCO3 )2 =

0,3-0,15
= 0,075mol
2

n Ba OH = 0,15 + 0,075 = 0,225


2

Vy gi tr ca V l: V =

0,225
= 0,15lit .
1,5

Li bnh: Bi tp tng hp hay v phn ng t chy cc cht hu c. gii c i hi hc sinh


phi thy tt c cc cht hu c khi t chy u cho nCO2 nH2O .

Cu 36: p n B
- Gi s mol Al4C3 v CaC2 ln lt l x v y dung dch X cha y mol Ca(AlO2)2; kt ta Y gm
a
(1); Z gm 3x mol CH4 v y mol C2H2.
78
- Phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch X:

(4x - 2y) mol Al(OH)3 4x - 2y =

2CO2 + Ca AlO2 2 + 4H 2O Ca HCO3 2 + 2Al OH 3

3x+2y

2y

Trang 194/305

a
(2).
78
- Gii h (1) v (2) x = y.

2y =

Cu 37: p n C
- Phn I: nAl d = 0,04; n Fe = 0,24
- Phn II: n H2 = 0,04.1,5 + 0,24 .a = 0,9(mol)
a = 3 (a l t l nII : nI).
Hn hp X ban u c 0,48 mol Fe2O3; 1,12 mol Al
m = 107,04 (gam).
Li bnh: Cu ny kh quen thuc v c bn v phn ng nhit nhm.
Cu 38: p n A
Hp cht cha lin kt ion nu hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t tham gia lin kt 1,7.
Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d v phn lin kt ha hc. (chng trnh lp 10)
Cu 39: p n C
Da theo bo ton in tch v bo ton khi lng
x = 0,06; y = 0,03.
Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v dung dch: hc sinh p dng 2 cng c: nh lut bo ton in tch v
bo ton khi lng gii bi tp.
Cu 40: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn halogen v hp cht.
- Cc pht biu ng: (1), (2), (3), (5).
- (4) sai v trong hp cht, F ch c s oxi ha -1.
Cu 41: p n A

C6 H5COOCH3 + 2NaOH CH3COONa + C6 H5ONa + H2O


C6 H5ONa + HCl C6 H5OH Phenol + NaCl

C6 H5OH + 3HNO3 HOC6 H2 NO2 3 + 3H2O


Li bnh: y l 1 cu hi l thuyt cc d v mi quan h chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c.
Cu 42: p n B
- Dung dch X cha H+, Fe3+ v Fe2+, SO42-.
- Cc cht c phn ng vi dung dch X gm: NaOH, Cu, Fe(NO3)2, KMnO4, BaCl2, Al.
Cu 43: p n D
- Cc phn ng:

4Fe NO3 2 2Fe2O3 + 8NO2 + O2


a

a/2

2a

a/4

2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2
b

b/2
Trang 195/305

4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O 4HNO3


a b
V cc kh phn ng va vi nhau nn c 2a = 4. + a = 2b (1).
4 2

mhh 180a 85b 66,75 2 . Gii h (1) v (2) a = 0,3; b = 0,15.


- Cht rn sau phn ng gm a mol Fe2O3 (0,15mol) v b mol NaNO2 (0,15mol).
2
Vy thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca cc cht trong hn hp cht rn Y sau phn ng l:

%mNaNO2

0,15.69
0,15.160
30,13% ; %mFe2O3
69,87%
0,15.160 0,15.69
0,15.160 0,15.69

Li bnh: y l 1 bi ton c bn v phn ng nhit phn mui nitrat


Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi B 2011.
Mui nitrat ca kim loi trc Magi: To mui nitrit v O2
Mui nitrat ca kim loi t Magi n ng: To oxit, NO2 v O2
Mui nitrat ca kim loi sau ng: To kim loi, NO2 v O2
Cc phng php thng dng khi gii nhit phn mui nitrat;
- p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
- p dng phng php tng gim khi lng
- Gii bi tp bng phng php t n, lp h phng trnh ri gii
- Bin lun.
Cu 44: p n B
i vi cc kim loi kh nng chy (Cr) th dng Al lm cht kh.
- Ag c iu ch bng phng php thy luyn.
- Fe, Mg c iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt cc d.
Cu 45: p n C
Cc cht c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng gm: glixerol; etilen glicol; anbumin; saccaroz,
dm.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v tnh cht ha hc ca cc hp cht hu c.
Cu 46: p n A
- S dng phng php quy i hn hp ban u thnh hn hp gm Mg, Ca v O 2 ta tnh c: nCa =
0,14.
Vy gi tr ca x l: x = 0,14.111 = 15,54 (gam)
Li bnh: Bi ton phi c s dng phng php quy i th mi tnh d dng.
Cu 47: p n A
u cu ri sm nht chng t kim loi c dn nhit tt nht v ngc li.
Li bnh: Cu hi v tnh cht vt l ca kim loi, c s dng hnh v tng t cu hi trong thi i
hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 48: p n B
Trang 196/305

Bi ton c bn v cht bo.


- Bo ton O
1,14+1,06 -1,61
2
ncht bo =
= 0,02mol = n glixerol n NaOH = 0,06
3
- Bo ton khi lng

mcht bo = 1,14.44 + 1,06.18 - 1,61.32 = 17,72gam


mmui = 17,72 + 0,06.40 0,02.92 = 18,28 (gam)
Cu 49: p n A
Phng trnh phn ng:

9Fe NO3 2 + 12KHSO4 5Fe NO3 3 + 2Fe2 SO4 3 + 6K2SO4 + 3NO + 6H2O
Li bnh: y l dng cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh cc d, l cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 50: p n B
- Bo ton nguyn t Cl ta c n CaCl2 =

n AgCl
2

=0,2mol

- Bo ton khi lng c mO2 = 31,8 - mCaCl2 = 9,6gam


Vy th tch kh O2 thu c l: V =

9,6
.22,4 = 6,72 (lit)
32

Li bnh: Bi ton hay v phn ng nhit phn. lm c bi ton ny, hc sinh chi cn p dng
nh lut bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng gii.

Trang 197/305

P N S 9
5C
6A

1B

2C

3A

4C

7A

8B

9D

10A

11A

12B

13A

14A

15C

16D

17A

18A

19B

20C

21B

22A

23B

24A

25B

26B

27C

28B

29A

30D

31C

32B

33A

34D

35D

36C

37C

38B

39A

40B

41C

42D

43A

44D

45D

46B

47B

48D

49A

50C

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n B
Ln lt cho NH3 vo cc dung dch:
- Khng to kt ta l NaCl.
- Xut hin kt ta dng keo trng l AlCl3:
AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4CL
- Xut hin kt ta trng sau kt ta tan l ZnCl2:
ZnCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O Zn(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl
Zn(OH)2 + 4NH4 [Zn(NH3)4](OH)2
Li bnh: Cu hi n gin phn NH3 tc dng vi dung dch mui.
Cu 2: p n C
- Nc cng tm thi (tnh cng do cc mui Ca(HCO3)2 v Mg(HCO3)2 gy ra) khi un nng s to
kt ta do mui hidrocacbonat chuyn thnh mui cacbonat khng tan
t
M(HCO3)2
MCO3 + CO2 + H2O
- Nc cng vnh cu (tnh cng do cc mui CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, MgSO4 gy ra) khi un nng
0

khng to kt ta.
Li bnh: Cu hi cc d phn nc cng.y l 1 cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 3: p n A
C: n Fe = 0,02(mol); n Cu = 0,03 (mol) ; n H+ = 0,4(mol) ; n NO - = 0,08 (mol)
3

Cc phng trnh phn ng:

Fe 4H NO3 Fe3 NO 2H 2O
Ban u:

0,02 0, 4

Phn ng:

0,02 0,08 0,02 0,02

0,08

3Cu 8H 2 NO3 3Cu 2 2 NO 2H 2O

Ban u:

0,03 0,32 0,06

Phn ng:

0,03 0,08 0,02 0,03

D
0,24
Cho NaOH vo:
H+d + OH- H2O
0,24 0,24
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
Trang 198/305

0,02 0,06
Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
0,03 0,06

n NaOH = 0,36(mol) VNaOH = 0,36lit = 360 ml .


Cu 4: p n C
Tetrapeptit c to thnh t 4 gc amino axit trong c 2 gc Gly, 1 gc Ala v 1 gc Val.
- Gc amino axit th nht: 3 hng chn.
- Gc amino axit th 2: 3 hng chn.
- Gc amino axit th 3: 2 hng chn.
- Gc amino axit th 4: 1 hng chn.
S ng phn l: 3.3.2.1 = 18 ng phn.
Li bnh: Cu hi cc d phn ng phn peptit.
Cu 5: p n C
Khi nung hn hp xy ra cc phn ng:
4 Fe 3O2 2 Fe2O3
a 3a / 4
4 FeCO3 O2 2 Fe2O3 4CO2
b

b/4

4 FeS2 11O2 2 Fe2O3 8SO2


c 11c / 4

2c

V p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng khng i


3a / 4 b / 4 11c / 4 b 2c 3a b 11c 4b 8c 3a 3c 3b a c b.

Li bnh: Cu hi v phn ng ca cc hp cht st.


Cu 6: p n A
Khi lng kt ta AgCl v AgBr thu c bng khi lng AgNO3
MCl,Br = M NO3 = 62.
Gi n NaCl = x (mol); n NaBr = 1 - x (mol) th:
35,5 x 80(1 x)
62 x 0, 4
x (1 x)

%mNaCl

0, 4.58,5
.100% 27, 46%
0, 4.58,5 0, 6.103

Cu 7: p n A
Phng trnh phn ng: 2FeO + 4H2SO4c Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
Nhn xt: Cu hi thng gp phn phn ng oxi ha kh - Lp 10.
Cu 8: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt tng hp phn hu c.
Cc pht biu ng l: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7.
Cu 9: p n D
Trang 199/305

Li bnh: Cu hi d phn cn bng ha hc Lp 10.


A. gim p sut v tng nhit .
Sai v H< 0 phn ng ta nhit. Nu tng nhit , phn ng chuyn dch theo chiu thu nhit
(chiu nghch); Nu gim p sut h chuyn dch v pha tng s phn t kh (chiu nghch)
.
B. gim nng N2 v H2.
Sai v Gim nng th cn bng chuyn dch v pha tng nng N2 v H2 (chiu nghch).
C. tng nhit ca h.
Sai.
D. tng p sut chung ca h.
ng v cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu lm gim s phn t kh (chiu thun)
Cu 10: p n A
C: n CO2 = n H2O = 0,08(mol) axit no, n chc, mch h.

n O (X) =

1,76 - 0,08(12 + 2)
= 0,04(mol)
16

C: n C :n H :n O = 0,08:0,16:0,04= 4 : 8 : 2 X l C4H8O2.
Cu 11: p n A
iu kin trng hp l c ni i hoc vng km bn. Cht tham gia trng hp l vinyl clorua (cha
ni i).
Li bnh: Cu hi d phn iu ch polime.
Cu 12: p n B
ng phn amin C3H9N:
CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2
CH3-CH(NH2)-CH3
CH3-NH-CH2-CH3
CH3-N(CH3)-CH3
Cu 13: p n A
Cho NaOH vo ba hp kim:
- Hp kim tan hon ton v c kh thot ra l K-Na.
- Hp kim tan c kh thot ra l Fe-Al.
- Hp kim khng tan l Cu-Mg.
K + H2O KOH + 1/2H2
Na + H2O NaOH + 1/2H2
2Al + 2NaOH + 2 H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
Cu 14: p n A
Li bnh:
A. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my c bn cht khc nhau
B. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my ging nhau hon ton Sai v du m ng thc vt
l este ca glixerol v cc axit bo; du bi trn my l cc hidrocacbon th lng
C. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my ch ging nhau v tnh cht ha hc Sai v bn cht
khc nhau nn tnh cht cng khc nhau
Trang 200/305

D. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my u l lipit Sai


Cu 15: p n C
Cc tnh cht vt l chung ca kim loi l do cc e t do trong kim loi sinh ra.
Cu 16: p n D
Gi th tch trn l V lt sau khi trn l 2V.
C: n H+ = 0,01V (mol), n OH- = 0,03V (mol)
H OH H2O

Sau phn ng d OH- :

0,02V
= 0,01M
2V

n OH- du = 0,02V(mol) [OH- ] =

pOH = 2 pH = 14 - 2 = 12 .
Cu 17: p n C
A. ng.
B. Sai v nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l kh ion kim loi thnh kim loi.
C. Sai v trong n mn in ha, kim loi mnh hn b n mn.
D. Sai v theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca cc kim loi kim th bin i
khng c quy lut.
Cu 18: p n A
C: n Mg = 0, 03(mol) , n AgNO3 = 0,03(mol) , n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,02(mol)

Mg 2Ag Mg 2 2Ag
0,015 0,03

0,03

3Mg 2Fe3 3Mg 2 2 Fe


0,015 0,01

0,01

Fe 2Fe3 3Fe2
0, 005 0, 01
Cht rn l Ag (0,03 mol), Fe (0,005 mol)

m =108.0,03 + 56.0,005 = 3,52(gam) .


Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng thy luyn gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
Cu 19: p n B
Nguyn nhn gy au d dy thng do tha axit. Khi ung NaHCO3 vo c phn ng:
H+ + NaHCO3 Na+ + CO2 + H2O
Lm gim lng axit trong d dy.
Li bnh: y l 1 cu hi thc t. au d dy l vn ph bin hin nay, cu hi ny cho chng
ta bit c thnh phn ca thuc tr bnh d dy v phn ng ca thuc khi ung vo th no.
Cu 20: p n C
- u tm chuyn mu xanh th l CH3NH2.
- u tm khng mu th l C6H5NH2.
- u tm chuyn mu th l CH3NH3Cl.
Trang 201/305

Li bnh: Cu hi c bn phn tnh axit, baz ca cc dung dch.


Cu 21: p n B
S mol kt ta cc i t c khi NaOH tc dng va vi Al3+
Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3
Mt khc d dng tm c nng Al2(SO4)3 CM 0, 25M
nAl3 0, 2.0, 25.2 0,1mol n 0,1mol
Nhn xt: S mol kt ta cc i t c khi NaOH tc dng va vi Al3+. Nu NaOH d th kt
ta tan lng kt ta khng t cc i
Cu 22: p n A
C: n Cu = n CuSO4 = 0,3(mol)
Kim loi gm Cu v Fe d: mFedu = 30,4 - 64.0,3 = 11,2(gam) n Fedu =

11,2
= 0,2(mol)
56

ng thi khi lng phn ng: mp = 29,8 - 11,2 = 18,6(gam)


Gi n Zn = x (mol); n Fe = y (mol) ta c h:

x y 0,3
x 0, 2

65 x 56 y 18, 6
y 0,1
Vy phn trm v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
56.0,3
%mFe
.100% 56,37%
29,8
.
Cu 23: p n B
Thy luyn thng c dng iu ch kim loi sau Mg nhng khng c dng iu ch Au.
Li bnh: Cu hi d phn iu ch kim loi.
Cu 24: p n A
Nhn thy 2 este c chung M=74 n hh este =

66,6
= 0,9 (mol) = n ancol
74

2ROH ROR H2O

1
n H2O = n ancol = 0,45(mol) m = 0,45.18 = 8,1(gam) .
2
Cu 25: p n B
C: n H2 = 0,03(mol)
n hh Ancol = 2.n H2 = 0,06(mol) ; n Ag = 0,18(mol) .

1
CH3OH + Na H 2
2
a
a
2

1
RCH 2 OH + Na H 2
2
b
b
2

CH3OH HCHO 4Ag

RCH 2OH RCHO 2Ag

4a

2b

Ta c h:

a + b = 0,06
a = b = 0,03

4a + 2b = 0,18
mancolY = 2,76 - 0,03.32 = 1,8(gam) MY 60
Trang 202/305

V ancol Y c phn ng trng gng nn l ancol bc 1 Vy CTCT ca Y l CH3CH2CH2OH.


Li bnh: Bi tp c bn phn ancol.
Cu 26: p n B
Cng thc aminoaxxit H2 N-R-COOC2 H5 c M = 103 R = 14 (CH2).
Li bnh: Cu hi rt d phn amino axit.
Cu 27: p n C

pOH = 14 - 13 = 1 OH- = 0,1 = n NaOH = n Na m=2,3 gam.


Li bnh: Cu hi cc d phn pH.
Cu 28: p n B

2025000
=12500.
162
Li bnh: Cu hi rt d phn polime Lp 12 gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
S mt xch =

Cu 29: p n A
mamino axit 11,15 0,1.36,5 7,5

Maminoaxit 75 glyxin H2 NCH2COOH .

Cu 30: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi d v ng phn este.
Cc ng phn ca C4H8O2:
H COO CH2 CH2 CH3
H COO CH(CH3)2
CH3 COO CH2 CH3
CH3 CH2 COO CH3
Cu 31: p n C
Gi s c 100mol HClO4. Trong 100mol HClO4 c cha 100mol H; 100mol O; 24,23mol
75,77 mol 35Cl.
%m37Cl

37

Cl v

37.24, 23.100
8,92%.
37.24, 23 1.100 16.400 75, 77.35

Li bnh: Cu hi kh kh phn ng v.
Cu 32: p n B
H ,t
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O
nC6H12O6
+

enzim
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
C6H12O6

Cu 33: p n A
Nhn xt: y l cu hi thc nghim c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 34: p n D
Khi cho t t CO2 vo dung dch kim, cc phn ng s xy ra ln lt theo th t sau:
CO2 + OH- HCO3 v HCO3 OH- CO32- + H2O

C: n CO2 =

0,448
= 0,02(mol) ; n OH- = 0,006 + 0,024 = 0,03(mol)
22,4
Trang 203/305

n CO 2- = n OH- - n CO2 = 0,03 - 0,02 = 0,01(mol)


3

Do n CO 2- < n Ba 2+ Ba 2+ cha b kt ta ht v n BaCO3 = n CO 2- = 0,01(mol)


3

Vy khi lng kt ta thu c l: mBaCO3 = 0,01.197 = 1,97 (gam) .


Li bnh: Bi tp ph bin v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim c trong thi tuyn sinh
nhiu nm.
Cu 35: p n D
A. mu trng bc.
B. l kim loi nh 2,7g/cm3
C. mm, d ko si v dt mng.
D. dn in v dn nhit tt hn cc kim loi Fe v Cu Sai v dn nhit bng 2/3 ng v dn
nhit ca nhm hn st 3 ln.
Li bnh: Cu hi cc d v tnh cht vt l ca nhm.
Cu 36: p n C
Phng trnh phn ng:
Al2(SO4)3 + 3Na2CO3 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 + 3CO2
Cu 37: p n C
Nhn xt: Cu hi d v tnh axit baz ca cc dung dch.
H2N(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH c cha hai nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH nn c tnh baz.
Cu 38: p n B
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra l:

3Ag Al Al3 3Ag


0,042

0,014

0,042

3Pb2 2Al 2Al3 3Pb


0,024

0,016

0,024

2+

Sau phn ng d Pb (0,012 mol) ,cht rn gm Ag (0,042 mol) v Pb (0,024 mol)


mY 108.0, 042 0, 024.207 9,504( gam)

Li bnh: Cu hi khng kh v phn ng thy luyn Lp 12. Hc sinh ch cn xc nh ng th t


cc phn ng l gii c.
Cu 39: p n A
p dng nh lut Faraday:

m .n.F 1,92.2.96500
A.I.t
I= Cu
=
=3(A) .
n.F
A.t
64.1930
Li bnh: y l mt Bi tp d v in phn.
mCu =

Cu 40: p n B
C: ntinh bt =

324
= 2(mol)
162

Trang 204/305

C6 H10O5 C6 H12O6
2

m =180.2.0,75 = 270(gam) .
Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v phn ng thy phn ca cacbohidrat..
Cu 41: p n C
- V X tan c trong dung dch HCl loi Cu (p n B).
- Cho t t NH3 vo dung dch Y thu c kt ta xanh sau kt ta tan Y cha mui Cu
X l CuO.
+NH3
+NH3 du
+HCl
Vi CuO
CuCl2
Cu(OH)2

[Cu(NH3 )4 ](OH)2 tan, mu xanh thm.

Li bnh: Cu hi d v tnh cht ca cc cht v c.


Cu 42: p n D
- Gi lng CO2 tham gia vo 2 phn ng ln lt l x v y:
CO2 NaOH NaHCO3
x

CO2 2 NaOH Na2CO3 H 2O

2y

mNaHCO3 84 x; mNa2CO3 106 y; nNaOH x 2 y 4.0,5 2 1.


mdung dch = mCO2 + mdung dch NaOH 44 x y 4.1000.1,05 4200 44 x 44 y
Tng nng 2 mui l:

84 x

106 y .100
3, 211 2 .
mdd

Gii h (1) v (2) x 1; y 0,5 nCO2 x y 1,5mol.


- Qu trnh ln men:
C6 H12O6 2CO2
nGlucozo 0,75mol m

0,75.180.100
192,9 gam.
70

Li bnh: Bi tp kh v phn ng ln men glucoz Lp 12 v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch


kim.
Cu 43: p n D
- Nhn thy: nH 0, 4.0,5.2 0,8.0,5 0,8 2nH2 0,6 nH+ d = 0,2.
Khi un nng, H+ d thot ra dng HCl 0,2mol.
- H+ d nn cc kim loi phn ng ht mui thu c cha 10,4 gam hn hp Fe2+ v Mg2+;
0,2mol SO42- v 0,2mol Cl- m = 36,7 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v phn ng ca kim loi vi dung dch axit. Hc sinh ch cn nm c nu
dung dch c d axit th khi un nng cc axit d bay hi s bay hi.
Cu 44: p n D
- Gi n NO = x; n NO2 = y x + y = 0,22 (1).
- Bo ton e ta c: 2nCu nNO2 3nNO 3x y

8,32.2
0, 26 2
64

Gii h (1) v (2) x = 0,02; y = 0,2.


Trang 205/305

- Bo ton N v bo ton e ta c: nHNO3 4nNO 2nNO2 0, 48 C

0, 48
4M .
0,12

Li bnh: Bi tp quen thuc v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3.


Cu 45: p n D
Do t l 1 : 3 n Mg =

1,92
= 0,01(mol) n Fe = 0,03(mol) .
(24+56.3)

- Gi s mol NO v NO2 ln lt l x v y x y 0,0775 1 .


Bo ton e ta c: 3x y 0,01.2 0,03.3 0,11 2 .
- Gii h (1) v (2) x 0,01625 v y 0,06125.
Khi lng mui to thnh l:

mm = mKL + mNO - = 1,92 + 0,11.62 = 8,74(gam).


3

S mol HNO3 phn ng l:


n HNO3 = 4.n NO + 2.n NO2 = 4.0,01625 + 2.0,06125 = 0,1875(mol) .

Cu 46: p n B
Fe tc dng c vi dung dch axit hoc kh c ion kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v dy in ha v phn ng thy luyn.

Cu 47: p n B
Cu hi rt d. Hc sinh ch cn nh cu to ca anilin l lm c.
Cu 48: p n D
Al(OH)3 va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl v tc dng vi dung dch NaOH nn c tnh lng
tnh.
Cu 49: p n A
B mt nc trong cc thng vi: lu ngy s c lp vng mng do c phn ng:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
Li bnh: Cu hi thc t rt n gin.
Cu 50: p n C
Cu hi d v phn loi polime.
T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh. T thin nhin c sn trong thin nhin nh bng,
len, t tm.

Trang 206/305

1A

2D

3A

4A

P N S 10
5C
6D
7B

11A

12D

13A

14D

15B

16A

17A

18A

19D

20B

21D

22C

23D

24C

25D

26A

27D

28A

29C

30A

31A

32D

33B

34C

35C

36C

37A

38D

39B

40A

41C

42A

43C

44A

45C

46A

47B

48A

49A

50D

8D

9B

10A

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n A
- Hai cht to ra kt ta sau cc phn ng l FeCl3 ,FeCl2 .
- AlCl3 to kt ta tan trong dung dch KOH d.
- CuCl2 v ZnCl2 to kt ta tan trong dung dch NH3 d.
Li bnh: Cu hi n gin v phn ng ca dung dch mui vi dung dch kim v dung dch NH3.
Cu 2: p n D
Gi cng thc phn t ca A l: Cn H2n+2Om
Cn H 2n +2O m
0,2
m

m
H2
2

0,1

14n + 2 + 16m = 74m 29m = 7n + 1 .


Li bnh: Bi tp rt n gin v ancol.
Cu 3: p n A
V X tc dng va vi 2 mol NaOH thu c hai cht hu c Y v Z L hp cht tp chc (este
v ancol).
Cu 4: p n A
Nhn xt: Cu hi rt n gin. Ch cn hc sinh nh c tn v cng thc ca mt s amino axit
thng gp.
Cu 5: p n C
- Gi CTPT ca X: C2n H4n N2O3 v Y: C3n H6n-1N3O4
1
3

- t chy Y: C3n H6n-1N3O4 + O2 3nCO2 + 3n- H 2O + N 2


2
2

Theo bi ta c: 0,15.3n.44 + 0,15. 3n- .18 = 82,35 n=3


2

Khi t chy 0,1mol X thu c 0,6 mol CO2 nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 0,6 mCaCO3 = 30 gam.
Li bnh : Cu hi khng kh phn amino axit i hi hc sinh phi bit cch lp cng thc tng qut
ca peptit t amino axit. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2010.
Cu 6: p n D
(1): Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c vng benzen v nhm OH: sai v nhm
hiroxyl lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t Cacbon ca vng benzen.

Trang 207/305

(2): Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c cha nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t
cacbon ca vng benzen: ng.
(3): Phenol c dng iu ch dc phm v thuc n: ng.
(4): Phenol tan v hn trong nc lnh: sai v phenol tan t trong nc lnh
(5): Phenol tan v hn trong nc 660C: ng.
(6): Phenol tan c trong etanol: ng.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt n gin v phenol
Cu 7: p n B
Ta c:
n H+ = 0,1.0,1.2 + 0,1.0,2 + 0,1.0,3 = 0,07 (mol)

n OH- = 0,2V + 0,29V = 0,49V mol


nH+ d = 0,07 0,49V = 0,01 0,3+V V = 0,134 (lt)
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v phn ng axit baz. Hc sinh bit s dng phng trnh ion thu
gn l lm c bi.
Cu 8: p n D
Ta c: n X = 0,15 mol
- Nhn thy s mol ca X lun bng s mol kt ta
nkt ta = 0,15 mol M =240 CAg CAg X l C2H2
Cu 9: p n B
Do tng s ht electron trong XY32- l 42 ZX + 3ZY = 40

= 10 To ra ion m ZY = 8

(Y l 8O) ZX = 16 (X l S).
Li bnh : Cu hi kh phn cu to nguyn t. Cu ny i hi hc sinh phi c k nng bin lun
tt.
Cu 10: p n A
Th nghim 1: HCHO 4Ag x = 4a.108

HCHO (0,5a mol)


Th nghim 2: Hn hp B gm
HCOO H (0,5a mol)
HCHO 4Ag
HCOOH 2 Ag
0,05a
2a
0, 05a
a
y = 3a.108 x : y = 4 : 3

Li bnh : Cu hi v phn ng trng bc rt c bn.


Cu 11: p n A
n gin ta coi KOH v NaOH phn ng vi c H2SO4 v amino axit.
nH2 SO4 0,1 nOH 2nH2 SO4 nX 0, 4 nH2O nNaOH 0,1 ; nKOH 0,3

mmui ma.a mH2SO4 mKOH mNaOH mH2O ma.a = 13,3 gam


Phn trm khi lng ca nit trong X l
Trang 208/305

%mN

0,1.14.100
10,526%.
13, 7

Li bnh : Bi ton v phn ng ca amino axit vi dung dch axit v dung dch baz. Cu hi tng
t thi i hc khi B 2013.
Cu 12: p n D
S mol NaOH tham gia phn ng x phng ha l: n NaOH = 0,07 mol
20 gam bo cn 0,07 mol NaOH 1 tn bo cn x mol NaOH x = 3,5.103 mol m = 0,14 tn.
Cu 13: p n A
im chung l Zn v cc kim loi trong mui u c ha tr II. Do t l kim loi phn ng v to
thnh u l 1:1.
- Dung dch Cu(NO3)2 :
Zn + Cu(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Cu
Cu = 64 < Zn = 65 Khi lng l km gim.
- Dung dch Pb(NO3)2:
Zn + Pb(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Pb
Pb = 207 > Zn = 65 Khi lng l km tng
Dung dch Zn(NO3)2 khng phn ng khi lng l Zn khng i.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v phn ng thy luyn. Hc sinh cn vn dng phng php tng gim
khi lng.
Cu 14: p n D
- Cc nhm th no lm tng tnh baz ca amin; cng nhiu nhm no v nhm no cng nhiu C th tnh
baz ca amin cng mnh; cc nhm th khng no v thm lm gim tnh baz ca amin A, B, C
ng.
- Khi trn vng benzen c gn thm cc nhm th gy hiu ng ht e nh NO2, CN, SO3H,
COOH Cl, C6H5, ... th tnh baz ca amin thm s b gim i; ngc li cc nhm gy hiu ng
y e nh NH2, OR, R ,... li lm tng tnh baz ca amin thm. Nhm CH3 gy hiu ng y e;
-NO2 gy hiu ng ht e tnh baz ca p CH3C6H4NH2 > p O2NC6H4NH2.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn phn so snh tnh baz ca cc amin.
Cu 15: p n B
Gi s mol mi cht ln lt l x, y, z ta c h phng trnh:

x y z 0, 04
x 0, 02

72 x 60 y 56 z 2, 6 y 0, 01
x y 0, 03
z 0, 01

n Br2 = x + 2z = 0,04 mol m = 6,4 gam

Cu 16: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp phn phn ng oxi ha kh. Ci kh ca phng trnh l c nhiu s
thay i s oxi ha. cn bng nhanh c th gi nh Cu, Fe trong CuFeS2 c mc oxi ha cao nht
l +2 v +3 CuFeS2-5/2.

