LI M U

Nm 2014 tri qua. Bc sang nm 2015 Din n Bookgol xin c gi nhng li chc tt p
nht n ton th cc bn cng gia nh, mt nm mi An khang thnh vng - Vn s nh . cm n
s ng h ca cc bn trong nm 2014 cng nh cng cho n nm 2015 vi nhiu s i mi, c bit
l nhng i mi ca B Gio Dc v o To trong k thi Quc gia cp bc THPT. Din n Bookgol
chun b mt s mn qu nh dnh cho cc bn nhn dp nm mi.
Bi tp tng hp Bookgol l mt trong nhng mn qu . Ti liu c chia lm 2 phn
Phn 1: Phn l thuyt: Tng hp nhng cu hi l thuyt a dng vi nhiu ng dng thc t.
Phn 2: Phn bi tp: Tng hp nhng bi tp phong ph gm nhiu bi tp hay, l v nhng li gii
c sc ca cc thnh vin Bookgol
Bn cnh l ph lc vi nhng phn ng ha hc cn ch trong chng trnh ha hc ph thng.
Hy vng ti liu ny cng cc mn qu khc ca Bookgol s gip ch cc bn trong vic n luyn v
ging dy chun b tt cho k thi Quc gia nm 2015.
Thay mt cho BQT Bookgol xin c gi li cm n n cc thnh vin : Tiu Minh Minh, Thachanh,
Huyn Nguyn, V Vn Thin. . . tham gia tng hp ni dung ti liu. Cm n Admin Tinpee v thnh
vin GS.Xon trnh by, son tho ti liu. Cm n Admin Uchiha Itachi trnh by ba cho ti liu.
Mc d rt c gng nhng ti liu kh trnh khi nhng sai st trong qu trnh son tho. Rt mong
nhn c s gp ca cc bn ti liu c hon thin hn.
Mi ng gp xin lin h : Email: Bookgol.tailieu@gmail.com hoc theo St: 0962748426

Bookgol,Ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2015

T/M BQT
Uchiha Itachi
Son tho LATEX GS.Xon
Trnh by ba: Uchiha Itachi

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Ph lc
MT S PHN NG V C PH THNG CN CH
1. H2 S(k) + SO2 (k) S(r) + H2 O (iu kin: c vt nc hoc un nng)
2. H2 S(k) + Cl2 (k) S(r) + HCl(k) (iu kin: nhit thng hoc un nng)
3. H2 S + Cl2 + H2 O HCl + H2 SO4 (iu kin: nhit thng)
4. H2 S + Br2 S + HBr (iu kin: nhit thng, trong H2O)
5. SO2 + Br2 + H2 O HBr + H2 SO4 (iu kin: nhit thng)
6. SO2 + Cl2 + H2 O H2 SO4 + HCl (iu kin: nhit thng)
7. Br2 + Cl2 + H2 O HCl + HBrO3 (iu kin: nhit thng)
8. N aOH(dd) + X2 N aOX + N aX + H2 O (X: Cl, Br, I. iu kin: nhit thng)
9. N aOH(dd) + X2 N aX + N aXO3 + H2 O (X: Cl, Br, iu kin: un nng khong > 70 C)
10. N aOH(dd) + N O2 N aN O2 + N aN O3 + H2 O (iu kin: nhit thng)
11. N aOH(dd) + N O2 + O2 N aN O3 (iu kin: nhit thng)
12. N a2 CO3 (nng chy) + SiO2 N a2 SiO3 + CO2
13. N aOH(long lnh 2%) + F2 N aF + OF2 + H2 O
14. N aAlO2 (dd) + CO2 + H2 O N aHCO3 + Al(OH)3 (iu kin: nhit thng hoc un nng)
15. N aAlO2 (dd) + HCl + H2 O N aCl + Al(OH)3 (iu kin: nhit thng hoc un nng)
Nu d HCl th Al(OH)3 tan trong HCl d
16. N aAlO 2(dd) + N H4 Cl + H2 O N H3 + N aCl + Al(OH)3 (iu kin: nhit thng)
16. M g + CO2 M gO + C (iu kin: Khong 500 C)
17. M g + SiO2 M gO + Si (iu kin: khong 1000 C)
18. CO + I2 O5 (r) I2 + CO2 (iu kin: nhit thng hoc un nng)
19. CO2 + N a2 SiO3 (dd) + H2 O N a2 CO3 + H2 SiO3 (iu kin: nhit thng)
20. N H3 + O2 N2 + H2 O (iu kin: t chy N H3 )
21. N H3 + O2 N O + H2 O (iu kin: 800 C, xt: Pt/Rh)
22. N H3 (k) + Cl2 N2 + N H4 Cl (iu kin: N H3 chy trong Cl2 iu kin thng)
23. P X3 + H2 O H3 P O3 + HX (X: Cl, Br, I ; iu kin thng)
24. SO2 + F e2 (SO4 )3 + H2 O H2 SO4 + F eSO4 (iu kin: nhit thng)
25. SO2 + KM nO4 + H2 O K2 SO4 + M nSO4 + H2 SO4 (iu kin: nhit thng)
26 . H2 S + KM nO4 + H2 SO4 S + M nSO4 + K2 SO4 + H2 O (iu kin: nhit thng)
27. H2 S + F eCl3 (dd) F eCl2 + S + HCl (iu kin: nhit thng)
28. H2 S + M (N O3 )2 (dd) HN O3 + M S (M: Cu, Pb) (iu kin: nhit thng)
29. H2 S + AgN O3 (dd) HN O3 + Ag2 S (iu kin: nhit thng)
30. H2 S + HN O3 (long) S + H2 O + N O
31. N aX(tinh th)+H2 SO4 (c, un nng) N a2 SO4 (hoc N aHSO4 )+HX(kh) (X: N O3 , Cl , F )
32. Ca3 (P O4 )2 + H3 P O4 (dd) Ca(H2 P O4 )2 (iu kin: nhit thng)
33. C + ZnO CO + Zn (iu kin: un nng)
34. HCOOH H2 O + CO(iu kin: un nng c H2 SO4 c xc tc)
35.Ag2 S(hocHgS) + O2 Ag(hocHg) + SO2 (iu kin: t chy)
36. Zn + Cr2 (SO4 )3 (dd) ZnSO4 + CrSO4 (iu kin: mi trng axit)
37. K2 Cr2 O7 + H2 S + H2 SO4 S + Cr2 (SO4)3 + K2 SO4 + H2 O
38. Ag(hocCu) + H2 S + O2 Ag2 S(hocCuS) + H2O
(iu kin: nhit thng ngoi khng kh)
39. SO2 + I2 + H2 O H2 SO4 + HI (iu kin: nhit thng)
40. Ag3 P O4 + HN O3 (dd) AgN O3 + H3 P O4 (iu kin: nhit thng)
41. Ag2 O + H2 O2 (dd) Ag + H2 O + O2 (iu kin: nhit thng)
42. HClO + HClc H2 O + Cl2 (iu kin: nhit thng)
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43. SO2 + K2 Cr2 O7 + H2 SO4 K2 SO4 + Cr2 (SO4 )3 + H2 O (iu kin: nhit thng)
44. Sn + O2 (un nng) SnO2
45. HI + O2 I2 + H2 O (iu kin: nhit thng ngoi khng kh)
MT S PHN NG HU C PH THNG CN CH
1. C4 H10 + O2 CH3 COOH + H2 O . iu kin: (Co(CH3 COO)2 , 1800 C, 150atm)
2. C6 H5 CH3 + KM nO4 + H2 SO4 C6 H5 COOH + M nSO4 + K2 SO4 + H2 O (iu kin: un
nng)
3. C6 H5 CH2 CH2 CH3 + KM nO4 + H2 SO4 C6 H5 COOH + CH3 COOH + K2 SO4 +
M nSO4 + H2 O. (iu kin: un nng)
4. CH3 CH = CH2 +KM nO4 (long 2%)+H2 O CH3 CH(OH)CH2 OH+M nO2 +KOH
(iu kin: iu kin thng)
5. CH3 CH = CH2 + KM nO4 + H2 SO4 CH3 COOH + CO2 + K2 SO4 + M nSO4 + H2 O(iu
kin: un nng)
6. Xiclopropan + Br2 /CCl4 (hocBr2 /H2 O) Br CH2 CH2 CH2 Br (iu kin: iu kin
thng)
7. CH2 = CH Cl + N aOH(m c, nhit cao, p sut cao) CH3 CHO + N aCl + H2 O
8. C6 H12 (xiclohexan) + Cl2 C6 H1 1Cl + HCl (iu kin: nh sng khuch tn hoc nhit )
9. CH3 OH + CO CH3 COOH (iu kin: RhIII, I-, 1800 C, 30 atm)
10. CH3 OH + CuO(hocO2 , iu kin: Cu) HCHO + Cu + H2 O
11. C2 H5 OH CH2 = CHCH = CH2 +H2 O+H2 (iu kin:M gO/ZnO hoc Al2 O3 /ZnO, 350
4500 C)
12. C6 H6 + Cl2 C6 H6 Cl6 (iu kin: nh sng khuch tn hoc nhit )
13. C6 H6 + Cl2 (hocBr2) C6 H5 Cl + HCl. (iu kin: bt F eCl3 , AlCl3 hoc c mt Fe, Al)
14.HCHO + Br2 (trong nc) CO2 + HBr.(iu kin: iu kin thng)
15. HCHO + H2 CH3 OH (iu kin: Ni, nhit )
16. R CHO + HCN (dd)(hoc CN ) R CH(OH) CN (iu kin: nhit thng)
17. R CH(OH) CN + H2 O R CH(OH) COOH + N H3 (iu kin: xc tc H2SO4 long)
18. RCOOH (RCO)2 O + H2 O (iu kin: P2 O5 , nhit )
19. CH3 COOH + Cl2 (hocBrom) Cl CH2 COOH + HCl (iu kin: nh sng hoc c
mt photpho)
20. CH3 CO CH3 + Br2 CH3 CO CH2 Br + HBr (iu kin: axit nh CH3COOH hoc
nh sng khuch tn)
21. HCOOH + Br2 (dd trong nc) H2 O + CO2 + HBr (iu kin: nhit thng)
22. R CHO + Cu(OH)2 + N aOH RCOON a + Cu2 O + H2 O (iu kin: un nng)
23. R CH(OH) CH2 OH + Cu(OH)2 Phc Cu2+ mu xanh lam m +H2 O. iu kin: nhit
thng)
24. CH3 COOH + Cu(OH)2 (CH3 COO)2 Cu + H2 O (iu kin: nhit thng)
25. C6 H5 N O2 + [H] C6 H5 N H2 + H2O. (iu kin: Fe/HCl hoc Zn,Sn trong HCl)
26. C6 H5 N H2 + N aN O2 + HCl [C6 H5 N2 ] + Cl + N aCl + H2 O (iu kin: nhit lnh 0
- 5 C)
27. C6 H5 N H2 + N aN O2 + HCl C6 H5 OH + N2 + N aCl + H2 O (iu kin: nhit thng
hoc un nng)
28. CH3 CHO + KM nO4 (long) + H2 O CH3 COOK + KOH + M nO2 (iu kin: iu kin
thng hoc un nng)
29. C2 H2 + KM nO4 + H2 SO4 CO2 + K2 SO4 + M nSO4 + H2 O(iu kin: iu kin thng hoc
un nng)
30. C2 H2 + HCl CH2 = CH Cl (iu kin: hi HCl, un nng)

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31. CH2 = CH Cl + HCl CH3 CH(Cl)2 (iu kin: hi HCl, un nng)

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1
1.1

Ha hc v c
Cu hi l thuyt

Cu 1: C cc ha cht : K2 Cr2 O7 , HCl, KM nO4 , M nO2 , N aCl, HClO, H2 SO4 , KClO3 . Nhng ha
cht c s dng iu ch Cl2 trong phng th nghim l
A. 3.

B. 4.

C. 5.

D. 6.

Li gii:
Phng php iu ch Cl2 trong phng th nghim l cho HCl tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha mnh.
Nhng cht l K2 Cr2 O7 , KM nO4 , M nO2 , KClO3 tnh thm HCl na th s l 5 cht
p n C.

Cu 2: Dy cc cht th hin tnh oxi ha khi tc dng vi SO2 :

A. Dung dch BaCl2 , CaO, nc brom.
B. Dung dch N aOH, O2 ,dung dch KM nO4 .
C. O2 ,nc brom,dung dch KM nO4 .
D. H2 S, O2 ,nc brom.
Li gii:
Nhn vo bi ta loi ngay cu D v H2 S c tnh kh, khng c tnh oxi ha
Cu A, B th BaCl2 khng tc dng vi SO2 cn phn ng vi N aOH, CaCl2 l phn ng trao i
Cu C ng
Cc phng trnh phn ng
2SO2 + O2 2SO3
SO2 + 2KM nO4 + 2H2 O 2M nSO4 + H2 SO4 + K2 SO4
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2 O H2 SO4 + 2HBr
Cu 3: Trong phng th nghim do s sut nn mt hc sinh iu ch qu nhiu kh Cl2 lm nhim
khng kh v c nguy c ph hy cc my mc thit b. loi b phn ln cho trong khng kh, nn
dng cch no sau y l hiu qu v hp l nht:
A. Bm khng kh trong phng sc qua dung dch kim.
B. Rc vi bt vo phng.
C. Thi mt lung kh N H3 va phi vo phng.
D. Phun m bng hi nc trong phng.
Li gii:
Vi bt khng tc dng vi kh Cl2 nn loi B.
Cl2 + H2 O HClO + HCl: khng nhng khng loi b kh m cn tng c tnh nn loi D.

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Cu hi l thuyt

Xt n phng n C. thi mt lung kh N H3 va phi vo phng c th (hi d mt t) c phn ng

sau xy ra:
8 NH3 + 3 Cl2 6 NH4 Cl + N2
(khng c)
Cu 4: Cho cc pht biu sau:
1. CO2 tan trong nc nhiu hn SO2 cng iu kin nhit p sut.
2. SO2 l phn t phn cc cn CO2 l phn t khng phn cc.
3. SO2 c tnh kh, CO2 khng c tnh kh.
4. SO2 dng chng nm mc cho lng thc, thc phm cn nc kh dng bo qun thc phm.
Pht biu khng ng l:
A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Li gii:
1.sai v CO2 rt t tan trong nc cn .SO2 th tan nhiu trong nc
p n B.
Cu 5: Cho cc phn ng:
1)Cu + HN O3 (long) X + ...
2)M nO2 + HCl Y + ...
3)N aHSO3 + N aHSO4 Z + ...
4)Ba(HCO3 )2 + HN O3 T + ... Cc kh sinh ra tc dng c vi dung dch N aOHl:
A. X;Y;Z;T.

B. Y;Z;T.

C. Z;T.

D. Y;T.

Li gii:
X, Y, Z, T ln lt l N O, Cl2 , SO2 , CO2
Do cc cht tc dng c vi dung dch N aOH l Y, Z, T
p n B.
Cu 6: Khi iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim bng phn ng phn hu H2 O2 (xc tc M nO2 ), kh oxi
sinh ra thng b ln hi nc. Ngi ta c th lm kh kh oxi bng cch dn kh i qua cc ng s cha
cht no di y?
A. N a.

B. Bt CaO.

C. CuSO4 .5H2 O.

D. Bt S.

Li gii:
p n B v CaO va c tc dng ht m tt va khng tc dng vi O2
Cu 7: Nh bo qun bng nc ozon, mn Bc H - Lo Cai, cam H Giang c bo qun tt hn,
v vy b con nng dn c thu nhp cao hn. Nguyn nhn no di y lm cho nc ozon c th bo
qun hoa qu ti lu ngy?
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Cu hi l thuyt
A. Ozon l mt kh c.
B. Ozon c v d tan trong nc hn oxi.

C. Ozon c tnh cht oxi ho mnh, kh nng st trng cao v d tan trong nc hn oxi.
D. Ozon c tnh ty mu.
Li gii:
p n C.
Cu 8: Trong phng th nghim, ngi ta thng bo qun dung dch HF trong cc bnh lm bng:
A. Nha.

B. Kim loi.

C. Thy tinh.

D. Gm s.

Li gii:
p n A v HF khng n mn c nha
Khng th s dng bnh lm bng thy tinh, kim loi v cha SiO2
PTHH:
SiO2 + 4 HF SiF4 + 2 H2 O
Cu 9: Trong phng th nghim, kh CO2 c iu ch t CaCO3 v dung dch HCl thng b ln kh
hiro clorua v hi nc. thu c CO2 gn nh tinh khit, ngi ta dn hn hp kh ln lt qua hai
bnh ng cc dung dch no trong cc dung dch di y?
A. N aOH, H2 SO4 c.

B. N aHCO3 ; H2 SO4 .

C. N a2 CO3 ; N aCl.

D. H2 SO4 c, N a2 CO3 .

Li gii:
p n D. Khi cho H2 SO4 c th n ht nc cn mui N a2 CO3 li tc dng vi kh HCl to ra kh
CO2
Cu 10: phng nhim c CO, ngi ta s dng mt n phng c c cha ha cht l:
A. Cu v M nO2 .

B. CuO v M gO.

C. CuO v than hot tnh.

D. Than hot tnh.

Li gii:
p n D, than hot tnh c kh nng hp ph cc cht kh
Cu 11: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1). dinh dng ca phn kali c nh gi bng hm lng phn trm ca kali trong phn.
(2). Phn ln c hm lng photpho nhiu nht l supephotphat kp ( Ca(H2 P O4 )2 ).
(3). Nguyn liu sn xut phn l qung photphorit v olmit.
(4). Bn nhiu phn m amoni s lm cho t chua.
(5). Thnh phn chnh ca phn ln nung chy l hn hp photphat v silicat ca canxi v magie.
(6). Phn ur c cng thc l (N H2 )2 CO.

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Cu hi l thuyt

(7). Phn hn hp cha nit, phtpho, kali c gi chung l phn NPK.

(8). Phn ln cung cp nit ha hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat (N O3 ) v ion amoni (N H4+ ).
(9). Amophot l hn hp cc mui (N H4 )2 HP O4 v KN O3 .
S pht biu ng l:
A. 7.

B. 4.

C. 6.

D. 5.

Li gii:
1. sai dinh dng ca phn kali c nh gi bng hm lng phn trm ca K2 O trong phn.
3. sai nguyn liu sn xut phn l qung photphorit.
8. sai phn m cung cp nit ha hp cho cy di dng ion nitrat (N O3 ) v ion amoni (N H4+ ).
9. sai nitrophotka l hn hp cc mui (N H4 )2 HP O4 v KN O3 .
Cc pht biu ng l 2,4,5,6,7
p n D.
Cu 12: Kh A khng mu c mi c trng, khi chy trong kh oxi to nn kh B khng mu, khng
mi. Kh B c th tc dng vi liti kim loi nhit thng to cht rn C. Ha tan cht rn C vo nc
thu c kh A. Kh A tc dng axit mnh D to ra mui E. Dung dch mui E khng to kt ta vi bari
clorua v bc nitrat. Nung mui E trong bnh kn sau lm lnh bnh ch thu c mt kh F v cht
lng G. Kh F l:
A. O2 .

B. H2 S.

C. N2 O.

D. N2 .

Li gii:
A l N H3
B l N2
C l Li3 N
E l N H4 N O3
F l N2 O
G l H2 O
p n C.
Cu 13: Cho dy cc cht Ca(HCO3 )2 , N H4 Cl, (N H4 )2 CO3 , ZnSO4 , Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2 . S cht
c tnh lng tnh l.
A. 4.

B. 3.

C. 7.

D. 6.

Li gii:
Cc cht l Ca(HCO3 )2 , (N H4 )2 CO3 , Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2
p n A.
Cu 14: Cho cc cht Al, Al2 O3 , Al2 (SO4 )3 , ZnOH2 , N aHS, K2 SO3 , (N H4 )2 CO3 . S phn ng phn
ng c vi HCl v N aOH
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Cu hi l thuyt
A. 5.

B. 6.

C. 7.

D. 4.

Li gii:
Cc cht l Al, Al2 O3 , ZnOH2 , N aHS, (N H4 )2 CO3 . Vy c 5 cht
p n A.
Cu 15: Dung dch Br2 mu vng chia thnh 2 phn. Dn kh X khng mu qua phn 1 thy dung dch
mt mu. Dn kh Y khng mu qua phn 2 thy dung dch sm mu hn. X v Y ln lt l:
A. H2 S v SO2 .

B. SO2 vH2 S.

C. SO2 v HI.

D. HI v SO2 .

Li gii:
Kh lm mt mu dung dch Br2 ch c th l H2 S hoc SO2
Kh lm mu dung dch sm mu hn l HI do I2 mu tm.
Vy chn C.
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
SO2 + Br2 + 2 H2 O 2 HBr + H2 SO4
2 HI + Br2 2 HBr + I2
Cu 16: X l mt halogen. Cho kh X2 , i qua dung dch N aOH long, lnh, sau phn ng thu c cht
kh Y. Cho Y i qua bt Mg thu c hn hp oxit v mui ca ion X , X l:
A. F .

B. Cl.

C. Br.

D. I.

Li gii:
X l flo do phn ng vi NaOH long, lnh l phn ng ring ca Flo to ra OF2
p n A.
Cu 17: C hai bnh kn khng gin n ng y cc hn hp kh t0 C nh sau:
- Bnh (1) cha H2 v Cl2
- Bnh (2) cha CO v O2
Sau khi un nng cc hn hp phn ng xy ra, a nhit v trng thi ban u th p sut trong
cc bnh thay i nh th no?
A. Bnh (1) gim, bnh (2) tng.

B. Bnh (1) khng i, bnh (2) gim.

C. Bnh (1) tng, bnh (2) gim.

D. Bnh (1) khng i, bnh (2) tng.

Li gii:
PTHH:
H2 + Cl2 HCl (1 )

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Cu hi l thuyt
2 CO + O2 2 CO2 (2 )

Ta thy bnh (1) th tch kh khng i v bnh (2) th tch kh gim.

Vy p n B.
Cu 18: Cho cc phn ng sau
(1) dung dch F eCl2 + dung dch AgN O3 d
(2) Hg + S
(3) F2 + H2O
(4) N H4Cl + N aN O2
(5) K + H2 O
(6) H2 S + O2 d
(7) SO2 + dung dch Br2
(8) Mg + dung dch HCl
(9) Ag + O3
t0

(10) KM nO4

(11) M nO2 + HCl c

(12) dung dch F eCl3 + Cu
Trong cc phn ng trn, s phn ng to n cht l bao nhiu?
Li gii:
(1) dung dch F eCl2 + dung dch AgN O3 d Ag
(2) Hg + S
(3) F2 + H2O O2
(4) N H4Cl + N aN O2 N2
(5) K + H2 O H2
(6) H2 S + O2 d
(7) SO2 + dung dch Br2
(8) Mg + dung dch HCl H2
(9) Ag + O3 O2
t0

(10) KM nO4
O2
(11) M nO2 + HCl c Cl2
(12) dung dch F eCl3 + Cu
Cu 19: Cho cc cp cht sau:
(1). Kh Cl2 v kh SO2
(2).Kh H2 S v dung dch P b(N O3 )2
(3).Kh H2 S v SO2
(4) Kh Cl2 v dung dch N aOH
(5) Li v N2
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Cu hi l thuyt

(6) Glixerol v Cu(OH)2

(7) Hg v bt S
(8) Kh CO2 v dung dch N aClO
(9) Kh F2 v Si
(10) Sc C2 H4 vo dung dch KM nO4
S cp cht xy ra phn ng ha hc nhit thng:
A. 6.

