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S 1
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm 3 peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 2. Thy phn hon ton
m gam X, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 71,20 gam alanin v 52,50 gam glyxin. Bit tng s lin
kt peptit trong phn t ca ba peptit trong X nh hn 10. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 96,70
B. 101,74
C. 100,30
D. 103,9
Cu 2: Ha tan ht 11,44 gam hn hp X gm Fe v FeO bng dung dch cha 0,25mol H2SO4 v
0,15mol HNO3 thu c dung dch Y v hn hp gm 0,08mol NO v a mol NO2 (khng c sn phm
kh no khc). Chia dung dch Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn I tc dng vi 97,5ml dung dch KOH 2M thu c 6,42 gam mt cht kt ta.
- Phn II tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c m gam kt ta.
Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 38,22
B. 29,15
C. 35,85
D. 32,26
Cu 3: Tng s ht proton, notron, electron trong hai nguyn t kim loi X v Y l 142, trong tng
s ht mng in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y
nhiu hn ca X l 12. Hai kim loi X, Y ln lt l
A. Ca, Fe.
B. Na, K.
C. Mg, Fe.
D. K, Ca.
Cu 4: Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, mch h) tc dng
ht vi Na gii phng ra 0,56 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (H2SO4 c xc tc) th thu
c 1,48g mt este (hiu sut phn ng t 100%). Bit t l mol ca ancol : axit l 2 : 3. Cng thc
axit l
A. HCOOH.
B. CH3COOH.
C. C2H5COOH.
D. C3H7COOH.
+
2+
+
Cu 5: Dung dch X c 0,1mol K ; 0,2mol Mg ; 0,1mol Na ; 0,2mol Cl- v amol Y-. C cn dung
dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Ion Y- v gi tr ca m l:
A. OH- v 20,3
B. NO3- v 42,9
C. NO3- v 23,1
D. OH- v 30,3
Cu 6: Cho cc cht sau: K, Fe, Ba, Cu, Na, Ca, Al, Li, Mg. S cht tc dng c vi nc nhit
thng l
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
Cu 7: Nung nng hon ton 28,9g hn hp KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Hn hp kh thot ra c dn vo
nc d th thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) (lng oxi b ha tan khng ng k). Thnh phn phn
trm khi lng Cu(NO3)2 trong hn hp ban u l
A. 65,05%.
B. 34,95%.
C. 27,38%.
D. 68.34%.
2+
3+
+
2+
2+
Cu 8: Cho cc ion kim loi: Cu ; Fe ; Ag ; Zn ; Ca . Chiu tng dn tnh oxi ha ca cc ion kim
loi l
A. Ca2+ < Zn2+ < Fe3+ < Cu2+ < Ag+
B. Ca2+ < Fe3+ < Zn2+ < Cu2+ < Ag+
Trang 2/305
B. mu nu m dn.
Trang 4/305
C. mu gi nguyn nh ban u.
D. c A, B, C u sai.
Cu 34: Cho 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 100ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 1M.
Sau khi phn ng hon ton th khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 10g.
B. 20g.
C. 15g.
D. 30g.
Cu 35: Cho phng trnh phn ng: Mg + HNO3 X + N2O + Y. Tng h s (ti gin) ca phn
ng trn khi cn bng l
A. 20.
B. 32.
C. 24.
D. 55.
Cu 36: Khi nh t t n d dung dch HCl vo dung dch hn hp gm a mol NaOH v b mol
NaAlO2, kt qu th nghim c biu din trn th sau:
s mol Al(OH)3
1,2
0
0,8
2,0
2,8
s mol HCl
T l a:b l:
A. 2:1
B. 2:7
C. 4:7
D. 2:5
Cu 37: Hi thu ngn rt c, bi vy khi lm v nhit k thu ngn th cht bt c dng rc
ln thu ngn ri gom li l:
A. lu hunh
B. mui n
C. ct
D. vi sng
Cu 38: C bn l mt nhn ng cc dung dch sau: anehit axetic, glucoz, saccaroz, axit axetic.
Thuc th no c th dng xc nh dung dch c trong mi l.
A. kim loi Na
B. AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3
C. Cu(OH)2 trong dung dch NaOH
D. CuO, nung nng
Cu 39: Cho cc cht c cha vng benzen v c phn t l C7H9N. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu cht
tc dng vi dung dch Br2 cho kt ta trng?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 4
D. 2
t ca o
;
Cu 40: Cho cc phn ng sau: (1) Cu(NO3)2
0
t
(2) NH4NO2 ; (3) NH3 + O2
0
C, Pt
t
t
850
Cu 41: Thu phn pentapeptit X thu c cc ipeptit l Ala-Gly; Glu-Gly v tripeptit l Gly-AlaGlu. Vy cu trc ca peptit X l:
A. Glu-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly
B. Ala-Gly-Ala-Glu-Gly
C. Ala-Gly-Gly-Ala-Glu
D. Gly-Gly-Ala-Glu-Ala
1
2
3
Cu 42: Nguyn t H c cc ng v H ; H ; H. Nguyn t Cl c cc ng v 35Cl v 37Cl. S loi
phn t HCl c th c l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 43: Xt phn ng: N2 + 3H2 2NH3. Tc phn ng v c xc nh bi biu thc: v = k.
[N2].[H2]3. Hi tc phn ng s tng bao nhiu ln khi tng p sut chung ca h ln 2 ln:
Trang 5/305
A. 4 ln
B. 8 ln
C. 12 ln
D. 16 ln
Cu 44: Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l:
A. Ca(H2PO4)2
B. CaHPO4
C. Ca3(PO4)2
D. NH4H2PO4
Cu 45: Cht X c cng thc CH3-CH(CH3)-CH = CH2. Tn thay th ca X l:
A. 2-metylbut-3-in B. 2-metylbut-3-en C. 3-metylbut-1-in
D. 3-metylbut-1-en
Cu 46: Pht biu no sau y khng ng khi so snh tnh cht ha hc ca Al v Cr:
A. Nhm c tnh kh mnh hn crom
B. Nhm v crom u bn trong khng kh v nc
C. Nhm v crom u b th ng ha trong dd H2SO4 c ngui
D. Nhm v crom u phn ng vi dd HCl theo cng t l s mol
Cu 47: Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy cc
cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l:
A. T, Z, Y, X
B. Z, T, Y, X
C. T, X, Y, Z
D. Y, T, X, Z
Cu 48: Dy gm cc ion u oxi ha c kim loi Fe l:
A. Fe3+, Cu2+, Ag+
B. Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+
C. Cr2+, Au3+, Fe3+ D. Cr2+, Cu2+, Ag+
Cu 49: t chy hon ton 0,1mol mt ancol n chc trong 0,5mol O2 (d) thu c tng s mol
kh v hi bng 0,75mol. Khi lng ancol ban u em t chy l:
A. 9,0 gam
B. 7,2 gam
C. 6,0 gam
D. 7,4 gam
Cu 50: Dng c di y c dng iu ch v nghin cu phn ng ca SO 2 vi dung dch
baz:
Cc cht A, B, C v D ln lt l:
A. HCl, Na2SO3, SO2, Ca(OH)2
C. HCl, FeS, SO2, Ca(OH)2
--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
Trang 6/305
0,4
0
0,8
2,0
T l a:b l:
A. 2:1
B. 2:3
Cu 2: Cho cc mnh sau:
(1) Nc cng c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+.
2,8
C. 4:3
s mol NaOH
D. 1:1
Trang 7/305
- Phn II tc dng hon ton vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) thu c hn hp X gm 2 ancol Y v Z (MY <
MZ). un nng X vi H2SO4 c 1400c thu c 12,09 gam hn hp 3 ete. Bit hiu sut phn ng
to ete ca Y l 60%. Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca Z l:
A. 40%
B. 60%
C. 30%
D. 50%
Cu 6: Mt bnh kn ch cha cc cht: axetilen (0,3mol), vinyl axetilen (0,5mol) v hidro (0,8mol) v
mt t bt Niken. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 l 17,7.
Kh X phn ng va vi 0,7mol AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c m gam kt ta v 10,08 lit
hn hp kh Y (ktc). Kh Y phn ng ti a vi 0,1mol Br2 trong dung dch. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 99,8
B. 99,6
C. 98,4
D. 98,2
Cu 7: t chy hon ton 23,8 gam hn hp X gm axit acrylic, axit adipic, axit propanoic v
glixerol (trong s mol axit acrylic bng s mol axit propanoic) bng O2 d thu c hn hp Y gm
kh v hi. Dn Y vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol Ba(OH)2 thu c 98,5 gam kt ta v dung dch Z.
un nng Z li thy xut hin kt ta. Cho 23,8 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 300ml dung dch KOH
1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 15,8 gam
B. 22,2 gam
C. 16,6 gam
D. 30,8 gam
Cu 8: ng dng khng ng ca crom l:
A. iu kin thng, crom to lp mng oxit mn, bn chc nn c dng m bo v thp.
B. Crom l kim loi rt cng c th dng ct thy tinh.
C. Crom l kim loi nh, nn c s dng to cc hp kim dng trong ngnh hng khng.
D. Crom lm hp kim cng v chu nhit, nn dng to thp cng, khng g, chu nhit.
Cu 9. M t no di y v tnh cht vt l ca nhm l cha chnh xc:
A. Mm, d ko si v dt mng
B. Dn nhit v in tt, tt hn Fe, Cu
C. L kim loi nh
D. Mu trng bc
Cu 10: So vi nguyn t phi kim cng chu k, nguyn t kim loi
A. thng c bn knh nguyn t nh hn.
B. thng c s electron cc phn lp ngoi cng nhiu hn.
C. thng c nng lng ion ho nh hn.
D. thng d nhn electron trong cc phn ng ho hc.
Cu 11: T l v s nguyn t ca hai ng v A v B trong t nhin ca nguyn t X l 27: 23. ng
v A c 35 proton v 44 ntron, ng v B c nhiu hn ng v A 2 ntron. Nguyn t khi trung bnh
ca nguyn t X l
A. 79,92.
B. 80,01.
C. 81,86.
D. 79,35.
Cu 12: Phn ng: Cu + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + CuCl2 chng t
A. ion Fe2+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion Fe3+.
B. ion Fe3+ c tnh oxi ho mnh hn ion Cu2+.
C. ion Fe3+ c tnh oxi ho yu hn ion Cu2+.
D. ion Fe3+ c tnh kh mnh hn ion Fe2+.
Cu 13: Trn V1 lt dung dch axit c pH = 5 vi V2 lt dung dch baz c pH = 9 thu c dung dch
c pH = 8. T l V1: V2 bng
A. 9: 10.
B. 11: 9.
C. 9: 11.
D. 10: 9.
Cu 14: Nguyn t Zn c bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nguyn t ln lt l 0,138 nm v 65
g/mol. Bit Zn ch chim 72,5% th tch tinh th. Khi lng ring (g/cm3) ca tinh th Zn l
A. 7,11.
B. 9,81.
C. 5,15.
D. 7,79.
Trang 8/305
Cu 15: Trong cc polime sau, polime no khng thuc loi tng hp?
A. PVC
B. T xenluloz axetat
C. T capron
D. Polistiren
Cu 16: t chy hon ton 29,6 gam hn hp X gm CH3COOH, CxHyCOOH v (COOH)2 thu c
14,4 gam H2O v m gam CO2. Mt khc 29,6 gam hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi NaHCO3 thu
c 11,2 lt (ktc) kh CO2. Gi tr ca m l
A. 33,0.
B. 48,4.
C. 44,0.
D. 52,8.
Cu 17: Cu hnh electron ng l:
A. 26Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2
B. 26Fe: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
C. 26Fe2+: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4
D. 26Fe3+: 1s22s22p63s23p63d5
Cu 18: Cng thc tng qut ca xeton khng no, mch h, hai chc, c cha mt lin kt ba trong
phn t l:
A. CnH2n2O2.
B. CnH2n4O2.
C. CnH2n6O2.
D. CnH2n8O2.
Cu 19: Nit v photpho l hai phi kim thuc nhm VA, nhn xt no sau y ng:
A. Hai nguyn t u c mc oxi ha +5, ha tr V trong hp cht.
B. m in ca photpho nh hn ca nit nn iu kin thng, phn t photpho bn hn
phn t nit.
C. Phn t NH3 km bn hn phn t PH3.
D. Axit H3PO4 kh b kh, khng c tnh oxi ha nh HNO3.
Cu 20: Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng, sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn
X gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3. Ho tan hon ton X bng HNO3 c, nng, d thu c dung dch
Y. C cn dung dch Y th khi lng mui khan thu c l
A. 24,2 g.
B. 36 g.
C. 40 g.
D. 48,4 g.
Cu 21: Cho cc dung dch sau: anilin (1), metylamin (2), glyxin (3), lysin (4), natri phenolat (5),
H2N-CH2-COONa (6). S dung dch lm qu tm i thnh mu xanh l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
Cu 22: Oxi ho hon ton a gam hn hp Mg, Zn v Al thu c b gam hn hp oxit. Cho hn hp
kim loi trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt kh (ktc). V c gi tr tnh
theo a, b l
A.
B.
C.
D.
A. o-etylmetylbenzen
B. o-metyletylbenzen
C. 1 Etyl 2 Metylbenzen
D. C A v C u ng
Cu 36: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH, C17H33COOH v
C15H31COOH. S trieste ti a c to ra l
A. 6.
B. 18.
C. 9.
D. 27.
Trang 10/305
lng bnh tng 0,8 gam v c hn hp kh Z thot ra. t chy hon ton hn hp Z thu c 0,5
mol CO2 v 0,8 mol H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 37,2.
B. 7,32.
C. 6,64.
D. 8,4.
o
Cu 46: Cho kh N2 tc dng vi kh H2 c bt Fe xc tc t v p sut p th tc phn ng l v.
Nu gi nguyn nhit v tng p sut ln 2p th tc ca phn ng
N2 k 3H2 k 2NH3 k s tng ln
A. 2 ln.
B. 4 ln.
C. 8 ln.
D. 16 ln.
Cu 47: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Mg, Fe, Cu trong dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn
hp kh D (ktc) gm NO2 v NO ( ktc, khng cn sn phm kh no khc). T khi hi ca D so
vi hiro bng 18,2. Tng s gam mui khan to thnh theo m v V l
A. m
V
22, 4
B. m
V
22, 4
C. m +
341V
56
D. m -
V
7,75
Cu 48: Bit rng trong dung dch mui icromat lun lun c cn bng:
2CrO42- + 2H+
Cr2O72- + H2O
(da cam)
(vng)
Nu thm dung dch HBr c, d vo dung dch K2Cr2O7 th dung dch chuyn thnh
A. mu da cam.
B. mu vng.
C. mu xanh lc.
D. khng mu.
Cu 49: Trong t nhin, c nhiu ngun cht hu c sau khi b thi ra to ra kh H2S. Tuy nhin,
trong khng kh hm lng H2S rt t v
A. H2S tan c trong nc.
B. H2S b CO2 trong khng kh oxi ho thnh cht khc
.
C. H2S b oxi trong khng kh oxi ho chm thnh cht khc.
D. H2S b phn hy nhit thng to ra lu hunh v hiro.
Bng
tm xt
H2SO4
c
Trang 12/305
NaOH, t, p
HCl
Y
Z. Cht Z trong dy
Cu 7: Cho dy chuyn ha: Toluen X
chuyn ha ny l:
A. benzyl clorua.
B. p-crezol.
C. m-crezol.
D. p-clobrombenzen.
Cu 8: Cho cc cht: H2S, MnO2, KClO3, NH3, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, CaOCl2, H2SO4 c. S cht th
hin tnh oxi ho khi cho tc dng vi HCl (trng thi kh hoc dung dch) l:
A. 5.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 6.
Cu 9: Hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2 v c cng s mol. Cho 18
gam hn hp X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 12 gam NaOH, c cn dung dch to thnh th thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 25,4.
B. 22,5.
C. 8,2.
D. 13,6.
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 8,4 gam Fe thu c mt oxit st, ha tan hon ton oxit ny cn va
dung dch cha 0,2 mol H2SO4 long. Cng thc v khi lng oxit st l
A. FeO v 11,6 gam.
B. Fe2O3 v 10,0 gam.
Trang 13/305
1,2
0,8
2,0
2,8
s mol HCl
T l a:b l:
A. 7:4
B. 4:7
C. 2:7
D. 7:2
Cu 21: Dy gm cc ion c sp xp theo chiu tng tnh kh l:
A. S2-, F-, Cl-, Br-, IB. F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, S2C. S2-, I-, Br-, Cl-, FD. I-, Br-, Cl-, F-, S2Cu 22: Nhm c cu to mng tinh th:
A. lc phng.
B. lp phng tm din.
Trang 14/305
C. lc phng tm khi.
D. lp phng tm khi.
+
2+
2Cu 23: Cho Na (Z = 11), Mg (Z = 12), O (Z = 8), F- (Z = 9). Bn knh cc ion gim dn theo th
t t tri sang phi l
A. Na+, Mg2+, F-, O2-.
B. F-, O2-, Na+, Mg2+.
C. Mg2+, Na+, F-, O2-.
D. O2-, F-, Na+, Mg2+.
Cu 24: Trong cc loi t di y, loi no l t nhn to:
A. T axetat.
B. T tm.
C. Vinilon.
D. T capron.
Cu 25: Cho phn ng ha hc: Br2 + HCOOH 2HBr + CO2. Nng ban u ca HCOOH l
0,010 mol/lt, sau 40 giy nng ca HCOOH l 0,008 mol/lt. Tc trung bnh ca phn ng trong
khong thi gian 40 giy tnh theo HCOOH l:
A. 5,0.10-4 mol/ (l.s). B. 2,5.10-5 mol/ (l.s). C. 2,0.10-5 mol/ (l.s). D. 5,0.10-5 mol/ (l.s).
Cu 26: Cho cc cht: C2H5NH2 (1), C6H5NH2 (2), NH3 (3), NaOH (4), O2N-C6H4NH2 (5). Tnh baz
ca cc cht gim dn theo th t t tri sang phi l
A. (5), (2), (3), (1), (4).
B. (4), (1), (3), (5), (2).
C. (2), (5), (3), (1), (4).
D. (4), (1), (3), (2), (5).
Cu 27: Hn hp X gm 3 peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 3. Thy phn hon ton
m gam X, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 6,23 gam alanin; 6,00 gam glyxin v 9,36 gam valin. Bit
tng s lin kt peptit trong phn t ca ba peptit trong X ln hn 8. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 18,35
B. 18,80
C. 18,89
D. 19,07
o
Cu 28: Lng cn 90 thu c t 1 tn nguyn liu cha 80% tinh bt (cho DC2H5OH = 0,8 g/ml v
hiu sut 80%) l:
A. 650,75 lt.
B. 554,3 lt.
C. 504,8 lt.
D. 623,75 lt.
Cu 29: Khi in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot l Cu th
A. nng mol CuSO4 tng, anot tan.
B. nng mol CuSO4 khng i, catot tan.
C. nng mol CuSO4 tng, catot tan.
D. nng mol CuSO4 khng i, anot tan.
Cu 30: Dy trong tt c cc cht u lm mt mu dung dch nc brom l
A. Phenol, toluen, stiren.
B. Benzen, anilin, stiren.
C. Toluen, phenol, anilin.
D. Phenol, anilin, stitren.
Cu 31: Cho cc oxit: CrO, Al2O3, ZnO, Cr2O3, CuO, CrO3. S oxit tan trong dung dch HCl, khng
tan trong dung dch NaOH l:
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 32: Cho dy cc hp cht thm: p-HO-C6H4-COOH, p-HO-CH2-C6H4-OH, p-HO-C6H4COOC2H5, p-HCOO-C6H4-OH, p-CH3O-C6H4-OH. C bao nhiu cht trong dy tha mn ng thi
hai iu kin sau: Ch tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:1; (b) Tc dng vi Na (d) to ra s mol H2
bng s mol cht phn ng:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 2.
Cu 33: Cho cc cp cht:
(1) dung dch FeCl3 v Ag.
(2) dung dch Fe(NO3)2 v dung dch AgNO3.
(3) S v H2SO4 (c, nng).
(4) CaO v H2O
(5) dung dch NH3 + CrO3.
(6) S v dung dch H2SO4 long.
S cp cht c xy ra phn ng l
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 34: Phn ln km c dng cho ng dng
A. ch to dy dn in v cc thit b in khc.
Trang 15/305
(1)
(2)
(3)
Thu kh bng cch di nc thng c dng vi kh no sau y:
A. N2
B. HCl
C. O2
D. C A v C
--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
Trang 17/305
kh Y
(2) KClO3
(4) KMnO4 + HCl kh G
to
t
kh E
(5) Cu + H2SO4 c
(6) Cu + HNO3 c kh H
S lng kh u tc dng c vi dung dch kim l:
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 3.
Cu 8: in phn 100 ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 2M vi in cc tr trong t giy, cng dng in
khng i 1,93A (hiu sut qu trnh in phn l 100%), thu c cht rn X, dung dch Y v kh Z.
Cho 16,8 gam Fe vo Y, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 15,99 gam hn hp kim loi v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N+5). G i tr ca t l
A. 5000.
B. 4820.
C. 3610.
D. 6000.
Cu 9: Trong s cc ngun nng lng: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri, (4) ho thch; nhng
ngun nng lng sch l:
A. (1), (2), (3).
B. (1), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (4).
D. (2), (3), (4).
o
Trang 18/305
Cu 10: Cho cn bng 2SO2 (k) + O2 (k) 2SO3 (k). Khi tng nhit th t khi ca hn hp kh so
vi H2 gim i. Pht biu ng khi ni v cn bng ny l:
A. Phn ng nghch ta nhit, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit
B. Phn ng thun ta nhit, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit
C. Phn ng nghch thu nhit, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun khi tng nhit
D. Phn ng thun thu nhit, cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch khi tng nhit
Cu 11: Nung nng cho ti phn ng hon ton m gam hn hp Al2O3 v BaCO3 c hn hp X.
Ha tan ht X vo nc d c dung dch Y ch c mt cht tan. Sc CO2 d vo Y, sau un nng
tip cho ti khi t kt ta cc i th thu c 5,295 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,015 gam.
B. 7,465 gam.
C. 5,375 gam.
D. 4,485 gam.
Cu 12: Thy phn hn hp 0,01 mol saccaroz v 0,02mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c dd X
(hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u t 60%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi dd AgNO3 d
thu c lng Ag l:
A. 0,088mol
B. 0,072mol
C. 0,084mol
D. 0,090mol
Cu 13: Nhn nh no sau y ng?
(1) Dng CaCO3 lm cht chy loi b SiO2 trong luyn gang.
(2) Dng Mg ch to cc hp kim nh v bn nh uyra,
(3) Mg chy trong kh quyn kh CO2.
(4) Khng dng MgO in phn nng chy iu ch Mg.
(5) Dng ct dp tt m chy c mt Mg.
A. (2), (3), (5)
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (2), (3), (5). D. (1), (2), (3), (4).
Cu 14: Cho s phn ng
H2
t0
C2H5Cl X CH3COOH Y CH4 Z C2H4
T
Cc cht X, Y, Z v T ln lt l
A. C2H5OH, CH3COONa, C2H2 v C2H6. B. C2H5OH, C2H5Cl, CH3COOC2H5 v C3H8.
C. CH3CHO, CH3Cl v C3H8.
D. CH3CHO, CH3COONa, C2H2 v C2H6.
Cu 15: Cho 22,4 gam hn hp X gm Cu2S, CuS, FeS2 v Fe tc dng ht vi HNO3 (c nng, d)
thu c V lt kh ch c NO2 ( ktc, sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch Y. Cho ton b Y vo mt
lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2, thu c 34,95 gam kt ta; cn khi cho ton b Y tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d thu c 31,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 38,08.
B. 26,44.
C. 22,4.
D. 16,8.
Cu 16: Mt phi kim X tc dng mnh lit vi nc gii phng ra oxi phn t. Phi kim R to ra mt
hp cht vi X. Hp cht ny c tnh oxi ha rt mnh v c t khi so vi khng kh l 1,862. X, Y
ln lt l
A. F v S
B. F v O
C. Cl v O
D. Br v O
Cu 17: Dy cc ion no cho di y ch th hin tnh baz
A. HSO4-, Cl-, CH3COO-, PO43B. Al3+, HS- , SO32-, HPO42C. CO32-, S2-, PO43-, OHD. SO42-, HSO4-, NO3-, NH4+
Cu 18: Mt hn hp gm mt amin v mt amino axit no, mch h c mt nhm COOH v mt
nhm NH2. t chy hon ton 0,015 mol hn hp c 0,03 mol CO2. Bit 0,015 mol hn hp phn
ng va ht 0,015 mol HCl c 1,3725 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc amino axit
A. C5H11O2N.
B. CH3O2N.
C. C4H9O2N.
D. C3H7O2N.
Cu 19: Dy gm cc loi t c ngun gc xenluloz l
A. t tm, t nilon, t visco.
B. len, t tm, t axetat, si bng.
C. t visco, si bng, t axetat.
D. len, t tm, t axetat, si bng, t enang.
Trang 19/305
Cu 20: Hn hp B gm Fe v FeO c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi
dung dch HCl, d, thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng,
d, thu c 10,08 lt kh NO2 (ktc). Khi lng ca mi cht trong B ln lt l
A. 11,2 gam v 3,6 gam.
B. 5,6 gam v 7,2 gam.
C. 5,6 gam v 10,8 gam.
D. 11,2 gam v 7,2 gam.
Cu 21: Pht biu no sau y khng ng:
A. Hn hp gm FeS v CuS c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
B. Hn hp gm Ag v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 c.
C. Hn hp gm BaO v Al2O3 c th tan ht trong H2O.
D. Hn hp gm Fe3O4 v Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
Cu 22: Axit cacboxylic X n chc, Y v Z l 2 ancol 2 chc, ng ng k tip (M Y < MZ). t
chy hon ton hn hp gm X, Y v Z cn va 10,64 lit O2 (ktc) thu c 8,96 lit CO2 v 9,9
gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp trn l:
A. 50,41%
B. 40,51%
C. 41,50%
D. 54,01%
Cu 23: Khi pin in ho Zn-Cu hot ng, phn ng xy ra catot l
A. Cu2+ + 2e Cu. B. Zn2+ + 2e Zn. C. Cu Cu2+ + 2e. D. Zn Zn2+ + 2e.
Cu 24: Cho dung dch A cha cc ion K+ (0,03 mol), M+, SO42-, CO32-. Cho dung dch tc dng vi
BaCl2 d thu c 8,6 gam kt ta. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi H2SO4 long d thu c 0,448 lit
kh (ktc). Khi c cn dung dch thu c 5,19 gam mui khan. ion M+ l
A. Na+.
B. Li+.
C. NH4+.
D. Rb+.
Cu 25: Cho s sau: NaOH X1 X2 X3 NaOH. Vi X1, X2, X3 l cc hp cht ca natri.
Vy X1, X2, X3 c th tng ng vi dy cht no sau y?
A. Na2CO3, NaCl v NaNO3
B. NaCl, NaNO3 v Na2CO3
C. Na2CO3, Na2SO4 v NaCl
D. NaNO3, Na2CO3 v NaCl
Cu 26: Cho tn gi ca mt s cht: metylamin (1); axit axetic (2); axit propanoic (3); etan-1,2-iol
(4); hexan-2,4-ion (5). Tn thuc loi danh php h thng l
A. (1), (2), (5).
B. (1), (3), (4), (5). C. (1), (4), (5).
D. (3), (4), (5).
Cu 27. Trong mt th nghim dng dung dch A chun cc cha dung dch B ngi ta nhn
thy pH ca dung dch trong cc ph thuc vo th tch dung dch A nh sau:
Vy thi nghim trn c th l:
Cu 28: Cho cc cht sau: NH3, HCl, SO3, N2. Chng c kiu lin kt ho hc no sau y:
A. Lin kt cng ho tr phn cc.
B. Lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc.
C. Lin kt cng ho tr.
D. Lin kt phi tr (lin kt cho nhn).
Trang 20/305
D. CH3-COONH3CH=CH2.
Trang 21/305
Cu 38: Hp cht hu c tp chc A cha hai nhm chc khc nhau trong phn t. t chy mt
lng bt k A u ch to ra CO2 v H2O vi t l mol l 1:1. Chia A thnh ba phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 phn ng va vi 0,1 mol NaOH.
- Phn 2 tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,1 mol H2.
- Phn 3 c t chy to ra 0,3 mol CO2.
Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C2H4O
B. C3H6O3
C. C3H4O2
D. C3H6O2
Cu 39: Ha tan hon ton 32 gam Cu vo 200 gam dung dch HNO3 63% thu c dung dch X
(khng c ion NH4+). Cho X tc dng hon ton 500ml dung dch KOH 3M, sau lc kt ta thu
c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c cht rn Z. Nung Z n khi lng khng i thu c 124,6
gam cht rn. Nng % ca Cu(NO3)2 trong X l:
A. 38,56%
B. 45,28%
C. 47,00%
D. 35,09%
Cu 40: Cht no sau y khi cho tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1:1 thu c 2 dn xut monobrom
(tnh c ng phn hnh hc):
A. isobutilen
B. propin
C. metylxiclopropan D. isopren
Cu 41: Cho cc dung dch long sau: Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, H2SO4, BaCl2, NaOH. Ch c dng
thm mt ho cht no di y nhn bit cc cht trong cc dung dch long trn?
A. Dung dch NaOH. B. Dung dch HCl. C. Giy qu tm.
D. Dung dch Na2CO3.
Cu 42: Cho 6,5 gam Zn tc dng va ht vi dung dch cha m gam hn hp NaOH v NaNO3 thu
c 0,896 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh NH3 v H2. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 1,7.
B. 7,2.
C. 3,4.
D. 8,9.
Cu 43: Cng thc phn t ca caprolactam, axit lactic, axit glutamic v axit oxalic ln lt l:
A. C6H11NO; C3H6O3; C5H9O4N v C2H2O4.
B. C6H13NO2; C3H6O2; C5H9O2N v C2H2O4.
C. C6H11NO; C3H6O3; C5H11O4N v C2H2O4.
D. C6H11NO; C3H6O3; C5H9O4N v C2H4O4.
Cu 44: Khi nhit tng ln 100C, tc ca mt phn ng ho hc tng ln ba ln. Ngi ta ni
rng tc phn ng ho hc trn c h s nhit bng 3. Vy khi tng nhit phn ng t 200C
ln 500C th tc phn ng tng ln l:
A. 9 ln.
B. 6 ln.
C. 27 ln.
D. 81 ln.
Cu 45: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht hu c X c cha hai nguyn t oxi trong phn t thu c
khng qu 17,92 lt CO2 (ktc). trung ha 0,25 mol X cn va 0,25 mol NaOH. Mt khc cho
0,5 mol X tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,5 mol H2. Khi cho 13,64 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch
NaOH va th thu c lng mui khan l
A. 16,06 gam.
B. 18,48 gam.
C. 16,94 gam.
D. 17,24 gam.
Cu 46: Cho dy cc cht: propin, but-2-in, axit fomic, axit axetic, anehit acrylic, axeton, saccaroz,
glucoz, etyl fomat, metyl axetat. S cht c kh nng kh c AgNO3/NH3 l:
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 47: Cht A c cng thc phn t C5H11O2N, A tc dng c vi NaHCO3 v A cha nhm chc
NH2, A c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. S ng phn cu to ca A l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 48: Chia hn hp gm hai ancol n chc X v Y (MX < MY) l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn
bng nhau
Trang 22/305
- t chy ha ton phn 1 thu c 3,808 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,32 gam H2O.
- un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c 140oC to thnh 1,996 gam hn hp ba ete. Ha hi hon ton hn
hp ba ete trn, thu c th tch hi l 0,3864 lt (136,5oC v 2 atm). Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca
X v Y ln lt l
A. 62,5% v 70%.
B. 70% v 62,5%.
C. 50% v 50%.
D. 65,2% v 70%.
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm hidro, propen, axit acrylic, ancol anlylic (C3H5OH). t chy hon ton
1,0mol X thu c 39,6 gam CO2. un nng X vi Ni mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca
Y so vi X bng 1,25. Cho 0,4mol Y phn ng va vi V lit dung dch Br2 0,1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,3
B. 0,4
C. 0,6
D. 0,5
Cu 50: Mt hc sinh xut 2 cch pha long dung dch H2SO4 c nh hnh v:
H2SO4
H2O
H2SO4
Cch 1
Cch lm ng l:
A. Cch 1
B. Cch 2
H2O
Cch 2
C. C 2 cch
D. Khng cch no ng
Trang 23/305
A c th l kh no:
A. NH3
B. HCl
C. H2S
D. O2
Cu 4: Cho phn ng: CH2=CH2 + KMnO4 + H2O HOCH2-CH2OH + MnO2 + KOH. Tng cc h
s nguyn ca cc cht phn ng khi cn bng phng trnh l:
A. 7.
B. 14.
C. 9.
D. 16.
Cu 5: Trong dung dch CH3COOH c cn bng sau: CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+. Nu pha long
dung dch bng nc, in li ca CH3COOH s bin i nh th no:
A. Khng bin i
B. Tng
C. Khng xc nh c
D. Gim
Cu 6: Cht X c cng thc C6H10O4. Cho 1 mol X phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c cht
Y v hn hp ancol Z. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c thu c metyl etyl ete. Cht Y phn ng vi
dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c cht T. Cht T phn ng vi dung dch HBr, thu c 2 sn phm
l ng phn cu to ca nhau. Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Cht X l este 2 chc ca ancol 2 chc
B. Cht Y lm mt mu dung dch Br2
C. Cht T l axit n chc
D. Cht Y c cng thc phn t C3H2O4Na2
Trang 24/305
Trang 25/305
Cu 16: Cho 200 ml dung dch gm MgCl2 0,3M, AlCl3 0,45M v HCl 0,55M tc dng hon ton vi
V lt dung dch gm NaOH 0,02M v Ba(OH)2 0,01M. Gi tr ca V lng kt ta thu c ln
nht l
A. 8,5.
B. 12,5.
C. 12.
D. 12,25.
Cu 17: X l mt trong cc mui: Al(NO3)3, AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2, MgCO3, Ba(HCO3)2, NH4HCO3,
NH4Cl. Nung X cho n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn Y, cht rn Y ny ho tan c trong
nc to thnh dung dch Z. C bao nhiu mui X tho mn cc tnh cht trn:
A. 4
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Cu 18: Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm Al v m gam 2 oxit st trong kh tr thu c
hn hp rn X. Cho X vo dung dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch Y, cht khng tan Z v 13,44 lit
kh H2 (ktc). Sc kh CO2 d vo Y thu c 93,6 gam kt ta. Cho Z tan ht trong dung dch H2SO4
thu c dung dch cha 165,6 gam mui sunfat v 26,88 lit kh SO2 (ktc, l sn phm kh duy nht
ca H2SO4). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 50,4
B. 62,9
C. 64,8
D. 69,6
1
2
3
16
18
17
Cu 19: Hiro c ba ng v H, H, H ; oxi c ba ng v O, O, O. Trong t nhin c th c bao
nhiu loi phn t H2O cu to t cc ng v trn:
A. 6
B. 9
C. 12
D. 18
Cu 20: t chy 5,12 gam hn hp Mg v Fe trong kh O2 thu c 7,36 gam hn hp X ch gm
cc oxit. Ha tan hon ton X trong dung dch HCl va thu c dung dch Y. Cho dung dch Y
vo dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta Z. Nung Z trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu
c 7,6 gam cht rn. Mt khc cho Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c m gam kt
ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 52,34
B. 43,42
C. 40,18
D. 39,46
Cu 21: Hn hp kh X gm etilen v vinyl axetilen. Cho a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 19,08 gam kt ta. Mt khc a mol X phn ng ti a vi 0,46mol H2. Gi
tr ca a l:
A. 0,32
B. 0,22
C. 0,34
D. 0,46
Cu 22: Khi lng KCl cn thm vo 450 gam dung dch KCl 8% thu c dung dch KCl 12% l
A. 24,05 g.
B. 20,45 g.
C. 45,20 g.
D. 25,04 g.
Cu 23: Khi t chy cc ng ng ca mt loi hirocacbon th t l s mol nCO2 : nH2O tng dn khi
s nguyn t cacbon tng. Cc hirocacbon thuc loi
A. hirocacbon no, mch h.
B. hirocacbon khng no.
C. hirocacbon no, mch vng.
D. hirocacbon thm.
Cu 24: Cho 4,48 lt hn hp X (ktc) c khi lng 6,7 gam gm hai hirocacbon mch h phn ng
va vi 0,35 mol Br2 trong dung dch. Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l
A. C2H2 v C4H6.
B. C2H2 v C4H8.
C. C3H4 v C4H8.
D. C2H2 v C3H8.
Cu 25: Tch nc t ancol X, bc II thu c anken. Cho 3 gam X tc dng ht vi Na d thu c
0,56 lt H2 (ktc). un nng X vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c sn phm l
A. propen.
B. but-2-en.
C. iisopropyl ete.
D. isec-butyl ete.
Cu 26: Cho 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M nhn thy s mol kt ta
ph thuc vo th tch dung dch NaOH theo th sau. Nng ca dung dch Al 2(SO4)3 trong th
nghim trn l:
A. 0,125M
B. 0,25M
C. 0,375M
D. 0,50M
Trang 26/305
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 37: Mt este X to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc c t khi hi so vi kh CO 2 bng 2. Khi
un nng X vi dung dch NaOH thu c ancol Y c khi lng bng 36,36% khi lng X phn
ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCOOC3H7.
B. C2H5COOCH3.
C. CH3COOC2H5
D. CH3COOCH3.
Cu 38: Cho cc cht: etyl axetat, anilin, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua v pcrezol. S cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 4.
B. 7.
C. 6.
D. 5.
Cu 39: Hn hp X gm mt anken v hiro c t khi so vi H2 bng 6,4. Cho X i qua niken nung
nng thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 bng 8 (gi thit hiu sut phn ng l 100%). CTPT
ca anken l
A. C4H8.
B. C3H6.
C. C5H10.
D. C2H4.
Cu 40: t chy hon ton 38,4 gam hn hp X gm axit butanioic, etanol, axit acrylic v axit
fomic (trong s mol axit fomic bng s mol axit acrylic) bng O2 d thu c hn hp Y gm kh
v hi. Dn Y vo dung dch cha 1,4 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 120 gam kt ta v dung dch Z. un
nng Z li thy xut hin kt ta. Cho 38,4 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 350ml dung dch NaOH 1M,
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 26,3 gam
B. 23,6 gam
C. 29,4 gam
D. 30,2 gam
Cu 41: Cho kim loi Ba ln lt vo cc dung dch: NaHCO3, CuSO4, (NH4)2CO3, NaNO3 v MgCl2.
S dung dch c kt ta to thnh l
A. 1.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 2.
0
NaOH, t
CuO, t
Br2
Anehit hai chc. Cht
C3H6Br2 C3H6(OH)2
Cu 42: Cho s : X
X l:
A. butan.
B. propen.
C. xiclobutan.
D. xiclopropan.
Cu 43: Hn hp X gm cc axit hu c no, n chc, mch h v este no, n chc, mch h.
phn ng ht vi m gam X cn 400 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Nu t chy m gam hn hp ny th
thu c 0,6 mol CO2. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,4.
B. 11,6.
C. 14,8.
D. 26,4.
Cu 44: Ho tan 0,72 gam bt Mg vo 200 ml hn hp dung dch AgNO3 0,15M v Fe(NO3)3 0,1M.
Khuy u cho ti khi phn ng hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,52.
B. 3,8.
C. 1,12.
D. 4,36.
Cu 45: Nguyn t crom c s hiu nguyn t l 24 v c 1e lp ngoi cng. S electron c thn
ca nguyn t crom trng thi c bn l
A. 4e.
B. 5e.
C. 6e.
D. 7e.
Cu 46: Ho tan hon ton 12,9 gam hn hp Cu, Zn bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c 3,136
lt SO2 (ktc), 0,64 gam lu hunh v dung dch mui sunfat. Thnh phn % khi lng ca Cu v Zn
trong hn hp ban u ln lt l
A. 45,54% v 54,46%.
B. 49,61% v 50,39%.
C. 51,15% v 49,85%.
D. 51,08% v 48,92%.
Cu 47: Cho cc kh: Cl2, HCl, CH3NH2, O2. S kh to khi trng khi tip xc vi kh NH3 l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Trang 28/305
B. 1-clopentan.
C. 1-clo-2-metylbutan.
D. 1-clo-3-metylbutan.
Cu 49: Trong s cc cht: phenol, anilin, glucoz, mantoz v axit acrylic, s cht phn ng c
vi nc brom l
A. 2 cht.
B. 3 cht.
C. 4 cht.
D. 5 cht.
Cu 50: S ng phn n chc c cng CTPT C3H6O2 l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Trang 29/305
B. nhit thng glucoz, anehit oxalic, saccaroz u ha tan Cu(OH)2 to dung dch
xanh lam
C. Glucoz, fructoz, u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, to) cho poliancol
D. Cho isopren tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1:1 thu c ti a 6 sn phm (khng k ng
phn hnh hc)
Cu 9: Thuc th cn dng phn bit hai kh SO2 v H2S l dung dch
A. Nc brom
B. KMnO4/H2SO4
C. Ca(OH)2
D. NaOH
Cu 10: Dy gm cc cht u c tnh axit l:
A. NH4Cl, K2S, CH3COOH, HCl
B. NH4Cl, NaHCO3, CH3NH3Cl, C6H5OH
C. KHCO3, MgCl2, ZnO, CH3COONa
D. NH4Cl, NaHCO3, Na3PO4, C6H5ONa
Cu 11: Ha tan ht 5,2 gam crom vo dung dch HNO3 d, kt thc phn ng thu c 0,02 mol NO
v 0,024 mol kh X. Bit phn ng khng to mui NH4NO3. Kh X l
A. NO2
B. NH3
C. N2O
D. N2
Cu 12: Cho phn ng: Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3)2 + NxOy + H2O. S phn t cht b kh trong phn
ng trn sau khi cn bng vi h s nguyn, ti gin nht l
A. 2x
B. 12x 4y
C. 5x 2y
D. 10x
Cu 13: Cho cc cht: caprolactam (1), isopropylbenzen (2), acrilonitrin (3), glyxin (4), vinyl axetat
(5). Cc cht c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp to polime l:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 3, 5
C. 1, 2, 5
D. 3, 4, 5
Cu 14: Ha cht c dng tch Al2O3 ra khi hn hp vi Cu(OH)2 l dung dch
A. NaOH
B. HCl
C. NH3
D. H2O
Cu 15: Ha tan ht 5,36 gam hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung dch cha 0,03 mol HNO3 v
0,18 mol H2SO4 thu c dung dch X v 0,01 mol kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho 0,04 mol Cu
vo X thy c kh NO tip tc thot ra, dung dch sau phn ng c cha m gam mui (khng ngm
nc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,94 gam
B. 23,76 gam
C. 28,00 gam
D. 19,44 gam
Cu 16: Khi lng xenluloz v khi lng axit nitric cn ly sn xut c 445,5 kg xenluloz
trinitrat (hiu sut phn ng t 75%) ln lt l:
A. 162 kg v 378 kg
B. 182,25 kg v 212,625 kg.
C. 324 kg v 126 kg
D. 324 kg v 378 kg.
Cu 17: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai este ng phn ca nhau cn dng 0,525 mol
O2 v thu c 0,45 mol CO2, 0,45 mol H2O. Nu cho m gam X tc dng ht vi 0,2 mol NaOH, ri
c cn dung dch to thnh thu c 12,9 gam cht rn khan. Phn trm s mol ca este c gc axit
nh hn trong X l
A. 60%
B. 33,33%
C. 66,67%
D. 50%
Cu 18: Thc hin cc th nghim vi hn hp gm Ag v Cu (hn hp X): a. Cho X vo bnh cha
mt lng d kh O3 iu kin thng; b. Cho X vo mt lng d dung dch HNO3 c; c. Cho X
vo dung dch HCl d (khng c mt oxi); d. Cho X vo lng d dung dch FeCl3. Th nghim m Cu
b oxi ha cn Ag khng b oxi ha l:
A. d
B. a
C. b
D. c
Cu 19: t chy hon ton 0,25 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit X thu c 0,3 mol CO2. Mt khc,
nu cho 0,25 mol X tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d, thu c 0,9 mol Ag. Cng thc cu
to thu gn ca hai anehit trong X l
Trang 31/305
A. HCHO v OHC-CHO
B. CH3CHO v OHC-CHO
C. HCHO v OHC-CH2-CHO
D. HCHO v CH3-CHO
Cu 20: Thy phn hon ton 1 mol oligopeptit X mch h thu c 2 mol Gly, 1 mol Ala, 1 mol Val,
1 mol Tyr. Mt khc, nu thy phn khng hon ton th thu c sn phm c cha Gly-Val v ValGly. S cng thc cu to ph hp ca X l
A. 4
B. 5
C. 2
D. 6
Cu 21: Trong qu trnh iu ch Clo trong phng th nghim ming ng nghim thu kh Clo thng
c ming bng tm dung dch no di y ?
A. Dung dch AgNO3
B. Dung dch NaOH
C. Dung dch qu tm
D. Dung dch KI + h tinh bt
Cu 22: Mt bnh kn c khi lng 40,5 gam cha hirocacbon X. cng iu kin trn, nu bnh
cha C4H10 th cn nng 48,5 gam, cn nu bnh cha CH4 th cn nng 38 gam. Cng thc ca X l:
A. C2H2
B. C2H4
C. C2H6
D. C3H8
Cu 23: Cho cn bng sau trong bnh kn: H2 (k) + I2 (r) 2HI (k); H > 0. Yu t lm chuyn dch
cn bng sang chiu thun l
A. tng th tch ca bnh phn ng
B. tng nhit
C. gim nng H2 hoc I2
D. cho thm cht xc tc
Cu 24: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C4H9O2N, mch h tc dng c vi dung dch
NaOH to thnh kh mi khai. S cht X ph hp vi tnh cht trn l:
A. 6
B. 5
C. 7
D. 4
Cu 25: Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t nguyn t X l 58. S ht mang in trong nguyn t
nguyn t Y nhiu hn trong X l 8. V tr ca X v Y trong bng tun hon ln lt l
A. chu k 4, nhm IA v chu k 4 nhm VB
B. chu k 3, nhm IIA v chu k 4 nhm VIIA
C. chu k 3, nhm IIA v chu k 4 nhm VB
D. chu k 4, nhm IA v chu k 4 nhm VIIIA
Cu 26: Nung nng hn hp bt X gm a mol Fe v b mol S trong kh tr, hiu sut phn ng bng
50% thu c hn hp rn Y. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl d, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,2. T l a:b bng:
A. 5:1
B. 1:5
C. 2:5
D. 5:32
Cu 27: Thit b ny dng tch nhng cht no khi hn hp ca n vi nc.
A. Tch axit axetic
B. Tch benzen
C. Tch ancol etylic
D. Tch metylamin
Cu 28: Hai nguyn t X, Y cng mt chu k trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc, X thuc
nhm IIA, Y thuc nhm IIIA (ZX + ZY = 51). Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Kim loi X khng kh c ion Cu2+ trong dung dch.
B. Trong nguyn t nguyn t X c 25 proton
C. nhit thng X khng kh c nc
D. Hp cht ca X c dng X2O7
Trang 32/305
Cu 29: Cho 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo 250 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 x M c 42,75 gam kt
ta. Thm tip 200 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M vo hn hp phn ng th lng kt ta thu c l
94,2375 gam. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,25M
B. 0,43M
C. 0,3M
D. 0,45M
Cu 30: Cho hn hp cha 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch AgNO 3 x M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 3 mui. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,5M
B. 4,5M
C. 5,0M
D. 3,5M
Cu 31: t chy ht m gam cacbon trong V lt khng kh (cha 80% N2, cn li O2) va , thu c
hn hp kh X. Cho X i qua ng CuO d, un nng, kt thc phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn
kh Y li chm qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thy c 0,4 mol kt ta xut hin v 1,2 mol kh
khng b hp th. Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l (cc kh c o ktc, cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton).
A. 2,4 gam v 16,8 lt
B. 2,4 gam v 33,6 lt
C. 4,8 gam v 33,6 lt
D. 4,8 gam v 16,8 lt
Cu 32: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp X gm mt axit hu c A v mt este B (B hn A mt
nguyn t cacbon trong phn t) thu c 0,2 mol CO2. Vy khi cho 0,2 mol X tc dng hon ton vi
AgNO3/NH3 d th khi lng bc thu c l
A. 16,2 gam
B. 21,6 gam
C. 43,2 gam
D. 32,4 gam
Cu 33: Trn mt th tch H2 vi mt th tch anken X thu c hn hp Y c t khi so vi H2 l 11.