Trang 209/305

S 6 2e S 4
2S 5/2 2S 4 13e

2CuFeS2 18H 2 SO4 Fe2 SO4 3 17SO2 2CuSO4 18H 2O


Cu 17: p n A
Cc cht u c kh nng cng H2 to butan tr Isopren v Isopren mch c 5 nguyn t Cacbon nn
khng th tc dng Hidro to butan.
Li bnh: Cu hi v phn ng cng ca hidrocacbon Lp 11.
Cu 18: p n A
Ta c:
n OH- = 0,3 mol ; n CO2 = 0,2 mol n CO3 = n HCO3 = 0,1 mol .

1/2X c 0,05 mol mi ion.


Khi cho 1/2X tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2: n BaCO3 = n CO3 + n HCO3 = 0,1 mol
m 19,7 (gam).

mmui 0,1.61 0,1.60 0,1.39 0, 2.23 20,6 gam


Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim.
Cu 19: p n D
Cc cht trng bc c l cht c cha nhm chc CHO : HCHO, HCOOH, CH3CHO, C6H12O6
(fructoz).
Li bnh: Cu hi d v c bn v phn ng ca cht hu c. Hc sinh cn phn bit phn ng trng
bc v phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 ni chung.
Cu 20: p n B
- Cho Fe vo X thy thot ra kh NO trong X c H+ v NO3- qu trnh in phn gm cc phn
ng:
2NaCl + Cu(NO3)2 Cu + Cl2 + 2NaNO3
0,2
0,1
0,1 0,1
Cu(NO3)2 + H2O Cu + 2HNO3 + 1/2O2
x
x
2x
1/2x
mdd gim mCu mCl2 mO2 0,1.64 0,1.71 80 x 21,5 x 0,1.
- Cc phn ng xy ra vi Fe:

3Fe 8H 2 NO3 3Fe2 2 NO 4 H 2O


0, 075 0, 2
Fe Cu 2 Fe2 Cu
y

khi lng thanh st gim l

mFe

0,075

y .56 64 y 2,6 y 0, 2 nCu 2 x 0,1 y 0, 4 a.

Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng in phn hn hp.


Cu 21: p n D
Trang 210/305

S cht phn ng dung dch Brom l: Glucoz, C2H2, C2H4, CH2=CH-COOH, phenol, anilin, metyl
xiclopropan.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v phn ng ca cc cht hu c.
Cu 22: p n C
- Alanin, glyxin u cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH khng lm i mu qu tm.
- Lysin cha 2 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH lm i mu qu tm thnh xanh.
- Axit Glutamic 1 nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH lm qu tm ha
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v mi trng ca cc dung dch amino axit.
Cu 23: p n D
X (C6H5OH); Y (C6H5CH2OH); Z (CH2=CHCH2OH).
(1). (X), (Y), (Z) u c nhm OH nn u phn ng vi K.
(2). (X), (Y), (Z) u phn ng vi NaOH Sai: Ancol khng tc dng NaOH.
(3). Ch c (X), (Z) phn ng vi nc brom.
(4). Ch c (X) phn ng vi nc brom Sai v Z khng no nn c th cng Br2
Cu 24: p n C
- Y c mt electron phn lp ngoi cng nn Y c cu hnh l: 1s22s22p63s23p1 Y l Al: Kim loi.
- X cng c e phn lp p v hn km Y hai electron vy X c cu hnh l: 1s 22s22p63s23p3 X l P:
Phi kim.
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn v cu hnh e v tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t.
Cu 25: p n D
Ta c phng trnh phn ng:
C12H22O11 + H2O G + F
V c glucoz v fructoz u c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3
nAg 2nG 2nF 4nS 0, 4 mAg 43, 2 gam.

Do ch c glucoz tc dng vi dung dch Br2 theo t l mol 1:1


nBr2 nG 0,1 mBr2 16 gam.

nBr2 = nG = 0,1 mBr2 = 16 gam.


Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v phn ng ca cc gluxit.
Cu 26: p n A

- Nhn thy: nHCO 0, 09 2 nCa2 nMg 2


3

0,12 nc trong cc thuc loi nc cng ton

phn.
- Cc cht c th lm mm nc cng ton phn gm: Na2CO3, K3PO4.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v nc cng Lp 12. Tuy nhin hc sinh phi xc nh c loi nc
cng da vo s mol ca cc ion ri mi tm cht lm mm nc cng c.
Cu 27: p n D
Cc ng phn C4H9Cl:
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2Cl
CH3 CHCl CH2 CH3
(CH3)2CH CH2Cl
Trang 211/305

(CH3)3CCl
Li bnh: Cu hi d phn ng phn ca dn xut halogen.
Cu 28: p n A
(C5H8O2)n C5nH8nO2n. tn ti este no mch h th 8n = 2.5n + 2 2n 0 = 2 v l.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v iu kin tn ti cht hu c.
Cu 29: p n C
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
mH2 0,3 gam. n H2 0,15 mol

n Ancol = 0,3 mol M = 52

Vy hai ancol l: C2 H5OH v C3H7 OH .


Li bnh: Cu hi d phn phn ng ca ancol vi Na. Hc sinh cn lu lng Na c th phn
ng ht vi ancol hoc cn d.
Cu 30: p n A
Ta c:

n Ba(OH)2 =

a
a
mol; n HCl =
mol
171
36,5

Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl BaCl2 + 2H2O


Ban u
a/171
a/36,5
Phn ng
a/171 2a/171
Cn bng
0
0,015a
HCl d Sau phn ng dung dch c mi trng axit
Li bnh: y l 1 cu hi d phn phn ng axit baz:
Cu 31: p n A
- uy i hn hp thnh Fe, M v S c s mol tng ng l x, 2x v 4x:
+ mhh 56 x 2 Mx 128 x 71,76 1 .
+ Bo ton e: 3nFe 2nM 6nS nNO2 3x 4 x 24 x 31x 3,72 x 0,12.
- Ton b S trong hn hp u chuyn thnh SO42- v i ht vo kt ta BaSO4
nBaSO4 4 x 0, 48 m 111,84 gam.

Li bnh: Bi tp kh phn phn ng ca cht kh vi dung dch HNO3. Hc sinh s gii c nu


bit vn dng phng php quy i.
Cu 32: p n D
Gi s mol Cl2 v Br2 ln lt l x v y Ta c x = 0,1; y = 0,04

Cl 2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I 2
0,1

0,2

0,2

Trang 212/305

Br2 + 2NaI 2NaBr + I 2


0,04 0,08

0,08

m 19,94 (gam)
Cu 33: p n B
Ta c phng trnh phn ng:

17

H 33COO 3 C3 H 5 + 3NaOH 3C17 H 33COONa + C3H 5 OH 3


0,1

0,3

0,3

0,1

Cht rn gm mui v NaOH cn d m = 0,3.304 + 0,1.40 = 95,2 (gam)


Cu 34: p n C
Ta c: nH2 0, 4 nhh 0,8 .V khi thc hin phn ng este ha, cc cht phn ng vi nhau va
nn nC2 H5OH nRCOOH 0, 4.
RCOOH + C2H5OH RCOOC2H5 + H2O

neste 0, 4.80% 0,32 M RCOOC2 H5

34,88
109 R 44 29 R 36
0,32

2 axit lin tip l C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.


Li bnh : y l dng bi tp c bn v ancol, axit.
Cu 35: p n C
linh ng ca nguyn t hidro ph thuc vo lc ht tnh in gia nguyn t lin kt vi hidro.
- Nu cc hp cht hu c khng cng nhm chc ta c
Axit v c > axit hu c > H2CO3 > phenol > H2O > ancol
- Nu cc hp cht hu c c cng nhm chc th xt gc hidro ca hp cht hu c l gc y hay
ht in t:
+ Nu cc hp cht lin kt gc y in t (hidrocacbon no) th linh ng ca nguyn t H
gim
+ Nu cc hp cht lin kt gc ht in t (hidrocacbon khng no, hidrocacbon thm) th
linh ng ca nguyn t H tng.
(1) < (5) < (4) < (2) < (3).
Cu 36: p n C
Cc phn ng trong dung dch xy ra theo quy tc .
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v dy in ha.
Cu 37: p n A
- Bo ton nguyn t N n Amin = 1 mol
- Bo ton nguyn t C s C = 1 CH5 N
Li bnh: Bi tp cc d phn amin.
Cu 38: p n D

Trang 213/305

- Khi cho X tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d: nBaCO3 nCO 2 nHCO 0, 2 Trong 200ml dung dch X c
3

0,4 mol ion cha C nCO2 nK2CO3 0, 4 0, 2 y 0, 4 y 0, 2.


- Cho 100ml dung dch X tc dng vi dung dch HCl:

nHCl 0,15mol; nCO2 0,12. V nCO2 nHCl 2nCO2 dung dch X cha c KHCO3 (a mol) v
K2CO3 (b mol) v HCl phn ng ht vi CO32- v HCO3 theo phng trnh:

aHCO3 bCO32 a 2b H a b CO2 a b H 2O


Theo phng trnh a 2b
Theo bi

0,15

a b 0, 2
0,12

Vy a + 2b = 0,25. Gii ra a = 0,15; b = 0,05.


Bo ton in tch m: 2 a 2b x 2 y suy ra x 0,1.
Li bnh: Bi tp kh v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim. Nu phn bit rch ri th t cc
phn ng th vic gii bi ton s v cng phc tp.
Cu 39: p n B
Hp cht C3H9O2N tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, un nng nh thu c mui Y v kh T lm hng
dung dch phenolphthalein. Vy c 4 ng phn tha mn:
CH3-CH2-COONH4
CH3COONH3CH3
HCOONH3C2H5
HCOONH2(CH3)CH3
Cho Y tc dng vi NaOH rn, nung nng thu c CH4
Mui Y l CH3COONa X l CH3COONH3CH3.
Cu 40: p n A
NH4HSO3 + HCl NH4Cl + SO2 + H2O
NH4HCO3 + HCl NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O
(NH4)2CO3 + 2HCl 2 NH4Cl + H2O + CO2
(NH4)2SO3 + 2HCl 2 NH4Cl + H2O +SO2
CO2 khng lm mt mu dung dch Brom Loi C, D
Cht X khng tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2 X l NH4HSO3.
Cu 41: p n C
X l: C3H7 NH3 NO3 Y l C3H7 NH2 .
Cu 42: p n A
Gi s mol ca Al l x mol, s mol Cu l y mol
nNO2 0,1mol; nH2 0,3mol

- Ha Al v Cu tan trong HNO3 c ngui, Al b th ng


2nCu nNO2 2 y 0,1 y 0,05.

- Ha tan Al v Cu trong dung dch HCl, Cu khng phn ng


3nAl 2nH2 3x 0,6 x 0, 2.
m 27.0, 2 64.0,05 8,6 (gam)
Trang 214/305

Li bnh : Bi tp c bn v phn ng ca kim loi vi dung dch axit.


Cu 43: p n C
Cu hi c bn v so snh nhit si ca cc cht hu c.
V cc cht u l cht bo nhit si t l thun vi M.
Cu 44: p n A
Cu hi c lin quan n tnh cht ca kim loi v dy in ha.
C 5 phn ng xy ra:
Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 3FeSO4
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
Cu 45: p n C
Phng trnh :

C4H6 x C3H3 N y

O2 N2 CO2 + N2 + H2O

Coi s mol ca cao su l 1 mol:


n CO2 4x 3y ; n H2O = 3x + 1,5y
Bo ton nguyn t O:

n O = 5,5x + 3,75y n N (trong khng kh) = 22x +15y


Bo ton N n N = 22x + 15,5y.
2

Theo bi ta c

4x+3y
15,873
x 1
=
=
22x+15,5y 84,127
y 2

Li bnh: Cu hi l phn polime.


Cu 46: p n A
Cu 47: p n B
Bn cht qu trnh lu ha (un nng 1500C hn hp cao su v lu hunh vi t l 97 : 3 khi lng)
l to ra cu ni - S-S- gia cc mch phn t cao su lm cho chng tr thnh mng khng gian.
Li bnh : Cu hi cc d phn cu trc ca polime.
Cu 48: p n A
(a) Glucoz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc.
(b) S chuyn ha tinh bt trong c th ngi c sinh ra mantoz.
(c) Mantoz c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc.
(d) Saccaroz c cu to t hai gc -glucoz v -fructoz Sai: trong phn t saccaroz gc glucoz v gc -fructoz lin kt vi nhau qua nguyn t oxi.
(e) Fructoz c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch Br2 Sai.
(f) Fructoz tn ti ch yu di dng mch h Sai: trong dung dch frutoz tn ti ch yu dng
vng
(g) Glucoz tn ti ch yu di dng mch vng.
Cu 49: p n A
Trang 215/305

Nhn xt: Ti A v B thu c lng kt ta nh nhau

Ti B: nOH 0,68.0,5 0,34 mol

Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3
0,1 0,3 0,1
Al (OH )3 OH Al (OH ) 4
0, 04 0, 04
nAl (OH )3 0,1 0,04 0,06mol
Ti A: nAl (OH )3 0, 06mol nOH 0,18mol V

n
0,18

0,36l 360ml
CM
0,5

Cu 50: p n D
Hp cht A tc dng c vi K, AgNO3/NH3 Loi A, C.
Khi cho A tc dng vi H2/Ni, t0 to ra ancol ha tan c Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch mu xanh lam
to ra hai nhm ancol lin k A l CH3CH(OH)CHO.

Trang 216/305

1D

2B

3A

4D

P N S 11
5B
6B
7C

11B

12C

13A

14B

15B

16C

17C

18A

19C

20C

21B

22C

23D

24B

25A

26C

27C

28B

29C

30A

31A

32D

33A

34A

35A

36D

37B

38B

39C

40B

41A

42A

43B

44D

45A

46B

47C

48D

49B

50A

8C

9C

10A

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n D
- S mol cc cht: n Fe3O4 = 0,16mol ; n BaCO3 = 0,22 mol = n CO2 .
- Sau hai th nghim c:

3Fe+3/4 3Fe+3 +1e


S6 2e S4

C2 C4 2e

Phng php bo ton e:


2n SO2 = 2n CO2 +

1
1
.3.n Fe3O4 = 2.0,22 + .3.0,16 = 0,6.
3
3

nSO2 = 0,3mol V = 6,72 lit.

Li bnh: Cu hi v phn ng oxi ha kh i hi hc sinh c k nng tt khi gii bi ton bng


phng php bo ton electron.
Cu 2: p n B
- Ancol anlylic v andehit propionic: C3H6O (x mol).
- Axit acrylic v vinyl fomiat: C3H4O2 (y mol).
58x + 72y = 18,8 v 3x + 3y = n CO2 = n CaCO3 = 0,9 mol
x 0, 2; y 0,1

n H2O 3n C3H6O 2n C3H4O2 0,8mol.

gim khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 l: m = mCaCO3 mCO2 mH2O = 36 (gam)
Li bnh: Bi ton v hn hp cht hu c i hi HS bit tm ra im ging nhau gia cc cht.
Cu 3: p n A
- Da vo cu hnh e lp ngoi cng thy: X, Y, G ln lt thuc nhm IIIA, VA v VIIA ca cng
chu k.
- Trong chu k, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, tnh phi kim tng dn; bn knh nguyn t
gim dn, m in tng dn, nng lng ion ha tng dn.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v phn cu hnh e v so snh tnh cht ca cc nguyn t.
Cu 4: p n D
Nhn xt: Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A v B
2014.
Cu 5: p n B
Trang 217/305

phn ng vi HI khng l phn ng oxi ha - kh th cht phn ng phi l hp cht st (II) v sn


phm thu c l FeI2.
Li bnh: Cu hi v phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cu 6: p n B
- Bo ton e:
n NH4 NO3 = 0,05 mol

3n Al = 3n NO + 8n N2O + 8n NH4 NO3

s mol HNO3 b kh l n HNO3 = 0,35 mol


- Bo ton N: n HNO3 = 3n Al + n NO + 2n N2O + 2n NH4 NO3 = 1,85 mol
Cu 7: p n C
Cc cht lng tnh gm: Ca(HCO3)2, (NH4)2CO3, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt cc d v tnh cht ca cc cht..
Cu 8: p n C
Dung dch X gm Ba 2+ 0,1 mol , Na + 0,2x mol , Cl- 0,2 mol v OH- 0,2x mol.
V CO2 phn ng ht nn thu c dung dch trung gian cha Ba 2+ 0,1 mol , Na + 0,2x mol ,
Cl- 0,2 mol v 0,25 mol hn hp CO32- , HCO3-

thu c lng kt ta ln nht th n CO 2- 0,1 mol.


3

lng OH nh nht th n CO 2- = 0,1 mol n HCO - = 0,15 mol


-

Phng php bo ton in tch: 0,2x = 0,1.2 + 0,15 x = 1,75.


Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v phn ng ca CO2 v dung dch kim. Hc sinh cn bit cch bin lun
da vo s mol Ba2+.
Cu 9: p n C
Cc phn ng:
2KMnO4 16HCl 2KCl 2MnCl2 5Cl2 8H2O
PbO2 4HCl PbCl2 Cl2 2H2O
CaOCl2 2HCl CaCl2 Cl2 H2O
K2Cr2O7 14HCl 2KCl 2CrCl3 3Cl2 7H2O

Cu 10: p n A
- S mol cc cht: n Fe 0, 2 mol nu Fe tan ht th: 0,6 n e

cho

0,4

4H 3e NO3 NO 2H 2O
0,6
0

0, 2
0, 45

0,15 0,15

s e nhn l 0,45 mol > 2nFe c ngha l Fe phn ng ht


Trong dung dch thu c c Fe3+, Fe2+ v NO3- d 0,05 mol v SO4 2- 0,02 mol
Vy khi lng mui thu c l: m = 11,2 + 0,05.62 + 0,2.96 = 33,5 (gam).
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v phn ng ca Fe vi dung dch H+ v NO3-. im quan trng nht ca bi
l hc sinh phi ch ra c: Fe phn ng ht cha? Sn phm l Fe2+ hay Fe3+.
Trang 218/305

Cu 11: p n B
- CH3OH khng c phn ng to anken; 2 ng phn ca C3H7OH tch nc ch to c anken C3H6
duy nht.
- T 3 ancol, s ng phn ete thu c l:

3.(3 1)
6
2

Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v tnh cht ca ancol. y l cu hi cho im ca thi.


Cu 12: p n C
- Hn hp 2 kim loi gm Cu v Fe d Cu2+ ht; Mg ht.
- Cc phn ng xy ra:
Mg + Cu 2+ Mg2+ + Cu
Fe + Cu 2+ Fe2+ + Cu (c th c)

Cu2+ v Mg u ht, Fe d th x z < x + y


Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 13: p n A
- S iu ch: Ca 3 PO4 2 2P
- Khi lng P thu c l: mP =

1000.2.31.77,5.80
= 124 (gam)
100.100.310

Li bnh: Bi tp iu ch c lin quan n yu t hiu sut.


Cu 14: p n B
Cc hn hp c th tan ht l A; C; E.
Hn hp A: Na + HOH Na + + OH- +

1
H2
2

Al + HOH + OH- AlO2- +

3
H2
2

Hn hp C: Cu + Fe2 SO4 3 CuSO4 + 2FeSO4


H hp E: Cu + 2NO3- + 4H+ Cu 2+ + 2NO2 + 2H2O
Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu 2+ + 2Fe2+

Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.


Cu 15: p n B
Ta c: nFe 0,06mol . V p n a ra c 3 p n to hn hp Fe2+ (x mol) v Fe3+ (y mol) nn hc
sinh nn x l theo hng ny:
- Bo ton Fe: x + y = 0,06 (1)
- Bo ton e: ne = 2x + 3y nH 2 SO4 phn ng = 2x + 3y = 0,15 (2).
Gii h (1) v (2) x = y = 0,03 mol.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v v phn ng ca Fe vi H2SO4 c. Cu hi c tnh phn loi hc sinh.
Cu 16: p n C
Trang 219/305

Cc trng hp l O2; HNO3; H2SO4 c nng v AgNO3 to hp cht st (II) hay (III) ty thuc vo
t l s mol; iu kin
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v tnh cht ca st.
Cu 17: p n C
- S mol cc cht: nX 0,08; nH2 0, 2; nY 0, 25.
- V phn ng xy ra hon ton nH 2 phn ng 0, 2 0,08 0, 25 0,03mol H2 d

anken trong X phn ng ht nanken (X) = nH 2

phn ng

= 0,03 nankan = 0,05

nC6 H14 0,03 0,05 0,03 0,05(mol ).


- Bo ton C ta c: nCO2 6nC6 H14 nCaCO3 0,3 m 30 (gam).
Li bnh: Bi tp kh v hay v phn ng crackinh.
Cu 18: p n A
Xt m/3 gam X:
- C n C = n CO2 = 0,15mol , n H = 2.n H2O = 0,3(mol)
X c n H : n C = 2 CTPT ca X: CnH2nO (n 3) l ancol khng no c 1 lin kt C=C, mch h.
- C n X = n H2O + n X(du) = 2.n H2 = 0,05mol

n=

0,15
= 3 CTPT ca X l C3H6O.
0,05

- C nX (b oxi ha) = s mol anehit =


Hp/ oxi ha X =

1
s mol Ag = 0,03 mol
2

0,03
= 60%
0,05

Vy gi tr ca m l m = 3 58 . 0,05 = 8,7 gam.


Cu 19: p n C
Fe3O4 8H Fe2 2Fe3 4H2O

n H+ =0,04 mol

catot:
anot:

Cu 2+ + 2e Cu

2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
x

2x

2H 2O 4H + + 4e + O2
0,04

0,04

0,01

x 0,01 0,02 x 0,01 mol.

Bo ton e:
n Cu2+ = 0,03mol m = 0,03.160 + 0,01.58,5.2 = 5,97 (gam)

Cu 20: p n C
0,15mol hn hp X gm cc kh CH4, C2H2 v H2. nX 0,15; M X 20 mX 3 gam mY.
nZ 0,035; M Z 26 mZ = 0,91 gam khi lng bnh ng Br2 tng l:
m mX mZ 2,09 (gam).

Li bnh: Bi tp quen thuc v phn ng ca hidrocacbon.


Trang 220/305

Cu 21: p n B
- S mol e m m gam cc kim loi Al, Mg c th cho l: ne = 2nkh = 0,6 mol.
- Khi cho Mg, Al tc dng vi cc dung dch mui th Ag+ phn ng trc, sau n Cu2+:

Ag 1e Ag
0, 4 0, 4

Cu 2 2e Cu
0,1

0, 2

Khi lng kt ta l m 0, 4.108 0,1.64 49,6(gam)


Li bnh: Bi tp rt quen thuc vn dng phng php bo ton e v th t phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 22: p n C
Cu + HNO3
Cu + HCl + NaNO3
Cu + HCl + Fe(NO3)3
Nhit phn Fe(NO3)3
Nhit phn HNO3
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt tng i kh v tnh cht ca cc cht.
Cu 23: p n D
Cu hi d phn phn ng thy luyn Lp 12.
Do phn ng to ba mui v ba kim loi 3 kim loi l Ag, Cu v Fe d AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2,
Mg, Zn phn ng ht; 3 mui gm Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2 (v trong kim loi c Fe v
Cu nn khng th tn ti Fe3+).
Li bnh: Cu hi d phn phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 24: p n B
H2SO4 c c tnh ho nc c dng lm kh cc cht. Cc cht m H2SO4 c c th lm kh
phi khng c phn ng vi H2SO4 c.
A. Sai v HBr, HI (c tnh kh mnh), NH3 (c tnh baz) c phn ng vi H2SO4 c.
C. Sai v HCl, HBr, HI, H2S (c tnh kh mnh) c phn ng vi H2SO4 c.
D. Sai v SO3 b hp th bi H2SO4 c to oleum.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht.
Cu 25: p n A
(RCOO)C2H4; (RCOO)2C2H4; RCOO-CH2CH2-OOC-R; RCOO-CH2-CH2OH;
RCOO-CH2-CH2OH
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v ng phn ca este
Cu 26: p n C
- Bo ton khi lng: c mO2p.u = 8, 4 gam n O2p/u = 0,2625 mol
- Bo ton nguyn t oxi: n O (X) = 0,125 mol.
- Gi s mol ancol l a; s mol axit l 2a. Bo ton oxi ta c
a + 2.2a = 0,125 a = 0,025
CTPT ca ancol v axit: CnH2n+2O v CnHmO2: 0,025n + 0,05n = 0,225 n = 3
Hai cht l C3H8O v C3HmO2 0,025.8 + 0,05.m = 0,2.2
Trang 221/305

m = 4 C3H4O2 este: CH2=CH-COOC3H7 c khi lng l:


m = 114.0,025.80% = 2,28 (gam).
Li bnh: y l dng bi ton tng hp v cc cht hu c.
Cu 27: p n C
nh s mch chnh t phi sang tri tn 5-brom-2-clo-3,3-imetyl hexan
Li bnh: Cu hi d v tn gi ca cht hu c. Hc sinh ch cn nm c cc u tin khi nh s
v cu trc tn gi.
Cu 28: p n C
Nhn xt: Cu hi l thuyt thng gp v n mn in ha. Hc sinh ch cn nm vng cc iu kin
xy ra n mn in ha l tr li c.
Cu 29: p n C
- nNaOH = 3neste este X c ba chc. Bo ton khi lng c
meste = 24,6 + 0,1.92 - 0,3.40 = 21,8 (gam). .

- MC3H5(OOCR)3 = 218 3R = 45.


+ Nu R1 = R2 = R3 = 15 c 1 cht
+ R1 =1; R2 =15; R3 = 29 c 3 cht
+ R1 = 1; R2 = 1; R3 = 43 c 4 cht (ch gc C3H7 c hai cu to)
Tng s cht l 8.
Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v phn ng x phng ha ca este.
Cu 30: p n A
- Ta c: 0,1mol Ala Gly Lys phn ng vi 0,2 mol H2O v 0,4 mol H2SO4 (mi lin kt peptit cn
1 H2O; 1 mol NH2 phn ng vi 1 mol H2SO4 do H2SO4 d).
- Theo bo ton khi lng:
mmui = mAla Gly Lys + mH2O + mH2SO4 = 0,1. 89 + 75 + 146 2.18 + 0,2.18 + 0,4.98 = 70,2 (gam)
Li bnh: Bi ton hay gp v phn ng thy phn ca peptit. Hc sinh cn lu dng bi ny rt t
khi ta s dng cch vit phn ng.
Cu 31: p n A
Ta c: pH = 2 [H+] = 10-2 nH+ = 10-2mol = namin M amin =

0,59
= 59
0,01

trong hn hp phi c amin C4H9NH2 amin cn li l CH3NH2 hoc C2H5NH2


Cu 32: p n B
Cht hu c c 2 lin kt i v c ng phn hnh hc c 2 v tr ny c cc ng phn cis cis,
trans trans, cis trans, trans cis.
Li bnh: y l cu hi hay v ng phn hnh hc.
Cu 33: p n A
- S mol cc cht: nMantoz = 0,4mol; nSaccaroz = 0,1mol.
- S phn ng: M 2G v S G + F
Trang 222/305

n G + F = 0,4 + 0,1 .0,6.2 = 0,6mol ; n M du = 0,4.0,4 = 0,16mol.


- Phn ng trng bc: G, F, M 2Ag
n Ag = 0,6.2 + 0,16.2 = 1,52 mol m = 164,16 gam.

Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng thy phn isaccarit. Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi B


2012.
Cu 34: p n A
Nhn xt: y l cu hi d phn polime. Tuy nhin hc sinh cn lu bi hi tn thng.
Cu 35: p n A
Cc cht c M = 46 gm C2H5OH; CH3OCH3; HCOOH.
- C2H5OH ch tc dng vi Na.
- HCOOH tc dng vi vi Na, NaOH, NaHCO3 v AgNO3 trong NH3.
- CH3OCH3 khng tc dng vi cc cht.