B. 9.

C. 7.

D. 8.

Li gii:
Tr (1) nn p n D.
Lu mt s phn ng gia kim loi vi phi kim xy ra ngay nhit thng nh:
6Li + N2 2Li3 N
Hg + S HgS
F2 + Si SiF4 (F2 l mt phi kim c tnh oxi ha rt mnh)
Hoc mt phn ng khc :SO2 + H2 S S + 2H2 O
Cu 20: Cho cc pht biu sau:
(1) SO2 l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy ra ma axit.
(2) S dng my photocopy khng ng cch c th gy hi cho c th do my khi hot ng to ra O3 .
(3) SO3 tan v hn trong axit sunfuric.
(4) Phn t SO2 khng phn cc .
(5) KM nO4 v KClO3 uc dng iu ch oxi v c tnh oxi ha mnh.
(6) SiO2 tan d trong kim nng chy v y c CO2 ra khi mui .
(7) Ging nh Cacbon, Silic c cc s oxi ho c trng 0, +2, +4, -4.
(8) Ct l SiO2 c cha nhiu tp cht.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

D. 7.

Li gii:
Cc pht biu ng l 1, 2,3,6, 8;
Vy p n B. Lu : (5) KM nO4 , KClO3 c dng iu ch oxi v nhng cht ny giu oxi v d b
nhit phn.
Cu 21: Cho hai mui X; Y tha mn iu kin sau:
X + Y khng xy ra phn ng.
Y v X u khng xy ra phn ng vi Cu.
X + Y + Cu xy ra phn ng
Cho cc cp cht
(1)M g(N O3 )2 ; KN O3 ; (2)N aN O3 ; N aHSO4 ; (3)F e(N O3 )3 ; N aHSO4 ; (4)N aN O3 ; N aHCO3 ; S cp
bring about change

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Cu hi l thuyt

cht tha mn X;Y l:

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Li gii:
Ch c N aN O3 ; N aHSO4 l tha mn nn chn p n A.
Cu 22: Cho l Zn vo dung dch HCl, c kh thot ra. Thm vo vi git dung dch CuSO4 th :
A. Phn ng ngng li.

B. Tc thot kh khng i.

C. Tc thot kh gim.

D. Tc thot kh tng.

Li gii:
Khi cha thm dd CuS O4 vo:
Zn2+ + 2 H+ H2 + Zn2+
H2 thot ra bm ln l km ngn cn l km tip xc vi dd axit nn tc phn ng chm.(n mn ha
hc).
Khi thm CuSO4 vo s xy ra phn ng
Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
Cu to ra bm ln l km hnh thnh pin in ha Zn Cu v c s dch chuyn dng electron gia hai
in cc, cc ion H + nhn electron b kh thnh H2 nn tc thot kh tng ( n mn in ha hc).
Cu 23: Cho dy cc kim loi: Li, Be, N a, M g, Al, K, Ca, Cr, Zn, Rb, Sr, Ba. S kim loi trong dy
phn ng vi nc nhit thng l:
A. 7.

B. 8.

C. 9.

D. 10.

Li gii:
nhit thng th s cLi, N a, K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Ba.. p n A.
Lu : M g tc dng nhanh vi H2 O nhit cao. nhit thng tan rt chm xem nh khng tan.
Be khng tc dng vi H2 O d mi nhit .
Al; Zn ch tc dng vi H2 O khi c mt kim mnh.
Cu 24: bo v thp, ngi ta tin hnh trng ln b mt thp mt lp mng thic. Hy cho bit
phng php chng n mn kim loi trn thuc vo phng php no sau y ?
A. in ha.

B. to hp kim khng g.

C. cch ly.

D. dng cht km hm.

Li gii:
St ty (Fe trng Sn) hay tn (Fe trng Zn) cng thuc phng php cch li hay phng php bo v b
mt
p n C.
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Cu hi l thuyt

Cu 25: in phn dung dch CuSO4 vi anot bng Cu. Cho cc pht biu sau:
A. Phng trnh in phn: .2CuSO4 + 2H2 O 2Cu + O2 + 2H2 SO4
B. Catot b ha tan.
C. C kh khng mu bay ra anot.
D. Dung dch khng i mu.
E. Khi lng catot gim bng khi lng anot tng.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Li gii:
Khi in phn dd CuSO4 , nu anot bng ng th sau mt thi gian in phn, ng anot tan v c kim
loi ng bm trn b mt catot.
PT in phn : Cu(anot) + Cu2+ Cu2+ + Cu(catot).
Ch c D ng nn p n A.
Cu 26: Cho mt lng st tan trong dung dch HN O3 long n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c dd X c mu nu nht v c kh nng lm mt mu dung dch KM nO4 /H2 SO4 . Cht tan trong
dung dch l:
A. F e(N O3 )3 ; HN O3 .

B. F e(N O3 )2 .

C. F e(N O3 )2 ; HN O3 .

D. F e(N O3 )2 ; F e(N O3 )3 .

Li gii:
X c kh nng lm mt mu dd KM nO4 /H2 SO4 nn X ch F e(N O3 )2
T y suy ra HN O3 ht.
X c mu nu nht nn X c cha F e(N O3 )3
p n D.
Cu 27: Cho phng trnh phn ng:
FeS2 + Cu2 S + HNO3 Fe2 (SO4 )3 + CuSO4 + NO + H2 O
Tng cc h s ca phng trnh vi cac s nguyn ti gin c c lp theo phng trnh trn l?
Li gii:
2F eS2 + Cu2 S 2F e+3 + 2Cu+2 + 5S +6 + 40e
N +5 + 3e N +2
6F eS2 + 3Cu2 S + 40HN O3 3F e2 (SO4 )3 + 6CuSO4 + 40N O + 20H2 O
Tng h s l 118.

Cu 28: Cho phng trnh phn ng:

Mg + HNO3 Mg(NO3 )2 + NO + N2 O + H2 O
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Bi tp rn luyn

Nu t l khi ca hn hp N O v N2 O i vi H2 l 17,8. T l s phn t b kh v s phn t oxy ha

l:
Li gii:
nN O : nN2 O = 3 : 2
25M g + 64HN O3 25M g(N O3 )2 + 6N O + 4N2 O + 32H2 O
T l l 14:25.

1.2

Bi tp rn luyn

Cu 29: Cho 158,4g hn hp X gm F e, F e(N O3 )2 , F e(N O3 )3 vo mt bnh kn ri nung nhit

cao phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng cht rn gim 55,2g so vi ban u. Cho cht rn ny tc
dng vi thu c kh NO v dung dch Y.Cho NaOH d vo Y c kt ta Z.Nung Z ngoi khng kh
ti khi lng khng i c m g cht rn. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 196 .

B. 120.

C. 128.

D. 115,2.

Li gii:



F ex Oy
Fe
0
N
O
HN O3
t
O2
Phn tch ton: F e(N O3 )2
F e(N O3 )3
N O2
F e(N O3 )3
Khi cho cht rn tc dng vi HN O3 to ra kh NO chng t F ex Oy cn cha hp cht st khc ngoi

F e2 O3 , v nh vy th O2 ht. V O2 tham gia phn ng oxi ha thnh F e+3 .

Nn cht rn gim chnh l lng N O2 thot ra mN O2 = 55, 2 nN O2 = 1, 2 (mol) nN O3 =
1, 2 (mol)
Ta c mX = mF e + mN O3 mF e = 158, 4 1, 2.62 = 84 g nF e = 1, 5 mol
p dng bo ton nguyn t tnh khi lng rn .mF e2 O3 = 1, 5.80 = 120g
p n B.
Cu 30: Hn hp X gm F eS, F eS2 , CuS tan va ht trong dung dch cha 0, 33mol H2 SO4 c sinh ra
0, 325mol SO2 v dd Y. Nhng thanh st nng 50g vo dd Y phn ng xong thy thanh st nng 49,48g
v dd Z. Cho Z phn ng vi HN O3 c nng d sinh ra kh N O2 duy nht v cn li dd E (khng cha
N H4+ ). Khi lng mui khan c trong E l:
A. 20,27.

B. 18,19.

C. 21.3.

D. 21,41.

Li gii:
Quy hn hp v [F eS; F eS2 ; CuS] = [F e; Cu; S] = (a; b; c) : mol
Bo ton e :3nF e + 2nCu + 6nS = 2nSO2 3a + 2b + 6c = 2.0, 325 = 0, 65
Bo ton in tch :3nF e3+ + 2nCu2+ = 2nSO42 = 2.[(0, 33 0, 325) + c] 3a + 2b 2c = 0, 01
2F e3+ + F e 3F e2+
a..........a/2.......3/2a

bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Cu2+ + F e Cu + F e2+
b.......b...............b.......
Khi lng kim loi gim l :
a
56.( + b) 64b = 50 49, 48 = 0, 52 28a 8b = 0, 52
2
Gii ra ta c :a = 0, 03; b = 0, 04; c = 0, 08
Bo ton in tch trong dung dch 
E

X
3a
3nF e = 2nSO42 + nN O3 3.
+ b = 2.[(0, 33 0, 325) + c] + nN O3
2
nN O3 = 0, 085
Khi lng trong E l :


X
3a
mF e3+ + mSO42 + mN O3 = 56.
+ b + 96.[(0, 33 0, 325) + c] + 62.0, 085 = 18, 19
2
p n B.
Cu 31: Hn hp X gm F eO, F e2 O3 , F e3 O4 , CuO. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch
H2 SO4 c nng d thu c 3,36 lt SO2 (ktc). Nu kh m gam hn hp X bng H2 un nng sau
1 thi gian thu c 76,64 gam hn hp Y, ho tan ht hn hp Y trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu
c 3,136 lt NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 77,60.

B. 79,2.

C. 79,6.

D. 77,28.

Li gii:
Xt phn ng :X + H2 SO4 .Theo , ta c: ne (X nhng)=2nSO2 = 0, 15.2 = 0, 3
Mt khc:
(e):ne (X nhng) + 2nH2 = 3nN O nH2 = 0, 06 = nO (b kh)
Mt khc: mX = my + mO(b kh) = 77, 6
Chn A.
Cu 32: Hn hp X gm F e3 C, F e, C. Cho m gam X tc dng vi dung dch H2 SO4 c nng d thu
c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi hiro l 30,48 v dung dch Z. Hp th ht kh Y vo 800 ml dung
dch hn hp NaOH 1M v KOH 1,2M thu c dung dch ch cha mui c tng khi lng mui l
132,26. C cn dung dch Z thu c m+50,04 gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,8.

B. 21,4.

C. 21,96.

D. 21,64.

Li gii:


SO2
Quy i hn hp X thnh F e, C Y
XO2 (X= 28,96)
CO2

+
2nXO32 + nHXO3 = n+

K + nN a = nOH = 1, 76

1303
mN a+ + mK + + mXO32 + mHXO3 = 132, 26
Theo u bi ta c:
nXO32 + nHXO3 =
=

1316
+ = 0, 8
n
N
a

nK + = 0, 8.1, 2
nY
MY = 60, 96 nCO2 = 0, 15; nSO2 = 0, 84
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Mt khc, Bo ton e cho c qu trnh, ta c:

3nF e + 4nc = 2nSO2 6nF e2 (SO4 )3 + 4nC = 2.0, 84 6

m + 50, 04
+ 4.0, 15 = 2.0, 84 m = 21, 96
400

Chn C.
Cu 33: Nung nng m gam hn hp X gm CaCO3 v F eCO3 trong khng kh n khi lng khng
i thu c 2 oxit c s mol bng nhau. Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HN O3 d thu
c 14,784 lt hn hp kh N O v CO2 (ktc, NO l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l
A. 44,82.

B. 9,76.

C. 74,70.

D. 68,72.

Li gii:


CaO(a mol)
0
CaCO3 (a mol) kk;t

b
F e2 O3 (
F eCO3 (b mol)
mol)
2
b
Theo bi ra, ta c: nCaO = nF e2 O3 a =
2
BTe, ta c:nF eCO3 = 3nN O (C): nCO2 = nCaCO3 + nF eCO3
Do :

a = b
a = 0, 18
2

Do :
b

b = 0, 36
+ a + b = 0, 66
3
m = mCaCO3 + mF eCO3 = 100a + 116b = 59, 76.
p n B.
Cu 34: Hn hp X gm Al2 O3 , M gO, F e2 O3 , ZnO. ho tan 31,48 gam hn hp X cn 325 gam
dung dch H2 SO4 19,6%. Dng kh CO d un nng kh 31,48 gam hn hp X thu c 27,16 gam
cht rn Y. Cht rn Y tc dng vi dung dch HN O3 long d thu c 2,24 lt hn hp kh N O v N2 O
(ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 17,1. S mol HN O3 tham gia phn ng l
A. 1,47375.

B. 1,56125 .

C. 1,45250 .

D. 1,58150.

Li gii:
Xt phn ng X + H2 SO4
nO2 /X = nH2 SO4 = 0, 65 ( Bn cht: H + + O2 H2 O)
Xt X+ CO
nO2 (b kh) =

31, 48 27, 16
= 0, 27 = nCO
16

pu

nO2 /Y = nO2 /X nO2 (b kh) = 0, 38

BTe, ta c:
2nCO = 3nN O + 8nN2 O + 8nN H4 N O3 2.0, 27 = 3.0, 07 + 8.0, 03 + 8nN H4 N O3 nN H4 N O3 = 0, 01125
Do :
nHN O3 (pu ) = 2nO2 /Y + 4nN O + 10nN2 O + 10nN H4 N O3 = 2.0, 38 + 4.0, 07 + 8.0, 01125 = 1, 4525.
p n C.
Cu 35: Ha tan hon ton m (g) hn hp x gm F eS v F eS2 ( lu hunh chim 44% khi lng hn
hp) trong 800 ml HN O3 4M , thu c dung dch Y v kh N O duy nht. Dung dch ny c th ha tan
ti a 44, 8g Fe cho kh N O duy nht. Gi tr ca m l:
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Bi tp rn luyn
A. 60,7.

B. 44.

C. 40.

D. 50.

Li gii:
Coi hn hp ch gm F e(xmol) v S(ymol)
Theo lu hunh chim 44% khi lng hn hp nn c y =

11x
8

Trong dung dch Y gm c F e2 (SO4 )3 v F e(N O3 )3

Y ha tan ti a nn st ch ln st 2
nF e3+ 3nHN O3 d
Ta c nF ehatan =
+
2
8
x
8
nHN O3 d = (0, 8 ) (1)
3
2
nHN O3 pu = nN O + 3nF e(N O3 )3
Mt khc ta c nF e(N O3 )3 = nF e nF e2 (SO4 )3 nHN O3 pu = 4nF e = 4x (2)

3nN O = 3nF e + 6nS

T (1) v (2) ta tnh c x = 0, 4mol m = 40g. p n C
Nhn xt: T bi ton ny ta c th p dng cng thc nhanh cho cc bi ton khc tng t ( hn hp
gm hp cht ca st v lu hunh)
l nHN O3 pu = 4nF e t c th rt ngn thi gian lm bi
Cu 36: Ha tan ht 53, 82g kim loi M (c ha tr duy nht trong cc hp cht) vo dung dch HN O3 (
cha bit r long hay c nng) thu c dung dch X (khng cha N H4+ )v 8, 064 lt hn hp kh Y
( gm hai kh) c t khi so vi H2 bng 16, 75.Mt khc c cn X thu c 190, 8g rn Z Thnh phn
phn trm v khi lng ca N (nit) trong Z l:
A. 15,58 %.

B. 17,85 %.

C. 15,87 %.

D. 18,75 %.

Li gii:
Gi s X ch gm mui nitrat nN = nN O3 = (190, 8 53, 82)/62 = 2, 21 mol
Tha d kin + khng c p n loi. Vy X gm M (N O3 )n v M (OH)n
T tnh c: nH2 = 0, 09 ; nN2 O = 0, 27 mol ( ch ny hai th gm N O2 v N2 O ) nHN O3 (p) = 2, 7
BT nguyn t N: nN (X) = nHN O3 nN (Y ) = 2, 7 0, 27.2 = 2, 16 mol
p n A.
Cu 37: Hn hp X gm M g, Al, M gO, F eO, M g(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 . Nung m gam hn hp X trong iu
kin khng c khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m 1, 44 gam hn hp rn Y. ho tan
m gam hn hp X cn 1, 50 lt dung dch HCl1M thu c 3, 808lt H2 (ktc). Cho m gam hn hp X
bng dung dch HN O3 long d thu c 4, 48 lt N O (ktc) v dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu
c m + 108, 48 gam mui khan. S mol HN O3 tham gia phn ng l:
A. 2,250.

B. 2,424.

C. 2,135.

D. 2,725.

Li gii:
Khi nung trong iu kin khng c khng kh: 2OH O2 + H2 O

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Bi tp rn luyn

mgim = mH2 O = 1, 44 nH2 O = 0, 08 nOH = 0, 16

nH + = 2nH2 = 0, 34 (to kh )
2H + + O2 H2 O
nO2 = 1/2nH2 = (1, 5 0, 34 0, 16)/2 = 0, 5
Gi nN H4 N O3 = x
108, 48 = 0, 16(62 17) + 80x 16.0, 5 + 62(8x + 0, 2.3 + 0, 5.2)
x = 0, 0175 nHN O3 = 2O2 + nOH + 10nN H4 N O3 + 4nN O = 2, 135 mol
p n C.
Cu 38: Hn hp X gm Al, Zn, F e, M g. Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu
c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m + 27, 69 gam hn hp mui. Oxi ha dung dch Y
cn 0, 784 lt kh Clo (ktc). Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi oxi sau 1 thi gian thu c m + 1, 76
gam hn hp Z. Cho hn hp Z tc dng vi dung dch HN O3 long d thu c 4, 032 lt N O (ktc)
v dung dch T. C cn dung dch T thu c 70, 22 gam mui khan. Phn trm khi lng Fe trong hn
hp X l:
A. 26,96 %.

B. 20,22 %.

C. 23,59 %.

D. 30,32 %.

Li gii:
1
Gi nN H4 N O3 = x, 8x + nN O .3 + nO .2 = nCl2 .2 + nH2 .2 nH2 = 27, 69/35, 5 = 0, 39
2
Thay vo trn c x = 0, 01125
mN H4 N O3 = 0, 9. mm0 KL = 70, 22 0, 9 = 69, 32. nN O3 = nCl2 .2 + nH2 .2
mKL = mm0 KL 3N O3 = 16, 62
m nF e = 0, 035.2 = 0, 07
p n C.
Cu 39: Cho x mol hn hp kim loi Zn, Fe (c t l mol 1 : 1) tan ht trong dung dch cha y mol H2 SO4
(t l x : y = 2 : 5). Sau khi kim loi tan ht thu c sn phm kh Y duy nht v dung dch Z ch cha
mui sunfat. Cho m gam Cu tan hon ton trong dung dch Z. Gi tr m ln nht l :
A. 6,4 y.

B. 19,2 y.

C. 12,8 y.

D. 12,8 x.

Li gii:
Gi s c 1 mol Zn, 1 mol Fe th s c 5 mol H2 SO4 , Zn phn ng trc th s mol H2 SO4 cn l 3 mol
M ta c 2F e + 6H2 SO4 F e2 (SO4 )3 + SO2 + 6H2 O
nF e
64 = 32 = 6, 4y p n A.
Phn ng va ht nn s g Cu l : m =
2
Cu 40: Ho tan hon ton 5,4g oxit kim loi X bng dung dich HN O3 d thu c 0,224 lt NO. Cho
dung dch sau phn ng tc dng vi KOH d nng nng th thu c 0,126 lt kh na. X l:
A. FeO.

bring about change

B. MnO hoc FeO.

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Bi tp rn luyn
C. MnO hoc Cu2 O.

D. Kt qu khc.

Li gii:
nN H4 N O3 = 5, 625.103 mol, nN O = 0, 01 mol nenhn = 0, 01.3 + 5, 625.103 .8 = 0, 075 mol
Gi x l s electron X nhng M.0, 075/x = 5, 4 M = 72x
x = 1 M = 72(F eO) x = 2 M = 144(Cu2 O)
p n D.
Cu 41: Hn hp bt A gm 3 kim loi M g, Zn, Al. Khi ha tan ht 7, 5g A vo 1 lt dd HN O3 thu c
1 lt dd B v hh kh D gm N O v N2 O.Thu kh D vo bnh dung tch 3, 2(l) c cha sn N2 O0 C v
0, 23atm th nhit trong bnh tng ln dn 27, 30 C, p sut 1,1atm. Khi lng bnh tng thm 3, 72g.
Nu cho 7, 5g A vo 1 lt dd KOH2M th sau phn ng khi lng dd tng thm 5, 7g.Gi tr tng s
mol 3 kim loi trong A.
A. 0,2.

B. 0,5.

C. 0,4.

D. 0,25.

Li gii:
Gi s mol ca M g, Zn, Al ln lt l a, b, c.
Khi cho hn hp kh D vo bnh dung tch 3,2 lt. Theo cng thc n =

PV
, ta tnh c ngay:
RT

nN2 = 0, 03mol, nhh kh trong bnh = 0, 14mol

Khi nhhN O,N2 O = 0, 11mol
MN O,N2 O = 34. S dng ng cho ta tnh c nN O = 0, 07mol, nN2 O = 0, 04mol Khi cho A vo
KOH ta c ngay 7, 5 5, 7 = mM g(OH)2 + mH2 58a + 2b + 3c = 1, 8
T ta c h:

24a + 65b + 27c = 7, 5

2a + 2b + 3c = 0, 53

58a + 2b + 3c = 0, 18

a = 0, 02
b = 0, 06

c = 0, 12

T suy ra nhh kim loi = a + b + c = 0, 2

p n A.
Cu 42: Mt hn hp rn A gm kim loi M v mt oxit ca kim loi . Ngi ta ly ra 2 phn, mi
phn c khi lng 59, 2 g.
Phn 1:Ha tan vo dung dch ca hn hp N aN O3 v H2 SO4 (va ) thu c 4, 48 lt kh N O
v dung dch B.C cn thu c m g rn khan.
Phn 2: em nung nng ri cho tc dng vi kh H2 d cho n khi c mt cht rn duy nht,
ha tan ht cht rn bng nc cng toan th c 17, 92 (lt) kh N O thot ra. Cc th tch o
KTC.
Gi tr ca m gn nht vi:

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Bi tp rn luyn
A. 160.

B. 170.

C. 180.

D. 190.

Li gii:
Quy hn hp gm [M, Mx Oy ] = [M, O] = (a; b) : mol
Bo ton e cho phn 1: m.nM = 3nN O + 2nO m.a = 3.0, 2 + 2b (Vi m l ha tr ca M)
Bo ton e cho phn 2:m.nM = 3nN O = 3.0, 8 = 2, 4
T suy ra :nO = 0, 9 mO = 14, 4 mM = 44, 8
Trong dung dch B c cha :M m+ ; SO42 ; N a+ Bo ton ion :
m.nM + nN a+ = 2nSO42 2, 4 + 0, 2 = 2nSO42 nSO42 = 1, 3
Khi lng dung dch B l :
mB = mN a+ + mSO42 + mM m+ = 23.0, 2 + 96.1, 3 + 44, 8 = 174, 2
p n B.
Cu 43: 15: Cho 3,2 gam hn hp F e v Cu( c t l mol tng ng 8 : 3 )vo 100ml dung dch cha
HN O3 0,2M, H2 SO4 0,9M v N aN O3 0,4M. Sau khi kt thc phn ng thu c kh N O sn phm
kh duy nht. C cn cn thn ton b dung dch thu c sau phn ng th khi lng mui khan thu
c l.
A. 13,38.