Cho Y vo bnh kn c cha sn mt t bt Ni th tch khng ng k. Nung bnh mt thi gian ri a
v nhit ban u th thu c hn hp Z c t khi so vi H2 l 55/3. Phn trm khi lng ca
ankan trong Z l
A. 66,67%
B. 50%
C. 60%
D. 80%
Cu 34: Cho 0,01 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 2,19
gam mui khan. Cng thc ca X l
A. (H2N)2C5H9COOH
B. H2NC5H9(COOH)2
C. (H2N)2C2H4(COOH)2
D. (H2N)2C4H7COOH
Cu 35: Nung m gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe3O4 trong bnh kn khng c khng kh n khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn (1) cho tc
dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c 0,11 mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Phn (2) cho tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 0,03 mol H2. Gi tr m l:
A. 19,59 gam
B. 19,32 gam
C. 9,93 gam
D. 9,66 gam
Cu 36: S lin kt n c trong axit cacboxylic CnH2nO2 l
A. 2n + 2
B. 3n 4
C. 2n
D. 3n + 1
Cu 37: Mt hn hp X ( ktc) gm khng kh v imetylamin vi t l th tch tng ng l 30:1
ng trong mt bnh kn dung tch khng i, p sut trong bnh l p1 atm. Nung nng t chy
hon ton amin ri a bnh v nhit ban u, p sut trong bnh l p2 atm. Bit khng kh c 80%
N2 v 20% O2 v th tch, t l p1/p2 c gi tr l:
A. 1,078
B. 0,961
C. 0,907
D. 1,06
Cu 38: Cho cc hp kim Zn Fe; Fe C; Fe Cu; Fe Ag cng c nhng trong dung dch cht
in li. Hp kim m Fe b n mn chm nht l
A. Zn Fe
B. Fe C
C. Fe Cu
D. Fe Ag
Trang 33/305
Cu 39: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol thu c 7,84 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 10,8
gam H2O. Nu cho m gam X tc dng ht vi 10,35 gam Na thu c cht rn c khi lng nng hn
10 gam so vi X. Hai ancol trong X l
A. metanol v etanol
B. etanol v propan-1,2,3-triol
C. metanol v etaniol
D. metanol v propan-1,3-iol
Cu 40: Dy cc cht khi tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d u to ra kt ta l
A. Fructoz, anehit axetic, mantoz, xenluloz
B. Glucoz, metyl fomat, saccaroz, anehit axetic
C. ivinyl, glucoz, metyl fomat, tinh bt
D. Vinylaxetilen, glucoz, metyl fomiat, axit fomic
Cu 41: Axit cacboxylic X 2 chc (c % khi lng O nh hn 70%), Y v Z l 2 ancol ng ng k
tip (MY < MZ). t chy hon ton 0,2mol hn hp gm X, Y v Z cn va 8,96 lit O2 (ktc) thu
c 7,84 lit CO2 v 8,1 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong hn hp trn l:
A. 15,9%
B. 29,9%
C. 29,6%
D. 12,6%
Cu 42: Cho 4,41 gam K2Cr2O7 vo dung dch HCl c, d. Th thch kh thot ra ( ktc) sau khi kt
thc phn ng l
A. 1,008 lt
B. 0,336 lt
C. 1,344 lt
D. 0,672 lt
2+
2Cu 43: Dung dch X c cha 0,04mol Mg ; x mol SO4 ; 0,10mol Cl v 0,03mol NH4+. Cho 600ml
dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,1M vo X n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, lc kt ta, thu c dung
dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,190
B. 13,705
C. 7,875
D. 11,255
Cu 44: Cho lung kh H2 d qua hh cc oxit: CuO, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO nung nhit cao. Sau phn
ng thu c hh cc cht rn gm:
A. Cu, Fe, MgO, ZnO
B. Cu, Fe, Zn, Mg
C. Cu, Fe, Zn, MgO
D. Cu, FeO, MgO, ZnO
Cu 45: Trong phn t amilopectin cc mt xch glucoz lin kt vi nhau bi cc lin kt
A. -1,6-glicozit v -1,6-glicozit
B. -1,4-glicozit v -1,6-glicozit
C. -1,4-glicozit v -1,4-glicozit
D. -1,4-glicozit v -1,6-glicozit
Cu 46: Chia hn hp gm hai ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thnh hai phn bng
nhau. Phn (1) em t chy hon ton thu c 29,12 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 32,4 gam H2O. Cho phn
(2) qua ng ng CuO d, nung nng thu c sn phm X. Cho ton b X li qua dung dch
AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 43,2 gam kt ta. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Hai ancol trong hn hp
l:
A. metanol v etanol
B. etanol v propan-1-ol
C. etanol v propan-2-ol
D. propan-1-ol v butan-2-ol
Cu 47: Khng nh no sau y khng ng:
A. Dung dch natri phenolat lm qu tm ha xanh, phenylamoni clorua lm qu tm ha
B. Trng ngng cc amino axit u thu c polipeptit
C. Phn ng cng H2 (xc tc Ni, to) vo hirocacbon khng no l phn ng oxi ha kh
D. ng saccaroz ha tan c Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim to thnh dung dch c mu
xanh lam
Cu 48: Thy phn hon ton 31,275 gam PCl5 trong nc thu c dung dch X cha cc axit. Th
tch dung dch NaOH 2M trung ha dung dch X l
Trang 34/305
A. 0,6 lt
B. 1,2 lt
C. 0,75 lt
D. 0,8 lt
Cu 49: Cho 4,8 gam bt Cu2S vo 120 ml dung dch NaNO3 1M, sau thm 200ml dung dch HCl
1M vo, kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch X v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc).
Gi tr ca V l
A. 67,2 lt
B. 22,4 lt
C. 2,24 lt
D. 6,72 lt
Cu 50: Cho t t CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2. Lng kt ta thu CaCO3 thu c theo s
mol ca CO2 c biu th bng cc th di y:
(1)
th biu din ng l:
A. (1)
(2)
B. (2)
(3)
C. (3)
D. Kt qu khc
Trang 35/305
A. 0,624 v 0,16.
B. 0,936 v 0,24.
C. 0,624 v 0,14.
D. 0,78 v 0,14.
Cu 8: Cho hn hp gm m gam bt Cu v 2,784 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H2SO4 long d thy tan
hon ton thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi 90 ml dung dch KMnO4 0,05M.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,336.
B. 0,512.
C. 0,256.
D. 0,32.
Cu 9: Hp th ht V lt kh CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,42 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c a gam kt ta. Tch
ly kt ta, sau thm tip 0,6V lt kh CO2 na, thu thm 0,2a gam kt ta. Th tch cc kh o
ktc. Gi tr ca V l
A. 7,84.
B. 5,60.
C. 6,72.
D. 8,40.
Cu 10: ng dng khng ng ca crom l:
A. iu kin thng, crom to c lp mng oxit mn, bn chc nn c dng m bo v
thp.
B. Crom l kim loi rt cng c th dng ct thy tinh.
C. Crom l kim loi nh, nn c s dng to cc hp kim dng trong ngnh hng khng.
D. Crom lm hp kim cng v chu nhit, nn dng to thp cng, khng g, chu nhit.
Cu 11: Hn hp A gm 2 cht X v Y l ng phn cu to ca nhau v u tc dng c vi dung
dch NaOH. T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh bng 3,0345. Cho 8,8 gam hn hp A tc dng vi
lng va NaOH thu c 10,3 gam hn hp mui ca 2 axit k tip nhau trong dy ng ng.
Cng thc cu to ca 2 mui l:
A. C2H5COONa v CH3COONa.
B. C2H5COONa v C3H7COONa
C. HCOONa v C3H7COONa.
D. HCOONa v CH3COONa.
Cu 12: Cho cc cht sau: butaien, toluen, etilen, xiclopropan, stiren, vinylaxetilen, propilen, benzen.
S cht lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4 nhit thng l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 7.
D. 6.
o
Cu 13: ha tan mt mu km trong dung dch HCl 20 C cn 27 pht, nu 40oC th ht 3 pht,
cn nu 45oC th cn bao nhiu thi gian:
A. 103,92 giy.
B. 60,00 giy.
C. 44,36 giy.
D. 34,64 giy.
Cu 14: Nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l:
A. oxi ha ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi
B. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht oxi ha
C. cho hp cht cha ion kim loi tc dng vi cht kh
D. kh ion kim loi trong hp cht thnh nguyn t kim loi
Cu 15: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip c axeton l
A. C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH.
B. C2H5OH, CH3CH=CHBr, C6H5CH(CH3)2.
C. C6H5CH(CH3)2, CH3CH2CH2OH, HCOOCH3.
D. CH3CHOHCH3, C6H5CH(CH3)2, CH2=CBr-CH3.
Cu 16: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) Trong dung dch, tng nng cc ion dng bng nng cc ion m.
(2) Cc cht: NaCl, HBr v NaOH u l cc cht in ly mnh.
(3) Trong 3 dung dch cng pH l HCOOH, HCl v H2SO4, dung dch c nng ln nht l HCOOH.
(4) Phn ng axit-baz xy ra theo chiu to ra cht c tnh axit v baz yu hn.
(5) Phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch khng km theo s thay i s oxi ha.
Trang 37/305
S pht biu ng l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 17: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol AgNO3 v 0,25 mol Cu(NO3)2, sau mt thi gian
thu c 19,44 gam kt ta v dung dch X cha 2 mui. Tch ly kt ta, thm tip 8,4 gam bt st
vo dung dch X, sau khi cc phn ng hon ton thu c 9,36 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,8 gam.
B. 4,32 gam.
C. 4,64 gam.
D. 5,28 gam.
Cu 18: Pht biu no sau y l sai:
A. St trng thic b sy st ti lp st bn trong khi t trong khng kh m th thic b n
mn.
B. Ch c ng dng ch to thit b ngn cn tia phng x.
C. Km c ng dng bo v v tu bin bng thp.
D. Bc l kim loi dn in tt hn vng.
Cu 19: Khi b kin, ong t th ly vi bi vo ch b t gim nga l v:
A. Vi tc dng vi cht gy nga HCOOH c trong nc ca chng.
B. Vi lm mt ch b t, nn khng b nga.
C. Vi c tc dng dit khun.
D. Mt nguyn nhn khc.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm 2 este ng phn ca nhau, t khi hi ca hn hp so vi khng kh bng
2,552. Cho 11,1 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 11,6 gam hn hp mui. Tnh phn trm khi lng ca cc este trong hn hp X:
A. 66,67% v 33,33%.
B. 50% v 50%.
C. 40% v 60%.
D. 70% v 30%.
Cu 21: Pht biu no sau y l ng:
A. PVA bn trong mi trng kim khi un nng
B. T olon c sn xut t polime trng ngng.
C. T nilon-6 c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng ngng hexametylen iamin vi axit
aipic.
D. ng trng hp buta-1,3-ien vi acrylonitrin c cao su buna-N.
Cu 22: Cho cc cht sau: CH3COOCH2CH2Cl, ClH3N-CH2COOH, C6H5Cl, HCOOC6H5,
C6H5COOCH3, HO-C6H4-CH2OH, CH3CCl3, CH3COOCCl2-CH3. C bao nhiu cht khi tc dng vi
NaOH c d, nhit v p sut cao cho sn phm c 2 mui:
A. 7.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm hidro, propin, axit propinoic, propinol. t chy hon ton 0,75mol X thu
c 30,24 lit CO2 (ktc). un nng X vi Ni mt thi gian, thu c hn hp Y. T khi ca Y so vi
X bng 1,25. Cho 0,1mol Y phn ng va vi V lit dung dch Br2 0,1M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 0,80
B. 0,75
C. 1,00
D. 1,25
Cu 24: Cho cc phn ng:
a) Propin + H2 (xc tc Ni, to)
b) metyl axetilen + Br2 (CCl4 -200C)
c) axetilen + H2 (xc tc Pd/PbCO3)
d) propilen + dung dch AgNO3/NH3
e) butaien + Br2 (CCl4 -400C)
g) isobutilen + HCl
+ o
h) etilen + H2O (xc tc H , t )
i) anlyl clorua + dung dch NaOH
k) glixerol + Cu(OH)2/NaOH
S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l:
Trang 38/305
A. 7.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 25: Cho kh H2S tc dng vi cc cht: dung dch NaOH, kh clo, nc clo, dung dch
KMnO4/H+, kh oxi d un nng, dung dch FeCl3, dung dch ZnCl2, Pb(NO3)2, KClO3. S trng hp
xy ra phn ng v s trng hp trong lu hunh b oxi ha ln mc cao nht l:
A. 9 v 3.
B. 8 v 2.
C. 8 v 1.
D. 6 v 1.
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm axetilen, etilen v hirocacbon Y chy hon ton thu c CO 2 v H2O theo
t l mol 1:1. Dn X i qua bnh ng dung dch brom d thy khi lng bnh tng ln 0,82 gam, kh
thot ra khi bnh em t chy hon ton thu c 1,32 gam CO2 v 0,72 gam H2O. Phn trm v th
tch ca Y trong X l
A. 75%.
B. 50%.
C. 33,33%.
D. 25%.
Cu 27: Cho 17,9 gam hn hp gm Fe, Cu v Al vo bnh ng 200 gam dung dch H2SO4 24,01%.
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 9,6 gam cht rn v c 5,6 lt kh (ktc) thot ra.
Thm tip vo bnh 10,2 gam NaNO3, khi cc phn ng kt thc th th tch kh NO (ktc), sn phm
kh duy nht) to thnh v khi lng mui trong dung dch l
A. 2,24 lt v 59,18 gam.
B. 2,688 lt v 59,18 gam.
C. 2,688 lt v 67,7 gam.
D. 2,24 lt v 56,3 gam.
Cu 28: Nguyn t X c electron cui cng in vo lp M, trng thi c bn c 3 electron c thn.
iu nhn nh no sau y ng:
A. X chu k 4, nhm VIIB.
B. X chu k 3, nhm IIIA.
C. X chu k 3, nhm VA.
D. X chu k 4, nhm IIIB.
Cu 29: Xt cn bng ho hc ca cc phn ng sau: 1. H2 (k) + I2 (k) 2HI(k); 2. 2SO2(k) + O2(k)
2SO3 (k); 3. CaCO3 (r) CaO (r) + CO2 (k); 4. Fe2O3(r) + 3CO(k) 2Fe (r) + 3CO2 (k); 5. N2 (k)
+ O2 (k) 2NO (k). Khi tng p sut cc phn ng cc cn bng ha hc khng b dch chuyn l:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 1, 4, 5
C. 1, 3, 4
D. 2, 3, 5
Cu 30: C bao nhiu ng phn amin ng vi cng thc C4H11N tha mn iu kin khi tc dng vi
dung dch HNO2 thu c kh N2:
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 7.
Cu 31: Thm 0,08 mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol CrCl2, ri trong khng kh n khi
phn ng hon ton th khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 1,03 gam
B. 1,72 gam.
C. 0,86 gam.
D. 2,06 gam.
Cu 32: C cc pht biu sau:
(1) ng c th tan trong dung dch HCl c mt oxi.
(2) Mui Na2CO3 d b nhit phn hu.
(3) Hn hp Cu v Fe2O3 c s mol bng nhau s tan ht c trong dung dch HCl d.
(4) Kim loi Na, K, Ba u c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
(5) Khi pin in ha Zn Cu phng in, th tng v gim khi lng ca 2 in cc lun bng
nhau.
S cu pht biu ng l:
A. 2.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 33: Cho cc dung dch cng c nng 1M sau: NaAlO2, C6H5NH3Cl, C2H5NH2, FeCl3,
C6H5ONa, CH3COOH. Ln lt trn ln tng cp dung dch vi nhau, s trng hp c phn ng xy
ra l:
A. 8.
B. 10.
C. 9.
D. 7.
Trang 39/305
Cu 34: in phn dung dch hn hp gm 0,1 mol FeCl3, 0,2 mol CuCl2 v 0,1 mol HCl (in cc
tr). Khi catot bt u thot kh th anot thu c V lt kh (ktc). Bit hiu sut ca qu trnh in
phn l 100%. Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 5,6.
C. 11,2.
D. 22,4.
Cu 35: Cng thc ho hc ca amophot, mt loi phn bn phc hp l
A. (NH4)2HPO4 v Ca(H2PO4)2.
B. NH4H2PO4 v Ca(H2PO4)2.
C. Ca(H2PO4)2.
D. NH4H2PO4 v (NH4)2HPO4.
Cu 36: Cho th nghim nh hnh v. Khi cho Na2CO3 d, hin tng xy ra trong ng nghim l
A. C kt ta keo trng, bt kh bay ra
B. Khng c hin tng g
C. Kt ta keo trng
D. C bt kh bay ra, kt ta vng
Cu 37: Cho 2,16 gam hn hp Mg v Fe (vi nMg : nFe = 2 : 3) tc dng hon ton vi 280 ml dung
dch AgNO3 0,5M c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 10,8 gam.
B. 14,04 gam.
C. 4,32 gam.
D. 15,12 gam.
Cu 38: Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M t nht cn dng ha tan hon ton 1,68 gam Fe l (bit NO
l sn phm kh duy nht)
A. 80 ml.
B. 120 ml.
C. 40 ml.
D. 100 ml.
Cu 39: Caroten l sc t mu vng trong c c rt c cng thc phn t C40H56. Hiro ho hon ton
caroten thu c hirocacbon C40H78. S lin kt trong phn t caroten l
A. 13.
B. 10.
C. 12.
D. 11.
D. 4.
Trang 40/305
th A
th B
th C
Kt qu ca th nghim 1, 2 v 3 c biu din bng cc th theo trt tng ng:
A. th A, th B, th C
B. th B, th C, th A
C. th C, th B, th A
D. th A, th C, th B
Cu 44: Cho cc cht sau: Cu, FeS2, Na2SO3, Al4C3, K2S, S, NaCl, Cu2O, KBr, Fe3O4, Fe(OH)2, tc
dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. S trng hp xy ra phn ng oxi ha - kh l
A. 7.
B. 10.
C. 8.
D. 9.
Cu 45: Cho cc th nghim sau:
(1). un nng nc cng ton phn.
(2). Cho phn chua vo dung dch BaCl2.
(3). Kh H2S vo dung dch FeCl2.
(4). Kh H2S vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2.
(5). Kh CO2 d vo dung dch NaAlO2.
(6). Sc kh CO2 vo dung dch C6H5ONa.
(7). Cho kh etilen vo dung dch KMnO4. (8). Kh NH3 d v dung dch FeCl2.
(9). un nng nc cng tm thi.
(10). Cho dung dch AlCl3 v dung dch NaAlO2.
S th nghim thu c kt ta l:
A. 8.
B. 9.
C. 10.
D. 7.
Cu 46: Thu phn triglixerit X trong NaOH thu c hn hp hai mui natrioleat v natristearat theo
t l mol l 1 : 2. Khi t chy a mol X thu c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O. Mi lin h gia a, b, c l
A. b = c a
B. b c = 4a
C. b c = 2a.
D. b c = 3a
Cu 47: Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch FeCl3 l:
A. Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Mg.
B. Cu, Ag, Au, Mg, Fe.
C. Au, Cu, Al, Mg, Zn.
D. Fe, Mg, Cu, Ag, Al.
Cu 48: Trong cc cp cht cho di y, cp cht no c th cng tn ti trong mt dung dch:
A. NaHSO4 v NaHCO3.
B. NH3 v AgNO3.
C. Na2ZnO2 v HCl.
D. BaCl2 v NaHCO3.
Cu 49: Hn hp X gm mt anehit, mch h v mt hirocacbon mch h c s mol bng nhau.
t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp X thu c 0,6 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol nc. Nu cho 0,5 mol hn
hp X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 168 gam.
B. 114 gam.
C. 108 gam.
D. 162 gam.
Trang 41/305
Cu 50: X l mt -amino axit no, mch h, cha 1 nhm -COOH v 1 nhm -NH2. T m gam X iu
ch c m1 gam ipeptit. T 2m gam X iu ch c m2 gam tripeptit. t chy m1 gam ipeptit thu
c 0,045 mol nc. t chy m2 gam tripeptit thu c 0,085 mol H2O. Tm m:
A. 1,545
B. 1,755
C. 1,12.
D. 1,335
Trang 42/305
Cu 9: Cho cc th nghim:
(a) Cho Fe vo dung dch CuSO4
(b) Cho Cu vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3
(c) Cho Sn vo dung dch CuSO4
(d) Cho Sn v dung dch FeSO4
Trong cc th nghim trn, nhng th nghim c phn ng xy ra l:
A. (b) v (c)
B. (b) v (d)
C. (a) v (c)
D. (a) v (b)
Cu 10: S lin kt v lin kt c trong phn t axit linoleic C17H31COOH ln lt l:
A. 54 v 3
B. 51 v 3
C. 54 v 6
D. 54 v 6
Cu 11: Cho dy cc cht: FeS, CuS, Fe(NO3)2, CaCO3, Fe, CaC2. S cht trong dy tc dng vi
dung dch HCl long to ra kh l:
A. 5
B. 6
C. 4
D. 2
Cu 12: Cho 2,3-dimetylpentan tc dng vi kh Cl2 theo t l s mol 1:1 trong iu kin c chiu
sng. S sn phm monoclo ti a thu c l:
A. 6
B. 4
C. 2
D. 5
Cu 13: Dy gm cc dung dch u lm chuyn mu phenolphtalein l:
A. phenol, anilin, axit glutamic
B. axit acrylic, phenylamoni clorua, glyxin
C. axit aipic, hexametyleniamin, anilin D. natri axetat, imetylamin, lysin
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm glixerol, anehit fomic v axit axetic. t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp
X bng O2 d ri hp th ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng
bnh tng thm 16,4 gam. Khi lng glixerol c trong 7,6 gam X l:
A. 2,30 gam
B. 3,22 gam
C. 4,60 gam
D. 1,84 gam
Cu 15: Cho cc pht biu:
(a) Nit hot ng ha hc mnh hn photpho iu kin thng
(b) Nit th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi H2, Mg, O2
(c) Thnh phn chnh ca qung photphorit l Ca3(PO4)2
(d) Photpho trng c bo qun bng cch ngm trong nc
(e) Photpho va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh
Trong s cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 16: Khi t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h cn va
1,5V lit kh O2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v a mol H2O. Biu thc lin h gia m, a v V l:
A. m = 18a -
V
5,6
B. m = 18a -
V
11,2
C. m =18a -
V
22,4
D. m =18a +
V
11,2
D. 4
Trang 44/305
Cu 18: Ion M2+ c tng s ht c bn l 80. Trong ht nhn ca M2+, s ht khng mang in nhiu
hn s ht mang in l 4. V tr ca M trong bng tun hon l:
A. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
B. Chu k 4, nhm IIB
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIA
Cu 19: Mt loi phn bn supephotphat kp c cha a % Ca(H2PO4)2 cn li l cc cht khng cha
P. dinh dng ca loi phn ln ny l 40%. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 56,45%
B. 65,92%
C. 62,25%
D. 57,75%
Cu 20: Ha tan hon ton 6,1 gam hn hp X gm M, MO v M(OH)2 (M l kim loi c ha tr
khng i) trong 84 gam dung dch H2SO4 17,5% (long) thu c 1,12 lit kh (ktc) v dung dch Y
ch cha 1 cht tan duy nht c nng 20%. Kim loi M l:
A. Mg
B. Be
C. Zn
D. Ni
Cu 21: Hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. t chy hon ton 5,2 gam X cn 7,2 gam O 2.
Cho 5,2 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d to thnh 6,85 gam mui. Cng thc ca 2 axit l:
A. CH3COOH v CH2 = CHCOOH
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH
C. CH2 = CHCOOH v CH2 = C(CH3)COOH
D. HCOOH v C2H5COOH
Cu 22: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hidro (xc tc Ni, un nng) l
A. glucoz, axetanehit, isopentan
B. triolein, toluen, isopren
C. butadien, glixerol, axit acrylic
D. axit stearic, stiren, fomandehit
Cu 23: Hn hp X gm 2 este ng phn. t chy hon ton m gam X cn dng 11,76 lit O 2 (ktc)
thu c 19,8 gam CO2 v 8,1 gam H2O. Cho m gam X tc dng ht vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 1M,
c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 13,6 gam cht rn v hn hp ancol Y. t chy hon ton
Y cn dng va V lit O2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 6,72
B. 3,36
C. 5,60
D. 4.48
Cu 24: Thc hin phn ng: 2NO2 (k) N2O4 (k) trong bnh kn. Ngm bnh vo nc thy mu
nu nht dn. Cc yu t tc ng vo h cn bng trn u lm cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu
nghch l:
A. Tng nhit v tng p sut
B. Gim nhit v gim p sut
C. Tng nhit v thm xc tc
D. Tng nhit v gim p sut
Cu 25: Thc hin cc th nghim sau:
(a) Nung qung photphorit vi ct v than cc trong l in
(b) Cho hi nc i qua than nng
(c) Cho kh CO d tc dng vi bt Fe2O3 un nng
(d) un nng dung dch gm NaNO2 v NH4Cl
S th nghim thu c sn phm n cht l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 1
Cu 26: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,5M tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 1M nhn thy s mol kt
ta ph thuc vo th tch dung dch NaOH theo th sau. Gi tr ca b l:
A. 360ml
B. 340 ml
C. 350ml
D. 320ml
Trang 45/305
Cu 27: Th nghim vi dung dch HNO3 thng sinh ra kh c NO2. hn ch kh NO2 thot ra t
ng nghim, ngi ta nt ng nghim bng:
a. bng kh
b. bng c tm nc
c. bng c tm nc vi
d. bng c tm gim n
Trong 4 bin php trn, bin php hiu qu nht l:
A. b
B. d
C. c
D. a
Cu 28: Ha tan hon ton hn hp X cha Fe3O4 v FeS2 trong 63g dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,568
lt NO2 duy nht (ktc). Dung dch thu c tc dng va vi 200 ml dd NaOH 2M, lc kt ta ri
em nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 9,76g cht rn. Nng % ca dung dch HNO 3 ban
u l:
A. 47,2%
B. 42,6%
C. 46,2%
D. 46,6%
Cu 29: t chy hon ton 7,6 g hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v mt
ancol n chc (c s nguyn t C trong phn t khc nhau) thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 v 0,4 mol H2O.
Thc hin phn ng este ha 7,6 g hn hp trn hiu sut 80% thu c m g este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,08
B. 6,12
C. 8,16
D. 2,04
Cu 30: ng vi cng thc C4H10O, c bao nhiu ng phn ancol bc II:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 31: Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol 1 peptit X (mch h, c to bi cc -amino axit c 1 nhm
NH2 v 1 nhm COOH) bng dung dch HCl va thu c dung dchs Y. C cn dung dch Y
c cht rn c khi lng ln hn khi lng ca X l 52,7g. S lin kt peptit trong X l
A. 9
B. 8
C. 7
D. 10
Cu 32: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol no, 2 chc mch h A v 1 ancol no n chc mch h B (cc nhm
chc u bc 1) c t l mol nA : nB = 3: 1. Cho m g hn hp X tc dng vi natri d, thu c 7,84 lit
H2 (ktc). Mt khc, cho m g hn hp X tc dng vi CuO d un nng, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu
c 35,8g hn hp anehit v hi nc. t chy ht m g hn hp X cn bao nhiu lit O2 (ktc):
A. 24,64 lit
B. 29,12 lit
C. 26,88 lit
D. 22,4 lit
Cu 33: T nilon 6,6 l sn phm trng ngng ca:
A. axit adipic v etylen glicol
B. axit adipic v hexametyleniamin
C. axit adipic v glixerol
Cu 34: Chn phn ng sai:
as
C6H6Cl6.
A. 3Cl2 + C6H6 (benzen)
xt,t
CH3COOH.
B. CH3OH + CO
o
PdCl2 ,CuCl2
C. 2CH2=CH2 + O2
2CH3CHO
1500 c
C2H4 + 2H2
D. 2CH4
o
Trang 46/305
Cu 35: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm C2H4, C3H6, C4H8O2, C3H6O sau cho ton b sn
phm chy vo bnh ng V ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,5M thy khi lng bnh tng 18,6 g, ng thi
khi lng dung dch gim 10,95 g. Gi tr ca V l
A. 100
B. 120
C. 150
D. 200
Cu 36: Cho m g hn hp A gm Al4C3 v CaC2 vo nc d thu c dung dch X; a gam kt ta Y
v hn hp kh Z. Lc b kt ta. t chy hon ton kh Z ri dn sn phm chy vo dung dch X
thu c thm a gam kt ta na. Hi hn hp X c Al4C3 v CaC2 c trn vi t l mol th no:
A. 1:3
B. 1:1
C. 1:2
D. 2:1
Cu 37: Nung nng m g hn hp X gm Al v Fe2O3 ti phn ng hon ton, thu c cht rn Y.
Nghin nh, trn u v chia Y lm 2 phn:
- Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH n d thu c 1,344 lt H2 (ktc) v cht rn Z. Ha tan
cht rn Z trong dung dch HCl d thu c 5,376 lit kh H2 (ktc).
- Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 20,16 lit kh H2 (ktc).
Gi tr ca m l:
A. 29,04 g
B. 87,12 g
C. 107,04 g
D. 26,76 g
Cu 38: Cho gi tr m in ca cc nguyn t: F (3,98); O (3,44); C (2,55); H (2,20); Na (0,93).
Hp cht no sau y l hp cht ion:
A. NaF
B. CO2
C. CH4
D. H2O
3+
2+
Cu 39: Mt dung dch cha 2 cation: 0,02mol Al ; 0,03mol Fe v 2 anion: x mol Cl- v y mol
SO42- . Khi c cn dung dch thu c 7,23 g cht rn khan, dung dch cha 2 mui l
A. Al2(SO4)3, FeCl2 B. Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3 C. AlCl3, FeSO4
D. AlCl3, Fe2(SO4)3
Cu 40: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) Flo ch th hin tnh oxi ha trong cc phn ng ha hc
(2) Axit flohidric l axit yu
(3) Dung dch NaF long c dng lm thuc chng su rng
(4) Cc halogen u c s oxi ha -1; +1; +3; +5; +7
(5) Tnh kh ca cc ion halogenua tng dn theo th t F-, Cl-, Br-, ITrong s cc pht biu trn, s pht biu ng l:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Cu 41: Cho s chuyn ho sau: phenyl axetat X Y Z
natri picrat. X, Y, Z ln lt
l:
A. natri phenolat, phenol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
B. natri axetat, benzen, phenol
C. natri phenolat, phenyl clorua, phenol
D. natri axetat, axit axetic, glixeryl triaxetat
Cu 42: Ha tan hon ton Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch X. Trong cc
cht NaOH, Cu, Fe(NO3)2, KMnO4, BaCl2, Cl2 v Al c bao nhiu cht c kh nng phn ng vi
dung dch X:
A. 4
B. 6
C. 5
D. 7
Cu 43: Nhit phn hon ton 66,75g hn hp gm Fe(NO3)2 v NaNO3 trong bnh kn khng cha
khng kh thu c hn hp kh X v cht rn Y. Dn t t ton b X vo nc d th thy khng c
Trang 47/305
kh thot ra, thu c dung dch mt cht duy nht. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca cc cht
trong hn hp cht rn Y sau phn ng l:
A. 82,26% v 17,74%
B. 80,9% v 19,1%
C. 67,92% v 32,08%
D. 69,87% v 30,13%
Cu 44: Kim loi no di y thng c iu ch bng phng php nhit nhm:
A. Mg
B. Cr
C. Fe
D. Ag
Cu 45: Cho cc cht (hoc dung dch) glixerol; etylen glicol; lysin; anbumin; andehit axetic;
saccaroz; dm. S trng hp phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng l
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 46: Hn hp gm MgO, CaO, Mg, Ca. Ha tan 10,72 g X vo dung dch HCl va thu c
0,145mol kh v dung dch Y trong 0,13 mol MgCl2 v x gam CaCl2. Gi tr ca x l
A. 15,54 gam
B. 14,43 gam
C. 16,65 gam
D. 13,32 gam
Cu 47: Tin hnh th nghim so snh dn in ca cc kim loi Al, Fe, Cu theo hnh v:
Bit qu cu parafin ni vi thanh kim loi A ri u tin ri n B, cui cng l C. Cho bit A, B, C
ln lt l:
A. Cu, Al, Fe
B. Cu, Fe, Al
C. Al, Cu, Fe
D. Al, Fe, Cu
Cu 48: t chy hon ton m gam mt cht bo (triglixerit) cn 1,61 mol O2, sinh ra 1,14 mol CO2
v 1,06 mol H2O. Nu cho m gam cht bo ny tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH th khi lng
mui to thnh l:
A. 23,00 gam
B. 18,28 gam
C. 16,68 gam
D. 20,28 gam
Cu 49: Cho phng trnh phn ng: Fe(NO3)2 + KHSO4 Fe(NO3)3 + Fe2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + NO +
H2O. Tng h s nguyn ti gin khi cn bng ca cc cht tham gia phn ng trong phng trnh trn
l:
A. 21
B. 27
C. 48
D. 43
Cu 50: Nhit phn hon ton 31,8 gam hn hp gm CaOCl2; Ca(OCl)2; Ca(ClO2)2 v Ca(ClO3)2 thu
c V lt O2 ktc v CaCl2. Cho CaCl2 tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 thu c 57,4 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 4,48lit
B. 6,72 lit
C. 8,96 lit
D. 7,84 lit
Trang 48/305
S pht biu ng l:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
Cu 9: Sn xut amoniac trong cng nghip da trn phng trnh ha hc sau
N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3(k); H=-92 kJ
Cn bng ha hc s chuyn dch theo chiu thun nu:
A. gim p sut v tng nhit .
B. gim nng N2 v H2.
C. tng nhit ca h.
D. tng p sut chung ca h.
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 1,76g mt axit hu c X mch thng c 1,792 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v
1,44g H2O. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH3CH2 CH2COOH.
B. C2H5COOH.
C. CH3CH=CHCOOH.
D. HOOCCH2COOH.
Cu 11: Cht tham gia phn ng trng hp l
A. vinyl clorua.
B. propan.
C. toluen.
D. etan.
Cu 12: Tng s ng phn cu to ca amin c cng thc C3H9N l:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 9.
Cu 13: C 3 mu hp kim: Fe-Al, K-Na, Cu-Mg. Dung dch c th dng phn bit ba mu hp kim
ny l:
A. NaOH.
B. HCl.
C. H2SO4 long.
D. MgCl2.
Cu 14: Chn cu ng trong cc cu di y:
A. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my c bn cht khc nhau
B. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my ging nhau hon ton.
C. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my ch ging nhau v tnh cht ha hc.
D. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my u l lipit.
Cu 15: Hu ht cc kim loi u c nh kim l do
A. kim loi hp th c cc tia sng ti.
B. cc kim loi u th rn.
C. cc electron t do trong kim loi c th phn x nhng tia sng trong thy c.
D. kim loi mu trng bc nn gi c cc tia sng trn b mt.
Cu 16: Khi trn nhng th tch bng nhau ca dung dch HNO3 0,01M v dd NaOH 0,03M th dung
dch thu c c pH bng:
A. 9.
B. 11.
C. 13.
D. 12.
Cu 17: Khng nh ng l:
A. Trong pin in ha v trong in phn catot l ni xy ra s kh, anot l ni xy ra s oxi
ha.
B. Nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l oxi ha ion kim loi thnh kim loi.
C. Khi hai kim loi tip xc vi nhau th kim loi yu hn s b n mn in ha.
D. Theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy cc kim loi phn nhm IIA
gim dn.
Cu 18: Ha tan 0,72g bt Mg vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,15M v Fe(NO3)3 0,1M.
khuy u cho phn ng xy ra hon ton. Sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 3,52 gam.
B. 3,8 gam.
C. 1,12 gam.
D. 4,36 gam.
Cu 19: Trong y hc, hp cht no sau y ca natri c dng lm thuc tr bnh d dy
A. Na2SO4
B. NaHCO3
C. Na2CO3
D. NaI
Trang 50/305
Cu 22: Cho 29,8g hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo 600 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X v 30,4g hn hp kim loi. Phn trm v khi lng ca
Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
A. 56,37%.
B. 64,42%.
C. 43,62%.
D. 37,58%.
Cu 23: Dy no sau y gm cc kim loi thng c sn xut bng phng php thy luyn
A. Fe, Cu, Pb, Mg
B. Pb, Fe, Ag, Cu
C. Cu, Ag, Zn, Au
D. Al, Fe, Pb, Hg
Cu 24: X phng ha hon ton 66,6g hn hp hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch
NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H2SO4 c 1400C sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,1 gam.
B. 18 gam.
C. 16,2 gam.
D. 4,05 gam.
Cu 25: Hn hp X gm ancol metylic v mt ancol no n chc Y, mch h. Cho 2,76 tc dng vi
Na d thu c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc oxi ha hon ton 2,76g X bng CuO thu c hn hp
anehit. Cho ton b lng anehit ny tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 19,44g kt
ta. Cng thc cu to ca Y l
A. C2H5OH.
B. CH3CH2CH2OH. C. CH3CH(CH3)OH. D. C4H9OH.
Cu 26: Este X c iu ch t amino axit A v ancol etylic. 2,06g X ha hi hon ton chim th
tch bng th tch ca 0,56g N2 cng iu kin nhit p sut. X c cng thc cu to l
A. H2NCH2CH2COOC2H5.
B. H2NCH2COOC2H5.
C. CH3NHCOOC2H5.
D. CH3COONHC2H5.
Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton m gam Na vo nc thu c 1000 ml dung dch c pH=13. Gi tr ca m
l
A. 23 gam.
B. 0,23 gam.
C. 2,3 gam.
D. 230 gam.
Cu 28: Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si bng l 2025000 vC. S mt xch
trung bnh trong cng thc phn t ca si bng l:
A. 10802.
B. 12500.
C. 32450.
D. 16870.
Cu 29: Amino axit X c dng H2NRCOOH (R l gc hidrocacbon). Cho 0,1 mol X phn ng ht vi
dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch cha 11,15g mui. Tn gi ca X l
A. glyxin.
B. Valin.
C. alanin.
D. phenylamin.
Cu 30: S ng phn ca este c cng thc C4H8O2 l:
A. 2.
B. 8.
C. 6.
D. 4.
37
Cu 31: Trong t nhin, clo c 2 ng v bn Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l 35Cl.
Thnh phn % khi lng ca 37Cl trong HClO4 l (Cho H = 1; O = 16):
Trang 51/305
A. 8,43%
B. 8,79%
C. 8,92%
D. 8,56%
+
Cu 32: Cho s phn ng: tinh bt (H2O, H ) X (ln men ru) Y. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca Y l:
A. CH3COOH.
B. C2H5OH.
C. CH3COOC2H5.
D. HCOOH.
Cu 33: Cho hnh nh ca mt th nghim sau:
Hnh nh chng t:
A. P trng d bc chy hn P
B. P d bc chy hn P trng
C. P trng v P u b bc chy trong khng kh
D. P trng v P khng chy trong khng kh.
Cu 34: Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp thu ht vo 100ml dung dch cha hn hp NaOH 0,06M v
Ba(OH)2 0,12M. Thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 3,940 gam.
B. 1,182 gam.
C. 2,364 gam.
D. 1,97 gam.
Cu 35: M t no di y v tnh cht vt l ca nhm l khng ng:
A. mu trng bc.
B. l kim loi nh.
C. mm, d ko si v dt mng.
D. dn in v dn nhit tt hn cc kim loi Fe v Cu.
Cu 36: Thm Na2CO3 vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3 hin tng xy ra l:
A. dung dch vn trong sut
B. c kt ta nhm cacbonat
C. c kt ta Al(OH)3 v kh CO2
D. c kt ta Al(OH)3 sau kt ta tan tr li
Cu 37: Trong cc cht sau, cht no lm qu tm chuyn mu xanh
A. HCOOH.
B. NH2CH2COOH.
C. H2N(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH.
D. CH3 COOCH3.
Cu 38: Dung dch X gm AgNO3 0,42M v Pb(NO3)2 0,36M. Cho 0,81g bt Al vo 100 ml dung
dch X ti phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l
A. 4,851 gam.
B. 9,504 gam.
C. 6,525 gam.
D. 6,291 gam.
Cu 39: in phn dung dch mui CuSO4 d trong thi gian 1930 giy, thu c 1,92g Cu catot.
Cng dng in trong qu trnh in phn l gi tr no sau y
A. 3,0 A.
B. 4,5 A.
C. 1,5 A.
D. 6,0 A.
Cu 40: Thy phn 324 gam tinh bt vi hiu sut ca phn ng l 75%, khi lng glucoz thu c
l
A. 360 gam.
B. 270 gam.
C. 250 gam.
D. 300 gam.
Trang 52/305
Cu 41: Cht rn X phn ng vi dung dch HCl c dung dch Y. Cho t t dung dch NH 3 n d
vo dung dch Y, ban u xut hin kt ta xanh, sau kt ta tan, thu c dung dch mu xanh
thm. Cht X l
A. FeO.
B. Cu.
C. CuO.
D. Fe.
Cu 42: Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 70% ri hp th ton b kh thot ra vo 4 lt dung
dch NaOH 0,5M (D = 1,05g/ml) thu c dung dch cha 2 mui c tng nng l 3,211%. Gi tr
ca m l:
A. 384,7
B. 135,0
C. 270,0
D. 192,9
Cu 43: Ha tan ht 10,4 gam hn hp Fe, Mg vo 500ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,4M v HCl
0,8M thu c dung dch Y v 6,72 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 36,7
B. 39,2
C. 34,2 m 36,7
D. 34,2
Cu 44: Cho 8,32 gam Cu tc dng va vi 120 ml dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng thu c 4,928
lt (ktc) hn hp NO v NO2. Tnh nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 ban u
A. 2 M
B. 0,2 M.
C. 0,4 M.
D. 4 M.
Cu 45: Khi cho 1,92g hn hp X gm Mg v Fe c t l mol 1: 3 tc dng hon ton vi HNO3 to ra
hn hp kh gm NO v NO2 c th tch 1,736 lt (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui to thnh v s mol
HNO3 phn ng:
A. 8,074 gam v 0,018 mol
B. 8,4 gam v 0,8 mol.
C. 8,7 gam v 0,1 mol.
D. 8,74 gam v 0,1875 mol.
Cu 46: Kim loi Fe phn ng c vi dung dch no sau y
A. NaOH.
B. FeCl3.
C. MgCl2.
D. K2SO4.
Cu 47: Cng thc ca anilin l:
A. CH3NH2.
B. C6H5NH2.
C. C2H5NH2.
D. (CH3)2NH.
Cu 48: Trong cc cht sau, cht no l cht lng tnh:
A. AlCl3.
B. Al2(SO4)3.
C. [NaAl(OH)4].
D. Al(OH)3.
Cu 49: Trn b mt ca cc h nc vi ngoi khng kh thng c mt lp vng mng. Lp
vng ny ch yu l:
A. canxi cacbonat.
B. canxi.
C. canxi oxit.
D. canxi hidroxit.
Cu 50: u l polime thin nhin:
A. t capron.
B. t visco.
C. t tm.
D. t axetat.
Trang 53/305
Cu 7: Trn ba dung dch H2SO4 0,1M; HNO3 0,2M; HCl 0,3M vi nhng th tch bng nhau thu
c dung dch X. Ly 300 ml dung dch X cho phn ng vi V lit dung dch Y gm NaOH 0,2M v
KOH 0,29M thu c dung dch c pH = 2. Gi tr V l:
A. 0,424 lit.
B. 0,134 lit.
C. 0,414 lit.
D. 0,214 lit.
Cu 8: Cho 3,36 lt kh hirocacbon X (ktc) phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C4H4.
B. C3H4.
C. C4H6.
D. C2H2.
Trang 54/305
Cu 9: Tng s cc ht electron trong anion XY32- l 42. Trong X chim 40% v khi lng. Trong
cc ht nhn ca X v Y u c s ht proton bng s ht ntron. V tr ca X, Y trong bng tun hon
l:
A. X th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA; Y th 9; chu k 2, nhm VIIA.
B. X th 16, chu k 3, nhm VIA; Y th 8; chu k 2, nhm VIA.
C. X th 14, chu k 3, nhm IVA; Y th 8; chu k 2, nhm VIB.
D. X th 14, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB; Y th 9; chu k 2, nhm VIIA.
Cu 10: Cho a mol HCHO tc dng vi dng dch AgNO3 d /NH3, kt thc phn ng thu c x gam
Ag. Oxi ha a mol HCHO bng oxi vi hiu sut 50% thu c hn hp B. Cho ton b B tc dng
vi dng dch AgNO3 d /NH3, kt thc phn ng thu c y gam Ag. T s x:y l.
A. 4:3.
B. 2:1.
C. 5:3.
D. 7:5.
Cu 11: Amino axit X c cng thc H2NCxHy(COOH)2. Cho 0,1 mol X vo 0,2 lt dung dch H2SO4
0,5M, thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y phn ng va vi dung dch gm NaOH 1M v KOH 3M, thu
c dung dch cha 36,7 gam mui. Phn trm khi lng ca nit trong X l
A. 10,526%.
B. 10,687%.
C. 11,966%.
D. 9,524%.
Cu 12: Cho 0,17 mol NaOH vo 20 gam bo trung tnh ri un nng ln, khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton ngi ta thu c dung dch c tnh baz, trung ho dung dch ny phi dng ht 0,10 mol
HCl. Tnh khi lng NaOH cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo trn:
A. 2,14 tn.
B. 1,41 tn.
C. 0,41 tn.
D. 0,14 tn.
Cu 13: C ba ng nghim ng ba dung dch: Cu(NO3)2; Pb(NO3)2; Zn(NO3)2 c nh s theo th
t ng l 1, 2, 3. Nhng ba l km (ging ht nhau) X, Y, Z vo ba ng th khi lng mi l km s
(gi s kim loi to ra bm ht vo l km):
A. X gim, Y tng, Z khng i.
B. X tng, Y gim, Z khng i.
C. X gim, Y gim, Z khng i.
D. X tng, Y tng, Z khng i.
Cu 14: Trt t tng dn tnh baz ca dy no sau y l khng ng:
A. C6H5NH2 < NH3.
B. NH3 < CH3NH2 < C2H5NH2.
C. CH3CH2NH2 < (CH3)2NH.
D. p CH3C6H4NH2 < p O2NC6H4NH2.
Cu 15: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO c tng
khi lng bng 2,60 gam. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 100 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,30 M. X phn ng va vi dung dch cha m gam brom. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,8.
B. 6,4.
C. 8,4.
D. 11,2.
Cu 16: Cho phn ng sau: aCuFeS2 + bH2SO4 cFe2(SO4)3 + dSO2 + e CuSO4 + f H2O Trong a,
b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn dng, ti gin. Gi tr ca b, d trong phn ng trn sau khi cn bng tng
ng l:
A. 18 v 17.
B. 18 v 13.
C. 22 v 13.
D. 22 v 17.
Cu 17: Trong cc cht: metyl xiclopropan; xiclobutan; but-1-in; ivinyl; isopren. S cht c kh nng
tc dng vi H2 to ra butan l:
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 3.
Cu 18: Hp th 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 0,5 lt NaOH 0,4M v KOH 0,2M. Sau phn ng c dung
dch X. Ly 1/2 dung dch X tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d, to m gam kt ta. m v tng khi lng mui
trong X ln lt l:
A. 19,7g v 20,6g. B. 19,7gv 13,6g.
C. 39,4g v 20,6g.
D. 1,97g v 2,06g.
Trang 55/305
Cu 19: Cho dy cc cht: C2H2, HCHO, HCOOH, CH3CHO, (CH3)2CO, C6H12O6 (fructoz), vinyl
axetilen. S cht trong dy tham gia c phn ng trng bc l:
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 20: in phn dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaCl v a Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng ngn xp) sau
mt thi gian thu c dung dch X v khi lng dung dch gim 21,5 gam. Cho thanh st vo dung
dch X n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng thanh st gim 2,6 gam v thy thot ra
kh NO duy nht. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,3
B. 0,4
C. 0,2
D. 0,5
Cu 21: Cho dy cc cht: Glucoz, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH, anilin, phenol,
benzen, metyl xiclopropan, xiclobutan. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l:
A. 6.
B. 9.
C. 8.
D. 7.
Cu 22: Cht no sau y lm giy qu tm t chuyn sang mu :
A. Alanin.
B. Glixin.
C. Axit Glutamic.
D. Lysin.
Cu 23: C ba hp cht X (phenol); Y (ancol benzylic); Z (ancol anlylic). Khi cho ln lt cc cht
trn tc dng vi tng cht: K, dung dch NaOH, nc brom. C cc nhn nh sau:
(1). (X), (Y), (Z) u phn ng vi K.
(2). (X), (Y), (Z) u phn ng vi NaOH.
(3). Ch c (X), (Z) phn ng vi nc brom.
(4). Ch c (X) phn ng vi nc brom.
Cc nhn nh ng l:
A. (1), (4).
B. (2), (3), (4).
C. (1), (3), (4).
D. (1), (3).
Cu 24: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron phn lp ngoi cng. Nguyn
t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l:
A. kh him v kim loi.
B. kim loi v kim loi.
C. phi kim v kim loi.
D. kim loi v kh him.
Cu 25: Thu phn hon ton 34,2 gam saccaroz. Ly ton b sn phm X ca phn ng thu phn
cho tc dng vi lng d AgNO3/NH3 thu c a gam kt ta. Cn nu cho ton b sn phm X tc
dng vi dung dch nc brom d th c b gam brom phn ng. Gi tr ca a, b ln lt l
A. 21,6 v 16.
B. 43,2 v 32.
C. 21,6 v 32.
D. 43,2 v 16.
+
2+
Cu 26: Trong 1 cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na ; 0,02 mol Ca ; 0,04 mol Mg2+ ; 0,09 mol HCO3- cn
li l Cl- v SO42-. Trong s cc cht sau: Na2CO3, BaCO3, NaOH, K3PO4, Ca(OH)2, HCl, s cht c
th lm mm nc trong cc l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 27: C bao nhiu dn xut halogen c cng thc phn t C4H9Cl:
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu 28: Cng thc no sau y khng th l cng thc n gin ca 1 este no, mch h
A. C5H8O2
B. C5H10O
C. C5H9O2
D. C8H10O8
Cu 29: Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol (ru) n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng
ht vi 10,35 gam Na, thu c 25,65 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l
A. CH3OH v C2H5OH.
B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH.