S phn ng l 5.
Li bnh: y l cu hi rt hay phn ng phn v tnh cht ca cc cht hu c.
Cu 36: p n D
Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, Ag2O u tan ht trong dung dch NH3 to thnh dung dch phc.
Cu 37: p n B
CTPT ca ankan l CnH2n+2, c tng s e ha tr l 6n + 2 c s lin kt l 3n + 1 = 19 n = 6
Khi C6H14 tc dng vi Cl2/as to thnh 4 loi dn xut monoclo th c CTCT l
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3 s nguyn t C bc 1 l 3 (u nhm CH3)
Li bnh : y l 1 cu hi hay v ankan..
Cu 38: p n B
Cu hi v tnh cht v phn ng iu ch cht hu c.
C2H2 C2H4 CH3CHO CH3COOH.
C2H2 CH3CHO CH3COONH4 CH3COOH.
C2H2 CH3COOCH = CH2 CH3CHO CH3COOH.
Cu 39: p n C
- Nu trn vng benzen c nhm th y e, kh nng phn ng th d hn benzen.
- Nu trn vng benzen c nhm th ht e, kh nng phn ng th trn vng benzen gim.
Cu 40: p n B
400c, ankadien lin hp c phn ng cng kiu 1,2 v to ra sn phm chnh theo quy tc ngc
Maccopnhicop.
Li bnh: y l cu hi kh v phn cng hidrocacbon. Cc em hc sinh cn lu theo qui tc
ngc Maccopnhicop.
Cu 41: p n A
- Cc cht: Na2CO3, NaOH v CH3COOH u c tnh baz.
- Tnh baz cng mnh: CH3COO- < CO32- < OH- pH cng ln.
Cu 42: p n A
Ta c n Na 2CO3 = n CO2 = n H2O = 0,01(mol) . Bo ton khi lng ta thu c lng mui l 1,92 gam.
Trang 223/305

Li bnh: Bi tp cc d v axit. Ch cn dng bo ton khi lng l tm c.


Cu 43: p n B
nC3H2O 0,05 nAg 2nC3H2O (v c 1 nhm CHO) S mol AgNO3 b kh = 0,1.

Li bnh: Cu hi hay v phn ng vi AgNO3 ca cht hu c. Hc sinh khng s chn ton b


lng AgNO3 tham gia vo 2 v tr.
Cu 44: p n D
Li bnh: Nc cng ton phn c Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl- hoc SO42-. Khi un nng ch c HCO3phn hy to ra CO32- kt ta mt phn Ca2+, Mg2+, thu c nc c Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- hoc SO42- l
nc cng vnh cu. Vy tnh cng gim. Cn nc cng tm thi khi un nng th mt hon ton
Ca2+, Mg2+ thu c nc mm, nc cng vnh cu khi un nng th Ca2+, Mg2+ khng b kt ta,
tnh cng khng gim.
Cu 45: p n A
nAl3 0, 006mol
Khi V = a ml th thu c lng kt ta ln nht tc l Ba(OH)2 va phn ng vi AlCl3
nOH 0,018mol nBa (OH )2 0,009mol V 0,045l 45ml
Khi V = b ml th lng kt ta tan ht
Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3

0, 006 0, 018 0, 006


Al (OH )3 OH Al (OH ) 4
0, 006 0, 006

OH

0,024mol nBa (OH )2 0,012mol V 0,06l 60ml

Cu 46: p n B
MX = 113. Vy X l C3H6Cl2.
X c 4 CTCT l 1,1- iclopropan; 1,2- iclopropan; 1,3- iclopropan; 2,2- iclopropan
Cu 47: p n C
Nhn xt: y l cu hi kh v phn so snh tnh axit hu c..
Gc ht e lm tng tnh axit.
Cu 48: p n D
X: Cl2; Y: H2S; Z : SO2; G: NH3
Cu 49: p n B
(C6H10O5)n nC6H12O6 2nC2H5OH 2nCH3COOH 2nCH3COOC2H5
- c 1mol CH3COOC2H5 cn 2 mol CH3COOH v 2 mol C2H5OH.
- c 2 mol CH3COOH cn 4 mol C2H5OH.
Tng s mol C2H5OH cn dng l: 6 mol.
s mol C6H12O6 cn dng l:

1 100
.6.
= 6(mol)
2 50

S mol (C6H10O5)n cn dng l:

1 100 12
.6.
=
(mol)
n
50
n
Trang 224/305

Khi lng tinh bt cn dng l:

12
.162n = 1944(gam)
n

Li gii: Bi tp rt hay v phn ng iu ch cht hu c c lin quan n yu t hiu sut. Hc sinh


s sai nu ch quan tm n cht u v sn phm.
Bi 50: p n A
- S mol cc cht: n C3H4 =

6,272
8
= 0,28 (mol) .
= 0,2 mol ; n H2 =
40
22,4

- Cc phn ng:
Hg ,H

to
2+

CH C CH3 + H2O

Hg ,H

to
2+

CH C CH3 + H2O

C2H5CHO (ph)

(CH3)2CO (chnh)

X gm C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO v CH C CH3 d, tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3


CH C CH3 Ag NH3 2 NO3 AgC C CH3 NH 4 NO3 NH3

C2 H5CHO 2 Ag NH3 2 NO3 H 2O C2 H5COONH 4 2 NH 4 NO3 2 Ag NH 3


Ni ,t
C2 H5CHO H 2
CH 3CH 2CH 2OH
0

CH3 2 CO

Ni ,t
H 2
CH3 2 CHOH
0

Ni ,t
CH C CH3 2H 2
C3 H8
0

- Gi s mol C2H5CHO v (CH3)2CO ln lt l x v y


s mol C3H4 d = 0, 2

y .

- Khi lng ca kt ta l: 216x + 147 0,2 x y = 20,4 -69x + 147y = 9 1


- S mol H2 l n H2 = x + y + 2 0,2 x y = 0,28
x y 0,12(2)

Gii h (1) v (2) x 0,04; y 0,08


% propin chuyn ha thnh andehit l:

%propin =

0,04.100
= 20%
0, 2

Trang 225/305

1B

2A

3B

4D

P N S 12
5A
6B
7A

11B

12C

13B

14C

15D

16A

17D

18D

19A

20A

21D

22A

23B

24A

25B

26C

27A

28C

29D

30B

31C

32B

33B

34D

35A

36B

37C

38A

39B

40B

41C

42B

43B

44D

45A

46C

47A

48A

49D

50A

8D

9C

10A

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n B
- n C6H12O6 0, 02.0, 6 0, 01.0, 75 .2 0, 039mol; n mantozo du

0, 01.25
0, 0025mol
100

- n Ag 2n C6 2n mantozo du 0,083mol.
Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v phn ng thy phn v trng bc ca cacbohidrat. Hc sinh cn ch
n phn ng trng bc ca mantoz d. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2012.
Cu 2: p n A
- S mol cc cht: n AgNO3 0, 4mol; n Zn 0, 25mol ne (Zn nhng) = 0,5 > ne (Ag+ nhn) = 0,4
Ag+ v Cu2+ trong Y phn ng ht; Zn d.
- Cc phn ng c th xy ra:

Cu 2Ag Cu 2 2Ag
x

2x

2x mol

Zn 2Ag Zn 2 2Ag

0, 4

2x

Zn Cu 2 Zn 2 Cu
x

mX 2x.108 m 64x m 152x 42 1 ;


mZ 0, 4 2x .108 64x 16, 25 65 x 0, 2 x 23,65 152x 22,8 2 .
T (1) v (2) m = 19,2 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng thy luyn. Hc sinh cn xc nh c cht no ht cht no d.
Cu 3: p n B
Cu hi c bn v k hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ha hc.
- A sai v: cc nguyn t X v Y khng c cng s e khng th thuc cng nguyn t ha hc.
- C sai v: X c 26 13 = 13e; Y c 26 12 = 14e.
- D sai v: X v Z khng c cng s e khng th l ng v ca nhau.
Cu 4: p n D
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 5: p n A
Cu hi d v nguyn tc sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cu 6: p n B
- n NaOH 0, 2mol X phn ng vi NaOH theo t l 1:2 X l este ca phenol.
Trang 226/305

RCOOR 2NaOH RCOONa RONa H2O


- Bo ton khi lng: mX 21,0 8 0,1.18 14,8 gam MX 148 12x y 32 (X l
CxHyO2) 12x y 116 ch c cp x = 9; y = 8 ph hp X l C9H8O2.
- Cc cu to ca X l: HCOOC6 H4CH CH2 (3 ng phn).
Cu 7: p n A
Cu hi d v lin kt ha hc.
Cc cht c lin kt cng ha tr khng phn cc gm: N2 v H2.
Cu 8: p n D
- Cng thc cc cht: etilen C2H4; metan CH4; propin C3H4 v vinyl axetilen C4H4. Gi cng thc
chung ca cc cht trong X l CxH4.
V MX 34 x 2,5 n X 0,15mol.
- S t chy:

C2,5 H 4 2,5CO2 2H 2O
0,15

0,375

0,3
C2,5H4 2,5CO2 + 2H2O
0,15
0,375
0,3

mbnh tng mCO mH O 0,375.44 0,3.18 21,9 gam.


2
2
Li bnh: Bi tp t chy hn hp cht hu c hay c tc dng phn loi hc sinh. Nu bi ton cho
t chy mt hn hp nhiu cht th phi xem xt cc cht c c im chung g ( cng s C, H, O hay
s lin kt pi, vng; hay c cng cng thc n gin nht) t c nhng nhn nh ng v
phng php v s lin h v s mol CO2 v H2O.
Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi B 2011.
Cu 9: p n C
Cu hi quen thuc phn phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cc hp cht ca st c phn ng oxi ha kh vi H2SO4 c phi cha Fe cha t n mc oxi ha
cao nht +3 gm: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe3O4, Fe(NO3)2, FeSO4, FeCO3.
Cu 10: p n A
Bi tp c lin quan n phn ng crackinh v phn ng cng Br2 ca hidrocacbon.

mX 0, 45.0,6.58 15,66 n C4H10 ban au 0, 27 n H2 0,6 0, 27 0,33 n Br2 .


Li bnh: Cn H2n 2 Ck H2k 2 Cm H2m
Khi phn ng cracking hay tch H2 ca ankan xy ra nn ta gi khi lng v s mol hn hp trc
v sau phn ng tng ng l m1, n1 v m2, n2 th theo nh lut bo ton khi lng

m1 m2

n1 M 2

n2 M1

Cu 11: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt v nhm halogen.
B sai v HF c tnh axit yu hn HCl.
Li bnh:
Cu 12: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v ozon.
Trang 227/305

Cu 13: p n B
- S mol cc cht: n Cr2O3 0, 2mol; n H2 0,55mol 2n Cr2O3 trong X c Al d.
- Cc phn ng:

2Al Cr2 O3 2Cr Al2 O3


0, 2
0, 4
0, 2
Cr 2HCl CrCl 2 H 2
0, 4
0, 4
Aldu 3HCl AlCl3 3 2 H 2

0,1

0,15

Aldu NaOH H 2 O NaAlO 2 3 2 H 2


Al2 O3 2NaOH 2NaAlO 2 H 2O

n NaOH n Al du 2n Al2O3 0,5.


Cu 14: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng oxi ha kh.
Khi phn ng vi cc cht c tnh oxi ha mnh hn th S th hin vai tr ca cht kh: a, b, d.
Cu 15: p n D
- n BaSO4 0, 4.3y 1, 2y 0,144 y 0,12mol nBaSO4 = 0,4.3y = 1,2y = 0,144 y = 0,12mol.
- n NaOH 0,612; n AlOH 0,108. n NaOH 3n Al OH
3

phn ng ca E vi NaOH c s ha tan mt phn kt ta.


Al3

3OH

0, 4x 0,8y 1, 2x 2, 4y
Al OH 3

0, 4x 0,8y 0,108 0, 4x

Al OH 3

0, 4x
OH

0,8y
AlO2 2H 2O

0,8y 0,108

1, 2x 2, 4y 0, 4x 0,8y 0,108 0,612 x 0, 21 x : y 7 : 4.


Cu 16: p n A
v=

= 0,0002mol/lit.s.

Li bnh: Cu hi d v phn tc phn ng gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.


Kin thc: Tc phn ng l bin thin nng ca mt trong cc cht phn ng hoc sn phm
trong mt n v thi gian
C
x.t
Trong C: bin thin nng (mol/lt); t: bin thin thi gian (s); x: h s t lng
v

Cu 17: p n D
mN = 11,864%.70,8 nN = 0,6mol = nNO3 mNO3 = 37,2 gam mkim loi = 70,8 37,2 = 33,6 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi hay c lin quan n mui nitrat.
Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi B 2011.
Cu 18: p n D

Trang 228/305

Cu NO3 2 CuO 2NO 2 1 O 2


2
1
1
1
2
2
4NO 2 O 2 2H 2 O 4HNO3
2
1/ 2
2
CuO CO Cu CO 2
1

3Cu 8HNO3 3Cu NO3 2 2NO 4H 2O


1

nCu phn ng = 0,75mol %Cu phn ng = 75%.


Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng nhit phn mui nitrat.
Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi B 2011.
Mui nitrat ca kim loi trc Magi: To mui nitrit v O2
Mui nitrat ca kim loi t Magi n ng: To oxit, NO2 v O2
Mui nitrat ca kim loi sau ng: To kim loi, NO2 v O2
Cc phng php thng dng khi gii nhit phn mui nitrat;
- p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
- p dng phng php tng gim khi lng
- Gii bi tp bng phng php t n, lp h phng trnh ri gii
- Bin lun.
Cu 19: p n A
- Phn ng t chy: n CO2 0, 4 n H2O 0,65 mol ancol no, n chc;

n X Y 0, 25 mol C 1,6 2 ancol lin tip l CH3OH (x mol) v C2H5OH (y mol).


- Ta c: n hh x y 0, 25; n CO2 x 2y 0, 4 x 0,1mol; y 0,15 mol.
- Phn ng ete ha: gi s mol CH3OH v C2H5OH phn ng ln lt l a v b.

2ROH ROR H2O


n ete

b
2,17

0, 0775 a b 0,155 1 .
2
28

mete n ancol mH2O 32a 46b 0,0775.18 4,615 32a 46b 6,01 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) a 0,08; y 0,075

HC1

0, 08.100
0, 075.100
80%; H C2
50%.
0,1
0,15

Li bnh: Bi ton tng t cu hi trong thi i hc khi B 2011.


Cu 20: p n A
- n Fe2 SO4 0,1mol .
3

- Nu phn ng gia Zn v Fe3+ xy ra hon ton theo phn ng:


Zn Fe2 SO4 3 ZnSO4 2FeSO4
0,1

0,1

0,1

mdung dch tng 0,1.65 6,5 gam 7,85 gam


phi c thm phn ng:
Trang 229/305

Zn FeSO4 ZnSO4 Fe
x

x mol

6,5 65x 56x 7,85 x 0,15 m 0,1 0,15 .65 16, 25 gam.
Cu 21: p n D
- Cng thc cc cht: vinyl acrylat C5H6O2; etyl axetat C4H8O2 v metyl propionat C4H8O2.
- Gi s hn hp X c x mol C5H6O2 v y mol C4H8O2
98x 88y 36, 2; 3x 4y

27
1,5
18

x 0,1; y 0,3 %n C5H6O2

0,1.100
25%.
0, 4

Li bnh: Cu hi hay v phn ng t chy cc cht hu c. Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc


khi B 2011.
Cu 22: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt d, thng gp v cn bng ha hc.
Cc yu t c th lm chuyn dch cn bng ha hc l nhit , nng , p sut. V phn ng c tng
h s kh 2 v bng nhau nn p sut khng lm chuyn dch cn bng.
Cu 23: p n B
Cu hi d phn tnh cht ca cc cht.
Fe(OH)2 v Mg(OH)2 ch c tnh baz nn loi A, C, D.
Cu 24: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v phn bn ha hc.
- B sai v cng thc ca ure l (NH2)2CO.
- C sai v phn m mi cung cp N cho cy dng NO3- v NH4+.
- D sai v amophot l hn hp ca (NH4)2HPO4 v NH4H2PO4.
Cu 25: p n B
Cu hi n gin v tnh cht ca C c lin quan n phn ng oxi ha kh.
Trong cc phn ng a, b v d, C th hin vai tr ca cht oxi ha.
Cu 26: p n C

n CO2 0,15mol; n K2CO3 0,02mol; n KOH 0,1x mol.


- Phn ng ca Y vi BaCl2 d:

K 2CO3 BaCl2 BaCO3 2KCl


n K2CO3 (Y) n BaCO3 0,07 mol c 0,05mol K2CO3 mi c to thnh.
2KOH CO2 K 2 CO3 H 2 O
0,1

0, 05

0, 05

KOH CO2 KHCO3


0,1

0,1

n KOH 0, 2 0,1x x 2.
Li bnh: Bi ton CO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim tng t thi khi B 2011.
Ch : Lng K2CO3 gm c K2CO3 ban u v K2CO3 sinh ra sau phn ng CO2 v kim
Cu 27: p n A
Cu hi d v cng thc tng qut ca cht hu c.
Trang 230/305

Cng thc thc nghim ca hidrocacbon l (CnH2n+1)m hay CnmH2nm + m. V H > 2C hidrocacbon ch
c th l ankan.
Cu 28: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt n gin v tn gi ca ankan. Hc sinh ch cn nh mch chnh c nh s t tri
sang phi.
Cu 29: p n D
- Trong 11,64 gam hn hp X c 0,03mol Cu v 0,09mol Ag.

n H2SO4 0,1; n HNO3 0,05 n NO n H 0, 25.


3

3Cu 8H 2NO3 3Cu 2 2NO 4H 2O


0, 03 0, 08

0, 02

0, 02

3Ag 4H NO3 3Ag NO 2H 2O


0, 09

0,12

0, 03

0,03

n NO 0,05mol.
4NO 3O2 2H 2 O 4HNO3
0, 05

0,1

n HNO3 0,05mol CHNO3 0,1 H pH 1.


Li bnh: Bi ton ba thnh phn hay gp v kh.
Khi hn hp nhiu kim loi tc dng vi hn hp axit th dng nh lut bo ton mol electron v
phng php ion electron gii cho nhanh. So snh tng s mol electron cho v nhn bin lun
xem cht no ht, cht no d
Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2011.
Cu 30: p n B
- Phn ng cng H2: n H2 0,05 2n X loi C. M X

1, 625
65.
0, 025

- Phn ng trng bc: n Ag 0,1 4n X loi D.


- Gi s p n l B: Gi s mol ca OHCCH2CHO l x, OHCCHO l y
x + y = 0,025 v 72x + 58y = 1,625 x = 0,0125; y = 0,0125 Tha mn.
Li bnh: Bi tp hay v anehit. Hc sinh phi kt hp vi cc p n gii. Cu hi tng t thi
i hc khi B 2011.
Cu 31: p n C

%mO 35,96% MX 89 R R 29 C2H5 R l CH2 v R l CH3.


- Cc phn ng:
H2 NCH2COOCH3 NaOH H2 NCH2COONa CH3OH
CH3OH HCHO 4Ag
n CH3OH

1 34,56
.
0, 08mol n X m 0, 08.89 7,12 gam.
4 108

Li bnh: Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2011.


Cu 32: p n B
Cu hi d v cng thc tng qut ca cc cht hu c.
Trang 231/305

Cu 33: p n B
- Phn ng chy: C

2n H2O
nM

n CO2
nM

3 ankin l C3H4;

3, 2 anehit l C3H2Ox. Ch c x = 1 tha mn anehit l CHC - CHO.

- Gi s mol C3H4 v C3H2O c trong 1 mol hn hp ln lt l a v b


a b 1; 2a b 1,6 a 0,6; b 0, 4 %n C3H2O 40%.
Cu 34: p n D
Cu hi d phn iu ch axeton.
Cu 35: p n A

nAl (OH )3 0, 02mol

Ti A:
K Al OH 4 HCl Al OH 3 NaCl H 2O
0, 02mol 0, 02mol
nHCl 0,02mol V 0, 2l 200ml
Ti B: Lng kt ta ti A v B l nh nhau nAl (OH )3 0,02mol

K Al OH 4 HCl Al OH 3 NaCl H 2O
0, 04

0, 04 0, 04

Al OH 3 3HCl AlCl3 3H 2O
0,02

0,06

nHCl 0,1mol V 1l 1000ml


Cu 36: p n B
Cu hi d v amin.

%N= 23,3% Mamin = 59 amin l C3H9N c 4 ng phn.


Cu 37: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt v amino axit.
Hp cht H2NCH2COOH3NCH3 l mui ca amin ch khng phi este.
Cu 38: p n A
Cu hi d v phn ng thy phn khng hon ton peptit.
Cc tripeptit cha Phe thu c gm:
Pro Gly Phe
Gly Phe Ser
Phe Ser Pro
Ser Pro Phe
Trang 232/305

Pro Phe Arg


Cu 39: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v cu trc mng ca polime.
Cu 40: p n B
V C5H10O2 thuc loi hp cht hu c n chc, khi phn ng vi NaOH to mui v ancol hp
cht thuc loi este.
Este khng c phn ng trng bc khng c dng HCOOR. Cc cu to tha mn l:
CH3 COO CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3 COO CH(CH3)2
CH3 CH2 COO CH2 CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 COO CH3
(CH3)2CH COO CH3
Cu 41: p n C
Cu hi d v tnh cht ha hc ca kim loi.
Cc kim loi u c phn ng tr Ag nn c 6 oxit c to thnh.
Cu 42: p n B
- Bo ton in tch: 3z 0,12 t 0,02.2 3z t 0,08 1 .
- Dung dch Y gm: 0,015mol Ba2+ v 0,22mol OH-. Cho Y vo X c cc phn ng:
Ba 2 SO 4 2 BaSO 4
0, 015

0, 02

0, 015

H OH H 2 O
0,12

0,12

Al 3OH Al OH 3
3

mBaSO4 3, 495 gam m Al OH 1,56gam n Al OH 0, 02mol


3

n-OH tao ket tua 0, 06mol 0, 22 0,12 0,1 mol.

Al3 3OH Al OH 3
0, 02
Al

0, 06

4OH AlO 2 2H 2O

Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3

0, 01 0, 04
0,02 0,06
Al3+ + 4OH- AlO2- + 2H2O
0,01 0,04
z = 0,02 + 0,01 = 0,03. Thay vo (1) t = 0,17.
Ch : Kt ta sinh ra gm BaSO4 v Al(OH)3; Al(OH)3 c tnh lng tnh nn tan trong dung dch
KOH
Cu 43: p n B
- 100 mol H3BO3 c m = 6181 gam.
- Gi s trong 100 mol B c x mol 10B v (100 x) mol 11B

Trang 233/305

10x 11. 100 x 10,81.100 x 19 n 11 B 81 m11B 11.81 891 gam


%m 11 B

891.100
14, 42%.
6181

Li bnh: Cu hi hay phn ng v.


Cu 44: p n D
Cu hi thng gp v phn ng thy luyn.
- Dung dch thu c cha mt mui mui l Al(NO3)3.
- Cht rn thu c gm 2 kim loi 2 kim loi l Zn v Ag.
Cu 45: p n A
- X tc dng vi NaHCO3 X c nhm COOH loi D v C.
- Mui sinh ra c phn ng vi Na mui c nhm OH X c nhm OH.
- Hi ca X khng tc dng vi CuO un nng nhm OH dng ancol bc III.
Cu 46: p n C
Trong 900 tn gang c 810 tn Fe mquang Fe3O4

810.232.100.100
1521,87 tn
56.3.75.98

Cu 47: p n A
Cu hi d phn tng hp hu c.
Cc cht c phn ng trng bc gm: HCHO, HCOOH, HCOOCH3.
Cu 48: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt tng hp v cc cht v c.
Cc phng trnh phn ng to n cht gm:

2H 2S SO2 3S 2H 2O
Na 2S2 O3 H 2SO4 Na 2SO4 SO2 S H 2O
SiO 2 2Mg 2MgO Si
2Ag O3 Ag 2O O 2
Cu 49: p n D
- MX = 44,8; MY = 49,2.
- Gi cng thc chung ca 2 amin l CnH2n+3N. V MY = 49,2 n = 2,3. Gi s c 1mol Y V1 =
22,4.

C2,3H7,6 N 8, 4O 2,3CO2 3,8H 2O


1mol

8, 4mol
C2,3H7,6N + 8,4O 2,3CO2 + 3,8H2O
1mol
8,4mol

mO 134, 4 n X 3 V2 67, 2 V1 : V2 1: 3.

Bi 50: p n A
Cu hi quen thuc v phn phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cn bng: C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 C6H5COOK + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O.

Trang 234/305

1D

2A

3C

4A

P N S 13
5A
6D
7C

11D

12C

13A

14B

15C

16A

17B

18A

19B

20B

21A

22A

23D

24A

25D

26B

27A

28D

29A

30B

31A

32A

33B

34D

35C

36D

37A

38D

39B

40C

41C

42C

43D

44D

45D

46C

47A

48B

49B

50C

8B

9C

10B

HNG DN GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n D
Cc ng phn ca este C4H6O2:
H COO CH = CH CH3 (c ng phn hnh hc)
H COO CH2 CH = CH2
H COO C(CH3) = CH2
CH3 COO CH = CH2
CH2 = CH COO CH3
Cu hi thng gp v phn ng phn ca este.
Cch vit ng phn este
- Bc 1: Tnh bt bo ha k v da vo tnh cht c trng d on hp cht hu c
- Bc 2: Vit ng phn bt u t HCOO.. tng dn n khi ht este hoc m ng phn
Cu 2: p n A
Cu hi thc t.
Cu 3: p n C
Cu hi d v tnh cht ha hc ca cc gluxit.
Hai cht tham gia phn ng trng gng l glucoz v mantoz.
Cu 4: p n A
Bi ton v phn ng t chy cc cht hu c.
- Bo ton O ta c: n H2O = n O/H2O = 2(

21-11,2
) = 0,875 (mol)
22,4

11,2
22,4
= 0,25 (mol)
1,5

0,875 n (Y+Z) =
C(Y+Z) <

0,5
C CH3-NH2 (Y).
0,25

Cu 5: p n A
- Phn t amoniac c cng thc NH3.
- C 2 hng chn N (v N c 2 ng v).
- Cc hng chn H:
+ Nu cc nguyn t H trong NH3 u ging nhau: c 3 hng chn.
+ Nu cc nguyn t H trong NH3 u khc nhau: c 1 hng chn.
+ Nu c 2 nguyn t H trong NH3 ging nhau v khc vi nguyn t cn li: 6 hng chn.
C 10 hng khc nhau chn H c 10.2 = 20 kiu phn t NH3.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v phn ng v.
Trang 235/305

Cu 6: p n D
Cng thc chung ca hn hp l: Cn H2n-2O2 . Gi: n H2O = x n hh = n CO2 - n H2O = 0,18 - x
Bo ton khi lng ta c: 3,42 =120,18 + 2x + 162(0,18-x) x = 0,15
mX - mdd Ca(OH)2 = (mCO2 + mH2O ) - m = (440,18 + 180,15) - 18 = -7,38 (gam)

Li bnh: Cu hi kh v phn ng t chy cc cht hu c. Tuy nhin nu hc sinh nhn ra im


chung ca cc cht trong hn hp th bi ton s n gin hn rt nhiu.
Cu 7: p n C
Cu hi d v cu to ca peptit.
Ch c (Y) tha mn.
Cu 8: p n B
Bi ton c bn v phn ng thy phn v trng bc ca cacbohidrat. Cu hi tng t thi i hc
khi B 2012.
- X gm: saccaroz (d 0,005 mol); mantoz (d 0,0025 mol); glucoz (0,03 mol); fructoz (0,015
mol).
- Br2 ch phn ng vi mantoz (0,0025 mol) v glucoz (0,03 mol) nBr phn ng = nglucoz + nmantoz
2
= 0,0325mol.
Cu 9: p n C
Bi tp quen thuc v tnh axit, baz ca amino axit.
- X c cng thc chung l NH2-C2H4-COOH n X = 0,3 mol .
- Coi HCl phn ng va vi hn hp gm X v NaOH nHCl = nX + nNaOH nNaOH = 0,5 0,3 =
0,2mol V = 200ml.
Cu 10: p n B
- Bo ton khi lng: mH2O = mX + mO2 - mCO2 = 21,5 +

28,7.32 44.106,25
= 15,75 gam
22,4
100

-X gm cc anehit n chc n X = n O (X) = n O (CO2 ) + n O (H2O) - n O (O2 )


Bo ton nguyn t i vi O: n X = n O(X) =
M RCHO < M X =

2.106, 25 15, 75 2.28, 7


+
= 0, 4375 mol
100
18
22, 4

21,5
= 49,14 RCHO l anehit no, n chc.
0,4375

- n CH2 =CH-CHO = n CO2 - n H2O =

106,25 15,75
= 0,1875 mol
100
18

mX = (R+29).(0,4375-0,1875) + 56.0,1875 = 21,5 R = 15 (CH3)


Anehit cn tm l CH3CHO.
Li bnh: Bi tp kh v anehit. Hc sinh cn vn dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t.
Cu 11: p n D
C cc tiu phn sau: O2, Al3+, Ca, Mg. Hy sp xp cc tiu phn trn theo chiu gim dn kch
thc (bn knh).
A. Mg > Ca > Al3+> O2.