B. 32,48.

C. 24,62.

D. 12,13.

Li gii:
T bi t l mol F e : Cu = 8 : 3 ta suy ra nF e = 0, 04mol, nCu = 0, 015mol
3+
S mol e cho
( ti a l (F e F e ): 0, 04.3 + 0, 015.2 = 0, 15mol
nH + = 0, 2mol
Mt khc:
Bn phn ng kh:
nN O3 = 0, 06mol

4H + + N O3 + 3e N O + 2H2 O
3
S mol e nhn l :ne nhn = nH + = 0, 15mol = ne cho
4
Nn ta suy ra kim loi tan va ht Dung dch sau phn ng :

N O3 d : 0, 01mol

SO2 : 0, 09mol
4
+

N a : 0, 04mol

ion KL : 3, 2g
Khi mmui = 3, 2 + 0, 04.23 + 0, 01.62 + 0, 09.96 = 13, 38g
p n A.
Cu 44: 16: Nhit phn 50,56 gam KM nO4 sau 1 thi gian thu c 46,72 gam cht rn. Cho ton b
lng kh sinh ra phn ng ht vi hn hp X gm Mg, Fe thu c hn hp Y nng 13,04g. Ha tan
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

hon ton Y trong dung dch H2 SO4 c nng d thu c 1,344l SO2 ktc( sn phm kh duy nht).
Phn trm khi lng Mg trong X:
A. 39,13 %.

B. 46,15 %.

C. 28,15 %.

D. 52,17 %.

Li gii:
S dng bo ton khi lng suy ra :mO2 = 50, 56 46, 72 = 3, 84 nO2 = 0, 12 nO = 0, 24
Mg: x mol, Fe: y mol. Ta c ngay h
(
2x + 3y = 0, 24.2 + 0, 06.2 = 0, 6
24x + 56y = 13, 04 0, 24.16 = 9, 2
T suy ra %M g =

(
x = 0, 15
y = 0, 1

0, 15.24
= 39, 13%
9, 2

p n A.
Cu 45: Cho m1 gam hn hp gm Mg, Al vo m2 gam dung dch HN O3 24 %. Sau khi cc kim loi
tan ht c 8,96 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X gm N O, N2 O, N2 bay ra ( ktc) v dung dch A. Thm mt
lng va O2 vo X, sau phn ng thu c hn hp kh Y. Dn Y t t qua dung dch NaOH d c
4,48 lt hn hp kh Z i ra ( ktc). T khi ca Z i vi H2 bng 20. Nu cho dung dch NaOH vo A
c lng kt ta ln nht thu c 62,2 gam kt ta. Tnh m1 , m2 . Bit lng HN O3 ly d 20%
so vi lng cn thit.
Li gii:
Khi thot ra gm N2 O, N2 d tnh c nN2 O = 0, 15, N2 = 0, 05
Suy ra nN O = 0, 2
Gi s mol ca Mg, Al ln lt l x v y


2x + 3y = 3.0, 2 + 0, 15.8 + 0, 05.10 = 2, 3

58x + 78y = 62, 2
Tnh c x = 0, 4; y = 0, 5 m = 23, 1g. nHN O3 p = 2x + 3y + 0, 2 + 2.0, 15 + 2.0, 05 = 2, 9mol

Do khi lng kt ta l ln nht nn c h

Vy nHN O3 = 2, 9.1, 2 = 3, 48mol Suy ra m2 = 913, 5g

Cu 46: Cho 6, 69g hn hp dng bt gm Al v F e vo 100mldung dch CuSO4

0, 75M khuy k

phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c cht rn X. Ha tan hon ton X bng HN O3

1M thu c kh

N O sn phm kh duy nht. Th tch HN O3 ti thiu cn dng l:

A. 0,5.

B. 0,6.

C. 0,4.

D. 0,3.

Li gii:
Gi s hn hp ban u ch c Al.Khi : nAl = 0, 248(mol)
BTe, ta c: 3nN O = 3nAl nN O = 0, 248( mol) Khi : nHN O3 = 4nN O = 4.0, 248 = 0, 988(mol)
Mt khc, Gi s hn hp ban du ch c F e Khi : nF e = 0, 119. HN O3 min trong trng hp ny
th F e ch c to mui st (II)(Khi s mol NO sinh ra t nht nn HN O3 dng t nht)
Lp lun tng t nh trn ta c:3nN O = 2nF e nN O = 0, 079 nHN O3 = 0, 316(mol)
Do vy: 0, 316 < nHN O3 min < 0, 988
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

p n C.
Cu 47: Hn hp X gm BaO, F eO v CuO . Cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch hn hp
HCl0, 75M v HBr0, 25M va thu c dung dch Y cha 73, 7475 gam cht tan. Cho m gam hn
hp X tc dng vi dung dch H2 SO4 long d thu c 0, 96m gam kt ta. Cho m gam hn hp X tc
dng vi dung dch HN O3 long d thu c 0, 672 lt N O (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Cho dung
dch Y tc dng vi dung dch AgN O3 d thu c m1 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m1 l:
A. 130,3275.

B. 132,6825.

C. 128,3625.

D. 124,1275 .

Li gii:
Gi s mol BaO, F eO v CuO ln lt l x, y, z.
D c: nO = x + y + z nH+ = 2(x + y + z)
Li thy nCl =3nBr nn d dng suy ra c s mol hai thng ny theo x, y, z

0, 37.153x = 0, 63(72y + 80z)

x = 0, 18
y
=
0,
09
Khi ta c h
y = 0, 09..

137x + 56y + 64z + 80(x + y + z) + 3.35, 5(x + y + z) = 73, 7475

z = 0, 12
2
2
T suy ra nCl = 3nBr = 0, 585. mkt = mAgCl + mAgBr + mAg = 130, 3275
p n A
Cu 48: Ha tan hon ton 1, 28g

Cu vo dung dch cha 0, 12mol

HN O3 thu c dung dch X v

hn hp kh Y gm N O v N O2 .Cho X tc dng hon ton vi 105mldung dch KOH

1M , sau phn

ng lc b kt ta c dd Y1 .C cn Y1 thu c cht rn Z. Nung Z n khi lng khng i, thu

c 8, 78g cht rn. T khi ca kh Y so vi He l:
A. 9.

B. 10.

C. 9,5.

D. 8.

Li gii:
Theo(: nCu = 0, 02 mol;(nKOH = 0, 105 mol
(
x = nKOHd
x + y = 0, 105
x = 0, 005
Gi

mol
y = nKN O3
56x + 85y = 8, 78
y = 0, 1
nHN O3 d = nKN O3 2nCu(N O3 )2 = 0, 06 mol nHN O3 P = 0, 12 0, 06 = 0, 06 mol
Bo ton nguyn t Nito v bo ton electron ta tnh c: nN O = nN O2 = 0, 01 mol MX =
0, 01.30 + 0, 01.46
= 38 D = 38/4 = 9, 5
0, 01 + 0, 01
p n C.
Cu 49: Thi mt lung kh CO qua ng s cha 37, 76 gam hn hp gm F e2 O3 v F e3 O4 un nng,
sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp rn X v hn hp kh Y. Hp th ton b kh Y vo nc vi trong ly
d thu c 32,0 gam kt ta. Ha tan ht rn X trong 240 gam dung dch HN O3 35, 7% thu c dung
dch Z ch cha cc mui c khi lng 98, 8 gam v hn hp gm cc kh, trong oxi chim 61, 538%
v khi lng. Nng phn trm C% ca F e(N O3 )3 c trong dung dch Z l.
A. 18,24 %.

bring about change

B. 15,96 %.

C. 55,61 %.

D. 23,16 %.

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Bi tp rn luyn

Li gii:
Hn hp Z gm F e(N O3 )2 v F e(N O3 )3 ( v F e l kim loi c tnh kh yu khng c kh nng to mui
amoni); HN O3 ht.
nO = nCO2 = nCaCO3 = 0, 32 mol mX = 37, 76 0, 32.16 = 32, 64 gam. nHN O3 = 1, 36 mol
nH2 O = 0, 68 mol
BTKL: mkh = mX + mHN O3 mH2 O mmui = 7, 28 gam nN (trong kh) = 0, 2 mol
nN O3 (trong mui) = 1, 36 0, 2 = 1, 34 mol
(
(
(
x = nF e(N O3 )2
2x + 3y = 1, 34
2x + 3y = 1, 16

y = nF e(N O3 )3
180x + 242y = 98, 8
180x + 242y = 98, 8
mddsauP = 265, 36 g C%F e(N O3 )3 = 18, 34%

(
x = 0, 28
y = 0, 2

p n A.
Cu 50: Cho hn hp rn X gm F eS; F eS2 ; F e2 O3 ; F eO; S; CuO (Trong oxi chim 16%mX ).Ha
tan hon ton 10g X bng mt lng va H2 SO4 c, nng. Sau phn ng thy thot ra 0, 31mol

SO2

v dung dch Y . Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi mt lng bt M g. Sau thy thanh kim loi tng 2, 8g
(Gi s kim loi to ra bm ht vo thanh M g). Mt khc, t chy hon ton 10g X cn va V (l) hn
hp kh A gm oxi v ozon (T l mol 1:1). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,4784.

B. 1,4783.

C. 1,5322.

D. 1,5680.

Li gii:
Coi hn hp gm F e, Cu, O, S gi s mol F e,
Cu, S ln lt l x, y, z
57

x
=

700
56x + 64y + 32z = 8, 4g

41
Ta c: 3x + 2y = 2z + (0, 4 0, 31)2 y =

1400

x(56 24) + y(64 24) = 2, 8

z = 43
700
61
D suy ra 2nO =
0, 35. Suy ra V = 1, 568
175
p n D.
Cu 51: Trn KM nO4 ; KClO3 vi mt lng bt M nO2 trong bnh kn thu c hn hp X.Ly 52, 55g
X em nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp rn Y v V (lt) O2 . Bit rng KClO3 nhit phn
hon ton to 14, 9g

KClchim 36, 315% khi lng cht rn Y . Sau cho ton b Y tc dng hon

ton vi axit HCl c, d, un nng, sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c 51, 275g mui khan.Hiu
sut qu trnh nhit phn KM nO4 l:
A. 62,5 %.

B. 91,5 %.

C. 75 %.

D. 80 %.

Li gii:
mY = 14, 9 : 0, 36315 = 41, 03(g) nO2 =

52, 55 41, 03
= 0, 36(mol), nKCl = 0, 2mol
32

2 KMnO4 K2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

Gi s mol ca KMnO4 ;K2 MnO4 ;MnO2 trong Y ln lt l x, y, z

bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

158x + 197y + 87z = 41, 03 14, 9 = 26, 13

x = 0, 03
Khi ta c h: 4x + 4y + 2z + 2.0, 36 = 4(x + 2y) + 0, 2.3 + 2(z y) y = 0, 06

200, 5x + 275y + 126z = 51, 275 14, 9 = 36, 375

z = 0, 11
Vy hiu sut l 80%
p n D.
Cu 52: Cho m(g) hn hp gm N aBr v N aI phn ng vi dd H2 SO4 c nng thu c hn hp kh
A (KTC). iu kin thch hp, hn hp kh A phn ng va vi nhau to thnh cht rn c mu
vng v mt cht lng khng mu lm i mu qu tm. Cho N a d vo phn cht lng thu c dung
dch B. Dung dch B hp th va 2, 24(l) CO2 (KTC) c 9, 5g mui.Gi tr ca m l:
A. 196,46.

B. 195,45.

C. 197,64.

D. 196,56.

Li gii:
Hn(
hp kh A gm: SO2 , H2 S, cht lng l H2 O

x = nN a2 CO3
x + y = 0, 1
Gi

x = y = 0, 05
106x + 84y = 9, 5
y = nN aHCO3
nN aOH = 2nN a2 CO3 + nN aHCO3 = 0, 15 mol nH2 S = 0, 15 mol ; nSO2 = 0, 075 mol
2 NaBr + 2 H2 SO4 Na2 SO4 + SO2 + Br2 + 2 H2 O
8 NaI + 5 H2 SO4 4 Na2 SO4 + H2 S + 4 I2 + 4 H2 O
m = 0, 075.2.103 + 0, 15.8.150 = 195, 45 gam
p n B.
Cu 53: Hn hp X c F eS2 v MS (c t l mol 1 : 1, M c ha tr khng i). Cho 6,51 gam X tc dng
hon ton vi dung dch HN O3 d c dung dch Y v 0,59 mol hn hp kh Z gm (NO v N O2 ) c
khi lng 26,34 gam. Thm dung dch BaCl2 d vo Y c m gam kt ta trng khng tan trong dung
dch axit d trn. Tnh gi tr m v thnh phn phn trm khi lng MS trong hn hp X l:
A. 20,97 v 44,7%.

B. 20,97 v 44,7%.

C. 6,99 v 44,7%.

D. 6,99 v 55,3%.

Li gii:
Gi nF eS2 = nM S = x mol x(152 + M ) = 6, 51
F eS2 F e3+ + 2.S 6+ + 15e
M S M n+ + S 6+ + (6 + n)e

Bo ton e: 

N 5+ + 3e N 2+
N 5+ N 4+ + 1e
15x + (6 + n)x = 0, 69
0, 69
= 6, 51. Chn n=2 ta c M=65 (Zn) %M S = 44, 7%
Gii 2 phng trnh trn (152 + M ).
21 + n
Ta c : m = mBaSO4 = 0, 09.233 = 20, 97
p n A.
Cu 54: Mt dung dch c cha 4 ion ca 2 mui v c trong c ion SO42 , khi tc dng va vi dung
dch Ba(OH)2 un nng cho kh X, kt ta Y v dung dch Z. Dung dch Z sau khi axit ha tan bng
HN O3 to vi AgN O3 kt ta trng ha en ngoi nh sng. Kt ta Y em nung c a g cht rn T.
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Ga tr ca A thay i ty theo lng Ba(OH)2 em dng: nu va th a cc i v nu ly d th a

gim n cc tiu. Khi ly cht rn T vi gi tr cc i a = 7, 204 gam, thy T ch phn ng ht vi 60
ml dd HCl 1.2 M, cn li 5,98 gam cht rn. Hy lp lun xc nh cc ion c trong dung dch.
Li gii:
Khi cho dd tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 c kh thot ra nn trong dd c cha ion N H4+ nn kh X l N H3
NH4+ + OH NH3 ;Ba2+ + SO42 BaSO4
Dd Z tc dng vi AgN O3 to kt ta trng ho en ngoi nh sng nn trong dd c cha Cl
Cl + AgNO3 AgCl+ NO3 ;2 AgCl 2 Ag + Cl2
Gi tr ca a thay i ty theo lng Ba(OH)2 em dng: nu va a cc i, nu ly d a gim n
cc tiu: trong dd phi c cha kim loi to hidroxit lng tnh. Vi Y cc i em nung ch c hidroxit
b nhit phn
Mn+ + nOH M(OH)n
2 M(OH)n M2 On + nH2 O
M2 On + HCl 2 MCln + nH2 O
0, 036
1
.1, 2.0, 06 =
2n
n
(7, 204 5, 98)n
2M + 16n + 34n M = 9n
MM2 On =
0, 036
Vy M l Al nn trong dd c cha Al3+

nM2 On =

Cu 55: Cho 5 gam bt Mg vo dung dch hn hp KN O3 v H2 SO4 , un nh, trong iu kin thch
hp, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c dung dch A cha m gam mui; 1,792 lt hn hp kh
B ( ktc) gm hai kh khng mu, trong c mt kh ha nu ngoi khng kh v cn li 0,44 gam cht
rn khng tan. Bit t khi hi ca B i vi H2 l 11,5. Gi tr ca m l?
A. 27,96.

B. 29,72.

C. 31,08.

D. 36,04.

Li gii:
5 0, 44
nM g =
= 0, 19(mol)
24

N O : 0, 06(mol)
MB = 23 B :
(Do c hai kh khng mu , mt kh ha nu l N O)
H2 : 0, 02(mol)
Kh H2 thot ra cho thy N O3 ht.
(BTe), ta c: 2nM g = 2nH2 + 3nN O + 8nN H4+ nN H4+ = 0, 02.

nM g2+ : 0, 19mol

nK = nN O = 0, 02 + 0, 06 = 0, 08
3
Do : A gm:
nN H4+ = 0, 02

n 2 = 0, 19.2 + 0, 08 + 0, 02
SO4
2
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Vy m = 31, 08g
p n C.
Cu 56: Cho 8g hn hp hai kim loi M g v F e vo 50ml hn hp hai dung dch axit H2 SO4 v HCl
c nng tng ng l 1,8M v 1,2M. Dn ton b kh sinh ra qua ng cha 16g CuO nung nng.
ha tan ht cht rn cn li trong ng cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HN O3 c 42%, d = 1, 2g/ml?Bit
phn ng ha tan sinh ra N O2
Li gii:
Theo : nH + = 2nH2 SO4 + nHCl = 0, 05.2.1, 8 + 0, 05.1, 2 = 0, 24 mol
Gi s hn hp kim loi ch c F e nhhmin = 8/45 = 0, 143 mol
hn hp kim loi tan ht th nH + 2nhhmin 0, 143.2 = 0, 286mol > 0, 24 ( cho)
Suy ra hh kim loi cha tan ht.
Bo ton H suy ra nH2 = 1/2nH + = 0, 12 mol nCuO = 0, 2 0, 12 = 0, 08 mol nCu = 0, 12 mol
nHN O3 = 2nCuO + 4nCu = 0, 08.2 + 0, 12.4 = 0, 64 mol VHN O3 = 0, 64.63.100/42 = 96 ml
Cu 57: 29: Hn hp A gm KClO3 , Ca(ClO2 )2 , Ca(ClO3 )2 , CaCl2 v KCl nng 83,68 gam. Nhit
phn hon ton A ta thu c cht rn B gm CaCl2 , KCl v 17,472 lt kh ( ktc). Cho cht rn B tc
dng vi 360 ml dung dch K2 CO3 0,5M (va ) thu c kt ta C v dung dch D. Lng KCl trong
dung dch D nhiu gp 22/3 ln lng KCl c trong A. Phn trm khi lng KClO3 c trong A l:
A. 47,83 %.

B. 56,72 %.

C. 54,67 %.

D. 58,55 %.

Li gii:
Ta c: nO2 = 0, 78 mB = 58, 72g
D c nCaCl2 = nK2 CO3 = 0, 18 mKCltrong B = 38, 74g
mKCltrongD = 38, 74 + 2.0, 18.74, 5 = 65, 56 nKCltrongA = 0, 12
nKClO3 = nKCltrong B nKCltrongA = 0, 4 T suy ra % khi lng KClO3 c trong A l: 58,55%
p n D.
Cu 58: Cho 93, 4g hn hp A gm 3 mui M gCl2 , N aBr, KI vo 700mldung dch AgN O3

2M .

Khi phn ng kt thc, thu c dung dch D v kt ta B. Lc b kt ta B, cho 22, 4g bt st vo

dung dch D. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c cht rn F v dd E.Cho F vo dung dch HCl d to ra
4, 48(l)

H2 (KTC) v dung dch Y . Cho dung dch N aOH d vo dung dch E v Y thu c kt ta,

nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 40g cht rn.
1. Khi lng kt ta B l:
A. 179,6 g.

B. 176,9 g.

C. 198,6 g.

D. 189,8 g.

2.Ha tan hn hp A trn vo nc thu c dung dch X. Dn V (l) kh Cl2 sc vo dung dch X , c
cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 66, 2g cht rn. Gi tr ca V l:
A. 8,96.

B. 2,24.

C. 4,48.

D. 13,44.

Li gii:
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Cho 22, 4g bt st vo dung dch D. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c cht rn F nn AgN O3 cn d
Cho F vo dung dch HCl d to ra 4, 48(l)

H2 nn F e d

Cho dung dch N aOH d vo dung dch E v Y thu c kt ta, nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi
lng khng i thu c 40g cht rn. Cht rn chnh l F e2 O3 , M gO
nF ed = 0, 2 nAgN O3 d = 2nF ep = 0, 4mol
nAgN O3 p = 1 T s gam cht rn suy ra nM g = 0, 2 .Gi s mol N aBr, KI ln lt l x, y

103x + 166y = 74, 4
C ngay:
x = 0, 4; y = 0, 2 m = 0, 4.188 + 0, 2.235 + 0, 2.2.143, 5 =
x + y = 0, 6
179, 6g
D thy khi sc Cl2 th u tin mui KI phn ng trc
gim khi lng l:
m = 93, 4 66, 2 = 27, 2 = 0, 2(127 35, 5) + 0, 2(80 35.5) nCl2 = 0, 2
Vy V = 2, 24l
p n 1.A, 2.B
Cu 59: Ho tan hon ton hn hp X cha F e3 O4 v F eS2 trong 63 gam dung dichj HN O3 thu c
1,568 lt N O2 duy nht (ktc). Dung dch thu c tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch N aOH 2M,
lc kt ta ri nung n khi lng khng i th thu c 9,76 gam cht rn. Nng ca dung dch
HN O3 ban u l:
A. 47,2 %.

B. 42,6 %.

C. 46,2 %.

D. 46,6 %.

Li gii:
Thy HN O3 d nn st chuyn tt ln st 3 nF e2 O3 = 0, 061
Gi s mol F 
e3 O4 v F eS2 ln ltl x v y
3x + y = 0, 122
x = 0, 04
Khi ta c:

y = 0, 002
x + 15y = 0, 07
nN a+ = nN O3 + 2nSO42 nHN O3 d = 0, 4 0, 061.2.3 2.0, 002.2 = 0, 026 mol
Suy ra tng s mol HN O3 l 0, 026 + 0, 061.2.3 + 0, 07 = 0, 462 Vy C%(HN O3 ) = 46, 2 %
p n C.
Cu 60: Nung 19,4 gam hn hp F e(N O3 )2 , AgN O3 mt thi gian thu c cht rn X. Cho X vo nc
n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton th thu c cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Cho Y vo dung dch HCl
d c 4,32 gam cht rn khng tan. Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th c kh khng mu thot ra
ha nu trong khng kh. Phn trm v khi lng ca AgN O3 trong hn hp ban u l :
A. 30,94 %.

B. 35,05 %.

C. 22,06 %.

D. 30,67 %.

Li gii:
Ta c: cht rn X gm F e2 O3 , Ag, F e(N O3 )2 , AgN O3
DDZ + HCl c kh khng mu thot ra ho nu trong khng kh nn dd ch F e2+ . nn khi cho cht
bring about change

28

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Bi tp rn luyn

rn X ho tan vo nc xy ra p F e2+ + Ag + F e3+ + Ag

Nn F e2+ d, Ag + ht
Vy cht rn l Ag nAgN O3 = nAg = 0, 04 mol
p n B.
Cu 61: Trong bnh kn dung tch 10,6 lt cha kh CO v mt lng hn hp A gm F e3 O4 v F eCO3
28, 60 C p sut trong bnh l 1,4 atm (th tch cht rn coi nh khng ng k). Nung nng bnh nhit
cao cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Hn hp sau phn ng c t khi so vi H2 l 20,5. Ha tan
hon ton hn hp A trong dung dch HN O3 long, thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh gm N O v CO2
00 C v 1,5 atm. Th tch dung dch HCl 0,5 M ha tan ht hn hp gn nht vi :
A. 1,5 lt.