C. C2H5OH v C3H7OH.
D. C3H5OH v C4H7OH.
Trang 56/305
Cu 30: Cho dung dch cha a gam Ba(OH)2 vo dung dch cha a gam HCl. Dung dch sau phn ng
c mi trng g:
A. axit.
B. Trung tnh.
C. Baz.
D. Khng xc nh c.
Cu 31: Hn hp X gm FeS2 v MS (t l mol 1:2; M l kim loi c s oxi ha khng i trong cc
hp cht). Cho 71,76 gam X tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO 3 c, nng thu c 83,328 lt
NO2 (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Thm BaCl2 d vo dung dch sau phn ng trn thy tch ra m
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 111,84 gam
B. 178,56 gam
C. 173,64 gam
D. 55,92 gam
Cu 32: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp Cl2 v Br2 c t l s mol l 5 : 2 vo mt dung dch cha 42 gam
NaI, kt thc phn ng khi lng mui thu c sau khi c cn dung dch l
A. 21,7gam.
B. 19,85gam.
C. 19,25 gam.
D. 19,94 gam.
Cu 33: Thy phn hon ton 110,75 gam mt cht bo trong mi trng axit thu c 11,5 gam
glixerol v hn hp 2 axit A,B trong mA : mB > 2. Hai axit A, B ln lt l:
A. C17H35COOH v C17H33COOH
B. C17H35COOH v C17H31COOH
C. C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH
D. C17H31COOH v C15H31COOH
Cu 34: Cho hn hp X gm ancol etylic v hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng tc dng ht vi Na gii phng ra 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4
c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 34,88 gam este (gi
thit cc phn ng este ho xy ra nh nhau v t hiu sut 80%). Hai axit cacboxylic trong hn hp
l:
A. C3H7COOH v C4H9COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Cu 35: Xp theo th t tng dn linh ng nguyn t H trong nhm OH trong phn t ca cc
cht sau: C2H5OH (1), CH3COOH (2), C2H3COOH (3), C6H5OH (4), HOH (5) l
A. (5) < (1) < (4) < (2) < (3).
B. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4) < (5) .
C. (1) < (5) < (4) < (2) < (3).
D. (1) < (2) < (3) < (4) < (5) .
Cu 36: Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi dung dch mui st (III) clorua l
A. Cu, Fe, Al, Ag.
B. Mg, Cu, Fe, Au. C. Cu, Fe, Al, Zn.
D. Mg, Cu, Ag, Na.
Cu 37: Trong bnh kn cha 3,5 mol hn hp gm H2, mt amin n chc v 4,0 mol O2. Bt tia la
in t chy hon ton hn hp. Thu c 1,0 mol CO2, 0,5 mol N2, 0,5 mol O2 v a mol H2O.
Cng thc phn t ca amin l:
A. CH5N.
B. C2H7N.
C. C3H6N.
D. C3H5N.
Cu 38: Hp th ht 4,48 lt CO2 (kc) vo dung dch cha x mol KOH v y mol K2CO3 thu c 200
ml dung dch X. Ly 100 ml X cho t t vo 300 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M thu c 2,688 lt kh (kc).
Mt khc, 100ml X tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 39,4g kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,15
B. 0,2
C. 0,05
D. 0,1
Cu 39: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C3H9O2N tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, un nng nh thu
c mui Y v kh T lm hng dung dch phenolphtalein. Cho Y tc dng vi NaOH rn, nung nng
thu c CH4. Tn gi ca X l:
A. C2H5COONH4.
B. CH3COONH3CH3. C. HCOONH3C2H5. D. NH2-C2H6-COOH.
Cu 40: Cho hp cht X tc dng vi NaOH to ra kh Y lm xanh qu tm m. Mt khc, cht X tc
dng vi axit HCl to ra kh Z va lm vn c nc vi trong, va lm mt mu dung dch Brom.
Cht X khng tc dng vi dung dch BaCl2. Vy cht X c th l
Trang 57/305
A. NH4HSO3.
B. (NH4)2SO3.
C. (NH4)2CO3.
D. NH4HCO3.
Cu 41: Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C3H10O3N2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c
cht hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng mol phn t ca Y l
A. 99.
B. 82.
C. 59.
D. 60.
Cu 42: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm Al v Cu trong HNO3 c ngui thu c 2,24 lt kh
NO2 (ktc) v l sn phm kh duy nht. Mt khc ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp trn trong HCl
d thi thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 ktc. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,6 gam.
B. 15,5 gam.
C. 9,1 gam.
D. 5,9 gam.
Cu 43: Cho cc cht sau: triolein(I), tripanmitin(II), tristearin(III). Nhit nng chy ca cc cht
c sp xp theo chiu tng dn l:
A. (II), (III), (I)
B. (III), (II), (I)
C. (II), (I), (III)
D. (I), (II), (III)
Cu 44: Khi cho Fe ln lt tc dng vi cc dung dch Fe2(SO4)3, dung dch AgNO3 d, dung dch
HNO3 long d (sinh kh NO duy nht), dung dch CuSO4, ZnCl2 c ti a bao nhiu phn ng xy ra:
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 45: t chy hon ton mt on mch cao su buna N bng lng khng kh va ( 20% s
mol O2, 80% s mol N2) thu c CO2, H2O, N2. Ngng t hi nc th hn hp kh cn li N2 chin
84,127% tng s mol. Tnh t l mt xch butaien v acrilonitrin trong cao su buna-N.
A. 2:3.
B. 2:1.
C. 1:2.
D. 3:2.
Cu 46: Thit b nh hnh v di y khng th dng thc hin th nghim no trong s cc th
nghim sau:
A. iu ch NH3 t NH4Cl
B. iu ch O2 t KMnO4
Chu
C. iu ch N2 t NH4 NO2
nc
D. iu ch O2 t NaNO3
Trang 58/305
Trang 59/305
A. Cl2
B. CO2
D. NH3
D. Cl2 v CO2
Cu 5: Phn ng ca oxit no vi HI khng phi l phn ng oxi ha kh:
A. Fe2O3
B. FeO
C. Fe3O4
D. Fe2O3 v FeO
Cu 6: Cho 13,5 gam Al tan hon ton trong dung dch HNO3 long, nng d thy thot ra hn hp
kh gm 0,1 mol NO v 0,1 mol N2O. Vy s mol HNO3 b kh v s mol HNO3 phn ng l:
A. 0,40 v 1,85
B. 0,35 v 1,85
C. 0,30 v 1,40
D. 0,35 v 1,90
Cu 7: Cho cc cht: Ca(HCO3)2, NH4Cl, (NH4)2CO3, ZnSO4, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHSO4. S cht
trong dy c tnh lng tnh l:
Trang 60/305
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 8: Cho 5,6 lt CO2 hp th ht trong 200 ml dung dch X cha BaCl2 0,5M v NaOH xM. Tm gi
tr nh nht ca x kt ta thu c l ln nht:
A. 1,5M
B. 1,0M
C. 1,75M
D. 2,0M
Cu 9: Vi cng mt lng HCl th khi tc dng vi lng d cht no di y s thu c nhiu
kh Clo nht:
A. K2MnO4
B. PbO2
C. CaOCl2
D. K2Cr2O7
Cu 10: Cho 11,2 gam bt Fe vo 100 ml dung dch cha HNO3 2,0M v H2SO4 2,0M thu c 3,36
lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca HNO3, ktc). Tnh khi lng mui thu c:
A. 33,5 gam
B. 27,4 gam
C. 30,8 gam
D. 31,5 gam
Cu 11: un nng hn hp 3 ancol: ancol metylic, propan 1 ol; ancol isopropylic vi H2SO4 c
trong iu kin thch hp th s anken v s ete c th thu c l:
A. 2, 6
B. 1, 6
C. 3, 4
D. 3,3
Cu 12: Cho hn hp cha x mol Mg, y mol Fe vo dung dch cha z mol CuSO 4. Sau khi kt thc
cc phn ng thu c hn hp gm 2 kim loi. Mun tha mn iu kin th:
A. z = x + y
B. x < z < y
C. x z < x + y
D. z x
Cu 13: Tin hnh nung 1000 gam loi qung photphorit cha Ca3(PO4)2 77,5% vi C v SiO2 u ly
d 10000C. Tnh khi lng P thu c. Bit hiu sut phn ng t 80%:
A. 124 gam
B. 310 gam
C. 155 gam
D. 148 gam
Cu 14: Cho cc hn hp c cng s mol di y vo nc d: Hn hp A (Na v Al), hn hp B (K
v Zn), hn hp C (Fe2(SO4)3 v Cu), hn hp D (CuS v H2SO4), hn hp E (Cu, H2SO4 v
Fe(NO3)3), hn hpF (CaCO3 v HCl). S hn hp tan ht l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 15: Cho 3,36g bt st vo dung dch cha 0,15mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit SO2 l sn phm
kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c:
A. 0,025mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,01mol Fe d
B. 0,015mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,03mol FeSO4
C. 0,06mol FeSO4
D. 0,01mol Fe2(SO4)3 v 0,04mol FeSO4
Cu 16: Cho Fe tc dng ln lt vi O2; Cl2; S; HCl; HNO3; H2SO4 c nng v dung dch AgNO3.
C bao nhiu trng hp c th to c hp cht st (II) v st (III):
A. 6
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 17: Crackinh hexan mt thi gian thu c 1,792 lt hn hp X gm cc hirocacbon. Thm 4,48
lt H2 vo X ri nung vi Ni n phn ng hon ton thu c 5,6 lt hn hp kh Y (cc th tch u
o ktc). t chy hon ton Y ri cho sn phm chy hp th vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d, khi
lng kt ta to thnh:
A. 35 gam.
B. 25 gam.
C. 30 gam.
D. 20 gam.
Cu 18: Cho X l mt ancol n chc, mch h. Oxi ha m gam X bng bt CuO nung nng thu c
hn hp Y gm anehit, ancol d v nc. Chia Y thnh ba phn bng nhau. Phn 1 tc dng vi dung
dch AgNO3/NH3 (d) thu c 6,48 gam Ag. Cho phn 2 tc dng vi Na (d) th thot ra 0,56 lt H2
(ktc). t chy hon ton phn 3 th c 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) v 2,7 gam H2O. Hiu sut phn ng
oxi ha X v gi tr ca m l:
A. 60% v 8,7.
B. 60% v 9,0.
C. 30% v 8,7.
D. 30% v 9,0.
Trang 61/305
Cu 19: in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO4 v NaCl vi hai in cc tr, c mng
ngn xp, khi thy c 2 in cc u xut hin bt kh th ngng in phn. Kt qu anot c 0,02
mol kh thot ra, cn dung dch sau in phn c th ha tan ti a 0,005 mol Fe3O4. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,64
B. 7,98
C. 5,97
D. 6,81
Cu 20: Ha tan ht hn hp rn gm CaC2, Al4C3 v Ca vo nc thu c 3,36lit hn hp X c t
khi so vi H2 bng 10. Dn X qua Ni un nng thu c hn hp kh Y. Tip tc cho Y qua bnh
ng nc Brom d th cn li 0,784 lit hn hp kh Z c t khi so vi heli l 6,5. Cc kh o ktc.
Khi lng bnh ng brom tng l:
A. 1,35g
B. 3,91g
C. 2,09g
D. 3,45g
Cu 21: Ho tan m gam Al, Mg vo HCl d cho 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Cho m gam hn hp Al, Mg trn
vo 400ml dung dch gm AgNO3 1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,8M, phn ng xong c bao nhiu gam kt ta.
A. 43,2 gam
B. 49,6 gam
C. 54,8 gam
D. 63,68 gam
Cu 22: T cc cht HNO3 c; Cu; Fe(NO3)3; HCl c v NaNO3. Bng phn ng trc tip c my
phn ng c th to kh NO2:
A. 7
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 23: Cho hn hp kim loi Mg, Zn, Fe vo dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Sau khi phn
ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X gm 3 mui v cht rn Y gm 3 kim loi. Ba mui trong
X l:
A. Mg(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3
B. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Cu(NO3)2
C. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3
D. Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)2
Cu 24: Dy gm cc cht u c lm kh bng dung dch H2SO4 c l:
A. CO2, N2, O2, HBr, HI, NH3, CH4
B. CO2, O2, N2, Cl2, O3, HF
C. HCl, HBr, HI, H2S, CH4, C2H6, H2
D. SO3, N2, O3, O2, Cl2, CO2, H2
Cu 25: Cho etilenglicol tc dng vi hn hp 2 axit bo RCOOH v RCOOH. S cht c chc este
ti a thu c l:
A. 5
B. 3
C. 6
D. 4
Cu 26: Hn hp X gm mt ancol no n chc, mch h v mt axit cacboxylic n chc (c cng
s nguyn t C v c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2). t chy hon ton 5,1 gam X thu c 5,04 lit
CO2 ktc v 3,6 gam nc. Thc hin phn ng este ha 5,1 gam hn hp X trn vi hiu sut 80%
th thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,85
B. 4,56
C. 2,28
D. 5,70
Cu 27: Cht hu c X c cng thc cu to: CH3CHBrCH2C(CH3)2CHClCH3. Hy cho bit tn no
sau y ng:
A. 2-clo-3,3-imetyl-5-brom hexan
B. 2-brom-5-clo-4,4-imetylhexan
C. 5-brom-2-clo-3,3-imetyl hexan
D. 5-brom-3,3-imetyl -2-clohexan
Cu 28: Trng hp no sau y khng xy ra s n mn in ha:
A. Hai thanh Zn, Cu c ni vi nhau bi dy dn v cng nhng vo dung dch HCl
B. tm st c m kn thic ngoi khng kh m
C. Hai dy Cu, Al c ni trc tip vi nhau v ngoi khng kh m
D. thanh thp ngoi khng kh m
Cu 29: Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol este X cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. C cn dung dch
sau phn ng thu c glixerol v 24,6 gam cht rn khan. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu CTCT:
A. 7
B. 5
C. 8
D. 6
Trang 62/305
Cu 30: Peptit X c cng thc cu to Ala Gly Lys. Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi thy phn
hon ton 0,1mol X trong H2SO4 d, ung nng:
A. 70,2 gam
B. 45,7 gam
C. 60,4 gam
D. 50,6 gam
Cu 31: Khi trung ha 0,59 gam hn hp 2 amin n chc, bc I (c s nguyn t C trong phn t
khng qu 4) cn ht 1 lit dung dch Y cha hn hp H2SO4 v HCl c pH = 2. Cng thc ca 2 amin
l:
A. C4H9NH2 v C2H5NH2
B. CH3NH2 v C3H7NH2
C. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2
D. C3H7NH2 v C2H5NH2
Cu 32: Hp cht ClCH = CH CH = CHBr c bao nhiu ng phn hnh hc:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 2
D. 4
Cu 33: Thy phn hn hp gm 136,8 gam mantoz v 34,2 gam saccaroz trong mi trng axit
vi hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht t 60% thu c hn hp X. Trung ha hn hp X thu
c hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, un nng thu c m gam Ag kt ta. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 164,16
B. 129,6
C. 172,8
D. 146,88
Cu 34: Mt mt xch polime X c dng (-CH2C(CH3)=CH CH2-). Vy tn thng ca monome to
ra X l:
A. isopren
B. 2 - metylbuta - 1,3- dien
C. 3 - metylbuta- 1,3-dien
D. Poliisopren
Cu 35: Cho cc hp cht hu c n chc (cha C, H, O), mch h v c M = 46 ln lt tc dng
vi Na, NaOH, NaHCO3 v AgNO3 trong NH3. S phn ng xy ra l:
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 6
Cu 36: C hn hp gm: Fe(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, Ag2O. Ch dng mt ha cht no sau y c
th tch c Fe(OH)3 ra khi hn hp:
A. dung dch NaOH B. dung dch HCl
C. kh NH3
D. dung dch NH3
Cu 37: Tng s lin kt trong phn t ankan X bng 19. Khi X tc dng vi clo/as thu c 4 loi
dn xut monoclo. Trong cu to ca X c s nguyn t cacbon bc 1 l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Cu 38: Cho s phn ng: C2H2 X Y CH3COOH. Trong s cc cht: C2H6, C2H4,
CH3CHO, CH3COOCH = CH2 th s cht ph hp vi X trong s trn l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
Cu 39: Cho benzen, toluen, nitrobenzen tc dng vi Br2/Fe, t0 th kh nng phn ng tng dn theo
th t sau:
A. Benzen, toluen, nitrobenzen
B. Toluen, benzen, nitrobenzen
C. Nitrobenzen, benzen, toluen
D. Nitrobenzen, toluen, benzen
0
Cu 40: Cho Buta-1,3-dien tc dng vi HBr 40 C theo t l mol 1:1 th sn phm chnh l:
A. 1-Brombut-3-en B. 1-Brombut-2-en C. 2-Brombut-2-en D. 2-Brombut-1-en
Cu 41. Cho cc dung dch: Na2CO3, NaOH v CH3COONa c cng nng mol/l v c cc gi tr
pH tng ng l pH1, pH2 v pH3. S sp xp no ng vi trnh t tng dn pH:
A. pH3 < pH1 < pH2 B. pH3 < pH2 < pH1 C. pH1 < pH3 < pH2 D. pH1 < pH2 < pH3
Cu 42: Khi cho 1,48 gam mt hn hp gm hai axit tc dng vi Na2CO3 va th thu c mt
dung dch Y v 224 ml kh CO2 (ktc). Vy khi c cn dung dch Y s thu c lng mui l:
A. 1,92 gam
B. 2,02 gam
C. 2,12 gam
D. 2,10 gam
Trang 63/305
Cu 43: Cho 2,7 gam CHC-CHO tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d. S mol AgNO3 b
kh l:
A. 0,05 mol
B. 0,1 mol
C. 0,15 mol
D. 0,2 mol
Cu 44: Loi nc no di y khi un nng n phn ng hon ton th tnh cng gim:
A. Nc cng tm thi
B. Nc mm.
C. Nc cng vnh cu
D. Nc cng ton phn
Cu 45: Rt t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,2M vo 150 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,04M thy lng kt ta ph
thuc vo s ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 theo th di y. Gi tr ca a v b tng ng l:
A. 45 ml v 60 ml
B. 45 ml v 90 ml C. 90 ml v 120 ml D. 60 ml v 90 ml
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%
--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
Trang 64/305
A. H2SO4 c v NaCl bo ha
B. H2SO4 c v Ca(OH)2
C. Ca(OH)2 v H2SO4 c
D. NaCl bo ha v H2SO4 c
Cu 5:Nguyn tc no sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon sau y l sai:
A. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca khi lng nguyn t.
B. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn.
C. Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng.
D. Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ho tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt ct.
Cu 6:Khi cho 0,1mol este n chc, mch h X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d sau khi phn ng
kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 8g v tng khi lng sn phm hu c thu c l 21,0g. S
ng phn cu to ca X tho mn cc tnh cht trn l:
Trang 65/305
A. 5
B. 3
C. 4
D. 2
Cu 7:Cho dy cc cht: N2, H2, NH3, NaCl, HCl, H2O. S cht trong dy m phn t ch cha lin kt
cng ha tr khng cc l:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 8:Hn hp X gm etilen, metan, propin, vinyl axetilen c t khi so vi H2 l 17. t chy hon
ton 5,1gam hn hp X ri hp th sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng bnh tng
thm m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25,5
B. 20,1
C. 18,3
D. 21,9
Cu 9:Cho tng cht: Fe, FeO, Fe(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, FeSO4,
Fe2(SO4)3, FeCO3 ln lt phn ng vi HNO3 c, nng. S phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ho kh l:
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
Cu 10: Cho butan qua xc tc nhit cao thu c hn hp X gm C4H10, C4H8, C4H6 v H2. T
khi ca X so vi butan l 0,45. Nu cho 0,6mol X vo Brom d th s mol Brom ti a phn ng l:
A. 0,33mol
B. 0,36mol
C. 0,30mol
D. 0,40mol
Cu 11:Pht biu no sau y l sai:
A. m in ca brom ln hn m in ca iot
B. Tnh axit ca HF mnh hn tnh axit ca HCl
C. Bn knh nguyn t ca clo ln hn bn knh nguyn t ca flo
D. Tnh kh ca ion Br- ln hn tnh kh ca ion ClCu 12:ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon:
A. Ty trng tinh bt, du n
B. Cha su rng
C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim
D. St trng nc sinh hot
Cu 13:Thc hin phn ng nhit nhm hn hp gm m gam Al v 30,4g Cr2O3 trong iu kin
khng c khng kh sau khi phn ng kt thc, thu c hn hp X. Cho ton b X vo mt lng d
dung dch HCl long nng, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 12,32 lit kh (ktc). Cn
nu cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c nng d, sau khi phn ng kt thc th s mol
NaOH phn ng l:
A. 0,9mol
B. 0,5mol
C. 0,1mol
D. 0,4mol
Cu 14:Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau: (a) S + O2
phm kh duy nht ca N+5). Trn a mol NO trn vi 0,1mol O2 thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho ton b
Y tc dng vi nc thu c 500ml dung dch c pH = z. Gi tr ca z l:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 1
Cu 30: hidro ha hon ton 0,025mol hn hp X gm 2 andehit c khi lng 1,625g cn 1,12 lit
H2 (ktc). Mt khc khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3
thu c 10,8g Ag. CTCT ca 2 andehit trong X l:
A. CH2 = C(CH3)CHO v OHCCHO
B. OHCCH2CHO, OHCCHO
C. HCHO, OHCCH2CHO
D. CH2 = CHCHO, OHCCH2CHO
Cu 31:Cht hu c X mch h c dng H2N R COOR (R, Rl cc gc hidrocacbon), phn trm
khi lng ca O trong X l 35,96%. Cho m gam X phn ng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH, ton b
lng ancol sinh ra cho tc dng vi CuO un nng c andehit Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi
lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 34,56g Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,01
B. 10,68
C. 7,12
D. 14,24
Cu 32:Ancol no, mch h c cng thc tng qut l:
A. CnH2n+2O
B.CnH2n+2Oz
C. CnH2n+2-2kOz
D. CxHyOz
Cu 33:Hn hp M gm 1 andehit v 1 ankin (c cng s nguyn t C). t chy hon ton x mol
hn hp M thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,6x mol H2O. % s mol ca andehit trong hn hp M l:
A. 60%
B. 40%
C. 50%
D. 80%
Cu 34:Trong cng nghip, axeton c iu ch t:
A. xiclopropan
B. propan 1 ol
C. propan 2 ol
D. cumen
Cu 35: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch K[Al(OH)4] 0,2M. Khi lng kt ta
thu c ph thuc vo V (ml) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l:
A. 200 v 1000
B. 200 v 800
C. 200 v 600
D. 300 v 800
Cu 36:Phn trm khi lng ca N trong hp cht CxHyN l 23,73%. S ng phn amin tha mn
cc d kin trn l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 1
Cu 37:Pht biu khng ng l:
A. Trong dung dch H2NCH2COOH tn ti dng ion lng cc H3N+CH2COOB. Amino axit l hp cht hu c tp chc phn t cha ng thi nhm amino v nhm
cacboxyl
C. Hp cht H2NCH2COOH3NCH3 l este ca glyxin
D. Amino axit l nhng cht rn kt tinh, tan tt trong nc v c v ngt
Cu 38:Braikinin c tc dng lm gim huyt p. l mt nonapeptit c cng thc l: Arg-ProPro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg. Khi thu phn khng hon ton peptit ny c th thu c bao nhiu
tripeptit no c cha phenylalanin (Phe):
A. 5
B. 6
C. 4
D. 3
Trang 68/305
--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
Trang 70/305
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: S ng phn este mch h ca C4H6O2 l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
(X)
(Y)
(Z)
(T)
(U)
D. 4.
Trang 71/305
Cu 8: Thy phn hn hp gm 0,02 mol saccaroz v 0,01 mol mantoz mt thi gian thu c
dung dch X (hiu sut phn ng thy phn mi cht u l 75%). Khi cho ton b X tc dng vi mt
lng d dung dch nc brom th s mol Br2 phn ng ti a l:
A. 0,025.
B. 0,0325.
C. 0,04.
D. 0,0475.
Cu 9: Cho 26,7 gam hn hp X gm hai amino axit l NH2CH2CH2COOH v CH3CH(NH2)COOH
tc dng vi V ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c dung dch Y. Bit dung dch Y tc dng va vi
500 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 500.
B. 300.
C. 200.
D. 150.
Cu 10: Hn hp gm anehit acrylic v mt anehit n chc X. t chy hon ton 21,5 gam hn
hp trn cn va ht 28,7 lt kh oxi (ktc). Cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 106,25 gam kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. C2H3CHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 11: C cc tiu phn sau: O2, Al3+, Ca, Mg. Hy sp xp cc tiu phn trn theo chiu gim dn
kch thc (bn knh).
A. Mg > Ca > Al3+> O2.
Cu 12: Cho 0,15mol este X mch h vo 150 gam dung dch NaOH 8%, un nng phn ng thu
phn este xy ra hon ton thu c 165 gam dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c 22,2 gam
cht rn khan. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ca X tho mn iu kin trn:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 13: B dng c hnh bn c th dng iu ch kh Clo trong phng th nghim. Cc dung
dch C v D ln lt ng dung dch NaCl bo ha v H2SO4 c. Vai tr ca cc dung dch ny ln
lt l:
A
E
B
B. BF3.
C. H2O.
D. NH3.
Trang 72/305
Cu 16: Amino axit X cha a nhm COOH v b nhm NH2. Cho 1 mol X tc dng ht vi dung
dch HCl thu c 169,5 gam mui. Cho 1 mol X tc dng ht vi dung dch NaOH th thu c 177
gam mui. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C4H7NO4
B. C5H7NO2
C. C3H7NO2
D. C4H6N2O2
Cu 17: Pht biu no sau y l ng:
A. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam.
B. Etylamin phn ng vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh.
C. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng.
D. Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui iazoni.
Cu 18:C 3 l ng 3 cht bt ring bit: Al, Al2O3 v Fe. C th nhn bit 3 l trn bng mt thuc
th duy nht l:
A. dung dch NaOH B. dung dch FeCl2 C. H2O
D. dung dch HCl
Cu 19: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp gm C17H35COOH, C17H33COOH, C17H31COOH v
C15H31COOH; s loi cht bo (cha ng thi ba gc axit bo khc nhau) ti a c th to thnh
l:
A. 10.
B. 12.
C. 24.
D. 40.
Cu 20: Xenluloz tc dng vi anhirit axetic (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) to ra 9,84 gam xenluloz
axetat X v 4,8 gam CH3COOH. Cng thc ca X l:
A. [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)3]n.
B. [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)2OH]n.
C. [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)(OH)2]n.
D. [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)3]n v [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)2OH]n.
Cu 21: Cho 11,2 lt hn hp X gm Clo v Oxi phn ng va vi 16,98 gam hn hp Y gm Mg
v Al to ra 42,34 gam hn hp sn phm. Thnh phn khi lng ca Mg, Al trong hn hp Y ln
lt l:
A. 77,74% ; 22,26%.
B. 48% ; 52%.
C. 43,12% ; 56,88%.
D. 75% ; 25%.
Cu 22: Hirocacbon X c cng thc phn t C9H12. Bit X khng lm mt mu dung dch nc
Brom. S CTCT c th c ca X l:
A. 8.
B. 7.
C. 10.
D. 9.
Cu 23: Cho cc dung dch ring bit cha cc cht sau y: anilin (1); metylamin (2); glyxin (3); axit
glutamic (4); lysin (5); H2N-CH2COONa (6); valin (7); alanin (8). S dung dch lm qu tm ho xanh
l:
A. 6.
B. 5.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 24: Thu phn triglixerit X trong NaOH ngi ta thu c hn hp hai mui gm natrioleat v
natristearat theo t l mol ln lt l 2 : 1. Khi t chy a mol X thu c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O.
Lin h gia a, b, c l:
A. b c = 4a.
B. b c = 2a.
C. b c = 3a.
D. b = c a.
Cu 25: Nung 11,2 gam Fe v 26 gam Zn vi mt lng S d. Sn phm ca phn ng c cho vo
trong dung dch H2SO4 long d, ton b kh sinh ra c dn vo dung dch CuSO4 10% (d = 1,2
g/ml). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Th tch ti thiu ca dung dch CuSO 4 cn hp th kh
sinh ra l:
A. 500 ml.
B. 600 ml.
C. 700 ml.
D. 800 ml.
Trang 73/305
Y
Z
T. Cng thc ca T l
B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. CH2=CHCOOCH3.
D. CH3COOC2H5.
Cu 27: Tripeptit M v tetrapeptit u c to ra t mt -amino axit X mch h, phn t c mt
nhm -NH2. Phn trm khi lng ca N trong X l 18,667%. Thu phn khng hon ton m gam hn
hp M, (t l mol 1 : 1) trong mi trng axit thu c 0,945 gam M ; 4,62 gam ipeptit v 3,75
gam X. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,389.
B. 58,725.
C. 5,580.
D. 9,315.
Cu 28: CO2 khng chy v khng duy tr s chy ca nhiu cht nn thng c dng dp tt
cc m chy. Tuy nhin khng c dng CO2 dp tt cc m chy no di y:
A. m chy do xng, du.
B. m chy do r r kh ga, chp in.
C. m chy cc ca hng bn st, thp. D. m chy cc ca hng bn nhm, magie.
Cu 29: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch K[Al(OH)4] xM. Khi lng kt ta thu
c ph thuc vo V (ml) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca a v x ln lt l:
A. 1,56 v 0,2
B. 0,78 v 0,1
C. 0,2 v 0,2
D. 0,2 v 0,78
Trang 74/305
Cu 34: Cho hn hp gm 3,36 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm
H2SO4 1,0M v NaNO3 0,35M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,0M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta
thu c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 105.
B. 160.
C. 165.
D. 200.
Cu 35:t chy hon ton 13,36 gam hn hp X gm axit metacylic, axit adipic, axit axetic v
glixerol (trong s mol axit metacylic bng s mol axit axetic) bng O 2 d thu c hn hp Y gm
kh v hi. Dn Y vo dung dch cha 0,38 mol Ba(OH)2 thu c 49,25 gam kt ta v dugn dch Z.
un nng Z li thy xut hin kt ta. Cho 13,36 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 140ml dung dch KOH
1M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 19,04 gam
B. 18,68 gam
C. 14,44 gam
D. 13,32 gam
Cu 36: Cho phn ng oxi ha kh: As2S3 + HNO3 + H2O H3AsO4 + H2SO4 + NO. Tng h s
cn bng ca phn ng trn l:
A. 105.
B. 43.
C. 27.
D. 78.
Cu 37: Oxi ha 4,0 gam ancol n chc Z bng O2 (c mt xc tc) thu c 5,6 gam hn hp X
gm anehit, ancol d v nc. Tn ca Z v hiu sut phn ng l
A. metanol; 80%.
B. etanol; 80%.
C. metanol; 75%.
D. etanol; 75%.
Cu 38: Cho dy cc cht sau: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, NH4Cl, Al2O3, Zn, K2CO3, K2SO4. C bao
nhiu cht trong dy va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl, va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 39: Cho cc cht sau: ancol etylic (1), etylamin (2), metylamin (3), axit axetic (4). Chiu sp xp
cc cht c nhit si tng dn l:
A. (2) < (1) < (4) < (3).
B. (3) < (2) < (1) < (4).
C. (2) < (3) < (4) < (1).
D. (1) < (3) < (2) < (4).
Cu 40: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Ca2+, Na+, HCO3-v Cl, trong s mol ca ion Cl l 0,1. Cho
1/2 dung dch X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2 gam kt ta. Cho 1/2 dung dch X
cn li phn ng vi dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d), thu c 3 gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu un si n cn
dung dch X th thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,21.
B. 9,26.
C. 8,79.
D. 7,47.
Cu 41: Cho dy cc cht: benzyl axetat, vinyl axetat, metyl fomat, anlyl clorua, phenyl fomat,
isopropyl clorua, triolein. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh
ra ancol l:
A. 4.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 42: Khi lng xenluloz v khi lng HNO3 cn dng sn xut 1,00 tn xenluloz trinitrat
ln lt l (bit hiu sut l 85%):
A. 545,5 kg v 636,4 kg.
B. 641,7 kg v 636,4 kg.
C. 641,7 kg v 748,7 kg.
D. 545,5 kg v 748,7 kg.
Cu 43: Cho cc polime: bakelit (1); amilopectin (2); poli(ure-fomanehit) (3); cao su lu ha (4);
thy tinh hu c (5); glicogen (6); PVC (7). S lng polime c mch khng phn nhnh, phn nhnh
v mng khng gian ln lt l:
A. 2; 2; 3.
B. 2; 3; 2.
C. 3; 3; 1.
D. 3; 2; 2.
Trang 75/305
2C(k); H < 0. Cn tin hnh bin php
Cu 44: Mt phn ng ha hc c dng: 2A(k) + B(k)
--------- Ht --------Th sinh khng c s dng ti liu. Cn b coi thi khng gii thch g thm.
Trang 76/305
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Hn hp X gm metan, propen v buta - 1,3 - ien c chia thnh hai phn vi m1 - m2 =
13,1 gam.
- t chy hon ton phn 1 thu c 15,3 gam H2O.
- t chy hon ton phn 2 thu c 83,6 gam CO2.
Gi tr ca m1 l:
A. 37 gam
B. 38 gam
C. 39 gam
D. 36 gam
Cu 2: Trong bnh kn dung tch khng i cho cn bng sau: 3A (k) 2B (k). Khi tng nhit ca
phn ng, t khi hi ca hn hp kh so vi H2 tng ln. Khng nh no sau y ng:
A. Phn ng thun thu nhit; khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng
nghch
B. Phn ng thun ta nhit; khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng
thun
C. Phn ng thun thu nhit; khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng
thun
D. Phn ng thun ta nhit; khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu phn ng
nghch
Cu 3: Nguyn t X c ha tr trong oxit cao nht bng ha tr trong hp cht kh vi hiro v phn
trm khi lng ca X trong oxit cao nht l 46,667%. Vy X l:
A. S
B. C
C. N
D. Si
o
Cu 17: Nung hn hp X gm Al, Fe2O3, CuO v NiO nhit cao thu c hn hp Y. Cho hn
hp Y vo dd H2SO4 c, nng thu c 10,08 lt SO2 (ktc). Tnh khi lng Al c trong hn hp X
A. 2,7 gam
B. 8,1 gam
C. 10,8 gam
D. 5,4 gam
Cu 18:Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, K, Ca, Ba. Ha tan hon ton mi kim loi vo nc d, kim loi
to ra s mol H2 ln nht l:
A. Ba
B. Na
C. K
D. Ca
Cu 19: Cho t t kh A vo dung dch cha cht B thy ban u c kt ta, lng kt ta ln dn sau
khng tan. A v B tng ng l
A. HCl v NaAlO2 B. NH3 v ZnSO4
C. CO2 v Ca(OH)2 D. SO2 v H2S
Cu 20: Cho 12,7 gam FeCl2 vo dd H2SO4 long d thu c dd X. Tnh th tch dd KMnO4 0,5M
cn ly tc dng ht vi FeCl2 trong X:
A. 0,24 lt
B. 0,12 lt
C. 0,15 lt
D. 0,18 lt
Cu 21: C bao nhiu ng phn cu to l ankadien mch nhnh lin hp c cng thc phn t l
C6H10:
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3.
Cu 22:t chy hon ton hidrocacbon X thu c CO2 v H2O c t l th tch tng ng l 6:7.
Bit X cha 2 nguyn t C bc III. Tn thay th ca X l:
A. 2-metylpentan
B. 3-metylpentan
C. 2,3-imetylpentan
D. 2,3-imetylbutan
Cu 23: Cho kim loi kim M vo 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,5M thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc) v dung
dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta c khi lng l:
A. 23,3 gam
B. 39,4 gam
C. 62,7 gam
D. 43,0 gam
Cu 24: Cho s sau: Fe X1 X2 X3 Fe. Vi X1, X2, X3 l cc hp cht st (II). Vy X1, X2,
X3 tng ng vi dy cht no sau y ?
A. FeS, Fe(NO3)2, FeCl2
B. Fe(NO3)2, FeCl2, FeSO4
C. FeCl2, FeCO3, FeSO4
D. FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeCl2
Cu 25: Cho cc phn ng sau:
- Nhm cacbua phn ng vi nc (1);
- Canxi cacbua phn ng vi dung dch HCl (2);
- Natri axetat tc dng vi vi ti xt (3);
- Bc axetilua phn ng vi dung dch HCl (4);
- un nng metanol vi H2SO4 c 170oC (5);
- un nng etanol vi H2SO4 c 170oC (6).
C bao nhiu trng hp to ra hirocacbon
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5
D. 4
Cu 26: Hp cht hu c X mch h c cng thc phn t l C5H9Cl. Thy phn X trong nc nng
thu c hp cht hu c Y. Oxi ha Y thu c hp cht hu c Z. Z khng c phn ng trng
gng. Vy X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 5
D. 4
Cu 27: Cho axit cacboxylic X tc dng vi cht Y thu c cht hu c Z c cng thc phn t l
C3H9O2N. Z c tnh cht lng tnh. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu cp X, Y tho mn ?
A. 4
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Trang 79/305
Cu 28:Cho 0,02mol -amino axit X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,04mol NaOH. Mt khc
0,02mol X tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,02mol HCl thu c 3,67 gam mui. Cng thc ca
X l:
A. CH3CH(NH2)-COOH
B. HOOC-CH2CH(NH2)-COOH
C. HOOC-CH2CH2CH(NH2)-COOH
D. H2N-CH2CH(NH2)-COOH
Cu 29:Cho cc nguyn t X (Z = 7) v Y (Z = 15). Pht biu no sau y l sai:
A. Y l cht rn iu kin thng
B. X l thnh phn chnh ca kh quyn tri t
C. Y km hot ng hn X iu kin thng
D. X tc dng c vi Mg nhit cao
Cu 30: Cho 0,5 lt hn hp gm hirocacbon v kh cacbonic vo 2,5 lt oxi (ly d) ri t. Th tch
ca hn hp thu c sau khi t l 3,4 lt. Cho hn hp qua thit b lm lnh, th tch hn hp kh cn
li 1,8 lt v cho li qua dung dch KOH d ch cn 0,5 lt kh. Th tch cc kh c o trong cng
iu kin. Tn gi ca hirocacbon l
A. propan
B. xiclobutan
C. propen
D. xiclopropan
Cu 31:Th tnh tan ca kh X trong nc bng cch p ngc bnh ng kh c ng vut nhn xuyn
qua vo chu nc c pha phenolphtalein. Kt qu th nghim c m t nh nh hnh v:
X l kh no trong cc kh sau y:
A. N2
B. HCl
C. CO2
D. NH3
Cu 32: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm CxHyCOOH, CxHyCOOCH3 v CH3OH thu
c 2,688 lit CO2 (ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi
30ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c 0,96 gam CH3OH. Cng thc ca CxHyCOOH l:
A. C2H3COOH
B. CH3COOH
C. C3H5COOH
D. C2H5COOH
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton 28,8 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, ancol propylic v p crezol trong
hexan ri cho Na d vo th thu c 4,48 lit H2 (ktc). Lng p crezol trong hn hp bng
A. 0,1mol
B. 0,2mol
C. 0,3mol
D. 0,4mol
Cu 34: Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi H2
bng 23. Cho m gam X qua ng s CuO d nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2g. Cho Y tc dng hon ton
vi lng d dd AgNO3/NH3, to ra 48,6g Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan-1-ol trong X l
A. 16,3%
B. 12,5%
C. 83,7%
D. 48,9%
Cu 35: C 6 ng nghim, mi ng nghim cha 1 trong cc dung dch sau: glixerol, glucoz, lng
trng trng, axit fomic, natri hidroxit, axit axetic. phn bit 6 dung dich ny ch cn dng mt thuc
th l
Trang 80/305
A. u tm
B. CuSO4
C. AgNO3/NH3
D. Br2
Cu 36:Phn ng thy phn este no, n chc, mch h trong mi trng axit khng c c im no
sau y:
A. l phn ng thun nghch
B. sn phm gm axit v ancol
C. l phn ng mt chiu
D. xy ra khi c xc tc axit, un nng
Cu 37: Cho 32,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 un vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c
0,15 mol NO2 v 0,1 mol NO. Tnh s mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng:
A. 1,60 mol
B. 1,65 mol
C. 1,70 mol
D. 1,75 mol
Cu 38: Cho cc th nghim sau y:
(1) Nung hn hp NaNO2 v NH4Cl
(2) in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi hai in cc tr
(3) Dn kh NH3 qua CuO nung nng
(4) Nhit phn Ba(NO3)2
(5) Cho kh F2 tc dng vi H2O
(6) H2O2 tc dng vi KNO2
(7) Cho kh O3 tc dng vi dung dch KI (8) in phn NaOH nng chy
(9) Dn hi nc qua than nng
(10) Nhit phn KMnO4
S th nghim thu c kh oxi l:
A. 5
B. 7
C. 4
D. 6
Cu 39: Cho 5 gam bt Mg vo dung dch hn hp KNO3 v H2SO4, un nh, trong iu kin thch
hp, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A cha m gam mui; 1,792 lt hn hp kh
B (ktc) gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu ngoi khng kh v cn li 0,44 gam
cht rn khng tan. Bit t khi hi ca B i vi H2 l 11,5. Gi tr ca m l
A. 36,04
B. 27,96
C. 31,08
D. 29,34
Cu 40: Cho phn ng sau:
C6H5-CH2-CH2-CH3 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 C6H5COOH + CH3COOH + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O
Xc nh tng h s cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng. Bit rng chng l cc s nguyn ti gin
vi nhau:
A. 14
B. 18
C. 15
D. 20
Cu 41:Cho cc hp cht n chc mch h c CTPT l C2H4O2 tc dng vi: Na, NaOH, NaHCO3,
AgNO3/NH3,t0. S phn ng xy ra l
A. 6
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
Cu 42: Tin hnh cc th nghim sau:
(1) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch FeSO4
(2) Sc kh H2S vo dung dch CuSO4
(3) Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Na2SiO3
(4) Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2
(5) Nh t t dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3
(6) Nh t t dung dch Ba(OH)2 n d vo dung dch Al2(SO4)3
Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, s th nghim thu c kt ta l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 43: Cht hu c X c cha vng benzen v c cng thc phn t l C9H10O. X khng c phn
ng trng gng v khng tc dng vi Na. Hiro ho hon ton X thu c cht hu c Y. Y tc
dng vi Na. Hy cho bit X c bao nhiu cng thc cu to:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Trang 81/305
Cu 44: Nhit phn cc cht sau trong khng kh: KClO3, Fe(OH)2, KNO3, NH4NO2, H2O2, KMnO4,
NaHCO3. S trng hp xy ra phn ng thuc loi oxi ho - kh ni phn t l
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 45: C cc dung dch sau (dung mi nc): metylamin (1); anilin (2); amoniac (3); HOOCCH(NH2)-COOH (4); H2N-CH2-CH(COOH)-NH2(5), lysin (6), axit glutamic (7). Cc cht lm qu
tm chuyn thnh mu xanh l:
A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5)
B. (1), (2), (3), (5)
C. (1), (3), (5), (6)
D. (1), (2), (3)
Cu 46: Cho a gam bt Al vo dd cha 0,2 mol AgNO3; 0,15 mol Cu(NO3)2 v 0,1 mol Fe(NO3)3 thu
c dd X v kt ta Y. Hy la chn gi tr ca a di y kt ta Y thu c cha 3 kim loi
A. 2,7 gam
B. 4,5 gam
C. 6,75 gam
D. 10,8 gam
Cu 47 : Nhm cc vt liu c iu ch t polime to ra do phn ng trng hp l:
A. T nilon-6,6, poli(metyl metacrylat), thu tinh plexiglas, t nitron
B. Cao su, t lapsan, thu tinh plexiglas, poli(vinyl clorua), t nitron
C. T lapsan, t axetat, thu tinh plexiglas, poli(vinyl clorua), polietilen
D. Cao su, t capron, thu tinh plexiglas, poli(vinyl clorua), t nitron
Cu 48: Ho tan hon ton 9,2 gam qung cancopirit (CuFeS2) trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Tnh
th tch kh SO2 thot ra (ktc). Bit Cu, Fe v S trong qung cancopirit b oxi ha n Cu+2, Fe+3 v
S+4.
A. 7,28 lt
B. 19,04 lt
C. 14,56 lt
D. 9,52 lt
Cu 49:Cho 0,1mol anehit X phn ng ti a vi 0,3mol H2 thu c 9 gam ancol. Mt khc 2,1 gam
X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 21,6
B. 10,8
C. 5,4
D. 16,2
Cu 50: Rt t t dung dch NaHSO4 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch NaAlO2 0,2M. Khi lng kt ta
thu c ph thuc vo V (ml) dung dch NaHSO4 nh sau: Gi tr ca a l:
A. 1000
B. 800
C. 900
D. 1200
Trang 82/305
H v tn th sinh: ...
S bo danh:
Cho bit nguyn t khi (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:
H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; S = 32;
Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85;
Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207; I = 127; F = 19.
Cu 1: Ha tan hon ton 8,862 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long, thu c
dung dch X v 3,136 lt ( ktc) hn hp Y gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu
trong khng kh. Khi lng ca Y l 5,18 gam. Nu cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X v un
nng, khng c kh mi khai thot ra. Phn trm khi lng ca Al trong hn hp ban u l
A. 11,37%
B. 11,54%
C. 18,28%
D. 12,80%
Cu 2: linh ng ca nguyn t H trong nhm OH ca cc cht C2H5OH (1), C6H5OH (2), H2O
(3), HCOOH (4), CH3COOH (5) tng dn theo th t no:
A. (3)<(2)<(1)<(5)<(4)
B. (5)<(4)<(2)<(1)<(3)
C. (1)<(3)<(2)<(4)<(5)
D. (1)<(3)<(2)<(5)<(4)
Cu 3: Cho cc khng nh sau:
(1) Phn ng to este ca glucoz vi anhirit axetic chng minh glucoz c mch cacbon khng phn
nhnh.
(2) Saccaroz ch c cu trc dng mch vng.
(3) Phn ng tch nc t ancol no, n chc bc 1 (H2SO4, 1800C) ta thu c duy nht mt olefin.
(4) HNO3 c nng ha tan c SiO2.
(5) Khi t chy hon ton mt axit no, n chc hay mt este no, n chc u thu c s mol CO 2
bng s mol H2O.
(6) Ancol no, n chc hay ete no, n chc c CTT l CnH2n+2O.
(7). Oxi ha ancol bc 1 vi CuO lun thu c anehit tng ng.
S khng nh ng l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 2
D. 5
Cu 4: Hn hp X gm Na, Ba, Na2O, BaO. Ha tan ht 107,9 gam hn hp X vo nc thu c
7,84 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch kim Y trong c 28 gam NaOH. Hp th 17,92 lt kh SO2 (ktc) vo
dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 130,2 gam
B. 173,6 gam
C. 108,5 gam
D. 21,7 gam
Cu 5: Cho 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 400ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,25M v K2CO3 0,4M c dung
dch X. Cho dung dch BaCl2 d vo dung dch X thu c kt ta, lc ly kt ta em nung n khi
lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 21,67
B. 9,18
C. 71,91
D. 48,96
Cu 6: Cho cc cht: CH3COONH4; Na2CO3; Ba(OH)2; Al2O3; CH3COONa; C6H5ONa; Zn(OH)2;
NH4Cl; KHCO3; NH4HSO4; Al; (NH4)2CO3. S cht khi cho vo dung dch HCl hay dung dch NaOH
u cho phn ng l
Trang 83/305
A. 7
B. 9
C. 8
D. 6
Cu 7: Cho 16,0 gam Fe2O3 tc dng vi m gam Al ( nhit cao) thu c hn hp rn A.Cho A
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,1
B. 2,7
C. 5,4
D. 6,3
Cu 8: Cho cc cht: Fe; dung dch FeCl2; dung dch HCl; dung dch Fe(NO3)2; dung dch FeCl3; dung
dch AgNO3. Cho tng cp cht phn ng vi nhau th s phn ng thuc loi phn ng oxi ha kh
c th c l:
A. 4
B. 7
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 9: Cho 4,48 gam hn hp gm CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC6H5 (c t l mol 1:1) tc dng vi
800 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th khi lng cht rn thu
c l:
A. 5,60 gam
B. 4,88 gam
C. 6,40 gam
D. 3,28 gam
2+
2+
Cu 10: Dung dch A cha: 0,15 mol Ca , 0,6 mol Cl , 0,1 mol Mg , a mol HCO3-, 0,4 mol Ba2+. C
cn dung dch A thu c cht rn B. Nung B trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m
gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 102,2
B. 127,2
C. 90,1
D. 105,5
Cu 11: Cho 8,4 gam st tan ht vo dung dch HNO3 long. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c 2,688 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 30,72 g
B. 29,04 g
C. 36,30 g
D. 32,40 g
Cu 12: a mol cht bo X c th cng hp ti a vi 4a mol Br2. t chy hon ton a mol X thu c
b mol H2O v V lt kh CO2 (ktc). Biu thc lin h gia V vi a,b l:
A. V = 22,4(4a-b)
B. V = 22,4(b+3a)
C. V = 22,4(b+6a)
D. V = 22,4(b+7a)
Cu 13: Mui A c cng thc l C3H10O3N2.Ly 10,98 gam A phn ng ht vi 200 ml dung dch
KOH 0,5M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng th c phn hi v phn cht rn, trong phn hi c 1
cht hu c bc 3, trong phn rn ch l cht v c. Khi lng phn hi thu c l:
A. 5,31 g
B. 11,52 g
C. 1,62 g
D. 6,93 g
Cu 14: Dy cc kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm khi l
A. Ca, Sr, Ba
B. Na, K, Ba
C. Na, K, Mg
D. Mg, Ca, Ba
Cu 15: Ha tan 20,8 gam hn hp bt gm FeS, FeS2, S bng dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c
53,76 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
(d), lc ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c
l:
A. 9g
B. 8,2g
C. 10,7g
D. 16g
Cu 16: Cho m gam hn hp X gm axit glutamic v alanin tc dng vi dung dch HCl d. Sau phn
ng lm bay hi cn thn dung dch thu c (m + 11,68) gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X
tc dng vi dung dch KOH va , sau phn ng lm bay hi cn thn dung dch thu c (m + 19)
gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 36,6 gam
B. 38,92 gam
C. 38,61 gam
D. 35,4 gam
Cu 17: t chy hon ton hn hp X (glucoz, fructoz, axit etanoic) cn 4,48 lt O2 (ktc). Dn
sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, sau phn ng hon ton thu c m gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 20
B. 12
C. 15
D. 20,5
Trang 84/305
Cu 18: Cho cc polime sau: t nilon-6,6, poli(vinyl clorua), thy tinh plexiglas, teflon, nha novolac,
t visco, t nitron, cao su buna. Trong , s polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp l
A. 5
B. 4
C. 6
D. 7
Cu 19:Hin tng no di y khng xy ra trong th nghim:
Trang 85/305
Cu 25: Cho 36,56 gam hn hp X gm Cu v FeCO3 vo dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy
u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c kh NO; 448 ml CO2; dung dch Y v 22,4 gam
kim loi. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng cht rn khan l:
A. 38,82
B. 36,24
C. 39,62
D. 38,38
Cu 26:Cht c dng lm kh kh clo m l:
A. CaO
B. Na2SO3 khan
C. dd NaOH c
D. dd H2SO4 c
Cu 27:Mt nguyn t R to hp cht kh vi H c dng RH3. Nguyn t ny chim 25,93% khi
lng trong oxit cao nht. R l:
A. Al
B. N
C. P
D. As
Cu 28: Trn ancol C3H7OH vi axit CH3COOH ri chia thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho tc
dng ht vi Na thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn 2 un nng cho xy ra phn ng este ha, sau
mt thi gian, ngui ri cho tc dng ht vi Na, thu c 2,24 lt H2 (ktc). S gam este to thnh
l:
A. 5,1 gam
B. 10,2 gam
C. 15,3 gam
D. 20,4 gam
Cu 29: C cc pht biu sau y:
1) Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
2) Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3.
3) Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh.
4) Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom.
5) Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng.
6) dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm -OH k nhau.
7) Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom.
8) Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm -OH u to ete vi CH3OH.
S nhn nh ng l:
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 7.
Cu 30: X phng ha hon ton m gam mt este n chc A bng 200ml dung dch KOH 1M. C
cn dung dch sau phn ng c 19,3 gam cht rn khan v hi mt ancol B. Oxi ha B bng lng
d CuO, sn phm thu c em trng bc hon ton thu c 64,8 gam Ag. Khi lng m v cng
thc ca A l:
A. 12,9 g v C2H3COOCH3
B. 13,2 g v C2H5COOCH3
C. 17,2 g v C2H3COOCH3
D. 26,4 g v CH3COOC2H5
Cu 31: Hn hp X gm c C2H5OH. C2H5COOH, CH3CHO trong C2H5OH chim 50% theo s
mol. t chy m gam hn hp X thu c 3,06 gam H2O v 3,136 lt CO2( ktc). Mt khc 13,2 gam
hn hp X thc hin phn ng trng bc thy c x gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 10,8 gam
B. 2,16 gam
C. 8,64 gam
D. 4,32 gam
Cu 32: Cho cc dung dch sau phn ng vi nhau tng i mt nhit thng: BaCl 2; NaHCO3;
Na2CO3; NaHSO4. S phn ng xy ra l
Trang 86/305
A. 2
B. 1
C. 3
D. 4
Cu 33: Cho cc cht lng sau: axit axetic, glixerol, triolein. phn bit cc cht lng trn, c th
ch cn dng:
A. Nc brom
B. Nc v qu tm
C. Nc v dung dch NaOH
D. NaOH
Cu 34: Ha tan ht m gam AlCl3 vo nc c dung dch X. Cho 110ml dung dch KOH 3M vo X,
thu c a gam kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho 150 ml dung dch KOH 3M vo X th cng thu c a gam
kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,685
B. 18,690
C. 17,710
D. 20,025
Cu 35: in phn vi (in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol, n khi
catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c
anot l
A. kh Cl2 v H2.
B. kh Cl2 v O2.
C. ch c kh Cl2.
D. kh H2 v O2.
Cu 36: X l tetrapeptit Ala-Gly-Val-Ala, Y l tripeptit Val-Gly-Val. un nng m gam hn hp X v
Y c t l s mol n X :n Y = 1:3 vi 780 ml dung dch NaOH 1M (va ), sau khi phn ng kt thc thu
c dung dch Z. C cn dung dch thu c 94,98 gam mui. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 68,1g
B. 64,86g
C. 77,04g
D. 65,13g
Cu 37:Tn quc t ca ancol CH3 - CH(OH) - CH3 l:
A. Propan - 2 - ol
B. Ancol propylic
C. Ancol isopropylic D. Ancol sec - propylic
Cu 38: t chy hon ton hn hp gm hai este no, n chc mch h cn 5,68 g kh oxi v thu
c 3,248 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Cho hn hp este trn tc dng va vi KOH thu c hai ru l
ng ng k tip v 3,92 gam mui ca mt axit hu c. Cng thc cu to ca hai este l
A. C3H7COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5
B. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5
C. C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOCH3
D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5
Cu 39:Cho hn hp But 1 in v hiro d qua xc tc Pd/PbCO3 un nng, sn phm to ra l:
A. Butan
B. But 1 en
C. But 2 en
D. Isobutilen
Cu 40: Cho cc cht: FeCO3, Fe(NO3)2, Fe2(SO4)3, FeSO4, FeS, CuS. S lng cht c th c kh
thot ra khi cho vo dung dch HCl v un nh l:
A. 6
B. 3
C. 5
D. 4
Cu 41: Cho cc cht: etilen; saccaroz; axetilen; fructoz; anehit axetic; tinh bt; axit fomic;
xenluloz; glucoz. S cht c th phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 l
A. 3
B. 7
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 42: Cho a gam bt Fe vo 400 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,4M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,8a gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca a v V ln lt l:
A. 30,8 v 2,24
B. 17,8 v 4,48
C. 20,8 v 4,48
D. 35,6 v 2,24
Cu 43: Hn hp X cha: K2O; NH4Cl; KHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol bng nhau. Cho X vo nc d
un nng, dung dch thu c cha cht tan l
A. KCl; BaCl2
B. KCl; KOH
C. KCl; KHCO3; BaCl2
D. KCl
Cu 44: Cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho dung dch X1. C cn X1 c cht rn X2 v hn
hp hi X3. chng ct X3 thu c X4. Cho X4 trng gng c sn phm X5. Cho X5 tc dng vi
dung dch NaOH li thu c X2. cng thc cu to ca X l:
Trang 87/305
A. HCOO-C(CH3)=CH2
B. HCOOCHCHCH3
C. CH2CH-CH2-OCOH
D. CH2CH-OCOCH3
Trang 88/305
Cu 1: Khi iu ch axetilen bng phng php nhit phn metan thu c hn hp X gm axetilen,
hiro v mt phn metan cha phn ng. T khi ca X so vi hiro bng 5. Hiu sut qu trnh
chuyn ha metan thnh axetilen l
A. 60%.
B. 40%.
C. 30%.
D. 70%.
Cu 2: Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 25. S electron phn lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nguyn t
X l
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 5.
Cu 3: Mt hn hp X gm K v Al c khi lng l 10,5 gam. Ho tan X trong nc th hn hp X
tan ht cho ra dung dch A. Thm t t dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch A. Ban u khng c kt ta.
Khi th tch dung dch HCl 1M thm vo l 100 ml th bt u c kt ta. Khi lng K c trong X l:
A. 1,95 gam.
B. 7,8 gam.
C. 3,9 gam.
D. 5,85 gam.
Cu 4:Hn hp X gm 3 peptit u mch h c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 1 : 3. Thy phn hon ton
m gam X, thu c hn hp sn phm gm 14,24 gam alanin v 8,19 gam valin. Bit tng s lin kt
peptit trong phn t ca ba peptit trong X nh hn 13. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 18,47
B. 18,83
C. 18,29
D. 19,19
Cu 5: Ho tan 14,2 gam hn hp X gm MgCO3 v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi M vo mt
lng va axit HCl 7,3% thu c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Nng MgCl2 trong Y
l 6,028%. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch Y, lc ly kt ta em nung ngoi khng kh n
khi lng khng i th thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m bng
A. 12,0 gam.
B. 8,0 gam.
C. 10,4 gam.
D. 7,6 gam.
Cu 6: Hin tng no di y c m t khng ng:
A. Thi kh NH3 qua CrO3 un nng thy cht rn chuyn t mu sang mu lc thm.
B. Nung Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu vng nu sang mu en.
C. t CrO trong khng kh thy cht rn chuyn t mu en sang mu lc thm.
D. un nng S vi K2Cr2O7 thy cht rn chuyn t mu da cam sang mu lc thm.
Cu 7:Hn hp X gm 2 mui R2CO3 v RHCO3. Chia 44,7 gam X thnh 3 phn bng nhau:
- Phn I tc dng hon ton vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 35,46 gam kt ta.
- Phn II tc dng hon ton vi dung dch BaCl2 d thu c 7,88 gam kt ta.
- Phn III tc dng ti a vi V ml dung dch KOH 2M.
Gi tr ca V l:
A. 180
B. 110
C. 70
D. 200
Cu 8: Trong mt bnh kn cha 10,8 gam kim loi M (ho tr khng i) v 0,6 mol O2. Nung bnh
mt thi gian, sau a bnh v nhit ban u th p sut trong bnh ch cn bng 75 % so vi ban
u. Ly cht rn thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch HCl d c 6,72 lt H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Mg.
B. Al.
C. Zn.
D. Fe.
Cu 9: t chy hon ton 3,99 gam cht hu c X phi dng va 5,88 lt kh O2 (ktc). Sn phm
chy ch c CO2 v H2O theo t l 44 : 15 v khi lng. T khi hi ca X i vi O2 l 3,5625, cng
thc phn t ca X l:
A. C6H12O2.
B. C6H10O.
C. C6H10O2.
D. C5H10O2.
Cu 10: Cho qu tm ln lt vo dung dch mi hp cht di y
(1) H2N CH2 COOH;
(2) ClNH3 CH2 COOH;
(3) H2N CH2 COONa
(4) H2N [CH2]2 CH(NH2) COOH;
(5) HOOC CH2 CH(NH2) COOH.
S dung dch lm i mu qu tm l:
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Trang 89/305
t
A. (NH4)2Cr2O7
Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O. B. 2CrO3+ 2NH3 Cr2O3 + N2 + 3H2O.
C. 3CuO + 2NH3 3Cu + N2+ 3H2O.
D. Fe2O3 + 6HI 2FeI3 + 3H2O.
Cu 17: Chn nhn xt ng:
A. Trong phng th nghim, N2 c iu ch bng cch un nng dung dch NH4NO3 bo ha.
B. Phn chua c cng thc l Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O.
C. Phn t CO2, Cl2, C2H4 u khng phn cc.
D. Theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, cc kim loi kim th (t beri n bari) c nhit
nng chy gim dn.
Cu 18: Cho cc phng trnh phn ng sau
(1) NO2 + NaOH
(2) Al2O3 + HNO3c, nng
(3) Fe(NO3)2 + H2SO4 (long)
(4) Fe2O3 + HI
(5) FeCl3 + H2S
(6) CH2 = CH2 + Br2
S phn ng oxi ha kh l:
A. 4
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 19: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,1M vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 0,1M v NaAlO2 0,1M.
Khi lng kt ta thu c ph thuc vo V (l) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca b v a ln lt l:
A. 0,4 v 1,0
B. 0,2 v 1,2
C. 0,2 v 1,0
D. 0,4 v 1,2
Trang 90/305
NH3
HCl
.
Trang 91/305
Cc cht X v Y ln lt l
A. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COONH4 v CH3CH2CH(NH3Cl)COONH4.
B. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COONH4 v CH3CH2CH(NH3Cl)COOH.
C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH v CH3CH2CH(NH3Cl)COONH4.
D. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COONH4 v CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH.
Cu 32: Ho tan 17 gam hn hp NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2 vo nc c 500 gam dung dch X.
trung ho 50 gam dung dch X cn dng 40 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. C cn dung dch sau khi trung
ho thu c khi lng mui khan l
A. 1,58 gam.
B. 2,44 gam.
C. 3,16 gam.
D. 1,22 gam.
Cu 33: C s : X Y polibutaien. Cht X c th l mt trong cc cht trong dy cc ha cht
no di y:
A. Ancol etylic, butan, vinylaxetilen.
B. Axetilen, ancol etylic, butan.
C. Vinylaxetilen, etilen, butan.
D. Ancol etylic, etilen, butan.
Cu 34: Chn pht biu ng:
A. Khi t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon X bt k, nu thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol
H2O th X l anken.
B. Nhng hp cht hu c khc nhau c cng phn t khi l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Khi un C2H5Br vi dung dch KOH ch thu c etilen.
D. Hin nay phng php ch yu sn xut axit axetic l cho CH3OH tc dng vi CO.
Cu 35:Cho cc pht biu:
(a) Trong mt phn t tristearin c cha 3 lin kt pi.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc
(c) Cht bo b thy phn hon ton trong mi trng axit
(d) Cht bo l trieste ca etylen glicol vi cc axit bo
S pht biu ng l:
A. 4
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
Cu 36: X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2. Bit: X lm tan vi; Y khng tc dng c
vi NaOH; tc dng vi Na; tham gia phn ng trng bc; oxi ha vi xc tc thch hp thu c hp
cht a chc; Z khng tham gia phn ng trng bc; khng tc dng vi NaOH; tc dng vi Na. S
CTCT ph hp vi X, Y, Z l:
A. 1; 1; 2.
B. 1; 2; 2.
C. 1; 1; 1.
D. 1; 1; 3.
Cu 37: Pht biu no sau ykhngng:
A. Cc amino axit l nhng cht rn kt tinh, d tan trong nc v c nhit nng chy cao.
B. Tnh baz ca amoniac mnh hn anilin nhng li yu hn etylamin.
C. Cc peptit v protein c phn ng mu biure, ho tan Cu(OH)2 trong NaOH cho hp cht c
mu xanh lam c trng.
D. Anilin tc dng va vi dung dch HCl, ly sn phm thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH
li thu c anilin.
Cu 38:Nc t nhin c cha ion no sau y th c gi l nc cng ton phn:
A. HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+
B. HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Na+
C. Cl-, SO42-, Mg2+, HCO3D. Cl-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42Cu 39: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp Z thu c khi lng H2O t hn khi lng CO2 l 5,46 gam. Nu ly 1/2 lng
hn hp Z trn cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va th sau phn ng thu c 3,9 gam hn
hp mui khan. Cng thc hai axit trong Z l
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
B. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
Cu 40:Polime no sau y c tng hp bng phn ng trng ngng:
A. poliacrilonitrin
B. Poli(metyl metacrylat)
C. polibutadien
D. Poli(etylen-terephtalat)
Cu 41: in phn dung dch BaCl2 vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp, sau mt thi gian thy anot
thot ra 1,68 lt mt cht kh (ktc). catot thu c:
A. 0,84 lt kh O2 (ktc).
B. 3,36 lt kh H2 (ktc).
C. 1,68 lt kh H2 (ktc).
D. 10,125 gam Ba bm vo in cc.
Trang 92/305
Cu 42: Cho dy cc cht: Na, Cu(OH)2, Mg(HCO3)2, CuO, NaCl, C2H5OH, C6H5OH, C6H5NH2,
CH3ONa, CH3COONa, AgNO3. S cht tc dng c vi axit propionic l
A. 4.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 43: Chia 7,8 gam hn hp ancol etylic v mt ng ng ca n thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn
mt tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc). Phn 2 tc dng vi 30 gam CH3COOH (c mt
H2SO4 c). Tng khi lng este thu c (hiu sut este ha 80%) l
A. 8,8 gam.
B. 7,28 gam.
C. 6,48 gam.
D. 8,1 gam.
Cu 44: un nng m gam hn hp gm nhng lng bng nhau v s mol ca glucoz, fructoz,
saccaroz v mantoz vi dung dch H2SO4 long n phn ng hon ton, sau trung ha axit ri
cho phn ng tip vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 to ra 12,96 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 31,32 gam.
B. 21,6 gam.
C. 10,44 gam.
D. 15,66 gam.
Cu 45: C nhng nhn xt sau v cc kim loi Cu, Ag, Au:
1. tnh kh gim dn: Cu > Ag > Au.
2. c ba kim loi u tan trong dung dch HNO3.
3. c ba kim loi u c th tn ti trong t nhin di dng n cht.
4. ch c Cu, Ag mi ha tan c trong dung dch HNO3, cn Au th khng.
5. ch c Cu mi ha tan trong dung dch HCl, cn Ag, Au th khng.
Nhng nhn xt ngl:
A. 1, 2, 4.
B. 1, 3, 4.
C. 1, 3, 5.
D. 1, 3, 4, 5.
Cu 46: Ch dng thm mt thuc th no sau y nhn bit cc dung dch rt long mt nhn
NH4HSO4, Ba(OH)2, BaCl2, HCl, NaCl v H2SO4.
A. dung dch Ba(OH)2.
B. dung dch NaOH.
C. qu tm.
D. dung dch HCl.
Cu 47: A, B, C l ba dn xut ca benzen, c cng cng thc phn t l C7H8O2. Bit rng:
- A phn ng c vi Na theo t l mol tng ng l 1:2, vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng l 1:1.
- B phn ng c vi Na theo t l mol tng ng l 1:2, vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng l 1:2.
- C phn ng c vi Na theo t l mol tng ng l 1:1, vi NaOH theo t l mol tng ng l 1:1.
Cng thc cu to ca A, B, C ln lt l
A. HOC6H4CH2OH, CH3C6H4(OH)2 v HOC6H4OCH3.
B. CH3C6H4(OH)2, HOC6H4CH2OH v HOC6H4OCH3.
C. CH3C6H4(OH)2, HOC6H4OCH3 v HOC6H4CH2OH.
D. HOC6H4CH2OH, HOC6H4CH3 v HOC6H4OH.
Cu 48: Hon tan hon ton hn hp gm 16,8 gam Fe v 9,6 gam Cu trong dung dch HNO3 long,
sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch cha 91,5 gam mui v V lt kh NO (sn phm
kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 7,84.
B. 8,96.
C. 6,72.
D. 23,52.
Cu 49:Cho th nghim nh hnh v. Cc cht A, B, C ln lt l:
A. H2; S; CuS
Kh A
B. H2; S; CuSO4
C. NH3; CuO; H2S
D. CO; Fe2O3; Ca(OH)2
Bt B
Dung dch C
Kt ta en
Cu 50: Cho 5 kg benzen phn ng vi dung dch hn hp HNO3 c v H2SO4 c. Lng
nitrobenzen to thnh c kh thnh anilin. Bit rng hiu sut mi phn ng u l 78%. Khi
lng anilin thu c l
A. 3,627 kg.
B. 4,65 kg.
C. 5,962 kg.
D. 7,643 kg.
Trang 93/305
Kh A l:
A. NH3
B. O2
C. N2
D. HCl
Cu 6: Cho cc phn ng sau:(1) Cl2 + NaOH; (2) SO2 + NaOH; (3) NO2 + NaOH; (4) CO2 +
NaOH; (5) Br2 + NaOH; Hy cho bit phn ng no l phn ng oxi ha - kh:
A. (1) (3) (5).
B. (1) (2) (5).
C. (1) (2) (4).
D. (1) (2) (3).
Cu 7: Cho dy cc cht: H2NCH2COOH, C2H5NH2, CH3NH2, CH3COOH. S cht trong dy phn
ng vi HCl trong dung dch l:
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 8: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Ba, Al, K, Mg. S kim loi trong dy phn ng vi lng d dung
Trang 94/305
C. 3.
D. 5.
H 15%
H 95%
H 90%
(3) Nhm OH v vng benzen c s nh hng qua li gia cc nguyn t trong phn t phenol.
(4) Tch nc lin phn t iu kin thch hp t n phn t ancol to ti a n! ete.
S kt lun ng l:
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4
Cu 20: Cho cc nhn nh v saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz:
(1) Saccaroz ging vi glucoz l u c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch phc ng mu
xanh lam.
(2) Saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz u c phn ng thu phn.
(3) Saccaroz v tinh bt khi b thu phn to ra glucoz c phn ng trng gng nn saccaroz cng
nh tinh bt u c phn ng trng gng.
(4) Tinh bt khc xenluloz ch n c phn ng mu vi I2.
(5) Ging nh xenluloz, tinh bt ch c cu to mch khng phn nhnh.
S nhn nh khng ng l:
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 1.
Cu 21: Chia m gam Al thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng ddung dch NaOH, sinh ra x mol kh H2;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng ddung dch HNO3 long, sinh ra y mol kh N2O (sn phm khduy
nht). uan h gia x v y l
A. x = y.
B. y = 2x.
C. x = 4y.
D. x = 2y.
Cu 22: Cacbohirat X c phn ng trng gng. un nng a mol X trong dung dch HCl long d
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch Y. Trung ho axit cn d, sau cho AgNO 3 d
trong NH3 vo Y, ng thi un nng, sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 4a mol Ag. X c th l
cacbohirat no sau y:
A. Saccaroz.
B. Mantoz.
C. Xenluloz.
D. Glucoz.
Cu 23: Ly 14,6 gam mt ipeptit to ra t glyxin v alanin tc dng vi dung dch HCl 1M. Th
tch dung dch HCl tham gia phn ng l:
A. 0,2 lit.
B. 0,1 lit.
C. 0,15 lit.
D. 1 lit.
Cu 24:Chia m gam hn hp X gm FeS v CuS thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 phn ng vi
dung dch HCl (d), thu c 2,24 lt kh (ktc). Ha tan ht phn 2 trong dung dch HNO3 long (d),
sinh ra 15,68 lt NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 46,4
B. 34,8
C. 23,2
D. 56,0
Cu 25: Thy phn hn hp gm 0,01 mol saccaroz v 0,02 mol mantoz trong mi trng axit, vi
hiu sut u l 60% theo mi cht, thu c dung dch X. Trung ha dung dch X, thu c dung
dch Y, sau cho ton b Y tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c m gam
Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,480.
B. 9,504.
C. 7,776.
D. 8,208.
Cu 26:Cho m gam Fe vo bnh cha dung dch gm HNO3 v H2SO4 thu c dung dch X v 1,12
lit kh NO. Thm tip dung dch H2SO4 d vo bnh thu c 0,448 lit kh NO v dung dch Y. Bit
trong c 2 trng hp NO l sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc. Dung dch Y ha tan va ht 2,08 gam
Cu (khng to thnh sn phm kh ca N+5). Bit cc phn ng u xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,06
B. 2,04
C. 4,20
D. 3,92
Cu 27: Thy phn hon ton 0,3 mol mt este E mch h cn dng 140 gam KOH 36%, thu c
mt ancol v 79,8g hn hp mui ca 2 axit cacboxilic n chc. Hai axit l:
Trang 96/305
A. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
C. HCOOH v C2H5COOH.
D. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Cu 28:Cho 6 gam km ht vo cc ng 100ml dung dch H2SO4 2M nhit thng. Bin i
no sau y khng lm thay i tc phn ng:
A. Tng nhit ln n 50OC.
B. Thay 100mldung dch H2SO4 2M bng 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M.
C. Thay 6 gam km ht bng 6 gam km bt.
D. Thm 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 trn na.
Cu 29: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol mt este X, thu c 10,08 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 8,1 gam
H2O.Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C3H6O2.
B. C2H4O2.
C. C4H8O2.
D. C5H10O2.
Cu 30: S sp xp theo trt t tng dn tnh baz gia etylamin, phenylamin v amoniac ng l
A. etylamin < amoniac < phenylamin.
B. phenylamin < etylamin < amoniac.
C. phenylamin < amoniac < etylamin.
D. amoniac < etylamin < phenylamin.
Cu 31: Cho 29,8 gam hn hp hai amin n chc k tip tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl, lm kh
dung dch thu c 51,7 gam mui khan. Cng thc phn t hai amin l
A. C2H7N v C3H9N.
B. CH5N v C2H7N.
C. C3H9N v C4H11N.
D. C3H7N v C4H9N.
Cu 32: X l hn hp gm HCOOH v CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 21,2 gam X tc dng vi 23
gam C2H5OH (xc tc H2SO4 c, un nng) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut este ha u t
80%). Gi tr m l:
A. 23,4 gam.
B. 48,8 gam.
C. 40,48 gam.
D. 25,92 gam.
Cu 33: Th tch dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M cn cho vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 v
HCl c pH = 1, thu c dung dch c pH = 2 l
A. 0,30 lt.
B. 0,25 lt.
C. 0,20 lt.
D. 0,15 lt.
Cu 34: Cho hn hp bt Al, Fe vo dung dch cha Cu(NO3)v AgNO3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn gm ba kim loi l
A. Al, Cu, Ag.
B. Fe, Cu, Ag.
C. Al, Fe, Cu.
D. Al, Fe, Ag.
Cu 35: Rt t t dung dch HCl 0,2M vo 150 ml dung dch hn hp KOH 0,1M v NaAlO2 0,2M.
Khi lng kt ta thu c ph thuc vo V (l) dung dch HCl nh sau: Gi tr ca b v a ln lt l:
A. 0,225 v 0,675
B. 0,45 v 2,7
C. 0,075 v 1,350
D. 0,3 v 1,250
Cu 38: Cho cc dung dch c cng nng : Na2CO3(1), H2SO4 (2), HCl (3), KNO3 (4). Gi tr pH
ca cc dung dch c sp xp theo chiu tng t tri sang phi l:
A. (3), (2), (4), (1). B. (4), (1), (2), (3). C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (1).
Cu 39:Hn hp X cha ba axit cacboxylic u n chc, mch h, gm mt axit no v hai axit
khng no u c mt lin kt i (C=C). Cho m gam X tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH
2M, thu c 25,56 gam hn hp mui. t chy hon ton m gam X, hp th ton b sn phm chy
bng dung dch NaOH d, khi lng dung dch tng thm 40,08 gam. Tng khi lng ca hai axit
cacboxylic khng no trong m gam X l:
A. 15,36 gam.
B. 9,96 gam.
C. 12,06 gam.
D. 18,96 gam.
Cu 40: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H 2SO4
0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui
khan l
A. 38,93 gam.
B. 103,85 gam.
C. 25,95 gam.
D. 77,86 gam.
Cu 41: Cho dy cc cht: glucoz, saccaroz, xenluloz, tinh bt. S cht trong dy khng tham gia
phn ng thy phn l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 3.
Cu 42: Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X cha ZnCl2, FeCl2, MgCl2 v BaCl2 thu c dung
dch Y v kt ta Z. Cho kt ta Z vo dung dch H2SO4 c, nng. Hi c bao nhiu phn ng xy
ra:
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 4.
Cu 43: Ly m gam hp cht A c CTPT l C3H9O2N tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, c
2,24 lt ( ktc) kh B thot ra lm xanh giy qu tm m. t chy ht lng kh B ni trn, thu c
4,4 gam CO2. CTCT ca A v B l:
A. HCOONH3CH3; CH3NH2.
B. HCOONH3C2H5; C2H5NH2.
C. CH2=CHCOONH4; NH3.
D. CH3COONH3CH3; CH3NH2.
Cu 44: Tripeptit M v tetrapeptit u c to ra t mt amino axit X mch h, phn t c 1 nhm
NH2. Phn trm khi lng ca N trong X l 18,667%. Thy phn khng hon ton m gam hn hp M
v (t l mol 1:1) trong mi trng axit thu c 0,945 gam M; 4,62 gam ipeptit v 3,75 gam X. Gi
tr ca m l:
A. 9,315
B. 5,580
C. 58,725
D. 8,389
Cu 45: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch cha 0,2mol AgNO3 vi cng dng in 2,68A trong
thi gian t gi thu c dung dch X (hiu sut in phn l 100%). Cho 16,8 gam bt Fe vo X thy
thot ra kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht) v sau cc phn ng hon ton thu c 22,7 gam cht rn.
Gi tr ca t l:
A. 2,00
B. 1,00
C. 0,50
D. 0,25
Cu 46: Cho dy cc kim loi: K, Mg, Cu, Al. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch
HCl l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 4.
Cu 47: Dy cc kim loi c xp theo chiu gim dn tnh kh l:
A. K, Cu, Zn.
B. Cu, K, Zn.
C. Zn, Cu, K.
D. K, Zn, Cu.
Cu 48: Thu phn hon ton cht bo E bng dung dch NaOH thu c 1,84g glixerol v 18,24g
mui ca axit bo duy nht. Cht bo l:
A. (C17H33COO)3C3H5.
B. (C15H31COO)3C3H5.
C. (C15H29COO)3C3H5.
D. (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
Cu 49:Khi nu cm kh, c th lm mt mi cm kh bng cch cho vo ni cm:
Trang 98/305
A. Mt mu than ci
B. ng
C. Mui
D. Bt canh.
Cu 50: Cho 0,15 mol Fe tc dng va vi dung dch cha 0,36 mol H2SO4 c, nng (gi thit
SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton c cn dung dch c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 35,2 gam.
B. 25,68 gam.
C. 30 gam.
D. 22,8 gam.
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Cu 5: Cho ion M+ v X- c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 1s22s22p6. Lin kt gia M v X thuc loi
lin kt
A. cng ha tr
B. cng ha tr c phn cc
C. cho nhn
D. ion
Cu 6: Cho cc kim loi kim: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. Khi i t Li n Cs th bn knh nguyn t:
A. gim dn
B. khng i
C. tng dn
D. va tng va gim.
Cu 7: iu ch etylaxetat th cch lm ng nht l:
A. un hi lu hn hp etanol, gim v axit sunfuric c.
B. un hi lu hn hp axit axetic, ru trng v axit sunfuric c
C. un si hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c
D. un hi lu hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c.
Trang 100/305
Cu 8: Cho hn hp kim loi K-Ca vo nc d c dung dch X v thy gii phng ra 3,36 lt H2
(ktc). Cn phi ly bao nhiu ml H2SO4 0,5M trung ha ht dung dch X
A. 600 ml
B. 300ml
C. 150ml
D. 75ml
Cu 9: Cho 10,7g hn hp kim loi Al, Fe, Mg tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4. Kt thc phn
ng thy gii phng ra 7,84 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. c cn dung dch X c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 33,6g
B. 36,8g
C. 44,3g
D. 40,0g
Cu 10: Cho cn bng ha hc sau: 2NO2 (nu ) N2O4 (khng mu) H<0. Khi nhng bnh
ng hn hp kh trn vo nc th mu nu ca bnh s:
A. m dn
B. nht dn
C. khng i
D. mu
Cu 11:Khi nhit phn hon ton 100g mi cht KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3 th
cht to c lng oxi ln nht l:
A. KClO3
B. KMnO4
C. AgNO3
D. KNO3
Cu 12: C phn ng xy ra trong dung dch: C2H5Br + KOH C2H5OH + KBr. Nng ban u ca
KOH l 0,05M. Sau 10 pht ly ra 10 ml dung dch hn hp phn ng th thy n c trung ha va
bi 6 ml dung dch HCl 0,05M. Tc trung bnh ca phn ng trong khong thi gian trn l
A. 3.10-5M/s
B. 3,23.10-6M/s
C. 3,33.10-6M/s
D. 3,33.10-5M/s
Cu 13:Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic, etylen glicol v glixerol. t chy hon ton m gam X thu
c 6,72 lit CO2 (ktc). Cng m gam X tc dng vi Na d thu c ti a V lit kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca V l:
A. 3,36
B. 11,20
C. 5,6
D. 6,72
Cu 14:Oxi ha 0,08 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic, mt
anehit, ancol d v nc. Ngng t ton b X ri chia hn hp lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn I cho tc
dng ht vi Na d thu c 0,504 lit H2 (ktc). Phn II cho phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c
9,72 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ancol b oxi ha l:
A. 50,00%
B. 62,50%
C. 31,25%
D. 40,00%
Cu 15:Khng kh trong phng th nghim b nhim bi kh clo. kh c, c th xt vo khng
kh dd no sau y:
A. dd H2SO4
B. dd NaOH
C. dd NH3
D. dd NaCl
Cu 16: Mt dung dch cha cc ion sau: Al3+ 0,01 mol; Ba2+ x mol; NO3 0,03 mol; Cl-y mol. em c
cn dung dch th thy thu c 6,29g mui khan. Gi tr ca x v y ln lt l:
A. 0,01 v 0,02
B. 0,02 v 0,04
C. 0,03 v 0,03
D. 0,02 v 0,03
Cu 17: Cho oxit ca nit c thnh phn phn trm v khi lng oxi l 69,55%. Oxit l:
A. NO
B. N2O
C. NO2
D. N2O5
Cu 18: Trn 100ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,1M v HCl 0,2M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp
baz NaOH 0,3M v Ba(OH)2 0,15M thu c dung dch X. Tnh pH ca dung dch X
A. 2
B. 10
C. 12
D. 13
Cu 19: Ha tan 3,84g Cu v 200 ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,25M v H2SO4 0,275M. Sau phn
ng thu c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam
mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 9,74g
B. 30,24g
C. 26,4g
D. 28,7g
Cu 20: Cho 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp Y gm cc cht CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10. t chy hon
ton hn hp X thu c 6,3g H2O v 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc). S mol C2H4 trong hn hp trn l:
A. 0,25
B. 0,15
C. 0,05
D. 0,1
Trang 101/305
Cu 21: Cho 3,36 lt hn hp gm etan v mt hidrocacbon A i qua dung dch Brom d, thy khi
lng bnh brom tng 2,1g, ng thi c 2,24 lt mt cht kh bay ra (cc kh o ktc). Cng thc
phn t ca A l
A. C2H4
B. C3H6
C. C4H8
D. C3H4
Cu 22: Cho 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3 vo 50 ml dung dch NaOH thu c 1,56 gam kt ta v dung dch
X. Nng mol ca dung dch NaOH l
A. 1,2M
B. 2,4M
C. 3,6M
D. 4,2M
Cu 23: X phng ha hon ton 1.99 g hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05g mui
ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94g hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc phn t ca
hai este l
A. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5
B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5
C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7
D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5
Cu 24: Tin hnh ln men 324kg nguyn liu tinh bt (c cha 10% tp cht tr) thu c m kg ru
etylic. Tnh m bit hao ht trong qu trnh sn xut l 20%:
A. 132,48
B. 165,6
C. 134,48
D. 123,48
Cu 25: Cho 20 gam hn hp gm hai amin no, n chc, mch h tc dng va vi V ml dung
dch HCl 1M, thu c dung dch cha 31,68 gam hn hp mui. Gi tr ca V l
A. 200.
B. 100.
C. 320.
D. 50.
Cu 26:Dy gm cc ion cng tn ti trong mt dd l:
A. K+; Ba2+; Cl- v NO3-.
B. Cl-; Na+; NO3- v Ag+.
C. K+; Mg2+; OH-v NO3-.
D. Cu2+; Mg2+; H+ v OH-.
Cu 27: Thy phn hon ton mt hexapeptit thu c 2gly, 2ala, 1val v 1phe. Khi thy phn khng
hon ton cng hexapeptit trn th thu c ipeptit gly-ala, gly-phe v tripeptit ala-ala-val v val-glyphe. Tm hexapeptit trn:
A. gly-ala-ala-val-gly-phe
B. gly-phe-gly-val-ala-ala
C. ala-ala-val-gly-phe-gly
D. ala-val-gly-phe-gly-ala
Cu 28: C bao nhiu ng phn anehit c cng thc phn t C5H10O:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Cu 29: Trong cng nghip ngi ta dng cht no sau y trng gng v rut phch:
A. CH3CHO
B. C2H2
C. C6H12O6
D. C6H10O5
Cu 30: Ha tan 35,2g hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca kim loi A v B k tip nhau trong nhm IIA
bng dung dch HCl d th thu c 9,84 lt CO2 (270C; 0,8 atm) v dung dch X. A, B ln lt l:
A. Be v Mg
B. Mg v Ca
C. Ca v Sr
D. Sr v Ba
Cu 31: Th t tnh bazo tng dn trong dy no sau y l ng
A. C6H5NH2; CH3NH2; NH3;C2H5NH2
B. C6H5NH2; CH3NH2; C2H5NH2; NH3
C. C6H5NH2; NH3; CH3NH2; C2H5NH2
D. C2H5NH2; CH3NH2; NH3; C6H5NH2
Cu 32: loi b cc kh HCl, CO2, SO2 c ln trong kh N2, ngi ta s dng lng d dd:
A. NaCl
B. CuCl2
C. H2SO4
D. Ca(OH)2
Cu 33: u l t nhn to trong cc loi t sau
A. t visco v t axetat
B. t capron v t enang
C. t lapsan v t axetat
D. t visco v enang
Cu 34:in phn dung dch C cha a mol CuSO4 v 0,2mol KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp,
cng dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy thu c 2,464 lit kh anot (ktc). Nu thi
gian in phn l 2t th tng th tch kh thu c c 2 in cc l 5,824 lit (ktc). Bit hiu sut in
phn l 100%. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,26
B. 0,24
C. 0,18
D. 0,15
Trang 102/305
Cu 35: Cho hn hp gm 2,7 gam kim loi Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 450 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 64,8
B. 54
C. 50
D. 32,4
Cu 36: Trn hai dung dch AgNO3 0,42M v Pb(NO3)2 0,36M vi th tch dung dch bng nhau thu
c dung dch X. Cho 0,513g bt Al vo 100 ml dung dch X ti phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c
m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,851g
B. 4,554g
C. 5,994g
D. 6,333g
Cu 37:Hp cht 2,4 imetylhex 1 en ng vi cu to no sau y:
A. (CH3)2CHCH2CH(CH3)CH = CH2
B. (CH3)2CHCH2CH2C(CH3) = CH2
C. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2C(=CH2)CH3
D. CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2C(CH3) = CH2
Cu 38: Sc 0,896 lt kh CO2 vo hn hp 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,075M. Sau
phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m ?
A. 1,97
B. 3,94
C. 0,985
D. 4,26g
Cu 39: Ha tan 2,4g Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,28 lt kh N2O (ktc) v dung dch X.
C cn cn thn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 15,8
B. 14,8
C. 24,8
D. 20,8
Cu 40: Cho t t V lt CO2 ktc vo 100ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M ngi ta nhn thy khi lng
kt ta ph thuc vo th tch CO2 theo th di y: Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l:
A. 2,24 v 4,48
B. 0,1 v 0,2
C. 4,48 v 2,24
D. 0,2 v 0,1
Cu 41: Ch dng mt thuc th duy nht hy nhn bit cc dung dch mt nhn sau: CH3NH2,
C6H5OH, CH3COOH.
A. NaOH
B. dd Br2
C. qu tm
D. HCl
Cu 42: Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm AlCl 3 0,1M v
H2SO4 0,1M. thu c lng kt ta ln nht th gi tr ca V l:
A. 300ml
B. 500ml
C. 200ml
D. 600ml
Cu 43: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai hidrocacbon thuc cng mt dy ng ng lin tip
nhau, hp th ht ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thu c 25gam
kt ta, v khi lng nc vi trong gim 7,7gam. CTPT ca hai hidrocacbon l
A. C2H6; C3H8
B. C4H10; C5H12
C. CH4; C2H6
D. C3H8; C4H10
Cu 44: Cho dy bin ha sau: C2H4 X Y Z CH3COONa. X, Y c th ln lt l
A. C2H6; C2H5Cl
B. C2H5OH; CH3CHO
C. C2H5OH;CH3COOH
D. C2H5Cl; CH3COOH
Cu 45: t chy hon ton 8,7g mt amino axit X (c mt nhm NH2) th thu c 0,3 mol CO2;
0,25 mol H2O; 1,12 lt (ktc) mt kh tr. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C3H5O2N2
B. C3H5O2N
C. C3H7O2N
D. C6H10O2N2
Cu 46: Cho kh CO i qua ng s ng 0,04 mol hn hp X gm FeO v Fe2O3 un nng. Sau khi
kt thc th nghim c 4,784g hn hp cht rn Y. Kh i ra khi ng c hp th ht vo dung
dch Ba(OH)2 d th c 0,046 mol kt ta. T l s mol ca FeO v Fe2O3 trong X l:
A. 1:1
B. 1:2
C. 1:3
D. 2:3
Trang 103/305
Trang 104/305
A. Zn.
B. Ca.
C. Mg.
D. Ba.
Cu 8: X v Y l hai nguyn t thuc cng mt nhm, hai chu k lin tip. S proton ca nguyn t
Y nhiu hn s proton ca nguyn t X. Tng s ht proton trong nguyn t X v Y l 22. Nhn xt
no sau y v X, Y l ng:
A. X v Y u c ha tr cao nht trong hp cht bng V.
B. iu kin thng n cht ca X l cht rn, n cht ca Y l cht kh.
C. iu kin thng n cht ca X km hot ng ha hc hn n cht ca Y.
D. Hai n cht ca X v Y u tc dng vi kh H2 iu kin thch hp.
Cu 9: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu catot
v mt lng kh X anot. Ton b lng kh X trn c hp th ht vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH (
nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng
thay i). Nng ban u ca dung dch NaOH l:
A. 0,15M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,1M
D. 0,05M.
Cu 10: Ha tan mt hn hp bt kim loi c cha 5,6 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo 350 ml dung dch
AgNO3 2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn thu c bng
A. 21,6 gam.
B. 43,2 gam.
C. 54,0 gam.
D. 64,8 gam.
Cu 11: Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,002 FeS2 v 0,003 mol FeS vo lng d H2SO4 c, nng
thu c Fe2(SO4)3, SO2 v H2O. Hp th ht SO2 bng mt lng va dung dch KMnO4 c V
lt dung dch Z khng mu trong sut c pH = 2. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,14.
B. 0,14.
C. 11,4.
D. 2,28.
Cu 12: Ha tan mt ming nhm trong dung dch cha 0,05 mol NaOH thy c 0,672 lt H 2(ktc)
thot ra v thu c dung dch A.Cho 0,065 mol HCl vo dung dch A th kt ta thu c l
A.2,34 gam.
B. 1,17 gam.
C. 1,56 gam.
D. 0,78 gam.
Cu 13: t chy hon ton 4,02 gam hn hp axit acrylic, vinyl axetat v metyl metacrylat ri cho
ton b sn phm chy vo bnh 1 ng dung dch H 2SO4 c,bnh 2 ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy
khi lng bnh 1 tng m gam, bnh 2 xut hin 35,46 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,34
B. 2,7
C. 3,24
D. 3,6
Cu 14: Thc hin s sau
+E
X
t0
+ NaOH Y
Z
+F
+ NaOH
T
Nu X l CaCO3 th E v F ln lt l:
A. Ca(OH)2 v NaCl.
B. CaCl2 v Ca(NO3)2.
C. Ca(OH)2 v CaSO4.
D. NaHCO3 v Na2CO3.
Cu 15: Na, K, Ca c sn xut trong cng nghip bng cch
A. Dng phng php nhit luyn.
B. in phn hp cht nng chy.
C. Dng phng php thu luyn.
D. in phn dung dich mui.
Cu 16: t chy m gam ng (II) sunfua trong kh oxi d thu c cht rn X c khi lng bng (m
4,8) gam. Nung X trong kh NH3 d ti khi lng khng i c cht rn Y. Ho tan Y trong
dung dch HNO3 long d, thu c V lt kh Z (ktc) khng mu, nng hn oxi. Gi tr ca m (gam)
v V (lt) l:
A. 19,2 gam v 1,12 lt.
B. 28,8 gam v 1,68 lt.
C. 24,0 gam v 1,68 lt.
D. 28,8 gam v 1,12 lt.
Trang 106/305
Cu 17: Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp X gm CuO, Fe2O3, MgO cn dng va 225 ml dung
dch HCl 2M. Mt khc, nu t nng 12 gam X trong kh CO d phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu
c 10 gam cht rn Y. Phn trm khi lng Fe2O3 trong hn hp X bng
A. 66,67 %.
B. 40,00 %.
C. 33,33 %.
D. 50,00 %.
Cu 18: Ho tan cng mt lng oxit ca kim loi M (c ho tr khng i) trong dung dch HCl v
dung dch HNO3. C cn hai dung dch thu c hai mui khan, thy khi lng mui nitrat nhiu hn
khi lng mui clorua mt lng bng 99,38 % khi lng oxit em ho tan. Cng thc oxit l
A. MgO.
B. Al2O3.
C. CuO.
D. Fe2O3.
Cu 19: Kt lun no sau y khng ng:
A. Hn hp Na2O + Al2O3 c th tan ht trong nc.
B. Hn hp Fe2O3 + Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
C. Hn hp KNO3+ Cu c th tan ht trong dung dch NaHSO4.
D. Hn hp FeS + CuS c th tan ht trong dung dch HCl.
Cu 20: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C2H8O3N2. Cho 0,15mol X phn ng ht vi dung
dch cha 0,2mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam cht rn ch gm cc cht v
c. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 14,75
B. 12,75
C. 20,00
D. 14,30
Cu 21:S hirocacbon th kh (ktc) tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 l:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 3
D. 5
Cu 22:C nm l c nh s, mi l c cha mt dung dch trong s cc dung dch l Na2SO4,
(CH3COO)2Ca, Al2(SO4)3, NaOH v BaCl2. Rt dung dch t l 2 vo l 1, c kt ta keo, tip tc rt
thm kt ta b tan; Rt dung dch t l 4 vo l 3, c kt ta trng; Rt dung dch t l 4 vo l 5,
ban u cha c kt ta, rt thm th c lng nh kt ta.
Kt lun no di y l sai:
A. L 1 l Al2(SO4)3.
B. L 2 l NaOH.
C. L 3 l (CH3COO)2Ca.
D. L 4 l Na2SO4.
Cu 23: t chy 1,12 lt (ktc) hn hp hai hirocacbon X,Y ng ng lin tip (MX< MY), ta thu
c 2,88 gam nc v 4,84 gam CO2. Thnh phn % theo th tch ca hai hirocacbon X,Y trong hn
hp l
A. 50; 50.
B. 20; 80.
C. 40; 60.
D. 80; 20.
Cu 24: Mt hn hp gm axit no n chc X v ancol no n chc Y c khi lng phn t bng
nhau. Chia hn hp ra hai phn bng nhau: Phn 1 tc dng vi Na d thu c 0,56 lt H2. t chy
hon ton phn 2 sinh ra 2,688 lt kh CO2. Cng thc phn t v phn trm khi lng X, Y trong hn
hp l (cc th tch kh o ktc)
A. HCOOH 60%; C2H5OH 40%.
B. CH3COOH 60%; C3H7OH 40%.
C. HCOOH 40%; C2H5OH 60%.
D. CH3COOH 40%; C3H7OH 60%.
+
Cu 25:Trong 1 cc nc cha 0,01 mol Na ; 0,02 mol Ca2+ ; 0,04 mol Mg2+ ; 0,09 mol HCO3- cn li l
Cl- v SO42-. Trong s cc cht sau: Na2CO3, BaCO3, NaOH, K3PO4, Ca(OH)2, HCl, s cht c th lm
mm nc trong cc l:
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
Cu 26: X l mt anehit mch h, mt th tch hi ca X kt hp c vi ti a 3 th tch H2, sinh
ra ancol Y. Y tc dng vi Na d c th tch H2 ng bng th tch hi ca X ban u (cc th tch
kh v hi o cng iu kin). X c cng thc tng qut l
A. CnH2n 1CHO.
B. CnH2n (CHO)2.
C. CnH2n + 1CHO.
D. CnH2n 2 (CHO)2.
Cu 27:Trong s cc cht c cng thc sau: HO-CH2-CH2-OH, C6H5-CH=CH2, C6H5CH3, CH2=CHCH=CH2, CH2=CHCH3, H2N-CH2-COOH v C2H6. S cht c kh nng trng hp to polime l:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Trang 107/305
Cu 28: X cha (C, H, O) v CTPT trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Trong X c 46,15%C; 4,615%H,
cn li l oxi. Bit X tc dng vi H2 c xc tc Ni theo t l 1 : 1; phn ng vi NaOH nng cho ra mt
mui v hai cht hu c trong c mt cht cho phn ng trng gng. Vy X c CTCT l:
A. C2H5-OOC-COO-CH=CH2.
B. HOOC-COO-CH=CH-CH3.
C. CH3-OOC-COO-CH=CH2.
D. CH3-OOC-COO-CH=CH-CH3.
Cu 29: Hp cht X c cng thc phn t l C5H8O2. Cho 10 gam X tc dng hon ton, va vi dung
dch NaOH thu c dung dch Y. Ly ton b dung dch Y tc dng hon ton vi dung dch AgNO3
trong NH3 un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. S ng phn cu to ca X tha mn cc iu kin trn l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 30: M t hin tng th nghim no sau y khng ng:
A. un nng dung dch lng trng trng, xut hin kt ta trng.
B. Nh vi git dung dch HNO3 vo dung dch lng trng trng thy xut hin kt ta mu
vng.
C. t chy mt mu lng trng trng xut hin mi kht nh mi tc chy.
D. Nh vi git dung dch NaOH v dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch lng trng trng, trn u
thy xut hin mu vng.