B. Ca > Mg > Al3+> O2.

C. Mg > Ca > O2> Al3+.

D. Ca > Mg > O2> Al3+.

Trang 236/305

Li bnh: Cu hi hay phn so snh bn knh ca cc nguyn t v ion.


- V bn knh t l thun vi s lp e v Ca (4 lp e); Mg(3 lp e); O2(2 lp e); Al3+(2 lp e) bn
knh ca Ca > Mg > (O2, Al3+).
- Mt khc, vi cc ion c cng s e do bn knh t l nghch vi in tch ht nhn O2> Al3+.
Cu 12: p n C
- Dng bo ton khi lng M X =

165-150
=100 .
0,15

- n NaOH 0,3mol 2n este v phn ng x phng ha este xy ra hon ton nn c 2 trng hp:
1. Nu este n chc este l C5H8O2 (RCOOR).
Cht rn gm 0,15mol RCOONa v 015mol NaOH d R = 41 (C3H5)
Cng thc cu to ca este l:
CH2 = CH CH2 COO CH3
CH3 CH = CH COO CH3 (c ng phn hnh hc)
CH2 = C(CH3) COO CH3
2. Nu este 2 chc CTPT ca este l C3O4 loi.
Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng x phng ha v ng phn ca este.
Cu 13: p n A
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 14: p n B
Cu hi thc t.
Cu 15: p n C
- Cc phn t: C2H2, CO2, BF3 i xng khng phn cc.
- m in ca O ln hn N nn phn t H2O phn cc hn so vi NH3.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh phn lin kt ha hc v i hi hc sinh bit c dng hnh hc ca cc phn
t.
Cu 16: p n A
Gi X: (NH2)bR(COOH)a MX = R + 16b + 45a.
- Mui to thnh khi tc dng vi HCl: (ClNH3)bR(COOH)a Mmui amoni = MX + 36,5b = 169,5 (I).
- Mui to thnh khi tc dng vi NaOH: (NH2)bR(COONa)a Mcacboxylat = MX + 22a = 177 (II).

a = 2
M X = 133 R=27: C2 H3
T (I), (II) 7,5 = 22a 36,5b
b = 1
Vy CTPT ca X l: C4H7NO4
Cu 17: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt v cc hp cht hu c.
A. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam
Sai v: Ancol c t nht hai nhm OH cnh nhau mi phn ng vi Cu(OH)2
B. Etylamin phn ng vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh.
C. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng
Sai v: Benzen khng phn ng nc brom nhit thng
D. Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui iazoni.
Sai v: Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui phenol; mun thu c mui
Trang 237/305

iazoni th iu kin phn ng l 0 50C


Cu 18: p n A
Dng dung dch NaOH nhn ra:
- Al v cht ny tan v to kh khng mu.
- Al2O3 v cht ny tan v khng to kh.
- Mg khng tan.
Cu 19: p n B
Cu hi thng gp v ng phn ca cht bo.
12 loi cht bo = (4b) (3trieste/b).
Ch : 4 b = ABC, ABD, ACD, BCD.
Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng x phng ha v ng phn ca este.
Cu 20: p n B
H2SO4
[C6 H7 O2 (OH)3 ] n(CH3CO)2O
[C6 H7 O2 (OCOCH3 )n (OH)3n ] nCH3COOH
to

(M X 162 42n)
0, 08
M X 162 42n 123n n 2
n
Vy cng thc ca X l [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)2OH]n.
n CH3COOH 0, 08 n X

Li bnh: Cu hi kh phn xenluloz. Hc sinh cn nh phn ng xenluloz tc dng vi anhirit


axetic to ra xenluloz axetat.
Cu 21: p n A
T gi thit tnh c: n Cl2 = 0,24 ; n O2 = 0,26
Gi s mol trong Y: Mg (x mol); Al (y mol).

0,55.24

%m Mg
100% 77, 74%

16,98
BTKL : 24x 27y 16,98 x 0,55

BTe : 2x 3y 1,52
y 0,14 %m 0,14.27 100% 22, 26%
Al

16,98
Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v kim loi.
Cu 22: p n A
Cu hi d phn ng phn ca aren.
Cc CT c th c ca X l

Trang 238/305

Cu 23: p n D
Gm 3 cht: metylamin (2); lysin (5); H2N-CH2COONa (6).
Cu 24: p n A
Cu hi hay v cht bo.
kX 3 2 5 nX

n CO2 n H2O
kX 1

bc
b c 4a
5 1

Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v tnh axit/baz ca cc dung dch amin, amino axit.


Cu 25: p n D
Fe : 0, 2 mol
FeS : 0, 2 mol

H 2SO4
to
ZnS : 0, 4 mol
H 2S (0, 6 mol)
Zn : 0, 4 mol
S : du
S : du

0, 6.160

10%
n CuSO4 0, 6 mol Vdd CuSO4
800 ml
1, 2

Cu 26: p n B
Cu hi d v s chuyn ha ca cc cht hu c.
+H2 O
+C2 H2
men giam
men ruou
(C6 H10O5 )n
C6 H12O6

C2 H5OH
CH3COOH
CH3COOCH = CH 2
H+ , t o

Cu 27: p n A

MX

14
75 X : NH 2 -CH 2 -COOH (Gly)
18, 667%

0,945

Gly-Gly-Gly
:
mol

189

(M 189) Gly-Gly-Gly : x mol


4, 62

+H 2 O
m (gam)

Gly-Gly :
mol
xt, t o
132
(Q 246) Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly : x mol

3, 75

Gly : 75 mol

0,945 4, 62 3, 75
189 3 132 2 75 1

BT(Gly) m
(189 246) 8,389 (gam).
3 4

Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng thy phn khng hon ton ca peptit.


Cu 28: p n D
Cu hi thc t.
t
2Mg + CO2
2MgO + C
Do Mg v Al chy trong CO2, theo phn ng:
o
t
2Al2 O3 + 3C
2Al + 3CO2
o

Cu 29: p n A
Ti A: nH 0, 2.0,1 0,02mol

K Al OH 4 HCl Al OH 3 NaCl H 2O
0, 02 0, 02

nAl (OH )3 0,02mol mAl (OH )3 0,02.78 1,56 gam


Ti B: Lng kt ta ti A v B l nh nhau nAl (OH )3 0,02mol
Trang 239/305

K Al OH 4 HCl Al OH 3 NaCl H 2O
a

Al OH 3 3HCl AlCl3 3H 2O
0,1-a
3

0,1-a

nAl (OH )3 0, 02mol a


x

0,1 a
0, 02 a 0, 04
3

0, 04
0, 2 M
0.2

Cu 30: p n B
Cu hi n gin v cng thc tng qut ca cc cht hu c.
Anehit no, mch h, 2 chc c 2 lin kt C=O (nm trong nhm chc) v 2 O.
Cu 31: p n A
Cu hi hay gp v phn loi polime theo phn ng tng hp.
C 4 cht polime trng ngng l: (4) PPF; (7) nilon-7; (8) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (13) keo dn urefomanehit.
Cu 32: p n A

Gly :

Ala :

Val :

22,5
mol
75
17,8
xt, t o
mol
Tripeptit H 2O
89
11, 7
mol
117

2 22,5 17,8 11, 7


BTKL
n H2 O

m 22,5 17,8 11, 7 18.0, 4 44,8 (gam).


0, 4 (mol)
3 75
89 117

Vy khi lng hn hp X thu c l m = 44,8 gam.


Li bnh: Cu hi kh v phn ng trng ngng ca amino axit.
Cu 33: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt kh i hi hc sinh nh nhiu cc kin thc l thuyt v vt liu polime Lp 12.
C 3 nhn nh khng ng: (2); (4); (6).
(2) Keo h tinh bt c to ra bng cch ha tan tinh bt trong nc.
Khi nu tinh bt th mi thnh h tinh bt c.
(4) Nha novolac l cht rn, kh nng chy, kh tan trong dung mi hu c.
Nha novolac d nng chy, d tan trong dung mi hu c
(6) Cao su thin nhin khng dn in, c th tan trong xng, benzen v c tnh do.
Cao su thin nhin c tnh n hi.
Cu 34: p n D

Fe3+ : 0, 03 mol
2+

H + : 0,4 mol

Fe : 0, 03 mol

NO3 : 0,07 mol


dd 2
Cu 2+ : 0, 03 mol
SO4 : 0,2 mol
Fe : 0, 06 mol
0, 2

Na + : 0,07 mol

+
0, 2 lit 200ml

VBa(OH)2
4H+ NO3 3e NO 2H 2O
1
Cu : 0, 03 mol
0,28 0,07 0,21
H : 0,12 mol
Na + : 0, 07 mol

SO 24 : 0, 2 mol
Trang 240/305

Li bnh: Dng bi tp quen thuc: kim loi + NO3- + H+ . Cn lu v trong hn hp kim loi bi cho
c Fe.
Cu 35: p n C
- Cng thc cc cht: axit metacrylic C4H6O2; axit adipic C6H10O4; axit axetic C2H4O2; glixerol
C3H8O3. V s mol axit axetic v axit metacrylic bng nhau nn thay 2 cht ny bng cht mi c cng
thc C3H5O2.
- Gi s mol cc cht: C6H10O4; C3H5O2 v C3H8O3 c trong 13,36 gam hn hp ln lt l x, y v z

146x 73y 92z 13,36 73 2x y 92z 13,36 1 .


- t chy hn hp X n CO2 6x 3y 3z . Hp th CO2 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 theo bi ta c
cc phn ng:
CO2 Ba OH 2 BaCO3 H 2O

2CO2 Ba OH 2 Ba HCO3 2

n CO2 n BaCO3 2 n Ba OH n BaCO3 0,51 6x 3y 3z 0,51 2x y z 0,17 2 .


2

Gii h (1) v (2) 2x y 0,12 v z 0,5. z = 0,5.


- Cho X tc dng vi KOH ch c C6H10O4 v C3H5O2 phn ng:
n -KOH phan ung 2x y 0,12 mol n H2O cht rn thu c gm 2 mui v 0,02 mol KOH d

mrn = maxit mKOH mH 2O 13,36 92.0,05 0,14.56 0,12. 18 14, 44 gam.


Li bnh: Bi tp kh v phn ng t chy hn hp cht hu c. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi
A 2014. Ch hp th CO2 vo Ba(OH)2 sinh ra hai mui v c kt ta v un dung dch li thu
c kt ta na.
Cu 36: p n D
Theo thng bng electron: 3As2S3 + 28HNO3 + 4H2O 6H3AsO4 + 9H2SO4 + 28NO.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v phn ng oxi ha kh. Ci kh ca phng trnh ny l c nhiu
nguyn t thay i s oxi ha. thun tin, hc sinh c th gi nh s oxi ha cho d cn bng.
Cu 37: p n A
Nhn thy khi lng sn phm X tng so vi ancol Z ban u l khi lng ca O2 tham gia phn
ng.
Z : CH3OH (metanol)

5, 6 4
4

0,1
nZ
mol M Z
40 H
100% 80%
16
0,1
4

32

Li bnh: Cu hi hay v phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton ca ancol i hi hc sinh phi bit cch
bin lun.
Cu 38: p n D
Dng cu hi hay gp v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.
Gm 5 cht: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, Al2O3, Zn.
Cu 39: p n B
Cu hi thng gp v so snh nhit si.
Nhit si: amin < ancol < axit (3), (2) < (1) < (4).
Mt khc, nhit si ph thuc khi lng phn t (3) < (2).
Trang 241/305

Cu 40: p n C

Ca 2+ : x mol
+

Na : y mol
X
HCO3 : z mol

Cl : 0,1 mol

NaOH du

CaCO3 : 0, 04 mol min(x,z)

x 0, 04

y 0, 08

z 0, 06
Ca(OH) du

2
CaCO3 : 0, 06 mol z

Ca 2+ : 0,04 mol
+

Na : 0,08 mol
un si X n cn Rn khan 2
8, 79 gam
CO3 : 0,03 mol
Cl : 0,1 mol

Cu 41: p n C
Cu hi thng gp v phn ng x phng ha ca este.
Gm 5 cht: benzyl axetat, metyl fomat, anlyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, triolein.
Cu 42: p n C
Cu hi rt hay gp v phn ng ca xenluloz vi HNO3 c trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
o

H2SO4 , t
[C6 H 7 O2 (OH)3 ] + 3HNO3
[C6 H 7O 2 (ONO 2 )3 ] + 3H 2O
H 85%
H 85%
641,7kg
748,7kg
1000 kg

Cu 43: p n D
Cu hi phn loi polime theo cu trc thng gp Lp 12.
- C 3 polime c mch khng phn nhnh: poli(ure-fomanehit) (3); thy tinh hu c (5); PVC (7).
- C 2 polime c mch phn nhnh: amilopectin (2); glicogen (6).
- C 2 polime c mch mng khng gian: bakelit (1); cao su lu ha (4).
Cu 44: p n D
Cc yu t c th lm cn bng ni chung b chuyn dch: nhit , p sut, nng .
- Theo chiu thun, CBHH c s mol kh gim Cn tng p sut chung.
- CBHH ta nhit (H < 0) Cn gim nhit ca h.
Li bnh: Cu hi hay gp v chuyn dch cn bng ha hc.
Cu 45: p n D
Cu hi hay gp v phn ng ca hidrocacbon khng no vi H2.
Bo ton khi lng ta c: mhh kh = mY = mbnh Br2 tng + mZ

0, 448

32.0,5 1,32 gam


mbnh Br2 tng 0, 06.26 0, 04.2
22, 4

Cu 46: p n C
Cu hi d v ng phn ca amino axit.

Cu 47: p n A
n P 150mol n H3PO4 (bo ton P nu H l 100%)
Trang 242/305

n H3PO4

(thc t)

= =

150.80
120
120mol V
60 lit.
100
2

Cu 48: p n B
Cu hi thng gp v phn tng hp hu c.
Gm 3 cht: glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic.
Cu 49: p n B

NaNO3 : 0,1 mol


NaOH (0,2 mol)
CH3 NH3 NO3 (0,1 mol)
dd Y
mRan 12,5 gam
CH3 NH 2
NaOH : 0,1 mol

Cu 50: p n C
Cu hi d phn tng hp polime.
688

86
H
100% 80%
10

Trang 243/305

1A

2C

3D

4A

P N S 14
5D
6D
7A

11A

12A

13A

14B

15B

16D

17B

18D

19D

20B

21B

22D

23C

24C

25C

26A

27A

28C

29C

30A

31D

32A

33A

34A

35B

36C

37A

38D

39C

40C

41D

42A

43A

44C

45C

46C

47D

48D

49B

50A

8C

9C

10B

HNG DN GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n A
Cu hi kh phn t chy hidrocacbon .
- t chy m1 gam hn hp thu c a mol CO2 v 0,85 mol H2O.
- t chy m2 gam hn hp thu c 1,9 mol CO2 v
Ta c m1 = 12a + 0,85.2 v m2 = 1,9.12 +

1,9.0,85
mol H2O.
a

3,23
a

3,23

Ly m1 - m2 = 13,1 12a+0,85.2- 1,9.12+


=13,1
a

a = 2,9415 m1 = 12. 2,9415 + 0,85.2 = 37 (gam).

Cu 2: p n C
Khi tng nhit : T khi hn hp kh so vi H2 tng, c khi lng kh khng i s mol kh gim
cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. Mt khc khi tng nhit th cn bng chuyn dch v
pha thu nhit phn ng thun thu nhit.
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v cn bng ha hc.
Kin thc cn nh:
1) nh hng ca nng :
Khi tng nng ca cht A th cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm gim nng ca cht A v
ngc li.
2) nh hng ca p sut:
Khi tng p sut chung ca h th cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm gim p sut tc l lm gim s
phn t kh.
Ch : Khi h cn bng c s mol kh 2 v ca phng trnh ha hc bng nhau hoc trong h
khng c cht kh th vic tng hoc gim p chung khng lm cho cn bng chuyn dch.
3) nh hng ca nhit :
- Khi tng nhit ca h th cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm gim nhit , ngha l cn bng
chuyn dch v pha thu nhit.
- Khi gim nhit , cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm tng nhit , ngha l cn bng chuyn dch
v pha ta nhit.
4) Vai tr ca xc tc
Cht xc tc lm cho cn bng c thit lp nhanh chng hn, khng lm cn bng chuyn dch khi
h cn bng
Cu 3: p n D
X c ha tr cao nht trong oxit bng ha tr trong hp cht kh vi H vy X c ha tr 4 Oxit cao
nht ca X l XO2.

Trang 244/305

C:

MX
.100% = 46,667% MX = 28
M X +32

X l Si.
Cu 4: p n A
Th tch ca 1mol tinh th Zn: V =

4 3
100
.pr .6,023.1023 .
,
3
72,5

vi r = 1,38 A = 1,38.10-8 cm
Thay vo cng thc tnh khi lng ring: D =

m
, vi m = 65 gam D = 7,11(g/cm3 )
V

Li bnh: Bi tp tng i kh v khi lng ring ca nguyn t . gp trong thi i hc khi


A 2011.
Cu 5: p n D
- Gi s mol N2, N2O, NO v NO2 ln lt l x, y, z, x
2x + y + z = 0,5 1
- V t khi ca Z so vi He l 8,9 nn 74x + 44y + 30z = 17,8 2

x + y = 0,2
T (1) v (2)
x + z = 0,3
NO3 4H 3e NO 2H 2O
4z

2NO3 10H 8e N 2O 5H 2O 2NO3 12H 10e N 2 6H 2O


10y

12x

n HNO3 = 14x + 10y + 4z = 4 x + z +10 x + y = 3,2


Li bnh: Bi ton hay v rt thng gp v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3. y l cu hi kh c
tc dng phn loi hc sinh. Hc sinh gii c phi bit cch ghp n.
Cu 6:p n D
Cu hi l thuyt v hp cht cacbonyl.
A. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm bn.
Sn phm bn l xianohidrin
B. Anehit fomic tc dng c vi nc to thnh sn phm khng bn.
C. Oxi ha etilen iu kin thch hp thu c etanal.
xt ,t
2CH3CHO
2CH2 = CH2 + O2
0

D. Axeton v axetanehit u phn ng c vi nc brom.


Cu 7:p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v phn ng trao i trong dung dch.
(1) BaCl2 + Na2CO3 BaCO3 + 2NaCl
(2) NaOH v AlCl3 Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
NaOH + Al(OH)3 NaAlO2 + 2H2O
(3) BaCl2 + NaHSO4 Ba(HSO4)2 + 2HCl + Na2SO4
(4) Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2H2O
Trang 245/305

(5) AlCl3 + 3K2CO3 +3H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3CO2 + 6KCl


(6) Pb(NO3)2 + Na2S PbS + 3NaNO3
Cu 8:p n C
Bi ton hay gp v phn ng ca NaOH vi dung dch H3PO4.
Ta c: 1 < nNaOH : nH3PO4 = 0,25 : 0,16 < 2 to mui H2PO4- v HPO42-.
Cu 9:p n C
Li bnh: Cu hi quen thuc v cu trc ca polime.
Polime mch khng phn nhnh:
- Xenluloz l mt polime hp thnh t cc mt xch -glucoz ni vi nhau bi cc lin kt -1,4
glicozit, phn t xenlulozo khng phn nhnh.
- Cao su thin nhin l polime ca isopren.
- T capron l nhng phn t polime khng phn nhnh sp xp song song vi nhau.
- Trong phn t amiloz cc gc -glucoz ni vi nhau bi lin kt -1,4-glicozit to chui khng
phn nhnh.
Cu 10:p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v cc halogen v hp cht.
- (a) sai v Cl2 c c tnh kh.
- (d) sai v t HF n HI tnh axit tng.
Cu 11:p n A
- Pentapeptit l Ala - Gly - Ala - Gly - Gly c s mt xch Ala/Gly = 2/3.
- S mol cc sn phm thy phn khng hon ton: nAla - Gly - Ala - Gly = 0,12; nAla - Gly - Ala = 0,05; nAla - Gly
- Gly = 0,08; nAla - Gly = 0,18; nAla = 0,1 nAla (trong X) = 0,7 nGly(trong X) = 1,05.
- Gi s c x mol Gly - Gly c 10x mol Gly
2x 10 x 1,05 0,12.2 0,05 0,08.2 0,18 0, 42
x = 0,035 Tng khi lng Gly - Gly v Gly c trong hn hp sn phm l:
m = 0,035.132 + 0,35.75 = 30,87 (gam).

Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng thy phn peptit.


Cu 12: p n A.
Dung dch hai baz cha Ba2+ a mol, Na+ b mol, OH- (2a + b) mol.
- TN1: 0,3 mol CO2 + dd: Ba2+ a mol, Na+ b mol, OH- (2a + b) mol 0,2 mol BaCO3 kt ta.
- TN2: 0,6 mol CO2+ dd: Ba2+ a mol, Na+ b mol, OH- (2a + b) mol 0,1 mol BaCO3 kt ta.
TN2: Phn ng ca CO2 vi OH- trc tip to ra CO32- v HCO3- thu c BaCO3 0,1 mol v dd
c Na+ b mol, Ba2+ d (a - 0,1) mol, HCO3- 0,5 mol 2 a 0,1 b 0,5 2a b 0,7.
TN1: nOH 2nCO2 Phn ng ca CO2 vi OH- trc tip to ra CO32- v OH- d
thu c BaCO3 0,2 mol v dung dch Na+, CO32- 0,1 mol, OH- d

n Ba 2+

= a = 0,2 b = 0,3.

Cu 13: p n A
Cu hi v mi quan h chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c.
Cht hu c: A3 (axetilen), A4 (vinylaxetilen), A5 (butaien), cao su buna.
CaCO3 CaO CaC2 CH CH C C-C=C C=C-C=C cao su buna
Cu 14: p n B
Trang 246/305

V chn gi tr nh nht ca m nn dung dch B cn HCl d n HCl = n K + 2n ZnO

n 2.0, 23 2.0,15 0,16

K
m = 0,16 . 39 = 6,24 (gam).
Cu 15: p n B

Cu hi l thuyt phn tng hp hu c d.


Dung dch va ho tan Cu(OH)2 va lm mt mu nc brom l glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic.
Cu 16:p n D
- 3e

Al3+

5x-2y

Al

xN5+ + (5x-2y) xN +2y/x

(5x-2y)Al + 18x-6y HNO3 (5x-2y)Al(NO3 )3 + 3Nx Oy + 9x-3y H2O


Li bnh: Cu hi quen thuc phn cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh . Ci kh ca bi tp l s oxi
ha ca cc nguyn t cn dng n.
Cu 17: p n B
Bi tp d ch cn s dng bo ton electron l c.
Dng bo ton electron ta c: 3n Al = 2 nSO2 n Al = 0,3(mol) mAl 27. 0,3 = 8,1 (gam)
Cu 18:p n D
Cu hi d.
- So snh gia K v Na th K to nhiu H2 hn (v MK > MNa).
- So snh gia Ca v Ba th Ca to nhiu H2 hn (v MCa< MBa).
- Na to 1/2H2 v Ca to H2. M Na

1
M Ca Ca to nhiu H2 hn.
2

Cu 19:p n D
Cho t t HCl vo NaAlO2 ban u c kt ta Al(OH)3 sau kt ta tan
Cho t t NH3 vo ZnSO4 ban u c kt ta Zn(OH)2 sau kt ta tan
Cho t t CO2 vo Ca(OH)2 ban u c kt ta CaCO3 sau kt ta tan
Cho t t SO2 vo H2S xut hin kt ta, lng kt ta ln dn
SO2 + H2S S + 2H2O
Cu 20:p n B
Dng bo ton e ta c: n Fe2+ + n Cl- = 5n MnO4
0,1 + 0,1.2 = 5.0,5.V V = 0,12 (lit)
Phn ng quen thuc ca mui st (II) vi dung dch KMnO4. Hc sinh cn lu Cl cng ng vai
tr cht kh.
Cu 21: p n B
Cc cu to tha mn:

CH2 C CH3 CH CH CH3

CH3 2 C

(c ng phn hnh hc)

CH CH CH2

CH2 CH C CH3 CH CH3

(c ng phn hnh hc)


Trang 247/305

CH2 C CH3 C CH3 CH2


Li bnh: Cu hi quen thuc v ng phn ca hidrocacbon.
iu kin xy ra ng phn cis
+ c ni i
+ 2 nhm th th vo cng 1 nguyn t C cha ni i phi ging nhau
iu kin c ng phn trans
c ni i
+ 2 nhm th th vo cng 1 nguyn t C cha ni i phi khc nhau
Mt cht c th ch c ng phn cis hoc trans hoc c c 2
Cu 22:p n D
- t chy hidrocacbon cho t l th tch ca CO2 v H2O tng ng l 6:7 hidrocacbon l ankan
C6H14.
- V c 2 nguyn t C bc III c 2 nhnh 2C khc nhau.
Bi tp d v phn ng t chy v ng phn ca ankan.
Cu 23:p n C

n OH 2n H2 n H 0, 2.2 0,5.0, 2.2 0, 2 (mol)

.
Cho Ba(HCO3)2 vo X th kt ta thu c gm BaSO4 (0,1mol) v BaCO3 (0,2mol)
Vy khi lng kt ta l: m = 0,1.233 + 0,2.197 = 62,7 (gam) .
Cu 24: p n C
Cu hi d v s chuyn ha gia Fe v hp cht ca st.
Cu 25: p n C
Cc phn ng to ra hidrocacbon: (1); (2); (3); (4); (6).

Al4 C3 + H 2 O Al(OH)3 + CH 4
CaC2 + HCl C2 H 2 + CaCl 2
CaO
CH3COONa + NaOH
CH 4 + Na 2CO3

CAg CAg + 2HCl CH CH + 2AgCl


0

2SO4 ,t
C2 H 5OH H

CH 2 =CH 2

Cu 26: p n A
X thy phn c trong nc nng X l dn xut loi anlyl. Thy phn X ancol Y. Oxi ha Y
thu c Z khng c phn ng trng gng Z l xeton Y l ancol bc II.
Cc cng thc cu to ca X:

CH2 CH CHCl CH2 CH3


CH3 CH CH CHCl CH2
CH2 C CH-3 CHCl CH3
Cu 27:p n A
- X: CH3 - CH2 - COOH ; Y: NH3
- X: CH3 - COOH ; Y: CH3 - NH2
- X: HCOOH ; Y: CH3 - CH2 - NH2 hoc CH3 - NH - CH3
Cu 28: p n C
Trang 248/305

Bi tp thng gp v amino axit.


- nNaOH = 2nX X c 2 nhm COOH loi A v D.
- nX = nHCl X c 1 nhm NH2; mX = mmui mHCl = 2,94 MX = 147 chn C.
Cu 29: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v nit v photpho nhng i hi hc sinh phi nh tn nguyn t.
X l N; Y l P C sai v iu kin thng P hot ng ha hc mnh hn N2.
Cu 30: p n A
Bi tp d v phn ng t chy hidrocacbon.

VH2O = 1,6 ; VCO2 = 1,3 VO2 d = 0,5


VO2 dng = 2,0 = VCO2 /hidrocacbon +
VCO2 / hidrocacbon = 1,2(lit)

1
VH O
2 2

C 1,2 3
=
=
H 3,2 8

Cu 31:p n D
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
V kh c kh nng lm hng phenolphtalein kh c to c dung dch c tnh baz.
Cu 32: p n A
t s mol ca CxHyCOOH, CxHyCOOCH3 v CH3OH ln lt l a, b v c mol

a b 0, 03
ac

b c 0, 03
2,76 gam hn hp X c n C = n CO2 = 0,12; n H = 2n H2O = 0,1.2 = 0,2

n O = 0,07 2a + 2b + c = 0,07 3a + 2b = 0,07


a = c = 0,01, b = 0,02.
Coi hn hp X gm CxHyCOOCH3 (0,03 mol) v H2O (0,01 mol).
- Da vo phn ng chy 0,03(x + 2) = 0,12 x = 2
0,03(y + 3) + 0,01.2 = 0,2 y = 3
Axit C2H3COOH.
Li bnh: Bi tp t chy hn hp cht hu c. Cu hi kh gp trong thi cao ng 2010.
Cu 33:p n A
Gi s mol axit axetic, ancol propylic v p crezol c trong hn hp ln lt l x, y v z ta c h:

60 x 60 y 108 z 28,8

x y z
2 2 2 0, 2
z = 0,1.
Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng ca hn hp cht hu c vi Na.
Cht tc dng vi Na : nhng cht c nhm -OH (ancol, phenol, axit, nc)
Cu 34: p n A
- Sn phm hp nc ca propen: CH3 - CH2 - CH2OH (x mol);
CH3 - CHOH - CH3 (y mol) c M = 60.
- MX = 46 ancol cn li l CH3OH (z mol).
- mng s gim = mO (CuO) nCuO pu 0, 2 n X x y z 0, 2 1
Trang 249/305

CH3 CH 2 CH 2OH CH3 CH 2 CHO 2Ag


CH3OH HCHO 4Ag

n Ag 2x 4z 0, 45 2 .
mX 60x 60y 32z 46.0, 2 9, 2 3 .
T (1), (2), (3) x = 0,025 mol, y = 0,075 mol, z = 0,1 mol.
Cu 35: p n B
- Dng dung dch CuSO4 nhn ra dung dch NaOH do to Cu(OH)2.
- Dng Cu(OH)2 nhn bit cc dung dch cn li:
+ Vi glixerol to ra dung dch mu xanh lam.
+ Glucoz to ra dung dch xanh, un nng li c kt ta gch.
+ Lng trng trng to c dung dch mu tm.
+ HCOOH to c dung dch xanh, un nng li c kt ta gch.
+ CH3COOH ch to c dung dch mu xanh.
Cu 36:p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng thy phn ca este trong mi trng axit.
Cu 37:p n A
- uy i hn hp thnh: Fe (x mol) v O2 (y mol) 56x 32y 32, 4
- p dng bo ton electron ta c: 3x 0,15.1 0,1.3 4y 0, 45 4y
x 0, 45; y 0, 225.