B. 2 lt.

C. 2,5 lt .

D. 3 lt.

Li gii:
Theo : nCO = 0, 6 mol; nCO2 +N O = 0, 06 mol
Gi x,y (mol) l s mol F e3 O4 , F eCO3
Ta c :
CO + [O] CO2
nCO2 sau p = 4x + 2y (mol), nCOdu = 0, 6 4x y mol
Da vo t khi ta c pt: 64x + 19y = 1, 56 mol
x+y
Bo ton e ta c:
+ y = 0, 06
3
Gii h pt ta c: x = 0, 1172; y = 0, 0157 mol nHCl = 8nF e3 O4 + 2nF eCO3 = 0, 969 mol VHCl =
1, 938 lt.
p n B.
Cu 62: Hp cht A c cng thc l M Xa , trong M chim 46, 67% v khi lng. M l kim loi, X
l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn ca M c N Z = 4, trong N c N = Z. Tng s ht proton trong
M Xa l 58. Xc nh M Xa
Li gii:
AM
= 0, 4667
Theo ta c: AM + a.AX

ZM + aZX = 58
Mt khc NX = ZX AX = 2.ZX v
NM ZM = 4 AM = 2ZM + 4
AM

= 0, 4667
Thay bo cc biu thc trn ta c h 2ZM + 4 + 2a.ZX
AM = 56(F e)

ZM + aZX = 58
(
a=2
V ta c ZM = 26 aZX = 32
S Nh vy Cng thc ca A l F eS2
ZX = 16
Cu 63: Cho 50 gam hn hp gm , F e, F eO, F e2 O3 , F e3 O4 , M gO tc dng va vi 500 ml hn hp

HN O3 0,5 M , H2 SO4 2M , HCl 2M. c dung dch A ch cha cc mui Cl v SO42 v 0,05 mol
N2 O v 0,1 mol N O. Cho A tc dng vi lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c m gam kt ta . Tnh
gi tr ca m ?
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Li gii:
Bo ton nit : nHN O3 = nN H4+ + 2nN2 O + nN O nN H4+ = 0, 05
X
Bo ton elcetron tnh s mon oxi :
nH + = 10nN H4+ + 10nN2 O + 4nN O + 2nO nO = 0, 925
Bo ton e :necho = 0, 925.2 + 0, 1.3 + 0, 05.8 + 0, 05.8 = 2, 95
Khi lng kt ta l:
mMg;Fe + mOH + mBaSO4 = 50 0, 925.16 + 17.2, 95 + 233.2.0, 5 = 318, 35g
Cu 64: Phn chua X c cng thc A2 SO4 .B2 (SO4 )3 .nH2 O. Ha tan hon ton 143,4g X vo nc thu
c dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi Bariclorua d thu c 139,8g kt ta khng b phn hy khi nung
trong khng kh. Mt khc phi cn 115,2g CuSO4 khan tch ht nc ra khi 143,4g X. Hon tan
hon ton 286,8g X vo dung dch Barihidroxit d th khi lng dung dch thay i nh th no so vi
dung dch Ba(OH)2 ban u:
A. Tng 1,5g.

B. Gim 1,5 g.

C. Tng 3 g.

D. Gim 3 g.

Li gii:
Gi s c a mol A2 SO4 .B2 (SO4 )3 .nH2 O , cng thc ngm nc l CuSO4 .mH2 O
X
nBaSO4 = 0, 6 4a = 0, 6 a = 0, 15, nCuSO4 = 0, 72
(
A2 SO4 .B2 (SO4 )3 .24H2 O
n
24
Suy ra :0, 15n = 0, 72m
=

m
5
CuSO4 .5H2 O
M : 2A + 2B + 384 + 24.18 = 956 A + B = 70
Suy ra cp nghim tha l : A = 18 = N H4 ; B = 52 = Cr
(N H4 )2 SO4 .Cr2 (SO4 )3 .24H2 O
Khi cho 286,8g X th c 0,3 mol Xta thu c kt ta v c kh bay ra l:
mBaSO4 = 279, 6g; mN H3 = 0, 3.2.17 = 10, 2
Vy chnh lch gia khi lng b vo v khi lng kh bay ra l v kt ta to thnh l: 286, 8279, 6
10, 2 = 3
p n D.
Cu 65: Cho m(g) Al vo 400ml dung dch hn hp F eCl3 0,5M v CuCl2 xM thu c dung dch X
v 2,4m(g) hn hp Y gm hai kim loi. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi HN O3 long d thu c 4,34(l)
NO (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,1875 g.

B. 6,827 g.

C. 5,5810 g.

D. . 5,8284 g.

Li gii:
Gi s c y mol F ec to ra. Ta c h:

3. = 0, 5.0, 4 + 2y + 2.0, 4x

3+
2+
3n
=
n
+
2n
+
2n

Al
F
e
Fe
Cu

27
56y + 64.0, 4x = 2, 4m
mF e + mCu = 2, 4m

4, 34
3n + 2n = 3n

3y + 2.0, 4x = 3.
Fe
Cu
NO
22, 4
p n A .
bring about change

m = 6, 1875

x = 0, 09375

y = 0, 375

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Bi tp rn luyn

Cu 66: 37:Chia hn hp A gm hai kim loi Fe v Mg, trong s s mol Mg khng vt qu mt na

s mol Fe. Chia hn hp thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn 1: Tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V1 lt kh.
Phn 2: Tc dng vi H2 SO4 c nng d thu c V2 lt kh SO2 . Cc kh o cng iu kin.
V1
Xc nh thnh phn % v khi lng cc kim loi trong hn hp A sao cho t s
ln nht.
V2
Li gii:
t nF e = a; nM g = b th t gi thit ta c: b 0, 5a Phn 1: p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c:
nH2 = a + b
Phn 2: p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c :
nSO2 = 1, 5a + b
Cho nn :
V1
a+b
=
= f (b)
V2
1, 5a + b
Ta c f (b) ng bin cho nn f (b) f (0, 5a) Vy hn hp A gm c nF e = a v nM g = 0, 5a Vy %
khi lng ca Mg v Fe trong A ln lt bng 17,6% v 82,4%.
Cu 67: Ha tan ht 14,6 gam hn hp gm Zn v ZnO c t l mol 1:1 trong 250 gam dung dch HN O3
12,6% thu c dung dch X v 0,336 lit kh Y (ktc). Cho t t 740 ml dung dch KOH 1M vo dung
dch X thu c 5,94 gam kt ta. Tm kh Y v nng phn trm ca Zn(N O3 )2 trong dung dch X.
Li gii:
Ta c: nZn = nZnO = 0, 1 ; nHN O3 = 0, 5; nY = 0, 015; nKOH = 0, 74 nZn(OH)2 = 0, 06 Nu khng
40
(v l) . Suy ra phi c N H4 N O3 .
c N H4 N O3 th ta c: 2nZn = nY .k k =
3
t: nN H4 N O3 = a , kh Y c b nguyn t N , nHN O3 d = c nHN O3 pu = 0, 5 c
H + + OH H2 O
N H4 + + OH N H3 + H2 O
a
2+

Zn

0,2

+ 2OH Zn(OH)2
0,4

0,2

Zn(OH)2 + 2OH
0,2

ZnO2 2 + 2H2 O

nOH = 0, 74 = c + a + 0, 4 + 0, 28
x
Ta c: 0, 2 = 0, 06 x = 0, 28 Ta c:
n
= 0, 5 c = 2a + 0, 2.2 + 0.015.b
HN O3 p
2
0, 2 = 0, 015.k + 8.a (BT e)

b=2

a = 0, 01
Ln lt cho b = 1; b = 2 v tm nghim ta c:

c = 0, 05

k=8
Y : N2 O mdd X = 14, 6 + 250 0, 015(28 + 16) = 263, 94
C%Cu(N O3 )2 =86,4%

bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Cu 68: Cho 5,12g Cu phn ng hon ton vi 50,4 gam dung dch HN O3 60% thu c dung dch X.
Nu thm 210ml dung dch KOH 2M vo X ri c cn v nung sn phm thu c n khi lng khng
i c 41,52g cht rn . Xc nh C% ca mui tan trong dung dch X ?
A. 26,15 %.

B. 17.67 %.

C. 28,66 %.

D. 75,12 %.

Li gii:
Hng dn: Nhn xt rng: axid 60% gn vi HN O3 m c (65%) nh vy to ra mui amoni l iu
khng th, sn phm kh thu c c N O2 , v c th mt lng NO.
Trc tin ta so snh s mol axit v kim, nKOH = 0, 42(mol) v nHN O3 = 0, 48(mol). S mol axit ln
hn nhng m c mt lng acid ln hn nCu tham gia phn ng vi Cu. Nh vy lc sau kim d.
Cho Cu vo HN O3 , so snh s mol th Cu lun ht, axit d. Cho tip KOH th sn phm thu c sau
phn ng m khi ccn c cht rn th c Cu(OH)2 , KN O3 , KOH
Cu(OH)2 CuO + H2 O
Khi nhit phn th
KNO3 KNO2 + 1 O2
2
(
x + y = nKOH = 0, 42
Gi x, y(mol) ln lt l s mol ca KOH v KN O3 ta c
56x + 85y + 0, 08.80 = 41, 52g
( p dng bo ton nguyn t
( suy ra phng trnh 1, v phng trnh 2 to ra t mran = mCuO +
x = 0, 02(mol)
mKOH + mKN O2 ) Gii h ta c
.
y = 0, 4(mol)
Gi a(mol)
l s mol ca N H4 N O3
(
Cu(N O3 )2 + 2KOH Cu(OH)2 + 2KN O3
Ta c
HN O3 + KOH KN O3 + H2 O
T 2 phng trnh ny ta tnh c axit d: nHN O3 = nKN O3 2nCu(N O3 )2 = 0, 24(mol)
Suy ra HN(O3 phn ng n = 0, 24(mol)
Cu + 4HN O3 Cu(N O3 )2 + 2N O2 + 2H2 O
Phn ng
3Cu + 8HN O3 3Cu(N O3 )2 + 2N O2 + 4H2 O
(
(
nN O2 = x(mol)
x + 3y = 2nCu = 0, 16
Gi

= x = y = 0, 04(mol)
nN O = y(mol)
2x + 4y = 0, 24
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng tnh dung dch X mX = 5, 12+50, 40, 04(30+46) = 52, 48g
(Khi lng dung dch sau bng khi lng dung dch trc v cc cht trc tr i bay hi hoc kt ta).
0, 08.188
C% =
= 28, 66%
52, 48
p n C.
Cu 69: Thi 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 400 ml dung dch cha NaOH 1,2x M v K2 CO3 xM thu c dung
dch X cha cc mui. Cho t t dung dch cha HCl 0,8M v H2 SO4 yM vo dung dch X n khi bt
u c kh thot ra th dng 150 ml, thu c dung dch Y. Cho BaCl2 d vo dung dch Y thu c
20,97 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 0,55.

bring about change

B. 0,625.

C. 0,525.

D. 0,5.

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Bi tp rn luyn

Li gii:
gii bi ny ta c th cho CO2 ln lt phn ng vi KOH, nu d phn ng tip vi CO32 to thnh
mui axit.
Nhng ti s i theo hng khc: Tch dung dch kim v mui ra v gp vi CO2 bn u.
X
Ta s c
nCO2 = 0, 25 + 0, 4x(mol) v nOH = 0, 48x + 0, 8x = 1, 28x(mol).
Gi a,(
b(mol) ln lt l s mol tng(mui CO32 v HCO3
a + b = 0, 25 + 0, 4x
a = 0, 88x 0, 25
Ta c

2a + b = 2x
b = 0, 5 0, 48x
Cho axit vo n khi kh bt u thot ra, chng t ch mi xy ra H+ + CO32 HCO3 . (1)
Nn 20,97g kt ta kia s khng c BaCO3 m ch l BaSO4 , nH2 SO4 = nBaSO4 = 0, 09(mol)
X
nH + = nHCl + 2nH2 SO4 = 0, 3(mol)
Da theo 1 ta tnh c nCO32 = 0, 3(mol)
Quay li ban u 0, 88x 0, 25 = 0, 3 x = 0, 625
nCO2 = 0, 25; mBaSO4 = 0, 09 nSO42 = 0, 09
Bo ton ion: nN a+ + nK + = nCl + 2nSO42 + nHCO3 0, 4.1, 2x + 2.0, 4x = 0, 8.0, 15 + 2.0, 09 +
(0, 4x + 0, 25) x = 0, 625
p n B.
Cu 70: Hn hp rn A gm M g, Al v Cu. t chy m gam rn A cn dng 2,24 lt (ktc) hn hp
gm O2 v O3 c t khi so vi He bng 9,6 thu c hn hp rn B gm cc oxit. Ha tan hon ton
B cn dng 200 ml dung dch cha HCl 0,6M v H2 SO4 xM . C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c
(3m + 5,94) gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l.
A. 6,4 g.

B. 7,8 g.

C. 8,6 g.

D. 12,4 g.

Li gii:
S ng cho nO2 = 0, 06; nO3 = 0, 04 nO = 2.nO2 + 3.nO3 = 0, 24
nH +
Ta c nH2 O = nO =
2.nO = nH + = nHCl + 2.nH2 SO4 2.0, 24 = 0, 12 + 0, 2x.2 x = 0, 9
2
Ta c mMui = mKL + mCl + mSO42 m = 7, 8
p n B.
Cu 71: Cho hn hp A c khi lng m gam gm bt Al v st oxit F ex Oy . Tin hnh phn ng nhit
nhm hn hp A trong iu kin khng c khng kh, c hn hp B. Nghin nh, trn u B ri chia
thnh hai phn. Phn 1 c khi lng 14,49 gam c ho tan ht trong dung dch HN O3 un nng, c
dung dch C v 3,696 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Cho phn 2 tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH un
nng thy gii phng 0,336 lt kh H2 (ktc) v cn li 2,52 gam cht rn. Cc phn ng u xy ra hon
ton. Cng thc st oxit v gi tr ca m l:
A. F e3 O4 v 19,32g.

B. F eO v 23,2g.

C. F eO v 19,32g.

D. F e3 O4 v 23,2g.

Li gii:

bring about change

33

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Bi tp rn luyn

Xt phn 2 ta lun c: nAl d =

2, 52
nH 2
= 0, 01mol, nF e =
= 0, 045
1, 5
56

nF e
9
=
nAldu
2
Xt phn 1: Nhn vo p p ta ch thy hai oxit. Gi s oxit l F e3 O4
Nn ta c

Ta c phng trnh
t0

8 Al + 3 Fe3 O4
4 Al2 O3 + 9Fe
Cho phn 1 tc dng vi HN O3 . Gi s mol Aldu , F e lm lt l a,b
Ta c h

4 b.102 + 27a + 56b = 14, 49

9
a + b = 0, 165

(
b = 0, 135
a = 0, 03

9
nF e
= tha mn nn axit l F e3 O4
nAl d
2
n1
nAl1
Trng hp cn li tt nhin l khng tha mn
=
= 3 t tm c t l suy ra m.m =
n2
nAl2
1
14, 49 + .14, 49 = 19, 32
3
p n A.

Khi ta c:

Cu 72: Kh m gam mt oxit st F ex Oy bng CO d thu c V lit kh CO2 . Cho ton b lng
CO2 vo 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thu c 0,05 mol kt ta . Khi cho m gam oxit st tc dng
vi HCl thu c 16,25 gam mui . khi lng oxit ban u l :
A. 13,5 g.

B. 7,2 g hoc 13,5 g.

C. 8 g.

D. 8 g hoc 13,5 g.

Li gii:
Cch 1: S phn ng
t0

F ex Oy + CO
F e + CO2

S mol CO2 l: nCO2 = nOH nkt ta = 0, 15mol

Dng bo ton e cho phn ng trn:==


C +2
C +4 + 2e


2y

xF e+ x + 2ye
xF e
0, 15
y
Li c F ex Oy xF eCl 2y . T ta c PT:

Khi ta tnh c ngay nF ex Oy =

x

0, 15
=
x

16, 25
56 + 35, 5.

2y
x

x
2
=
y
3

Nn oxit l F e2 O3 . D dng tnh c m = 8

Cch 2: nCO2 = nOH nkt ta = 0, 15mol
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn
nCl
2
= 10, 65 mF e = 5, 6g m = 5, 6 + 2, 4 = 8g

nOtrongoxit = nCO2 =
mCl

p n C.
Cu 73: Mt hn hp gm Al v mt oxit st, chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
+ ha tan ht phn 1 cn 200 ml dd HCl 0,675 M, thu c 0,84 (l) H2 (ktc)
+Nung phn 2, phn ng hon ton, ly sn phm tc dng vi N aOH d thy cn 1,12 g cht rn khng
tan
Cng thc oxit st l:
A. F e2 O3 .

B. F eO.

C. F e3 O4 .

D. F eo hoc F e3 O4 .

Li gii:
phn 2 ta thy cn d 1,12 g cht rn khng tan nn nF e = 0, 02
Ta c :F e + 2HCl H2 , Al + 3HCl 1, 5H2
Nn s mol Cl dng thay th O2 l:
nCl = nHClb 0, 02.2 (0, 0375 0, 02)/1, 5.3 = 0, 06 = 2nO2
nF e
2
= suy ra oxit l F e2 O3
nO
3
p n A.
Nn

Cu 74: Cho hn hp A gm Al v mt oxit st. Chia A thnh hai phn bng nhau:
Phn (1) cho tc dng vi dd H2 SO4 long thu c 0, 672(l) kh (ktc)
Phn (2) phn ng nhit nhm hon ton, thu c hn hp B, cho B tc dng vi dd N aOH d thu c
134, 4 ml kh (ktc) sau cho tip dd H2 SO4 long, d c 0, 4032(l)H2 (ktc)
Xc nh cng thc oxit st
A. F e2 O3 .

B. F eO.

C. F e3 O4 .

D. F eo hoc F e3 O4 .

Li gii:
Gi a, b ln lt l s mol ca F ex Oy v Al
0, 03.2
P1: nAl =
= 0, 02(mol)
3
P2:V tc dng vi NaOH to kh nn Al d.
2ya
Theo phng trnh phn ng, nAl d = 0, 02
= 0, 004 ya = 0, 024(1)
3
0, 032
= 0, 018(2)
S mol Fe sinh ra l: xa =
22, 4
xa
3
T (1) v (2)
= Vy CTHH l F e3 O4 .
ya
4
p n C.
Cu 75: Cho 34, 2g Al2 (SO4 )3 nguyn cht tc dng ht vi 250ml dd xt thu c 7, 8 g kt ta. Hi
nng mol ca dung dch xt c th bng bao nhiu?
Li gii:
Ta c nAl2 (SO4 )3 = 0, 1, nkt ta = 0, 1
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Nu Al2 (SO4 )3 d th nN aOH = 3nkta = 0, 3

Nu N aOH d th nN aOH = 4nAl3+ nkt ta = 0, 7
Vy nng mol ca dung dch xt c th l 1, 2M hoc 2, 8M
Cu 76: Cho a mol F e tc dng vi dung dch HN O3 gii phng kh N O (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc)
v thu c dung dch X trong khi lng F e d 5,6 gam. C cn dung dch X thu c b gam mui
khan gi tr ca a v b l.
A. 0,25 v 27 .

B. 0,15 v 27 .

C. 0,25 v 36,3 .

D. 0,2 v 27.

Li gii:
F e d nn ch to mui F e2+ . Ta c mF e(N O3 )2 = (a 0, 1)180 = b. Th p n th thy A ng.
Cu 77: 47:Cho m gam F e phn ng va ht vi H2 SO4 thu c SO2 v 8,28 gam mui, bit s mol
F e bng 37,5% s mol H2 SO4 phn ng, gi tr ca m l.
A. 8,1 g.

B. 4,5 g.

C. 2,4 g.

D. 5,4 g.

Li gii:
Cch 1: T t l ta thy to mui F e2 (SO4 )3 v F eSO4 Gi s mol ca F e2 (SO4 )3 v F eSO4 ln lt
l x,y

Ta c:


400x + 152y = 8, 28
x = 0, 015

6x + 2y = 2nSO2
y = 0, 015
8(2x + y) = 3(3x + y + nSO2 )
Suy ra m = 0, 015.3.56 = 2, 5g
Cch 2: T t l 3 : 8 thy lun tomui F e2 (SO4 )3 v F eSO4 c s mol bng nhau
T khi lng 2 mui tnh c s mol mi mui suy ra m
Cu 78: 48:Cho m gam F e vo dung dch cha ng thi H2 SO4 v HN O3 thu c dung dch X v
4,48 lt N O( duy nht). Thm tip H2 SO4 vo X thi li thu c thm 1,792 lt kh N O duy nht na v
dung dch Y. Dung dch Y ha tan va ht 8,32 gam Cu khng c kh bay ra( cc kh o ktc), gi tr
m l.
A. 16,8.

B. 11,2.

C. 16,24.

D. 9,6.

Li gii:
Ta thy cui cng st s ln F e2+
p dng nh lut bo ton e cho c qu trnh:
2nF e + 2nCu = 3nN O nF e = 0, 29 m = 16, 24g Vy p n C.
Cu 79: Cho 1,82 gam hn hp bt X gm Cu v Ag t l mol 4:1 vo 30ml dung dch H2 SO4 0,5M v
HN O3 2M, sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c a mol kh N O( sn phm kh duy nht).
Trn a mol N O trn vi 0,1 mol O2 thu c hn hp kh Y. Cho ton b Y tc dng vi H2 O thu c
150 ml dung dch c pH bng.
A. 3.
bring about change

B. 1.

C. 4.

D. 2.
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Bi tp rn luyn

Li gii:
T bi ta d dng suy ra c nCu = 0, 02mol, nAg = 0, 005mol
Tng s e cho l:
0, 02.2 + 0, 005.1 = 0, 045mol
Ta c bn phn ng: 4 H + NO3 + 3 e NO + 2 H2 O nH + = 0, 09mol, nN O3 = 0, 06
N O3 , H + d
Suy ra nN O = 0, 045/3 = 0, 015mol. Li c:
NO + O2 NO2
4 NO2 + O2 + 2 H2 O 4 HNO3
Suy ra : nHN O3 = 0, 015 CM = 0, 015/0, 15 = 0, 1 pH = 1
p n B.
Cu 80: Cho m gam hn hp gm Cu v F e vo 200ml dung dch HN O3 2M v H2 SO4 1M thy c
kh N O duy nht thot ra v cn li 0,2m gam cht rn cha tan. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thi thu
c 50 gam hn hp cc mui khan. Bit N O l sn phm kh duy nht. gi tr m tng ng l.
A. 23.

B. 24.

C. 28.

D. 20.

Li gii:
Ta c nH + = 0, 8mol, nN O3 = 0, 4mol, nSO42 = 0, 2mol
Ta c bn phn ng
4 H+ + NO3 + 3 e NO + 2 H2 O
T PT trn ta suy ra N O3 d = 0, 4 0, 2 = 0, 2mol
Mt khc s mol kim loi
to mui l m1 = m 0, 2m = 0, 8m

ionKL

N O3 = 0, 2mol

SO2 = 0, 2mol
4
= m1 + mN O3 + mSO42 = 0, 8m + 0, 2(62 + 96) = 50g

Dung dch sau phn ng:

Ta c mmui

T suy ra m = 23g
p n A.
Cu 81: Ha tan hon ton m gam F e bng dung dch HN O3 thu c dung dch X v 1,12 lt N O
(ktc). Thm dung dch cha 0,1 mol HCl vo dung dch X th thy kh N O tip tc thot ra vo thu
c dung dch Y. phn ng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch Y cn 115 ml dung dch N aOH 2M,
gi tr ca m l.
A. 3,36.

bring about change

B. 3,92.

C. 2,8.

D. 3,08.

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Bi tp rn luyn

Li gii:
Khi cho ha tan ha ton F e vo dd HN O3 thu c kh N O v dung dch X. Khi thm HCl vo dung
dch X li thy kh N O thot ra suy ra trong X phi c F e3+ v F e2+ t s mol F e3+ : xmol, F e2+ :
ymol Ta c cc qu trnh cho nhn electron: F e F e3+ + 3e
F e F e2+ + 2e
N +5 + 3e N +2
Nn ta c 3x + 2y = 0, 05.3 = 0, 15 (1)
Khi cho HCl 0,1 mol vo dung dch X:
3 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + NO3 3 Fe3+ + NO + 2H2 O
4
S mol HCl phn ng vi F e2+ l y
3
4
Khi s mol HCl cn li l 0, 1 y
3
NaOH 0,23 mol phn ng vi dung dch Y: nOH = nH +
+ nF e3+
+ nF e3+ 2+
trong HCl d
trong dd X
to biF e
4
5
0, 23 = 0, 1 y + 3(x + y) y + 3x = 0, 13 (2)
3
3
(
3x + 2y = 0, 15
x = 0, 01
T (1) v (2) ta c h: 5

y + 3x = 0, 13
y = 0, 07
3
Khi nF e = x + y = 0, 07 m = 3, 92g p n B.
Cu 82: Cho 13,36 gam hn hp X gm Cu, F e3 O4 vo dung dch H2 SO4 c nng d c V1 lt SO2
v dung dch Y. Cho Y phn ng vi N aOH d c kt ta T, nung kt ta ny n khi lng khng
i c 15,2 gam cht rn Q. Nu cng cho lng X nh trn vo 400 ml dung dch P cha HN O3 v
H2 SO4 thy c V2 lt N O duy nht thot ra v cn 0,64 gam kim loi cha tan. Cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton v cc kh o, ktc, gi tr V1 v V2 l.
A. 2,576 v 0,224.