Cu 31: Cho 8,325 gam hn hp glyxin v axit glutamic tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M (d)
thu c dung dch Y. Dung dch Y tc dng va vi 25 gam dung dch NaOH 34%. Phn trm s
mol axit glutamic v glyxin ln lt l:
A. 45% v 55%.
B. 50% v 50%.
C. 40% v 60%.
D. 30% v 70%.
Cu 32: ipeptit X, hexapeptit Y u mch h v cng c to ra t mt amino axit no, mch h
trong phn t c mt nhm -NH2 v mt nhm -COOH. Cho 13,2 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch
HCl d, lm kh cn thn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,3 gam cht rn. Vy khi t chy hon
ton 0,1 mol Y th cn t nht bao nhiu mol O2 nu sn phm chy thu c gm CO2, H2O, N2:
A. 2,25 mol.
B. 1,35 mol.
C. 0,975 mol.
D. 1,25 mol.
Cu 33:Ln men m gam glucoz vi hiu sut 70% ri hp th ton b kh thot ra vo 4 lt dung dch
NaOH 0,5M (D = 1,05g/ml) thu c dung dch cha 2 mui c tng nng l 3,211%. Gi tr ca m
l:
A. 384,7
B. 135,0
C. 270,0
D. 192,9
Cu 34: Polime no di y thc t khng s dng sn xut cht do:
A. Poli(vinyl clorua).
B. Poliacrilonitrin.
C. Polimetylmetacrylat.
D. Poliphenol-fomanehit.
Cu 35:Hn hp X gm 3 axit n chc mch h trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tip v mt
axit khng no c mt lin kt i. Cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaOH. trung
ha lng NaOH d cn 200ml dung dch HCl 1M v thu c dung dch D. C cn cn thn D thu
c 52,58 gam cht rn khan E. t chy hon ton E ri hp th ton b sn phm kh v hi vo
bnh ng dung dch NaOH d thy khi lng bnh tng 44,14 gam. Thnh phn % khi lng axit
khng no l:
A. 44,89
B. 44,20
C. 40,57
D. 36,28
Cu 36: Mt mui X c CTPT C3H10O3N2. Ly 19,52 gam X cho phn ng vi 200 ml dung dch KOH
1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c cht rn v phn hi. Trong phn hi c cht hu c Y
n chc bc I v phn rn ch l hn hp cc cht v c c khi lng m gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 18,4 gam
B. 13,28 gam
C. 21,8 gam
D. 19,8 gam
Cu 37: iu khng nh no sau y khng ng:
A. un nng ancol metylic vi axit H2SO4 c 170oC khng thu c anken.
B. Anilin khng lm nc qu tm ho xanh.
Trang 108/305
Cu 41: Dung dch Y cha ba ion: Na+ , K+ , SO 4 . thu dc dung dch Y khng th ha tan ng
thi hai cht no sau y vo nc:
A. NaOH v KHSO4 theo t l mol 1 : 1.
B. Na2SO4 v KHSO4.
C. KOH v NaHSO4 theo t l mol 1 : 1.
D. Na2SO4 v K2SO4.
Cu 42: Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy
hon ton hn hp Z thu c khi lng H2O t hn khi lng CO2 l 5,46 gam. Nu ly 1/2 lng
hn hp Z trn cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va th sau phn ng thu c 3,9 gam hn
hp mui khan. Cng thc hai axit trong Z l
A. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
B. C2H3COOH v C3H5COOH.
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.
D. HCOOH v CH3COOH.
Cu 43: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) Axit cacboxylic l nhng hp cht c cng thc CnH2n + 1COOH.
(2) Axit cacboxylic l nhng hp cht m trong phn t c cha nhm cacboxyl (COOH).
(3) Tnh axit ca axit cacboxylic yu hn tnh axit ca cc phenol.
(4) Tnh axit ca axit RCOOH (R l ankyl) gim dn khi R tng.
(5) Trong dung dch cc axit cacboxylic phn li hon ton.
Nhng pht biu ng l:
A. (1), (2) v (3).
B. (1), (2) v (4).
C. (2) v (4).
D. (2), (3) v (5).
Cu 44: Hn hp X gm a mol Fe,b mol FeCO3 v c mol FeS2. Cho X vo bnh dung tch khng i
cha khng kh (d), nung n cc phn ng xy ra hon ton sau a v nhit u thy p sut
trong bnh bng p sut trc khi nung. uan h ca a, b, c l:
A. a = b + c
B. 4a + 4c = 3b
C. b = c + a
D. a + c = 2b
Cu 45: Cho 5,7 gam hn hp bt P gm Mg, Al, Zn, Cu tc dng hon ton vi oxi d thu c hn
hp rn c khi lng l 8,1 gam. Th tch ti thiu dung dch HCl 1M cn dng ho tan hon
ton Q l:
A. 180 ml.
B. 270 ml.
C. 300 ml.
D. 360 ml.
Trang 109/305
Cu 46:Cho a mol Al tan hon ton trong dung dch cha b mol HCl thu c dung dch X. Thm
dung dch cha d mol NaOH vo X thu c c mol kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca d c tnh theo biu
thc:
A. d = a + b + c
B. d = a + b c
C. d = a + 3b + c
D. d = a + 3b - c
Cu 47: Chn nhn xt sai:
A. penixilin, amphetamin, ancol etylic, nicotin, sedusen, erythromyxin, moocphin, cafein l
nhng cht gy nghin, cht ma ty.
B. CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, H2S, CFC u l cc cht gy nhim khng kh.
C. Cc cht hu c gy nhim t l 2,4-D; 2,4,5-T; DDT; hexacloran.
D. Ch v hp cht ca ch rt c vi ngi v ng vt.
Cu 48: Cho mt lng ancol E i vo bnh ng Na (d), sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy
khi lng bnh tng thm 6,3 gam v c 1,568 lt kh H2 (ktc) thot ra. Cng thc ancol E l:
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H7OH.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C2H5OH.
Cu 49: S ng phn mch h c cng thc phn t C4H9NO2 (cht X) khi phn ng vi dung dch
NaOH iu kin thng to ra amoniac l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 3.
D. 5.
Cu 50: Cho cc chuyn ha sau:
xt ,t
Y
X + H2O
o
Ni ,t
Sobitol
Y + H2
Y + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O amoni gluconat + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3
o
xt
E+Z
Y
as,clorophin
Z + H2O X + G
X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. Xenluloz, fructoz v kh cacbonic.
C. Tinh bt, glucoz v ancol etylic.
Trang 110/305
Trang 111/305
Cu 14: Thm 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo cc ng 100 ml dung dch AlCl 3 xM, khuy u thu
c 0,1 mol kt ta. Nu thm tip 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo cc, khuy u th thu c 0,14
mol kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,2.
B. 1,6.
C. 0,8.
D. 2,0.
Cu 15:S amin c cng thc phn t C4H11N khng to bt kh vi axit nitr nhit thng l:
A. 3
B. 8
C. 6
D. 4
Cu 16: Mt hp cht hu c X c thnh phn khi lng ca C, H, Cl ln lt l 14,28%, 1,19% v
84,53%. S ng phn cu to ca X l:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 17: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol hn hp hai ankan thu c 9,45 gam H2O. Cho sn phm chy
vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:
A. 37,5 gam.
B. 15 gam.
C. 52,5 gam.
D. 42,5 gam.
Cu 18: t chy hon ton hn hp Y gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng
thu c 11,2 lt CO2 (ktc) v 12,6 gam nc. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca mi ancol
trong hn hp l:
A. 44,7% v 55,3%. B. 44,3% v 55,7%. C. 25% v 75%.
D. 43,4% v 56,6%.
Cu 19: S lng amino axit ng vi cng thc C4H9O2N l:
Trang 112/305
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 4.
D. 2.
Cu 20: Hn hp X gm hai ancol CnH2n+1OH v CmH2m+1OH. un nng X vi dung dch H2SO4
170oC th thu c hn hp hai anken l cht kh iu kin thng, cn 140 oC th thu c hn
hp ete, trong c mt ete c khi lng phn t bng khi lng phn t ca mt trong hai ancol.
Mi quan h gia m v n (m > n) l:
A. m = n +1.
B. m = 2n.
C. n = 2m.
D. m = n + 2
Cu 21:Dy no sau y gm cc kim loi thng c sn xut bng phng php thy luyn:
A. Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn
B. Pb, Fe, Ag, Cu
C. Cu, Ag, Hg, Au
D. Al, Fe, Pb, Hg
Cu 22: Trong th nghim nh hnh v hai ng nghim nh nhau u cha lng kh NO2 nh nhau v
c nt kn ch ni hai nhnh, mt ng c un nng, ng kia c cho vo chu nc . Kt
lun no di y ng:
A. ng nghim bn tri c mu nht hn ng nghim bn phi.
B. ng nghim bn tri c p sut ln hn
C. ng nghim bn phi ch cha kh N2O4
D. ng nghim bn tri cha lng kh nng hn ng nghim bn phi.
Chu nc
Cu 23: Cho cc cht sau: anilin, phenol, amoniac, metylamin, natri hiroxit, amoni clorua, axit 2,3imetylpropanoic, glyxin, natri axetat. S cht m dung dch ca chng lm i mu qu tm thnh
xanh l:
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Cu 24: Trong cc phn ng ho hc di y, phn ng no chuyn dch theo chiu t tri sang phi
(chiu thun) khi tng p sut ca h:
A. 2 SO2(k)+ O2(k)2SO3(k).
C. H2(k)+ I2(k)2HI(k).
D. CaCO3(r)CaO(r)+ CO2(k).
Cu 25: Cho cc cht sau: metanol, anilin, etyl benzoat, phenol, axit butiric, natri phenolat,
phenylamoni clorua, etylen glicol, anllyl bromua, o-metylphenol. C bao nhiu cht tc dng c vi
dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng hoc un nng):
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 7.
D. 3.
Cu 26: C su cc dung dch ring bit, trong khng kh cha: H2SO4, AgNO3, FeCl3, ZnCl2, HCl
c ln AlCl3, H2SO4 c ln CuSO4. Nhng vo mi dung dch mt thanh kim loi thic nguyn cht.
S cc xy ra s n mn in ho l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
2+
Cu 27: Anion X v cation Y u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc
nguyn t X v Y trong bng tun hon ln lt l:
A. Chu k 4, nhm VIIA v chu k 3 nhm VIA.
B. Chu k 3, nhm VIA v chu k 4 nhm IIIA.
C. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA v chu k 4 nhm IIA.
D. Chu k 3, nhm VIIA v chu k 3 nhm IIA.
Cu 28: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic hai chc X v mt este Y l
ng phn ca X cn 7,84 lt oxi thu c 17,6g CO2 v m gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l
A. 5,4.
B. 2,7.
C. 1,8.
D. 3,6.
Trang 113/305
Cu 29: t chy hon ton m gam mt ancol thu c 0,03 mol CO2 v 0,04 mol H2O. em ancol
thc hin phn ng tch nc hon ton 170oC c xc tc H2SO4 c thu c mt anken lm
mt mu va ht V ml dung dch Br2 0,2M. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 100ml.
B. 50ml.
C. 80ml.
D. 150ml.
Cu 30: Cht no di y c ng phn hnh hc:
A. 2-metylpent-2-en.
B. anehit butiric.
C. vinyl metacrylat.
D. 1,3-iclobuta-1,3-ien.
Cu 31: Cho t t n ht 300 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch Na2CO3 2M, thu c V
lt kh (ktc) v dung dch A.Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch A, c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V v
m ln lt l:
A. 3,36 v 9,85.
B. 4,48 v 0,0.
C. 3,36 v 19,7.
D. 2,24 v 19,7.
Cu 32: SO2 v SO3 cng phn ng c vi dung dch
A. BaCl2.
B. Brom.
C. Na2CO3.
D. NaCl.
Cu 33: Dy gm cc cht v ion u c tnh lng tnh l
A. ZnO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, Pb(OH)2.
B. Mg(OH)2, Cr(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, Sn(OH)2.
C. HCO3 , HSO4 , HS , Al(OH)3.
D. HCO3-, H2O, Cu(OH)2, Cr2O3.
Cu 34:Trong thin nhin,hiro c 3 ng v vi s khi ln lt l 1, 2, 3 v oxi c 3 ng v c s
khi ln lt l 16, 17, 18. S loi phn t H2O ti a c th hnh thnh t cc ng v trn l:
A. 12
B. 27
C. 18
D. 24
Cu 35: t chy hon ton hn hp hai este no, n chc cn 3,976 lt oxi ktc, thu c 6,38 gam
kh CO2. Cho lng este ny tc dng va vi NaOH, thu c hn hp hai ancol k tip v 3,28
gam mui ca mt axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai este l
A. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5.
B. HCOOC2H5 v HCOOC3H7.
C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7.
D. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC3H7.
Cu 36: Thu phn x gam tinh bt trong mi trng axit, sau mt thi gian ly hn hp phn ng em
lm ngui ri nh vo hai git dung dch iot khng thy xut hin mu xanh. em trung ho axit ri
cho dung dch thu c phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca x
l
A. 84,6.
B. 64,8.
C. 48,6.
D. 97,2.
Cu 37: Dy cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh axit (t tri sang phi) l:
A. HCl, H2S, NH3.
B. HI, HBr, HCl, HF.
C. H3PO4, H2SiO3, H2SO4.
D. HClO2, HClO3, HClO4.
Cu 38: Mt bnh kn ch cha cc cht: axetilen (0,3mol), propin (0,4mol) v hidro (0,5mol) v mt t bt
Niken. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian, thu c hn hp kh X c t khi so vi H2 l 15,5. Kh X phn ng va
vi 0,6mol AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c m gam kt ta v 8,96 lit hn hp kh Y (ktc). Kh Y
phn ng ti a vi 0,2mol Br2 trong dung dch. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 78,4
B. 78,6
C. 77,2
D. 77,4
A. 13: 30.
B. 13: 32.
C. 13: 26.
D. 7: 18.
Cu 41: Cht X c cng thc C6H10O4. Cho 1 mol X phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c cht Y v
hn hp ancol Z. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c thu c metyl etyl ete. Cht Y phn ng vi dung dch
H2SO4 long d thu c cht T. Cht T phn ng vi dung dch HBr, thu c 2 sn phm l ng phn cu
to ca nhau. Pht biu no sau y ng:
A. Cht X l este 2 chc ca ancol 2 chc
B. Cht Y lm mt mu dung dch Br2
C. Cht T l axit n chc
D. Cht Y c cng thc phn t C3H2O4Na2
Cu 44: Cho m gam P2O5 tc dng vi 500ml dung dch NaOH 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 169m/71 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 22,72
B. 21,300
C. 35,50
D. 28,40
Cu 45: phn bit bn dung dch glucoz, anehit fomic, etanol, etylen glicol, c th dng:
A. dung dch Br2.
B. Dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
C. Cu(OH)2/NaOH.
D. CuO.
Cu 46: Kh CO2 sinh ra khi ln men ancol mt lng glucoz c dn vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d
thu c 40 gam kt ta. Th tch ancol etylic thu c l (khi lng ring ca ancol etylic =
0,8g/ml):
A. 23 ml.
B. 14,71 ml.
C. 46 ml.
D. 18,4 ml.
Cu 47: Hn hp A gm X, Y (MX < MY) l 2 este n chc c chung gc axit. un nng m gam A vi
400 ml dung dch KOH 1M d thu c dung dch B v (m 12,6) gam hn hp hi gm 2 anehit no,
n chc ng ng k tip c t khi hi so vi H2 l 26,2. C cn dung dch B thu c (m + 6,68)
gam cht rn khan. % khi lng ca X trong A l:
A. 54,66%
B. 45,55%
C. 36,44%
D. 30,37%
Cu 48: Cho cc hn hp cht rn vi s mol bng nhau: Al v Na (1); NaOH v Ba(HCO3)2 (2);
Na2O v Al2O3 (3); Na2CO3 v Ba(OH)2 (4); KHSO4 v NaOH (5). S lng cc hn hp khi ho tan
trong nc d ch to dung dch l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 2.
D. 1.
Cu 49:Oxi ha hon ton 3,1 gam P trong kh O2 d. Cho ton b sn phm vo 200ml dung dch
NaOH 1M n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong X l:
A. 12,0 gam
B. 14,2 gam
C. 11,1 gam
D. 16,4 gam
Cu 50: Hn hp X gm cc cht Y (C3H10N2O4) v cht Z (C4H8N2O3); trong Y l mui ca axit
a chc, Z l ipeptit mch h. Cho 28,08 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu
c 0,12mol hn hp kh u lm xanh qu tm m. Mt khc 28,08 gam X tc dng vi dung dch
HCl d thu c m gam cht hu c. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 37,65
B. 39,15
C. 39,69
D. 36,54
Trang 115/305
2A
3A
4B
S 1
5B
6B
11C
12C
13A
14C
15B
16D
17B
18D
19B
20D
21A
22A
23B
24B
25D
26C
27C
28C
29D
30B
31C
32D
33A
34A
35C
36C
37A
38C
39C
40C
41B
42D
43D
44C
45D
46D
47A
48A
49C
50A
7A
8D
9D
10B
Trang 117/305
KNO3 KNO2
0,1
1
O2 1
2
0, 05
1
O2 2
2
1
O2 H 2O 2 HNO3 3
2
Ta thy t l phn ng ca kh phng trnh (3) ng bng t l kh sinh ra phng trnh (2) nn ta
coi nh ton b kh ca phng trnh 2 sinh ra b hp th ht, cn li 1,12 lt kh sinh ra l O2 ca
2 NO2
phng trnh (1) mKNO3 10,1 gam mCu NO3 18,8 gam %mCu NO3 65,05%.
2
Li bnh: y l bi ton nhit phn thuc chng Nit, Photpho. Cc em cn lu phng trnh
nhit phn.
Cu 8: p n D
Cu ny cc em hc sinh ch cn nh dy in ha thuc chng i cng kim loi - lp 12. y l
mt cu hi d ly im trong thi.
Cu 9: p n D
y l cu hi c bn thuc chng Cacbohirat.
Ch c isaccarit v polisaccarit thy phn cn monosaccarit th khng.
Cu 10: p n B
Phn ng ln lt xy ra nh sau:
H CO32 HCO3
0,1
0,1
0,1
H HCO3 CO2 H 2O
0, 2
0, 2
0, 2
VCO2 4, 48 lit.
Li bnh: Cu ny hc sinh ch phn ng xy ra theo tng nc nu khng s dn n s sai lm.
Cu ny thuc phn cacbon lp 11. y l dng ton c bn.
Cu 11: p n C
p dng bo ton e: 3nAl 2nH2 0,045.2 nAl = 0,03.
mAl = 0,81 gam mAl2O3 2,04 gam %mAl2O3 71,58%.
Li bnh: y l dng bi tp v phn Nhm v rt c bn. Cc em hc sinh ch p dng nh lut
bo ton electron l gii c.
Cu 12: p n C
p dng bo ton e: nFeSO4 5nKMnO4 0,05mol mFeSO4 7,6 gam mFe2 SO 4 2, 4 gam
3
%mFe2 SO 4 24%.
3
Ta c: nCO (p) = nO (trong oxit) = 0,25 mFe = mhh oxit mO = 20,8 0,25.16 = 16,8 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc chng Cacbon Silic. y l 1 cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 14: p n C
Cu hi ny lin quan n kin thc chng Nguyn t v Lin kt ha hc Lp 10.
Da vo cu hnh e thy X l kim loi in hnh (nhm IA), Y l phi kim in hnh (nhm VIIA)
lin kt gia X v Y l lin kt ion.
Li bnh: y l 1 cu hi d cho im ca thi. Cc em hc sinh ch cn mt cht phn
nguyn t v lin kt ha hc ca chng trnh lp 10.
Cu 15: p n B
Ta xt cc trng hp sau:
- Nu hn hp khng c HCHO nRCHO
nAg
Theo bo ton khi lng ta suy ra khi lng dung dch Br2 tng l:
72.86.100
32.86.100
144 gam ; mancol
64 gam
86.50
86.50
2,58
= 51, 6 .
0, 05
Ta c:
6n
0, 2 n 2 Este l C2H4O2.
14n 32
Li
Na
Rb
Cs
0,157
0,203
0,216
0,235
Li bnh: y l dng cu hi l thuyt d lin quan n quy lut bin i tnh cht trong mt nhm A
chng bng tun hon lp 10.
Cu 32: p n D
Gly-Ala l i peptit khng c phn ng mu biure nn dng Cu(OH)2 nhn ra Gly-Ala-Val (sn
phm c mu tm).
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n tnh cht ha hc ca peptit thuc chng trnh lp 12. Hc
sinh cn ch t tripeptit tr ln s c phn ng mu biure.
Cu 33: p n A
Phn ng thun l ta nhit, vy khi nhng vo nc (gim nhit ) th phn ng xy ra theo chiu
thun (theo nguyn l Losatolier) to N2O4 khng mu mu nu nht dn.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc phn chuyn dch cn bng ha hc Lp 10. Hc sinh cn nm c
Trang 121/305
x y 0, 2
x 0,1
x 2y 0,3 y 0,1
Ca 2 CO32 CaCO3
0,1
0,1
0,1
nAl OH
3
4nNaAlO2
3
nHCl 0,8
4b 2,8 0,8
2 0,8
b = 1,4 a : b = 4 : 7.
3
3
3
Li bnh: y l cu hi v th t phn ng trong dung dch, tng t 1 cu trong thi tuyn sinh
i hc khi A 2014. Hc sinh cn lu kt ta c to ra khi no.
Cu 37: p n A
Hg c v d bay hi. S d dng kt hp vi Hg ngay nhit thng to mui rn HgS khng c.
Li bnh: y l 1 cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 38: p n C
- Dng Cu(OH)2 nhit thng chia cc cht cn nhn bit thnh 3 nhm:
+ Nhm to phc mu xanh lam m: glucoz, saccaroz (nhm I).
+ Nhm khng phn ng (khng ha tan Cu(OH)2): anehit axetic.
+ Nhm c phn ng to dung dch mu xanh: axit axetic.
- Dng Cu(OH)2 un nng nhn vi 2 cht trong nhm I nhn ra glucoz do to kt ta gch Cu2O.
Li bnh: y l cu hi d nhng i hi hc sinh phi nm c cc phn ng c trng ca cc
cht hu c.
Trang 122/305
Cu 39: p n C
Cc amin mun to kt ta vi dung dch Br2 phi c N gn trc tip vi vng benzen v t nht 1
trong cc v tr o- hoc p- so vi nhm chc amin khng c nhnh.
Cc cu to tha mn: C6H5NHCH3; C6H4(NH2)CH3 (3 ng phn o-; p-; m-).
Cu 40: p n C
y l cu hi l thuyt d phn nit v hp cht ca nit Lp 11.
Cc N2 c to ra N2:
NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O
2NH3 + 3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl
2NH3 + 3CuO 3Cu + 3H2O + N2
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cc d, cc em cn nh cc phng trnh to kh N2.
Cu 41: p n B
Hc sinh ch cn nm c cch ph v lin kt trong phn ng thy phn khng hon ton.
- Loi A, D v khng to c Glu Gly.
- Loi C v khng to c Ala Gly.
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn v phn ng thy phn khng hon ton peptit, rt c li cho hc
sinh v y l phn kin thc va hc xong chng trnh lp 12.
Cu 42: p n D
Phn t HCl c to thnh t 1 nguyn t H v 1 nguyn t Cl. V H c 3 loi ng v nn c 3
hng la chn; Cl c 2 loi ng v nn c 2 hng la chn s phn t HCl l 2.3 = 6.
Li bnh: Vi cu hi ny cc em hc sinh cn nh c kin thc u nm lp 10, phn ng v chng nguyn t. y l 1 cu hi d ly im ca thi.
Cu 43: p n D
V nng ca cht kh t l thun vi p sut chung ca h nn khi tng p sut chung ca h ln 2
ln th nng ca H2 v N2 u tng gp i. Tc phn ng tng = 23.2 = 16 ln.
Cu 44: p n C
Cu hi ny cc em hc sinh cn nh tn ca cc loi qung.
Cu 45: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc chng Hidrocacbon khng no Lp 11.
Hc sinh ch cn nm c quy tc chn mch chnh v nh s th t khi gi tn anken.
Cu 46: p n D
im khc bit c bn gia Al v Cr l Al ch c ha tr III cn Cr ty thuc cht oxi ha tham gi phn
ng c th to thnh Cr(II) hoc Cr(III).
Cu 47: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n nhit si ca cc cht hu c thuc chng trnh ha hc
11.
lm c cu hi ny hc sinh cn nh:
- Nu cc cht c cng khi lng mol th nhit si gim theo th t: axit cacboxylic > ancol > ete.
Trang 123/305
Cx H y O x
0,5 O2 xCO2
H 2O
4
2
0,1
0,1 x
0,5 0,1x 0, 05 y
4
- V O2 d 0,1 x
0,5 0,5 x 3,5
4
ch c x = 3 ph hp m = 6,0 gam.
Li bnh: Khi gii bi ton t chy ancol cc em hc sinh cn ch :
Khi t chy ancol : n H2O > n CO2
n ancol chy = nH2O nCO2
Cu 50: p n A
- SO2 c iu ch t phn ng ca dung dch axit HCl vi mui sunfit rn.
- SO2 c phn ng vi dung dch kim. Thng s dng dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n phn iu ch v th tnh cht oxit axit ca SO2 chng
trnh lp 10 c s dng hnh v tng t trong thi khi A, B 2014.
Trang 124/305
S 2
1B
2C
3C
4C
5D
6A
7C
8C
9B
10C
11A
12B
13C
14A
15B
16C
17D
18C
19D
20D
21B
22A
23B
24A
25B
26A
27D
28C
29A
30A
31D
32A
33A
34A
35D
36B
37B
38D
39D
40C
41A
42D
43D
44D
45D
46D
47C
48C
49C
50D
Trang 125/305
gam.
Li bnh: Kin thc ca cu hi ny thuc chng Amin, Amino axit, tng t cu trong thi khi B
nm 2014.
Cu 4. p n C
y l cu hi c lin quan n kin thc tng hp v cht hu c.
- Mui thu c c phn ng trng bc phi c mui ca axit fomic HCOONa loi D.
- Ancol Z thu c c phn ng ha tan Cu(OH)2 Z c cha t nht 2 nhm OH lin k loi A.
- Nhn thy: nZ = neste = 0,1 MZ = 62 Z l CH2OH CH2OH chn C.
Cu 5. p n D
- Gi s hn hp 2 andehit n chc khng cha HCHO:
RCHO 2Ag
1
52, 4
52, 4 R = 23,4
nRCHO nAg 0,5 M RCHO
2
2.0,5
2 anehit lin tip l CH3CHO (x mol) v C2H5CHO (y mol)
52, 4
26, 2 2 x = 0,2; y = 0,3.
x y 0,5 1 v 44 x 58 y
2
- Y gm 2 ancol C2H5OH (0,2mol) v C3H7OH (0,3mol). Theo bi c 0,12mol C2H5OH v a mol
18
. 0,12 a 12, 09 a = 0,15 H = 50%.
C3H7OH to ete mete 0,12.46 60a
2
Li bnh: y l dng cu hi lin quan n anehit v ancol, tng t 1 cu trong thi i hc
khi B nm 2014.
Cu 6. p n A
- nhh = 0,3 + 0,5 + 0,8 = 1,6 mol; mhh 0,3.26 0,5.52 0,8.2 35, 4 mX
nX
35, 4
1mol nH 2
17, 7.2
phn ng
= nhh - nX = 0,6mol.
- Cng thc cc cht: axit acrylic C3H4O2; axit adipic C6H10O4; axit propanoic C3H6O2; glixerol
C3H8O3. V s mol axit propanoic v axit acrylic bng nhau nn thay 2 cht ny bng cht mi c cng
thc C3H5O2.
- Gi s mol cc cht: C6H10O4; C3H5O2 v C3H8O3 c trong 23,8 gam hn hp ln lt l x, y v z
146x + 73y + 92z = 13,36 = 73(2x + y) + 92z = 23,8 (1).
- t chy hn hp X nCO2 6 x 3 y 3z . Hp th CO2 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 theo bi ta c
cc phn ng:
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O
2CO2 + Ba(OH)2 Ba(HCO3)2 (v c kt ta v un dung dch li thu c kt ta na)
= 79,92
Cu 12. p n B
- Phn ng bi cho c dng thu gn:
Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
(kh) (oxi ha) (oxi ha) (kh)
Trang 127/305
4 3 4
r = 3,14(0,138.107 )3
3
3
d = 7,11 g/cm3
Li bnh: Cu hi ny thuc chng Nguyn t, tng t cu trong thi tuy sinh i hc khi A
2011. Hc sinh phi nm c cc nguyn t thng c dng hnh cu nn thc t chng khng
xp c kht m gia cc nguyn t c khe trng ng thi bit c s nguyn t c trong 1 mol
nguyn t (s Avogadro).
Cu 15. p n B
Xenluloz axetat c ngun gc t xenluloz thuc loi t bn tng hp (nhn to).
Li bnh: y l cu hi d ly im phn Polime.
Cc em hc sinh cn lu v cc loi t:
Loi t
Ngun gc
V d
T thin nhin
Bng, len, t tm
T tng hp
T bn tng
hp hay nhn
to
T ha
hc
T visco, t xenlulozo
axetat
Cu 16. p n C
Ta c: nNaHCO3 nCOOH nCO2 0,5 nO (X) = 0,5.2 = 1mol mO (X) = 16 gam.
nH2O 0,8mol mH (X) = 1,6 gam mC (X) = 29,6 16 1,6 = 12 gam
Trang 128/305
Li bnh: y l dng bi ton t chy axit cacboxylic. Cc em hc sinh cn lu cch tnh s mol
H, C da vo s mol H2O bit trc.
Cu 17: p n D
- A sai v cu hnh khng 26e.
- B v C sai v khng sp xp li cc phn lp theo ng th t ca lp.
Li bnh: y l cu hi cho im ca thi. Hc sinh cn nm chc cch vit cu hnh electron
chng Nguyn t.
Cu 18. p n C
Hc sinh ch cn lu trong mi nhm chc xeton c 1 lin kt i C = O.
CTPT ca xeton l CnH2n +2 2kOx, vi k l bt bo ha ca phn t xeton. V xeton hai chc nn
x = 2, xeton khng no c mt lin kt CC, mch h nn k = 2 + 2 = 4 CTPT xeton l CnH2n -6O2
Li bnh: y l cu hi d c lin quan n lp cng thc tng qut ca cht hu c.
Cu 19. p n D.
Khng chn A, B, C v nit ch c ha tr cao nht l IV trong hp cht; iu kin thng phn t N2
c lin kt ba nn bn hn phn t photpho ch c lin kt n; NH3 bn hn PH3.
Chn D v H3PO4 cha P+5 bn nn khng c tnh oxi ha nh HNO3.
Cu 20. p n D
Ta c: nFe2O3 0,1 nFe NO3 0,3 m = 0,2.242 = 48,4 gam.
3
22, 4(b a)
ba
nH 2 V
16
16
Cu 23. p n B
Cc cht mun c ng phn hnh hc phi cha lin kt i v mi nguyn t C lin kt i
phi gn vi 2 nguyn t hoc nhm nguyn t khc nhau nn ch c CH3 CH = CH CH =
CH2;
CH3 CH = CH2; CH3 CH = CH COOH c ng phn hnh hc.
Cu 24. p n A
Ta c:
2Ag + 2NO2 + O2
2Au(NO3)3
2KNO3
4Fe(NO3)2
2Fe2O3 + 8NO2 + O2
4Al(NO3)3
2CuNO3)2
2CuO + 4NO2 + O2
Cht rn X tan mt phn trong dd HCl d trong X c kim loi yu (ng sau H 2), cht cn li l
oxit hoc mui nitrit.
Cu 28. p n C
Cc cht tc dng c vi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 gm: HNO3, Na2SO4, Ca(OH)2, KHSO4.
Cu 29. p n A
9,86
0,41 < nH2SO4 = 0,43 mol
24
Mg, Zn tan ht, d H2SO4 Thu c dung dch gm Mg2+; Zn2+; H+ d; SO42- 0,43 mol.
H+, Mg2+, Zn2+ ht cn nOH- = 2nSO4 = 0,86 mol < 0,96 mol OH- dng cn 0,1 mol OHha tan Zn(OH)2
- TH1: kt ta ch c BaSO4 v Mg(OH)2 cht rn gm BaSO4 0,06 mol v MgO mMgO = 26,08
0,06.233 = 12,1 gam nMgO = 0,3025 mMg = 7,26 gam.
- TH2: kt ta c BaSO4, Mg(OH)2, Zn(OH)2 d
cht rn gm BaSO4 0,06 mol, MgO x mol, ZnO y mol; dung dch c Na+, SO42- d, ZnO22- 0,05
mol.
24x
65
y
0,
05
9,86
k ( bt bo ha ca phn t) =
2n+2-(n+2n) 2-n
=
0
2
2
n2n=2
CTPT: C2 H2Cl4
Vy c hai ng phn cu to: CH2Cl - CCl3 v CHCl2 CHCl2 .
Li bnh: dng ton ny, hc sinh cn ch cc xc nh cng thc phn t hp cht hu c:
Cng thc phn t ca hp cht hu c: CxHyOz phi xc nh x, y, z.
B1: nh lng mC, mH, mO, mN.hoc %C, %H, %N, %O
-
B2: Tm M theo: n =
m
MA
hoc theo t khi d A =
B
M
MB
%C %H %O
:
:
12
1
16
mC m H mO
:
:
C2: Theo khi lng nguyn t: x : y : z =
12
1
16
C3: Theo s mol nguyn t: x : y : z = n C : n H : n O (vi nC = nCO2; nH = 2nH2O).
C1: Theo phn trm nguyn t: x : y : z =
T t l x, y, z c cng thc n gin nht. Nu bit khi lng mol M th c th xc nh CTPT bng cch
cho (CxHyOz)n = M, gii tm n CTPT.
Cu 31. p n D
Cc cht va c tnh kh, va c tnh oxi ha phi cha nguyn t va c kh nng tng s oxi ha;
va c kh nng gim s oxi ha. FeCl2, S, SO2, H2O2 cc cht ny u c th b kh v cht c s oxi
ha thp hn hoc b oxi ha v cht c s oxi ha cao hn
Cu 32. p n A
a b 0, 03
a 0, 02
82a 96b 2, 6
b 0, 01
n CO2 = n H2O = 0,02.2 + 0,01.3 - 0,015 = 0,055(mol)
m = 3,41 (gam).
Cu 33. p n A
Cc ng phn: CH3COOH 1 HCOOCH3 2 v HOCH2CHO 3
+ Tc dng vi Na: (1), (3)
+ Tc dng NaOH: (1), (2)
+ Tc dng NaHCO3: (1)
Nh vy c 5 phn ng.
Cu 34. p n A
n NaOH = 3n este este ba chc. T y kt hp p n th ta c este ca glixerol.
Trang 131/305
M X = 218, M muoi =
4,92
= 82 M axit = 60 CH3COOH
0,06
Cu 35. p n D
V tr 2 nhnh trn vng benzen c th c nu bng s hoc bng cc t o-; m- hoc p-.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny d, l cu cho im ca thi, c lin quan n tn gi ca hidrocacbon thm.
Cu 36. p n B
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn v ng phn ca cht bo Lp 12 tng t trong thi khi B
2007 nhng phc tp hn v c 3 axit.
- Nu 3 gc axit ging nhau c 3 hng chn ng vi 3 ng phn.
- Nu 2 gc axit ging nhau v khc vi 1 gc cn li: c 6 hng chn, mi hng c 2 ng phn.
- Nu 3 gc axit khc nhau: c 1 hng chn tng ng vi 3 ng phn.
Thu c 18 trieste.
Cu 37. p n B
Phng trnh phn ng:
Vy tn gi ca T l vinyl axetat.
Cu 42. p n D
- y qua bn p n ta c c ancol thuc dy ng ng no n chc.
- Xt phn 1: Cho tc dng vi K thu c 3,36lit H2 t y ta c nancol 2nH2 0,3mol.
- Xt phn 2: khi tch nc ch thu c mt anken nn trong X s cha CH3OH. Ancol cn li l
ROH.
- Anken ny lm mt mu 32 g brom n ROH = n anken = 0,2(mol)
n
= 0,1mol m
= 3,2g
CH OH
CH OH
3
3
m
= 12g M
= 60 ROH: C H OH
ROH
ROH
3 7
Cu 43. p n D
- Khi X tc dng vi NaOH d th cho mt mui v mt andehit nn X l este ca ancol c nhm OH
lin kt trc tip vi C ni i u mch X l C6H5COOCH=CH2.
- Y tc dng vi NaOH th cho hai mui v nc nh vy Y l este ca hp cht phenol Y l
CH2=CHCOOC6H5.
Cu 44. p n D
Nhm th l nguyn t halozen nh hng th H v tr ortho v para nhng lm gim kh nng phn
ng th H vng benzen.
Cu 45. p n D
Ta c: n C(Z) = n CO2 = 0,5(mol),n H(Z) = 2n H2O = 1,6mol .
mZ = 7,6(gam)
Khi lng bnh brom tng chnh l khi lng ca anken v ankin d. Nh vy ta c:
m = m + mankan = 8,4(gam)
PV
tng 2 ln
RT
nng cc cht tng 2 ln tc phn ng tng 2.23=16 ln (tnh theo cht tham gia)
Ta c p sut tng 2 ln nn n
Da vo s ng cho
nNO2
nNO
2
3V
2V
11V
nNO
; nNO2
ne 3nNO nNO2
3
112
112
112
11V
341V
m
112
56
Li bnh: Trong dng ton ny cc em cn ch : tnh khi lng mui nitrat kim loi thu c
theo cng thc sau:
mmuoi mKL 62(3nNO nNO2 8nN2O 10nN2 )
1
nhit thng H2S b oxi khng kh oxi ha thnh S: H 2 S O2 H 2O S .
2
Cu 50. p n D
- Cp bnh cu phi c lp lt.
- ng dn kh i vo phi sc su vo dung dch. ng thu kh thot ra phi khng nhng vo dung
dch.
- Thu kh Cl2 phi dng bnh c nt y.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny c lin quan n thc nghim ha hc tng t thi khi A, B 2014.
Trang 134/305
1A
2A
3B
4A
S 3
5A
6A
11A
12A
13B
14A
15B
16D
17B
18B
19A
20A
21B
22B
23D
24A
25D
26D
27A
28C
29D
30D
31A
32C
33B
34D
35C
36A
37C
38B
39A
40D
41A
42C
43B
44B
45A
46B
47A
48C
49D
50D
7B
8A
9A
10C
Cu 1: p n A
Khi lng cht rn gim chnh l khi lng oxi phn ng:
RCH 2OH CuO RCHO H 2O Cu
0, 02
MRCHO MH2O
2
0, 02
0, 02
38 MRCHO 58 : CH3CH2CHO
19 0,5.2
72.
0, 25
4.3, 6
0, 2 mAg 21, 6 gam.
72
Li bnh: y l 1 dng bi tp v andehit, v trong thi khi A nm 2014 cng c dng bi tp ny.
Cu 3: p n D
- S mol cc cht: nO2 0,59 mol ; nH2O 0,52 mol . Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng chy
mCO2 20,68gam nCO2 0, 47mol . Nhn thy nH2O nCO2 ancol Z no, 2 chc.
- Trng hp 1: Kt ta ln nht tnh theo Al3+: n OH- = 3n Al3+ V = 0,24 nBa2 0,048 mol.
Cc kt ta thu c gm Al(OH)3 (0,04 mol) v BaSO4 (0,048 mol).
m = 0,04.78 +0,048.233 = 14,304 (gam).
- Trng hp 2: Kt ta tnh theo BaSO4. n Ba 2+ = nSO2- = 0,06(mol) V = 0,3(lit)
4
Br , Fe,1:1
NaOH, t , p
HCl
2
p-NaOC6H4CH3
p-HOC6H4CH3
C6H5CH3 p-BrC6H4CH3
H2SO4
C6H5NO2 + HNO3 m-C6H4(NO2)2 + H2O
Fe HCl
m-C6H4(NH2)2 + 4H2O
m-C6H4(NO2)2 + 12H
Cu 12: p n A
S ha qu trnh phn ng ta c:
NaAlO2 H 2
Fe : x mol
NaOH
Cr : y mol Fe
HCl
Al : z mol
H2
Cr
T cc mi quan h ta lp c h phng trnh:
56x + 52y + 27z = 100 x = 1,5885
y = 0,1345
1,5z = 0,225
x + y = 1,723
z = 0,15
% Cr = 13,988%.
Li bnh: y l 1 dng cu hi kh ph bin trong cc thi
Cu 13: p n B
Do AgCl v PbS khng tan trong HCl loi A, C, D.
Trang 137/305
CO
Fe
CO2
CO
FeO
Y: 64 gam
Fe2O3
S dng phng php ng cho, ta tnh c s mol CO v CO2 ln lt l 0,1 v 0,4 mol.
p dng phng php bo ton khi lng: mhh = mY + mO vi n O = n CO2 = 0,4(mol)
mhh = 70,4 (gam).
Li bnh: y l dng bi ton quen thuc lin quan n CO chng Cacbon Silic.
Cu 15: p n C
ng phn amino axit ca C4H7O4N:
HOOC CH2 CH(NH2) COOH
NH2
(1)
HOOC C COOH
|
CH3
(2)
HOOC CH COOH
|
CH2NH2
(3)
Cu 16: p n D
-Ta c: nNaOH 0, 2mol.
- Xem cc phn ng trong bi xy ra theo 2 giai on:
P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
(1)
H3PO4 + NaOH mui + H2O
(2)
3m
54m
2m
mH2O (1)
; nH3PO4
.
142
142
142
- Cht rn thu c gm mui v NaOH hoc H3PO4 d (nu c).
nH2O (1)
6m
54m
18 109m
m
0, 2.40 6m.
142
142
142
71
m = 8,7385 gam.
+ Nu H3PO4 d nH2O ( 2) nNaOH 0, 2 m
54m
109m
0, 2.40 0, 2.18
142
71
m = 28,4.
Li bnh: y l dng bi tp ph bin v phn ng ca P2O5 vi dung dch kim, tng t cu trong
Trang 138/305
Mui thu c gm 0,3mol Mg2+; 0,025mol NH4+; 0,065mol K+ v 0,39mol Cl- (iu kin trung
ha in) m = 24,03 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi cp n phn ng ca kim loi vi mui nitrat trong mi trng axit, tng t
cu trong thi khi B 2014.
Cu 18: p n B
y l cu hi n gin.
4C H
4n 2 n 2
2p
2 3n 3.
2
2
Cu 19: p n A
S lin kt
C2 H6 : 0, 2 mol
Y
(M 41, 2)
(M 27)
H 2
C3H8 : 0,8 mol
Phn ng H2. Chn s mol trc phn ng n1 = 1 mol, n2 l s mol hn hp kh sau phn ng.
n1 M 2
M1.n1
n2
1,5259 mol
n 2 M1
M2
.
Ta c: n H2 = n 2 - n1 = 0,5259 mol H =
0,5259
.100% = 52,59%.
1
Cu 20: p n A
- Khi nh t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch cha hn hp Ba(OH)2 v Ba(AlO2)2 phn ng xy ra ln
lt theo th t:
H+ + OH- H2O
AlO2- + H+ + H2O Al(OH)3
Al(OH)3 + 3H+ Al3+ + 3H2O
- Theo th ta thy: nOH 2b 0,8 b 0, 4. . Phng trnh to kt ta:
nNaOH 2b nAl OH (ng vi qu trnh kt ta tng dn) v nNaOH 2b 3nAl OH 4nAlO (ng
3
a 0,7 a : b 7 : 4.
Nguyn t c tnh oxi ho cng mnh th ion c tnh kh cng yu v ngc li.
Cu 22: p n B
Nhm c cu to mng tinh th lp phng tm din.
Cu 23: p n D
Bn knh nguyn t ph thuc ln lt 2 yu t: S lp electron: t l thun v in tch ht nhn: t l
nghch. Do cc ion bi cho u c 2 lp e nn chn D.
Cu 24: p n A
T nhn to l s kt hp gia cc cht c trong thin nhin v qua qu trnh ch to ca con ngi.
- p n B: T tm l t thin nhin
- p n C: Vinilon l t tng hp
- p n D: T capron l t tng hp
Cu 25: p n D
0,008-0,010
= 5.10-5 mol/(l.s)
40
Li bnh: y l bi tp tnh tc phn ng rt n gin, l cu d ly im. Dng bi ny xut
hin trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
Ta c: v = -
Cu 26: p n D
Nhm NO2 v C6H5 ht e lm gim tnh baz, nhm C2H5 y e lm tng tnh baz ca cc amin.
Cu 27: p n D
- S mol cc cht: Ala = 0,07; Val = 0,08; Gly = 0,08.
- Gi s s lng mt xch trong mi phn t peptit to thnh ln lt l x, y, z v s mol tng ng l
a, a v 3a (a > 0; x, y, z 2; x, y, z Z).
- Phn ng thy phn:
m (gam) X + (ax + ay + 3az 5a) mol H2O 6,23 gam Ala + 9,36 gam Val + 6,00 gam Gly
- Bo ton khi lng ta c: m 6, 23 9,36 6,00 mH2O 21,59 mH2O .
- Nhn thy: khi lng ca hn hp X (m) t gi tr ln nht nu khi lng nc s dng cho phn
ng thy phn l nh nht. iu ny xy ra khi s mol lin kt peptit l nh nht hay hn hp X gm 3
peptit c s lin kt peptit l 4, 4 v 1 tng ng vi s mol x, x v 3x. Khi ta c:
+ nH2O 4 x 4 x 3 x 13 x.
+ nAla nVal nGly 5 x 5 x 2.3 x 16 x 0,07 0,08 0,08 0, 21 x
mmax 21,59 18.13.
0, 21
16
0, 21
18,51875 gam. ch c A ph hp.
16
Li bnh: y l bi tp kh phc tp lin quan n phn ng thy phn peptit, c tc dng phn loi
hc sinh. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2014.
Cu 28: p n C
92
m
1000.92 80 80 1 100
.
.
.
.
= 504,8 (lt)
162 100 100 0,8 90
Trang 140/305
n CO2
nX
= 4; H =
2n H2O
nX
= 8 ; n O(X) = 0,025(mol) .
Li bnh: Bi tp lin quan n vic tm cng thc phn t v vit cu to ca hp cht hu c qua
phn ng chy. y l mt phng php ph bin nht, da vo phn ng chy xc nh cng thc
y z
y
t
Cx H y Oz Nt x O2 xCO2 H 2O N 2
phn t.
4 2
2
2
a(mol )
44 xa( g ) 9 ya( g ) 14ta( g )
bi s cho bit cc d kin t d kin ta xc nh c cng thc phn t ca X. Di y l mt
s cng thc tnh nhanh rt ra t phn ng chy, xc nh cng thc X.
+) Nu t chy 1 cht: S C: S H: S N = nCO2 : 2nH2O : 2nN2
+) S nguyn t cacbon trong X: x
+) S nguyn t hidro trong X: y
nCO2
nX
2.nH 2O
nX
mCO2
44nX
VCO2
22, 4.nX
mH 2O
9.nX
Cu 37: p n C
2Fe3 Mg 2Fe 2 Mg 2 1
0,8
0, 4
Cu Mg Cu Mg 2 2
2
0, 05 0, 05
0, 05
Fe 2 Mg Fe Mg 2 3
x
Khi lng thanh Mg tng ln, vy mui Fe3+ phn ng ht, nu ch c thm (2) th khi lng thanh
Mg vn gim l 24.0,45 64.0,05 = 7,6 gam c phn ng (3): 32x 7,6 = 11,6 x = 0,6 mol
Khi lng Mg phn ng: mMg = 24 0,4 + 0,05 + 0,6 = 25,2 (gam)
Li bnh: Bi tp v phn ng thy luyn gia 1 kim loi vi dung dch cha 2 mui, dng bi ny
gp trong thi tuyn sinh ca nhiu nm. Hc sinh cn ch cht no phn ng ht, cht no d.
Cu 38: p n B
Cc cht hoc ion mun tc dng vi CO32- phi c kh nng to mui kt ta hoc c tnh axit mnh.
Cu 39: p n A
- Phn ng ca X vi CO: nCO 0,5 mol nCO ( du ) nCO2 ;
mt khc 28nCO ( du ) 44nCO2 18,8.2.0,5 18,8 nCO d = 0,2; nCO2 0,3mol
nO (trong oxit phn ng) = 0,3mol.
- Phn ng ca Y vi HNO3: nNO2 1, 6 . uy i hn hp X thnh kim loi v O2
mkim loi = 0,875m; mO2 0,125m
trong Y cn 0,875m (gam) kim loi v (0,125m 0,3.16) gam O2
mmui = mkim loi + 62ne
2,8125m 0,875m 62(1, 6.1
0,125m 0,3.16
) m 64 chn A.
8
Cu 40: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt d v tnh cht ha hc ca ancol.
- p n A: Mg khng phn ng
- p n B: MgO khng phn ng
- p n C: NaOH khng phn ng
Cu 41: p n A
Thy phn (xt H+, to) saccaroz cho glucoz v fructoz, mantoz ch cho glucoz.
Cu 42: p n C
- Gi CTPT amin l RN (v tc dng vi HCl theo t l mol 1:1).
- Ta c: %m N =
14
.100% = 23,73 R = 45: C3H9
R + 14
1
Cu O2 H 2SO4 CuSO4 H 2O
2
Cu 44: p n B
- Dung dch BaCl2: Ch SO3 phn ng to kt ta trng BaSO4.
- Dung dch KMnO4 hoc nc brom: Ch SO2 phn ng lm mt mu nc brom.
