1.

Hng dn v biu nhiu trc tung

HNG DN V BIU NHIU HN 2 TRC TUNG

Hng dn ny da vo thi v th cho mng Sinh nht GPe ln 4:

bi:
1. D liu gc: trong file nh km. D liu ca 5 nm, mi nm 12 thng, gm 8 ct s
liu, c ct s liu hng trm triu, c ct s liu hng chc triu, hng triu, hng trm
ngn, v %.
2. Yu cu:
- Nhiu trc tung: Do mi ct d liu c s liu cch qung xa nhau, nn phi th hin c
trn nhiu trc tung (trc gi, c th l th hin s liu trn 5 trc tung gi), khng k trc
tung ph.
- Thng s trc c tnh ng: C th thay i thng s cc trc gi: Gi tr cao nht, gi tr
ct trc honh, s khong chia trc. Khi thay i cc thng s ny th trc phi thay i
theo.
- th ng: Ch th hin 12 thng ca 1 nm. Nm c chn trong 1 list. Chn nm no
th biu th hin s liu ca nm .
- Trang tr: S dng mu sc phn bit trc no ng vi ng biu din no. Cc ng
biu din cng d phn bit cng nhiu im. Ngoi ra trang tr theo thch hoc khiu
thm m ring.

I. CC YU CU V KIN THC:
1. D liu ng cho biu :
Mun to vng d liu ng cho biu , phi nm vng k thut to v s dng name
ng. C th trong bi thi, d liu 5 nm 12 thng ngha l 60 dng. Yu cu bi l khi
chn nm, vng d liu s dch chuyn n ng 12 dng d liu ca nm . V v ta s
dng 1 k thut chuyn i d liu, khng dng d liu gc, nn ta phi th hin vng d
liu c chn ln 1 trang tnh mi tnh ton ra d liu quy i. Ta s phi bit s dng
hm index() hoc cng thc mng.
2. th nhiu trc tung:
Excel ch h tr ti a 2 trc tung, mun c nhiu hn ta phi to trc gi. Trc gi l 1
ng biu din dng XY Scatter thng ng, s liu do ta t lp. K nng cn thit:
- To c s liu thch hp cho trc gi c trc thng ng, nm ng v tr cn thit.
- th hin cc thng s thc cho trc gi, ta phi bit k nng s dng Add-in XY Chart
Labeler ti min ph t mng xung. V phi bit k nng tnh ton cho ra ct Label sn
sng cho vic add label.
- Phi quy i mi gi tr ca tt c mi serie v 1 h chung, th hin trn cng 1 vng
ca th, d cho s liu hng trm triu, hng triu, hay ch hng trm, thm ch hng
phn trm (%). Do phi bit suy lun v k nng tnh ton (c th l quy i v khong
[0, 1]).
- Phi nhn xt: C cn thit phi lm cho mi serie 1 trc gi khng, hay c th gom
nhm, 2 hoc 3 serie chung 1 trc.
3. Thng s trc c tnh ng:
Mun trc tung c tnh ng, ngha l c th thay i s khong chia, thay i khong nhn
thy (min, max), phi c suy lun:

- Khong nhn thy th d t 400 triu n 800 triu, mun quy v [0,1] phi tnh ton ra
sao. Label th hin tnh tng ng nh th no.
- Khi thay i min t 400 triu thnh 200 triu th tnh ton th no. Label ca trc chy
theo ra sao.
- Khi thay i khong chia, tc l s im ca serie trc gi thay i, nhng im cn li
chy i u.
- Phi bit d phng: tnh ton sao cho ngi ta c th chia trc n 1 s khong ti a c
th.
4. K nng v biu :
- L k nng ng nhin phi c. Ngoi ra phi bit tnh cht sau y ca biu dng line
v XY Scatter: vi d liu ngun ln hn vng gi tr s, th s bng ngang qua cc im
c gi tr 0, hoc nhy tt xung trc honh khi c gi tr 0 cui vng d liu. Tuy nhin,
trng v li s b b qua, ng biu din s ct qung ti im c g tr li hoc trng.
Ta s tn dng tnh cht ny lm vng d liu ngun cho trc ln n mc c s khong
chia ti a, d cho s khong chia c th chn nh hn.
5. Khiu thm m v c nhy bn:
K nng ny gip ta trnh by trang tr biu va p, va r rng, d c, d phn bit
trc no ng vi ng biu din no.