B. 2,912 v 0,224.

C. 2,576 v 0,896.

D. 2,576 v 0,672 .

Li gii:
Tnh(V1
nCu : x(mol)
t
nF e3 O4 : y(mol)

Ta c:

3
Cu ...CuO, F e3 O4 ... F e2 O3
2
(
(
64x + 232y = 13.36
x = 0, 1
Nn ta c h :

80x + 240y = 15, 2

y = 0, 03
2nCu + nF e3 O4
T suy ra nSO2 =
= 0, 065mol V1 = 2, 576(l) Tnh V2
2
Sau phn ng kim loi Cu d nn s mol Cu phn ng l 0, 1 0, 01 = 0, 09mol v F e F e2+
Ta c cc qu trnh
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Bi tp rn luyn

Cu Cu2+ + 2e
8
+
3F e 3 + 2e 3F e2+

N +5 + 2e N O2
T suy ra nN O2 =

0, 09.2 0, 03.2
= 0, 04(mol) V2 = 0, 896(l)
3

p n C.
Cu 83: Ha tan 9,1g X Al, M g, Zn vo 500ml dung dch HN O3 4M thu c 0,448 lt N2 v dung
dch Y chia Y thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
P1: Tc dng vi 530 ml N aOH2M thu c 2,9g kt ta.
P2: C cn thu c m(g) rn khan.
Gi tr m l.
A. 25,76.

B. 38,40.

C. 33,79.

D. 32,28.

Li gii:
Ta c: nN2 = 0, 02(mol)
Trong hn hp c nhng kim loi c tnh kh mnh nn to mui Amoni (th bng s) . t nN H4 N O3 = a
12H+ + 2NO3 + 10e N2 + 6 H2 O
10 H+ + 2 NO3 + 8 e NH4 NO3 + 5 H2 O
Tng s mol H + phn ng = 0, 24 + 10a smol H + d = 2 0, 24 10a = 1, 86 10a
DD Y + NaOH va cho 2,9 gam kt ta Al(OH)3 v Zn(OH)2 tan ht nM g(OH)2 = 0, 05mol.
Gi b, c l mol Al, Zn
S mol N aOH = 4b + 4c + 2.0, 05 + 1, 86 10a + a = 0, 53.2.2 = 2, 12 (1)
Bo ton mol e : 3b + 2c + 2.0, 05 = 8a + 0, 2 (2)
Khi lng hn hp = 27b + 65c + 24.2.0, 05 = 9, 1 (3)
T (1)(2)(3) ta suy ra a = 0, 08mol, b = 0, 2mol, c = 0, 02mol
Khi lng mui = 213.0,2 + 189.0,02 + 148.0,1 + 80.0,08 = 67,58 g
Suy ra m = 67, 58/2 = 33, 79g
p n C.
Cu 84: Cho hn hp X gm 0,09 mol F e v 0,05 mol F e(N O3 )2 .7H2 O vo 500ml dung dch HCl 1M,
kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch Y v kh N O. Hi dung dch Y ha tan ti a bao nhiu gam Cu.
A. 3,84 g.

B. 4,48 g.

C. 4,26 g.

D. 7,04 g.

Li gii:
Ta c: nHCl = 0, 5mol, nN O3 = 0, 1mol, nF e2+ = 0, 05mol
Fe+ 4 H+ + NO3 Fe3+ + NO + H2 O
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Bi tp rn luyn

Fe phn ng ht ta suy ra:nH + d = 0, 14, nN O3 d = 0, 14mol

3 Fe2+ + 4 H+ + NO3 3 Fe3+ + NO + H2 O
+
N O3 ht nn dung dch cn li sau phn ng ch cn F e3+ = 0, 12mol, Cl , Hd

Li c Cu + 2F e3+ Cu2+ + 2F e2+

Nn suy ra nCu = 0, 06mol mCu = 3, 84g
p n A.
Trnh by mt cch ngn gn hn. Y ha tan ti a Cu nn F e to F e2+ =
Bo ton e cho c qu trnh ta c:
2nF e + 2nCu = 3nN O3 ( do 4H + + N O3 + 3e N O + 2H2 O; H + d) nCu = (0, 1.3 0, 09.2)/2 =
0, 06 mol
Cu 85: 55: Cho 18 gam hn hp gm F e v Cu vo 200ml dung dch N aN O3 1M v HCl 2M. Kt
thc phn ng, nh tip V ml dung dch HCl 1M vo th kim loi va tan ht. Bit trong dung dch
thu c khng c N O3 v N O l sn phn kh duy nht, gi tr V v % F e lc u l.
A. 400 v 46,67 %.

B. 400 v 31,11 %.

C. 200 v 46,67 %.

D. 200 v 31,11 %.

Li gii:
t nF e = x, nCu = y
Trong giai on y chc chn kim loi cn d v c th th khi ta thm HCl th kim loi tan va ht.
Theo gi thit kim loi tan va ht th ngng thm HCl nn F e2+ cha b oxi ha thnh F e3+
Khi ta c cc qu trnh :
Fe Fe2+ + 2 e
Cu Cu2++ 2 e

4 H+ + NO
(3 + 3 e NO + 2 H
(2 O
2x + 2y = 0, 6
x = 0, 15
Ta c h:

56x + 64y = 18
y = 0, 15

N O3 ht nn

%F e = 46, 67%

S mol HCl thm vo l: 4.0, 2 0, 4 = 0, 4mol V = 400ml

p n A.
Cu 86: 56:Cho m1 gam bt Cu vo 13,6 gam AgN O3 khuy k.Sau khi phn ng xong thm vo m2
gam dung dch H2 SO4 long 20% ri un nng nh n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 9,28
gam bt kim loi,dung dch A v kh NO. Lng NaOH cn dng tc dng ht vi cc cht trong A l
13 gam.Tng gi tr ca m1 + m2 gn nht vi :
A. 80.

B. 90.

C. 100.

D. 110.

Li gii:
Ta c hn hp kim loi l Cu v Ag
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Bi tp rn luyn

Khi Dung dch A cha Ion Cu2+

Ta c phn ng
Cu + 2 Ag+ 2 Ag + Cu2+
3 Cu + 8 H+ + 2 NO3 3Cu2+ + 2 NO+ 4 H2 O
T hai phn ng trn ta suy ra nCu2+

trong A

S mol H phn ng =4 s mol

N O3

= 0, 04 + 0, 12 = 0, 16mol
= 0, 32mol

Khi cho A vo(NaOH ta c mui N a2 SO4 . Bo ton Na ta tnh c nSO4 = 0, 1625mol

CuSO4 : 0, 16mol
Dung dch A:
H2 SO4 : 0, 025mol
Khi m1 = 0, 16.64 + 9, 28 0, 08.108 = 10, 88g
nH2 SO4
0, 1625.98
m2 =
.98 =
= 79, 625g
0, 2
0, 2
Khi m1 + m2 90
p n B.
Cu 87: Hp th ht 4, 48 lt CO2 vo dung dch cha x mol KOH v y mol K2 CO3 thu c 200 ml
dung dch X. Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho t t 300 ml dung dch HCl 0, 5 Mthu c 0, 12 mol kh .Mt
khc ly 100 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d thu c 39, 4 gam kt ta . Gi tr ca x l
?
A. 0,06.

B. 0,15.

C. 0,2.

D. 0,1.

Li gii:
Cch 1: Mt khc ly 100 ml dung dch X cho tc dng vi Ba(OH)2 d thu c 39, 4 gam kt ta
T ch ny tnh ngay c y = 0, 2
Ly 100 ml dung dch X cho t t 300 ml dung dch HCl 0, 5 chia ci ny lm 2 trng hp
1. KOH d X ch gm mui K2 CO3 thy v l ngay v nH+ chc chn ln hn 2nCO2 (v cn tc dng
vi KOH na)
2.X gm mui K2 CO3 (x mol phn ng) v KHCO3 (y mol)
Ta c x + y = 0, 12; 2x + y = 0, 15 x = 0.03; y = 0, 09
nK2 CO3 d = 0, 2 0, 03 0, 09 = 0, 08
nK+ = 0, 31 x = 0, 31 0, 1.2 = 0, 11
Cch 2:
Quy hn hp v thnh 2 phn lun.
39, 4
.2 0, 2 + y = 0, 2.2 y = 0, 2
197
Trong dung dch X c a = nCO32 ; b = nHCO3
Bo ton Cacbon:nCO2 + nK2 CO3 =

Bo ton Cacbon:a + b = 0, 4
Khi cho dd X v dd axit th thu c 0,12 mol kh nn ta c:
a+b
.0, 3.0, 5.2 = 0, 12.2 2a + b = 0, 5
2a + b
Bo ton in tch trong dung dch X:
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Bi tp rn luyn
nK + = 2a + b x + 2y = 0, 5 x = 0, 1 D

nCO32 + nHCO3

.nH + = nCO2
2nCO32 + nHCO3
Cng thc l ng cho mi trng hp khi cho dung dch cha mui (CO32 hoc CO32 ; HCO3 hoc
HCO3 ) vo dung dch axit.
p n D.
Cu 88: Ha tan hn hp gm N a v Ba trong 90 gam dung dch HN O3 21,0%. Kt thc phn ng thu
c dung dch X v hn hp Y gm 2 kh khng mu c t khi so vi He bng 8,375. C cn dung dch
X thu c 25,75 gam rn khan. Bit rng N O3 ch cho duy nht mt sn phm kh. Phn trm khi
lng ca Ba trong hn hp ban u l.
A. 84,68 %.

B. 65,05 %.

C. 95,01 %.

D. 62,18 %.

Li gii:
nN a = x; nBa = y
Nhn thy kh c H2 v mt kh s l N O2 hoc N2 O
2
 mnh nn ch l N2 O 
Kim loi li
N2 O : 3amol
HN O3 : 0, 3mol
nN a = x

+
H2 : amol
H2 O : 95mol
nBa = y
C H2 sinh ra th HN O3 htnN O = 0.3/10 = 0.03 nN O3 = 0.24
nH2 = 0.01 nOH = 0.02

mKL = 25, 75 0, 02.17 0, 24, 62 = 10, 53.

23x + 137y = 10, 53

y = 0, 05
x + 2y = 0, 03.8 + 0, 01.2

p n B.
Cu 89: t chy 3.2gam sunfua kim loi M2 S ( Kim loi M trong hp cht ch th hin s s OXH +1
v +2 ) trong oxi d . Sn phm rn thu c em ha tan ht trong mt lng va dung dch H2 SO4
39, 2 % nhn c dung dch mui c nng 48, 5% . em lm lnh dung dch ,mui ny thy tch ra
2, 5gam tinh th . khi nng mui gim cn 44, 9% . Tm cng thc tinh th mui tch ra.
Li gii:
3, 2
nM2 S = a =
2M + 32
98.100.2a
mH2 SO4 =
= 500a
39, 2
mdd = mM O + mdd H2 SO4 = 2a(M + 16) + 500a = a(2M + 532)
mM SO4 = (M + 96).2a
2a(M + 96)
Khi : 48, 5%=
(2M + 532)a
M = 64
3, 2
nM2 S = a =
a = 0, 02
2M + 32
Khi lng dd trc khi ngui: (2M + 532)a = 13, 2
Khi lng dung dch sau ngui: 13, 2 2, 5 = 10, 7g
10, 7.44, 9
mCuSO4 sau pu =
= 4, 8
100
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Bi tp rn luyn

mCuSO4 ( trong tinh th)=mCuSO4 (ban u)-4,8=6, 4 4, 8=1, 6 nCuSO4 /T T = 0, 025

Tng t mH2 O/T T = 2, 5 1, 6 = 0, 9 nH2 O/T T = 0, 05
Do : Tinh th cn tm CuSO4 .2H2 O
Cu 90: Cho dd N aOH 20% tc dng va vi dung dch F eCl2 10%. un nng trong khng kh cho
cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Nng phn trm ca mui to thnh trong dd sau phn ng l: (Nc
bay hi khng ng k)
A. 7,45 %.

B. 7,5 %.

C. 8,5 %.

D. 8,65 %.

Li gii:
Ta c phng trnh phn ng:
2 NaOH + FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s: nN aOH = 2mol, nF eCl2 = 1mol
1
1
Li c phn ng: F e(OH)2 + O2 + H2 O F e(OH)3
4
2
Khi
2.58, 5
117
7, 45%
C%N aCl =
=
mddN aOH + mddF eCl2 + mO2 mF e(OH)3
400 + 1270 + 8 107
p n A.
Cu 91: Hn hp X gm F eO, F eCO3 , CuO, CuCO3 , F e3 O4 trong oxi chim 31, 381% khi lng.
Nung 36, 2 gam hn hp X trong iu kin khng c khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c
30, 48 gam hn hp Y. Cho 36, 2 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch H2 SO4 c nng d thu c
5, 04 lt hn hp kh (ktc, SO2 l sn phm kh duy nht). Cho 36, 2 gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung
dch HN O3 thu c hn hp kh gm CO2 , N OvN O2 c t khi so vi hiro l 21, 125 (ngoi N O v
N O2 khng cn sn phm kh no khc). S mol HN O3 tham gia phn ng l:
A. 1,40.

B. 1,20.

C. 1,60.

D. 0,80.

Li gii:
Quy i hh X thnh F e, Cu, C, O
nO = 0, 71 mol
Ta c: nCO2 = (36, 2 30, 48)/44 = 0, 13 mol
nSO2= 0, 225 0, 13
 = 0, 095 mol

x = nN O
3x + y = 0, 095.2
x = 0, 04
Gi

y = nN O 2
12, 25x 3, 75y = 0, 2275
y = 0, 07
nHN O3 = 4nN O + 2nN O2 + 2nO 4nCO2 = 1, 2mol (Do 0,71 mol O c c trong CO2 )
p n B.
Cu 92: Ha tan ht 68,42 gam hn hp gm Al v F e3 O4 cn dng 840 gam dung dch HN O3 26,625%
thu c dung dch X v V lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm N O v N2 O c t khi so vi He bng 137/15.
Cho dung dch N aOH d vo dung dch X, un nng, ly kt ta nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c 62,4 gam rn. Gi tr ca V l?
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Bi tp rn luyn

Li gii:
Cht rn l F e2 O3
Do nF e3 O4 = 0, 26 nAl = 0, 3, nHN O3 = 3, 55
8
D c nN O = nN2 O
7
Thy lun trong X c c N H4 N O3

3x + 8y + 8z = 1, 16
Gi s mol N O, N2 O, N H4 N O3 ln lt l x, y, z:
7x = 8y

x + 2y + 2z = 0, 31
n y gii ra xong ra p n l 3, 36 lt.
Cu 93: Chia mu hp kim X gm Zn v Cu thnh hai phn bng nhau Phn 1 cho tc dng vi dung
dch HCl d thy cn 1 gam khng tan Phn 2 luyn thm 4 gam Al th c hp kim Y trong hm
lng % ca Zn trong Y gim 33,33 % so vi X Tnh thnh phn % ca Cu trong X bit rng nu ngm
hp kim Y trong dung dch NaOH mt thi gian th th tch H2 vt qu 6 lt (ktc)
A. 50 %.

B. 16,67 %.

C. 25 %.

D. 37,5 %.

Li gii:
Ta c : mCu = 1 gam ; Gi mZn = a gam
a
a
mX = a + 1 gam ; mX = a + 5 gam

= 0.3333 a = 1 gam hoc a = 5 gam .

a+1 a+5
6
4
Li c : nH2 =
; nAl =
mol
22.4
27
a
mol
nZn =
65
3.4 2.a
6.2
Bo ton e ta c :
+
>
27
65
22.4
a > 3 gam a = 5 gam
p n B.
Cu 94: Ha tan m gam hn hp F eO, F e(OH)2 , F eCO3 , F e3 O4 (trong F e3 O4 chim 1/4 tng s
mol hn hp) tc dng vi dung dch HN O3 long d thu c 15,68 lt hn hp kh X gm N O v CO2
c t khi so vi H2 l 18 v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m + 280, 80 gam mui khan. m
c gi tr l:
A. 154,80 gam.

B. 141,58 gam.

C. 148,40 gam.

D. 173,60 gam.

Li gii:
Nhn xt: FeO, Fe(OH)2 , FeCO3 , Fe3 O4 u c 1 nguyn t Fe c s oxi ha l +2
Ta tnh c nN O = 0, 4mol, nCO2 = 0, 3mol
Ta c:Fe2+ = xmol
Fe+2 Fe+3

| NO
3 + 3e NO

1, 2
= 0, 3mol
4
Tng s mol FeO, Fe(OH)2 .FeCO3 = 1, 2 0, 3 = 0, 9mol
T trn ta suy ra x = 1, 2mol.Nn s mol Fe3 O4 =

Khi lng mui Fe(NO)3 = (0, 9 + 0, 9).242 = m + 280, 8 m = 154, 8gam

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Bi tp rn luyn

p n A.
Cu 95: Nung hn hp gm 15,8 gam KM nO4 v 24,5 gam KClO3 mt thi gian thu c 36,3 gam
hn hp Y 6 cht .Cho Y tc dng vi dd HCl dc d un nng ,lng kh Clo sinh ra hp th vo 0,3
lt dd NaOH 5 M un nng thu c dung dch Z .C cn dd Z thu c cht rn khan (p xy ra hon
ton).Khi lng cht rn khan thu c l ?
A. 12 gam.

B. 91,8 gam.

C. 111 gam.

D. 79,8 gam.

Li gii:
Bo ton e : 2nCl2 + 2nO = 5nKM nO4 + 6nKClO3
15, 8 + 24, 5 36, 3
15, 8
24, 5
2nCl2 + 2.
= 5.
+ 6.
16
158
122, 5
nCl2 = 0, 6
Khi lng cht rn khan l (NaOH d): 0, 6.(71 18) + 40.0, 3.5 = 91, 8g
p n B.
Cu 96: Hn hp A gm 112,2 gam F e3 O4 ,Cu v Zn.Cho A tan ht trong dung dch H2 SO4 long th
thy c 1,7 mol axit phn ng v c 2,24 lt kh (ktc) bay ra.Sc N H3 d vo dung dch sau phn ng
thu c 114,8 gam kt ta .Mt khc cho 112,2 gam A tc dng hon ton vi 1,2 lt dung dch hn hp
HCl v N aN O3 (d = 1, 2gam/ml).Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra ta thu uc dung dch B,hn hp kh
C c 0,12 mol H2 .Bit rng s mol HCl v N aN O3 phn ng ln lt l 4,48 mol v 0,26 mol.% khi
lng ca F eCl3 trong B gn nht vi :
A. 12 %.

B. 14 %.

C. 16 %.

D. 18 %.

Li gii:
nH2 = 0, 1 mol nO(trongA) = 1, 7 0, 1 = 1, 6 mol nF e3 O4 = 0, 4 mol
(
(
(
x = nF e2+
x + y = 1, 2
x = 0, 8

y + nF e3+
90x + 107y = 114, 8
y = 0, 4
(
(
(
64a + 65b = 112, 2 0, 4 232
a = 0, 1
a = nCu
Gi
b = nZn
2a + 2x + 0, 8.2 + 0, 4.3 = 1, 7 2
b = 0, 2

Theo C c H2 nn N O3 phn ng ht.

BTT: 3nF e3+ + 2nCu2+ + 2nZn2+ + nN a+ + nN H4 N O3 = nCl nN H4 N O3 = 0, 02 mol
nN (trongC) = 0, 26 0, 02 = 0, 24 mol
nH2 O = (4, 48 0, 12.2 0, 02.4)/2 = 2, 08 mol
nO(trongC = 1, 6 + 0, 36.3 2, 08 = 0, 3 mol
mddB = 112, 2 + 1200.1, 2 0, 12.2 0, 24.14 0, 3.16 = 1543, 8 gam
% F eCl3 = 12, 63%
p n A.
Cu 97: Ha tan hon ton 30 gam hn hp X gm N a,K v Ba vo dung dch cha HCl d thu c
dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c 54,85 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Ha tan hon ton 45 gam

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Bi tp rn luyn

hn hp X vo nc thu c dung dch Z. Cho t t n ht dung dch Z vo 0,4 lt dung dch ZnCl2
1M n phn ng hon ton thu c kt ta c m l.
A. 39,6.

B. 27,225.

C. 34,65.

D. 40.

Li gii:
nCl = 0, 7mol nOH = 0, 7.

45
= 1, 05 mol Ta c
30

4 OH + Zn2+ ZnO22 + 2 H2 O
Suy ra nZn2+ d = 0, 4

1, 05
= 0, 1375mol m = 13, 6125g
4

p n ?
Cu 98: Hn hp X gm N a2 O, N a2 O2 , N a2 CO3 , K2 O, K2 O2 , K2 CO3 . Cho m gam hn hp X tc
dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch Y cha 50,85 gam cht tan gm cc cht tan c cng
nng mol, 3,024 lt hn hp kh Z c t khi hi so vi hidro l 20,889. m c gi tr l.
A. 30,392.

B. 22,689.

C. 21,780.

D. 29,040.

Li gii:

M2 O

Nhn thy: X : M2 O2 = M2 O.O (M = N a; K)

M2 CO3 = M2 O.CO2
Ta c trong Y : HCl, KCl v N aCl
Suy ra nHCl = nKCl = nN aCl = 0, 3
Do : mX = mM2 O + (mO +CO2 ) =

0, 3
3, 024
(62 + 94) + 20, 889.2.
2
22, 4

Vy:m = 29, 04g

p n D.
Cu 99: Chia dung dch Ca(OH)2 aM thnh ba phn bng nhau:
Phn I: Hp th V lt CO2 vo th thu c m1 gam kt ta;
Phn II: Hp th (V + 2, 688) lt CO2 vo th thu c m2 gam kt ta;
Phn III: Hp th (V + V1 ) lt CO2 vo th thu c lng kt ta cc i.
Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, cc th tch kh o ktc. Bit m1 : m2 = 4 : 1 v m1 bng

8
khi
13

lng kt ta cc i. Gi tr ca V1 l:
A. 0,672.

B. 0,840.

C. 2,184.

D. 1,344.

Li gii:
Gi s mol Ca(OH)2ca tng phn l x, V l y, V1 l z.
8

y
=
x

x = 0, 095
13
2
Theo bi ra ta c h: y + 0, 12 = 2x

y = 0, 06

13x

z = 0, 0375

y+z =x

V1 = 0, 84 lt.

p n B.
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Bi tp rn luyn

Cu 100: Rt t t dung dch cha 1,8 mol HCl vo dung dch hn hp cha x mol N a2 CO3 v y mol
K2 CO3 thu c V lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch cha 208,5 gam cht tan. Rt t t dung dch cha 1,8
mol HCl vo dung dch hn hp cha y mol N a2 CO3 v x mol K2 CO3 thu c V lt CO2 ( ktc) v
dung dch 214,9 gam cht tan. T l x : y l.
A. 3:4.