Theo bo ton N n HNO3 = 3.0,45 + 0,15 + 0,1 = 1,6 .


Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca HNO3 vi cht kh.Hc sinh phi bit dng phng
php quy i th vic gii ton mi d dng.
Cu 38: p n D
Cc th nghim to O2 gm: (2); (4); (5); (7); (8); (10).

CuSO 4 + H 2O Cu + H 2SO 4 + 1 O 2
2
2F2 + 2H 2 O O 2 + 4HF
Ba(NO3 ) 2 Ba(NO 2 ) 2 + 1 O 2
2
2KI + H 2 O + O3 I 2 + 2KOH + O2
dpnc
4NaOH
4Na + O 2 + 2H 2 O

2KMnO4 K 2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O 2


Cu 39:p n C
MB = 23, Hn hp kh B c 1 kh ha nu trong khng kh Hn hp B c H2 0,02 mol, NO 0,06
mol NO3-, H+ u ht.
nMgphn ng = 0,19mol ne cho = 0,38mol.
to ra H2 v NO th ne nhn = 2.0,02 + 3.0,06 = 0,22mol < 0,38mol .
cn to NH4+ 0,02 mol. Mui thu c gm Mg2+ 0,19 mol, K+ 0,08 mol, NH4+ 0,02 mol, SO420,24 mol.
Khi lng mui trong dung dch A = 31,08 gam.
Cu 40:p n C
Cu hi thng gp phn cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh.
Trang 250/305

C6H5-CH2-CH2-CH3 + 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 C6H5COOH + CH3COOH + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 4H2O


Cu 41: p n D
Cc hp cht n chc ng vi cng thc C2H4O2 l:
- CH3COOH: phn ng vi Na, NaOH, NaHCO3.
- HCOOCH3: phn ng vi NaOH, AgNO3/NH3.
Ch hp cht c 2 nguyn t Cacbon v 2 nguyn t Oxi m l hp cht n chc vy ch c th l
axit hoc este.
Cu 42: p n A
To kt ta l cc th nghim (2), (3), (5), (6)
(2) H2S + CuSO4 CuS + H2SO4
(3) CO2 + Na2SiO3 Na2CO3 + H2SiO3
(5) 6NH3 + Al2(SO4)3 + 6H2O 3(NH4)2SO4 + 2Al(OH)3 (kt ta keo trng)
(6) Ba(OH)2 + Al2(SO4)3 BaSO4 + Al(OH)3
Cu 43: p n A
X l xeton. Cc cu to ca X l:
C6H5 - CO - CH2 - CH3
C6H5 - CH2 - CO - CH3
CH3 -C6H4 -CO - CH3 (3 ng phn cu to: o, m, p)
Cu 44: p n C
Li bnh: Cu hi v phn phn ng oxi ha kh . Hc sinh phi nm c khi nim phn ng oxi
ha kh ni phn t.
Cc cht c phn ng nhit phn thuc loi phn ng oxi ha - kh ni phn t l: KClO3; KNO3;
NH4NO2; KMnO4
Phn ng oxy ha ni phn t l phn ng trong nguyn t ng vai tr oxy ha v nguyn t ng
vai tr kh nm trong phn t cng moogj cht
2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
2KClO3 2KCl + 3 O2
KNO3 KNO2+ 1/2O2
NH4NO2 N2O + 2H2O
Cu 45: p n C
Cu hi thng gp v tnh axit baz ca cc dung dch.
Cu 46: p n C
- Th t cc phn ng:
Al 3Ag Al3 3Ag
Al 3Fe3 Al3 3Fe 2
2Al 3Cu 2 2Al3 3Cu
2Al 3Fe2 2Al3 3Fe
3 kim loi thu c gm: Ag, Cu, Fe
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
n Ag + n Fe3+ + n Cu 2+ <n Al n Ag+ + n Fe3+ + n Cu2+ + n Fe3+
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
0,2 < n Al

0,8
5,4 < mAl < 7,2(gam) Chn C
3
Trang 251/305

Nhn xt: y l cu hi d v phn ng thy luyn. Hc sinh ch cn xc nh ng th t ca cc


phn ng l gii c.
Cu 47: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng tng hp polime.
Cu 48: p n D
Bi tp d vn dng phng php bo ton electron .
Da vo bo ton e v bo ton S ta c:
n SO2 = 2n CuFeS2 +

13
n CuFeS2 = 0,425mol V = 9,52lit .
2

Cu 49: p n B

9 0,3.2
- X phn ng vi H2: nH 2 = 3nX = 3nancol X c 3 lin kt v M X
84
0,1
- Nu X l RCHO MR = 55 (C4H7) X l C4H7CHO loi v ch c 2.
- Nu X l R(CHO)2 MR = 26 (C2H2) X l C2H2(CHO)2 nhn v c 3

n Ag 4n X 4.2,1/ 84 0,1 mAg 10,8 gam.


Cu 50: p n A

Nhn xt: Khi lng kt ta ti A v ti B l nh nhau


nNaAlO2 0,04mol
Ti A: nNaHSO4 0, 2.0,1 0,02mol

NaAlO2 NaHSO4 Na 2SO4 Al OH 3 H 2O

0, 02
Ti B: nNaHSO4 0,1a(mol )

0, 02

NaAlO 2 NaHSO 4 H 2O Na 2SO 4 Al OH 3

0,04

0,04

0,04

2Al OH 3 6NaHSO 4 Al2 SO 4 3 3Na 2SO 4 6H 2O


0,1a-0,04
0,1a-0,04
3
0,1a 0, 04
0, 04
0, 02 a 1 V a 1l 1000ml
3

Trang 252/305

P N S 15
1D

2D

3D

4A

5B

6D

7A

8D

9C

10C

11A

12C

13D

14B

15D

16B

17A

18A

19D

20A

21B

22B

23C

24C

25C

26D

27B

28B

29B

30A

31C

32D

33B

34B

35B

36A

37A

38D

39B

40B

41C

42D

43D

44D

45D

46A

47C

48C

49D

50D

HNG DN GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n D
C 1 kh ha nu trong khng kh nn kh l NO.
M kh =

5,18
= 37 kh cn li l N2O.
0,14

p dng s ng cho n NO n N2O 0,07(mol)


Gi n Al x, n Mg y .
- Bo ton e ta c; 3x + 2y = 0,07.3 + 0,07.4.2 = 0,77 (1).
- mhh 27x + 24y = 8,862 (2).

x 0, 042(mol)

y 0,322(mol)

%mAl

0, 042.27
12,8%
8,862
.

Li bnh: Bi tp hay v c bn v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3.


Hc sinh cn ch : NO2 mu nu
NO ha nu trong khng kh
N2 nh hn khng kh
N2O khng mu ( N2 v NO cng khng mu)
Cu 2: p n D
linh ng ca nguyn t H trong cc HCHC khc nhm chc c sp xp nh sau:
Axit V C > Axit hu c > H 2CO3 > Phenol > H 2O > Ru.
Nu so snh linh ng ca H ca cc hp cht cng nhm chc th:
+ Cc HCHC lin kt vi cc gc ht in t th linh ng ca nguyn t H tng
+ Cc HCHC lin kt vi cc gc y in t th linh ng nguyn t H gim
T trn ta suy ra: C2 H5OH H2O C6 H5OH CH3COOH HCOOH.
Cu 3: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt v cc cht hu c.
Cc cu ng l: 2, 3, 5, 6, 7.
Cu 4: p n A
uy i hn hp X v Na: x mol, Ba: y mol v O: z mol
23x 137y 16z 107,9.
Li c: 40x 28 x 0,7.
Trang 253/305

n H2 0,35 x 2y 2z 0,7 y z 0,6mol


n OH 1,9(mol);nSO2 0,8(mol)
C: nSO3 0,8 mBaSO3 0,6.217 130, 2 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp hay v hn hp cht v c. Hc sinh phi vn dng phng php quy i mi gii
c d dng. Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi A 2013.
Cu 5: p n B

nSO2 0, 2; n KOH 0,1;n K2CO3 0,16.


CO2

005

2OH

0,1

CO2

CO3

0,15

0,15

CO 32

H 2O

0, 05
2HCO3

H 2O

Trong dung dch c 0,06 mol CO32 n BaCO3 0,06 mol.

BaCO3
0, 06

BaO

CO2

0, 06

m-BaO 0,06.153 9,18 gam.


Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim.
Cu 6: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt thng gp v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.
Cc cht tha mn khi cng phn ng vi HCl v NaOH l: CH3COONH4, Al2O3, Zn(OH)2, KHCO3,
Al, (NH4)2CO3.
Cu 7: p n A
n Fe2O3 0,1; n H2 0,35; n Fe 2n Fe2O3 0, 2 n Al du

2 0,35 0, 2
0,1mol
3

n Al 0, 2 0,1 0,3mol m 8,1 gam.

Li bnh: Bi tp nhit nhm c bn.


Cu 8: p n D
Cc phn ng l:

Fe 2HCl FeCl2 H 2

Fe 2FeCl3 3FeCl2
Fe 2AgNO3 Fe NO3 2 2Ag

FeCl2 3AgNO3 Fe NO3 3 Ag 2AgCl


Fe NO3 2 HCl : 3Fe2 NO3 4H 3Fe3 NO 2H 2O
Fe NO3 2 AgNO3 Fe NO3 3 Ag
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt n gin.
Cu 9: p n C

n CH3COOC2H5 n CH3COOC6H5 0,02; n NaOH 0,08.


Trang 254/305

CH 3COOC2 H 5 NaOH CH 3COONa C2 H 5OH


0,02

0,02

0,02

CH 3COOC6 H 5 2NaOH CH 3COONa C6 H 5ONa H 2O


0,02

0,04

0,02

0,02

mR 0,02.40 0,04.82 0,02.116 6, 4(gam)


Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng ca hn hp este.
Cu 10: p n C

n HCO3 0,7. Khi nung X th mui HCO3- b nhit phn to cc oxit:


2HCO3 2CO2 O2 H 2O
0, 7

0,35

m 0, 15.40 0, 6.35, 5 24.0, 1 0, 35.16 0, 4.137 90, 1 (gam).

Cu 11: p n A

n NO 0,12mol; n Fe 0,15mol.
V NO l sn phm kh duy nht nn khng to NH4NO3.

m muoi mFe 62n e 8, 4 0,12.3.62 30,72 gam .


Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3.
Cu 12: p n C
a mol cht bo X c th cng hp ti a vi 4a mol Br2 nn trong cht bo X c tng s 4 lin kt
mch v 3 lin kt trong nhm COO nn cng thc phn t ca X l: CnH2n-12O6.

Cn H 2n 12O6

nCO2

na

n 6 H 2O
a(n 6)

nCO2 nH 2O

nCO2 6a b V = 22,4 6a + b
6
Li bnh: Bi ton hay v cht bo.
Ta c: nX =

Cu 13: p n D
nA = 0,09. Sau phn ng thu c phn hi c cha cht hu c bc 3 nn A khng th cha nhm
COO nn trong A phi cha gc mui nitrat. CTPT ca A l: [(CH3)3NH]NO3

CH 3 3 NHNO3

KOH

0,09

0,09

CH 3 3 N
0,09

KNO3 H 2O
0,09

Vy khi lng phn hi thu c l: m = 0,09.18 + 0,09.59 = 6,93(gam)


Li bnh: Cu hi l t gp phn hp cht hu c cha N.
Cu 14: p n B
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt n gin nhng kh nh v mng tinh th ca cc kim loi.
- Cc kim loi c dng lp phng tm khi: Li; Na; K; V; Mo; Ba; Cr...
- Cc kim loi c dng lp phng tm din: Ca; Cu; Ag; Au; Al...
- Cc kim loi c dng lp phng lc phng: Be; Mg; Zn....
Nhn t trn suy ra c p n B tha mn.
Cu 15: p n D
Trang 255/305

uy i hn hp v FeS: x mol v S: y mol.

Ta c:

88x 32y 20, 8


x=0,2

9x+6y=2,4
y=0,1

nFe 0, 2 mol nFe O 0, 1mol mR 16(gam) .


2 3

Li bnh: Bi ton hay v phn ng oxi ha kh v vn dng phng php quy i.


Cu 16: p n B
Gi nGlu = a ; nAla = b.
- Bo ton khi lng: nHCl = 0,32 (mol) a + b = 0,32 (1)

n KOH 0,5 (mol) 2a b 0,5 (2)


(1), (2) nGlu = 0,18 (mol), nAla = 0,14 (mol)

mX 147.0,18 0,14.89 38,92 (g) .


Cu 17: p n A
Cc cht trong X u c CT chung l: Cn H 2nOn

Cn H 2nOn n O2 nCO2 nH 2O
0,2

0,2

m 20 (gam) .

Li bnh: Bi ton hay v hn hp cc cht hu c. Hc sinh phi tm ra im chung ca 3 cht em


t chy mi gii bi ton d dng.
Cu 18: p n A
Cu hi d v phn ng iu ch polime.
Cc polime trng hp l: poli vinylclorua, thy tinh plexiglas, teflon, t nitron, cao su buna.
Cu 19: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt thc nghim c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2013.
Cu 20: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt thc t
Cu 21: p n B
Cu hi n gin v cn bng ha hc.
Phn ng thun ta nhit v lm gim p sut cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun phi h
nhit v tng p sut.
Cu 22: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt v polime v vt liu polime.
B sai v t visco v t axetat l t nhn to
Cu 23: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt hay gp v phn ng oxi ha kh
Cc cht ch th hin tnh kh khi m tham gia phn ng cht tng s oxi ha sau phn ng v s
oxi ha ca n l thp nht.
Cu 24: p n C

nNaAlO2 0,04mol
Trang 256/305

Khi V = b (ml) th kt ta t cc i
NaAlO2 HCl H 2O Al OH 3 NaCl
0, 04 0, 04

nNaAlO2 0,04mol nHCl 0,04mol V

n
0,04

0, 4M
CM
0,1

Khi V = a (ml) th kt ta tan ht

NaAlO2 HCl H 2 O Al OH 3 NaCl


0, 04 0, 04

0, 04

Al OH 3 3HCl AlCl3 3H 2O
0, 04

HCl

0,12

0,16mol V

n
0,16

1, 6M
CM
0,1

Cu 25: p n C

nFeCO3 nCO2 0,02mol m FeCO3 2, 32 gam

Khi lng Cu phn ng l:

mCu 36 , 56 22, 4 2, 32 11, 84 (gam) nCu 0, 185 mol

Vy khi lng cht rn l: mR = 0,185.188 + 0,02.180 = 39,38(gam).


Cu 26: p n D
Cht c dng lm kh phi c kh nng ht nc v khng phn ng vi cht c lm kh.
Cu 27: p n B
V hp cht kh vi H l RH3 oxit cao nht ca R l R2O5 %mR = 2MR.100/(2MR + 16.5) =
25,93% MR = 14 R l N.
Li bnh: Bi ton tm nguyn t c bn.
Cu 28: p n B

nH2 (1) 0, 15 mol n hh 0, 3 mol

nH2 (2) 0, 1 mol

S mol axit hoc ancol d n = 0,2 mol.


S mol este to thnh neste= 0,1 mol m este= 10,2 (gam) .
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v axit v ancol.
Cu 29: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v gluxit.
Cc cu ng l: 1, 5, 6, 7.
Cu 30: p n A
C: nKOH = 0,2 mol , nAg = 0,6 mol .
Nu andehit khng phi HCHO th n ancol = 0,3 mol >0,2 mol
B phi l CH 3OH .
mRCOOK = 19,3 0,05.56 = 16,5 (gam). M RCOOK = 110 R = 27

C2 H3 .

m 0, 15.86 12, 9 (gam).

Cu 31: p n C

nCO2 0, 14 mol nH2O 0, 17 mol. nC 2 H5OH 0,03 mol.


,
Trang 257/305

tng s mol axit v andehit l: naxit+andehit = 0,03 mol .


Gi s mol 2 cht ln lt l x v y.

x y 0, 03
x=0,02

y=0,01 m 3, 3 gam .
Ta c: 3x 2y 0, 08

mAg 2.4.0,01.108 8, 64 (gam).


Cu 32: p n D
Cc cp phn ng l: BaCl2 + Na2CO3; BaCl2 + NaHSO4; NaHCO3 + NaHSO4; Na2CO3 + NaHSO4.
Cu 33: p n B
Cu hi nhn bit n gin.
Cho vo H2O th axit axetic v glixerol tan trong nc to dung dch trong sut. Cn triolein to lp
phn cch Nhn c triolein.
Cho qu tm vo th CH3COOH lm qu ha , cn li l glixerol.
Cu 34: p n B

nK OH 0, 33 mol.
Al OH 3

Al 3 3OH
0,11 0,33

0,11

nK OH 0, 45 mol.
Al 3 3OH
x

Al OH 3

3x

Al OH OH
3

x-0,11

AlO2 2H 2O

x-0,11

3x x 0, 11 0, 45 x 0, 14 mol m 18, 69 ( gam).

Li bnh: Bi ton hay gp v phn ng ca Al3+ vi dung dch kim.


Cu 35: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v in phn.

2NaCl CuSO4 Na2 SO4 Cu Cl2


V NaCl v CuSO4 cng s mol nn NaCl ht, d CuSO4, c tip

2CuSO4 2H 2O 2Cu O2 2H 2 SO4


in phn n khi catot xut hin bt kh ht mui ng anot thu c hai kh Cl2 v O2.
Cu 36: p n A
Y (tripeptit) + 3NaOH mui + H2O. n H 2O = n Y = 3a

nNaOH a 3a 0,78 mol a 0,06


p dng nh lut BTKL: mX + mNaOH = mmui + mH2O

mX 0,78.40 94, 98 a.4.18 mX 68, 1(gam)

Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng thy phn peptit.


Cu 37: p n A
Cu hi d v phn tn gi ca ancol.
Trang 258/305

Cu 38: p n D

nO2 0, 1775 mol , nCO2 0, 145 mol nH2O .


Theo bo ton nguyn t O n este = 0,04 mol n = 3,625
M mui = 98 R = 15 (CH3). Thu 2 ancol ng ng lin tip nn hai este cng l lin tip.
hai este l: CH3COOCH3v CH3COOC2H5.
Li bnh: Bi ton hay gp v hn hp este.
Cu 39: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt thng gp v phn ng ca ankin.
Hc sinh ch cn nm c xc tc Pd/PbCO3 gii hn phn ng cng ch xy ra theo t l 1 :1.
Cu 40: p n B
Cc cht l: FeCO3, Fe(NO3)2, FeS, FeS2.
Cu 41: p n C
Cu hi d v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.
Cc cht phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3l: axetilen, frutoz, andehit axetic, axit fomic, glucoz.
Cu 42: p n D
Tng khi lng ban u : a + 49,68.
Sau phn ng thu c 0,8a hn hp cc kim loi c Fe dCu2+v axt ht.
Sau phn ng thu c: FeSO4(0,2 mol bo ton S ), H2O (0,2 mol bo ton H) ; 0,8a gam hn hp
kim loi.
Gi s mol Fe(NO3)2 l x; NO l y mol. Bo ton nguyn t vi O c: 2x + y = 0,32.
x 0, 11 ; y 0, 1 V 2, 24 l .

Tng khi lng sau phn ng l: 56,8 + 0,8a. p dng bo ton khi lng c:
0,2a = 7,12 a = 35,6 g
Li bnh: Bi ton ba thnh phn thng gp.
Cu 43: p n D
Gi s s mol mi cht l 1 mol. Khi cho vo H2O thu c :

KOH : 2 mol
NH Cl :1 mol

KHCO3 :1 mol
BaCl2 :1 mol

KOH KHCO3 K 2CO3 H 2O


1

BaCl2 K 2CO3 BaCO3 2KCl


1

KOH NH 4Cl KCl NH 3 H 2O


1

Nh vy dung dch thu c ch cha KCl.


Cu 44: p n D
Cho X tc dng vi NaOH nn X l este hoc axit. Dung dch sau phn ng c cn thu cht rn thu
hn hp hi v cht rn nn X l este v l este ca gc ancol khng bn. X5 tc dng vi NaOH li
Trang 259/305

thu X2 l mui chng t este X c gc ancol v gc axit c cng s nguyn t C.


Nn ch c p n D l CH 2 =CH-OCOCH 3 .
Cu 45: p n D
Cu hi d v cng thc tng qut ca amin Lp 12.
Cu 46: p n A
Cc cht to kt ta l: NaHCO3, CuSO4, (NH4)2CO3, MgCl2 v Na2SiO3.
Cu 47: p n C
S mol HCl thm vo l: n HCl 0,015 n Ba OH

du

0,0075mol S mol Ba(OH)2 tc dng vi axit

l 0,0075mol naxit = 0,015mol nmui = 0,02mol.


Ta c: 5,4325 = mBaCl2 + m hh u + khi lng tng do tc dng vi Ba(OH)2to mui

0,0075.208 mhh 0,0075. 137 2 5, 4325

m hh 2, 86 gam
Khi tc dng vi NaOH th khi lng cht rn thu c gm NaOH d v khi lng mui.
Theo tng gim khi lng c khi lng cht rn l:

mR 2, 86 0,015.22 0,005.40 3, 39(gam).


Li bnh: Bi tp hay v kh.
Cu 48: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d phn bit gluxit.
Do c hai cht cng tc dng vi Na to H2.
Cu 49: p n D
pin in (trong n mn in ha): catot l cc dng, anot l cc m.
bnh in phn (trong in phn): catot l cc m, anot l cc dng.
Cu 50: p n D
Cu hi hay v cu hnh electron.
Cc cht l: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
C hai cht c bit trong trng hp ny khi trng thi c bn b chuyn ha l:
+ 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4 chuyn ha thnh 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
+ 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9 chuyn ha thnh 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10

Trang 260/305

1A

2B

3B

4D

P N S 16
5B
6B
7C

11B

12C

13A

14A

15C

16D

17B

18C

19C

20B

21D

22A

23A

24D

25C

26D

27B

28C

29B

30A

31B

32B

33A

34D

35C

36A

37C

38C

39D

40D

41C

42B

43C

44C

45B

46C

47A

48A

49B

50A

8B

9C

10C

HNG DN GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n A
2CH 4 C2 H 2 + 3H 2

1
x

n1 =1 (mol)
0,5x 1,5x

1-x
0,5x 1,5x n 2 =1+x (mol)
p dng phng php bo ton khi lng:
n1 M 2
1 10
=

= x = 0,6 H = 60%
n 2 M1
1+x 16
Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng nhit phn CH4 . Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng
n M
m1 m2 1 2
n2 M1
Cu 2: p n B
2Z N 25;
1 N / Z 1,5
7,1 Z 8,3 Z 8 Cu hnh electron 1s22s22p4.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v thnh phn nguyn t.
N
Ch : iu kin bn ca nguyn t Z 82 1 1,52 (tr H)
P
Cu 3: p n B
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
K H 2O KOH 3 H 2
2

KOH Al H 2O KAlO 2 3 H 2 .
2
2
Do hn hp X tan ht Al phn ng ht theo (2). Mt khc khi mi thm HCl cha thy xut hin
kt ta KOH d.
KOH HCl KCl H2O.
3

Gi nK x (mol ) nKOH (1) x (mol ) nKOH (2) x 0,1(mol ) .


n Al = x - 0,1(mol)

Ta c x.39 x 0,1 .27 10,5 x 0, 2mol


Vy khi lng K c trong X l:
mK = 0,2.39 = 7,8 (gam)
.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng ca hn hp gm Al v kim loi kim vi nc.
Cu 4: p n D
- S mol cc cht: Ala = 0,16; Val = 0,07.
- Gi s s lng mt xch trong mi phn t peptit to thnh ln lt l x, y, z v s mol tng ng l
a, a v 3a (a > 0; x, y, z 2; x, y, z Z).
- Phn ng thy phn:
Trang 261/305

m (gam) X + (ax + ay + 3az 5a) mol H2O 14,24 gam Ala + 8,19 gam Val
Cch 1.
m = 14,24 + 8,19 mH 2O = 22,43 18(ax + ay + 3az 5a) = 22,43 18.0,23 + 18.5a = 18,29 + 90a.
+ Nu chn A a = 0,002 nH 2O = 0,22 x + y + 3z = 115 (loi v x + y + z < 16 x + y + 3z < 40).
+ Nu chn B a = 0,006 nH 2O = 0,2 x + y + 3z = 115/3 (loi v l).
+ Nu chn C a = 0 (loi).
chn D.
Cch 2.
- Bo ton khi lng ta c: m 14, 24 8,19 mH2O 22, 43 = 22,43 mH 2O .
- Nhn thy: khi lng ca hn hp X (m) t gi tr nh nht nu khi lng nc s dng cho phn
ng thy phn l ln nht. iu ny xy ra khi s mol lin kt peptit l ln nht hay hn hp X gm 3
peptit c s lin kt peptit l 1, 1 v 10 tng ng vi s mol x, x v 3x. Khi ta c:
+ nH2O x x 10.3x 32x.
+ n Ala n Val 2x 2x 11.3x 37x 0,16 0,07 0, 23 x

0, 23
.
37

18.32.0, 23
18,85 ch c D ph hp.
37
Li bnh: Bi ton kh v phn ng thy phn peptit. Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi B

mmin 22, 43

2014 kh c tc dng phn loi hc sinh.


Cu 5: p n B
1
Ta c nCO2 0,15mol nHCl ; nHCl 0,3mol mHCl 0,3.36,5 10,95 gam
2
10,95
mddHCl
150 gam; mCO2 0,15.44 6, 6 gam
7,3%
Khi lng dung dch sau phn ng:
mdd = 14,2 + 150 6,6 = 157,6 (gam)
157,6
mMgCl2 =
= 9,5(gam)
6,028%
9,5
nMgCO3 nMgCl2
0,1mol mMgCO3 0,1.84 8, 4 gam
95
Gi ha tr ca kim loi M trong mui cacbonat l x: M 2 (CO3 ) x
S mol CO3 trong mui ca M l nCO3 = 0,15 0,1 = 0,05 (mol).

Khi lng mui M 2 (CO3 ) x l mM 2 (CO3 )x 14, 2 8, 4 5,8 gam nM 2 (CO3 ) x


Ta c biu thc:

0, 05
mol
x

0, 05
M
(2M 60 x) 5,8
29
x
x

M l Fe; x=2.
S mol FeCO3 l nFeCO3 0, 05mol m = 0,1.40 + 0,025.160 = 8(gam)
Vy khi lng cht rn thu c l 8 gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton phc tp v mui cacbonat.
Cu 6: p n B
V nung Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh s to ra Cr2O3 c mu xanh lc.
Cu 7: p n C
- Gi s mol R2CO3 v RHCO3 c trong mi phn hn hp ln lt l x v y.
- Phn I tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d: n BaCO3 n R2CO3 n RHCO3 x y 0,18 1 .

- Phn II tc dng vi BaCl2 d: n BaCO3 n R 2CO3 x 0,04 thay vo 1 y 0,14.


- Phn III tc dng vi KOH: n KOH n RHCO3 y 0,14 V

0,14
0, 07 lit 70 ml chn C.
2
Trang 262/305

Li bnh: Bi tp d v cc mui cacbonat. Cu hi trong thi i hc khi B 2014.


Cu 8: p n B
S mol O2 phn ng l: nO2 0,6.0, 25 0,15 mol .