II. V BIU CHNH

A. TO VNG D LIU NG CHO BIU :
1. To 1 validation ti C27 trong 1 sheet mi (Chart) dng chn nm thc hin chn d
liu. Chuyn ny khng cn phi ni nhiu.
2. To 1 name ng: Ti sheet Data to 1 Name Data:
= Offset(Data!$A$2, (Chart!$C$27-2005)*12, 0,12,9)
Mc ch to 1 vng d liu 12 dng, 9 ct, dch chuyn mi nm 12 dng xung di. Nu
nm 2005, khng dch chuyn, chn nm 2006, dch chuyn 12 dng, chn nm 2007, dch
chuyn 24 dng,
3. To vng d liu gc, sau khi chn theo nm, trong sheet Chart:
a. To dng 1 thnh dng tiu ging nh sheet Data
b. T chn vng B2:J13, g cng thc =Data, nhn Ctrl + Shift + Enter.
c. Ct A k t A2, nh s th t t 1 n 12 lm gi tr X cho biu .
B. TO VNG D LIU QUY I:
Do d liu nhng mc hon ton khc xa nhau, nu dng 1 trc tung s khng thy c
r rng: 1 vi serie nm trn tri, vi serie nm di st trc honh, vi serie thm ch
khng nhn thy. Do ta phi quy i v cng 1 h quy chiu, n gin nht l quy v
khong gi tr [0,1].
1. Xc nh vng Min Max Vng nhn thy
a. Dng cng thc xc nh Min v Max ca cc ct s liu thc.
b. T min max thc, chn Min Max ca biu cho thch hp. Th d Min = 508 triu, max
= 772 triu, ta chn Min biu l 400 tr, Max biu l 800 triu.
c. Da vo Min Max thc, Nhn xt rng c th nhm 2 serie A v B thnh 1, 2 serie C v D
thnh 1, E v F thnh 1, v E, F mi serie 1 nhm. Vi mi nhm ta c th dng chung Min
Max ca biu .
d. Tnh thm khong nhn thy = max biu - min biu . Khong nhn thy c ngha l
khong cch gia Min v max, tnh tng ng cho d liu quy i.

Cc s liu ny dng lm thng s cho cc trc sau ny, v vy ta thm 1 dng s khong
chia (g tay tu ) v tnh thm:
Mc chia 1 khong = Vng nhn thy / s khong chia .
Lu : t khong nhn thy, ta chn s khong chia sao cho mc chia 1 khong l 1 s
chn, nhn mi p.
no c th thay i bng tay, ta t xanh, no cha cng thc, ta t xm. Nhn xt thy
2 series A, B, 2 series C, D, 2 series E, F c th dng chung trc, ta gom li ch cn 5 trc.

2. Xc nh h s quy i v gi tr quy i:
H s quy i = 1/ khong nhn thy
Gi tr quy i (khng tnh ti Min trc) = gi tr thc x h s quy i (1).
Min trc quy i = Min trc x h s quy i (2)
Gi tr quy i sau cng (3) = (1) (2)
ngha l: gi tr quy i so vi 0 ln hn cng gi tr so vi gi tr quy i ca min trc.
Khi min trc ln hn khng, ng biu din dch chuyn xung v pha trc honh. Gi tr
no bng min trc s nm ngay trn trc honh, gi tr no nh hn min trc s nm di
trc honh.
3. Xc nh cng thc Excel quy i:
Cn c vo cng thc (3), Gi tr quy i = (gi tr thc min trc) x h s quy i:
- Serie A: L2 = (C2-$L$22)/$L$25
- Serie B: M2 = (D2-$L$22)/$L$25
- Serie C: N2 = (E2-$M$22)/$M$25
- Serie D: O2 = (F2-$M$22)/$M$25
- Serie E: P2 = (G2-$N$22)/$N$25
- Serie F: Q2 = (H2-$N$22)/$N$25
- Serie G: R2 = (I2-$O$22)/$O$25
- Serie H: S2 = (J2-$P$22)/$P$25
T 8 L2:S2, ko fill cng thc xung dng 13. Vng L2:S13 chnh l vng gi tr quy i
dng v biu .
Cheettit Old Man
quyn d.