Cu 45: p n A
4Fe2+ + O2 + 6H2O 4Fe(OH)3
Cu 46: p n B
Khi thay i p sut, ch nhng cn bng c mt ca cht kh v tng h s kh 2 v ca phn ng
khc nhau th cn bng mi b chuyn dch.
Li bnh: y l cu hi rt c bn v cn bng ha hc. Ni dung cu hi quen thuc, gp trong
thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
Cu 47: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi ny kh n gin.
Hc sinh ch cn vit cc phn ng v tnh ton theo phng trnh.
Cu 48: p n C
Nhit si ca cc cht hu c c gi tr M tng ng gim theo dy: axit > ancol > anehit >
este.
Cu 49: p n D
Cc cht phn ng c vi NaOH v HCl gm Al, Al(OH)3, Zn(OH)2, NaHCO3.
Cu 50: p n D
- Kh HCl tan nhiu trong nc nn khng th thu bng cch di nc.
- Cc kh O2 v N2 u rt t tan trong nc nn c th thu bng cch di nc.
Li bnh: y l cu hi d lin quan n vic thu kh. Cu hi c ni dung tng t thi i hc
khi A, B 2014. Hc sinh ch cn nm c tnh tan ca cc kh trong nc l tr li c cu hi
ca thi.
Trang 143/305
P N S 4
5A
6C
1B
2C
3C
4A
7B
8B
9A
10B
11D
12A
13D
14A
15A
16B
17C
18D
19C
20C
21A
22A
23A
24C
25C
26B
27A
28C
29C
30B
31B
32C
33A
34B
35C
36B
37B
38B
39B
40A
41C
42D
43A
44C
45A
46A
47D
48A
49D
50B
Ta c
(1)
(2)
H2SO4
24
= 0,15 (mol)
160
T (1) n H2SO4 (1) = 3.0,15 = 0,45 (mol) n H2SO4 (2) = 0,48 - 0,45 = 0,03 (mol)
(2) nCuO p = 0,03mol mCuO p = 2,4 gam m = 9,6 2,4 = 7,2 gam.
- Nu CuO tan ht:
n CuO =
9,6
= 0,12 (mol) n H2SO4 (1) = 0,36 (mol)
80
1
n Fe2O3 (1) = .0,36 = 0,12 (mol) mFe2O3 = 0,12.160 =19,2 (gam)
3
m = 24 - 19, 2 = 4,8 (gam) Vy 7,2 m 4,8.
Cu 5. p n A
S ha phn ng ta c:
O2
Cn H 2n 2O2
nCO2
: 0,1n
mol
(n 1) H 2O : 0,1(n 1) mol
- Phn ng in phn:
1
O2
2
2 x mol
Cu NO3 2 H 2O 2 HNO3 Cu
x
Fe Cu NO3 2 Fe NO3 2 Cu
y
y mol
2x
Theo bi ta c:
x y 0, 2
x 0, 0482
3x
y 0,1518
16,8 56. y 4 64. y 15,99
0, 0482.64.2.96500
4820 giy.
64.1,93
1B
2C
3C
4A
5A
6C
7B
8B
9A
10B
11D
12A
13D
14A
15A
16B
17C
18D
19C
20C
21A
22A
23A
24C
25C
26B
27A
28C
29C
30B
31B
32C
33A
34B
35C
36B
37B
38B
39B
40A
41C
42D
43A
44C
45A
46A
47D
48A
49D
50B
Cu 9. p n A
Trang 145/305
Cc ngun nng lng sch gm: (1) thy in, (2) gi, (3) mt tri.
Cu 10. p n B
- V phn ng c thc hin trong bnh kn nn khi lng ca kh trong bnh khng i. Do t khi
ca hn hp kh so vi H2 gim Khi lng mol ca hn hp gim S mol ca hn hp tng hay
cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch loi A v C.
- Khi tng nhit , cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu nghch phn ng nghch thu nhit phn ng
thun ta nhit.
Cu 11. p n D
X gm Al2O3, BaO dung dch Y c Ba2+ x (mol), Al(OH)4- 2x (mol).
Sc CO2 d c Al(OH)3 2x mol v dd Ba(HCO3)2, un nng tip li c thm BaCO3 x mol.
78. 2 x 197.x 5, 295 x 0,015 mol
m 102.0,015 197.0,015 4, 485 gam .
Vy khi lng hn hp Al2O3, BaO l m = 4,485 gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp ny n gin, hc sinh ch cn vit c cc phn ng xy ra l gii c.
Cu 12. p n A
- nC6 H12O6
0, 01
0, 02 .60.2
0,02.40
0, 036mol ; nmantoz d =
0,008mol.
100
100
0,03
= 2, trong cc phng n la chn khng
0,015
c amino axit c 2C amin l CH3NH2 x (mol), cng thc amino axit H2N-CnH2n-COOH y (mol) (n
> 1).
x y 0, 015
- Ta c: x n 1 y 0, 03
x 0, 01
y 0, 005
n 3
2,24
= 0,1 (mol)
22,4
t
FeO + 4HNO3
Fe(NO3 )3 + NO2 + 2H 2O (4)
o
Ta c n NO2 =
10,08
= 0,45 (mol) . T (3) v (4) n NO2 = 3.n Fe + n FeO
22,4
Cu 21. p n A
CuS khng tan trong dung dch HCl.
Cu 22. p n A
- S mol cc cht: O2 = 0,475; CO2 = 0,4; H2O = 0,55 Y v Z l 2 ancol no.
- Bo ton O nO (hh) = 0,4.2 + 0,55 - 0,475.2 = 0,4mol nhh = 0,2mol (v cc cht u cha 2
nguyn t O) C = 2 axit l HCOOH nY + Z = 0,55 0,4 = 0,15 nHCOOH = 0,2 0,15 =
0,05mol.
- Gi cng thc chung ca 2 ancol l CnH2n+2O2 (n > 2) nCO2 = 0,15n + 0,05.1 = 0,4 n = 7/3 2
ancol l C2H4(OH)2 (x mol) v C3H6(OH)2 (y mol) x + y = 0,15 v 2x + 3y + 0,05 = 0,4 x = 0,1;
y = 0,05 %mY = 0,1.62.100/(0,1.62 + 0,05.46 + 0,05.76) = 50,41%.
Li bnh: y l bi tp khv phn loi hc sinh. Tng t cu hi trong thi i hc khi B
2013.
Cu 23. p n A
Catt l in cc ( ); ti catot ion kim loi nhn e: Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Li bnh: y l 1 cu cho im ca thi
Cu 24. p n C
Kh thot ra l CO2
Cu 25. p n C
Cu hi c bn v s chuyn ha gia cc hp cht v c.
- p n A sai v t NaNO3 khng iu ch c NaOH.
- p n B, D sai v t NaNO3 khng iu ch c Na2CO3.
Cu 26. p n B
Cc tn gi theo danh php h thng l: metylamin (1); axit propanoic (3); etan-1,2-iol (4); hexan2,4-ion (5).
Li bnh: y l cu hi gi tn hp cht hu c n gin. gi tn hp cht hu c ng cn
nm mt s quy tc sau: +) Chn mch C di nht lm mch chnh.
+) nh s ch v tr sao cho s ch v tr ca nhnh (nu c) l gn nhm chc nht (i vi cc
hirocacbon: anken; ankin th lin kt = hay lin kt c th xem nh l nhm chc)
+) Trng hp mch c nhiu nhm chc th phi nh s theo u tin:
COOH > COO > NO2> CHO > C=O > OH > NH2>= >
+) Tng s ch v tr cc cc nhnh (nu c nhiu nhnh) tha cc iu trn phi l s nh nht c th.
Cu 27. p n A
Trang 148/305
Dung dch B ban u c pH =14 dung dch B c tnh bazo; sau khi chun bng dung dch A th
pH gim dn. Khi thm 50cm3 dung dch A th pH = 0,5 dung dch A c tnh axit Chn A
Cu 28. p n C
- p n A sai v lin kt trong N2 khng phn cc.
- p n B sai v lin kt trong NH3, HCl v SO3 l phn cc.
- p n C ng: chng u l lin kt cng ha tr v phn t u c to thnh t cc nguyn t phi
kim.
- p n D sai v NH3, HCl, N2 lun lun khng c lin kt cho-nhn
Cu 29. p n C
Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d, cho im ca thi.
Cu 30. p n B
- Ancol mun tch nc to 1 anken th ancol s l bc I hoc i xng v anken to to thnh khng
c ng phn hnh hc.
- Cc cu to tha mn:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
CH2OHCH(CH3)CH2CH3
Li bnh: Cc em hc sinh ch dng bi tch nc t 1 phn t ancol:
xt ,t
Cn H 2n1OH
Cn H 2n H 2O(n 2) , xc tc l H 2 SO4 c, t o 170o
0
Cu 32. p n C
Xc nh s oxi ha ca Cl trong cc phn ng s xc nh c vai tr cht oxi ha v cht kh ca
clo.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cc d, l cu cho im ca thi ( thuc phn oxi ha kh, chng trnh lp
10)
Cu 33. p n A
- A v B tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 C v B phi c nhm COOH loi B v C.
- A v B cha gc phenyl (C6H5) loi D.
Cu 34. p n B
Dn xut halogen thy phn c trong dung dch kim nu nguyn t halogen gn vo nguyn t C
no (1), (3) v (5) tha mn.
Cu 35. p n C
Bi ton thy phn peptit to bi n gc -amino axit c 3 dng sau:
+) Trong H2O: Peptit + (n-1)H2O
n -amino axit
+) Trong dung dch NaOH: Peptit + nNaOH
Mui + H2O
+) Trong dung dch HCl: Peptit + (n-1)H2O + nHCl
Mui.
p dng cho bi ton ny nh sau:
- V cht X ban u l ipeptit nn phn ng thy phn vi NaOH c dng:
X + H2O + 2NaOH mui + 2H2O
mmui mX = mNaOH mH 2O 40.2nX 18nX 62 nX 7, 44 4,34 3,1 nX = 0,05mol.
- Thy phn X bng HCl xy ra theo s :
X + H2O + 2HCl mui
mmui = mX mH2O mHCl 4,34 18.nX 36,5.2 nX 8,89 gam.
Li bnh: Trong nhng nm gn y, cc dng ton v peptit c khc thc rt nhiu. Cc em nn
hc k phn ny. Cc dng bi tp v peptit ch yu c khai thc bi ton thy phn v t chy.
Cu hi ny tng t cu trong thi tuyn sinh i hc khi A nm 2014.
Cu 36. p n B
- A c: 7e thuc phn lp p c cu hnh e: 1s22s22p63s23p1 c 13e Al.
- B c: 2.s e = 13.2 + 8 = 34 s e = 17 Cl.
Li bnh: y l dng bi c bn v d ly im v cu hnh electron.
Cu 37. p n B
MY = 15,5 . 2 = 31, Y lm xanh qu m nn Y: CH3NH2 X l mui ca axit hu c v CH3NH2.
Vy X: CH2=CH-COONH3CH3.
Cu 38. p n B
- p n A sai v A khng th cha hai loi nhm chc khc nhau
- p n C sai v A chy khng cho t l n CO2 : n H2O = 1:1 .
- p n D sai v A phi cha mt nhm COOH v mt nhm OH.
Cu 39. p n B
Trang 150/305
- S mol cc cht: nCu 0,5 mol; nHNO3 2 mol; nKOH 1,5 mol.
- Cht rn Z: KNO2 (x mol) v KOH d (y mol) mZ 85x 56 y 124,6 1 .
- Bo ton K nKOH nKNO2 nKOH du x y 1,5 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) x = 1,4; y = 0,1.
CCu NO3
2
0,5.188.100
= 45, 28%.
207, 6
7x
Zn + 2NaOH Na 2 ZnO2 + H 2
y
2y
4x + y = 0,1
x = 0,02
x + y = 0,04
y = 0,02
C: nNaOH 0,18 mol ; nNaNO3 0, 02 mol
Vy khi lng hn hp l m = 8,9 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v hay, phn loi hc sinh.
Cu 43. p n A
Cng thc phn t cc cht ln lt l:
Trang 151/305
CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CO
|
|
CH2 CH2 NH
Caprolactam (C6H11NO):
Axit lactic (C3H6O3): CH3 - CH(OH) COOH.
Axit glutamic (C5H9O4N): HOOC CH(NH2) CH2 CH2 - COOH
Axit oxalic (C2H2O4): HOOC COOH.
Li bnh: Cu hi khng kh i hi hc sinh nm c cng thc ca cc cht hu c.
Cu 44. p n C
Cu hi thng gp phn tc phn ng, rt d ly im.
Tc phn ng tng ln 3
50-20
10
= 27 ln.
Cu 45. p n A
X c cng thc phn t CxHyOz vi x < 8.
- V nX nH2 phn t X c 2 nguyn t H linh ng X c 2 nhm OH.
- V nX nNaOH c 1 nhm OH (phenol) v 1 nhm OH (ancol)
X c 7C X l HO-C6 H4 -CH2OH
13,64 gam X (0,11 mol) tc dng vi NaOH cho 0,11 mol thu c 0,11mol
NaO C6 H 4 CH 2OH .
CH3CH2CH(NH2)CH2COOH
CH3CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH
Cu 48. p n A
Ta c: n CO2 =
3,808
4,32
= 0,17(mol) ; n H2O =
= 0,24(mol)
18
22,4
0,17
2,4
0,07
0,025
0,021
.100% = 62,5% v H pu (C3H7OH) =
.100% = 70% .
0,04
0,03
M Y nX
0, 05
0,5.
0,1
Trang 153/305
P N S 5
5B
6D
1A
2C
3C
4C
7A
8C
9D
10B
11A
12A
13B
14B
15A
16B
17B
18D
19D
20B
21B
22B
23A
24B
25C
26D
27B
28C
29D
30C
31D
32B
33B
34D
35A
36C
37B
38D
39A
40A
41B
42D
43C
44A
45C
46B
47B
48D
49D
50C
Ban u:
Phn li:
Cn bng:
Ta c :
(1 - )C
CH3COO H +
2 2
2
C C
K
(1 )C 1
CH3COOH
2
K khng i. Nu pha long dung dch CH3COOH bng nc th C gim, 1 tng tng.
Trang 154/305
4 2
234
.100% 65,9%
355
Cu 9: p n D
Trong n mn in ha, cc m l anot v l ni xy ra s oxi ha; cc dng l catot v l ni xy ra
s kh.
Cu 10: p n B
Vi cc dung dch c cng nng , pH t l thun vi tnh baz v t l nghch vi tnh axit. Vi cc
amino axit v mui ca n, tnh axit, baz c th hin mi quan h gia s nhm NH2 v COOH:
- Glyxin (H2NCH2COOH): c 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH.
- Axit glutamic (HOOCCH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH): c 1 nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH.
- Mui natri ca glyxin (H2NCH2COONa): c 1 nhm NH2 v khng c nhm COOH.
- Mui clorua ca axit glutamic (HOOCCH2CH2CH2CH(NH3Cl)COOH): c 2 nhm COOH v khng
c nhm NH2.
Cu 11: p n A
- V nCO2 nH2O = 8ncht bo phn t cht bo c 9 gc axit ca cht bo c 6 lin kt (v 3 lin
kt nm trong nhm chc este).
- Phn ng vi Br2: nBr2 = 6ncht bo = 6a = 0,6 a = 0,1.
Li bnh: y l dng cu hi n gin v t chy cht bo. Hc sinh cn ch cc lin kt trong
gc v nhm chc. Cu ny tng t cu trong thi i hc khi A nm 2014.
Trang 155/305
Cu 12: p n A
Li bnh: y l cu hi rt c bn v cc d phn nc cng.
Cu 13: p n B
Hc sinh s gii d dng nu bit s dng phng php quy i.
- uy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v O2 (y mol) 56x + 32y = 3,04 (1).
- Kh hn hp bng H2 nH2 nO 2 y 0,05 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) x = 0,04; y = 0,025.
- Ha tan hn hp bng dung dch H2SO4:
O2 4e 2O 2
Fe Fe3 3e
S 6 2e S 4 SO2
1
0, 2.
2nKCl
- Nhn thy: nkh (1) = nCl2 in phn trong khong thi gian t giy cha xy ra s in phn H2O
anot:
2Cl Cl2 2e
0, 2
Cu 2 2e Cu
0, 4
2 H 2O 4 H O2 4e
0, 01 0, 04
2H 2O 2e H 2 2OH
ne (t ) 0, 4 ne ( 2t ) 0,8 trong thi gian in phn 2t giy th anot thu thm c x mol
x 0,1
x y 0, 45 0, 2 0, 25 1
O2 v y mol H2 ta c:
v
y 0,15
4 x 0, 4
Trang 156/305
2
MgCl2 :0, 06 mol Mg :0, 06 mol
H : 0,11 mol
1
AgNO3 Ag NO2 O2
2
1
Cu NO3 2 CuO 2 NO2 O2
2
BaO H 2O Ba OH 2
Cu 18: p n D
- X tc dng c vi NaOH d to kh trong X c Al d, cc oxit st phn ng ht. Bo ton e
3nAl d = 2nH 2 nAl d = 0,4 mol.
- Dung dch Y thu c c cha mui NaAlO2 (to thnh t phn ng ca Al v Al2O3 vi NaOH).
Sc CO2 thu kt ta l Al(OH)3. Bo ton Al ta c:
nAl2O3 0, 4 mol.
- Cht khng tan Z l Fe. mmui sunfat = mFe 96nSO2 mFe 50, 4 gam.
- Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng nhit nhm mAl ban u + m = mAl d + mFe + mAl2O3
m 69,6 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi thuc phn phn ng nhit nhm. Bi ton kh phc tp v lin quan n nhiu
phn ng i hi hc sinh phi c k nng gii bi tp tt. Hc sinh s dng 2 cng c: bo ton
nguyn t v bo ton khi lng gii. Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi A 2014.
Cu 19: p n D
- V H c 3 loi ng v nn:
+ Nu 2H trong nc ging nhau: 3 hng chn.
+ Nu 2 H trong nc khc nhau: 3 hng chn.
c 6 hng chn H.
- Do O c 3 loi ng v c 3 hng chn O.
Trang 157/305
36
450.8
36 gam.
100
36 a
.100 a = 20,45 (gam).
450 a
Cch 2. S dng phng php ng cho. Coi KCl l dung dch KCl 100%
mKCl
12 8
mKCl = 20,45 gam.
450 100 12
n
k 1
1
n 1 k
n 1 k
k 1
tng khi n tng k < 1 (v mu lun tng khi n tng)
n 1 k
1
3
- Phn ng ca X vi Na: nH 2 nX 0, 025 nX 0, 05 M X
60 X l C3H7OH.
2
0, 05
- Do X bc II nn X l ancol isopropylic (CH3-CHOH-CH3) sn phm tch nc 1400c ca X l
iisopropyl ete.
Cu 26: p n D
nh du cc im A, B
Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3
Al (OH )3 OH Al (OH ) 4
Gi nng Al2(SO4)3 l CM (l) n Al2 SO4 0, 2.CM nAl3 0, 4CM
3
0,18
0, 06
3
3OH Al (OH )3
OH Al (OH ) 4
Cu 27: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt phn anehit xeton
Cu 28: p n C
Cu hi d phn axit cacboxylic .
Bo ton O ta c: nO ( axit ) nO/ (O2 ) nO/ (CO2 ) nO / ( H2O ) nO2 0,3 V 6,72 lit.
Cu 29: p n D
- Ta c: nFe 0, 24; mO2 2, 4 gam nO2 0,075mol.
nFe3 0, 09
nFe2 nFe3 nFe 0, 24
RCOO 3 C3 H5
m 304.0,02 6,08 g
Cng thc ca X l: C3 H5 OOC C17 H31 OOC C17 H33 2 : nC3H5 OOC C17 H31 OOC C17 H33 0,01mol
2
Vy khi lng ca X l: mC3H5 OOC C17 H31 OOC C17 H33 0,01.882 8,82 gam.
2
0,15
1
t0
2 Fe(OH ) 2 O2
Fe2O3 2 H 2O
2
0,15
0, 075
b mFe2O3 0,075.160 12 (gam).
R ' 17
C:
.100% 36,36% R ' 15 R ' l CH3
88
Vy este l C2H5COOCH3.
Cu 38: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt tng hp phn hu c.
Cc cht c phn ng vi dung dch NaOH l: etyl axetat, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua, pcrezol.
Cu 39: p n A
- Gi s ly 1 mol hn hp X, trong s mol ca anken l a mol, ca H2 l 1 a mol.
- Ta c: MX = 6,4.2 = 12,8 (g/mol); MY = 8.2 = 16 (g/mol)
- X cha anken nn Y cha ankan c s nguyn t C ln hn 2, do Y phi cha H2 d.
- Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng: mY mX 12,8 nY 0,8mol
nH2
( pu )
nanken 1 0,8 0, 2 a 0, 2
mX 14n.0, 2 2 1 0, 2 12,8 n 4
anken l C4H8.
Li bnh: y l dng bi tp v phn ng cng H2 ca hidrocacbon.
Cu 40: p n A
- Cng thc cc cht: axit butanioic C4H6O4; etanol C2H6O; axit acrylic C3H4O2; axit fomic CH2O. V
s mol axit fomic v axit acrylic bng nhau nn thay 2 cht ny bng cht mi c cng thc C 2H3O2.
- Gi s mol cc cht: C4H6O4; C2H3O2 v C2H6O c trong 38,4 gam hn hp ln lt l x, y v z
118x + 59y + 46z = 59(2x + y) + 46z = 38,4 (1).
- t chy hn hp X nCO2 4 x 2 y 2 z . Hp th CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 theo bi ta c
cc phn ng:
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 (v c kt ta v un dung dch li thu c kt ta
na)
mrn maxit mNaOH mH2O 38, 4 46.0, 45 0,35.40 0,3.18 26,3 gam chn C.
Trang 161/305
(trong hh )
Mg 2 AgNO3 Mg NO3 2 2 Ag
0, 015 0, 03
0, 03
0, 02
Mg Fe NO3 2 Fe MgNO3
0, 005
0, 005
Li bnh: y l dng bi tp v phn ng thy luyn, khi gii dng ton ny hc sinh cn ch :
1- Phn ng gia kim loi vi dung dch mui xy ra theo qui tc Cht kh mnh tc dng vi cht
oxi ho mnh sinh ra cht kh yu hn v cht oxi ho yu hn.
VD: Fe + Cu2+
Fe2+ + Cu;
Cu + Fe3+
Fe2+ + Cu2+
2- Trng hp cho hn hp nhiu kim loi tc dng vi mt dung dch mui th kim loi c tnh kh
mnh hn s b OXH trc.
VD: Ho tan hn hp kim loi Mg, Fe v Cu trong dung dch cha mui AgNO3 th th t
phn ng xy ra nh sau:
Mg + 2Ag+
Mg2+ + 2Ag;
Fe + 2Ag+
Fe2+ + 2Ag
Cu + 2Ag+
Cu2+ + 2Ag;
Fe2+ + Ag+
Fe3+ + Ag
3- Trng hp ho tan mt kim loi vo dung dch cha nhiu mui th ion kim loi no c tnh OXH
mnh hn s b kh trc.
VD: Ho tan Fe trong dung dch cha ng thi cc dung dch HCl, AgNO3 v CuSO4, th t
phn ng xy ra ln lt nh sau:
Fe + 2Ag+ Fe2+ + 2Ag; Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu;
Fe + 2H+ Fe2+ + H2
4- gii bi ton ny ta thng s dng kt hp cc phng php gii sau: Bo ton khi lng, bo
Trang 162/305
ton in tch, bo ton nguyn t, tng gim khi lng, bo ton electron
5- Cc kim loi tan trong nc khi tc dng vi cc dung dch mui khng cho ra kim loi mi.
VD: 2Na + CuSO4 + H2O Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + H2
6- Trong mi trng trung tnh ion NO3- khng c tnh OXH nhng trong mi trng axit NO3- l mt
cht OXH mnh
VD: 3Cu 2 NO3 8H 3Cu 2 2 NO 4 H 2O
Cu 45: p n C
Cu hi d v cu hnh e nguyn t .
- Cu hnh e ca Cr: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1.
- 6e c thn ca Cr nm phn lp 3d v 4s.
Cu 46: p n B
Ta c: nSO2 0,15 mol ; nS 0, 02 mol
Gi s mol Cu v Zn ln lt l x v y => 64x + 65y = 12,9 (I)
u trnh kh
Cu 0 Cu 2 2e
x
2x
S 4 S 6 2e
0,14
0, 28
Zn0 Zn2 2e
S 0 S 6 +6e
0, 02
2y
0,12
0,1.64
.100 49,61% ; %mZn 100 49,61 50,39%
12,9
Li bnh: y l dng bi kim loi tc dng vi axit c tnh oxi ha mnh. dng bi ton ny cc
em cn ch :
- Kim loi th hin nhiu s oxi ha khc nhau khi phn ng vi H2SO4 c, HNO3 s t s oxi ha
cao nht
- Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi H2SO4 c nng (tr Pt, Au) v H2SO4 c ngui (tr Pt, Au,
Fe, Al, Cr), khi S+6 trong H2SO4 b kh thnh S+4 (SO2) ; So hoc S-2 (H2S)
- Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi HNO3 c nng (tr Pt, Au) v HNO3 c ngui (tr Pt, Au,
Fe, Al, Cr), khi N+5 trong HNO3 b kh thnh N+4 (NO2)
- Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi HNO3 long (tr Pt, Au), khi N+5 trong HNO3 b kh
thnh N+2 (NO) ; N+1 (N2O) ; No (N2) hoc N-3 (NH4+)
Cu 47: p n B
Cht to khi trng vi HCl gm NH3 v CH3NH2.
Cu 48: p n D
Cu hi v mi quan h chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c.
- B l ancol bc I A c nguyn t Cl gn C u mch B c nhm OH C u mch C c
ni i u mch.
Trang 163/305
Trang 164/305
P N S 6
5C
6A
1C
2A
3B
4D
7B
8B
9C
10B
11D
12A
13B
14C
15D
16D
17C
18A
19D
20D
21B
22A
23B
24B
25A
26A
27B
28A
29D
30B
31C
32C
33D
34A
35B
36D
37D
38A
39C
40D
41C
42A
43D
44C
45B
46C
47B
48A
49C
50B
Fe2O3 6 H 2 Fe3 3H 2O
x
2x
2 Fe3 Cu 2 Fe2 Cu 2
2x
2x
V phn ng c d H+ nn Fe2O3 tan ht, d Cu nn Fe3+ ht, dung dch X c Cu2+, Fe2+.
Cho dung dch NH3 ti d vo dung dch X th c kt ta ch c Fe(OH)2, cn Cu(OH)2 tan do to
phc:
Trang 165/305
Fe2 Fe OH 2
1
Fe2O3
2
32
0, 2 nCu phn ng = 0,2mol
160
Vy khi lng hn hp l: m 32 0, 2.64 6, 4 51, 2 gam.
nFe2O3 x
Cu 5: p n C
ng v c cc cp to kt ta l (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), (9)
(1) Pb(NO3)2 + H2S PbS + 2HNO3
(2) Pb(NO3)2 + CuCl2 Cu(NO3)2 + PbCl2
(3) 2H2S + SO2 2H2O + 3S
(4) 2FeCl3 + H2S S + 2FeCl2 + 2HCl
(5) AlCl3 + 3NH3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
(6) 3NaAlO2 + AlCl3 + 6H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl.
(7) FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S
(8) Na2SiO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + SiO2
(9) NaHCO3 + Ba(OH)2 d 2BaCO3 + NaOH + 2H2O
c 8 phn ng to kt ta.
Li bnh: y l cu hi n gin v phn ng trong dung dch.
Cu 6: p n A
- Ta c: nHCl 0,08.1 0,08 mol.
- Hn hp gm glyxin (M = 75) v alanin (M = 89) 75 M hh 89
11,95
11,95
nhh
75
89
Cu 7: p n B
Cu hi v tnh ho nc ca CaCl2.
Cu 8: p n B
- B sau v anehit oxalic khng tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 nhit thng.
- A ng v: Tinh bt, xenluloz, mantoz u b thy phn trong mi trng axit to glucoz.
- C ng v: Glucoz, fructoz, u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, to) cho sobitol.
- D ng v: Cho isopren tc dng vi HBr theo t l mol 1:1 thu c ti a 6 sn phm (khng k
ng phn hnh hc) gm:
CH3-C(CH3)BrCH=CH2
CH2BrCH(CH3)CH=CH2
CH2=C(CH3)CH2CH2Br
CH2=C(CH3)CHBrCH3
Trang 166/305
CH3C(CH3)=CHCH2Br
CH2BrC(CH3)=CHCH3
Li bnh: Cu hi cc d v cch thc phn ng cng vo ankadien lin hp. y li l mt cu cho
im ca thi.
Cu 9: p n C
Cu hi d v phn bit cc cht kh Lp 10.
- C ng v SO2 to kt ta mu trng, cn H2S to dung dch mui.
- A, B sai v c hai kh ny u lm mt mu dung dch Br2 v dung dch KMnO4.
- D sai v c hai kh u to dung dch khng mu.
Li bnh: Cu hi ny cc k n gin v phn bit cc cht kh. Hc sinh ch cn nh tnh cht vt l
v ha hc ca cc kh.
Cu 10: p n B
Cu hi rt n gin v tnh axit, baz ca dung dch
- B ng v cht lng tnh NaHCO3 cng c tnh axit.
- A sai v K2S c tnh baz
- C sai v ZnO, CH3COONa c tnh baz.
- D sai v Na3PO4 c tnh baz.
Cu 11: p n D
Bo ton e ta c: 3.nCr 3.nNO a.nX (vi a l s mol e m N+5 nhn to ra 1 mol kh X)
3.0,1 3.0,02 0,024a a 10 X l N2.
5x
- Theo phng php bo ton mol electron ta c: 3nFe 3nNO 4nO2 3x 0,03 4 y 2
Gii h (1) v (2) x = 0,07; y = 0,045.
- Cc phn ng:
nH p.u 4nNO 4nO2 0, 22 nH du 0,03 0,18.2 0, 22 0,17 mol.
Dung dch X gm: 0,17mol H+, 0,07mol Fe3+, 0,02mol NO3-, 0,18mol SO42-.
- Khi thm Cu vo xy ra phn ng:
NO3 ht.
Cu 2 Fe3 2 Fe2 Cu 2
0, 01 0, 02
0, 02
0, 01
Dung dch thu c c 0,09 mol H+; 0,05mol Fe3+; 0,02mol Fe2+; 0,18mol SO42-; 0,04mol Cu2+. C
cn dung dch thot ra 0,045mol H2SO4.
Khi lng mui trong dung dch thu c l:
Cu 16: p n D
Nhn xt: Bi tp ph bin v phn ng ca xenluloz vi HNO3 c trong thi i hc v cao
ng nhiu nm.
Ta c:
[C6 H 7O2 (OH )3 ]n 3n HNO3 [C6 H 7 O2 ( NO3 )3 ]n 3n H 2O
162
189
324
75%
378
297
445,5
Cu 17: p n C
V nCO2 nH2O este no, n chc, mch h CnH2nO2.
Trang 168/305
3n-2
O2 nCO2 + nH 2O
2
0,525
0,45
Cn H 2n O2 +
0,525n
0, 45. 3n 2
n 3
2
0, 45
0,15mol.
3
Cng thc ca hai este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3
HCOONa x
HCOOC2 H5
NaOH
CH3COONa y
(mol)
0,2 mol
CH3COOCH3
NaOH
0, 05
du
x y 0,15
x 0,1
(mol)
68x 82y 12,9 0, 05.40
y 0, 05
n este 0,15 mol
%HCOOC2 H5
0,1
.100% 66, 67%
0,15
n=
n CO2
n hh
0,3
= 1,2 hn hp c HCHO
0,25
Cu 25: p n A
- X c tng s ht l 58 2ZX + NX = 58. nguyn t bn cn ZX NX 1,5ZX 3ZX 58
3,5ZX 16 < ZX < 19,3 ZX = 17, 18 hoc 19.
- V Y c nhiu hn X 8 ht mang in 2ZY 2ZX = 8 ZY ZX = 4.
- Nu ZX = 17 ZY = 21.
+ Cu hnh e ca X: 1s22s22p63s23p5 X thuc nhm VIIA, chu k 3.
+ Cu hnh e ca Y: 1s22s22p63s23p63d14s2 Y thuc nhm IIIB, chu k 4.
Loi v khng p n no ph hp.
- Nu ZX = 18 ZY = 22.
+ Cu hnh e ca X: 1s22s22p63s23p6 X thuc nhm VIIIA, chu k 3.
Trang 170/305
0,7
mol v cn Al3+ d
3
0,7
x > 7/15
3
Vy x = 0,45 M.
Li bnh: Bi tp kh v hay v phn ng gia cc cht trong dung dch. C tnh phn loi hc sinh.
Cu 30: p n B
C hai kh nng xy ra:
- Trng hp 1: Ba mui thu c gm Fe(NO3)3; Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 d
3nFe 2Cu nAg 3.0,1 2.0,1 0,1.x x 5 Loi v khng c gi tr ph hp.
x = 4,5 l ph hp.
Li bnh: Cu hi v phn ng thy luyn. Hc sinh cn lu sn phm mui thu c.
Cu 31: p n C
N2
Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 : 0, 4 mol
C
CuO N
Khng kh CO 2
N2
: 1, 2 mol
CO2
CO
2
100
33, 6 lt
80
Cu 32: p n C
Ta c:
n = 0,2 1,3 Axit A l HCOOH v axit B l HCOOCH3
0,15
M1.n1
n1 M 2
= 1,2 (mol); n H2 pu = n C3H8 = 2 - 1,2 = 0,8 (mol)
=
v n H2 pu = n1 - n 2 n 2 =
n2
M2
M1
Hn hp Y gm: C3H8 (0,8 mol); C3H6 d (0,2 mol) v H2 d (0,2 mol).
Thnh phn phn trm khi lng anken l:
0,8.44
.100% = 80%
0,8.44 + 0,2.42 + 0,2.2
n = 1; R = 69 (C5H9)
Vy CTPT ca X l: (H2N)2C5H9COOH.
Li bnh: Bi tp rt c bn v amino axit. Cu hi gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
Cu 35: p n B
S phn ng nh sau:
3+
:x
Al
t
Al ; Fe3+
Fe
Fe3O4 : y
Al
NaOH
H 2 : 0,03
o
3x + y = 0,11.3
x = 0,1
Ta lp c h phng trnh:
3x - 8y = 0,06
y = 0,03
N2
C2 H 7 N: 1
CO
2
to
: 24
Hn hp X gm N 2
O
H 2O
:6
2
O2du
Sau p 0
2,75
3, 75
2
0,5
p1
n
31
= 1 =
= 1,06
p2
n2
28,75
Cu 38: p n A
Cu hi rt d v n mn in ha
Trang 173/305
x ny 0,35 1
p dng phng php bo ton khi lng ta c:
%mY
4
CH3OH 0,1mol; C2H5OH 0,05mol
3
0,1.32.100
29, 6%.
0,1.32 0, 05.46 0, 05.106
4,41
= 0,015(mol)
294
Theo phng php bo ton mol electron: 6.n K2Cr2O7 = 2.n Cl2
n Cl2 = 0,045 (mol); V = n. 22,4= 1,008 (lt).
Li bnh: Bi tpcc d v phn ng ca HCl vi K2Cr2O7. L cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 43: p n D
- iu kin trung ha in: x = 0,005.
- nBaOH 0,06 nBa2 ; nOH 0,12.
2
SO4 2 Ba 2 BaSO4
0, 005 0, 06
OH NH 4 NH 3 H 2O
0,12
0, 03
2OH Mg 2 Mg OH 2
0, 09
0, 04
n CO2
C2 H5OH
n CO2 =1,3 mol
n ancol = n H2O - n CO2 = 0,5 mol; n =
= 2,6
n ancol
C3H7 OH
43,2
= 0,4 mol.
108
Xt t l mol
Ag
0, 4
=
= 0,8 < 2 c mt ancol bc II (oxi ha to xeton, khng tham gia phn
n ancol 0,5
ng trng bc).
Vy cng thc cu to ca hai ancol l:
CH3-CH2-OH (etanol) v
31,275
= 0,15 mol
208,5
Trang 175/305
n
1,2
=
= 0,6 (lt).
CM
2
Cu 49: p n C
Ta c: n HCl = 0,2 mol; n Cu 2S =
4,8
= 0,03mol
160
0,2
0,12
0,1
10.n Cu2S
3
Trang 176/305
P N S 7
5B
6C
1A
2A
3C
4B
7C
8A
9C
10C
11B
12B
13A
14D
15D
16C
17C
18A
19A
20A
21D
22D
23D
24B
25C
26D
27C
28C
29B
30C
31A
32C
33C
34B
35D
36A
37B
38A
39D
40B
41D
42B
43B
44D
45B
46D
47A
48D
49A
50D
y
t
H 2O + N 2
2
2
tng khi lng ca bnh (1) = khi lng nc = 4,5 gam;
t
xCO2 +
Ta c s : Cx H y Oz N t
o
m gam
y
H 2O
2
0,3mol
0, 2 mol
0,06
Trang 177/305
Cu 4: p n B
- Cc nhn nh ng: a, b, c, e, f.
- Nhn nh d sai v tristearin, triolein c CT ln lt l (C17H35COO)3C3H5, (C17H33COO)3C3H5
Li bnh : Cu hi quen thuc v cht bo Lp 12. Hc sinh ch cn nm vng cc kin thc l
thuyt v cht bo.
Cu 5: p n B
- Th t cc phn ng ca m gam hn hp vi HCl:
CO32- + H+ HCO3(1)
+
HCO3 + H CO2 + H2O
(2)
- Theo bi ta c nCO2 0,012 nH
( 2)
nH
(1)
nCO3 nHCO3
0, 0017.m
= 0, 034 n NaHCO3 = 0,016 mol.
0, 05m
Cu 6: p n C
Phn t HCl c to thnh t cc nguyn t phi kim. Lin kt gia cc nguyn t phi kim khc loi
thng l lin kt cng ha tr phn cc.
Cu 7: p n C
- Phn ng gia Al3+ vi OH- c th xem gm 2 phn ng:
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3
Al3+ + 4OH- Al(OH)4-
(1)
(2)
nAl OH
0,002
0,024
.78 = 0,624(gam).
3
Li bnh: Cu ny thuc phn Al3+ + OH- v cng kh kh, do cc em cn phi cn thn trong
tnh ton.
Cu 8: p n A
Ta c:
Cu 2
Cu
KMnO4 /H
Fe3
Fe
O
3 4
Mn 2
Trang 178/305
2m
2, 784
a
1 .
100
1, 2a
1, 6 x 1, 2 x
1, 2 x nCa HCO3
0, 2 x (bo ton C)
2
100
2
8,8
= 0,1mol = nmui.
88
0,1
Ta nhn thy, t 20oC ln 40oC tc tng 9 ln. Thay vo cng thc trn tnh c a = 3.
Trang 179/305
45-20
Xt t 20 C ln 45 C. V2 = V1 .3 10 = 15,59.V1
o
27
= 1,732 pht = 103,92 giy.
15,59
Mg + 2Ag + Mg 2+ + 2Ag
0,05 0,1
(1)
- Khi nhng inh st vo thy khi lng inh st tng phi c phn ng ca Fe vi Cu2+:
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
(2)
S dng tng gim khi lng ta c: 8nCu ( 2) 9,36 8, 4 0,96 nCu ( 2) 0,12mol
c 0,13mol Cu2+ tham gia vo phn ng vi Mg.
Trang 180/305
Mg Cu 2 Mg 2 Cu
0,13 0,13
mMg d = 8,64 0,13,64 = 0,32 gam.
Vy khi lng ca Mg l mMg = 0,05.24 + 0,32 + 0,13.24 = 4,64gam.
Li bnh: Dng bi tp ny kh hay, d on c dung dch X cha mui no l mu cht v phi
nm chc th t cc phn ng.
Cu 18: p n A
Nhn xt: Cu ny i hi cc em phi nm chc l thuyt
Thic l kim loi kh b oxi ha nhit thng, mng oxit thic mng v mn c tc dng bo v
thiu. Nu b sy st su ti lp st bn trong s xy ra n mn in ha, st b n mn.
Cu 19: p n A
Trong nc ong v kin c HCOOH l cht gy nga v au nhc. Khi bi vi xy ra phn ng:
Ca(OH)2 + 2HCOOH (HCOO)2Ca + 2H2O
gim nga.
Li bnh: y l mt cu hi thc t, rt l trong thi. Trng hp ny chng ta gp cuc sng
i thng rt nhiu.
Cu 20: p n A
C MX = 2,552.29 = 74 g/mol . Cng thc phn t ca X v Y l C3H6O2.
CTCT ca hai este l: HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3.
n hhX =
11,1
=0,15(mol) .
74
Ta c h phng trnh:
a b 0,15
a 0,1
% CH3COOCH3
0,1.74
.100% 66, 67%
11,1
% HCOOC2 H5 33,33%
Li bnh: Cu ny rt quen thuc ca phn este. Ch cn ch mt cht l hc sinh lm c.
Cu 21: p n D
Nhn xt: cu ny cc em cn nm chc l thuyt ca phn polime.
A. PVA bn trong mi trng kim khi un nng: sai v PVA l polieste c phn ng thu phn
trong mi trng kim.
-(CH2-CH(OCOCH3)-)n + nNaOH -(CH2-CH(OH) -)n + nCH3COONa
Trang 181/305
B. T olon c sn xut t polime trng ngng: sai v t olon c tng hp khi trng hp
vinylxianua.
C. T nilon-6 c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng ngng hexametylen iamin vi axit aipic: sai
v nilon-6,6 c iu ch bng phn ng ng trng ngng hexametylen iamin vi axit aipic
D. ng trng hp buta-1,3-ien vi acrylonitrin c cao su buna-N: ng.
Cu 22: p n D
Cc cht l:
CH3COOCH2CH2Cl + 2NaOH CH3COONa + NaCl + HOCH2CH
ClH3 N-CH2COOH + 2NaOH NaCl + H2 NCH2COONa + H2O
C6 H5Cl + 2NaOH C6H5ONa + NaCl + H2O
HCOOC6 H5 + 2NaOH HCOONa + C6 H5ONa + H2O
CH3CCl3 + 4NaOH CH3COONa + 3NaCl + 2H2O
CH3COOCCl2CH3 + 4NaOH 2CH3COONa + 2NaCl + 2H2O
M Y nY
0,125
1, 25.
0,1
Khi lng bnh Br2 tng 0,82 gam: 0,01.26 + 28.x = 0,82 x = 0,02.
Phn trm th tch ca Y trong X l: %C3H8 =
0,01
.100% = 25%
0,04
n Cu = 0,15mol ; n H2SO4 = 0,49 mol ; n H2 = 0,25 mol ; s mol H2SO4 d l 0,24 mol.
Gi s mol ca Fe v Al ln lt l x,y:
C: 56x + 27y = 8,3 (1)
Feo 2e Fe2
x
2x
2H 1 2e H 20
0,5
0, 25
Alo 3e Al3
y
3y
Li bnh: Cu ny rt c bn, thuc phn kin thc amin. Hc sinh ch cn bit vit ng phn v
nm c phn ng ca amin vi HNO2 l lm c.
- Amin tc dng vi HNO2 gii phng kh N2 amin bc I.
- Cc cu to tha mn:
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2NH2
CH3 CH2 CH(NH2) CH3
(CH3)2CH CH2NH2
(CH3)3CNH2
Cu 31: p n A
Cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
CrCl2 2NaOH Cr OH 2 2NaCl
0,03
0,06
0,03
2Cr OH 2 H 2O
1
O2 2Cr OH 3
2
Cr OH 3 NaOH NaCrO 2 2H 2O
0,02
0,02
S mol Cr(OH)3 d l 0,01 mol khi lng kt ta thu c l: mCr(OH)3 = 0,01.103 = 1,03(gam).
Li bnh: Cu ny d mc la l Cr(OH)2 tan trong NaOH l sai m Cr(OH)3 mi phn ng c vi
NaOH, ng thi s khng phn ng 2Cr OH 2 + H 2O +
1
O2 2Cr OH 3
2
Cu 38: p n A
Phng trnh phn ng:
3Fe 8HNO3 3Fe NO3 2 2NO 4H 2O
0,03
0,08
Trang 185/305
Cu 40: p n B
Nhn xt: Cu ny tng t khi B -2011
Oxi, nc brom, dung dch thuc tm th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi SO2.
Cu 41: p n D
A. Nhm kim loi khng tc dng vi nc do th in cc chun ca nhm ln hn th in cc
chun ca nc.
Th in cc ca hidro pH = 7 ( EoH2O/H2 = -0,41V ) cao hn th in cc chun ca nhm nn
nhm kh c nc gii phng H2
B. Trong phn ng ca nhm vi dung dch NaOH th NaOH l cht oxi ha.
Trong phn ng ca nhm vi dung dch NaOH th H2O l cht oxi ha
C. Do c tnh kh mnh nn Al tc dng vi cc axit HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 trong mi iu kin.
Nhm khng tc dng HNO3, H2SO4 c ngui.
D. Cc vt dng bng nhm khng b oxi ha v khng tan trong nc do c lp mng oxit bo v.
Cu 42: p n B
Cu hnh phn lp electron ngoi cng l np2n+1. Ta c n 2 v 2n + 1 6. Vy n = 2.
Cu hnh e: 1s22s22p5 R l F.
1. Tng s ht mang in ca nguyn t R l 18: ng
2. S electron c thn trong nguyn t R l 3: Sai v R ch c 1e c thn
3. Oxit cao nht to ra t R l R2O7: Sai v R ch to c oxit R2O
4. NaR tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 to kt ta: Sai v NaF khng to kt ta vi AgNO3.
5. Hp cht kh vi hiro ca R trong dung dch nc c tnh axit mnh: Sai v HF c tnh axit rt yu.
Cu 43: p n B
- th A ng vi lng kt ta tng dn sau khng i nn phi ng vi phn ng:
3NH3 + 3H2O + AlCl3 Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
- th B v C u ng vi lng kt ta tng dn n cc i sau li gim dn nhng th B
lng kt ta tng nhanh hn theo lng cht nn B ng vi phn ng:
HCl + Na[Al(OH)4] NaCl + Al(OH)3 + H2O
3HCl + Al(OH)3 AlCl3 + 3H2O
Li bnh: Cu hi d nhng c lin quan n th nn hc sinh kh xc nh th. Tng t cu
hi trong thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 44: p n D
- H2SO4 c tnh oxi ha mnh nn phn ng gia H2SO4 vi cht xy ra theo kiu oxi ha kh th
cht tham gia phn ng phi c tnh kh ngha l c cha nguyn t cn c kh nng tng mc oxi
ha.
- Cc cht ph hp l: Cu, FeS2, Al4C3, K2S, S, Cu2O, KBr, Fe3O4, Fe(OH)2.
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn phn phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cu 45: p n B
Trang 186/305
n CO2
n hh
2; H 2.
n H2O
n hh
2.
6n-1
C3n H 6n-1O4 N3
H 2O
2
2x
x(6n-1)
3
3
C2n H 4n O3 N 2 2nH 2 O
x
2
nx
nx 0, 045
x 6n 1
0, 085
x 0, 015
n 3
Trang 187/305
P N S 8
5C
6D
1B
2D
3A
4D
7C
8B
9C
10B
11A
12C
13D
14C
15B
16A
17C
18C
19B
20A
21B
22B
23A
24D
25C
26B
27C
28C
29A
30A
31A
32C
33B
34D
35C
36B
37C
38A
39C
40D
41A
42B
43D
44B
45C
46A
47A
48B
49A
50B
200.21,92
= 43,84(gam)
100
1
Fe 2O3 (bo ton Fe) n FeSO4 = 0,4mol
2
0,4.152.100%
= 30,4%
200
Li bnh: Bi tp hay v mui sunfat. Cu hi tng t v hn hp mui nitrat trong thi khi A
2011.
Cu 3: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt v bo v kim loi.
Cu 4: p n D
- p n A sai v toluen v benzen u khng tc dng vi dung dch nc brom.
- p n B sai v C9H14BrCl c bt bo ha = 2 khng th c vng benzen.
- p n C sai v phenol tham gia phn ng th brom d hn benzen.
Cu 5: p n C
dung dch cha hai cht tan th lng Cu ti a s va phn ng ht vi Fe3+, H+ v NO3-.
0,9
0,9
Cu + 2Fe3+ Cu 2+ + 2Fe2+
0,15 0,3
Trang 188/305
n CO2 =
1,5V
(mol)
22,4
2
V
V
.n O2 =
(mol) n X = n H2O n CO2 = a 3
22,4
22,4
m X = mC + m H + mO =
12V
V
V
+ 2a + 16 a = 18a
22,4
5,6
22,4
Cch 2.
- Chn ancol l C2H5OH; m = 46 gam (1mol).
- Phn ng t chy:
C2 H 5OH 3O2 2CO2 3H 2O
1
3
3
a = 2; 1,5V = 3.22,4 V = 33,6 lit.
Th p n thy A tha mn.
Li bnh: Bi tp hay gp. C 2 cch gii: gii tng qut hoc chn cht c th t tm biu thc
thch hp.
Cu 17: p n C
Cc pht biu ng l: b, c, d, e, f.
Cu (a) sai v hidro ha hon ton glucoz to ra sobitol.
Cu 18: p n C
Ta c: 2Z + N - 2 = 80 v N - Z = 4 Z = 26; N = 30.
Li bnh: Bi tp cc d v thnh phn ca nguyn t.