6,72
= 0,3 (mol) .
22,4
10,8n
Theo phng php bo ton mol electron:
4n O2 2n H2 M 9n .
M
Bin lun ta c n = 3, M = 27 Kim loi M l Al.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v cc phn ng ca kim loi.
S mol H2 phn ng l: n H2 =

Cu 9: p n C
Cch 1:
- Gi cng thc phn t ca Z l CxHyOz (v sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O).
MZ = 3,5625.32 = 114 (g/mol)
y z
y
Cx H y Oz + (x +
- )O2 xCO2 + H 2O
4 2
2
(1)
12x + y + 16z = 114
44x 44
9y = 15
x+ 0,25y - 0,5z = 7,5
Theo bi ta c :
- Gii h phng trnh, ta c: x = 6, y = 10, z = 2
- Cng thc ca Z l C6H10O2.
Cch 2:
C6H12O2
C6H10O
C6H10O2
C5H10O2
MZ 116
98
114
102 (g/mol)
Ch c C6H10O2 tha mn ra (MZ = 3,5625.32 = 114 g/mol).
Kim tra li cc iu kin khc ca ra u tha mn.
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v lp cng thc phn t cht hu c.
Cu 10: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt c bn v tnh axit baz ca dung dch.
Dung dch lm qu tm i mu l (2), (3), (4), (5).
Cu 11: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn cacbohidrat.
A. Sai v tnh bt v xenluloz khng phi l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Sai v tinh bt v xenluloz khng c kh nng ko thnh si.
D. Sai v glucoz l hp cht tp chc ch khng phi a chc.
Cu 12: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt thc t.
Cu 13: p n A
. Cu hi thc t v Al.
Al hot ng ha hc mnh nhng trn b mt ca Al c bao ph bi lp oxit rt bn vng nn Al
khng b n mn iu kin thng.
Cu 14: p n A
Cu hi quen thuc so snh tnh oxi ha, tnh kh da vo dy in ha Lp 12.
Phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra theo quy tc: cht kh mnh + cht oxi ha mnh cht kh v cht
oxi ha yu hn.
- Theo (1) tnh oxi ha Cl2> I2.
- Theo (2) tnh oxi ha ca KClO3mnh hn Cl2.
Cu 15: p n C
Khi lng oxit < khi lng kim loi: mui phn ng ht, kim loi d. Gi s mol Mg, Fe phn ng
v Fe d ln lt l x, y. z cht rn thu c gm (x + y) mol Cu; z mol Fe d; Dung dch gm y
mol Fe2+ v x mol Mg2+.
Trang 263/305

Theo bi ra, ta lp c h phng trnh:


24x 56y 56z 7, 65 1
64x 64y 56z 10,35 2
40x 80y 6, 75 3

. Gii h x y z 0,05625 n Cu 2 0,1125 a 0,3.


Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 16: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng xy ra vi cc cht v c.
Cu 17: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d.
A sai v iu ch N2 trong phng th nghim phi dng dung dch NH4NO2 bo ha.
C. sai v u l hp cht phn cc.
D. sai v cc kim loi kim khng c nhit nng chy xc nh.
Cu 18: p n C
Cu hi c bn v phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cc phn ng oxi ha kh gm: (1), (3), (4), (5), (6).
Cu 19: p n C
Khi V = b ml th cha xut hin kt ta do HCl ch phn ng NaOH
HCl NaOH NaCl H 2 O

0,02 0,02
Vy n HCl 0,02 mol V b 0, 2l
Khi V > b ml th lng kt ta bt u xut hin; khi V = a ml th lng kt ta tan ht
HCl NaOH NaCl H 2O
0,02 0,02
NaAlO 2 HCl H 2 O NaCl Al OH 3
0, 02

0, 02

0, 02

3HCl Al OH 3 AlCl3 3H 2O
0, 06 0,02
nHCl 0,1mol V 1l

Cu 20: p n B
CTPT ca X l (CH2Br)n
C bt bo ha = (2. s C + 2 s H s Br)/2 = 1 - 0,5n 0 chn n = 2
CTPT C2H4Br2
CTCT CH3-CHBr2 ; CH2Br CH2Br.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v cng thc phn t v cu to ca hp cht hu c .
Cu 21: p n D
Ta c %O = 100% - 55,81% 6,98% = 37,21%.
55,81 6,98 37,21
CHO
Gi cng thc rt gn ca X l x y z x : y : z
:
:
=2:3:1
12
1
16
CTPT ca X: (C2H3O)n, theo cc p n chn n = 2
CTPT ca X l C4H6O2. Loi tr p n B v Y t tan trong nc. Loi b A v khng ng t l
trn. Loi b D v khng c ng phn cis-trans.
Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v lp cng thc phn t hp cht hu c.
Cu 22: p nA
Da vo cc p n cc axit thm u n chc c th t cng thc ca axit l CnH2n7COOH
Cng thc ca mui l CnH2n7COONa.
S phn ng:
Cn H2n7COONa Na 2CO3 nCO2 H2O
Trang 264/305

Theo bi tnh c n = 1. Vy cng thc ca mui l C6H5COONa.


Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v thit lp cng thc phn t cht hu c.
Cu 23: p n A
Cc cp cht tc dng c vi nhau gm: C2H5OH + CH3COOH; CH3COOH + C2H5ONa;
CH3COOH + C6H5ONa; C6H5OH + C2H5ONa.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt c bn v phn ng ca cc cht hu c.
Cu 24:p n D
Cu hi c bn v chuyn dch cn bng ha hc.
- Khi tng nhit , t khi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 gim khi tng nhit cn bng chuyn dch
theo chiu lm tng s mol kh (chiu thun) phn ng thu nhit.
Mun cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun phi tng nhit v gim p sut.
Cu 25: p n C
S mol ca hn hp l 0,8.0,1 = 0,08 mol.
S mol Ag thu c l 0,2 > 2.nhh do vy hn hp c HCHO.
Theo hn hp s gm HCHO v CH3CHO.
Theo phn ng trng bc tnh c: n HCHO = 0,02(mol) v n CH3CHO = 0,06(mol) .
Cu 26: p n D
t0
C 2H 2 O
CO 2 2H 2
(1)
t
C H 2 O
CO 2H 2
0

CO 2 Ca OH 2 CaCO3 H 2O
CO CuO Cu CO 2
H 2 CuO Cu H 2 O

2
3
4
5

1,89

n H2O = n H2 = n Cu(5) = 18 = 0,105(mol)


T (4), (5)
mCuO(4) =13,44 - 0,105.80 = 5,04 (gam)

n CO n CuO 4 0,063 mol


T (1), (2) n H2 (2) n CO 0,063 mol.

n H2 (1) = n H2 - n H2 (2) 0,105 0,063 0,042 mol. = 0,105 0,063 = 0,042 (mol).

n CO 0,5. n H2 (1) 0,5.0,042 0,021 mol .


0,021
%VCO2 = %n CO2 =
0,015 + 0,063 + 0,021 .100% = 11,11%
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v kh than kh.

Cu 27: p n B
Thu c dung dch mui Mg2+ v Cu2+ Mg ht, Ag+ ht, d Cu2+ ne nhn = 2x (mol)
z ne nhn < z + 2y z 2x < z + 2y 0,5z x < 0,5z + y
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 28: p n C
nBa (OH )2 3.0,125 0,375(mol ) . Kt ta thu c l BaCO3, nBaCO3

59,1
0,3mol
197

C 2 trng hp:
- Nu Ba(OH)2 d: nCO2 nBaCO3 0,3mol . C 0,15 mol ancol thu c 0,3 mol CO2, ancol n chc
nn cng thc ancol l C2H5OH. S mol mui cng bng 0,15 mol nn tm c mui c cng thc
CH3COONa. Este l CH3COOC2H5.
- Nu CO2 d: nCO2 nBaCO3 nBa ( HCO3 )2 .2

n Ba OH n BaCO3 n Ba HCO3
2

Trang 265/305

n CO2 0, 45 ancol l C3H7OH. Este l CH3COOC3H7.


Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v este.
Cu 29: p n B
8Al + 3NaNO3 + 5NaOH + 2H 2O 8NaAlO2 + 3NH3

0,6 0,225
0,375
0,6
0,225
Phn ng tnh theo NaNO3. Sau phn ng trn, cn d 0,3 mol Al v 0,3 mol NaOH:
3
Al + NaOH + H 2 O NaAlO2 + H 2
2
0,3
0,3
0,45
Cht kh thu c gm NH3 v H2: V

0, 225

0, 45 .22, 4 15,12 lt .

Li bnh: Bi ton l v phn ng ca Al vi mui nitrat trong mi trng kim.


Cu 30: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt v cu hnh e v lin kt ha hc .
X nhm IIA; Y nhm VA. Do vy CTPT to ra t X v Y l X3Y2.
Cu 31: p n B
Cu hi d v phn ng ca cc cht hu c.
Cu 32: p n B
40
Ta c n HCl =
3.65% = 0,04(mol) .
3,65
p dng phng php tng gim khi lng khi lng hn hp baz trong 50 gam dung dch l:
1,7 0,04 35,5 17 2, 44 gam .
Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng ca axit v baz.
Cu 33: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt c lin quan n s chuyn ha ca cc cht hu c.
Vi suy lun Y l butadien X c th l mt trong cc cht thuc dy A.
Cu 34: p n D
- A sai v nu nCO2 nH2O th hidrocacbon c th l xicloankan.
- B sai v cng khi lng mol cha chc c cng thc phn t ging nhau cha chc l ng
phn ca nhau.
- C sai v ty iu kin phn ng ca C2H5Br vi KOH c th to sn phm l C2H4 hoc C2H5OH.
Cu 35: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v cht bo.
- C sai v phn ng thy phn ca cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
- D sai v cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo.
Cu 36: p n A
- X c phn ng vi CaCO3 nn X c nhm COOH X l CH3CH2COOH.
- Y khng tc dng vi NaOH, c phn ng vi Na v trng bc Y c c nhm OH v nhm CHO
Y l HO-CH2-CH2-CHO.
- Z khng trng bc, khng tc dng vi NaOH v tc dng vi Na ch c nhm OH. Z l HO-CH2CO-CH3 hoc CH2=CH-O-CH2OH.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v mi lin h gia cu to v tnh cht ca cht hu c.
Cu 37: p n C
V ipeptit khng c phn ng mu Biure v cc peptit cn li, protein phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong
NaOH to ra hp cht mu tm c trng.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v amino axit v peptit.
Cu 38: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v nc cng.
Hc sinh ch cn da vo khi nim v cch phn loi nc cng l gii c.
Cu 39: p n D
Trang 266/305

Gi cng thc chung ca 2 axit l CnH2n+1COOH. V axit no n chc khi t chy c s mol H2O
5,46
bng s mol CO2 nn nH2O = nCO2 = 44 -18 = 0,21 (mol).
x = 0,09
x(n + 1) = 0,21

4
x
(14n + 68) = 3,9 n =

Gi s mol ca Z l x 2
Vy 2 axit l CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v axit cacboxylic .

Cu 40: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt thng gp v phn ng iu ch polime.
Cu 41: p n C
BaCl2 2H2O Ba OH 2 H2 Cl2

1,68
= 0,075(mol) VH2 = VCl2 1, 68lt
22,4
Vy catot thu c 1,68 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Li bnh: Bi tp d v in phn dung dch.
n H2 = n Cl 2 =

Cu 42: p n B
Cu hi d v tnh cht ha hc ca axit.
Axit propionic c phn ng vi tt c cc cht tr AgNO3.
Cu 43: p n C
Mi phn c s mol 2 ancol = 2 s mol H2 = 0,1 mol < s mol CH3COOH
phn ng hon ton th ht 2 ancol: 3,9 + 0,1.60 = meste + 18 .0,1 meste = 8,1 gam
khi hiu sut 80% th meste = 6,48 (gam).
Li bnh: Bi tp tnh ton c bn v ancol.
Cu 44: p n C
n Ag = 0,12(mol)
tng s mol glucozo v fructozo thu c sau phn ng thy phn l 0,06 (mol)
t s mol mi cht ban u = x mol x + x + 2x + 2x = 0,06 x 0,01mol

m 0,01180 180 342 342 10, 44 gam .


Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v phn ng thy phn v trng bc ca cacbohidrat.
Cu 45: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v cc kim loi.
Cu 46: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d.
A. Sai v khng nhn c HCl v NaCl.
B. Sai v khng nhn c HCl v NaCl.
C. ng.
D. Sai v khng nhn c HCl v NaCl.
Cu 47: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt d. Ch cn th p n l c.
A. ng.
B. Sai cht A.
C. Sai cht A.
D. Sai cng thc phn t ca B v C.
Cu 48: p n A
Trong 91,5 gam mui gm Fe(NO3)2 x (mol), Fe(NO3)3 y (mol), Cu(NO3)2 0,15 (mol)
x + y = 0,15

180x + 242y + 188.0,15 = 91,5


Trang 267/305

0,15.(2 3 2)
0,35mol VNO 7,84lt
3
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3.

x = y = 0,15 nNO

Cu 49: p n B
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 50: p nA
Theo bi ta c s bin ha ha hc sau:
HNO3 , H2SO4
[H]
C6H6
C6H5NO2
C6H5NH2
H = 78%
H = 78%
78 kg
123 kg
93 kg
78
123

=
mnitrobenzen 6,15 kg
5.0,78 mnitrobenzen
123
93
=
manilin 3,627 kg

6,15.0,78 manilin

P N S 17
5D
6A
7C

1C

2D

3D

4C

8C

9A

10A

11B

12C

13A

14C

15B

16B

17D

18C

19A

20B

21C

22B

23A

24D

25B

26A

27D

28D

29A

30C

31A

32D

33D

34B

35A

36D

37D

38D

39C

40A

41A

42B

43D

44D

45B

46B

47D

48A

49A

50B

LI GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n C
Theo bi ta c X=

35000
560

= 62,5 PVC X l CH2 CHCl .

Li bnh: Bi ton d v h s trng hp ca polime.


Cu 2: p n D
Cu hi d ch cn hc sinh nh c tn gi ca cc amino axit thng gp.
Cu 3: p n D

RCOOR KOH RCOOK + R 'OH


n KOH = n R'OH = 0,1 mol ROH = 46 R = 29 (C2H5)
n KOH = n RCOOR = 88 R = 15 (CH3)
Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng x phng ha ca este.
Cu 4: p n C

Zn + 2Ag + Zn 2+ + 2Ag
0,2

0,4

0,2

0,4

S mol bc d l: nAg d = 0,6 - 0,4 = 0,2 mol

Fe + 2Ag + Fe2+ + Cu
0,2

0,4

0,2

0,2

S mol st d l: nFe d = 0,4 0,1 = 0,3mol


Trang 268/305

Fe + Cu 2+ Fe2+ + Cu
0,2

0,2

0,2 0,2

S mol st d l: nFed 0,3 0, 2 0,1 mol


Vy khi lng kim loi tng: m 0,6.108 0, 2.64 0,1.56 0, 4.56 0, 2.65 47,8( gam)
Vy khi lng dung dch gim 47,8 gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 5: p n D
Kh A c kh nng lm hng dung dch qu tm dung dch A c tnh axit; nc phun mnh vo
trong bnh cha kh A tan nhiu trong nc.
Li bnh: Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 6: p n A
Cu hi d v phn ng oxi ha kh nhng i hi hc sinh vit c cc phn ng xy ra.
Cu 7: p n C
Cu hi d v tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht.
Cc cht cha nhm NH2 u c phn ng vi HCl.
Cu 8: p n C
Cc kim loi l: Na; Ba; K do to c kt ta hidroxit vi mui st.
Cc kim loi Al v Mg mc d cng c phn ng vi FeCl3 nhng ch to c sn phm Fe (II) v
FeCl3 d.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt khng kh nhng nhiu hc sinh nhm ln.
Cu 9: p n A
Ta c s phn ng:
H 15%
H 95%
H 90%
CH4 C2H2 C2H3Cl PVC.

CH4

21
22,4
5589

= 5589 m3 V=
= 5883m3 .
62,5 0,150,950,9
0,95

Li bnh: Bi ton iu ch thng gp. Hc sinh ch cn ch n cch i n v.


Cu 10: p n A
Theo bi ta c:

m mCaCO3 mCO2 mCO2 10 3, 4 6,6( gam)


n

CO2

= 0,15 mol
C6 H12O6 2CO2 2C2 H5OH

Glucozo

=m =

0,075.180
= 15 .
0,9

Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng ln men ca glucoz gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm: i
hc khi A 2013
Cu 11: p n B
C: n Mg = 0,16mol ; n NO = 0,06mol
p dng bo ton e:

n e 2n Mg 3n NO 8n NH4 NO3 n NH4 NO3 0,0175 mol


m = mMg NO3 + mNH4 NO3 = 25,08 (gam) .
2

Trang 269/305

Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3.


Cu 12: p n C
Ta c phng trnh phn ng:
C6 H 7O2 ( NO3 )3 n 3nH 2O
C6 H7O2 (OH )3 n 3nHNO3

n HNO3 0,3 mol m = 0,3.

63
= 21 kg .
0,9

Li bnh: Bi tp ph bin v xenluloz thng gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm: i hc khi B
2012.
Cu 13: p n A.
CO2 44
0,5
45,5
NO2 46
1,5
Gi x vy ln lt l s mol ca CO2 v NO2
x 1
x 0, 05

C: y 3
y 0,15
x y 0, 2

Ta c mY 0, 2.45,5 9,1 (gam).


Ta c:
2 NO2 2 NaOH NaNO2 NaNO3 H 2O
0,15
0,15
0, 075
0, 075 0, 075
CO2 2 NaOH Na2CO3 H 2O
0, 05

0,1

0, 05

0,05

BT khi lng ta c: 9,1 0,3.40 m (0,05+0,075).18 m 18.85( gam)


Vy tng khi lng cc cht tan trong Z l 18,85 gam.
Cu 14: p n C
Cu hi thng gp v phn ng oxi ha kh - Lp 10. im kh ca bi l cha c phng trnh.
Cu 15: p n B.
Theo d kin bi khi cho Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 thu c X gm 2 kim loi l Ag v Fe cn d.
Phn ng Fe 2 AgNO3 Fe NO3 2 2 Ag 1
Chia X lm 2 phn khng bng nhau.
+ Phn I: tc dng dung dch HCl d
FeCl2 H 2 Fe 2HCl 2
bi cho: nH2 sinh ra 0,1 mol
+ Phn II: cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d.
Fe 4 HNO3 Fe NO3 3 NO 2 H 2O 3
3 Ag 4 HNO3 3 AgNO3 NO 2 H 2O 4

bi cho: nNO sinh ra 3;4 0, 4 mol


Gi x, y ln lt l s mol ca Fe v Ag trong phn I
Suy ra trong phn II th: nFe nx (mol ) ; nAg ny (mol ) (n l s ln phn chia hn hp X)
T p (2) ta c: x 0,1
Tng t t phn ng (3;4) ta c: 3nx ny 1, 2 hay 0,3n ny 1, 2 5
Mt khc: 56nx 108ny 5,6 108 y 32,8 hay 5,6n 108ny 108 y 38, 4 6
Trang 270/305

Bin i phng trnh (5) v (6) ta c: 67n2 309n 324 0 n 3 ; n

108
67

+ Vi n = 3 => y = 0,1
Trong hn hp X: Ag (0,4 mol) ; Fe d (0,4 mol)
1
Theo phn ng (1): nFep.u nAg 0, 2 mol
2
Vy gi tr m 56 0, 2 0, 4 33,6 (gam).
108
4
y
67
9
700

17,5

Trong hn hp X: Ag
mol ; Fe d
mol
603

67

350
Theo p (1): nFe p.u
mol
603
350 17,5
Vy gi tr m 56

47,1 (gam).
603 67

+ Vi n

Cu 16: p n B
- Theo bi ta c: n este : n NaOH = 0,01: 0,03 = 1: 3 Este 3 chc: (RCOO)3R '
- Phng trnh: RCOO 3 R+ 3NaOH 3RCOONa + R OH 3

7,05
n RCOONa = n NaOH = 0,075 mol RCOONa =
= 94
0,075
R = 27 (C2H3)
n RCOO R = 0,025 mol (RCOO)3R=254 R = 41 (C3H5)
3

Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng x phng ha este.


Cu 17: p n D
Cu hi d phn phn loi polime.
Cu 18: p n C
V c 2 sn phm u trng bc este c dng HCOOCH=CHCH3.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng thy phn ca este.
Cu 19: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt d.
Cc kt lun ng l 1, 2, 3.
Cu 20: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v cacbohidrat Lp 12.
Cc kt lun ng l 1, 2, 4.
Cu 21: p n C
p dng nh lut bo ton electron
2n H2 = 8n N2O 2x = 8y x = 4y .
Li bnh: Bi ton d v Al c vn dng bo ton e.
Cu 22: p n B
- X c phn ng trng bc loi A v C.
- Thy phn X ri cho trng bc thu c Ag theo t l mol 1:4 X l isaccarit loi D.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v cacbohidrat.
Cu 23: p n A
Trang 271/305

Gly Ala 2HCl H2O GlyHCl + AlaHCl

n HCl = 0,2mol V = 0,2 lt .


Li bnh: Bi ton d v peptit.
Cu 24: p n D.
- Phn 1. Ch c FeS tc dng vi HCl nH2 S nFeS 0,1mol.
- Phn 2. Dng bo ton e ta c: 3nNO 9nFeS 6nCuS nCuS 0, 2mol.
m = 2.(0,1.88 + 0,2.96) = 56 gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng ca cc mui sunfua.
Cu 25: p n B

Saccarozo H 2O Glucozo + Fructozo


0,006

0,006

0,006

Mantozo H 2O Glucozo + Glucozo


0,12

0,12

0,12

V hiu sut l 60% nn dung dch Y gm: 0,03 mol Glucoz; 0,006 mol Fructoz; 0,004 mol
saccaroz v 0,08 mol mantoz. Nh vy c glucoz; fructoz; mantoz trng bc v u thu c
2Ag.
n Ag = 0,088 mAg = 9,504 (gam) .
Li bnh: Cu hi quen thuc v phn ng thy phn v trng bc ca gluxit. Hc sinh cn lu tham
gia vo phn ng trng bc c c mantoz d. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2012.
Cu 26: p n A
- S mol cc cht: NO = 0,07; Cu = 0,0325.
- Khi cho dung dch Y tc dng vi Cu xy ra phn ng:
2Fe3+ + Cu Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
nFe3 (Y ) 0,065mol
- Phn ng ca Fe vi dung dch HNO3 v H2SO4:
N 5 3e N 2 NO
0, 21 0, 07
Fe Fe3 3e
0, 065 0, 065 0,195

Theo bo ton e phi c thm qu trnh:

Fe Fe2 2e
0, 0075

0, 015

n Fe 0,0725 mol mFe 4,06 gam.

Li bnh: Bi ton ba thnh phn hay v kh.


Cu 27: p n D
- Theo bi ta c n este : n KOH = 0,3: 0,9 = 1: 3 Este 3 chc
( RCOO)3 R ' 3KOH
3RCOOK+R'(OH)3

RCOOK=

2R +R
78,9
=88,67 R=5,67= 1 2 R1 =1; R 2 = 15
0,9
3
Trang 272/305

Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng x phng ha este.


Cu 28: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi d v tc phn ng ha hc.
Cc yu t nhit , nng v din tch tip xc b mt c nh hng n tc phn ng ha hc
nhng lng cht th khng.
Cu 29: p n A
- n H2O = n CO2 = 0,45 mol Cn H2n O2
- Bo ton nguyn t C 0,15n = 0,45 n = 3 C3H6O2.
Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng t chy este.
Cu 30: p n C
- Nhm phenyl ht e lm gim tnh baz ca amin so vi NH3.
- Nhm etyl y e lm tng tnh baz ca amin so vi NH3.
Li bnh: Cu hi d phn so snh tnh baz ca cc amin.
Cu 31: p n A
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng:
mHCl = 21,9 gam n HCl = 0,6mol n Amin = 0,6 mol
M = 49,67 C2 H7 N v C3H9 N .
Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng vi axit ca amin. Tng t thi i hc khi B 2012.
Cu 32: p n D
Gi Hai axit l RCOOH
RCOOH= 46+60 =53 n X 0, 4 mol ; n ancol 0,5 mol
2
H tnh theo axit RCOOH + C H OH RCOOC H + H O
2 5
2 5
2
m = 0,48180 = 25,92gam
100

Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng este ha. V cc axit tham gia phn ng este ha vi cng hiu sut
nn c th thay 2 axit bng 1 cht thun tin khi gii bi tp.
Cu 33: p n D
C: n OH- = 0,05V
pH = 1 [H+ ] = 0,1M n H+ = 0,01mol

Sau phn ng thu c dung dch c pH =2 [H+ ] = 0,01M


n H+ du = 0,01 V+ 0,1
0,01 0,05V = 0,01 V+ 0,1 V = 0,15 lt .
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng axit baz .
Cu 34: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 35: p n A.
Ta c: nKOH 0,015 (mol ); nNaAlO2 0,03(mol )
Khi V = b ml th lng kt ta ln nht
Trang 273/305

HCl KOH KCl H 2O


0,015 0,015
NaAlO2 HCl H 2O NaCl Al OH 3
0, 03

0, 03

n
0, 225lt
CM
Khi V > b ml th lng kt ta bt u tan, khi V = a ml th lng kt ta tan ht
HCl KOH KCl H 2O

Vy

HCl

0, 045 mol V b

0,015 0,015
NaAlO 2 HCl H 2 O NaCl Al OH 3
0, 03

0, 03

0, 03

3HCl Al OH 3 AlCl3 3H 2O
0, 09 0, 03
n
0, 675lt
CM
Vy gi tr ca a, b ln lt l 0,225 v 0,675.
Li bnh: y l bi ton tng i kh, gii bi ton mt cch n gin hc sinh cn xt hai
trng hp: V=b v V>b

HCl

0,135 mol V b

Cu 36: p n D
Nhn thy: n O = 2n CO2 n O = 1 mol .
Gi s mol CO2 l a mol Bo ton khi lng:
m mC mH mO 12a 1,6 16 29,6

a =1 m = 44 gam
Li bnh: Bi ton hay v cc phn ng ca axit cacboxylic.
Tng t cu hi trong thi cao ng 2010.
Cu 37: p n D
Cu hi d v tnh axit baz ca dung dch cc cht hu c.
Cu 38: p n D
Vi cc dung dch c cng nng :
- Axit cng mnh cng to c nhiu H+ th pH cng nh.
- Baz cng mnh cng to c nhiu OH- th pH cng ln.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d.
Cu 39: p n C
- n NaOH 0,3 n X n H2O . Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng vi NaOH mX = 18,96 gam.
- Khi lng bnh ng NaOH tng l tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O. Gi s mol CO2 v H2O ln
lt l a v b 44a 18b 40,08 1 .
Bo ton khi lng: mO2 40,08 18,96 21,12 gam n O2 0,66mol .
Bo ton O: 0,3.2 0,66.2 1,92 2a b 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) a 0,69; b 0,54 naxit khng no 0,69 0,54 0,15 n axit no 0,15.
- Gi cng thc ca axit no l CnH2nO2; axit khng no l CmH2m-2O2
Trang 274/305

0,15n 1,15m 0,69 5n 5m 23 ch c cp n = 1; m = 3,6 ph hp

mHCOOH 6,9 mkhng no = 12,06 chn C.


Li bnh: Bi ton hay v kh v axit cacboxylic, c tc dng phn loi hc sinh tng t cu hi
trong thi i hc khi A 2013.
Cu 40: p n A
n H2 0,39

HCl

2n H2SO4

axit ht.
2
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
m 7,74 0,5.36,5 0,14.98 0,39.2 38,93(gam)

Li bnh: Bi ton hay v phn ng ca kim loi vi cc axit.


Cu 41: p n A
Ch c glucoz khng tham gia vo phn ng thy phn.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v gluxit.
Cu 42: p n B
Cc phn ng xy ra:
ZnCl2 2NaOH Zn OH 2 2NaCl

Zn OH 2 2NaOH Na 2 ZnO 2 2H 2O

MgCl2 2NaOH Mg OH 2 2NaCl

Fe OH 2 2NaOH Fe OH 2 2NaCl

2Fe OH 2 4H 2SO 4 Fe 2 SO 4 3 SO 2 6H 2O
Mg OH 2 H 2SO 4 MgSO 4 2H 2O

Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v phn ng ca cc cht.


Cu 43: p n D
Kh B lm xanh qu m B l Amin; n CO2 = 0,1mol ; n Amin = 0,1 mol
Amin l CH3 NH2
Li bnh: Bi tp d v cc hp cht ca N.
Cu 44: p n D.

14.100
75 Gly
18, 667
75.3 18.2 189 (3 phn t X gii phng 2 phn t H2O)

C: M X

M tri

nM

0,945
0, 005(mol )
189

Ta c:
M
3X
0, 005
0, 015
C: M i 75.2 18 132 ni
2X

4, 62
0, 035( mol )
132

0, 035
nX

0, 07
3, 75

0, 05 (mol)
75
Trang 275/305

Ta c: Tng s mol X trong hn hp sau phn ng = Tng s mol X trong hn hp u (X c quy ra


t cc peptit)
=> Tng s mol X trong hn hp u l n X 0,015 0,07 0,05 0,135(mol )
Hn hp M, c t l mol bng nhau nn ta gi trung bnh l 3,5 peptit
3,5 peptit 3,5 X
27
0,135
700
(3,5-peptit l tn peptit ch ko phi h s CB)
M 3,5 peptit 75.3,5 18.2,5 217,5

Vy khi lng hn hp M v

l: m3,5 peptit 217,5.