B. 4:3.

C. 2:1.

D. 1:2.

Li gii:
H+

H+

2
CO32 HCO3 CO2 (iu ny
chng t CO3 ht.)

N a+ : 2x

K + : 2y
Dung dch sau phn ng bao gm:

Cl : 1, 8

HCO : a mol
3
2x + 2y = 1, 8 + a (BT DT )

Theo bi ra ta h phng trnh sau: 2(23x + 39y) + 61a + 35, 5.1, 8 = 208, 5

2(23y + 39x) + 61a + 35, 5.1, 8 = 214, 9

x = 0, 8
4
x
Gii ra ta c: y = 0, 6 Do : =

y
3
a=1
p n B.

Cu 101: Ha tan hon ton 30 gam hn hp X gm N a,K v Ba vo dung dch cha HCl d thu c
dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c 54,85 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Ha tan hon ton 45 gam
hn hp X vo nc thu c dung dch Z. Cho t t n ht dung dch Z vo 0,4 lt dung dch ZnCl2
1M n phn ng hon ton thu c kt ta c m l.
A. 39,6.

B. 27,225.

C. 34,65.

D. 40.

Li gii:
Xt trong 30gX, ta c: nOH = nCl = 0, 7
Xt trong 45g

X, ta c: nOH = 1, 05
2<

Do : mZn(OH)2 =

nOH
= 2, 625 < 4
nZn2

4nZn2+ nOH
.(65 + 17.2) = 27, 225
2

p n B.
Cu 102: Cho m gam Fe vo 1 lt dung dch X gm H2 SO4 0, 1M , Cu(N O3 )2 0, 1M , F e(N O3 )3 0, 1M .
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0, 69m gam hn hp kim loi, dung dch Y v kh N O (sn
phm kh duy nht). Gi tr m v khi lng cht rn khan thu c khi c cn dung dch Y l:
A. 25,8 v 78,5.

B. 25,8 v 55,7.

C. 20 v 78,5.

D. 20 v 55,7.

Li gii:

bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Sau phn ng kim loi d nn ch to mui F e2+ ta c

4 H+ + NO3 + 3 e NO + 2 H2 O
nN O = 0, 25nH+ = 0, 05; nF e+2 = nSO42 + 0, 5nN O3 0, 5.0, 05 = 0, 325mol
nF eb ha tan = 0, 325 0, 1 = 0, 225mol
Khi lng cht rn lc sau 0, 69m = m 0, 225.56 + 0, 1.64 m = 20g
Khi lng mui tan mmui = 0, 325.56 + 0, 1.96 + 0, 45.62 = 55, 7g
p n D.
Cu 103: Nng 3, 2gam hn hp gm F e v kim loi R ch c ha tr 2 vi 1, 6gam bt lu hunh thu
dc hn hp rn X . Ha tan hon ton lng X trong dung dch HCl c dung dch Y v hn hp
kh Z . Cho Y tc dng va vi dung dch N aOH thu c kt ta ln nht . em nung nng kt
ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 4, 8gam hn hp oxit . dt chy hon ton
hn hp kh Z cn 2, 88gam O2 . R l :
A. Zn.

B. Ni.

C. Be.

D. Mg.

Li gii:
Thu c hn hp hai kh l H2 , H2 S
nH2 S = nS = 0, 05 nH2 = 0, 03
Gi s F e ch ln F e + 2 th nO = 0, 05 + 0, 03 = 0, 08mol
4, 8 3, 2
M theo nOtrongoxit =
= 0, 1 nF e = 2(0, 1 0, 08) = 0, 04
16
T suy ra c R l M g
p n D.
Cu 104: Hn hp X gm a mol F e2 O3 , a mol F e3 O4 v 1, 5a mol Cu. Ho tan hn hp X trong dung
dch HCl va thu c dung dch Y . Cho dung dch Y tc dng vi dung dch N aOH d sau ly
kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m gam cht rn. Cho dung dch Y tc
dng vi dung dch AgN O3 d thu c m + 249, 73 gam kt ta. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi dung
dch HN O3 d thu c V lt kh N O (ktc, sn phm kh duy nht).Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,18.

B. 3,88.

C. 3,29.

D. 4,63.

Li gii:
Y gm F e+3 , F e+2 , Cu+2 c s mol ln lt l a; 4a; 1, 5a
m = 520a; m + 249, 73 = 2441a a = 0, 13mol
1, 5.2a + a
Bo ton e ta c nN O =
V = 3, 88l
3
p n B.
Cu 105: Cho 66,7 gam hn hp A gm F e3 O4 , F e(N O3 )3 , Cu tc dng hon ton vi dung dch cha
0,828 mol H2 SO4 (long) th thu c kh N O duy nht v dung dch B ch cha 2 mui. C cn B thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn
A. 131,96 hoc 151,84.

B. 131,96 hoc 123,04.

C. 146,24 hoc 128,80 .

D. 128,80 hoc 123,04.

Li gii:

TH1: Hai
F eSO4
mui l CuSO4 v

232x + 242y + 64z = 66, 7

nF e2 O3 = x
Ta c: nF e(N O3 )3 = y (3x + y).2 + 2z = 0, 828.2(BTT)

2x = 2x + 9y + y(BT E)
n = z

Cu

x = 0, 138
y = 0, 046

z = 0, 368

mmui =

128, 8 gam
TH2: Hai mui l
CuSO4 v F e2 (SO4 )3
232x + 242y + 64z = 66, 7

Tng t ta c h:

(3x + y).2 + 2z = 0, 828.2(BTT)

x + 2z = 9y(BT E)

x = 0, 042
y = 0, 11

z = 0, 474

mmui = 123, 04

gam
p n D.
Cu 106: Ha tan hon ton 11,6 gam hn hp A gm F e v Cu vo 87,5 gam HN O3 50,4%, sau khi
kim loi tan ht thu c dung dch X v V lit (ktc) hn hp kh B (gm hai cht kh c t l s mol
3:2). Cho 500ml dung dch KOH 1M vo dung dch X thu c kt ta Y v dung dch Z. Lc ly Y ri
nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 16,0 gam cht rn. C cn dung dch Z c
cht rn T. Nung T n khi lng khng i thu c 41,05 gam cht rn. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon
ton.Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong A?Tnh C% mi cht tan trong X?
Li gii:
Gi smol F e, Cu ln lt l x, y


56x + 64y = 11, 6

x = 0, 15
Ta c:

%F e = 72, 41; %Cu = 27, 59%

2(16 11, 6)
3x + 2y =
y = 0, 05
= 0, 55
16
Nu trong Z ch cn KN O3 th nKN O3 = nKN O2 = nK OH = 0, 5 m ta c m = 41, 05 suy ra c KOH
d
D tnh c nKOH = 0, 05; nKN O3 = 0, 45
T suy ra c trong X cha mui F e + 3; F e + 2; Cu + 2
D dng tnh c nF e+2 = 0, 1; nF e+3 = 0, 05
TH1: ch to mui F e3+
nKOH = 0, 15.3 + 0, 05.2 = 0, 55 > 0, 45 loi
TH2: ch to mui F e2+
nKOH = 0, 15.2 + 0, 05.2 = 0, 4 < 0, 45 loi
nn dd X cha Cu(N O3 )2 , F e(N O3 )2 , F e(N O3 )3 ( do to mui F e(N O3 )2 nn HN O3 ht)

bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

BTKL ta c:
mkh = mKL +mHN O3 mmui mH2 O = 11, 60, 7.630, 35.180, 05.1880, 05.2420, 1.180 = 9, 9gam
mdd sau p = 89, 2 gam
C%Cu(N O3 )2 = 10, 54%; C%F e(N O3 )3 = 13, 57%; C%F e(N O3 )2 = 20, 18%
Cu 107: Ha tan hon ton 11, 74g hn hp M gm mt oxit kim loi kim v oxit kim loi kim th
bng dung dch HCl ta thu c dung dch A. (Bit rng trong M oxit kim loi kim chim trn 72% v
s mol)
1
Ly dung dch A em c cn. in phn nng chy cht rn nhn c th thy thot ra lng Cl2 cc
2
i 5, 68g.
1
Ly dung dch A cho tc dng vi N a2 SO4 d th thu c 2,33g kt ta.
2
M gm:
A. Na2 O;BaO.

B. K2 O;CaO.

C. Na2 O;CaO.

D. K2 O;BaO.

Li gii:
nCl2 = 0, 08 nHCl = 0, 16.2 = 0, 32
D thy noxit = 0, 5nOH = 0, 5nHCl = 0, 16
Suy ra Mtb = 73, 375 suy ra oxit kim l N a2 O
Cn oxit cn li nhn vo khi lng kt ta bit ngay l BaO
p n A.
Cu 108: Ha tan hon ton 17,12 gam hn hp gm CaC2 v Al2 S3 vo nc d thu c hn hp kh
X v dung dch ch cha mt cht tan duy nht. t chy hon ton X bng lng O2 d, sn phm chy
dn qua 200 ml dung dch N aOH 2M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l.
A. 19,70 gam.

B. 20,90 gam.

C. 15,76 gam.

D. 16,72 gam.

Li gii:
Dung dch gm Ca(AlO2 )2 duy nht nCaC2 = nAl2 S3 = 0, 08
Hn hp kh gm 0, 08C2 H2 ; 0, 24H2 S
Khi t chy s thu c 0, 16CO2 v 0, 24SO2
Ta c nOH = 0, 6
D tnh c m = 20, 9g
p n B.
Cu 109: Ha tan ht 18, 08 gam hn hp rn gm F e, Cu v mt oxit st trong dung dch HCl long
thu c dung dch X ch cha cc mui c khi lng m gam v 672mlH2 (ktc). Cho AgN O3 d vo
dung dch X thu c 96, 934 gam kt ta. Mt khc ha tan ht 18, 08 gam rn trn trong dung dch
HN O3 long d thu c 2,24 lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm N O v N O2 c t l mol 7 : 3. Gi tr m l?
A. 33,41.
bring about change

B. 23,16.

C. 32,56.

D. 41,12.
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Bi tp rn luyn

Li gii:
Quy i hn hp cho thnh F e, Cu, O
Nhn thy qu trnh bo ton e ta thy ngay : Gi nF e3+ = a , nF e2+ = b , nCu = y , nO = z
Bo ton khi lng 56a + 56b + 64y + 16z = 18, 08
Bo ton e cho ln ha tan 1 3a + 2b + 2y 2z = 2.nH2 = 0, 06
Bo ton e cho ln ha tan 2 3a + 3b + 2y 2z = 3.nN O + nN O2 = 0, 24
Khi lng cht rn thu c gm AgCl v Ag [3a + 2b + 2y].143, 5 + 108.b = 96, 934

a = 0, 04; b = 0, 18
y = 0, 03; z = 0, 24
p n A.
Cu 110: Ha tan ht 68, 42 gam hn hp gm Al v F e3 O4 cn dng 840 gam dung dch HN O3 26, 625%
137
.
thu c dung dch X v V lt (ktc) hn hp kh Y gm N O v N2 O c t khi so vi He bng
15
Cho dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch X, un nng, ly kt ta nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng
khng i thu c 62, 4 gam rn. Gi tr ca V l.
A. 3,36.

B. 2,24.

C. 4,48.

D. 6,72.

Li gii:
nF e2 O3 = 0, 39 nF e3 O4 = 0, 26; nAl = 0, 3 nHN O3 = 3, 55
Gi smol N O, N2 O ln lt l x, y
x + 2y = 0, 31

Ta c
to mui N H4 N O3 gi s mol mui l z
7x 8y = 0

3x + 8y = 0, 26 + 0, 3.3


x + 2y + 2a = 0, 31

x = 0, 08
Th ta c

7x 8y = 0

y = 0, 07
3x + 8y + 8z = 0, 26 + 0, 3.3
Suy ra V = 3, 36l
p n A.
Cu 111: Cho 12,45 gam hn hp A gm kim loi M c ha tr II v nhm tc dng vi dung dch HN O3
d thu c 1,12 lt hn hp 2 kh N2 O, N2 c t khi hi i vi hidro bng 18,8 v dung dch B. Cho
B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c 0,449 lt kh N H3 . Xc nh kim loi M v khi lng mi
kim loi trong hn hp A. Bit nA = 0, 25 mol, cc kh o iu kin tiu chun.
Li gii:
Ta c : nN2 O = 0, 03; nN2 = 0, 02; nN H4 N O3 = 0, 02
Gi smol ca ca Al, M ln
 lt l x, y
x + y = 0, 25
x = 0, 1
Ta c

3x + 2y = 0, 6
y = 0, 15
T suy ra mAl = 2, 7g; mZn = 9, 75g
Cu 112: Ha tan hon ton 2,8 g F e v 1,6 g Cu trong 500ml dd hn hp HN O3 0,1M v HCl 0,4M
thu c kh NO duy nht v dd X. Cho X vo AgN O3 d, thu c m(g) cht rn. Bit cc phn ng xy ra
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

hon ton. NO l sn phn kh duy nht ca N +5 trong ccphn ng. gi tr ca m l:

A. 29,24.

B. 30,05.

C. 34,10.

D. 28,70.

Li gii:
nF e = 0, 05; nCu = 0, 025
3.0, 25
nH + = 0, 25 ne =
= 0, 1875
4
nAg = 0, 05.3 + 0, 025.2 ne = 0, 0125
Vy m = 0, 0125.108 + 0, 2.143, 5 = 30, 05g
p n B.
Cu 113: Cho 23,52g hn hp 3 kim loi M g, F e, Cu vo 200ml dung dch HN O3 3,4M khuy u
thy thot ra mt kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh (sn phm kh duy nht), trong dung dch cn
d mt kim loi cha tan ht. Cho tip t t dung dch H2 SO4 5M vo, cht kh trn li thot ra cho n
khi kim loi va tan ht th mt ng 44ml, thu c dung dch A. Cho dung dch N aOH d vo dung
dch A, lc kt ta, ra ri nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn B nng 31,2
g. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
1. Tnh % s mol mi kim loi trong hn hp u.
2. Tnh nng mol/l cc ion trong dung dch A.
Li gii:
t : nM g = a, nF e = b, nCu = c
mol H + tham gia p : nH + = 0, 68 + 0, 22.2 = 1, 12
nH +
nN O =
= 0, 28
4
ne.nhan

= 0, 28.3 = 0, 84
24a + 56b + 64c = 23, 52
a = 0, 06
C h:
b = 0, 12
2a + 2b + 2c = 0, 84

40a + 80b + 80c = 31, 2

c = 0, 24
a) Phn trm v s mol ca cc cht l :%nM g = 14, 28%, %nF e = 28, 57%, %nCu = 57, 15%
b) Vdd = 200 + 44 = 244(ml) CMCu2+ = 0, 9836
CMM g2+ = 0, 2459; CMF e2+ = 0, 4918; CMSO2 = 0, 9016; CMN O = 1, 6393.
4

Cu 114: in phn dd cha 0,2 mol F eSO4 v 0,06 mol HCl vi dng in 1,34 A trong 2 gi (in
cc tr, c mng ngn). B qua s ho tan ca clo trong nc v coi hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi
lng kim loi thot ra katod v th tch kh thot ra anot (ktc) ln lt l
A. 1,12 g Fe v 0, 896 lit hn hp kh Cl2 , O2 .
B. 1,12 g Fe v 1, 12 lit hn hp kh Cl2 v O2 .
C. 11,2 g Fe v 1, 12 lit hn hp kh Cl2 v O2 .
D. 1,12 g Fe v 8, 96 lit hn hp kh Cl2 v O2 .
Li gii:
1, 34.2.3600
ne =
0, 1
96500
bring about change

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Bi tp rn luyn

Catot: F e2+ > H2 O || Anot: Cl > H2 0

2n
 F e = ne = 0, 1 nF e = 0, 05
4nO2 + 2nCl2 = 0, 1
nO2 = 0, 01 V = (0, 01 + 0, 030).22, 4 = 0, 896
nCl2 = 0, 03
p n A.
Cu 115: Tin hnh in phn hon ton 30, 6g Al2 O3 vi in cc bng than ch thu c hn hp kh
X.Dn ton b X qua ng s cha hn hp Y gm F e v mt oxit st (t l mol 1:2) nung nng , kt thc
phn ng thy thot ra mt kh duy nht c V=12,32 (l) (KTC).Ha tan rn cn li trong ng s cn
dng 600gdung dch HN O3 26,25% thu c dd ch cha F e(N O3 )3 c khi lng 181,5g v 6,7g hn
hp kh Y gm N O v N2 O.Cng thc oxit st l:
A. FeO.

B. Fe2 O3 .

C. Fe3 O4 .

D. FeO hoc Fe2 O3 .

Li gii:
nAl2 O3 = 0, 3; nCO2 = 0, 55; nHN O3 = 2, 5; nF e(N O3 )3 = 0, 75
Gi cng thc caX
st l F ea Ob
(
nCO2 + nCO =
nC = 0, 55

(
nCO2 = 0, 35

(Phng trnh 1 l bo ton Cacbon,cn phng

nCO = 0, 2
2nCO2 + nCO = 3nAl2 O3
trnh
( 2 l bo ton Oxi )
(
nN O + 2nN2 O = 2, 5 0, 75.3 = 0, 25
nN O = 0, 15

30nN O + 44nN2 O = 6, 7
nN2 O = 0, 05
Cht rn trong ng s cn li ch F e; F ex Oy ,ta quy hn hp y v [F e; O]
Bo ton e :3nF e = 2nO + 3nN O + 8nN2 O nO = 0, 7
Suy ra tng s mol ca Oxi trong F ea Ob l gm trong phn oxi trong F ex Oy v trong CO2 (ly 1 Oxi
trong CO) 0, 7 + 0, 2 = 0, 9
T l mol :F e : F ea Ob = 1 : 2
Trng hp a = b = 1 nF eO = 0, 5 6= 0, 9 (Loi)
Trng hp a = 2; b = 3 nF e2 O3 = 0, 3 = 0, 9 : 3 (Nhn)
Trng hp a = 3; b = 4 nF e3 O4 = 3/28 6= 0, 9 : 4 (Loi)
p n B.
Cu 116: Hn hp A gm 112, 2 gam Cu, F e3 O4 , Zn . Cho A tan ht trong dung dch H2 SO4 long th
thy c 1, 7mol axit phn ng thu c dung dch B v c 2, 24 lt kh (ktc) bay ra. Sc N H3 d vo
dung dch B thu c 114, 8 gam kt ta. Nu tin hnh in phn dung dch B sau 6 gi 58 pht 10 giy
th thy khi lng dung dch B gim 83, 2 gam so vi ban u (bit kim loi sinh ra bm ht vo catot
v H2 O bay hi khng ng k trong qu trnh in phn). Dng in chy vo dung dch B c cng
(A)?
A. 10A.

bring about change

B. 12A.

C. 13A.

D. 14A.

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Bi tp rn luyn

Li gii:
D c: nF e3 O4 = 0, 4
T s mol kt ta d tnh c nF e+3 = 0, 4; nF e+2 = 0, 8
Gi s mol
 Zn, Cu ln lt l x, y

65x + 64y = 19, 4
x = 0, 2
Khi :

2x + 2y = 0, 1.2 + (0, 8 0, 4)
y = 0, 1
Do dung dch B s gm
nF e+3 = 0, 4; nF e+2 = 0, 8; nZn+2 = 0, 2; nCu+2 = 0, 1
Khi in phn B th s c O2 thot ra anot

2.0, 1 + (0, 8 0, 4) + 2a
Gi a l s mol F e sinh ra. Khi mgim = 0, 1.64 + a.56 +
.32 = 83, 2
4
ne F
a = 1 ne = 0, 1.2 + 0, 4 + 1.2 = 2, 6 I =
= 10A
t
p n A.
Cu 117: Cho 5, 528 gam hn hp X gm Cu v F e (bit t l mol Cu : F e = 1 : 18, 6) tc dng vi
3, 52 lt dung dch HN O3 0, 1M thu c dung dch Y v kh N O (sn phm kh duy nht ca N +5 ).
Tin hnh in phn dung dch Y vi in cc tr, cng dng in I = 3, 6345A trong thi gian t
giy thy khi lng catot tng ln 0, 88 gam (gi thit kim loi sinh ra bn ht vo catot). Gi tr ca t
l?
A. 2507s.

B. 2602s.

C. 2762s.

D. 2705s.

Li gii:
nCu = 0, 005; nF e = 0, 093
Thy dung dch Y s gm 0, 005molCu + 2; 0, 025molF e + 2; 0, 068molF e+3
Khi lng catot tng chnh l 0, 005molCu; 0, 01molF e
It
Ta c : ne =
t = 2602s
F
p n B.
Cu 118: X, Y l 2 nguyn t thuc 2 nhm A lin tip ca bng tun hon. Oxit ca X c ha tr cao
nht c cng thc l XO3 . n cht X tc dng vi n cht ca Y to thnh hp cht duy nht T c 7
nguyn t. Tng s ht mang in trong hp cht T bng 140. Xc nh cng thc phn t ng ca T.
Li gii:
Ta c X c cng thc oxit cao nht l XO3 nn X thuc nhm VI A ( X khng phi l O)
Vy Y ch c th nhm VA hoc VIIA
Ta gi cng thc hp cht to thnh l Xa Yb
Theo bi ta c 2aPX + 2bPY = 140
Vy aPX + bPY = 70
Mt khc a + b = 7
70
= 10
7
Do X chc chn c s P ln hn 10 v X thuc nhm VIA v khng phi O
T suy ra Ptrungbinh =

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54

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Vy nn Y s c s P nhn hn 10 v thuc nhm VA hoc VIIA
Vy Y c th l N hoc F. X, Y phn ng vi nhau. Suy ra Y l F. Cng thc ng ca T l SF6
Cu 119: Hai kim loi X v Y c tng s proton, ntron, electrong trong 2 nguyn t l 118 trong
tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 34. S ht mang in ca Y nhiu hn
ca X l 28. Khng nh no su y l ng?
A. iu ch X ngi ta dng kh CO kh oxit ca X nhit cao.
B. Oxit ca X tc dng vi C nhit cao to thnh cacbua kim loi.
C. Kim loi Y tc dng c vi HN O3 c ngui.
D. X v Y u tc dng c vi hi nc nhit cao.
Li gii:
Gi
electron ca X v Y l a, tng s ntron ca X v Y l b
 tng s proton v 
2a + b = 118
a = 38

2a b = 28
b = 42
Ta c:
 s ht mang in ca Y ln hn
ca X l 28

2PX + 2PY = 38.2 = 76
PY = 26
Y : Fe

2PY 2PX = 28
PX = 12
X : Mg
Cu A : sai ,do Mgo khng th b CO kh nhit cao
Cu B : sai ,v MgO khng d b kh bi C,CO,....
Cu C : sai,hn v Fe b th ng bi HN O3 c ngui.
Cu D: ng.

2
2.1

Ha hc hu c
Bi tp

Cu 120: Paracetamol (X) l thnh phn chnh ca thuc h st v gim au.Oxi ha hon ton 5,285g
X bng CuO d, dn sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh 1 ng H2 SO4 c, bnh 2 ng Ba(OH)2 d.Sau
khi kt thc th nghim thy khi lng bnh 1 tng 2,835g, bnh 2 to thnh 55, 16g kt ta v cn
0, 392(l) kh (KTC) thot ra.CTPT (trng vi cng thc n gin nht ) ca paracetamol l:
A. C4 H9 N .

