EXPERIMENT NO.

1
AIM: To design third and fifth order Butterworth and Chebyshev Low Pass Filter.
DESIGN SPECIFICATION
1. PLR = 3 dB
2. Frequency = 5 GHz
3. Impedance = 50
DESIGN STEPS
1. Butterworth LPF
LAR = 3dB
= 2 = 3.1415 1010 /
a) N=3
(21)

g = 2 2
(1.1)
g0 = 1.0
; = 0
(1.2)
(21)

g1 = 2 6 = 2 6 = 1 ; = 1
(4 1)
3
g2 = 2
= 2
= 2 ; = 2
6
6
(6 1)
5
g3 = 2
= 2
= 1 ; = 3
6
6
Value of capacitance and inductance are
g1
C1 =
= 795.8

g
L2 = 2 = 3.979

g3
C3 =
= 795.8

b) N=5
g = 2
g0 = 1.0

(2 1)
2

(2 1)

= 2
= 0.618
10
10
(4 1)
3
g2 = 2
= 2
= 1.618
10
10
(6 1)
5
g3 = 2
= 2
=2
10
10
(8 1)
7
g4 = 2
= 2
= 1.618
10
10
g1 = 2

; = 0
; = 1
; = 2
; = 3
; = 4

(10 1)
9
= 2
= 0.618 ; = 5
10
10
Value of capacitance and inductance are
g1
C1 =
= 491.8

g
L2 = 2 = 3.219

g3
C3 =
= 1.592

g
L4 = 2 = 3.219

g1
C5 =
= 491.8

g5 = 2

2. Chebyshev LPF
LAR = 3dB
= 2 = 3.1415 1010 /
a) N=3

0 = 1.0 , 1 =

21
,

41
= 2,3
1 1
(2 1)
=
= 1,2
2

= 2 + 2 ( ) = 1,2

= { (
)}
17.37

= ( )
2
10 /10 1
cosh1 ( /10
)
10
1

cosh1 ( )

(2 1)

1 =
= = 0.5
; = 1
6
6
(4 1)
3
2 =
=
=1
; = 2
6
6
(6 1)
5
3 =
=
= 0.5 ; = 3
6
6
3
= { (
)} = 1.766
17.37
1.766
= (
) = 0.298
6

1 = 0.2982 + 2 ( ) = 0.839
3
=

2
) = 0.839
3
3
3 = 0.2982 + 2 ( ) = 0.088
3
0 = 1.0
; =0
21
1 =
= 3.349
; =1

41 2
2 =
= 0.7118
; =2
1 1
42 3
3 =
= 3.349
; =3
2 2
Value of capacitance and inductance are
g1
C1 =
= 2.665

g
L2 = 2 = 1.416

g3
C3 =
= 2.665

2 = 0.2982 + 2 (

b) N=5

21
41
, =
= 2,3

1 1
(2 1)
=
= 1,2
2

= 2 + 2 ( ) = 1,2

= { (
)}
17.37

= ( )
2
10 /10 1
cosh1 ( /10
)
10
1

cosh1 ( )

(2 1)

1 =
=
= 0.309 ; = 1
10
10
(4 1)
3
2 =
=
= 0.809 ; = 2
10
10
(6 1)
5
3 =
=
=1
; = 3
10
10
(8 1)
7
4 =
=
= 0.809 ; = 4
10
10
(10 1)
9
5 =
=
= 0.309 ; = 5
10
6
.5
= { (
)} = 1.766
17.37
1.766
= (
) = 0.1775
10
0 = 1.0 , 1 =


1 = 0.17752 + 2 ( ) = 0.3769
5
2
2
2
2 = 0.1775 + ( ) = 0.9360
5
3
3 = 0.17752 + 2 ( ) = 0.9360
5
4
4 = 0.17752 + 2 ( ) = 0.3769
5
5
5 = 0.17752 + 2 ( ) = 0.0315
5
0 = 1.0
; =0
21
1 =
= 3.4817
; =1

41 2
2 =
= 0.7619
; =2
1 1
42 3
3 =
= 4.5377
; =3
2 2
43 4
4 =
= 0.7619
; =4
3 3
44 5
5 =
= 3.4817
; =5
4 4
Value of capacitance and inductance are
g1
C1 =
= 2.77

g
L2 = 2 = 1.516

g3
C3 =
= 3.611

g
L4 = 4 = 1.516

g5
C5 =
= 2.77

DESIGN AND RESPONSE
1. Butterworth LPF (N=3): The 3rd Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter Using PUFF
is shown in the Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.1 3rd Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter

2. Butterworth LPF (N=5): The 5th Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter Using PUFF
is shown in the Figure 1.2.

Figure 1.2 5th Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter

3. Chebyshev Filter (N=3): 3rd Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter Using PUFF is
shown in the Figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3 3rd Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter

4. Chebyshev LPF (N=5): 5th Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter Using PUFF is
shown in the Figure 1.4.

Figure 1.4 5th Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter

5. Butterworth LPF (N=3): 3rd Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter circuit Using
QUCS is shown in the Figure 1.5 and its plot is shown in the Figure 1.6.

Figure 1.5 3rd Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter Circuit

Figure 1.6 Plot for 3rd Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter
6. Butterworth LPF (N=5): 5th Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter Using QUCS is
shown in the Figure 1.7 and its plot is shown in the Figure 1.8.

Figure 1.7 5th Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter Circuit

Figure 1.8 Plot for 5th Order Butterworth Low Pass Filter
7. Chebyshev LPF (N=3): 3rd Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter Using QUCS is
shown in the Figure 1.9 and its plot is shown in the Figure 1.10.

Figure 1.9 3rd Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter Circuit

Figure 1.10 Plot for 3rd Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter
8. Chebyshev LPF (N=5): 5th Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter Using QUCS is
shown in the Figure 1.11 and its plot is shown in the Figure 1.12.

Figure 1.11 5th Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter Circuit

Figure 1.12 Plot for 5th Order Chebyshev Low Pass Filter

RESULT
We have designed and analysed third and fifth order Butterworth and Chebyshev Low
Pass Filter using PUFF and QUCS. Chebyshev LPF designed and simulated values are
shown in Table 1.1.

Specification

Order

Cut
off Insertion loss Centre
frequency (dB)
frequency
(GHz)
(GHz)

Designed

N=3

Return loss
(dB)

Ripple
(dB)
3

20

Simulated

N=5

20

N=3

4.9749

2.974

5.33

18.131

2.99

N=5

4.9749

2.603

5.13

47.013

2.99

Table 1.1 Chebyshev LPF designed and simulated values.