Cu 19: p n B
Gi s c 100 gam phn bn cha 40 gam P2O5 mCa H PO =
2
4
2
234.40
= 65,92 (gam)
142
Trang 190/305
C: n H2SO4 = 84.
17,5%
= 0,15 = n MSO4
98
- Ta c:
Vy a mol X
(6,85 5,2) gam
nX =
6,85 - 5,2
7,2
= 0,6.
16
0,2 8
=
0,075 3
11,76
= 0,3(mol)
22,4
1
1
n X = n O/X = 0,3 = 0,15(mol)
2
2
C=
0,45
= 3 X gm HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3.
0,15
0,15-a
3
O2 CO2 + 2H 2O
2
O2
3
.0,1 + 0,05.3 = 0,3(mol)
2
C + H2O CO + CO2 + H2
(c) Cho kh CO d tc dng vi bt Fe2O3 un nng
(mol )
1000 1000
Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3
Ti B: n OH
3a + b
= 0,061 3
2
n NO 3
= 0,392 (mol).
0,462.63
.100% = 46,2%
63
0,1 n +1 + am = 0,4 2 v
Cu 32: p n C
Gi CTPT ca A l CnH2n+2O2, B l CmH2m+2O
n Ba(HCO3 )2 =
0,3-0,15
= 0,075mol
2
Vy gi tr ca V l: V =
0,225
= 0,15lit .
1,5
Cu 36: p n B
- Gi s mol Al4C3 v CaC2 ln lt l x v y dung dch X cha y mol Ca(AlO2)2; kt ta Y gm
a
(1); Z gm 3x mol CH4 v y mol C2H2.
78
- Phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch X:
3x+2y
2y
Trang 194/305
a
(2).
78
- Gii h (1) v (2) x = y.
2y =
Cu 37: p n C
- Phn I: nAl d = 0,04; n Fe = 0,24
- Phn II: n H2 = 0,04.1,5 + 0,24 .a = 0,9(mol)
a = 3 (a l t l nII : nI).
Hn hp X ban u c 0,48 mol Fe2O3; 1,12 mol Al
m = 107,04 (gam).
Li bnh: Cu ny kh quen thuc v c bn v phn ng nhit nhm.
Cu 38: p n A
Hp cht cha lin kt ion nu hiu m in ca 2 nguyn t tham gia lin kt 1,7.
Li bnh: y l cu hi cc d v phn lin kt ha hc. (chng trnh lp 10)
Cu 39: p n C
Da theo bo ton in tch v bo ton khi lng
x = 0,06; y = 0,03.
Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v dung dch: hc sinh p dng 2 cng c: nh lut bo ton in tch v
bo ton khi lng gii bi tp.
Cu 40: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn halogen v hp cht.
- Cc pht biu ng: (1), (2), (3), (5).
- (4) sai v trong hp cht, F ch c s oxi ha -1.
Cu 41: p n A
a/2
2a
a/4
2NaNO3 2NaNO2 + O2
b
b/2
Trang 195/305
%mNaNO2
0,15.69
0,15.160
30,13% ; %mFe2O3
69,87%
0,15.160 0,15.69
0,15.160 0,15.69
9Fe NO3 2 + 12KHSO4 5Fe NO3 3 + 2Fe2 SO4 3 + 6K2SO4 + 3NO + 6H2O
Li bnh: y l dng cn bng phn ng oxi ha kh cc d, l cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 50: p n B
- Bo ton nguyn t Cl ta c n CaCl2 =
n AgCl
2
=0,2mol
9,6
.22,4 = 6,72 (lit)
32
Li bnh: Bi ton hay v phn ng nhit phn. lm c bi ton ny, hc sinh chi cn p dng
nh lut bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng gii.
Trang 197/305
P N S 9
5C
6A
1B
2C
3A
4C
7A
8B
9D
10A
11A
12B
13A
14A
15C
16D
17A
18A
19B
20C
21B
22A
23B
24A
25B
26B
27C
28B
29A
30D
31C
32B
33A
34D
35D
36C
37C
38B
39A
40B
41C
42D
43A
44D
45D
46B
47B
48D
49A
50C
khng to kt ta.
Li bnh: Cu hi cc d phn nc cng.y l 1 cu cho im ca thi.
Cu 3: p n A
C: n Fe = 0,02(mol); n Cu = 0,03 (mol) ; n H+ = 0,4(mol) ; n NO - = 0,08 (mol)
3
Fe 4H NO3 Fe3 NO 2H 2O
Ban u:
0,02 0, 4
Phn ng:
0,08
Ban u:
Phn ng:
D
0,24
Cho NaOH vo:
H+d + OH- H2O
0,24 0,24
Fe3+ + 3OH- Fe(OH)3
Trang 198/305
0,02 0,06
Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
0,03 0,06
b/4
2c
%mNaCl
0, 4.58,5
.100% 27, 46%
0, 4.58,5 0, 6.103
Cu 7: p n A
Phng trnh phn ng: 2FeO + 4H2SO4c Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 4H2O
Nhn xt: Cu hi thng gp phn phn ng oxi ha kh - Lp 10.
Cu 8: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt tng hp phn hu c.
Cc pht biu ng l: 1, 2, 3, 6, 7.
Cu 9: p n D
Trang 199/305
n O (X) =
1,76 - 0,08(12 + 2)
= 0,04(mol)
16
C: n C :n H :n O = 0,08:0,16:0,04= 4 : 8 : 2 X l C4H8O2.
Cu 11: p n A
iu kin trng hp l c ni i hoc vng km bn. Cht tham gia trng hp l vinyl clorua (cha
ni i).
Li bnh: Cu hi d phn iu ch polime.
Cu 12: p n B
ng phn amin C3H9N:
CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2
CH3-CH(NH2)-CH3
CH3-NH-CH2-CH3
CH3-N(CH3)-CH3
Cu 13: p n A
Cho NaOH vo ba hp kim:
- Hp kim tan hon ton v c kh thot ra l K-Na.
- Hp kim tan c kh thot ra l Fe-Al.
- Hp kim khng tan l Cu-Mg.
K + H2O KOH + 1/2H2
Na + H2O NaOH + 1/2H2
2Al + 2NaOH + 2 H2O 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
Cu 14: p n A
Li bnh:
A. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my c bn cht khc nhau
B. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my ging nhau hon ton Sai v du m ng thc vt
l este ca glixerol v cc axit bo; du bi trn my l cc hidrocacbon th lng
C. du m ng thc vt v du bi trn my ch ging nhau v tnh cht ha hc Sai v bn cht
khc nhau nn tnh cht cng khc nhau
Trang 200/305
0,02V
= 0,01M
2V
pOH = 2 pH = 14 - 2 = 12 .
Cu 17: p n C
A. ng.
B. Sai v nguyn tc chung iu ch kim loi l kh ion kim loi thnh kim loi.
C. Sai v trong n mn in ha, kim loi mnh hn b n mn.
D. Sai v theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn, nhit nng chy ca cc kim loi kim th bin i
khng c quy lut.
Cu 18: p n A
C: n Mg = 0, 03(mol) , n AgNO3 = 0,03(mol) , n Fe(NO3 )2 = 0,02(mol)
Mg 2Ag Mg 2 2Ag
0,015 0,03
0,03
0,01
Fe 2Fe3 3Fe2
0, 005 0, 01
Cht rn l Ag (0,03 mol), Fe (0,005 mol)
11,2
= 0,2(mol)
56
x y 0,3
x 0, 2
65 x 56 y 18, 6
y 0,1
Vy phn trm v khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:
56.0,3
%mFe
.100% 56,37%
29,8
.
Cu 23: p n B
Thy luyn thng c dng iu ch kim loi sau Mg nhng khng c dng iu ch Au.
Li bnh: Cu hi d phn iu ch kim loi.
Cu 24: p n A
Nhn thy 2 este c chung M=74 n hh este =
66,6
= 0,9 (mol) = n ancol
74
1
n H2O = n ancol = 0,45(mol) m = 0,45.18 = 8,1(gam) .
2
Cu 25: p n B
C: n H2 = 0,03(mol)
n hh Ancol = 2.n H2 = 0,06(mol) ; n Ag = 0,18(mol) .
1
CH3OH + Na H 2
2
a
a
2
1
RCH 2 OH + Na H 2
2
b
b
2
4a
2b
Ta c h:
a + b = 0,06
a = b = 0,03
4a + 2b = 0,18
mancolY = 2,76 - 0,03.32 = 1,8(gam) MY 60
Trang 202/305
2025000
=12500.
162
Li bnh: Cu hi rt d phn polime Lp 12 gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
S mt xch =
Cu 29: p n A
mamino axit 11,15 0,1.36,5 7,5
Cu 30: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi d v ng phn este.
Cc ng phn ca C4H8O2:
H COO CH2 CH2 CH3
H COO CH(CH3)2
CH3 COO CH2 CH3
CH3 CH2 COO CH3
Cu 31: p n C
Gi s c 100mol HClO4. Trong 100mol HClO4 c cha 100mol H; 100mol O; 24,23mol
75,77 mol 35Cl.
%m37Cl
37
Cl v
37.24, 23.100
8,92%.
37.24, 23 1.100 16.400 75, 77.35
Li bnh: Cu hi kh kh phn ng v.
Cu 32: p n B
H ,t
(C6H10O5)n + nH2O
nC6H12O6
+
enzim
2C2H5OH + 2CO2
C6H12O6
Cu 33: p n A
Nhn xt: y l cu hi thc nghim c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 34: p n D
Khi cho t t CO2 vo dung dch kim, cc phn ng s xy ra ln lt theo th t sau:
CO2 + OH- HCO3 v HCO3 OH- CO32- + H2O
C: n CO2 =
0,448
= 0,02(mol) ; n OH- = 0,006 + 0,024 = 0,03(mol)
22,4
Trang 203/305
0,014
0,042
0,016
0,024
2+
m .n.F 1,92.2.96500
A.I.t
I= Cu
=
=3(A) .
n.F
A.t
64.1930
Li bnh: y l mt Bi tp d v in phn.
mCu =
Cu 40: p n B
C: ntinh bt =
324
= 2(mol)
162
Trang 204/305
C6 H10O5 C6 H12O6
2
m =180.2.0,75 = 270(gam) .
Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v phn ng thy phn ca cacbohidrat..
Cu 41: p n C
- V X tan c trong dung dch HCl loi Cu (p n B).
- Cho t t NH3 vo dung dch Y thu c kt ta xanh sau kt ta tan Y cha mui Cu
X l CuO.
+NH3
+NH3 du
+HCl
Vi CuO
CuCl2
Cu(OH)2
2y
84 x
106 y .100
3, 211 2 .
mdd
0,75.180.100
192,9 gam.
70
8,32.2
0, 26 2
64
0, 48
4M .
0,12
1,92
= 0,01(mol) n Fe = 0,03(mol) .
(24+56.3)
Cu 46: p n B
Fe tc dng c vi dung dch axit hoc kh c ion kim loi ng sau n trong dy in ha.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v dy in ha v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 47: p n B
Cu hi rt d. Hc sinh ch cn nh cu to ca anilin l lm c.
Cu 48: p n D
Al(OH)3 va tc dng c vi dung dch HCl v tc dng vi dung dch NaOH nn c tnh lng
tnh.
Cu 49: p n A
B mt nc trong cc thng vi: lu ngy s c lp vng mng do c phn ng:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
Li bnh: Cu hi thc t rt n gin.
Cu 50: p n C
Cu hi d v phn loi polime.
T l nhng vt liu polime hnh si di v mnh. T thin nhin c sn trong thin nhin nh bng,
len, t tm.
Trang 206/305
1A
2D
3A
4A
P N S 10
5C
6D
7B
11A
12D
13A
14D
15B
16A
17A
18A
19D
20B
21D
22C
23D
24C
25D
26A
27D
28A
29C
30A
31A
32D
33B
34C
35C
36C
37A
38D
39B
40A
41C
42A
43C
44A
45C
46A
47B
48A
49A
50D
8D
9B
10A
m
H2
2
0,1
Khi t chy 0,1mol X thu c 0,6 mol CO2 nCaCO3 = nCO2 = 0,6 mCaCO3 = 30 gam.
Li bnh : Cu hi khng kh phn amino axit i hi hc sinh phi bit cch lp cng thc tng qut
ca peptit t amino axit. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2010.
Cu 6: p n D
(1): Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c vng benzen v nhm OH: sai v nhm
hiroxyl lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t Cacbon ca vng benzen.
Trang 207/305
(2): Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c cha nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t
cacbon ca vng benzen: ng.
(3): Phenol c dng iu ch dc phm v thuc n: ng.
(4): Phenol tan v hn trong nc lnh: sai v phenol tan t trong nc lnh
(5): Phenol tan v hn trong nc 660C: ng.
(6): Phenol tan c trong etanol: ng.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt n gin v phenol
Cu 7: p n B
Ta c:
n H+ = 0,1.0,1.2 + 0,1.0,2 + 0,1.0,3 = 0,07 (mol)
= 10 To ra ion m ZY = 8
(Y l 8O) ZX = 16 (X l S).
Li bnh : Cu hi kh phn cu to nguyn t. Cu ny i hi hc sinh phi c k nng bin lun
tt.
Cu 10: p n A
Th nghim 1: HCHO 4Ag x = 4a.108
%mN
0,1.14.100
10,526%.
13, 7
Li bnh : Bi ton v phn ng ca amino axit vi dung dch axit v dung dch baz. Cu hi tng
t thi i hc khi B 2013.
Cu 12: p n D
S mol NaOH tham gia phn ng x phng ha l: n NaOH = 0,07 mol
20 gam bo cn 0,07 mol NaOH 1 tn bo cn x mol NaOH x = 3,5.103 mol m = 0,14 tn.
Cu 13: p n A
im chung l Zn v cc kim loi trong mui u c ha tr II. Do t l kim loi phn ng v to
thnh u l 1:1.
- Dung dch Cu(NO3)2 :
Zn + Cu(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Cu
Cu = 64 < Zn = 65 Khi lng l km gim.
- Dung dch Pb(NO3)2:
Zn + Pb(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 + Pb
Pb = 207 > Zn = 65 Khi lng l km tng
Dung dch Zn(NO3)2 khng phn ng khi lng l Zn khng i.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v phn ng thy luyn. Hc sinh cn vn dng phng php tng gim
khi lng.
Cu 14: p n D
- Cc nhm th no lm tng tnh baz ca amin; cng nhiu nhm no v nhm no cng nhiu C th tnh
baz ca amin cng mnh; cc nhm th khng no v thm lm gim tnh baz ca amin A, B, C
ng.
- Khi trn vng benzen c gn thm cc nhm th gy hiu ng ht e nh NO2, CN, SO3H,
COOH Cl, C6H5, ... th tnh baz ca amin thm s b gim i; ngc li cc nhm gy hiu ng
y e nh NH2, OR, R ,... li lm tng tnh baz ca amin thm. Nhm CH3 gy hiu ng y e;
-NO2 gy hiu ng ht e tnh baz ca p CH3C6H4NH2 > p O2NC6H4NH2.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn phn so snh tnh baz ca cc amin.
Cu 15: p n B
Gi s mol mi cht ln lt l x, y, z ta c h phng trnh:
x y z 0, 04
x 0, 02
72 x 60 y 56 z 2, 6 y 0, 01
x y 0, 03
z 0, 01
Cu 16: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp phn phn ng oxi ha kh. Ci kh ca phng trnh l c nhiu s
thay i s oxi ha. cn bng nhanh c th gi nh Cu, Fe trong CuFeS2 c mc oxi ha cao nht
l +2 v +3 CuFeS2-5/2.
Trang 209/305
S 6 2e S 4
2S 5/2 2S 4 13e
mFe
0,075
S cht phn ng dung dch Brom l: Glucoz, C2H2, C2H4, CH2=CH-COOH, phenol, anilin, metyl
xiclopropan.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v phn ng ca cc cht hu c.
Cu 22: p n C
- Alanin, glyxin u cha 1 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH khng lm i mu qu tm.
- Lysin cha 2 nhm NH2 v 1 nhm COOH lm i mu qu tm thnh xanh.
- Axit Glutamic 1 nhm NH2 v 2 nhm COOH lm qu tm ha
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v mi trng ca cc dung dch amino axit.
Cu 23: p n D
X (C6H5OH); Y (C6H5CH2OH); Z (CH2=CHCH2OH).
(1). (X), (Y), (Z) u c nhm OH nn u phn ng vi K.
(2). (X), (Y), (Z) u phn ng vi NaOH Sai: Ancol khng tc dng NaOH.
(3). Ch c (X), (Z) phn ng vi nc brom.
(4). Ch c (X) phn ng vi nc brom Sai v Z khng no nn c th cng Br2
Cu 24: p n C
- Y c mt electron phn lp ngoi cng nn Y c cu hnh l: 1s22s22p63s23p1 Y l Al: Kim loi.
- X cng c e phn lp p v hn km Y hai electron vy X c cu hnh l: 1s 22s22p63s23p3 X l P:
Phi kim.
Li bnh: y l cu hi c bn v cu hnh e v tnh cht c bn ca nguyn t.
Cu 25: p n D
Ta c phng trnh phn ng:
C12H22O11 + H2O G + F
V c glucoz v fructoz u c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3
nAg 2nG 2nF 4nS 0, 4 mAg 43, 2 gam.
phn.
- Cc cht c th lm mm nc cng ton phn gm: Na2CO3, K3PO4.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v nc cng Lp 12. Tuy nhin hc sinh phi xc nh c loi nc
cng da vo s mol ca cc ion ri mi tm cht lm mm nc cng c.
Cu 27: p n D
Cc ng phn C4H9Cl:
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2Cl
CH3 CHCl CH2 CH3
(CH3)2CH CH2Cl
Trang 211/305
(CH3)3CCl
Li bnh: Cu hi d phn ng phn ca dn xut halogen.
Cu 28: p n A
(C5H8O2)n C5nH8nO2n. tn ti este no mch h th 8n = 2.5n + 2 2n 0 = 2 v l.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v iu kin tn ti cht hu c.
Cu 29: p n C
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
mH2 0,3 gam. n H2 0,15 mol
n Ba(OH)2 =
a
a
mol; n HCl =
mol
171
36,5
Cl 2 + 2NaI 2NaCl + I 2
0,1
0,2
0,2
Trang 212/305
0,08
m 19,94 (gam)
Cu 33: p n B
Ta c phng trnh phn ng:
17
0,3
0,3
0,1
34,88
109 R 44 29 R 36
0,32
Trang 213/305
- Khi cho X tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d: nBaCO3 nCO 2 nHCO 0, 2 Trong 200ml dung dch X c
3
nHCl 0,15mol; nCO2 0,12. V nCO2 nHCl 2nCO2 dung dch X cha c KHCO3 (a mol) v
K2CO3 (b mol) v HCl phn ng ht vi CO32- v HCO3 theo phng trnh:
0,15
a b 0, 2
0,12
C4H6 x C3H3 N y
O2 N2 CO2 + N2 + H2O
Theo bi ta c
4x+3y
15,873
x 1
=
=
22x+15,5y 84,127
y 2
Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3
0,1 0,3 0,1
Al (OH )3 OH Al (OH ) 4
0, 04 0, 04
nAl (OH )3 0,1 0,04 0,06mol
Ti A: nAl (OH )3 0, 06mol nOH 0,18mol V
n
0,18
0,36l 360ml
CM
0,5
Cu 50: p n D
Hp cht A tc dng c vi K, AgNO3/NH3 Loi A, C.
Khi cho A tc dng vi H2/Ni, t0 to ra ancol ha tan c Cu(OH)2 to ra dung dch mu xanh lam
to ra hai nhm ancol lin k A l CH3CH(OH)CHO.
Trang 216/305
1D
2B
3A
4D
P N S 11
5B
6B
7C
11B
12C
13A
14B
15B
16C
17C
18A
19C
20C
21B
22C
23D
24B
25A
26C
27C
28B
29C
30A
31A
32D
33A
34A
35A
36D
37B
38B
39C
40B
41A
42A
43B
44D
45A
46B
47C
48D
49B
50A
8C
9C
10A
C2 C4 2e
1
1
.3.n Fe3O4 = 2.0,22 + .3.0,16 = 0,6.
3
3
gim khi lng dung dch Ca(OH)2 l: m = mCaCO3 mCO2 mH2O = 36 (gam)
Li bnh: Bi ton v hn hp cht hu c i hi HS bit tm ra im ging nhau gia cc cht.
Cu 3: p n A
- Da vo cu hnh e lp ngoi cng thy: X, Y, G ln lt thuc nhm IIIA, VA v VIIA ca cng
chu k.
- Trong chu k, theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn, tnh phi kim tng dn; bn knh nguyn t
gim dn, m in tng dn, nng lng ion ha tng dn.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v phn cu hnh e v so snh tnh cht ca cc nguyn t.
Cu 4: p n D
Nhn xt: Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A v B
2014.
Cu 5: p n B
Trang 217/305
Cu 10: p n A
- S mol cc cht: n Fe 0, 2 mol nu Fe tan ht th: 0,6 n e
cho
0,4
4H 3e NO3 NO 2H 2O
0,6
0
0, 2
0, 45
0,15 0,15
Cu 11: p n B
- CH3OH khng c phn ng to anken; 2 ng phn ca C3H7OH tch nc ch to c anken C3H6
duy nht.
- T 3 ancol, s ng phn ete thu c l:
3.(3 1)
6
2
1000.2.31.77,5.80
= 124 (gam)
100.100.310
1
H2
2
3
H2
2
Cc trng hp l O2; HNO3; H2SO4 c nng v AgNO3 to hp cht st (II) hay (III) ty thuc vo
t l s mol; iu kin
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v tnh cht ca st.
Cu 17: p n C
- S mol cc cht: nX 0,08; nH2 0, 2; nY 0, 25.
- V phn ng xy ra hon ton nH 2 phn ng 0, 2 0,08 0, 25 0,03mol H2 d
phn ng
n=
0,15
= 3 CTPT ca X l C3H6O.
0,05
1
s mol Ag = 0,03 mol
2
0,03
= 60%
0,05
n H+ =0,04 mol
catot:
anot:
Cu 2+ + 2e Cu
2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
x
2x
2H 2O 4H + + 4e + O2
0,04
0,04
0,01
Bo ton e:
n Cu2+ = 0,03mol m = 0,03.160 + 0,01.58,5.2 = 5,97 (gam)
Cu 20: p n C
0,15mol hn hp X gm cc kh CH4, C2H2 v H2. nX 0,15; M X 20 mX 3 gam mY.
nZ 0,035; M Z 26 mZ = 0,91 gam khi lng bnh ng Br2 tng l:
m mX mZ 2,09 (gam).
Cu 21: p n B
- S mol e m m gam cc kim loi Al, Mg c th cho l: ne = 2nkh = 0,6 mol.
- Khi cho Mg, Al tc dng vi cc dung dch mui th Ag+ phn ng trc, sau n Cu2+:
Ag 1e Ag
0, 4 0, 4
Cu 2 2e Cu
0,1
0, 2
0,59
= 59
0,01
S phn ng l 5.
Li bnh: y l cu hi rt hay phn ng phn v tnh cht ca cc cht hu c.
Cu 36: p n D
Zn(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, Ag2O u tan ht trong dung dch NH3 to thnh dung dch phc.
Cu 37: p n B
CTPT ca ankan l CnH2n+2, c tng s e ha tr l 6n + 2 c s lin kt l 3n + 1 = 19 n = 6
Khi C6H14 tc dng vi Cl2/as to thnh 4 loi dn xut monoclo th c CTCT l
CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3 s nguyn t C bc 1 l 3 (u nhm CH3)
Li bnh : y l 1 cu hi hay v ankan..
Cu 38: p n B
Cu hi v tnh cht v phn ng iu ch cht hu c.
C2H2 C2H4 CH3CHO CH3COOH.
C2H2 CH3CHO CH3COONH4 CH3COOH.
C2H2 CH3COOCH = CH2 CH3CHO CH3COOH.
Cu 39: p n C
- Nu trn vng benzen c nhm th y e, kh nng phn ng th d hn benzen.
- Nu trn vng benzen c nhm th ht e, kh nng phn ng th trn vng benzen gim.
Cu 40: p n B
400c, ankadien lin hp c phn ng cng kiu 1,2 v to ra sn phm chnh theo quy tc ngc
Maccopnhicop.
Li bnh: y l cu hi kh v phn cng hidrocacbon. Cc em hc sinh cn lu theo qui tc
ngc Maccopnhicop.
Cu 41: p n A
- Cc cht: Na2CO3, NaOH v CH3COOH u c tnh baz.
- Tnh baz cng mnh: CH3COO- < CO32- < OH- pH cng ln.
Cu 42: p n A
Ta c n Na 2CO3 = n CO2 = n H2O = 0,01(mol) . Bo ton khi lng ta thu c lng mui l 1,92 gam.
Trang 223/305
OH
Cu 46: p n B
MX = 113. Vy X l C3H6Cl2.
X c 4 CTCT l 1,1- iclopropan; 1,2- iclopropan; 1,3- iclopropan; 2,2- iclopropan
Cu 47: p n C
Nhn xt: y l cu hi kh v phn so snh tnh axit hu c..
Gc ht e lm tng tnh axit.
Cu 48: p n D
X: Cl2; Y: H2S; Z : SO2; G: NH3
Cu 49: p n B
(C6H10O5)n nC6H12O6 2nC2H5OH 2nCH3COOH 2nCH3COOC2H5
- c 1mol CH3COOC2H5 cn 2 mol CH3COOH v 2 mol C2H5OH.
- c 2 mol CH3COOH cn 4 mol C2H5OH.
Tng s mol C2H5OH cn dng l: 6 mol.
s mol C6H12O6 cn dng l:
1 100
.6.
= 6(mol)
2 50
1 100 12
.6.
=
(mol)
n
50
n
Trang 224/305
12
.162n = 1944(gam)
n
6,272
8
= 0,28 (mol) .
= 0,2 mol ; n H2 =
40
22,4
- Cc phn ng:
Hg ,H
to
2+
CH C CH3 + H2O
Hg ,H
to
2+
CH C CH3 + H2O
C2H5CHO (ph)
(CH3)2CO (chnh)
CH3 2 CO
Ni ,t
H 2
CH3 2 CHOH
0
Ni ,t
CH C CH3 2H 2
C3 H8
0
y .
%propin =
0,04.100
= 20%
0, 2
Trang 225/305
1B
2A
3B
4D
P N S 12
5A
6B
7A
11B
12C
13B
14C
15D
16A
17D
18D
19A
20A
21D
22A
23B
24A
25B
26C
27A
28C
29D
30B
31C
32B
33B
34D
35A
36B
37C
38A
39B
40B
41C
42B
43B
44D
45A
46C
47A
48A
49D
50A
8D
9C
10A
0, 01.25
0, 0025mol
100
- n Ag 2n C6 2n mantozo du 0,083mol.
Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v phn ng thy phn v trng bc ca cacbohidrat. Hc sinh cn ch
n phn ng trng bc ca mantoz d. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2012.
Cu 2: p n A
- S mol cc cht: n AgNO3 0, 4mol; n Zn 0, 25mol ne (Zn nhng) = 0,5 > ne (Ag+ nhn) = 0,4
Ag+ v Cu2+ trong Y phn ng ht; Zn d.
- Cc phn ng c th xy ra:
Cu 2Ag Cu 2 2Ag
x
2x
2x mol
Zn 2Ag Zn 2 2Ag
0, 4
2x
Zn Cu 2 Zn 2 Cu
x
C2,5 H 4 2,5CO2 2H 2O
0,15
0,375
0,3
C2,5H4 2,5CO2 + 2H2O
0,15
0,375
0,3
m1 m2
n1 M 2
n2 M1
Cu 11: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt v nhm halogen.
B sai v HF c tnh axit yu hn HCl.
Li bnh:
Cu 12: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v ozon.
Trang 227/305
Cu 13: p n B
- S mol cc cht: n Cr2O3 0, 2mol; n H2 0,55mol 2n Cr2O3 trong X c Al d.
- Cc phn ng:
0,1
0,15
3OH
0, 4x 0,8y 1, 2x 2, 4y
Al OH 3
0, 4x 0,8y 0,108 0, 4x
Al OH 3
0, 4x
OH
0,8y
AlO2 2H 2O
0,8y 0,108
= 0,0002mol/lit.s.
Cu 17: p n D
mN = 11,864%.70,8 nN = 0,6mol = nNO3 mNO3 = 37,2 gam mkim loi = 70,8 37,2 = 33,6 gam.
Li bnh: Cu hi hay c lin quan n mui nitrat.
Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi B 2011.
Cu 18: p n D
Trang 228/305
b
2,17
0, 0775 a b 0,155 1 .
2
28
mete n ancol mH2O 32a 46b 0,0775.18 4,615 32a 46b 6,01 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) a 0,08; y 0,075
HC1
0, 08.100
0, 075.100
80%; H C2
50%.
0,1
0,15
0,1
0,1
Zn FeSO4 ZnSO4 Fe
x
x mol
6,5 65x 56x 7,85 x 0,15 m 0,1 0,15 .65 16, 25 gam.
Cu 21: p n D
- Cng thc cc cht: vinyl acrylat C5H6O2; etyl axetat C4H8O2 v metyl propionat C4H8O2.
- Gi s hn hp X c x mol C5H6O2 v y mol C4H8O2
98x 88y 36, 2; 3x 4y
27
1,5
18
0,1.100
25%.
0, 4
0, 05
0, 05
0,1
n KOH 0, 2 0,1x x 2.
Li bnh: Bi ton CO2 tc dng vi dung dch kim tng t thi khi B 2011.
Ch : Lng K2CO3 gm c K2CO3 ban u v K2CO3 sinh ra sau phn ng CO2 v kim
Cu 27: p n A
Cu hi d v cng thc tng qut ca cht hu c.
Trang 230/305
Cng thc thc nghim ca hidrocacbon l (CnH2n+1)m hay CnmH2nm + m. V H > 2C hidrocacbon ch
c th l ankan.
Cu 28: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt n gin v tn gi ca ankan. Hc sinh ch cn nh mch chnh c nh s t tri
sang phi.
Cu 29: p n D
- Trong 11,64 gam hn hp X c 0,03mol Cu v 0,09mol Ag.
0, 02
0, 02
0,12
0, 03
0,03
n NO 0,05mol.
4NO 3O2 2H 2 O 4HNO3
0, 05
0,1
1, 625
65.
0, 025
1 34,56
.
0, 08mol n X m 0, 08.89 7,12 gam.
4 108
Cu 33: p n B
- Phn ng chy: C
2n H2O
nM
n CO2
nM
3 ankin l C3H4;
Ti A:
K Al OH 4 HCl Al OH 3 NaCl H 2O
0, 02mol 0, 02mol
nHCl 0,02mol V 0, 2l 200ml
Ti B: Lng kt ta ti A v B l nh nhau nAl (OH )3 0,02mol
K Al OH 4 HCl Al OH 3 NaCl H 2O
0, 04
0, 04 0, 04
Al OH 3 3HCl AlCl3 3H 2O
0,02
0,06
0, 02
0, 015
H OH H 2 O
0,12
0,12
Al 3OH Al OH 3
3
Al3 3OH Al OH 3
0, 02
Al
0, 06
4OH AlO 2 2H 2O
0, 01 0, 04
0,02 0,06
Al3+ + 4OH- AlO2- + 2H2O
0,01 0,04
z = 0,02 + 0,01 = 0,03. Thay vo (1) t = 0,17.
Ch : Kt ta sinh ra gm BaSO4 v Al(OH)3; Al(OH)3 c tnh lng tnh nn tan trong dung dch
KOH
Cu 43: p n B
- 100 mol H3BO3 c m = 6181 gam.
- Gi s trong 100 mol B c x mol 10B v (100 x) mol 11B
Trang 233/305
891.100
14, 42%.
6181
810.232.100.100
1521,87 tn
56.3.75.98
Cu 47: p n A
Cu hi d phn tng hp hu c.
Cc cht c phn ng trng bc gm: HCHO, HCOOH, HCOOCH3.
Cu 48: p n A
Cu hi l thuyt tng hp v cc cht v c.
Cc phng trnh phn ng to n cht gm:
2H 2S SO2 3S 2H 2O
Na 2S2 O3 H 2SO4 Na 2SO4 SO2 S H 2O
SiO 2 2Mg 2MgO Si
2Ag O3 Ag 2O O 2
Cu 49: p n D
- MX = 44,8; MY = 49,2.
- Gi cng thc chung ca 2 amin l CnH2n+3N. V MY = 49,2 n = 2,3. Gi s c 1mol Y V1 =
22,4.
8, 4mol
C2,3H7,6N + 8,4O 2,3CO2 + 3,8H2O
1mol
8,4mol
mO 134, 4 n X 3 V2 67, 2 V1 : V2 1: 3.
Bi 50: p n A
Cu hi quen thuc v phn phn ng oxi ha kh.
Cn bng: C6H5CH3 + 2KMnO4 C6H5COOK + 2MnO2 + KOH + H2O.
Trang 234/305
1D
2A
3C
4A
P N S 13
5A
6D
7C
11D
12C
13A
14B
15C
16A
17B
18A
19B
20B
21A
22A
23D
24A
25D
26B
27A
28D
29A
30B
31A
32A
33B
34D
35C
36D
37A
38D
39B
40C
41C
42C
43D
44D
45D
46C
47A
48B
49B
50C
8B
9C
10B
21-11,2
) = 0,875 (mol)
22,4
11,2
22,4
= 0,25 (mol)
1,5
0,875 n (Y+Z) =
C(Y+Z) <
0,5
C CH3-NH2 (Y).
0,25
Cu 5: p n A
- Phn t amoniac c cng thc NH3.
- C 2 hng chn N (v N c 2 ng v).
- Cc hng chn H:
+ Nu cc nguyn t H trong NH3 u ging nhau: c 3 hng chn.
+ Nu cc nguyn t H trong NH3 u khc nhau: c 1 hng chn.
+ Nu c 2 nguyn t H trong NH3 ging nhau v khc vi nguyn t cn li: 6 hng chn.
C 10 hng khc nhau chn H c 10.2 = 20 kiu phn t NH3.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v phn ng v.
Trang 235/305
Cu 6: p n D
Cng thc chung ca hn hp l: Cn H2n-2O2 . Gi: n H2O = x n hh = n CO2 - n H2O = 0,18 - x
Bo ton khi lng ta c: 3,42 =120,18 + 2x + 162(0,18-x) x = 0,15
mX - mdd Ca(OH)2 = (mCO2 + mH2O ) - m = (440,18 + 180,15) - 18 = -7,38 (gam)
28,7.32 44.106,25
= 15,75 gam
22,4
100
21,5
= 49,14 RCHO l anehit no, n chc.
0,4375
106,25 15,75
= 0,1875 mol
100
18
Trang 236/305
165-150
=100 .
0,15
- n NaOH 0,3mol 2n este v phn ng x phng ha este xy ra hon ton nn c 2 trng hp:
1. Nu este n chc este l C5H8O2 (RCOOR).
Cht rn gm 0,15mol RCOONa v 015mol NaOH d R = 41 (C3H5)
Cng thc cu to ca este l:
CH2 = CH CH2 COO CH3
CH3 CH = CH COO CH3 (c ng phn hnh hc)
CH2 = C(CH3) COO CH3
2. Nu este 2 chc CTPT ca este l C3O4 loi.
Li bnh: Bi tp hay v phn ng x phng ha v ng phn ca este.
Cu 13: p n A
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 14: p n B
Cu hi thc t.
Cu 15: p n C
- Cc phn t: C2H2, CO2, BF3 i xng khng phn cc.
- m in ca O ln hn N nn phn t H2O phn cc hn so vi NH3.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh phn lin kt ha hc v i hi hc sinh bit c dng hnh hc ca cc phn
t.
Cu 16: p n A
Gi X: (NH2)bR(COOH)a MX = R + 16b + 45a.
- Mui to thnh khi tc dng vi HCl: (ClNH3)bR(COOH)a Mmui amoni = MX + 36,5b = 169,5 (I).
- Mui to thnh khi tc dng vi NaOH: (NH2)bR(COONa)a Mcacboxylat = MX + 22a = 177 (II).
a = 2
M X = 133 R=27: C2 H3
T (I), (II) 7,5 = 22a 36,5b
b = 1
Vy CTPT ca X l: C4H7NO4
Cu 17: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt v cc hp cht hu c.
A. Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam
Sai v: Ancol c t nht hai nhm OH cnh nhau mi phn ng vi Cu(OH)2
B. Etylamin phn ng vi axit nitr nhit thng, sinh ra bt kh.
C. Benzen lm mt mu nc brom nhit thng
Sai v: Benzen khng phn ng nc brom nhit thng
D. Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui iazoni.
Sai v: Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng, thu c mui phenol; mun thu c mui
Trang 237/305
(M X 162 42n)
0, 08
M X 162 42n 123n n 2
n
Vy cng thc ca X l [C6H7O2(OOC-CH3)2OH]n.
n CH3COOH 0, 08 n X
0,55.24
%m Mg
100% 77, 74%
16,98
BTKL : 24x 27y 16,98 x 0,55
BTe : 2x 3y 1,52
y 0,14 %m 0,14.27 100% 22, 26%
Al
16,98
Li bnh: Bi tp thng gp v kim loi.
Cu 22: p n A
Cu hi d phn ng phn ca aren.
Cc CT c th c ca X l
Trang 238/305
Cu 23: p n D
Gm 3 cht: metylamin (2); lysin (5); H2N-CH2COONa (6).
Cu 24: p n A
Cu hi hay v cht bo.
kX 3 2 5 nX
n CO2 n H2O
kX 1
bc
b c 4a
5 1
H 2SO4
to
ZnS : 0, 4 mol
H 2S (0, 6 mol)
Zn : 0, 4 mol
S : du
S : du
0, 6.160
10%
n CuSO4 0, 6 mol Vdd CuSO4
800 ml
1, 2
Cu 26: p n B
Cu hi d v s chuyn ha ca cc cht hu c.
+H2 O
+C2 H2
men giam
men ruou
(C6 H10O5 )n
C6 H12O6
C2 H5OH
CH3COOH
CH3COOCH = CH 2
H+ , t o
Cu 27: p n A
MX
14
75 X : NH 2 -CH 2 -COOH (Gly)
18, 667%
0,945
Gly-Gly-Gly
:
mol
189
+H 2 O
m (gam)
Gly-Gly :
mol
xt, t o
132
(Q 246) Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly : x mol
3, 75
Gly : 75 mol
0,945 4, 62 3, 75
189 3 132 2 75 1
BT(Gly) m
(189 246) 8,389 (gam).
3 4
Cu 29: p n A
Ti A: nH 0, 2.0,1 0,02mol
K Al OH 4 HCl Al OH 3 NaCl H 2O
0, 02 0, 02
K Al OH 4 HCl Al OH 3 NaCl H 2O
a
Al OH 3 3HCl AlCl3 3H 2O
0,1-a
3
0,1-a
0,1 a
0, 02 a 0, 04
3
0, 04
0, 2 M
0.2
Cu 30: p n B
Cu hi n gin v cng thc tng qut ca cc cht hu c.
Anehit no, mch h, 2 chc c 2 lin kt C=O (nm trong nhm chc) v 2 O.
Cu 31: p n A
Cu hi hay gp v phn loi polime theo phn ng tng hp.
C 4 cht polime trng ngng l: (4) PPF; (7) nilon-7; (8) poli(etylen-terephtalat); (13) keo dn urefomanehit.
Cu 32: p n A
Gly :
Ala :
Val :
22,5
mol
75
17,8
xt, t o
mol
Tripeptit H 2O
89
11, 7
mol
117
Fe3+ : 0, 03 mol
2+
H + : 0,4 mol
Fe : 0, 03 mol
Na + : 0,07 mol
+
0, 2 lit 200ml
VBa(OH)2
4H+ NO3 3e NO 2H 2O
1
Cu : 0, 03 mol
0,28 0,07 0,21
H : 0,12 mol
Na + : 0, 07 mol
SO 24 : 0, 2 mol
Trang 240/305
Li bnh: Dng bi tp quen thuc: kim loi + NO3- + H+ . Cn lu v trong hn hp kim loi bi cho
c Fe.
Cu 35: p n C
- Cng thc cc cht: axit metacrylic C4H6O2; axit adipic C6H10O4; axit axetic C2H4O2; glixerol
C3H8O3. V s mol axit axetic v axit metacrylic bng nhau nn thay 2 cht ny bng cht mi c cng
thc C3H5O2.
- Gi s mol cc cht: C6H10O4; C3H5O2 v C3H8O3 c trong 13,36 gam hn hp ln lt l x, y v z
2CO2 Ba OH 2 Ba HCO3 2
5, 6 4
4
0,1
nZ
mol M Z
40 H
100% 80%
16
0,1
4
32
Li bnh: Cu hi hay v phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton ca ancol i hi hc sinh phi bit cch
bin lun.
Cu 38: p n D
Dng cu hi hay gp v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.
Gm 5 cht: Al, NaHCO3, (NH4)2CO3, Al2O3, Zn.
Cu 39: p n B
Cu hi thng gp v so snh nhit si.
Nhit si: amin < ancol < axit (3), (2) < (1) < (4).
Mt khc, nhit si ph thuc khi lng phn t (3) < (2).
Trang 241/305
Cu 40: p n C
Ca 2+ : x mol
+
Na : y mol
X
HCO3 : z mol
Cl : 0,1 mol
NaOH du
CaCO3 : 0, 04 mol min(x,z)
x 0, 04
y 0, 08
z 0, 06
Ca(OH) du
2
CaCO3 : 0, 06 mol z
Ca 2+ : 0,04 mol
+
Na : 0,08 mol
un si X n cn Rn khan 2
8, 79 gam
CO3 : 0,03 mol
Cl : 0,1 mol
Cu 41: p n C
Cu hi thng gp v phn ng x phng ha ca este.
Gm 5 cht: benzyl axetat, metyl fomat, anlyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, triolein.
Cu 42: p n C
Cu hi rt hay gp v phn ng ca xenluloz vi HNO3 c trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm.
o
H2SO4 , t
[C6 H 7 O2 (OH)3 ] + 3HNO3
[C6 H 7O 2 (ONO 2 )3 ] + 3H 2O
H 85%
H 85%
641,7kg
748,7kg
1000 kg
Cu 43: p n D
Cu hi phn loi polime theo cu trc thng gp Lp 12.
- C 3 polime c mch khng phn nhnh: poli(ure-fomanehit) (3); thy tinh hu c (5); PVC (7).
- C 2 polime c mch phn nhnh: amilopectin (2); glicogen (6).
- C 2 polime c mch mng khng gian: bakelit (1); cao su lu ha (4).
Cu 44: p n D
Cc yu t c th lm cn bng ni chung b chuyn dch: nhit , p sut, nng .
- Theo chiu thun, CBHH c s mol kh gim Cn tng p sut chung.
- CBHH ta nhit (H < 0) Cn gim nhit ca h.
Li bnh: Cu hi hay gp v chuyn dch cn bng ha hc.
Cu 45: p n D
Cu hi hay gp v phn ng ca hidrocacbon khng no vi H2.
Bo ton khi lng ta c: mhh kh = mY = mbnh Br2 tng + mZ
0, 448
Cu 46: p n C
Cu hi d v ng phn ca amino axit.
Cu 47: p n A
n P 150mol n H3PO4 (bo ton P nu H l 100%)
Trang 242/305
n H3PO4
(thc t)
= =
150.80
120
120mol V
60 lit.
100
2
Cu 48: p n B
Cu hi thng gp v phn tng hp hu c.
Gm 3 cht: glucoz, mantoz, axit fomic.
Cu 49: p n B
Cu 50: p n C
Cu hi d phn tng hp polime.
688
86
H
100% 80%
10
Trang 243/305
1A
2C
3D
4A
P N S 14
5D
6D
7A
11A
12A
13A
14B
15B
16D
17B
18D
19D
20B
21B
22D
23C
24C
25C
26A
27A
28C
29C
30A
31D
32A
33A
34A
35B
36C
37A
38D
39C
40C
41D
42A
43A
44C
45C
46C
47D
48D
49B
50A
8C
9C
10B
1,9.0,85
mol H2O.
a
3,23
a
3,23
Cu 2: p n C
Khi tng nhit : T khi hn hp kh so vi H2 tng, c khi lng kh khng i s mol kh gim
cn bng chuyn dch theo chiu thun. Mt khc khi tng nhit th cn bng chuyn dch v
pha thu nhit phn ng thun thu nhit.
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v cn bng ha hc.
Kin thc cn nh:
1) nh hng ca nng :
Khi tng nng ca cht A th cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm gim nng ca cht A v
ngc li.
2) nh hng ca p sut:
Khi tng p sut chung ca h th cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm gim p sut tc l lm gim s
phn t kh.
Ch : Khi h cn bng c s mol kh 2 v ca phng trnh ha hc bng nhau hoc trong h
khng c cht kh th vic tng hoc gim p chung khng lm cho cn bng chuyn dch.
3) nh hng ca nhit :
- Khi tng nhit ca h th cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm gim nhit , ngha l cn bng
chuyn dch v pha thu nhit.
- Khi gim nhit , cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm tng nhit , ngha l cn bng chuyn dch
v pha ta nhit.
4) Vai tr ca xc tc
Cht xc tc lm cho cn bng c thit lp nhanh chng hn, khng lm cn bng chuyn dch khi
h cn bng
Cu 3: p n D
X c ha tr cao nht trong oxit bng ha tr trong hp cht kh vi H vy X c ha tr 4 Oxit cao
nht ca X l XO2.
Trang 244/305
C:
MX
.100% = 46,667% MX = 28
M X +32
X l Si.
Cu 4: p n A
Th tch ca 1mol tinh th Zn: V =
4 3
100
.pr .6,023.1023 .
,
3
72,5
vi r = 1,38 A = 1,38.10-8 cm
Thay vo cng thc tnh khi lng ring: D =
m
, vi m = 65 gam D = 7,11(g/cm3 )
V
x + y = 0,2
T (1) v (2)
x + z = 0,3
NO3 4H 3e NO 2H 2O
4z
12x
n Ba 2+
= a = 0,2 b = 0,3.
Cu 13: p n A
Cu hi v mi quan h chuyn ha gia cc cht hu c.
Cht hu c: A3 (axetilen), A4 (vinylaxetilen), A5 (butaien), cao su buna.
CaCO3 CaO CaC2 CH CH C C-C=C C=C-C=C cao su buna
Cu 14: p n B
Trang 246/305
K
m = 0,16 . 39 = 6,24 (gam).
Cu 15: p n B
Al3+
5x-2y
Al
1
M Ca Ca to nhiu H2 hn.
2
Cu 19:p n D
Cho t t HCl vo NaAlO2 ban u c kt ta Al(OH)3 sau kt ta tan
Cho t t NH3 vo ZnSO4 ban u c kt ta Zn(OH)2 sau kt ta tan
Cho t t CO2 vo Ca(OH)2 ban u c kt ta CaCO3 sau kt ta tan
Cho t t SO2 vo H2S xut hin kt ta, lng kt ta ln dn
SO2 + H2S S + 2H2O
Cu 20:p n B
Dng bo ton e ta c: n Fe2+ + n Cl- = 5n MnO4
0,1 + 0,1.2 = 5.0,5.V V = 0,12 (lit)
Phn ng quen thuc ca mui st (II) vi dung dch KMnO4. Hc sinh cn lu Cl cng ng vai
tr cht kh.
Cu 21: p n B
Cc cu to tha mn:
CH3 2 C
CH CH CH2
.
Cho Ba(HCO3)2 vo X th kt ta thu c gm BaSO4 (0,1mol) v BaCO3 (0,2mol)
Vy khi lng kt ta l: m = 0,1.233 + 0,2.197 = 62,7 (gam) .
Cu 24: p n C
Cu hi d v s chuyn ha gia Fe v hp cht ca st.
Cu 25: p n C
Cc phn ng to ra hidrocacbon: (1); (2); (3); (4); (6).
Al4 C3 + H 2 O Al(OH)3 + CH 4
CaC2 + HCl C2 H 2 + CaCl 2
CaO
CH3COONa + NaOH
CH 4 + Na 2CO3
2SO4 ,t
C2 H 5OH H
CH 2 =CH 2
Cu 26: p n A
X thy phn c trong nc nng X l dn xut loi anlyl. Thy phn X ancol Y. Oxi ha Y
thu c Z khng c phn ng trng gng Z l xeton Y l ancol bc II.
Cc cng thc cu to ca X:
1
VH O
2 2
C 1,2 3
=
=
H 3,2 8
Cu 31:p n D
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
V kh c kh nng lm hng phenolphtalein kh c to c dung dch c tnh baz.
Cu 32: p n A
t s mol ca CxHyCOOH, CxHyCOOCH3 v CH3OH ln lt l a, b v c mol
a b 0, 03
ac
b c 0, 03
2,76 gam hn hp X c n C = n CO2 = 0,12; n H = 2n H2O = 0,1.2 = 0,2
60 x 60 y 108 z 28,8
x y z
2 2 2 0, 2
z = 0,1.
Li bnh: Bi tp d v phn ng ca hn hp cht hu c vi Na.
Cht tc dng vi Na : nhng cht c nhm -OH (ancol, phenol, axit, nc)
Cu 34: p n A
- Sn phm hp nc ca propen: CH3 - CH2 - CH2OH (x mol);
CH3 - CHOH - CH3 (y mol) c M = 60.
- MX = 46 ancol cn li l CH3OH (z mol).
- mng s gim = mO (CuO) nCuO pu 0, 2 n X x y z 0, 2 1
Trang 249/305
n Ag 2x 4z 0, 45 2 .
mX 60x 60y 32z 46.0, 2 9, 2 3 .
T (1), (2), (3) x = 0,025 mol, y = 0,075 mol, z = 0,1 mol.