B. C4 H9 O2 N .

C. C8 H9 N .

D. C8 H9 O2 N .

Li gii:
Ta c: nC = nCO2 = 0, 28; nH = 2nH2 O = 0, 315; nN = 2nN2 = 0, 035
5, 285 0, 28.12 0, 315 0, 0175.28
= 0, 07 T t l mol suy ra p n D.
nO =
16
Cu 121: Hn hp X cha mt s hydrocacbon u mch h. Cho 21, 8 gam X vi 0, 3 gam kh H2 vo
bnh kn c cha sn mt t bt Ni. Nung nng bnh mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so
vi H2 bng 27, 625. Dn ton b Y qua bnh ng dung dch Br2 d thy lng Br2 phn ng l 88, 0
gam, kh thot ra khi bnh ch cha mt hydroccabon A duy nht. Ly 0, 15 mol A t chy cn V lt O2
(ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
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Bi tp
A. 21,84.

B. 32,96.

C. 36,42.

D. 26,48.

Li gii:
t A c CT l Cn H2n+2
V A l kh duy nht do cc hydrocacbon trong X s u cha nC
21, 8 + 0, 3
Do c ngay nA =
= 0, 4
2.27, 625
2.88
= 23, 2g
mA = 21, 8 + 0, 3 +
160
MA = 58 A : C4 H1 0
4.0, 15.4 + 10.015
D c nO2 =
= 0, 975 V = 21.84(l)
4
p n A.
Cu 122: Hn hp X cha 4 hydrocacbon u mch h. Cho 7, 89 gam X vo bnh kn c cha sn 1, 792
lt kh H2 (ktc) v mt t bt N i Nung nng bnh mt thi gian thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi so vi
H2 bng 10, 0625. Dn ton b Y ln lt qua bnh ng (1) ng AgN O3 /N H3 d thu c 6, 0 gam
kt ta; bnh (2) ng dung dch Br2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 0, 98 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh (2)
gm 2 hydrocacbon hn km nhau 14 n v vC. Ly 0, 3 mol X tc dng va vi V ml dung dch
Br2

1M . Gi tr gn ng ca V l?
A. 0,10.

B. 0,32.

C. 2,12.

D. 2,46.

Li gii:
7, 89 + 0, 08.2
= 0, 4 mol MX = 19, 725
2.10, 0625
Mt khc Kh thot ra khi bnh (2) gm 2 hydrocacbon hn km nhau 14 n v vC do
Ta c: nH2 = 0, 08; nX =

X gm CH4 , C2 H2 ; C2 H4 ; C2 H6
Sau khi nung vi N i, tnh ngay c nC2 H2 = 0, 025; nC2 H4 = 0, 035
Bo ton s mol lin kt tnh c ngay s mol lin kt trong X l
n = 0, 025.2 + 0, 035 + 0, 08 = 0, 165
0, 165.0, 3
= 0, 12375
Vy V =
0, 4
p n A.
Cu 123: Hn hp X cha 4 hydrocacbon u th kh c s nguyn t cacbon lp thnh cp s cng
v c cng s nguyn t hydro. Nung nng 6, 72 lt hn hp E cha X v H2 c mt N i lm xc tc thu
c hn hp F c t khi so vi He bng 9, 5. Dn ton b F qua bnh ng dung dch Br2 d thy khi
lng Br2 phn ng l a mol; ng thi khi lng bnh tng 3,68 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh (hn hp
kh T ) c th tch l 1, 792 lt ch cha cc hydrocacbon. t chy ton b T thu c 4, 32 gam nc.
Cc kh u o ktc. Gi tr ca a l?
A. 0,12.

B. 0,13.

C. 0,14.

D. 0,15.

Li gii:

bring about change

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Bi tp

T d kin u tin ta c th suy ra X gm: CH4 , C2 H4 , C3 H4 , C4 H4

nH
nT = 0, 08 nH = 0, 48
=6
nT
Do ta coi T ch gm C2 H6 th mT = 2, 4g
mF = 2, 4 + 3, 68 = 6, 08g nF = 0, 16
S mol gim chnh l s mol H2 phn ng nH2 = 0, 14
Coi hn hp ch
 gm CH4 , C4 H4 . t
s mol hai thng l x, y
16x + 52y = 5, 8
x = 0, 07
Khi ta c:

x + y = 0, 16
y = 0, 09
Khi tnh c ngay nBr2 = 0.09.3 0, 14 = 0, 13
p n B.
Cu 124: t chy hon ton hn hp Q gm 2 ankin X,Y. Hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 4,5 lt
dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,02M thu c kt ta v khi lng dung dch tng 3,78 gam so vi ban u. Cho
dung dch Ba(OH)2 va vo dung dch thu c thm kt ta. Tng kt ta 2 ln l 18,85gam. Bit
rng s mol ca X bng 60% tng s mol X v Y c trong hn hp Q. Cc phn ng xy ra hon ton.
Cng thc X, Y ln lt l.
Li gii:
Kt ta thu c s gm CaCO3 , BaCO3
D tnh c ngay nCaCO3 = nCa(OH)2 = 0, 09 nBaCO3 = 0, 05
nCO2 = 0, 14
Lc u khi cha cho Ba(OH)2 th khi lng kt ta thu c l mCaCO3 = 0, 04.100 = 4g
Khi lng dung dch tng m = mCO2 + mH2 O mCaCO3 nH2 O = 0, 09
t CTC l Cn H2n2 th c ngay n = 2, 8
M s mol ca X bng 60% tng s mol X v Y suy ra X, Y ln lt l C2 H2 , C4 H6
Cu 125: Cho hn hp A gm 3 hirocacbon X, Y, Z thuc 3 dy ng ng khc nhau, hn hp B gm
O2 v O3 . Trn A v B theo t l th tch tng ng l 1,5 : 3,2 ri t chy hon ton thu c hn hp
ch gm CO2 v hi H2 O theo t l th tch l 1,3 : 1,2. Bit t khi ca kh B i vi hiro l 19. Tnh t
khi ca kh A i vi hiro?
Li gii:
Gi a = nH2 O

1, 3
1, 3a
nCO2
=
nCO2 =
a
1, 2
1, 2

19a
Bo ton Oxi : 2nO2 + 3nO3 = 2nCO2 + nH2 O =
6
19a
4a
mB = 16.(2nO2 + 3nO3 ) = 16.
= nB .19.2 nB =
6
3
nA
1, 5
M
=
nA = 0, 625a
nB
3, 2
Bo ton khi lng :mA + mB = mCO2 + mH2 O
19a
1, 3a
MA .0, 625a + 16.
= 44.
+ 18a
6
1, 2
MA = 24 dA/H2 = 12
Cu 126: Mt hn hp X gm 0,07 mol axetilen, 0,05 mol vinyl axetilen, 0,1 mol H2 v mt t bt Ni
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Bi tp

trong bnh kn. un nng bnh 1 thi gian thu hn hp Y gm 7 hirocacbon c t khi so vi H2 l 19,25.
Cho ton b hn hp Y qua bnh ng dung dch AgN O3 /N H3 d thu m gam kt ta vng nht v 1,586
lt hn hp kh Z(ktc) gm 5 hidrocacbonthot ra khi bnh. lm no hon ton Z cn dng va
60ml dd Br2 1M. Gi tr m l?
A. 11,97.

B. 9,57.

C. 16,8.

D. 12.

Li gii:
mX = 4, 62 nY = 0, 12 H2 phn ng ht
Bo ton s mol lin kt th c nY = 0, 19
Gi cht b hp th trong AgN O3 /N H3 l T cho d
nZ = 0, 07 nT = 0, 05
nZ = 0, 06 nT = 0, 13
T suy ra T s cha C4 H4 , C2 H2 hoc C4 H4 , C4 H6
M nT = nC4 H4 trongX v Z gm 5 kh nn T cha C4 H4 , C2 H2
Vy m = 9, 57g
p n B.
Cu 127: Thy phn hon ton 19 gam cht hu c X thu c m1 gam cht Y v m2 gam cht Z. t
chy hon ton m1 gam cht Y cn 0,6 mol O2 to ra 0,6 mol CO2 v 0,6 mol H2 O. t chy hon ton
m2 gam cht Z cn 0,3 mol O2 to ra 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol H2 O. Bit X c cng thc phn t trng
vi cng thc n gin nht. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C8 H14 O6 .

B. C9 H16 O6 .

C. C8 H14 O5 .

D. C9 H14 O6 .

Li gii:
Bi ny
( ta c th quy v nh sau:
19gCx Hy Oz
t chy cn 0, 9O2 sinh ra 0, 8CO2 v 1, 2H2 O
em
amolH2 O
p dng bo ton khi lng ta c: 19 + 18a + 0, 9.32 = 0, 8.44 + 1, 2.18 a = 0, 5 T d tm ra
cng thc ca X l C8 H14 O5
p n C.
Cu 128: Oxi ha 38 gam hn hp propanal, ancol A no n chc bc I v este B (to bi mt axit ng
ng ca axit acrylic v ancol A) c hn hp X gm axit v este. Mt khc, cho lng X phn ng
vi 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 1,5M th sau phn ng trung ha ht NaOH d cn 0,15 mol HCl c dung
dch D. C cn D c hi cht hu c E, cn li 62,775 gam hn hp mui. Cho E tch nc 1400 C
(H2 SO4 c xc tc) c F c t khi vi E l 1,61. A v B ln lt l:
A. C2 H5 OH v C3 H5 COOC2 H5 .

B. CH3 OH v C4 H7 COOCH3 .

C. CH3 OH v C3 H5 COOCH3 .

D. C2 H5 OH v C4 H7 COOC2 H5 .

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Bi tp

Li gii:
Nhn thy: T d kin bi ra ta khng th tm c c th s mol mi cht trong hn hp ban u, iu
ny gi cho ta nim v vic dng phng php tm khong gi tr hoc phi kt hp 4 p n nh mt
thng tin gip ta gii quyt bi ton.

C2 H5 COOH
C2 H5 CHO(a : mol)
[O]
RCOOH
RCH2 OH(b : mol) X
0
0
R COOCH2 R
R COOCH2 R(c : mol)
62, 775g mui bao gm: C2 H5 ON a; RCOON a; R0 COON a; N aCl : 0, 15(mol)
Cht hu c E l:RCH2 OH
Ta c:2RCH2 OH

H2 SO4 ;1400 C

(RCH2 )2 O + H2 O

44 + 2R
= 1, 61 R = 15
R + 31

C2 H5 CHO(a : mol)
C2 H5 COOH
[O]
Do hn hp ban u gm:
C H OH(b : mol) X CH3 COOH
0 2 5
0
R COOC2 H5 (c : mol)
R COOC2 H5

a + b + c = 0, 6

Theo bi ra ta c h phng trnh sau:

mX = 38 = 58a + 46b + (R0 + 73)c = 38(2)

96a + 82b + (R + 67)c = 62, 775 (23 + 35, 5).0.15(3)

Cch 1: Bin lun tm khong gi tr R(R 27)bng cch lm tri kt hp vi 2 p n cn li.
Tr (3) v (2) theo tng v ta c: 38a + 36b + (R0 6)c = 16 (R0 6)c = 16 38a 36b <
5, 6
5, 6
16 36(a + b) = 16 36(0, 6 c) Do : R0 6 < 6
R0 < 42
< 42 Do
c
c
: R0 = 41 (Kt hp vi p n)
Cch 2: Phng php th thun khit Ln lt nhp R0 = 41; 55 vo h phng trnh trn ta thy
ch c R0 = 41 cho gi tr a, b, c ph hp.
p n A.
Comment: R rng vi bi trn vic th p n "t" ra hu hiu gip chng ta n vi kt qu bi
ton nhanh hn, tuy vy n li khng sng" khi cc tc gi pht hin ra tm im ca bi ton
Cu 129: Chia m gam hn hpXgm hai ancol A, B (MA < MB ) thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho
tc dng vi Na (d) thu c 2,8 lt H2 (ktc). Phn 2 em oxi ha hon ton bi CuO un nng thu
c hai anehit tng ng. t chy hon ton hai anehit ny thu c 15,68 lt CO2 (ktc) v 12,6
gam H2 O. Mt khc, nu cho ton blng anehit trn tc dng vi lng ddung dch AgN O3 trong
N H3 un nng, sau khi kt thc cc phn ng th thu c 75,6 gam kt ta bc. Cng thc phn tca
ancol B l:
A. C4 H10 O.

bring about change

B. C3 H8 O.

C. C5 H12 O.

D. C2 H6 O.

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Bi tp

Li gii:
nandehit = nX = 2.0, 125 = 0, 25
nAg
= 2, 8 < 4 Hn hp anehit c cha HCHO : a(mol) v Cn H2n O : b(mol) (Do
Ta c: 2 <
nandehit
nCO2 = nH2 O = 0,7)
a + b = 0, 25
Theo bi ra ta c:
4a + 2b = 0, 7
Gii ra ta c: a = 0, 1; b = 0, 15
BTC, ta c: 0, 1 + 0, 15n = 0, 7 n = 4 C4 H10 O
Do , ancol B l: C5 H12 O
p n C.
Cu 130: Nu t chy hon ton hn hp gm mt ancol X (mch h) v mt axit cacboxylic bt k th
lun c s mol H2 O nh hn hoc bng s mol CO2 . t chy 0,15 mol X ri cho sn phm chy hp
th hon ton vo dung dch cha 0,25 mol Ba(OH)2 thy to thnh a gam kt ta.Gi tr ca a l:
A. 39,4.

B. 49,25.

C. 29,55.

D. 9,85.

Li gii:
Ta thy khi t chy acid th s mol ca CO2 lun ln hn s mol ca H2 O
Nn X phi l ancol khng no c cng thc l Cn H2n Oa
Khi t chy 0,15 mol X th s mol CO2 to thnh l 0, 15n mol
Mt khc khi cho sn phm chy hp th qua Ba(OH)2 , to kt ta th
Suy ra 0, 15n 0, 5 n 3, 333

nCO2
2
nOH

Mt khc X l ancol khng no th iu kin ca n l n 2 th mi tn ti dng ancol (n 2 s khng c

lin kt hoc ancol chuyn sang anehit)
Nn ta suy ra n = 3 nBaCO3 = nOH nCO2 = 0, 05mol mBaCO3 = 9, 85
p n D.
Cu 131: Hn hp M gm ancol no, n chc X v axit cacboxylic n chc Y, u mch h v c
cng s nguyn t C, tng s mol ca hai cht l 0,5 mol (s mol ca Y ln hn s mol ca X). Nu t
chy hon ton M th thu c 33,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 25,2 gam H2 O. Mt khc, nu un nng M vi
H2 SO4 c thc hin phn ng este ho (hiu sut l 80%) th s gam este thu c l:
A. 34,20.

B. 27,36.

C. 18,24.

D. 22,80.

Li gii:
Ta tnh c nCO2 = 1, 5 > nH2 O = 1, 4
Nn acid phi l acid khng no.
Gi cng thc chung ca acid v ancol ln lt l l

(
Cn H2n2 O2

Cn H2n+1 OH
nCO2
Ta c C =
= 3 nn 2 cht trn l C3 H4 O2 v C3 H7 OH
nhh

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Bi tp

Khi ta c h :
(
a + b = 0, 5
4a + 8b = 2, 8

(
a = 0, 3
b = 0, 2

Este to thnh l: C2 H3 COOC3 H7 khi khi lng este l:

m = 0, 2.0, 8.114 = 18, 24
p n C.
Cu 132: Hn hp A gm 3 este n chc, mch thng, to thnh t cng mt ru B vi 3 axit hu c,
trong c 2 axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no cha mt lin kt i. X phng ha
hon ton 14,7 gam A bng dung dch NaOH, thu c h hp mui v p gam ru B. Cho p gam ru
B vo bnh ng natri d, sau phn ng c 2,24 lt kh thot ra v khi lng bnh ng natri tng 6,2
gam. Mt khc t chy hon ton 14,7 gam A, thu c 13, 44 lt CO2 v 9, 9 gam H2 0. Xc nh cng
thc cu to ca tng este trong A (Cc th tch kh o ktc)
Li gii:
D dng xc nh c B l CH3 OH
t CT chung ca A l Cx Hy O2
D thy nA = nB = 0, 2
= 5, 5; M
= 73, 5
C = 3; H
T d kin u ca bi ton suy ra este l HCOOCH3 , CH3 COOCH3 , C2 H3 COOCH3
Cu 133: Axit cacboxylic X hai chc (c phn trm khi lng ca oxi nh hn 70%), Y v Z l hai
ancol ng ng k tip (MY < MZ). t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp gm X, Y, Z cn va 8,96
lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 8,1 gam H2 O. Phn trm khi lng ca Y trong
hn hp trn l?
A. 15,9 %.

B. 12,6 %.

C. 29,9 %.

D. 29,6 %.

Li gii:
Ta c :nCO2 = 0, 35mol, nH2 O = 0, 45, nO2 = 0, 4
nCO2
S nguyn t C trung bnh ca hn hp C =
= 1, 75
nhh

(
CH3 OH : amol
Do axit trn l acid 2 chc nn s nguyn t C ln hn hoc bng 2 nn 2 ancol l :
C2 H5 OH : bmol
Gi chung cng thc 2 ancol l C(
n H2n+1 OH : umol, acid 2 chc l Cx Hy O4 : vmol
(
u + 4v = 0, 35.2 + 0, 45 0, 4.2 = 0, 35
u = 0, 15
Bo ton nguyn t O ta c h

u + v = 0, 2
v = 0, 05
Bo ton nguyn t C: u.n + v.x = 0, 35 do n > 1 nn suy ra x < 4 suy ra x = 2, x = 3
4
Mt khc, t gii thit bi %O < 0, 7% MX > 91 x = 3 n =
3

a + b = u = 0, 15
Nn ta c : a + 2b
a = 0, 1; b = 0, 05
4

=
0, 15
3
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Bi tp

Khi %Y =

3, 2
.100 = 29, 9%
10, 7

p n C.
Cu 134: Hn hp X gm Ala-Ala, Ala-Gly-Ala , Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly v Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly. t 26,26
gam hn hp X gm cn 25,872 lt O2 (ktc). Cho 0,25 mol hn hp tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va
thu c bao nhiu gam mui?
A. 104,00.

B. 100,50 .

C. 99,15.

D. 98,84.

Li gii:
CTPT ca tng peptit ln lt l : C6 H12 O3 N2 ; C8 H15 O4 N3 ; C10 H18 O5 N4 ; C12 H21 O6 N5
Gi CTTQ ca X l C2x+2 H3x+6 Ox+1 Nx
1, 155.2

.(57x + 46) = 26, 25 x = 3, 8

4, 5x + 6
m = 0, 25.262, 6 + 0, 25.3, 8.40 0, 25.18 = 99, 15g
p n C.
Comment:
Mnh gii theo cch quy hn hp v thnh 2 Ala v x Gly nh
Gi CTTQ l :
[2C3 H7 N O2 ; xC2 H5 N O2 ] = C6+2x H12+3x N2+x O3+x ]
1, 155.2

.(57x + 160) = 26, 26 x = 1, 8

15 + 4, 5x
m = 0, 25.262, 6 + 0, 25.3.8.40 18.0, 25 = 99, 15 C
Ci nhanh y l :
Thay v phi vit tt c cch cht ra ri mi c th tm c quy lut ca n.Th bn ch cn n hn
hp ca n l lun lun c 2 Ala v trong hn hp ch cha cc aminnoaxit no,n.Nn ta quy v hn
hp thnh 2 Ala v x Gly.
Mo vt:
Ala: C3 H7 N O2 v Gly :C2 H5 N O2
+Tm s Cacbon : C = 3.2 + 2x = 6 + 2x
+Tm s Nit :N = 2.1 + x.1 = 2 + x
+Tm s Hidro :H = 2C + 2 N = 2.(6 + 2x) + 2 (2 + x) = 12 + 3x
+Tm s Oxi :O = N + 1 = (2 + x) + 1 = 3 + x
Cch ny ch ng cho cc aminnoaxit no,n thi nha
Cu 135: X l tripeptit; Y l ipeptit u c to bi cc aminoaxit no cha 1 nhm N H2 v 1
nhm COOH. t chy hon ton 0, 15 mol hn hp E cha X, Y cn dng 1, 845 mol O2 thu c
hn hp gm CO2 , H2 O v N2 ; trong tng khi lng ca CO2 v H2 O c khi lng 86, 88 gam.
Mt khc un nng 82, 2 gam E vi dung dch N aOH va thu c m gam mui. Gi tr m l:
A. 114,5.

B. 141,5.

C. 111,45.

D. 154,5.

Li gii:
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Bi tp


Cn H2n1 O4 N3 (a)
Cm H2m O3 N2 (b)


a + b = 0, 15
a = 0, 06
Theo bi ra ta c h phng trnh sau: 6(na + mb) 9a 6b = 4.1, 845

b = 0, 09
62(na + mb) 9a = 86, 88
D thy: nN2 = 1, 5.0, 06 + 0, 09 = 1, 65
Do :mE

Chy

= 82, 2

Xt trong 82, 2gE, ta c:nX = 0, 15; nY = 0, 225

Vy m = mE + mN aOH mH2 O = 82, 2 + 40(3.0, 15 + 2.0, 225) 18(0, 15 + 0, 225) = 111, 45
p n C.
Cu 136: l peptit c dng Cx Hy Oz N6 ; Y l peptit c dngCn Hm O6 Nt (X, Y u c to bi cc aminoaxit no cha 1 nhm N H2 v 1 nhm COOH). un nng 32, 76 gam hn hp E cha X, Y
cn dng 480ml dung dch N aOH1M . Mt khc t chy 32, 76 gam E thu c sn phm chy gm
CO2 , H2 O v N2 . Dn ton b sn phm chy vo nc vi trong ly d thu c 123, 0 gam kt ta;
ng thi khi lng dung dch gim a gam. Gi tr a l :
A. Tng 49,44.

B. Gim 94,56.

C. Tng 94,56.

D. Gim 49,44.

Li gii:
Vit li CT ca X, Y l Cx H2x4 O7 N6 ; Cn H2n3 O6 N5
t s
mol X, Y ln lt l a, b

6a + 5b = 0, 96

a = 0, 03
Ta c:

na + mb = 1, 23

b = 0, 06
14(na + mb) + 192a + 163b = 32, 76
Suy ra nH2 O = 1, 08
Suy ra khi lng dung dch gim 49, 44g
p n D.
Cu 137: Cho hn hp A gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon k tip thuc cng mt dy ng ng.
Ly 100ml hn hp A trn vi 300ml oxi d. t hon ton hn hp, th tch hn hp sn phm kh v
hi thu c 435ml. Sau khi cho hn hp i qua H2 SO4 c th tch kh cn li l 185ml. Khi cho qua
tip KOH c th cn li 45ml. Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Cng thc phn t hai hirocacbon
l:
A. C3 H6 , C4 H8 .

B. C3 H8 , C4 H10 .

C. C2 H4 , C3 H6 .

D. CH4 , C2 H6 .

Li gii:
Htb = (435 185).2/100 = 5 < 7 nn hirocacbon c Htb < 5
Ctb = (185 45)/100 = 1, 4 < 2 nn hirocacbon c Htb < 1, 4
p n D.
Cu 138: Hn hp kh X gm etylamin v hai hirocacbon l ng ng k tip. t chy hon ton
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Bi tp

100 ml hn hp X bng mt lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp Y gm kh v hi nc. Nu cho

Y i qua dung dch axit sunfuric c d th cn li 250 ml lt kh (ktc). Cng thc hai hirocacbon l:
A. CH4 v C2 H6 .