27
8,389( gam)
700

Cu 45: p n B.
V khi lng cht rn l 22,7 gam AgNO3 cn d.
Phng trnh in phn:
1
2 AgNO3 H 2O 2 Ag 2 HNO3 O2
2
x x
Sau in phn, AgNO3 d 0, 2 x mol

Fe 4 H NO3 Fe3 NO 2 H 2O
x
x
x
4
4
Fe
2 AgNO3 Fe NO3 2 2 Ag

0,1 0, 2 x
2

Fe 2 Fe3 3Fe2
x
x

8
4

0.2 x

x x
x
Khi lng cht rn l: mr 16,8 56. 0,1 108. 0, 2 x 22, 7 x 0,1
2 8
4
0,1.96500
It
Ag 1e Ag => S nol electron trao i l n e 0.1
t
3600s 1h
F
2, 68
Vy thi gian in phn l t = 1h.
Cu 46: p n B
Cu hi d v tnh cht ha hc ca kim loi.
Ch c Cu khng phn ng vi HCl.

Cu 47: p n D
Cu hi d v dy in ha ca kim loi.
Cu 48: p n A
Phng trnh: RCOO3 C3H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5 OH 3
n RCOONa = 3n C3H5 OH = 0,06 mol
3

Trang 276/305

RCOONa =

18,24
= 304 R = 237 C17 H33
0,06

Cu 49: p n A
Cu hi thc t.
Cu 50: p n B

2Fe 6H 2SO4 Fe2 SO4 3 3SO2 H 2O


0,12

0,36

0,06

Fe Fe2 SO4 3 3FeSO4


0, 03

0, 03

0, 09

Nh vy sau phn ng thu c 0,03 mol Fe2(SO4)3 d v 0,09 mol FeSO4 .


Vy khi lng mui khan l: m = 0,03.400 + 0,09.152 = 25,68 gam .
Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng ca Fe vi axit H2SO4 c.

Trang 277/305

P N S 18
5D
6C
7D

1A

2B

3B

4B

8B

9C

10B

11A

12D

13A

14B

15B

16B

17C

18D

19A

20C

21B

22A

23D

24A

25C

26A

27A

28B

29C

30C

31C

32D

33A

34D

35C

36C

37C

38A

39A

40C

41C

42B

43A

44B

45B

46C

47C

48C

49D

50A

HNG DN GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n A
Do ch xy ra phn ng:

Al3 3NH3 3H2-O Al OH 3 3NH4


hin tng.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng ca NH3 vi dung dch mui.
Cu 2: p n B
- Phn ng ca 3a mol tetrapeptit X v 2a mol tripeptit Y vi dung dch NaOH c th xem l phn ng
thy phn sau cc amino axit sinh ra s tc dng vi NaOH:
3a mol tetrapeptit X v 2a mol tripeptit Y + [(4 - 1).3a + (3 - 1).2a]mol H2O 18a mol amino axit
18a mol amino axit + 1,8mol NaOH 96,48 gam mui + 1,8mol H2O
nNaOH = 1,8 = 4.3a + 2a.3 a = 0,1mol.
- Dng bo ton khi lng ta c: m + 13.0,1.18 + 1,8.40 = 96,48 + 1,8.18 m = 33,48 gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton tng i phc tp v peptit v amino axit. Tng t thi i hc khi B 2012.
Cu 3: p n B
Cu hi d v dy in ha v quy tc ca phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cu 4: p n C

FeS HCl FeCl2 H2S


2H2S O2 2S 2H2O
S c mu vng
Cu 5: p n D
Da vo cu hnh e ca cc ion M l kim loi kim v X l halogen lin kt gia kim loi in
hnh v phi kim in hnh l lin kt ion.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v lin kt ha hc.
Cu 6: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v quy lut bin i bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong mt nhm A.
Cu 7: p n D
Cu hi thc nghim v phn ng iu ch este.
Cu 8: p n B
C: n OH- = 2n H2 = 0,3mol . Ta c: H+ + OH- H2O
Theo phn ng: n H+ = n OH- = 0,3 mol n H2SO4 = 0,15(mol) V =

0,15
= 0,3lt = 300 (ml).
0,5

Li bnh: Bi tp n gin v phn ng axit baz.


Trang 278/305

Cu 9: p n C
Ta c: n H2SO4 = n H2 = 0,35mol
Vy: mm = mhhKL + mSO 2- = 10,7 + 0,35.96 = 44,3gam.
4

Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng gia kim loi v axit. Hc sinh ch cn nm c phng
php bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng l c th gii c d dng.
Cu 10: p n B
Theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng khi gim nhit (nhng vo nc ) cn bng ha hc chuyn
dch theo chiu phn ng ta nhit, l chiu to N2O4 khng mu mu nu nht dn.
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v chuyn dch cn bng ha hc.
Khi tng nhit ca h th cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm gim nhit , ngha l cn bng
chuyn dch v pha thu nhit.
- Khi gim nhit , cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm tng nhit , ngha l cn bng chuyn dch
v pha ta nhit.
Cu 11: p n A
-

Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim.


Hc sinh ch cn vit c cc phn ng v tnh ton theo phng trnh l c.
Cu 12: p n D
Sau 10 pht: s mol KOH cn li bng s mol HCl: n KOH = n HCl = 0,05.6.10-3 mol .Vy:

KOH

0, 05.6.103
0, 05 0, 03
0, 03 v tb
3,33.105 M / s
3
10.10
10.60
.

Li bnh: Bi tp d v tc phn ng ha hc.


Cu 13: p n A
- Ancol metylic: CH3OH; etylen glicol: C2H4(OH)2; glixerol: C3H5(OH)3 u c s nhm OH = s C.
- t chy X: nCO2 0,3 nOH .
- Cho X + Na nH2 1/ 2.nOH 0,15 V 3,36 lit.
Li bnh: Bi ton hay nhng khng kh v ancol. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2012.
Cu 14: p n B
Xt vi mi phn ca hn hp:
- S mol cc cht: n H2 0,0225 n axit n H2O n ancol du 0,0225.2 0,045 n ancol n axit

n axit 0,005; Ag 0,09.


- Nu ancol khng phi CH3OH anehit khng phi HCHO nanehit = 0,045 > nancol v l
anehit l HCHO.
HCOOH 2Ag

HCHO 4Ag

n HCHO

0, 09

0, 005.2
0, 02.
4

% ancol b oxi ha l:

0, 02

0, 005 .100
62,5%.
0, 04

Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton ca ancol. Tng t cu hi trong thi i
hc khi B 2012.
Trang 279/305

Cu 15: p n B
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc.
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
Cu 16: p n B
Bo ton in tch ta c: 2x y = 0 1 .
Bo ton khi lng: 137x + 35,5y = 6,29 27.0,01 0,03.62 = 4,16 2 .
Gii (1), (2) suy ra x = 0,02; y = 0,04 .
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v dung dch. Hc sinh ch cn vn dng bo ton in tch v bo ton khi
lng l c.
Cu 17: p n C
Gi cng thc oxit ca N l NxOy 14x : 16y = 30,45 : 69,55 x : y = 1 : 2 NO2.
Li bnh: Bi tp d.
Cu 18: p n D

n = 0,1.(0,1.2 + 0,2) = 0,04 mol .


Tng s mol OH- l: n = 0,1.(0,3 + 0,15.2) = 0,06mol .
Tng s mol H+ l:

H+

OH-

Phng trnh ion thu gn: H+ + OH- H2O


Vy OH- d 0,02 mol OH- = 0,01M pOH = 1 pH = 13
du

Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng axit baz:


Cu 19: p n A

n Cu = 0,06 mol; n HNO3 = 0,05mol ; n H2SO4 = 0,055mol n H+ = 0,16 mol ; n NO - = 0,05mol .


3

Phng trnh ion thu gn:


3Cu 8H 2NO3 3Cu 2NO 4H 2O
Bd:0, 06
Pu : 0, 06

0,16
0,16

0, 05
0, 04

0, 06

Sau phn ng c cc ion:


Cu2+ 0,06 mol; SO42- 0,055 mol; NO3- d 0,01 mol.
Vy: mmui = 0,06.64 + 0,055.96 + 0,01.62 = 9,74 gam.
Li bnh: Dng bi ba thnh phn thng gp.
Cu 20: p n C
C: n hh ankan = n H2O - n CO2 = 0,35 - 0,2 = 0,15mol n anken = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05mol .
Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng t chy hn hp hidrocacbon.
Cu 21: p n B

n hh = 0,15mol , n ankan = 0,1mol n A = 0,05mol M A =

2,1
= 42 Vy A l C3H6.
0,05

Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng ca hidrocacbon vi dung dch Br2.


Cu 22: p n A
nNaOH min = 3nAl (OH )3 0,06mol CM NaOH 1, 2M .
nNaOH max = 3nAl (OH )3 4 nAl3 nAl (OH )3 0, 06 4 0, 2 0, 06 0, 62mol CM NaOH 12, 4M
Trang 280/305

Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca Al3+ vi dung dch kim.


Cu 23: p n D
p dng bo ton khi lng ta c:

mNaOH 2,05 0,94 1,99 1g n NaOH n ancol 0,025mol .


Vy M tb(ancol) = 37,6 2 ancol l CH3OH v C2H5OH.
V Mtb(mui) = 82 CH3COONa.
Vy cng thc 2 este l CH3COONa v CH3COOC2H5.
Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng x phng ha este.
Cu 24: p n A
Da vo s :
(C6H10O5)n 2nC2H5OH
mC2H5OH = 324.92n.90.80/(100.100.162n) = 132,48kg
Li bnh: Bi tp ph bin v phn ng ln men tinh bt.
Cu 25: p n C
p dng bo ton khi lng:

mHCl 31,68 20 11,68g

n HCl 0,32mol

V 0,32 lt 320 ml

Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng ca amin vi dung dch axit.


Tng t cu hi trong thi cao ng 2012.
Cu 26: p n A
Cu hi d v iu kin tn ti dung dch.
Cc ion mun tn ti trong mt dung dch th chng phi khng c phn ng vi nhau.
Cu 27: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng thy phn khng hon ton peptit.
Hc sinh gii bi tp bng cch th p n.
Cu 28: p n B
Cu hi d v ng phn ca anehit.
Cng thc tnh nhanh s ng phn andehit l: 2n-3 = 4 .
Cu 29: p n C
Cu hi d v ng dng ca glucoz.
Cu 30: p n C

35, 2
PV
110 X 60
0,32 mol M tb
0,32
RT
X (khi lng trung bnh 2 kim loi) = 50
n hh mui n CO2

2 kim loi l Ca (40), Sr (87).


Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng ca mui cacbonat vi dung dch axit.
Cu 31: p n C
Cu hi d thng gp v so snh tnh baz ca cc amin.
uy lut:
- Cc gc no y e lm tng tnh baz ca amin so vi NH3, gc y e c cng nhiu C th tnh baz
Trang 281/305

ca amin cng mnh.


- Cc gc khng no hoc thm ht e lm tnh baz ca amin yu hn so vi NH3.
Cu 32: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt thc nghim.
Cc kh HCl, SO2 v CO2 b gi li do c phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2.
Cu 33: p nA
Cu hi d v ngun gc ca polime.
Cu 34: p n D
- S mol cc cht: nkh (t) = 0,11; nkh (2t) = 0,26; nCl2 = 1/2nKCl = 0,1.
- Nhn thy: nkh (1)> nCl2 in phn trong khong thi gian t giy xy ra s in phn H2O
anot:

2Cl Cl2 2e

Cu 2 2e Cu

0,1 0, 2
2H 2 O 4H O 2 4e

2H 2O 2e H 2 2OH

0, 01 0, 04

n e (t) 0, 2 0,04 0, 24 n e (2t) 0, 48. Gi s trong thi gian in phn 2t giy th anot
thu thm c x mol O2 v y mol H2 ta c: x + y = 0,26 0,11 = 0,15 (1) v 0,24 + 4x = 0,48 x =
0,06 y = 0,09.
- Bo ton e 2nCu + 2nH2 = 0,48 nCu = 0,15.
Li bnh: Bi ton kh v phn ng in phn dung dch. Bi ton ny c tc dng phn loi hc sinh.
Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi A 2014.
Cu 35: p n C

n Al 0,1mol n Fe 0,1mol n AgNO 0, 45mol


;
;
.
3

Al 3AgNO3 Al NO3 3 3Ag


0,1

0,45

0,3

Fe 2AgNO3 Fe NO3 2 2Ag


0,1

0,15

0,15

Sau cc phn ng cht rn l 0,45 mol Ag v 0,025 mol Fe: mrn = 0,45.108 + 0,025.56 = 50gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 36: p n C
V trn 2 dung dch vi nhng th tch bng nhau nn th tch mi dung dch l 50 ml.
n AgNO3 0, 42.0,05 0,021mol n Pb(NO3 )2 0, 018mol n Al 0,019mol
;
;

Al 3AgNO3 Al NO3 3 3Ag


0,019

0,021

0,021

2Aldu 3 Pb NO3 2 2Al NO3 3 3 Pb


0,12

0,018

0,018

Cht rn sau phn ng c Ag v Pb: mrn = 0,021.108 0,018.207 5,994 gam.


Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 37: p n C
Trang 282/305

Cu hi c bn v ng phn v danh php ca hidrocacbon.


Cu 38: p n A
n CO2 0,04 mol n OH 0,02 0,015.2 0,05mol n Ba 2 0,015mol
;
;

C: k=

n OHn CO2

0,05
=1,25 2 mui HCO3- (x mol) v CO32- (y mol).
0,04

Ta c:

x y 0, 04
x 0, 03; y 0, 01 .

x 2y 0, 05
Kt ta l BaCO3 : n BaCO3 = 0,01mol mBaCO3 = 1,97gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim.
Cu 39: p n A
Mg l kim loi mnh, N2O khng phi sn phm kh duy nht nn c kh nng c NH4NO3.
p dng bo ton e:
2.n Mg 8.n N2O 8.n NH4 NO3

n NH4 NO3

2.0,1 8.0, 0125


0, 0125mol
8
.

Vy mui gm Mg(NO3)2 v NH4NO3:


mmui = 0,1.148 + 0,0125.80 = 15,8 (gam).
Cu 40: p n C

nCa (OH )2 0,1mol


Khi V = b (l) th lng kt ta ln nht
CO2 Ca(OH )2 CaCO3 H 2O
0,1 0,1
0,1
nCO2 0,1mol V 0,1.22, 4 2, 24 l
Khi V = a (l) th lng kt ta tan ht
CO2 Ca(OH ) 2 CaCO3 H 2O
0,1 0,1

0,1

CaCO3 CO2 H 2O Ca ( HCO3 )2


0,1

CO2

0,1

0, 2mol V 0, 2.22, 4 4, 48 l

Li bnh: Khi cho CO2 tc dng vi Ca(OH)2 ta c cc phng trnh sau:


CO2 Ca(OH )2 CaCO3 H 2O
Nu cn CO2 th kt ta CaCO3 tan dn do phn ng sau:
CaCO3 CO2 H 2O Ca( HCO3 )2
Khi nCO2 nCa (OH )2 th lng kt ta thu c cc i
Khi nCO2 2nCa (OH )2 th ta thy ch sinh ra mui Ca(HCO3)2
Cu 41: p n C
Bi tp d v phn nhn bit cht hu c.
Cu 42: p n B
n OH- = n H+ + 3.n Al3+ = 0,04 + 3.0,02 = 0.1mol V = 0,5 lt = 500 ml
Trang 283/305

Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng ca dung dch kim vi dung dch hn hp axit.


Cu 43: p n A
C: mCO2 + mH2O =m - mddgiam = 25 - 7,7 = 17,3gam.
n CO2 n 0, 25mol mCO2 11gam mH2O 6,3gam n H2O 0,35mol

X l ankan.
S Ctb =

n CO2
n ankan

0,25
=2,5 C2H6 v C3H8.
0,1

Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng t chy hidrcacbon.


Cu 44: p n B

H
C2 H4 H2O
C2 H5OH
t
C2 H5OH CuO
CH3CHO Cu H2O
0

Mn
2CH3CHO O2
2CH3COOH

Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c.


Cu 45: p n B
C: n N2 = 0,05mol

moxi = 8,7 0,3.12 0,25.2 0,05.2.14 = 3,2 n oxi = 0,2mol


Gi cng thc ca X l CxHyOzNt th:
x : y : z : t = 0,3 : 0,5 : 0,2 : 0,1 = 3 : 5 : 2 : 1 C3H5O2N

Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng t chy amino axit.


Cu 46: p n C
CO2 sinh ra b hp th vo Ba OH 2 n CO2 = 0,046 mol = n O(oxit)
Khi lng hn hp oxit ban u:
moxit ban u = mcht rn + mO 4,784 0,046.16 5,52g .
Gi x l mol FeO; y l mol Fe2O3 ta c:

x y 0, 04
x 0, 01

72x 160y 5,52


y 0, 03 x : y 1: 3 .
Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng CO kh oxit kim loi.
Cu 47: p n C
Cu hi d v cu hnh e v xc nh v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cu 48: p n C
- Nhn thy cc cht u to c mi trng baz tr phenol to ra mi trng axit X l phenol
loi B v D.
- Tnh baz tng dn theo trt t anilin < amoniac < metyl amin Z l CH3NH2; T l NH3 v Y l
C6H5NH2.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt i hi hc sinh vn dng so snh nhit si v pH ca cc dung dch.
Cu 49: p n D
Cu hi v ha mi trng.
Cu 50: p n A
T khi hn hp kh N2O v N2 so vi H2 l 17,2 n N2O : n N2 = 2 : 3
Trang 284/305

Cn bng 2 phng trnh:

8Al + 30HNO3 8Al NO3 3 + 3N2O + 15H2O


10 Al+ 36 HNO3 10 Al NO3 3 + 3 N2 + 18 H2O

nhn vi 2
nhn vi 3

Vy cng 2 phng trnh li ta c:

46Al + 168 HNO3 46Al NO3 3 + 6N2O + 9N2 + 84 H2O


Suy ra a = 46; b =168
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh .

Trang 285/305

P N S 19
5B
6D
7C

1B

2A

3D

4A

8C

9C

10C

11D

12B

13A

14C

15B

16B

17A

18D

19D

20A

21D

22C

23D

24B

25B

26D

27C

28C

29B

30D

31B

32B

33D

34B

35B

36A

37D

38B

39B

40D

41B

42A

43C

44C

45C

46B

47A

48D

49B

50B

HNG DN GII CHI TIT


Cu 1.p n B
Tng
electron

Na

Na+

CH4

H2S

NH3

Mg

Mg2+

Al3+

SiH4

HF

H2O

11

10

18

10

10

12

10

10

18

10

10

Li bnh: Cu hi khng kh v cu to nguyn t nhng i hi hc sinh phi nh c s th t


ca cc nguyn t lin quan trong bng tun hon.
Cu 2. p n A.
R rng X, Y u sinh ra do amino axit c CT Cn H 2n1O2 N . Do vy ta c cng thc ca X, Y tng
ng l: C3n H 6n1O4 N3 ( X ), C4 n H8n2O5 N4 (Y )
Phn ng chy:
C3n H 6 n1O4 N3 pO2 3nCO2
(3n 0,5) H 2O N 2

0, 2 mol

0,6n(mol )

0, 2.(3n 0,5) mol

Ta c phng trnh tng khi lng H2O v CO2: 44.n.0,6 18.0, 2.(3n 0,5) 109,8 n 3
Phn ng chy Y:
C4 n H 8n2O5 N 4 pO2 4nCO2
(4n 1) H 2O N 2

0,3 mol
0,3. p
1, 2n(mol ) 0,3.(4n 1) mol
p dng BT nguyn t Oxi: 0,3.5 0,3.2. p 1, 2.3.2 0,3(4.3 1) p 15
nO2 15.0,3 4,5(mol )
Vy s mol O2 cn dng l 4,5 mol.
Cu 3. p n D
Cu hi tng hp v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.
- A sai v xenluloz khng c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
- B sai v saccaroz khng c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
- C sai v ivinyl v tinh bt khng c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
Cu 4. p n A.

nNaOH V .1mol; nHCl 0,1mol; nAlCl3 0, 2mol


Khi V = a ml th bt u xut hin kt ta
HCl NaOH NaCl H 2O
0,1
Vy

0,1

NaOH

0,1 mol V b

n
0,1lt =100ml
CM

Khi V = b ml th lng kt ta tan ht


Trang 286/305

HCl NaOH NaCl H 2 O


0,1

0,1

Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3
0, 2 0, 6

0, 2

Al (OH )3 OH Al (OH ) 4
0, 2

0, 2

n
0,9lt = 900ml
CM
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn, hc sinh cn ch ti hai im a v b. Ti a bt u xut hin kt ta, ti b
kt ta tan ht.

NaOH

0,9 mol V b

Cu 5. p n B
Li bnh: Cu hi thc nghim c s dng hnh v tng t cu hi trong thi i hc khi A, B
2014.
Cu 6. p n D
NH4Cl mi trng axit do NH4 HOH

NH3 H3O

Dung dch Na2CO3 c mi trng baz do:

CO32 H2O

HCO3 OH

Dung dch NH3: Dung dch baz yu.


Dung dch NaOH: Dung dch baz mnh.
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v mi trng ca dung dch.
Cu 7. p n C
Bi ton tm kim loi l.

2M + nCl2 2MCln
x

n
x (mol)
2

4M + nO2 2M 2O n
x

n
x (mol)
4

S mol Cl2 cn li: n Cl2 du =1 S mol O2 cn li: nO2 =1 -

n
x (mol)
2

n
x (mol)
4

n
1- x 1,8
2
Theo bi:
=
n.x = 0,2 (1)
n 1,9
1- x
4

Mt khc: Mx = 2,4 (2)


Ly (1): (2) ta c: M = 12n
Bin lun M l Mg.
Cu 8. p n C
X l nit, Y l photpho.
Ha tr cao nht trong hp cht ca N l IV, cn ca P l V
Trang 287/305

k thng n cht N2 l kh, n cht photpho l cht rn (P4 hoc (P4)n)


k thng N2 km hot ng hn n cht photpho v c lin kt ba bn
Ch c N2 tc dng vi H2 k thch hp, cn P khng phn ng.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v bng tun hon.
Cu 9. p n C
in phn in cc tr: CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
V X tan ht trong NaOH cn d nn X ch cha Cl2.
n Cl2 = n Cu =

0,32
= 0,005 (mol) .
64

Cl2 2NaOH NaCl NaOCl H2O


S mol NaOH phn ng: n NaOH = 0,005.2 = 0,01 (mol) .
S mol NaOH cn li: nNaOH d = 0,05.0,2 = 0,01(mol) .
Vy nng NaOH ban u: CM =

0,02
= 0,1M.
0,2

Li bnh: Bi ton in phn n gin.


Cu 10. p n C

Fe 2Ag Fe2 2Ag


0,1

0, 2

0,1

Cu 2Ag Cu 2 2Ag

0, 2

0,1

0, 2

0, 2

Sau hai phn ng Ag vn cn 0,5 (0,2 + 0,2) = 0,1 mol nn c phn ng

Fe2 Ag Fe3 Ag
0,1

0,1

0,1

mcht rn = mAg 0, 2 0, 2 0,1 .108 54 g .


Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 11. p n D

2FeS2 + 14H 2SO4 Fe(SO4 )3 + 15SO2 + 14H 2O (1)

0,002

0,015

2FeS + 10H 2SO4 Fe2 (SO4 )3 + 9SO2 + 10H 2O (2)


0,003

0,0135

5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H 2O 2MnSO4 + 2H 2SO4 + K 2SO4 (3)


0,0285

0,0114

Theo (1, 2): nSO2 0,015 0,0135 0,0285 mol


(3) n

H+

2.n H2SO4 2.0,0114 0,0228 mol

Dung dch Z c pH = 2 [ H + ] = 0,01M.


Vy V =

0,0228
= 2,28 (lt).
0,01

Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng oxi ha kh.


Cu 12. p n B
Al + H 2O + OH- Al OH 4 +
-

3
H2
2
Trang 288/305

Ta c: n H2 =

0,672
= 0,03(mol)
22,4

n Al(OH)- = 0,02(mol) , n OH- = 0,03(mol)


4

du

Khi cho axit HCl vo dung dch A c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
H OH H 2O
Al OH 4

H Al OH 3 H 2O

Al OH 3 3H Al3 3H 2O

V 0,03 0,02 0,05 nH 0,03 0,02.4 0,11


ht OH-, Al(OH)4-.
Thu c x mol Al OH 3 v y mol Al3+ :

x + y = 0,02
x = 0,015

x + 4y = 0,065 - 0,03 = 0,035 y = 0,005


Vy khi lng Al(OH)3 l m = 0,015.78 = 1,17(gam)
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca Al vi dung dch kim.
Cu 13. p n A.
Cng thc chung Cn H 2 n2O2
35, 46
4, 02 0,18.14
nCO2
0,18 mol S mol hn hp l: nhh
0, 05(mol )
197
30
Khi lng bnh 1 tng = khi lng H2O hp th.
Vy gi tr ca m l: nH2O 0,13 mol m mH2O 0,13.18 2,34( gam)
Cu 14. p n C
Cu hi l thuyt lin quan n s chuyn ha gia cc hp cht ca canxi.
Cu 15. p n B
Cu hi d v iu ch kim loi.
Cc kim loi K, Na, Ca l nhng kim loi mnh ch dng in phn nng chy iu ch.
Cu 16. p n B
CuS

Ptp
bi:

1 mol
m gam

S mol CuS: n CuS =

3
O2 CuO
2
1 mol

SO2

khi lng gim 16 gam


khi lng gim 4,8 gam

(m - 4,8) gam

4,8
= 0,3 (mol).
16

3CuO 2NH3 3Cu N2 3H2O


Kh khng mu nng hn khng kh: N2O

4Cu + 10HNO3 4Cu(NO3 )2 + N2O + 5H2O


n Cu = 0,3 (mol); n e = 0,3.2 = 0,6(mol); n N2O =
V = 1,68 lit

0,6
= 0,075(mol)
8

Vy khi lng ca CuS l: mCuS 0,3.98 28,8 (gam).


Trang 289/305

Cu 17. p n A
Gi s mol CuO, Fe2O3 v MgO tng ng l x, y v z.
Ta c:
80.x+ 160.y + 40z = 12 hay 2x + 4y + z = 0,3.
S mol HCl: n HCl = 0,225.2 = 0,450 (mol).
2x + 6y + 2z = 0,450

Kh bng CO th MgO khng tham gia nn ta c:


64x + 2y.56 + 40z = 10
Kt hp gii h phng trnh:

2 x 4 y z 0,3
x 0, 05

2 x 6 y 2 z 0, 450 y 0, 025
64 x 2 y.56 40 z 10
z 0,1

Vy phn trm khi lng Fe2O3 l %mFe2O3 =

0,05.160
= 66,67% .
12

Li bnh: Bi ton d v hn hp oxit kim loi.


Cu 18. p n D
Gi ha tr kim loi M l n, cng thc oxit l M 2On , cng thc mui clorua: MCln v mui nitrat l
M(NO3)n
Ta c: M + 62.n M + 35,5.n = 99,38%. M + 8n
26,5n = 0,9938M + 7,9504n M = 18,66533n

M l Fe Cng thc oxit l Fe2O3


Cu 19. p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d.
Ch : CuS l kt ta khng tan trong axit thng thng.
Cu 20. p n A.
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cc cht v c
cng thc cu to ca X l CH3CH2NH3NO3
C2 H5 NH3 NO3 NaOH C2 H5 NH 2 NaNO3 H 2O
Vy cht rn thu c sau phn ng l NaOH d v NaNO3:
mr 0,15.85 40.0,05 14,75( gam).
Li bnh: y l dng bi ton c bn. Hc sinh cn xc nh c cht rn sau phn ng.
Cu 21. p n D
Cc hidrocacbon kh c phn ng vi AgNO3 trong NH3 gm:
CHCH; CHC-CH3; CHC-CH2-CH3; CHC-CH=CH2; CHC-CCH.
Li bnh: y l cu hi l thuyt phc tp.
Cu 22. p n C
Cc dung dch trong cc l 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 tng ng l: Al2(SO4)3, NaOH, BaCl2, Na2SO4,
(CH3COO)2Ca.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt hay.
Cu 23. p n D

Trang 290/305

S mol hn hp: n hh =

1,12
= 0,05 (mol) ;
22,4

S mol CO2: n CO2 =

4,84
= 0,11 (mol) ;
44

S mol H2O: n H2O =

2,88
= 0,16 (mol) ;
18

CH
Do n H2O > n CO2 nn hai hirocacbon l ankan; gi cng thc chung l n 2n2
n=

0,11
= 2,2(mol) hai ankan l C2 H6 v C3H8 .
0,05

p dng quy tc ng cho ta c:


C2H6 2

0,8

%VC2H6 = 80%

0,2

%VC3H8 = 20%

2,2
C3H8 3

Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng t chy hidrocacbon.