Cu 35: p n B
- Dng dung dch CuSO4 nhn ra dung dch NaOH do to Cu(OH)2.
- Dng Cu(OH)2 nhn bit cc dung dch cn li:
+ Vi glixerol to ra dung dch mu xanh lam.
+ Glucoz to ra dung dch xanh, un nng li c kt ta gch.
+ Lng trng trng to c dung dch mu tm.
+ HCOOH to c dung dch xanh, un nng li c kt ta gch.
+ CH3COOH ch to c dung dch mu xanh.
Cu 36:p n C
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn ng thy phn ca este trong mi trng axit.
Cu 37:p n A
- uy i hn hp thnh: Fe (x mol) v O2 (y mol) 56x 32y 32, 4
- p dng bo ton electron ta c: 3x 0,15.1 0,1.3 4y 0, 45 4y
x 0, 45; y 0, 225.
CuSO 4 + H 2O Cu + H 2SO 4 + 1 O 2
2
2F2 + 2H 2 O O 2 + 4HF
Ba(NO3 ) 2 Ba(NO 2 ) 2 + 1 O 2
2
2KI + H 2 O + O3 I 2 + 2KOH + O2
dpnc
4NaOH
4Na + O 2 + 2H 2 O
0,8
5,4 < mAl < 7,2(gam) Chn C
3
Trang 251/305
13
n CuFeS2 = 0,425mol V = 9,52lit .
2
Cu 49: p n B
9 0,3.2
- X phn ng vi H2: nH 2 = 3nX = 3nancol X c 3 lin kt v M X
84
0,1
- Nu X l RCHO MR = 55 (C4H7) X l C4H7CHO loi v ch c 2.
- Nu X l R(CHO)2 MR = 26 (C2H2) X l C2H2(CHO)2 nhn v c 3
0, 02
Ti B: nNaHSO4 0,1a(mol )
0, 02
0,04
0,04
0,04
Trang 252/305
P N S 15
1D
2D
3D
4A
5B
6D
7A
8D
9C
10C
11A
12C
13D
14B
15D
16B
17A
18A
19D
20A
21B
22B
23C
24C
25C
26D
27B
28B
29B
30A
31C
32D
33B
34B
35B
36A
37A
38D
39B
40B
41C
42D
43D
44D
45D
46A
47C
48C
49D
50D
5,18
= 37 kh cn li l N2O.
0,14
x 0, 042(mol)
y 0,322(mol)
%mAl
0, 042.27
12,8%
8,862
.
005
2OH
0,1
CO2
CO3
0,15
0,15
CO 32
H 2O
0, 05
2HCO3
H 2O
BaCO3
0, 06
BaO
CO2
0, 06
2 0,35 0, 2
0,1mol
3
Fe 2HCl FeCl2 H 2
Fe 2FeCl3 3FeCl2
Fe 2AgNO3 Fe NO3 2 2Ag
0,02
0,02
0,04
0,02
0,02
0,35
Cu 11: p n A
n NO 0,12mol; n Fe 0,15mol.
V NO l sn phm kh duy nht nn khng to NH4NO3.
Cn H 2n 12O6
nCO2
na
n 6 H 2O
a(n 6)
nCO2 nH 2O
nCO2 6a b V = 22,4 6a + b
6
Li bnh: Bi ton hay v cht bo.
Ta c: nX =
Cu 13: p n D
nA = 0,09. Sau phn ng thu c phn hi c cha cht hu c bc 3 nn A khng th cha nhm
COO nn trong A phi cha gc mui nitrat. CTPT ca A l: [(CH3)3NH]NO3
CH 3 3 NHNO3
KOH
0,09
0,09
CH 3 3 N
0,09
KNO3 H 2O
0,09
Ta c:
9x+6y=2,4
y=0,1
Cn H 2nOn n O2 nCO2 nH 2O
0,2
0,2
m 20 (gam) .
nNaAlO2 0,04mol
Trang 256/305
Khi V = b (ml) th kt ta t cc i
NaAlO2 HCl H 2O Al OH 3 NaCl
0, 04 0, 04
n
0,04
0, 4M
CM
0,1
0, 04
Al OH 3 3HCl AlCl3 3H 2O
0, 04
HCl
0,12
0,16mol V
n
0,16
1, 6M
CM
0,1
Cu 25: p n C
C2 H3 .
Cu 31: p n C
x y 0, 03
x=0,02
y=0,01 m 3, 3 gam .
Ta c: 3x 2y 0, 08
nK OH 0, 33 mol.
Al OH 3
Al 3 3OH
0,11 0,33
0,11
nK OH 0, 45 mol.
Al 3 3OH
x
Al OH 3
3x
Al OH OH
3
x-0,11
AlO2 2H 2O
x-0,11
Cu 38: p n D
Tng khi lng sau phn ng l: 56,8 + 0,8a. p dng bo ton khi lng c:
0,2a = 7,12 a = 35,6 g
Li bnh: Bi ton ba thnh phn thng gp.
Cu 43: p n D
Gi s s mol mi cht l 1 mol. Khi cho vo H2O thu c :
KOH : 2 mol
NH Cl :1 mol
KHCO3 :1 mol
BaCl2 :1 mol
du
m hh 2, 86 gam
Khi tc dng vi NaOH th khi lng cht rn thu c gm NaOH d v khi lng mui.
Theo tng gim khi lng c khi lng cht rn l:
Trang 260/305
1A
2B
3B
4D
P N S 16
5B
6B
7C
11B
12C
13A
14A
15C
16D
17B
18C
19C
20B
21D
22A
23A
24D
25C
26D
27B
28C
29B
30A
31B
32B
33A
34D
35C
36A
37C
38C
39D
40D
41C
42B
43C
44C
45B
46C
47A
48A
49B
50A
8B
9C
10C
1
x
n1 =1 (mol)
0,5x 1,5x
1-x
0,5x 1,5x n 2 =1+x (mol)
p dng phng php bo ton khi lng:
n1 M 2
1 10
=
= x = 0,6 H = 60%
n 2 M1
1+x 16
Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng nhit phn CH4 . Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng
n M
m1 m2 1 2
n2 M1
Cu 2: p n B
2Z N 25;
1 N / Z 1,5
7,1 Z 8,3 Z 8 Cu hnh electron 1s22s22p4.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v thnh phn nguyn t.
N
Ch : iu kin bn ca nguyn t Z 82 1 1,52 (tr H)
P
Cu 3: p n B
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
K H 2O KOH 3 H 2
2
KOH Al H 2O KAlO 2 3 H 2 .
2
2
Do hn hp X tan ht Al phn ng ht theo (2). Mt khc khi mi thm HCl cha thy xut hin
kt ta KOH d.
KOH HCl KCl H2O.
3
m (gam) X + (ax + ay + 3az 5a) mol H2O 14,24 gam Ala + 8,19 gam Val
Cch 1.
m = 14,24 + 8,19 mH 2O = 22,43 18(ax + ay + 3az 5a) = 22,43 18.0,23 + 18.5a = 18,29 + 90a.
+ Nu chn A a = 0,002 nH 2O = 0,22 x + y + 3z = 115 (loi v x + y + z < 16 x + y + 3z < 40).
+ Nu chn B a = 0,006 nH 2O = 0,2 x + y + 3z = 115/3 (loi v l).
+ Nu chn C a = 0 (loi).
chn D.
Cch 2.
- Bo ton khi lng ta c: m 14, 24 8,19 mH2O 22, 43 = 22,43 mH 2O .
- Nhn thy: khi lng ca hn hp X (m) t gi tr nh nht nu khi lng nc s dng cho phn
ng thy phn l ln nht. iu ny xy ra khi s mol lin kt peptit l ln nht hay hn hp X gm 3
peptit c s lin kt peptit l 1, 1 v 10 tng ng vi s mol x, x v 3x. Khi ta c:
+ nH2O x x 10.3x 32x.
+ n Ala n Val 2x 2x 11.3x 37x 0,16 0,07 0, 23 x
0, 23
.
37
18.32.0, 23
18,85 ch c D ph hp.
37
Li bnh: Bi ton kh v phn ng thy phn peptit. Cu hi tng t trong thi i hc khi B
mmin 22, 43
0, 05
mol
x
0, 05
M
(2M 60 x) 5,8
29
x
x
M l Fe; x=2.
S mol FeCO3 l nFeCO3 0, 05mol m = 0,1.40 + 0,025.160 = 8(gam)
Vy khi lng cht rn thu c l 8 gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton phc tp v mui cacbonat.
Cu 6: p n B
V nung Cr(OH)2 trong khng kh s to ra Cr2O3 c mu xanh lc.
Cu 7: p n C
- Gi s mol R2CO3 v RHCO3 c trong mi phn hn hp ln lt l x v y.
- Phn I tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d: n BaCO3 n R2CO3 n RHCO3 x y 0,18 1 .
0,14
0, 07 lit 70 ml chn C.
2
Trang 262/305
6,72
= 0,3 (mol) .
22,4
10,8n
Theo phng php bo ton mol electron:
4n O2 2n H2 M 9n .
M
Bin lun ta c n = 3, M = 27 Kim loi M l Al.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v cc phn ng ca kim loi.
S mol H2 phn ng l: n H2 =
Cu 9: p n C
Cch 1:
- Gi cng thc phn t ca Z l CxHyOz (v sn phm chy ch c CO2 v H2O).
MZ = 3,5625.32 = 114 (g/mol)
y z
y
Cx H y Oz + (x +
- )O2 xCO2 + H 2O
4 2
2
(1)
12x + y + 16z = 114
44x 44
9y = 15
x+ 0,25y - 0,5z = 7,5
Theo bi ta c :
- Gii h phng trnh, ta c: x = 6, y = 10, z = 2
- Cng thc ca Z l C6H10O2.
Cch 2:
C6H12O2
C6H10O
C6H10O2
C5H10O2
MZ 116
98
114
102 (g/mol)
Ch c C6H10O2 tha mn ra (MZ = 3,5625.32 = 114 g/mol).
Kim tra li cc iu kin khc ca ra u tha mn.
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v lp cng thc phn t cht hu c.
Cu 10: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt c bn v tnh axit baz ca dung dch.
Dung dch lm qu tm i mu l (2), (3), (4), (5).
Cu 11: p n B
Cu hi l thuyt d v phn cacbohidrat.
A. Sai v tnh bt v xenluloz khng phi l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Sai v tinh bt v xenluloz khng c kh nng ko thnh si.
D. Sai v glucoz l hp cht tp chc ch khng phi a chc.
Cu 12: p n C
Cu hi l thuyt thc t.
Cu 13: p n A
. Cu hi thc t v Al.
Al hot ng ha hc mnh nhng trn b mt ca Al c bao ph bi lp oxit rt bn vng nn Al
khng b n mn iu kin thng.
Cu 14: p n A
Cu hi quen thuc so snh tnh oxi ha, tnh kh da vo dy in ha Lp 12.
Phn ng oxi ha kh xy ra theo quy tc: cht kh mnh + cht oxi ha mnh cht kh v cht
oxi ha yu hn.
- Theo (1) tnh oxi ha Cl2> I2.
- Theo (2) tnh oxi ha ca KClO3mnh hn Cl2.
Cu 15: p n C
Khi lng oxit < khi lng kim loi: mui phn ng ht, kim loi d. Gi s mol Mg, Fe phn ng
v Fe d ln lt l x, y. z cht rn thu c gm (x + y) mol Cu; z mol Fe d; Dung dch gm y
mol Fe2+ v x mol Mg2+.
Trang 263/305
0,02 0,02
Vy n HCl 0,02 mol V b 0, 2l
Khi V > b ml th lng kt ta bt u xut hin; khi V = a ml th lng kt ta tan ht
HCl NaOH NaCl H 2O
0,02 0,02
NaAlO 2 HCl H 2 O NaCl Al OH 3
0, 02
0, 02
0, 02
3HCl Al OH 3 AlCl3 3H 2O
0, 06 0,02
nHCl 0,1mol V 1l
Cu 20: p n B
CTPT ca X l (CH2Br)n
C bt bo ha = (2. s C + 2 s H s Br)/2 = 1 - 0,5n 0 chn n = 2
CTPT C2H4Br2
CTCT CH3-CHBr2 ; CH2Br CH2Br.
Li bnh: Cu hi c bn v cng thc phn t v cu to ca hp cht hu c .
Cu 21: p n D
Ta c %O = 100% - 55,81% 6,98% = 37,21%.
55,81 6,98 37,21
CHO
Gi cng thc rt gn ca X l x y z x : y : z
:
:
=2:3:1
12
1
16
CTPT ca X: (C2H3O)n, theo cc p n chn n = 2
CTPT ca X l C4H6O2. Loi tr p n B v Y t tan trong nc. Loi b A v khng ng t l
trn. Loi b D v khng c ng phn cis-trans.
Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v lp cng thc phn t hp cht hu c.
Cu 22: p nA
Da vo cc p n cc axit thm u n chc c th t cng thc ca axit l CnH2n7COOH
Cng thc ca mui l CnH2n7COONa.
S phn ng:
Cn H2n7COONa Na 2CO3 nCO2 H2O
Trang 264/305
CO 2 Ca OH 2 CaCO3 H 2O
CO CuO Cu CO 2
H 2 CuO Cu H 2 O
2
3
4
5
1,89
n H2 (1) = n H2 - n H2 (2) 0,105 0,063 0,042 mol. = 0,105 0,063 = 0,042 (mol).
Cu 27: p n B
Thu c dung dch mui Mg2+ v Cu2+ Mg ht, Ag+ ht, d Cu2+ ne nhn = 2x (mol)
z ne nhn < z + 2y z 2x < z + 2y 0,5z x < 0,5z + y
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 28: p n C
nBa (OH )2 3.0,125 0,375(mol ) . Kt ta thu c l BaCO3, nBaCO3
59,1
0,3mol
197
C 2 trng hp:
- Nu Ba(OH)2 d: nCO2 nBaCO3 0,3mol . C 0,15 mol ancol thu c 0,3 mol CO2, ancol n chc
nn cng thc ancol l C2H5OH. S mol mui cng bng 0,15 mol nn tm c mui c cng thc
CH3COONa. Este l CH3COOC2H5.
- Nu CO2 d: nCO2 nBaCO3 nBa ( HCO3 )2 .2
n Ba OH n BaCO3 n Ba HCO3
2
Trang 265/305
0,6 0,225
0,375
0,6
0,225
Phn ng tnh theo NaNO3. Sau phn ng trn, cn d 0,3 mol Al v 0,3 mol NaOH:
3
Al + NaOH + H 2 O NaAlO2 + H 2
2
0,3
0,3
0,45
Cht kh thu c gm NH3 v H2: V
0, 225
0, 45 .22, 4 15,12 lt .
Gi cng thc chung ca 2 axit l CnH2n+1COOH. V axit no n chc khi t chy c s mol H2O
5,46
bng s mol CO2 nn nH2O = nCO2 = 44 -18 = 0,21 (mol).
x = 0,09
x(n + 1) = 0,21
4
x
(14n + 68) = 3,9 n =
Gi s mol ca Z l x 2
Vy 2 axit l CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v axit cacboxylic .
Cu 40: p n D
Cu hi l thuyt thng gp v phn ng iu ch polime.
Cu 41: p n C
BaCl2 2H2O Ba OH 2 H2 Cl2
1,68
= 0,075(mol) VH2 = VCl2 1, 68lt
22,4
Vy catot thu c 1,68 lt kh H2 (ktc).
Li bnh: Bi tp d v in phn dung dch.
n H2 = n Cl 2 =
Cu 42: p n B
Cu hi d v tnh cht ha hc ca axit.
Axit propionic c phn ng vi tt c cc cht tr AgNO3.
Cu 43: p n C
Mi phn c s mol 2 ancol = 2 s mol H2 = 0,1 mol < s mol CH3COOH
phn ng hon ton th ht 2 ancol: 3,9 + 0,1.60 = meste + 18 .0,1 meste = 8,1 gam
khi hiu sut 80% th meste = 6,48 (gam).
Li bnh: Bi tp tnh ton c bn v ancol.
Cu 44: p n C
n Ag = 0,12(mol)
tng s mol glucozo v fructozo thu c sau phn ng thy phn l 0,06 (mol)
t s mol mi cht ban u = x mol x + x + 2x + 2x = 0,06 x 0,01mol
0,15.(2 3 2)
0,35mol VNO 7,84lt
3
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca kim loi vi HNO3.
x = y = 0,15 nNO
Cu 49: p n B
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc c s dng hnh v tng t thi i hc khi A, B 2014.
Cu 50: p nA
Theo bi ta c s bin ha ha hc sau:
HNO3 , H2SO4
[H]
C6H6
C6H5NO2
C6H5NH2
H = 78%
H = 78%
78 kg
123 kg
93 kg
78
123
=
mnitrobenzen 6,15 kg
5.0,78 mnitrobenzen
123
93
=
manilin 3,627 kg
6,15.0,78 manilin
P N S 17
5D
6A
7C
1C
2D
3D
4C
8C
9A
10A
11B
12C
13A
14C
15B
16B
17D
18C
19A
20B
21C
22B
23A
24D
25B
26A
27D
28D
29A
30C
31A
32D
33D
34B
35A
36D
37D
38D
39C
40A
41A
42B
43D
44D
45B
46B
47D
48A
49A
50B
35000
560
Zn + 2Ag + Zn 2+ + 2Ag
0,2
0,4
0,2
0,4
Fe + 2Ag + Fe2+ + Cu
0,2
0,4
0,2
0,2
Fe + Cu 2+ Fe2+ + Cu
0,2
0,2
0,2 0,2
CH4
21
22,4
5589
= 5589 m3 V=
= 5883m3 .
62,5 0,150,950,9
0,95
CO2
= 0,15 mol
C6 H12O6 2CO2 2C2 H5OH
Glucozo
=m =
0,075.180
= 15 .
0,9
Li bnh: Bi ton d v phn ng ln men ca glucoz gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm: i
hc khi A 2013
Cu 11: p n B
C: n Mg = 0,16mol ; n NO = 0,06mol
p dng bo ton e:
Trang 269/305
63
= 21 kg .
0,9
Li bnh: Bi tp ph bin v xenluloz thng gp trong thi tuyn sinh nhiu nm: i hc khi B
2012.
Cu 13: p n A.
CO2 44
0,5
45,5
NO2 46
1,5
Gi x vy ln lt l s mol ca CO2 v NO2
x 1
x 0, 05
C: y 3
y 0,15
x y 0, 2
0,1
0, 05
0,05
108
67
+ Vi n = 3 => y = 0,1
Trong hn hp X: Ag (0,4 mol) ; Fe d (0,4 mol)
1
Theo phn ng (1): nFep.u nAg 0, 2 mol
2
Vy gi tr m 56 0, 2 0, 4 33,6 (gam).
108
4
y
67
9
700
17,5
Trong hn hp X: Ag
mol ; Fe d
mol
603
67
350
Theo p (1): nFe p.u
mol
603
350 17,5
Vy gi tr m 56
47,1 (gam).
603 67
+ Vi n
Cu 16: p n B
- Theo bi ta c: n este : n NaOH = 0,01: 0,03 = 1: 3 Este 3 chc: (RCOO)3R '
- Phng trnh: RCOO 3 R+ 3NaOH 3RCOONa + R OH 3
7,05
n RCOONa = n NaOH = 0,075 mol RCOONa =
= 94
0,075
R = 27 (C2H3)
n RCOO R = 0,025 mol (RCOO)3R=254 R = 41 (C3H5)
3
0,006
0,006
0,12
0,12
V hiu sut l 60% nn dung dch Y gm: 0,03 mol Glucoz; 0,006 mol Fructoz; 0,004 mol
saccaroz v 0,08 mol mantoz. Nh vy c glucoz; fructoz; mantoz trng bc v u thu c
2Ag.
n Ag = 0,088 mAg = 9,504 (gam) .
Li bnh: Cu hi quen thuc v phn ng thy phn v trng bc ca gluxit. Hc sinh cn lu tham
gia vo phn ng trng bc c c mantoz d. Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi B 2012.
Cu 26: p n A
- S mol cc cht: NO = 0,07; Cu = 0,0325.
- Khi cho dung dch Y tc dng vi Cu xy ra phn ng:
2Fe3+ + Cu Cu2+ + 2Fe2+
nFe3 (Y ) 0,065mol
- Phn ng ca Fe vi dung dch HNO3 v H2SO4:
N 5 3e N 2 NO
0, 21 0, 07
Fe Fe3 3e
0, 065 0, 065 0,195
Fe Fe2 2e
0, 0075
0, 015
RCOOK=
2R +R
78,9
=88,67 R=5,67= 1 2 R1 =1; R 2 = 15
0,9
3
Trang 272/305
Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng este ha. V cc axit tham gia phn ng este ha vi cng hiu sut
nn c th thay 2 axit bng 1 cht thun tin khi gii bi tp.
Cu 33: p n D
C: n OH- = 0,05V
pH = 1 [H+ ] = 0,1M n H+ = 0,01mol
0, 03
n
0, 225lt
CM
Khi V > b ml th lng kt ta bt u tan, khi V = a ml th lng kt ta tan ht
HCl KOH KCl H 2O
Vy
HCl
0, 045 mol V b
0,015 0,015
NaAlO 2 HCl H 2 O NaCl Al OH 3
0, 03
0, 03
0, 03
3HCl Al OH 3 AlCl3 3H 2O
0, 09 0, 03
n
0, 675lt
CM
Vy gi tr ca a, b ln lt l 0,225 v 0,675.
Li bnh: y l bi ton tng i kh, gii bi ton mt cch n gin hc sinh cn xt hai
trng hp: V=b v V>b
HCl
0,135 mol V b
Cu 36: p n D
Nhn thy: n O = 2n CO2 n O = 1 mol .
Gi s mol CO2 l a mol Bo ton khi lng:
m mC mH mO 12a 1,6 16 29,6
a =1 m = 44 gam
Li bnh: Bi ton hay v cc phn ng ca axit cacboxylic.
Tng t cu hi trong thi cao ng 2010.
Cu 37: p n D
Cu hi d v tnh axit baz ca dung dch cc cht hu c.
Cu 38: p n D
Vi cc dung dch c cng nng :
- Axit cng mnh cng to c nhiu H+ th pH cng nh.
- Baz cng mnh cng to c nhiu OH- th pH cng ln.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt d.
Cu 39: p n C
- n NaOH 0,3 n X n H2O . Bo ton khi lng cho phn ng vi NaOH mX = 18,96 gam.
- Khi lng bnh ng NaOH tng l tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2O. Gi s mol CO2 v H2O ln
lt l a v b 44a 18b 40,08 1 .
Bo ton khi lng: mO2 40,08 18,96 21,12 gam n O2 0,66mol .
Bo ton O: 0,3.2 0,66.2 1,92 2a b 2 .
Gii h (1) v (2) a 0,69; b 0,54 naxit khng no 0,69 0,54 0,15 n axit no 0,15.
- Gi cng thc ca axit no l CnH2nO2; axit khng no l CmH2m-2O2
Trang 274/305
HCl
2n H2SO4
axit ht.
2
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng
m 7,74 0,5.36,5 0,14.98 0,39.2 38,93(gam)
Zn OH 2 2NaOH Na 2 ZnO 2 2H 2O
Fe OH 2 2NaOH Fe OH 2 2NaCl
2Fe OH 2 4H 2SO 4 Fe 2 SO 4 3 SO 2 6H 2O
Mg OH 2 H 2SO 4 MgSO 4 2H 2O
14.100
75 Gly
18, 667
75.3 18.2 189 (3 phn t X gii phng 2 phn t H2O)
C: M X
M tri
nM
0,945
0, 005(mol )
189
Ta c:
M
3X
0, 005
0, 015
C: M i 75.2 18 132 ni
2X
4, 62
0, 035( mol )
132
0, 035
nX
0, 07
3, 75
0, 05 (mol)
75
Trang 275/305
Vy khi lng hn hp M v
27
8,389( gam)
700
Cu 45: p n B.
V khi lng cht rn l 22,7 gam AgNO3 cn d.
Phng trnh in phn:
1
2 AgNO3 H 2O 2 Ag 2 HNO3 O2
2
x x
Sau in phn, AgNO3 d 0, 2 x mol
Fe 4 H NO3 Fe3 NO 2 H 2O
x
x
x
4
4
Fe
2 AgNO3 Fe NO3 2 2 Ag
0,1 0, 2 x
2
Fe 2 Fe3 3Fe2
x
x
8
4
0.2 x
x x
x
Khi lng cht rn l: mr 16,8 56. 0,1 108. 0, 2 x 22, 7 x 0,1
2 8
4
0,1.96500
It
Ag 1e Ag => S nol electron trao i l n e 0.1
t
3600s 1h
F
2, 68
Vy thi gian in phn l t = 1h.
Cu 46: p n B
Cu hi d v tnh cht ha hc ca kim loi.
Ch c Cu khng phn ng vi HCl.
Cu 47: p n D
Cu hi d v dy in ha ca kim loi.
Cu 48: p n A
Phng trnh: RCOO3 C3H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5 OH 3
n RCOONa = 3n C3H5 OH = 0,06 mol
3
Trang 276/305
RCOONa =
18,24
= 304 R = 237 C17 H33
0,06
Cu 49: p n A
Cu hi thc t.
Cu 50: p n B
0,36
0,06
0, 03
0, 09
Trang 277/305
P N S 18
5D
6C
7D
1A
2B
3B
4B
8B
9C
10B
11A
12D
13A
14B
15B
16B
17C
18D
19A
20C
21B
22A
23D
24A
25C
26A
27A
28B
29C
30C
31C
32D
33A
34D
35C
36C
37C
38A
39A
40C
41C
42B
43A
44B
45B
46C
47C
48C
49D
50A
0,15
= 0,3lt = 300 (ml).
0,5
Cu 9: p n C
Ta c: n H2SO4 = n H2 = 0,35mol
Vy: mm = mhhKL + mSO 2- = 10,7 + 0,35.96 = 44,3gam.
4
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng gia kim loi v axit. Hc sinh ch cn nm c phng
php bo ton nguyn t v bo ton khi lng l c th gii c d dng.
Cu 10: p n B
Theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng khi gim nhit (nhng vo nc ) cn bng ha hc chuyn
dch theo chiu phn ng ta nhit, l chiu to N2O4 khng mu mu nu nht dn.
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v chuyn dch cn bng ha hc.
Khi tng nhit ca h th cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm gim nhit , ngha l cn bng
chuyn dch v pha thu nhit.
- Khi gim nhit , cn bng chuyn dch v pha lm tng nhit , ngha l cn bng chuyn dch
v pha ta nhit.
Cu 11: p n A
-
KOH
0, 05.6.103
0, 05 0, 03
0, 03 v tb
3,33.105 M / s
3
10.10
10.60
.
HCHO 4Ag
n HCHO
0, 09
0, 005.2
0, 02.
4
% ancol b oxi ha l:
0, 02
0, 005 .100
62,5%.
0, 04
Li bnh: Bi ton v phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton ca ancol. Tng t cu hi trong thi i
hc khi B 2012.
Trang 279/305
Cu 15: p n B
Cu hi thc nghim ha hc.
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
Cu 16: p n B
Bo ton in tch ta c: 2x y = 0 1 .
Bo ton khi lng: 137x + 35,5y = 6,29 27.0,01 0,03.62 = 4,16 2 .
Gii (1), (2) suy ra x = 0,02; y = 0,04 .
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v dung dch. Hc sinh ch cn vn dng bo ton in tch v bo ton khi
lng l c.
Cu 17: p n C
Gi cng thc oxit ca N l NxOy 14x : 16y = 30,45 : 69,55 x : y = 1 : 2 NO2.
Li bnh: Bi tp d.
Cu 18: p n D
H+
OH-
0,16
0,16
0, 05
0, 04
0, 06
2,1
= 42 Vy A l C3H6.
0,05
n HCl 0,32mol
V 0,32 lt 320 ml
35, 2
PV
110 X 60
0,32 mol M tb
0,32
RT
X (khi lng trung bnh 2 kim loi) = 50
n hh mui n CO2
2Cl Cl2 2e
Cu 2 2e Cu
0,1 0, 2
2H 2 O 4H O 2 4e
2H 2O 2e H 2 2OH
0, 01 0, 04
n e (t) 0, 2 0,04 0, 24 n e (2t) 0, 48. Gi s trong thi gian in phn 2t giy th anot
thu thm c x mol O2 v y mol H2 ta c: x + y = 0,26 0,11 = 0,15 (1) v 0,24 + 4x = 0,48 x =
0,06 y = 0,09.
- Bo ton e 2nCu + 2nH2 = 0,48 nCu = 0,15.
Li bnh: Bi ton kh v phn ng in phn dung dch. Bi ton ny c tc dng phn loi hc sinh.
Cu hi tng t thi i hc khi A 2014.
Cu 35: p n C
0,45
0,3
0,15
0,15
Sau cc phn ng cht rn l 0,45 mol Ag v 0,025 mol Fe: mrn = 0,45.108 + 0,025.56 = 50gam.
Li bnh: Bi tp c bn v phn ng thy luyn.
Cu 36: p n C
V trn 2 dung dch vi nhng th tch bng nhau nn th tch mi dung dch l 50 ml.
n AgNO3 0, 42.0,05 0,021mol n Pb(NO3 )2 0, 018mol n Al 0,019mol
;
;
0,021
0,021
0,018
0,018
C: k=
n OHn CO2
0,05
=1,25 2 mui HCO3- (x mol) v CO32- (y mol).
0,04
Ta c:
x y 0, 04
x 0, 03; y 0, 01 .
x 2y 0, 05
Kt ta l BaCO3 : n BaCO3 = 0,01mol mBaCO3 = 1,97gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton thng gp v phn ng ca CO2 vi dung dch kim.
Cu 39: p n A
Mg l kim loi mnh, N2O khng phi sn phm kh duy nht nn c kh nng c NH4NO3.
p dng bo ton e:
2.n Mg 8.n N2O 8.n NH4 NO3
n NH4 NO3
0,1
CO2
0,1
0, 2mol V 0, 2.22, 4 4, 48 l
X l ankan.
S Ctb =
n CO2
n ankan
0,25
=2,5 C2H6 v C3H8.
0,1
H
C2 H4 H2O
C2 H5OH
t
C2 H5OH CuO
CH3CHO Cu H2O
0
Mn
2CH3CHO O2
2CH3COOH
x y 0, 04
x 0, 01
nhn vi 2
nhn vi 3
Trang 285/305
P N S 19
5B
6D
7C
1B
2A
3D
4A
8C
9C
10C
11D
12B
13A
14C
15B
16B
17A
18D
19D
20A
21D
22C
23D
24B
25B
26D
27C
28C
29B
30D
31B
32B
33D
34B
35B
36A
37D
38B
39B
40D
41B
42A
43C
44C
45C
46B
47A
48D
49B
50B
Na
Na+
CH4
H2S
NH3
Mg
Mg2+
Al3+
SiH4
HF
H2O
11
10
18
10
10
12
10
10
18
10
10
0, 2 mol
0,6n(mol )
Ta c phng trnh tng khi lng H2O v CO2: 44.n.0,6 18.0, 2.(3n 0,5) 109,8 n 3
Phn ng chy Y:
C4 n H 8n2O5 N 4 pO2 4nCO2
(4n 1) H 2O N 2
0,3 mol
0,3. p
1, 2n(mol ) 0,3.(4n 1) mol
p dng BT nguyn t Oxi: 0,3.5 0,3.2. p 1, 2.3.2 0,3(4.3 1) p 15
nO2 15.0,3 4,5(mol )
Vy s mol O2 cn dng l 4,5 mol.
Cu 3. p n D
Cu hi tng hp v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.
- A sai v xenluloz khng c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
- B sai v saccaroz khng c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
- C sai v ivinyl v tinh bt khng c phn ng vi AgNO3/NH3.
Cu 4. p n A.
0,1
NaOH
0,1 mol V b
n
0,1lt =100ml
CM
0,1
Al 3 3OH Al (OH )3
0, 2 0, 6
0, 2
Al (OH )3 OH Al (OH ) 4
0, 2
0, 2
n
0,9lt = 900ml
CM
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn, hc sinh cn ch ti hai im a v b. Ti a bt u xut hin kt ta, ti b
kt ta tan ht.
NaOH
0,9 mol V b
Cu 5. p n B
Li bnh: Cu hi thc nghim c s dng hnh v tng t cu hi trong thi i hc khi A, B
2014.
Cu 6. p n D
NH4Cl mi trng axit do NH4 HOH
NH3 H3O
CO32 H2O
HCO3 OH
2M + nCl2 2MCln
x
n
x (mol)
2
4M + nO2 2M 2O n
x
n
x (mol)
4
n
x (mol)
2
n
x (mol)
4
n
1- x 1,8
2
Theo bi:
=
n.x = 0,2 (1)
n 1,9
1- x
4
0,32
= 0,005 (mol) .
64
0,02
= 0,1M.
0,2
0, 2
0,1
Cu 2Ag Cu 2 2Ag
0, 2
0,1
0, 2
0, 2
Fe2 Ag Fe3 Ag
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,002
0,015
0,0135
0,0114
H+
0,0228
= 2,28 (lt).
0,01
3
H2
2
Trang 288/305
Ta c: n H2 =
0,672
= 0,03(mol)
22,4
du
Khi cho axit HCl vo dung dch A c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra:
H OH H 2O
Al OH 4
H Al OH 3 H 2O
Al OH 3 3H Al3 3H 2O
x + y = 0,02
x = 0,015
Ptp
bi:
1 mol
m gam
3
O2 CuO
2
1 mol
SO2
(m - 4,8) gam
4,8
= 0,3 (mol).
16
0,6
= 0,075(mol)
8
Cu 17. p n A
Gi s mol CuO, Fe2O3 v MgO tng ng l x, y v z.
Ta c:
80.x+ 160.y + 40z = 12 hay 2x + 4y + z = 0,3.
S mol HCl: n HCl = 0,225.2 = 0,450 (mol).
2x + 6y + 2z = 0,450
2 x 4 y z 0,3
x 0, 05
2 x 6 y 2 z 0, 450 y 0, 025
64 x 2 y.56 40 z 10
z 0,1
0,05.160
= 66,67% .
12
Trang 290/305
S mol hn hp: n hh =
1,12
= 0,05 (mol) ;
22,4
4,84
= 0,11 (mol) ;
44
2,88
= 0,16 (mol) ;
18
CH
Do n H2O > n CO2 nn hai hirocacbon l ankan; gi cng thc chung l n 2n2
n=
0,11
= 2,2(mol) hai ankan l C2 H6 v C3H8 .
0,05
0,8
%VC2H6 = 80%
0,2
%VC3H8 = 20%
2,2
C3H8 3
0,56
2,688
= 0,025(mol); n CO2 =
= 0,12 (mol).
22,4
22,4
0,12
= 24 .
0,05
X, Y c khi lng bng nhau nn d dng suy ra axit X l CH3COOH v ancol Y l C3H7OH. Li c:
n X + n Y = 0,05
2n X + 3n Y = 0,12
n = 0,03
X
n Y = 0,02
0,03
.100% = 60%
(0,03 + 0,02)
0,02
%mC3H7 OH =
.100% = 40%
(0,03 + 0,02)
%mCH3COOH =
X c n C : n H : n O =
V X tc dng H2 theo t l mol 1 : 1, tc dng vi NaOH nng cho mt mui v hai cht hu c trong
c mt cht c phn ng trng bc Chn C.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn lp cng thc phn t cht hu c.
Cu 29. p n B
nX = nNaOH = 0,1; nAg = 0,4 X l este ca axit fomic v ancol to thnh trong qu trnh x phng ha
cht X cng khng bn s chuyn ha thnh anehit.
Cc cu to tha mn l: HCOOCH=CH-CH2CH3 v HCOOCH=C(CH3)2
Cu 30. p n D
M t A: Hin tng ng t bi nhit ca protit: ng.
M t B: Phn ng to mu vng vi HNO3 cca protit: ng.
M t C: t chy mt mu lng trng trng xut hin mi kht nh mi tc chy: ng.
M t D: Nh vi git dung dch NaOH v dung dch CuSO4 vo dung dch lng trng trng to phc
mu xanh tm.
Cu 31. p n B
Coi dung dch Y gm glyxin x mol, axit glutamic y mol v HCl 0,1 mol
S mol NaOH l: n NaOH =
34.25
= 0,2125(mol)
100.40
C: x + y + 0,1 = 0,2125 1
Mt khc: 75x + 147y = 8,325 2
Gii h gm (1) v (2): x = y = 0,0375 mol Vy phn trm s mol mi cht bng 50%.
Li bnh: Bi ton hn hp amino axit thng gp.
Cu 32. p n B
CTPT ca amino axit (A) l CnH2n + 1O2N
ipeptit X c CTPT l C2nH4nO3N2 x (mol)
C2nH4nO3N2 + H2O + 2HCl 2 CnH2n + 2O2NCl
Ta c: 13,2 + 36,5.2x + 18x = 22,3 x = 0,1 (mol)
MX = 132 = 2MA -18 MA= 75 A l glyxin
Y l Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly c CTPT C12H20O7N6
C12H20O7N6 + 13,5O2 12CO2 + 10H2O + 3N2
0,1 mol 1,35 mol
Vy s mol O2 cn dng l 1,35 mol.
Li bnh: Bi ton c bn v peptit.
Cu 33. p n D
nNaOH = 2mol; mdd NaOH = 4200 gam.
Trang 292/305
0, 75.180.100
192,9 gam
70
n
1
n
44,14
0, 2.72.100
44, 20%
32,58
0,16
0,16(mol )
0,16
S mol KOH d l: nKOH sau p.u 0, 2 0,16 0,04(mol )
Cc cht v c sau phn ng gm KNO3 v KOH d
Vy khi lng cc cht v c l: mr mKNO3 mKOH du 101.0,16 56.0,04 18, 4( gam)
Cu 37. p n D
Nhn xt: Ch ancol a chc c cc nhm OH cnh nhau mi c kh nng ha tan Cu(OH)2 to dung
dch mu xanh lam m.
Cu 38. p n B
Trang 293/305
Nc Brom phn bit c ancol no, khng no v phenol. Cu(OH)2 phn bit c ancol a chc c
cc nhm OH cnh nhau.
Cu 39. p n B
z
RH
( x y z)
C: n H2 =
Na
1
H2
2
1
( x y z)
2
4,48
= 0,2(mol)
22,4
Theo bi ta c:
60 x 60 y 108 z 28,8 x 0, 2
x z 0,3
y 0,1
x y z 0, 4
z 0,1
nZ
14n + 68 = 3,9 (2)
2
4
Vy 2 axit l CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.
3
Trang 294/305
3
2 Fe O2 Fe2O3
2
3
a a
4
1
2 FeCO3 O2 Fe2O3 2CO2
2
b
b
b
4
11
2 FeS2 O2 Fe2O3 4SO2
2
11
c
c
2c
2
V p1 = p2 n1 n2 nO2 (nCO2 nSO2 )
3a b 11c
b 2c b a c
4 4 4
Cu 45. p n C
Khi lng cht rn tng ln chnh l khi lng oxi tham gia phn ng bng: 8,1 5,7 = 2,4 gam.
2,4
= 0,15(mol) .
16
bng HCl 1M th s mol HCl bng 2 ln s mol nguyn t O:
b + a c.
Li bnh: Cu hi kh v phn ng ca mui Al3+ tc dng vi dung dch kim.
Cu 47. p n A
Penixilin l thuc khng sinh, khng phi l cht gy nghin.
Cu 48. p n D
Gi cng thc ca E l R(OH)n.
R OH n nNa R ONa n
C n H2 =
n
H2
2
1,568
= 0,07 (mol) .
22,4
Khi lng bnh tng thm l khi lng gc R(O)n li trong bnh:
n R(O)n = 0,07.
2
0,14
(mol).
=
n
n
M
0,14
MR + 16n = 6,3 R = 29 .
n
n
Bin lun:
Vy
3
Trang 295/305
MR
29
14,5
Kt lun
Tha mn
Loi
Loi
Vy ancol E l C2H5OH.
Li bnh: Bi ton d v ancol.
Cu 49. p n B
X phn ng vi NaOH iu kin thng cho ammoniac X l mui amoni.
Do vy C4 H9 NO2 c ba ng phn:
CH2 = CH CH2 COONH4
CH3 CH = CH COONH4 (c ng phn hnh hc)
CH2 = C(CH3) COONH4
Li bnh: Cu hi d v ng phn mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic.
Cu 50. p n B
Cu hi d v cc phn ng chuyn ha ca gluxit.
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P N S 20
5B
6B
7A
1D
2C
3A
4C
8A
9B
10D
11D
12D
13B
14B
15D
16A
17A
18D
19A
20B
21B
22B
23B
24A
25A
26B
27C
28A
29B
30D
31D
32C
33D
34C
35A
36C
37D
38D
39B
40B
41D
42D
43B
44A
45C
46A
47C
48A
49B
50C
7, 68.21,88
0, 03mol ; S mol Fe phn ng vi mui l:
56.100
2.0,04 2.0,03 a 2b
Li bnh: Bi ton hay gp v hn hp kim loi. Hc sinh bit vn dng phng php bo ton e th
vic gii bi ton s thun li.
Cu 2: p n C
1
O2
2
1/ 4x
2x
3y
3
O2
2
3 / 4y
4NO 2 O 2 2H 2 O 4HNO3
3
1
R COONa : 0,1mol
: 0,1mol
R COO R '
to
2HCO3 CO3
0, 7
(n
Mg 2
.
CO 2 H 2 O
0, 35
n Ca 2 ) 0,3 0,35
C4 H10 C4H8 H2
C4 H8 Br2 C4 H8Br2
C4 H10 C4 H6 2H2
C4 H6 2Br2 C4 H6 Br4
nH 2 nBr2 0, 08mol
nRH ( X ) 0,12mol nC4 H10 ban dau 6,96 gam
M X 34,8 d 17, 4.
Li bnh: Bi ton hay v phn ng dehidro ha.
Cu 9: p n B
S dng phng php bo ton mol electron:
2n Fe n Ag 2n Cu 2
nAg = 0,01; nCu = 0,01; nFe d = 0,005 m = 2 gam.
Li bnh: Bi ton thy luyn.
Cu 10: p n D
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt n gin v phn ng cng ca ankin.
Trang 298/305
Zn Zn 2 2e
Cu 2 2e Cu
Vy nng Zn2+ tng ln trong dung dch.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v pin in.
Cu 12: p n D
- C 2,96 gam hn hp tc dng vi HCl th c 0,672 lt H2.
Nu 11,84 gam hn hp tc dng vi HCl th c 2,688 lt H2: n H2 0,12mol.
Khi tc dng HCl th ch Fe phn ng: n Fe n H2 0,12.
Khi tc dng HNO3 c ngui, ch Cu phn ng.
0,12.56
0,08 n NO2 2n Cu 0,16 V 3,584 lit.
64
Li bnh: Bi ton d v kim loi. Hc sinh cn lu lng hn hp thc hin trong 2 ln th nghim
khc nhau.
n Cu
11,84
Cu 13:p n B.
nNaOH V .1 (mol ); nHCl 0,1 (mol ); nAl2 ( SO4 )3 0,05 (mol ) nAl3 0,1 (mol )
Khi V = b ml th lng kt ta thu c nhiu nht
HCl NaOH NaCl H 2O
0,1
0,1
Al 3OH Al (OH )3
0,1 0,3
Vy n NaOH 0, 4 mol nAl (OH )3 0,1 mol mAl (OH )3 a 7,8 ( gam)
CH3 NH CH 2 CH 2 CH3
CH3 NH CH CH3 2
CH3 CH 2 NH CH 2 CH3
CH3 2 N
CH 2 CH3
v bc III.
Cu 16: p n A
%mC + %mH + %mCl = 100% X ch cha C, H v Cl
Gi CTPT ca X l CxHyClt. Ta c:
x:y:t
CTPT ca X lCnHnCl2n. V 2n + n 2n + 2 n 2.
Nu n = 1; X l CHCl2 (loi)
Nu n = 2; X l C2H2Cl4.
S ng phn cu to ca X l 2.
Cu 17: p n A
CH3 2 C NH 2 COOH
CH 2 NH 2 CH CH 3 COOH
Li bnh: Cu hi d v ng phn ca amino axit.
Cu 20: p n B
Cn H 2n 1OCn H 2n 1
Cn H 2n 1OH
H 2O
Cm H 2m1OCm H 2m1
Cm H 2m1OH
C H
m 2m1OCn H 2n 1
V m > n 14m + 18 = 28n + 18 m = 2n.
Cu 21: p n B
Li bnh: Cu hi d v iu ch kim loi.
Cu 22: p n B.
PV
RT
S mol khng thay i, nh vy nu nhit thay i th p sut thay i
ng nghim bn tri un nng: Nhit tng p sut tng
ng nghim bn phi ngm nc : Nhit gim p sut gim
Cu 23: p n B
Ta c n
Cu 24: p n A
Li bnh: Cu hi d v chuyn dch cn bng.
Khi tng p sut, cn bng b chuyn dch theo chiu c tng h s cht kh nh hn.
Cu 25: p n A
Gm etyl benzoat, phenol, axit butiric, phenylamoni clorua, allyl bromua, o-metylphenol.
Li bnh: Cu hi l thuyt v kh nng phn ng ca cc cht.
Cu 26: p n B
Li bnh: Cu hi d v n mn in ha. Hc sinh ch cn nm c ba iu kin ca n mn in
ha.
Cc trng hp c n mn in ha l: Sn AgNO3 ; Sn H2SO4 CuSO4 .
Cu 27: p n C
Cu hnh electron ca X l: 1s22s22p63s23p5.
Cu hnh electron ca Y l: 1s22s22p63s23p64s2.
Li bnh: Cu hi d v cu hnh e v v tr nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
Cu 28: p n A
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng cho oxi trong phn ng chy:
HCl
0,1mol
Cu 33: p n D
Cht lng tnh va c kh nng nhng, va c kh nng nhn H+ (tc dng c vi c axit v
baz).
Li bnh: Cu hi thng gp v vai tr ca cht theo thuyt Bronstet.
Cu 34: p n C
Cu hi hay gp v ng v.
- Cng thc ca nc: H2O.
- Nu 2 nguyn t H trong H2O ging nhau c 3 hng chn.
- Nu 2 nguyn t H trong H2O khc nhau c 3 hng chn.
- C 3 hng chn O.
Tng s loi phn t nc = (3 + 3).3 = 18.
Cu 35: p n A
t cng thc ca 2 este no n chc l CnH2nO2. Phn ng chy:
Cn H 2nO2
3n 2
t
O2
nCO2 nH 2O
0
2
Lp t l mol gia O2 v CO2 n = 3,625.
Cho hai este ny tc dng NaOH, thu c hn hp hai ancol k tip mui ca mt axit hu c hai
este l ng ng k tip. CTPT ca 2 este l: C3H6O2 v C4H8O2.
n
0,145
S mol ca 2 este l: CO2 =
= 0,04 mol nmui = 0,04 mol
n
3,625
Mmui=
3,28
= 82 RCOONa = 82 R = 15 CH3.
0,04
C6 H10O5 n
1
1 64,8
.nAg = .
= 0,3 mol
2
2 108
n C6 H12O6
X
Hn hp trc (axetilen (0,3 mol), propin (0,4 mol), hiro (0, 5 mol)) Ni,
btkl
n hh trc = 1,2mol; m hh trc = 24,8 gam = nhhX.31 n hhX = 0,8mol
nH 2 p = n hh trc - n hhX = 0,4mol
n hhY = 0,4mol;
Gi x , y ln lt l s mol CH CH , CH C CH3 trong X.
S mol axetilen propin tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3:
o
Trang 302/305
nhhX nhhY 0, 4 x y
x 0, 2
nAgNO3 2 x y 0, 6
y 0, 2
A. Cht X l este 2 chc ca ancol 2 chc Sai v X tc dng NaOH thu c Y v hn hp ancol nn X l
este 2 chc ca axit 2 chc
B. Cht Y lm mt mu dung dch Br2 Sai v Y l mui no nn khng lm mt mu dung dch Br2
C. Cht T l axit n chc Sai v Y l mui ca axit a chc nn T cng l axit a chc
D. Cht Y c cng thc phn t C3H2O4Na2
Cu 42: p n D
Cu hi so snh nhit si ca cc cht bo.
Cu 43: p n B
t cng thc phn t trung bnh cho 2 anehit no n chc k tip l CnH2nO
3n 1
to
O2
nCO 2 nH 2O
2
(3n 1).3
2
(3n 1).1
n
n
2
Cn H 2nO
1
0
Phn ng chy:
V cc hn hp kh trc v sau phn ng cng V, to nn t l v p sut bng t l v s mol:
nhh ban u / nhh sn phm =
3n 1 .1)
22
47
(n n
n
2,7
2
25
2
17
Vy hai anehit l C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO.
1
3n 1 .3
1,1
22
=
1, 25
25
m
142
m
142
3m
142
169m
3m
18.
m 22, 72g
71
142
Trang 303/305
Cu 45: p n C
- Cht to dung dch xanh lam gm: glucoz, etylenglicol.
- Khi un nng, cc cht to kt ta gch gm: glucoz, anehit fomic.
Li bnh: Cu hi nhn bit cc cht hu c d.
Cu 46: p n A
40
0, 4 mol
100
VC2H5OH
18, 4
23 ml
0,8
0,15
0,3
CH 2 COONH 4 2 2 HCl CH 2 COOH 2 2 NH 4Cl;
0, 06
0, 06
Gly Gly H 2O 2HCl 2ClH 3 NCH 2COOH
0,15
0,3
Trang 305/305