B. C2 H4 v C3 H6 .

C. C2 H6 v C3 H8 .

D. C3 H6 v C4 H8 .

Li gii:
Ta c VH2 O = 300ml; VCO2 +N2 = 250ml
Trong p n ch c ankan v anken.Nhn thy hai hidrocacbon l anken thch hp hn
t CTC ca
hidrocacbon l Cn H2n .
Th tch etylamin v hirocacbon ln lt l x, y
x
+
y
=
100
x = 50

Khi ta c 2, 5x + ny = 250 y = 50

n = 2, 5
3, 5x + ny = 300
T suy ra hai hidrocacbon l C2 H4 v C3 H6
p n C.
Cu 139: Thc hin phn ng ester ha hn hp gm 1 mol CH3 COOH nguyn cht vi 1 mol C1 H5 OH
nguyn cht mt nhit xc nh th hiu sut ti a ca phn ng l 60%. Trn thc th rt kh gp
CH3 COOH dng nguyn cht nn thc hin phn ng ny ngi ta phi ly dung dch CH3 COOH.
Nh vy nu ly 60g dung dch CH3 COOH 94% tc dng vi 46g etanol nguyn cht iu kin ging
nh trn th hiu sut phn ng ester ha l bao nhiu?
Li gii:
Th nghim 1: CH3 COOH nguyn cht
[CH3 COOC2 H5 ].[H2 O]
0, 62
Theo ta c: Kcb =
=
= 2, 25 Th nghim 2: CH3 COOH
[CH3 COOH].[C2 H5 OH]
(1 0, 6)2
dung dch
nCH3 COOH = 0, 94 mol nH2 O = 0, 2 mol
nC2 H5 OH = 1 mol
cng iu kin nn Kcb khng i
x.(x + 0, 2)
= 2, 25
Kcb =
(0, 94 x)(1 x)
x = 3, 1074 > 0, 94 (loi) V x = 0, 5445 (nhn)
H% = 57, 92%

Cu 140: Cho X, Y l hai axit cacboxylic n chc mch h (MX < MY ); T l este hai chc to bi
X, Y v mt ancol no m ch h Z. t chy hon ton 6,88 gam hn hp E gm X, Y, T bng mt lng
va O2 , thu c 5,6 lit CO2 (ktc) v 3, 24 gam nc. Mt khc 6, 88 gam E tc dng vi dung dch
AgN O3 /N H3 d thu c 12, 96 gam Ag. Khi lng rn khan thu c khi cho cng lng E trn tc
dng vi 150 ml dung dch KOH 1M l :
A. 10, 54 gam.

B. 14, 04 gam.

C. 12, 78 gam.

D. 13, 66 gam.

Li gii:
Do E tc dng c vi AgN O3 /N H3 v (MX < MY ) nn X l HCOOH v T ch gc HCOO
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Bi tp

Mt khc ta thy nCO2 = 0, 25 > nH2 O = 0, 18 nn suy ra Y l axit khng no

t nX = a, nY = b, nT = c (mol)
Bo ton nguyn t oxi trong E ta c 2a + 2b + 4c =

6, 88 0, 25.12 0, 18.2
= 0, 22(1)
16

Vo t lng Ag = 0, 12 ta suy ra 2a + 2c = 0, 12 (2)

T (1) v (2) suy ra b + c = 0, 05 (3)
Gi s s lin kt trong Y l k suy ra s lin kt trong E l k + 1
Khi (k 1)b + kc = 0, 25 0, 18 0, 07 = 0, 05k b
Vi iu kin b < 0, 05 suy ra k < 2, 4. Suy ra Y c 2 lin kt trong mt lin kt gc khng no
T suy ra a = 0, 04, b = 0, 03, c = 0, 02
T ta tm c X: HCOOH, Y: CH2 = CHCOOH, T: HCOO CH2 CH2 OOC CH = CH2
Z:C2 H4 (OH)2

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L thuyt t luyn.

2.2

L thuyt t luyn.

Cu 141: Cht th no sao y dng nhn bit glucz v fructz:

A. Cu(OH)2 /NaOH .

B. Br2 .

C. AgNO3 /NH3 .

D. H2 (Ni, t0 ).

Cu 142: Cho s chuyn ha sau (mt mi tn l mt phng trnh phn ng):

Tinh bt X Y Z metyl axetat
Cc cht Y,Z trong s ln lt l:
A. C2 H5 OHCH3 COOH.

B. CH2 CH2 CH3 COOH.

C. CH3 COOHC H3 OH.

D. CH3 COOHC2 H5 OH.

Cu 143: Este no sau y l este dng sn xut nha hu c( knh t)

A. metyl oxalat.

B. poli (mety metacrylat).

C. poli (vinyl axetat).

D. Isoamyl axetat.

Cu 144: Cho cc cht sau: (1 )CH3 COOC2 H5 ;(2 )CH2 CHCOOCH3 ;(3 )C6 H5 COOCHCH2 ;
(4 )CH2 C(CH3 )OOCCH3 ;(5 )C6 H5 OOCCH3 ;(6 )CH3 COOCH2 C6 H5 . Dy cc cht tc dng c
vi NaOH un nng nhng khng thu c ancol l:
A. (1)(2)(3)(4).

B. (3)(4)(5).

C. (1)(3)(4)(6).

D. (3)(4)(5)(6).

Cu 145: Cho cc pht biu sau:

Phenol l cht rn , c th tan tt trong nc 700 C
Tnh axit ca phenol mnh hn nc l do nh hng ca gc phenyl ln nhm OH
Sc kh CO2 d vo dung dch natriphenolat thy dung dch vn c
Nguyn t H ca vng benzen trong phenol d b thay th hn nguyn t H trong benzen l do nh
hng ca nhm -OH ti vng benzen
C6 H5 OH v C6 H5 CH2 OH l ng ng k tip ca nhau (C6 H5 l gc phenyl)
S pht biu ng l:
A. 4.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 5.

Cu 146: Axit salixylic (axit o-hidroxibenzoic) tc dng vi cht X c xc tc H2 SO4 to ra metyl salixylat dng lm thuc xoa bp, cn tc dng vi cht Y to ra axit axetyl salixylic (aspirin) dng lm thuc
cm. Cc cht X, Y ln lt l:
A. metan v anhirit axetic.
bring about change

B. metan v axit axetic.

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L thuyt t luyn.
C. metanol v anhirit axetic.

D. metanol v axit axetic.

Cu 147: ho cc phng php s ch hp cht hu c:

a) Gi l cy chm, cho vo nc, lc ly dung dch mu nhum si, vi.
b) Nu ru ung.
c) Ngm ru thuc, ru rn.
d) Lm ng ct, ng phn t nc ma.
e)Mui da,mui c.
f)Nu nc l xng hi.
g) un si du th tch ring nha ng,du nhn, du izen, du ha,xng,...
h)Nu cao ng vt.
S phng php thuc loi chng ct ,chit, kt tinh ln lt l:
A. 2;3;3.

B. 2;2;3.

C. 3;2;2.

D. 3;3;2.

Cu 148: Cho dy cc cht: phenyl clorua,benzyl clorua,etylmetyl ete, mantozo, tinh bt, nilon-6, poli(vinyl
axetat), t visco,protein, metylamoni clorua.S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dd NaOH long, un
nng:
A. 8.

B. 7.

C. 6.

D. 5.

Cu 149: Cho s phn ng:

N aOH,d

N aOH/CaP,t0

O2 ,xt

CO

CH3 CCl3 X Y Z T
Cc cht X,Y,Z,T ln lt l:
A. CH3 COONa; CH4 ; CH3 OH; CH3 COOH.

B. CH3 COOH; CH3 COONa; CH3 CHO; CH3 COOH.

C. CH3 COONa;C2 H4 ; C2 H5 OH; CH3 COOH.

D. CH3 COOH; C2 H5 OH; CH3 CHO; CH3 CH2 CHO.

Cu 150: Hidro ha hon ton hidrocacbon mch h X thu c isopentan. S cng thc cu to c th
c ca X l:
A. 6.

B. 7.

C. 5.

D. 4.

Cu 151: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C4 H8 O3 . X c kh nng tham gia phn ng Na, vi
dung dch NaOH v phn ng trng bc. Sn phm thy phn ca X trong mi trng kim c kh nng
ha tan Cu(OH)2 to dung dch xanh lam. Cng thc cu to ca X c th l:
A. CH3 CH(OH)CH(OH)CHO.

B. HCOOCH2 CH(OH)CH3 .

C. CH3 COOCH2 CH2 OH.

D. HCOOCH2 CH2 CH2 OH.

Cu 152: Ch ra s cu ng trong cc cu sau:

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L thuyt t luyn.
Phenol, axit axetic, CO2 u phn ng c vi NaOH.
Phenol, ancol etylic khng phn ng vi NaHCO3 .
CO2 , v axit axetic phn ng c vi natriphenolat v dd natri etylat
Phenol, ancol etylic, v CO2 khng phn ng vi dd natri axetat
HCl phn ng vi dd natri axetat, natri p-crezolat.
A. 3.

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 5.

Cu 153: Cho cc pht biu sau:

Phenol tan v hn trong nc 660 C.
Phenol c lc axit mnh hn ancol etylic.
Phn ng th vo benzen d hn phn ng th vo nhn thm ca phenol.
Phenol tan tt trong etanol.
Phenol lm qu tm ha .
Nhm OH phenol khng b th bi gc axit nh nhm OH ancol.
C bao nhiu pht biu ng ?
A. 5.

B. 4.

C. 3.

D. 6.

Cu 154: Nghin thy tinh thng thnh bt ri cho vo nc ct nh vi git phenolphtalenin th nc

s chuyn thnh mu g ? Gii thch
A. tm.

B. xanh.

C. hng.

D. .

Cu 155: Cho cc nhn nh sau:

Gc hirocacbon l tp hp cc nguyn t C v H c to ra do mt hirocacbon mt mt nguyn
t H hay mt s nguyn t H m c, n c cng thc tng qut Cn H2n+1 .
Silic dioxit tan c trong kim hoc cacbonat kim loi kim nng chy to thnh cc mui silicat,
khi cc mui silicat ca kim loi kim tan trong nc c gi l thy tinh lng.
Trong thc t phenol c dng sn xut: poli(phenol fomandehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit
picric.
Anilin tc dng vi axit nitr khi un nng thu c mui iazonin.
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L thuyt t luyn.
Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l: HBr; CO2 ;CH4

Phn m nitrat l mui natri nitrat v canxi nitrat c t l %N thp v thch hp cho nhng vng
t nhim phn v nhim mn.
Khi vt bng gang, thp b n mn in ho trong khng kh m th tinh th st l anot, xy ra qu
trnh kh.
Cc ancol a chc u phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam.
S nhn nh khng ng l:
A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 3.

D. 2.

Cu 156: t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 hidrocacbon mch h thu c 19, 712(l) kh CO2
(KTC) v 8, 1g H2 O.Hai hidrocacbon trong hn hp X thuc dy ng ng :
A. ankadien.

B. ankin.

C. ankylbenzen.

D. ankadien v ankin.

Cu 157: Hai cht no di y khi tham gia phn ng trng ngng to t nilon-6,6?
A. Axit glutamic v hexametyleniamin.

B. Axit aipic v hexametyleniamin.

C. Axit picric v hexametyleniamin.

D. Axit aipic v etilen glicol.

Cu 158: Lp dng c nh hnh v th c th dng thc hin th nghim no trong s 3 th nghim

sau:

(1) iu ch este etyl axetat t ru etylic v axit axetic.

(2) iu ch axit axetic t natri axetat.
(3) iu ch buten-2 t butanol-2
A. ch (1).

B. ch (2).

C. (1) v (3).

D. (1) v (2).

Cu 159: Thy phn cht no sau y trong dung dch N aOH to mui v anhit:
A. CH3 COOCHCH2 .

B. CH3 COOC2 H5 .

C. CH3 COOCHClCH3 .

D. A; C ng.

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L thuyt t luyn.

Cu 160: t chy hon ton 1mol hp cht hu c X thu c 4 mol CO2 . Cht X tc dng c Na,
tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HOCH2 CH2 CHCHO.

B. HOOCCHCHCOOH.

C. HOCH2 CHCHCHO.

D. HOCH2 CH2 CH2 CHO.

Cu 161: Trong cc kin di y, kin no ng?

A. t st nho nc rt do, c th p thnh gch, ngi, vy t st nho nc l cht do.
B. Thch cao nho nc rt do, c th nn thnh tng, vy l mt cht do.
C. Thy tinh hu c (plexiglas) rt cng v bn vi nhit, vy khng phi l cht do.
D. Tnh do ca cht do ch th hin trong nhng iu kin nht nh, cc iu kin khc, cht do
c th khng do.
Cu 162: C th iu ch poli vinyl ancol bng cch:
A. Trng hp ancol vinylic.

B. Trng ngng etylen glicol.

C. X phng ha poli (vinyl axetat).

D. Dng mt trong ba cch trn.

Cu 163: DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) c trong m cc loi c sng vng bin lnh v su, l mt axit
bo cha no thuc nhm omega 3.DHA c cc nh khoa hc chng minh c li cho vic pht
trin tr no ca tr , gip gim lon nhp tim, gim t l bnh suy ng mch vnh, gim chng nhi mu
c tim ngi ln. DHA c cng thc C21 H31 COOH, mch khng phn nhnh, phn t ch cha ton ni
n v ni i. Vy DHA l mt axit bo cha no c bao nhiu ni i CC trong phn t:
A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

D. 7.

Cu 164: Cho mt s tnh cht sau:

l cht rn khng mu, tan tt trong nc, to dung dch c v ngt;
b oxi ha bi dung dch brom hoc AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 un nng;
ln men trong iu kin thch hp thu c etanol v kh cacbonic.
tc dng vi (CH3 CO)2 O c th to ra hp cht c ti a 5 chc este (pentaeste).
b kh bi H2 vi xc tc Ni un nng, to thnh sobitol.
S tnh cht ng vi glucoz l:
A. 4.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 5.

Cu 165: Trong s cc cht hu c (cha C, H, O) u c phn t khi bng 60, c a cht tc dng c
vi Na gii phng H2 ; b cht tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH; c cht tham gia phn ng trng bc.
Gi tr ca a, b, c ln lt l:
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L thuyt t luyn.
A. 4; 2; 2.

B. 2; 1; 0.

C. 3; 2; 1.

D. 2; 2; 0.

Cu 166: tch cc cht ra khi nhau t hn hp axit axetic v etylaxetat ta c th tin hnh theo trnh
t no sau y :
A. Dng Na2 O, chng ct, dung dch H2 SO4 d, chng ct.
B. Dng dung dch K2 CO3 d, chng ct, dung dch H2 SO4 d, chng ct.
C. Dng Na2 O, dung dch H2 SO4 d,chng ct.
D. Dng dung dch NaOH d,chng ct, dung dch H2 SO4 d,chng ct.
Cu 167: Hp cht mnh h X: C4 H6 O3 c cc ho tnh sau:
Tc dng c vi NaOH, Na ; lm mt mu dung dch Br2
Tham gia phn ng trng ngng v trng hp
S cng thc cu to c th ca X l :
A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 168: Cho 6 nhm cc dung dch ring r sau :

Saccaroz v Glucoz;
Saccaroz v Mantoz;
Saccaroz, Mantoz, Fomanehit;
Saccaroz, Glucoz, Etanal;
Glucoz, Axit axetic;
Glucoz, Glixerol, Fomanehit. Thuc th duy nht c th nhn bit c cc dung dch trong mi
nhm trn l
A. H2 SO4 .

B. AgNO3 /NH3 .
0

C. Cu(OH)2 /OH ,t .

D. Na2 CO3 .

Cu 169: S ng phn amin bc 3 ng vi cng thc phn t: C7 H17 N l:

A. 16.

B. 17.

C. 18.

D. 19.

Cu 170: Phn ng este ha gia ancoletylic vi axit axetic (xc tc H2 SO4 c, nhit )l phn ng
thun nghch. Thc hin cc bin php:
Dng d xit axetic;

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L thuyt t luyn.
Lin tc thm ancol vo bnh phn ng;
Thm cht xc tc vo;
Thng xuyn tch ester ra khi hn hp phn ng;
Nh git chm nc vo hn hp;
un hi lu hn hp phn ng.

S bin php lm tng hiu sut to este l:

A. 2.

B. 3.
xt,t0

Cu 171: C3 H8 X

Cl2 ,t0 cao

C. 4.
ddCl

D. 5.

N aOH

Y 2 Z glixerol. Bit X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng

thc cu to ca X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH3 CHCH2 ;CH2 CHCH2 Cl;CH2 ClCHOHCH2 Cl.
B. CH CCH3 ;CH2 ClCCl2 CH3 ;CH2 OHCHOHCH2 Cl.
C. C2 H2 ;CH2 CHCH3 ;CH2 ClCHClCH2 Cl.
D. CH2 CHCH3 ;CH2 CHCH2 Cl; CH2 ClCHClCH2 OH.
Cu 172: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn tl C3 H6 O2 . X tc dng vi N a v vi Ag2 O trong dung
dch NH3 . Oxi ha X trong iu kin thch hp thu c hp cht a chc. Hy cho bit cng thc cu
to no sau y ng vi X?
A. HCOOCH2 CH3 .

B. CH3 CH(OH)CHO.

C. CH3 CH2 COOH.

D. HOCH2 CH2 CHO.

xt,t0

Cu 173: C3 H8 X

Cl2 ,t0 cao

ddCl

N aOH

Y 2 Z glixerol. Bit X, Y, Z u l cc sn phm chnh. Cng

thc cu to ca X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. CH3 CH = CH2 ; CH2 = CH CH2 Cl; CH2 Cl CHOH CH2 Cl.
B. CH C CH3 ; CH2 Cl CCl2 CH3 ; CH2 OH CHOH CH2 Cl.
C. C2 H2 ; CH2 = CH CH3 ; CH2 Cl CHCl CH2 Cl.
D. CH2 = CH CH3 ; CH2 = CH CH2 Cl; CH2 Cl CHCl CH2 OH.
Cu 174: Cht hu c X c cng thc phn tl C3 H6 O2 . X tc dng vi N a v vi Ag2 O trong dung
dch N H3 . Oxi ha X trong iu kin thch hp thu c hp cht a chc. Hy cho bit cng thc cu
to no sau y ng vi X?
A. HCOO CH2 CH3 .

B. CH3 CH(OH) CH = O.

C. CH3 CH2 COOH.

D. HO CH2 CH2 CH = O.

Cu 175: Cc cht hu cK, L, M, P, E c cng CTPT: C4 H8 O2 . K, L c phn ng vi Na v NaOH.

Cht cn li u tc dng vi NaOH, ring E cn tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cc cht K, L, M, P, E
l:
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L thuyt t luyn.
A. CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH; CH3 CH2 COOCH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3 )COOH;

CH3 COOC2 H5 ; HCOOCH2 CH2 CH3 .

B. CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH; CH3 CH(CH3 )COOH; CH3 CH2 COOCH3 ; CH3 COOC2 H5 ;
HCOOCH2 CH2 CH3 .
C. CH3 CH(CH3 )COOH; CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH; HCOOCH2 CH2 CH3 ;
CH3 COOC2 H5 ; HCOOCH2 CH2 CH3 .
D. Tt c u sai.
Cu 176: Cho cc cht sau: CH3 COOCH2 CH2 Cl; ClH3 N CH2 COOH; C6 H5 Cl (thm);HCOOC6 H5
(thm), C6 H5 COOCH3 (Thm);OHC6 H4 CH2 OH (thm), CH3 CCl3 ; CH3 COOC(Cl2 )CH3 .C bao
nhiu cht khi tc dng vi N aOH c d, nhit v p sut cao cho sn phm c 2 mui:
A. 7.

B. 4.

C. 5.

D. 6.

Cu 177: Cho cc phn ng sau:

t0

X + 3N aOH C6 H5 ON a + CH3 CHO + H2 O

CaO,t0

Y + 2N aOH T + 2N a2 CO3
t0

CH3 CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + N aOH Z + ...

CaO,t0

Z + N aOH T + N a2 CO3
S nguyn t hidro trong X l:
A. 8.

B. 10.

C. 12.

D. 14.

Cu 178: Cho cc pht biu sau:

S nguyn t cacbon ca cht bo l s l.
Nguyn nhn lm du m b i thiu l do ni i C = O b oxi ha chm bi oxi khng kh to
thnh sn phm c mi kh chu .
Axit bo khng no cng nh cao su thin nhin u dng ng phn hnh hc cis.
Thy phn este trong mi trng axit lun l phn ng thun nghch.
Lipit bao gm cht bo, sp, steroit, photphoieste,..
Axit panmatic, axit steric l cc axit bo ch yu thng gp trong thnh phn ca cht bo trong
ht, qu.
S pht biu khng ng l:
A. 1.

bring about change

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

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L thuyt t luyn.

Cu 179: Cho cc pht biu sau:

(1) Toluen tham gia phn ng th vi HN O3 d hn benzen
(2) phn bit anilin v ancol etylic c th dng dung dch N aOH
(3) Tt c cc aminoaxit u c tnh lng tnh
(4) iu kin thng, trimetylamin l cht kh, ha xanh qu tm m
(5) Protein km bn trong mi trng axit v kim
(6) Anilin dng sn xut phm nhm trong cng nghip.
C bao nhiu pht biu ng ?
A. 4.

B. 5.

C. 6.

D. 2.

Cu 180: Cho s chuyn ha sau:T oluen X Y Z. Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp cc hp

cht hu c. Cht Z c thnh phn chnh gm:
A. Benzyl bromua v o-brom toluen.

B. m-metyl phenol v o-metyl phenol.

C. o-metyl phenol v p-metyl phenol.

D. o-brom toluen v p-brom.

Cu 181: Cho cc polime : PE, PVC, cao su buna, amiloz, amilopectin, xenluloz, cao su lu ho.
Polime c dng cu trc mch khng phn nhnh l?
A. PE, PVC, cao su lu ho, amiloz, xenluloz.
B. PE, PVC, cao su buna, amilopectin, xenluloz.
C. PE, PVC, cao su buna , amiloz , amilopectin.
D. PE, PVC,cao su buna, amiloz, xenluloz.
Cu 182: Cho cc mnh sau:
(1) C 4 ankan trng thi kh nhit thng
(2) Nhit si ca Hidrocacbon tng theo chiu tng khi lng mol phn t
(3) Ancol, axit cacboxylic, este, amino axit khng c cht no l cht kh nhit thng
(4) Nu cc cht c khi lng phn t gn bng nhau th cht no c lin kt hidro s c nhit si cao
hn nhng cht khng c lin kt hidro.
S nhn xt ng l:
A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 183: X l mt loi thuc cm c cng thc phn t C9 H8 O4 . Cho 1 mol X phn ng ht vi dung
dch N aOH thu c 1 mol cht Y , 1 mol cht Z v 2 mol H2 O. Nung Y vi hn hp CaO/N aOH thu
c parapin n gin nht. Cht Z phn ng vi dung dch H2 SO4 long d thu c hp cht hu c
tp chc T khng c kh nng phn ng trng gng . C cc pht biu sau :
a) Cht X phn ng vi N aOH theo t l 1 : 2
b) Cht Y c tnh axit mnh hn H2 CO3
c) Cht Z c CTPT l C7 H4 O4 N a2 .
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L thuyt t luyn.

d) Cht T khng tc dng vi CH3 COOH nhng c phn ng vi CH3 OH (H2 SO4 c, nhit )
S pht biu ng l:
A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 3.

D. 4.

Cu 184: Cho s chuyn ha sau:

H2 /xt,t0

xt,caosubunaN

+Z/xt,t0

C2 H2 X Y caosubunaN
Cht X,Y,Z trong s chuyn ha ln lt l:
A. benzen. xiclohexan, amoniac.

B. axetanhehit, ancol etylic, buta-1,3-ien.

C. vinylaxetilen; buta-1.3-ien. stiren.

D. vinylaxetilen, buta-1,3-ien, acrilonitrin.

Ht
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GS.Xon

bring about change

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