Cu 24. p n B
Ta c: n H2 =

0,56
2,688
= 0,025(mol); n CO2 =
= 0,12 (mol).
22,4
22,4

Gi s mol X, Y mi phn tng ng l n X , n Y n X + n Y = 0,025.2 = 0,05 (mol)


S nguyn t C trung bnh ca hn hp X, Y l: n C =

0,12
= 24 .
0,05

X, Y c khi lng bng nhau nn d dng suy ra axit X l CH3COOH v ancol Y l C3H7OH. Li c:

n X + n Y = 0,05

2n X + 3n Y = 0,12

n = 0,03
X
n Y = 0,02

Vy phn trm khi lng X, Y trong hn hp l:

0,03
.100% = 60%
(0,03 + 0,02)
0,02
%mC3H7 OH =
.100% = 40%
(0,03 + 0,02)
%mCH3COOH =

Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng t chy cc hp cht hu c.


Cu 25. p n B

2(nCa2 nMg 2 ) 0,12 nHCO nc trong cc l nc cng ton phn.


3

Ch c th dng Na2CO3, K3PO4 v NaOH lm mm loi nc cng ny.


Li bnh: Bi ton hay v nc cng.
Cu 26. p n D
Y tc dng vi Na d c th tch H2 ng bng th tch hi ca X bng th tch hi ca Y. Do vy Y
c hai nhm OH, X c hai nhm CHO. X kt hp vi ti a ba th tch H2 nn X l andehit khng no
c hai nhm CHO.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d v cng thc tng qut ca anehit.
Cu 27. p n C
Trang 291/305

Cht hu c tham gia c vo phn ng trng hp nu c lin kt i C = C hoc vng khng bn


cc cht co phn ng gm: CH2=CHCH3, C6H5CH=CH2, CH2=CH-CH=CH2.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v iu kin trng hp ca cht hu c.
Cu 28. p n C
46,15 4,615 49,235
:
:
=5:6:4
12
1
16
CTPT ca X: C5H6O4

X c n C : n H : n O =

V X tc dng H2 theo t l mol 1 : 1, tc dng vi NaOH nng cho mt mui v hai cht hu c trong
c mt cht c phn ng trng bc Chn C.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn lp cng thc phn t cht hu c.
Cu 29. p n B
nX = nNaOH = 0,1; nAg = 0,4 X l este ca axit fomic v ancol to thnh trong qu trnh x phng ha
cht X cng khng bn s chuyn ha thnh anehit.
Cc cu to tha mn l: HCOOCH=CH-CH2CH3 v HCOOCH=C(CH3)2
Cu 30. p n D
M t A: Hin tng ng t bi nhit ca protit: ng.
M t B: Phn ng to mu vng vi HNO3 cca protit: ng.
M t C: t chy mt mu lng trng trng xut hin mi kht nh mi tc chy: ng.
M t D: Nh vi git dung dch NaOH v dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch lng trng trng to phc
mu xanh tm.
Cu 31. p n B
Coi dung dch Y gm glyxin x mol, axit glutamic y mol v HCl 0,1 mol
S mol NaOH l: n NaOH =

34.25
= 0,2125(mol)
100.40

C: x + y + 0,1 = 0,2125 1
Mt khc: 75x + 147y = 8,325 2
Gii h gm (1) v (2): x = y = 0,0375 mol Vy phn trm s mol mi cht bng 50%.
Li bnh: Bi ton hn hp amino axit thng gp.
Cu 32. p n B
CTPT ca amino axit (A) l CnH2n + 1O2N
ipeptit X c CTPT l C2nH4nO3N2 x (mol)
C2nH4nO3N2 + H2O + 2HCl 2 CnH2n + 2O2NCl
Ta c: 13,2 + 36,5.2x + 18x = 22,3 x = 0,1 (mol)
MX = 132 = 2MA -18 MA= 75 A l glyxin
Y l Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly c CTPT C12H20O7N6
C12H20O7N6 + 13,5O2 12CO2 + 10H2O + 3N2
0,1 mol 1,35 mol
Vy s mol O2 cn dng l 1,35 mol.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v peptit.
Cu 33. p n D
nNaOH = 2mol; mdd NaOH = 4200 gam.
Trang 292/305

Gi s mol NaHCO3 v Na2CO3 ln lt l x v y.


- Bo ton Na: x + 2y = 2 (1).
- Tng nng ca 2 mui: 84 x 106 y 0,03211(4200 44 x 44 y) (2)
Gii h (1) v (2) x = 1; y = 0,5 nCO2 = 1,5 nGlucoz = 0,75
m

0, 75.180.100
192,9 gam
70

Li bnh: Bi ton kh v phn ng ln men glucoz.


Cu 34. p n B.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v vt liu polime.
Ch : Poliacrilonitrin c dng sn xut t
Cu 35. p n
nNaOH phn ng = 0,5 = naxit D gm 0,5mol RCOONa v 0,2mol NaCl
mrn = 0,5.MRCOONa + 0,2.58,5 = 52,58 MRCOONa = 81,76 MR = 14,76
trong hn hp c HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Gi s mol HCOONa, CH3COONa v CnH2n-1COONa c trong E ln lt l x, y v z.
Ta c: x + y + z = 0,5 (1).
maxit = 12nC + nH + 32.0,5 = (87,16 22).0,5 = 32,58 12nC + nH = 13,88 (2)

n
1
n

Phn ng t chy E: 44 nC nNa2CO3 18 H NaOH


2
2

44,14

44nC + 9nH = 59,64 (3).


Gii h (1), (2) v (3) nC = 1,02; nH = 1,64

nH 1,64; nCO2 1,02mol; nH2O 0,82mol nCO2 nH2O z 0, 2.


Bo ton C ta c: x + 2y + (n + 1).0,2 = 1,02 (4).
Thay z vo (1) x + y = 0,3.
Thay vo (4) y + 0,2(n + 1) = 0,72 0,2(n + 1) < 0,72
n < 2,6 ch c n = 2 ph hp.
%CH2=CHCOOH =

0, 2.72.100
44, 20%
32,58

Li bnh: Bi tp kh v phn ng t chy axit hu c.


Cu 36. p n A.
Mui X c cng thc phn t l: CH3CH 2CH 2 NH3 NO3
19,52
C nX
0,16 mol ; nKOH 0, 2 mol
122
CH 3CH 2CH 2 NH 3 NO3 KOH CH 3CH 2CH 2 NH 2 KNO3 H 2O

0,16

0,16(mol )

0,16
S mol KOH d l: nKOH sau p.u 0, 2 0,16 0,04(mol )
Cc cht v c sau phn ng gm KNO3 v KOH d
Vy khi lng cc cht v c l: mr mKNO3 mKOH du 101.0,16 56.0,04 18, 4( gam)
Cu 37. p n D
Nhn xt: Ch ancol a chc c cc nhm OH cnh nhau mi c kh nng ha tan Cu(OH)2 to dung
dch mu xanh lam m.
Cu 38. p n B
Trang 293/305

Nc Brom phn bit c ancol no, khng no v phenol. Cu(OH)2 phn bit c ancol a chc c
cc nhm OH cnh nhau.
Cu 39. p n B

CH3COOH NaOH CH 3COONa H 2O


x

CH3C6 H 4 OH NaOH CH3C6 H 4ONa H 2O


z

z
RH
( x y z)

C: n H2 =

Na

1
H2
2

1
( x y z)
2

4,48
= 0,2(mol)
22,4

Theo bi ta c:
60 x 60 y 108 z 28,8 x 0, 2

x z 0,3
y 0,1

x y z 0, 4
z 0,1

Vy s mol axit axetic l 0,2 mol.


Cu 40. p n D
Cc pht biu ng gm: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt kh v cc hp cht v c.
Cu 41. p n B
Trong dung dch B c c H+.
Cu 42. p n A
- Do cc axit u no loi B.
Hai axit no n chc k tip nhau nn c th gi cng thc chung l CnH2n+1COOH.
S mol hn hp hai axit l nZ. t chy hon ton s thu c (n + 1).nZ mol CO2 v (n + 1).nZ mol
H2O.
Theo bi: n + 1 n Z .44 - n + 1 n Z .18 = 5,46 (n+1)n Z = 0,21 (1)
Ly 1/2 khi lng Z tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va th thu c nZ/2 mol mui
CnH2n+1COONa

nZ
14n + 68 = 3,9 (2)
2

Gii h (1,2) n Z = 0,09; n =

4
Vy 2 axit l CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
3

Li bnh: Bi ton n gin v hn hp axit cacboxylic.


Cu 43. p n C
Cu hi l thuyt v axit cacboxylic.
Cu 44. p n C.
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra :

Trang 294/305

3
2 Fe O2 Fe2O3
2
3
a a
4
1
2 FeCO3 O2 Fe2O3 2CO2
2
b
b

b
4
11
2 FeS2 O2 Fe2O3 4SO2
2
11
c
c

2c
2
V p1 = p2 n1 n2 nO2 (nCO2 nSO2 )

3a b 11c

b 2c b a c
4 4 4

Cu 45. p n C
Khi lng cht rn tng ln chnh l khi lng oxi tham gia phn ng bng: 8,1 5,7 = 2,4 gam.
2,4
= 0,15(mol) .
16
bng HCl 1M th s mol HCl bng 2 ln s mol nguyn t O:

S mol nguyn t oxi: n O =


Ha tan

n HCl = 2.0,15 = 0,3 (mol) VHCl = 300 (ml).


Li bnh: Bi ton d hay gp vi hn hp kim loi.
Cu 46. p n B
lng NaOH cn dng l ln nht phi c qu trnh ha tan mt phn kt ta NaOH dng
trung ha HCl d; kt ta ht AlCl3 v ha tan mt phn kt ta
n NaOH n HCl ban au n Al n d b a c. nNaOH = nHCl ban u + (nAl - nkt ta) d =

b + a c.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v phn ng ca mui Al3+ tc dng vi dung dch kim.
Cu 47. p n A
Penixilin l thuc khng sinh, khng phi l cht gy nghin.
Cu 48. p n D
Gi cng thc ca E l R(OH)n.
R OH n nNa R ONa n

C n H2 =

n
H2
2

1,568
= 0,07 (mol) .
22,4

Khi lng bnh tng thm l khi lng gc R(O)n li trong bnh:
n R(O)n = 0,07.

2
0,14
(mol).
=
n
n

M
0,14
MR + 16n = 6,3 R = 29 .
n
n
Bin lun:

Vy

3
Trang 295/305

MR

29

14,5

Kt lun

Tha mn

Loi

Loi

Vy ancol E l C2H5OH.
Li bnh: Bi ton d v ancol.
Cu 49. p n B
X phn ng vi NaOH iu kin thng cho ammoniac X l mui amoni.
Do vy C4 H9 NO2 c ba ng phn:
CH2 = CH CH2 COONH4
CH3 CH = CH COONH4 (c ng phn hnh hc)
CH2 = C(CH3) COONH4
Li bnh: Cu hi d v ng phn mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic.
Cu 50. p n B
Cu hi d v cc phn ng chuyn ha ca gluxit.

Trang 296/305

P N S 20
5B
6B
7A

1D

2C

3A

4C

8A

9B

10D

11D

12D

13B

14B

15D

16A

17A

18D

19A

20B

21B

22B

23B

24A

25A

26B

27C

28A

29B

30D

31D

32C

33D

34C

35A

36C

37D

38D

39B

40B

41D

42D

43B

44A

45C

46A

47C

48A

49B

50C

HNG DN GII CHI TIT


Cu 1: p n D
-Phn (1) khi tc dng vi HNO3, s dng phng php bo ton mol electron tnh c: nMg = 0,04;
nFe = 0,06.
- Phn (2): S mol Fe d l: n Fe du

7, 68.21,88
0, 03mol ; S mol Fe phn ng vi mui l:
56.100

nFe phn ng = 0,06 0,03 = 0,03mol.


- S dng phng php bo ton mol electron:
2.n Mg 2n Fe n Ag 2n Cu 2

2.0,04 2.0,03 a 2b

Mt khc 108a 64b 6 a 0,02 b 0,06 CAgNO3 0,05M;CCu NO3 0,15M.


2

Li bnh: Bi ton hay gp v hn hp kim loi. Hc sinh bit vn dng phng php bo ton e th
vic gii bi ton s thun li.
Cu 2: p n C

1
O2
2
1/ 4x

2Fe NO3 2 Fe 2O3 4NO 2


x

2x

2Al NO3 3 Al2 O3 6NO 2


y

3y

3
O2
2
3 / 4y

4NO 2 O 2 2H 2 O 4HNO3

3
1

nNO2 4nO2 2 x 3 y 4. x y 0,005 x 0,02mol


4
4

pH = 1,7 nn [H+] = 0,02, nHNO3 0,02.3,5 0,07 2 x 3 y y 0,01mol m 5,73gam .


Li bnh: Bi ton nhit phn mui nitrat.
Hc sinh cn ch v gi thit cho khng c kh sinh ra nn nNO2 4nO2
Cu 3: p n A
T l mol X: NaOH = 2: 3 do vy c este cha gc C6H5.

R COONa : 0,1mol
: 0,1mol
R COO R '

R '' COONa : 0,1mol

R '' COO C6H5 : 0,1mol


C H ONa
: 0,1mol
6 5
m 25,5 R R '' 2
Trang 297/305

R = R = 1. Mt khc MROH = 46 ancol l C2H5OH.


Vy hai este l: HCOOC2H5 v HCOOC6H5.
Li bnh: Bi ton x phng ha hn hp este.
Cu 4: p n C
S dng phng php bo ton in tch:

2.n Mg2 2n Ca 2 n Na 2nSO2 n Cl n HCO


4

n HCO 0,7 mol


3

to

2HCO3 CO3
0, 7

(n

Mg 2

.
CO 2 H 2 O

0, 35
n Ca 2 ) 0,3 0,35

do Mg2+ v Ca2+ ht: nc mm.


Cu 5: p n B
S dng phng php bo ton e:

m mkl 96nSO2 19 0,7.96 86, 2(gam)


Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng ca kim loi vi H2SO4 c
Cu 6: p n B
Ta c: nCO2 nH2O nn axit l no v n chc.
S nguyn t C trung bnh: n = nCO2/nhh = 1,4 2 axit l HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v axit hu c.
Cu 7: p n A
Anilin khng tc dng vi KOH.
Li bnh: Cu hi li thuyt d v tnh cht ca amin.
Cu 8: p n A

C4 H10 C4H8 H2

C4 H8 Br2 C4 H8Br2

C4 H10 C4 H6 2H2

C4 H6 2Br2 C4 H6 Br4

nH 2 nBr2 0, 08mol
nRH ( X ) 0,12mol nC4 H10 ban dau 6,96 gam
M X 34,8 d 17, 4.
Li bnh: Bi ton hay v phn ng dehidro ha.
Cu 9: p n B
S dng phng php bo ton mol electron:
2n Fe n Ag 2n Cu 2
nAg = 0,01; nCu = 0,01; nFe d = 0,005 m = 2 gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton thy luyn.
Cu 10: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt n gin v phn ng cng ca ankin.
Trang 298/305

CH3-CC-CH3 + HBr CH3-CH=CBr-CH3


CH3-CH=CBr-CH3 + HBr CH3-CH2-CBr2-CH3
Cu 11: p n D
Cc phng trnh trong pin in ha Zn Cu:

Zn Zn 2 2e
Cu 2 2e Cu
Vy nng Zn2+ tng ln trong dung dch.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v pin in.
Cu 12: p n D
- C 2,96 gam hn hp tc dng vi HCl th c 0,672 lt H2.
Nu 11,84 gam hn hp tc dng vi HCl th c 2,688 lt H2: n H2 0,12mol.
Khi tc dng HCl th ch Fe phn ng: n Fe n H2 0,12.
Khi tc dng HNO3 c ngui, ch Cu phn ng.

0,12.56
0,08 n NO2 2n Cu 0,16 V 3,584 lit.
64
Li bnh: Bi ton d v kim loi. Hc sinh cn lu lng hn hp thc hin trong 2 ln th nghim
khc nhau.
n Cu

11,84

Cu 13:p n B.

nNaOH V .1 (mol ); nHCl 0,1 (mol ); nAl2 ( SO4 )3 0,05 (mol ) nAl3 0,1 (mol )
Khi V = b ml th lng kt ta thu c nhiu nht
HCl NaOH NaCl H 2O
0,1

0,1

Al 3OH Al (OH )3
0,1 0,3
Vy n NaOH 0, 4 mol nAl (OH )3 0,1 mol mAl (OH )3 a 7,8 ( gam)

n NaOH 0, 4 mol VNaOH b 0, 4(lit )


Cu 14: p n B
Cho Al3+ tc dng vi 0,3mol OH- thu c 0,1mol Al(OH)3
giai on ny ch c phn ng to kt ta.
Thm 0,2mol OH- na nhng ch thu thm 0,04mol Al(OH)3 na giai on ny c c phn ng ha
tan kt ta.
0,5 3.0,14 4nAlO nAlO 0,02 nAl3 0,16mol x 1,6M .
2

Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca Al3+ vi dung dch kim.


Cu 15: p n D
Do amin khng to bt kh vi HNO2 amin bc II hoc bc III. Cc ng phn c th l:

CH3 NH CH 2 CH 2 CH3
CH3 NH CH CH3 2

CH3 CH 2 NH CH 2 CH3

CH3 2 N

CH 2 CH3

Li bnh: Cu hi d v ng phn ca amin. Hc sinh cn ch vit y ng phn bc I, bc II


Trang 299/305

v bc III.
Cu 16: p n A
%mC + %mH + %mCl = 100% X ch cha C, H v Cl
Gi CTPT ca X l CxHyClt. Ta c:
x:y:t

14, 28 1,19 84,53


:
:
1,19 :1,19 : 2,38 1:1: 2
12
1
35,5

CTPT ca X lCnHnCl2n. V 2n + n 2n + 2 n 2.
Nu n = 1; X l CHCl2 (loi)
Nu n = 2; X l C2H2Cl4.
S ng phn cu to ca X l 2.
Cu 17: p n A

nCO2 nH2O nankan 0,375mol nCaCO3 mCaCO3 37,5gam .


Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng t chy ankan.
Cu 18:p n D

nCO2 0,5mol; nH2O 0,7mol nancol 0, 2mol C 2,5 C2 H5OH v C3 H 7OH


V 2,5.2 2 3 nC2 H5OH nC3H7OH 0,1 %mC2 H5OH 43, 4%
Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng t chy ancol.
Cu 19: p n A
Cc ng phn:
CH 2 NH 2 CH 2CH 2COOH
CH 3CH NH 2 CH 2COOH
CH 3CH 2 CH NH 2 COOH

CH3 2 C NH 2 COOH
CH 2 NH 2 CH CH 3 COOH
Li bnh: Cu hi d v ng phn ca amino axit.
Cu 20: p n B

Cn H 2n 1OCn H 2n 1
Cn H 2n 1OH

H 2O
Cm H 2m1OCm H 2m1

Cm H 2m1OH
C H
m 2m1OCn H 2n 1
V m > n 14m + 18 = 28n + 18 m = 2n.
Cu 21: p n B
Li bnh: Cu hi d v iu ch kim loi.
Cu 22: p n B.
PV
RT
S mol khng thay i, nh vy nu nhit thay i th p sut thay i
ng nghim bn tri un nng: Nhit tng p sut tng
ng nghim bn phi ngm nc : Nhit gim p sut gim
Cu 23: p n B

Ta c n

Li bnh: Cu hi d v mi trng ca dung dch.


Cc dung dch lm i mu qu tm thnh xanh: aminoac; metylamin; natri hiroxit v natri axetat.
Trang 300/305

Cu 24: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi d v chuyn dch cn bng.
Khi tng p sut, cn bng b chuyn dch theo chiu c tng h s cht kh nh hn.
Cu 25: p n A
Gm etyl benzoat, phenol, axit butiric, phenylamoni clorua, allyl bromua, o-metylphenol.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.
Cu 26: p n B
Li bnh: Cu hi d v n mn in ha. Hc sinh ch cn nm c ba iu kin ca n mn in
ha.
Cc trng hp c n mn in ha l: Sn AgNO3 ; Sn H2SO4 CuSO4 .
Cu 27: p n C
Cu hnh electron ca X l: 1s22s22p63s23p5.
Cu hnh electron ca Y l: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v cu hnh e v v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cu 28: p n A
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng cho oxi trong phn ng chy:

nO ( hh ) 2nO2 2nCO2 nH 2O 4nhh 2nO2 2nCO2 nH 2O


mH 2O 5, 4 gam
Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng t chy hn hp cht hu c.
Cu 29: p n B
Ancol tch nc cho anken nn ancol l no n chc.
t chy hon ton m gam mt ancol thu c 0,03 mol CO2 v 0,04 mol H2O nancol = 0,01mol =
nanken = nBr2 Vdd Br2 = 0,01/0,2 = 0,05 lit = 50ml.
Li bnh: Bi ton v ancol.
Cu 30: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi d v ng phn. Hc sinh cn nm c tn gi ca cc hp cht hu c v cc
iu kin cht hu c c ng phn hnh hc.
Cu 31: p n D
Do cho t t nn cc phn ng xy ra theo th t:

HCl

Na2CO3 NaHCO3 NaCl

0, 2mol 0, 2 mol 0, 2 mol

HCl NaHCO3 NaCl CO2 H 2O


0,1mol 0,1mol

0,1mol

Sau phn ng: nCO2 0,1mol V 2, 24lt.


S mol NaHCO3 d l 0,2 0,1 = 0,1mol.

NaHCO3 Ba OH 2 BaCO3 NaOH H 2O


nBaCO3 0,1mol m 19,7 gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng ca mui cacbonat vi dung dch axit v baz.
Cu 32: p n C
SO2 v SO3 l oxit ca axit trung bnh v yu s tc dng c vi mui ca axit yu.
Trang 301/305

Cu 33: p n D
Cht lng tnh va c kh nng nhng, va c kh nng nhn H+ (tc dng c vi c axit v
baz).
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v vai tr ca cht theo thuyt Bronstet.
Cu 34: p n C
Cu hi hay gp v ng v.
- Cng thc ca nc: H2O.
- Nu 2 nguyn t H trong H2O ging nhau c 3 hng chn.
- Nu 2 nguyn t H trong H2O khc nhau c 3 hng chn.
- C 3 hng chn O.
Tng s loi phn t nc = (3 + 3).3 = 18.
Cu 35: p n A
t cng thc ca 2 este no n chc l CnH2nO2. Phn ng chy:

Cn H 2nO2

3n 2

t
O2
nCO2 nH 2O
0

2
Lp t l mol gia O2 v CO2 n = 3,625.
Cho hai este ny tc dng NaOH, thu c hn hp hai ancol k tip mui ca mt axit hu c hai
este l ng ng k tip. CTPT ca 2 este l: C3H6O2 v C4H8O2.
n
0,145
S mol ca 2 este l: CO2 =
= 0,04 mol nmui = 0,04 mol
n
3,625
Mmui=

3,28
= 82 RCOONa = 82 R = 15 CH3.
0,04

Li bnh: Bi ton hay gp v este.


Cu 36: p n C
Thu phn x gam tinh bt trong mi trng axit, sau mt thi gian ly hn hp phn ng em lm
ngui ri nh vo hai git dung dch iot khng thy xut hin mu xanh chng t tinh bt b thy
phn ht thnh glucozo. C: nglucozo =

C6 H10O5 n

1
1 64,8
.nAg = .
= 0,3 mol
2
2 108

n C6 H12O6

n C6H10O5= n C6H12O6 = 0,3 mol


Khi lng tinh bt l: m C6H10O5 = 162 . 0,3 = 48,6 (gam). .
Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng thy phn ca tinh bt.
Cu 37: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi d v cc axit c oxi ca Cl.
Ch : Vi cc axit c O s O tng th tnh axit tng.
Cu 38: p n D
t

X
Hn hp trc (axetilen (0,3 mol), propin (0,4 mol), hiro (0, 5 mol)) Ni,
btkl
n hh trc = 1,2mol; m hh trc = 24,8 gam = nhhX.31 n hhX = 0,8mol
nH 2 p = n hh trc - n hhX = 0,4mol
n hhY = 0,4mol;
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol CH CH , CH C CH3 trong X.
S mol axetilen propin tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3:
o

Trang 302/305

nhhX nhhY 0, 4 x y
x 0, 2

nAgNO3 2 x y 0, 6
y 0, 2

m mC2 Ag2 mC3H3 Ag 0, 2 240 0, 2 147 77, 4 (gam).


Cu 39: p n B
Fe(OH)3 khng tan trong dung dch CH3NH2.
Cu 40: p n B
Do t khi ca hn hp vi khng kh l 1 nN2 nNO
Phng trnh: 13Zn 32HNO3 13Zn NO3 2 2N2 2NO 16H2O.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cu 41: p n D.

H 3C - OOC - CH 2 - COO - C 2 H 5 + NaOH Na - OOC - CH 2 - COO - Na + CH 3 OH + C 2 H 5 OH


X

A. Cht X l este 2 chc ca ancol 2 chc Sai v X tc dng NaOH thu c Y v hn hp ancol nn X l
este 2 chc ca axit 2 chc
B. Cht Y lm mt mu dung dch Br2 Sai v Y l mui no nn khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2
C. Cht T l axit n chc Sai v Y l mui ca axit a chc nn T cng l axit a chc
D. Cht Y c cng thc phn t C3H2O4Na2

Cu 42: p n D
Cu hi so snh nhit si ca cc cht bo.
Cu 43: p n B
t cng thc phn t trung bnh cho 2 anehit no n chc k tip l CnH2nO

3n 1
to
O2
nCO 2 nH 2O
2
(3n 1).3
2
(3n 1).1
n
n
2

Cn H 2nO
1

0
Phn ng chy:
V cc hn hp kh trc v sau phn ng cng V, to nn t l v p sut bng t l v s mol:
nhh ban u / nhh sn phm =

3n 1 .1)
22
47
(n n
n
2,7
2
25
2
17
Vy hai anehit l C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO.
1

3n 1 .3

1,1
22
=
1, 25
25

Li bnh: Bi ton d v anehit.


Cu 44: p n A.
TH1: rn gm: NaOHd; Na3PO4
P2 O5 6NaOH 2Na 3PO 4 3H 2 O

m
142
m
142

BTKL: mP2O5 mNaOH mr mH2O


m 0,5.2.40

3m
142

169m
3m
18.
m 22, 72g
71
142
Trang 303/305

TH 2: P2O5 v NaOH phn ng va : to mui n H2O n NaOH 1 mol.

P2O5 H2O 2H3PO4


BKTL: mH3PO4 mNaOH mr mH2O
98
169m
m 1.40
18.1 m 22gam Loi
71
71

Cu 45: p n C
- Cht to dung dch xanh lam gm: glucoz, etylenglicol.
- Khi un nng, cc cht to kt ta gch gm: glucoz, anehit fomic.
Li bnh: Cu hi nhn bit cc cht hu c d.
Cu 46: p n A

C6 H12O6 2C2 H 5OH 2CO2


CO2 Ca OH 2 CaCO3 H 2O
nCO2 nCaCO3

40
0, 4 mol
100

nC2 H5OH nCO2 0, 4mol

VC2H5OH

nC2 H5OH 0, 4 . 46 18,4(mol)

18, 4
23 ml
0,8

Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ln men ca glucoz.


Cu 47: p n C.
Bo ton khi lng: m 56.0, 4

m 12,6 m 6,68 m 28,32

Mandehit 52, 4 hai andehit CH3 CHO v C2 H 5 CHO


mandehit m 12,6 15,72
15, 72
n andehit n muoi n este
0,3
52, 4
a b 0,3
a 0,12 v b 0,18

44a 58b 15, 72


n KOH du 0,1
Khi lng mi R-COOK l: mRCOOK =m 6,68 56.0,1 29, 4( gam)
Phn t lng mui = R + 83 = 98 R = 15 gc CH 3
A l CH3 COO CH CH 2 (0,12 mol) mA 86.0,12 10,32 gam
10,32
.100 36, 44%
Vy phn trm khi lng ca A l: %mA
28,32
Cu 48: p n A
Cc hn hp tan ht gm: (1), (3), (5).
Cu 49: p n B
- S mol cc cht: NaOH = 0,2; P = 0,1 P2O5 = 0,05.
- T l:

= 4 ch to ra Na2HPO4 (0,1mol) mmui = 14,2 gam chn B.

Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca P2O5 vi dung dch kim.


Cu 50: p n C.
Trang 304/305

Y : CH2 (COONH4)2 v Z : Gly-Gly


CH 2 COONH 4 2 2 NaOH CH 2 COONa 2 2 NH 3 2 H 2O;
0, 06
0,12
Gly Gly 2 NaOH 2 H 2 NCH 2COONa H 2O

0,15
0,3
CH 2 COONH 4 2 2 HCl CH 2 COOH 2 2 NH 4Cl;
0, 06
0, 06
Gly Gly H 2O 2HCl 2ClH 3 NCH 2COOH

0,15

0,3

Khi lng cht hu c thu c l:

m 0,06.104 0,15.132 0,15.18 0,3.36,5 39,69 (gam).

Trang 305/305

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