Thnh tc ng bt nng, ng hc bt ym, nhi gio bt

Tr Li Vi Trch Dn

2.

C 26 thnh vin cm n ptm0412 v bi vit ny:

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mn, khangninh, lan070907, lypt, manhtrung,MinhCong, minhhtd1, mrhack, namcham84, o

nlinelove, phamduydn, phanminh_ok, taiphanmem, taitran186, tilambieng, tuan.huu2007,

vhh,VMH0307, xuantruongk48
3.

04-07-10, 11:33 PM#2

ptm0412
Excel Ordinary Member
Tham gia ngy
11 2007
Ni C Ng
G Vp
Bi gi
8,870
Cm n
4,489
c cm n 27,469 ln trong 8,358 bi vit

HNG DN V BIU NHIU HN 2 TRC TUNG (tip theo)

C. V 8 SERIES CHNH:
Ta c th v 1 lc 8 serie, nhng ti hng dn cc bn cch v vi serie v sau thm
vo vi serie khc d nh th no.
1. V 2 series u tin:
- Nu nh li, ta nh s t 1 n 12 ti ct A k t A2, A1 trng. T chn A1:A13,
nhn control, chn thm 2 serie s L1:M13.
- Nhn nt insert chart trn thanh cng c, chn loi biu l XY Scatter, nhn Finish. Nu
bn khng A1 trng m nhn finish, trong nhiu trng hp, s khng c nh
mun.

By gi, bn khoan hy add thm serie. Bn th thay min trc v max trc xem chuyn g
xy ra.
Nu thay min t 400 tr thnh s nh hn, th d 200 tr: ng biu din b dn ln trn,
tng t l nu thay Max bng s nh hn.

Nu nguyn min 400 tr, thay max = s ln hn, 1.2 t chng hn, ng biu din b
dn xung di. (Ging nh thay Min bng s ln hn):

Ta ghi nhn iu ny sau ny tch nhng serie khc nhau ra cho d phn bit.
2. Thm cc serie cn li vo biu :
By gi copy vng N1:S13 bng ctrl C, click chn biu , nhn Ctrl V. Excel lp tc add cho
bn 6 serie mi, cng loi vi serie c sn. Qu d!

- Chnh min max ca trc 2: va tng max, va gim min, 2 serie C v D dn vo gia.
Chnh max ca trc 3 ln, 2 serie E v F b dn xung di. Qu p. Cn 2 series G v H,
ta d nh chuyn sang dng khc, nn s lm sau cng.
- Tin th, di ci legend xung di (bottom) bng cch vo Chart option legend click
chn bottom.
- ng thi i mu cc serie theo nhm: th d A, B mu v cam, C, D mu xanh m
v xanh lt, E v F thnh tm m v tm lt.
- Nu d nh t mu nn biu , th xo lun mu ca plot Area bng cch nhn chn
NoFill ngay trn thanh cng c, ch t mu cell y. Xo lun mu ca legend cng bng
cch , hoc nu va xo mu Plot Area xong, click chn Legend, nhn F4. Qu ti!
- Sau t mu Chart Area theo mun, cng bng nt t mu cell, k c fill effect cng
. Nu mun i mu ch ca legend, dng nt i mu ch ca cell, nu mun i font
hoc c font ca legend, (hay bt c ch qu qui g trn biu ), dng nt i font v font
size ca cell. Qu hay!
- , s th hin trn trc tung t 0 n 1, ght qu, vo format Y Axis, chn None Major
tick mark, none minor tick mark, v none tick mark label. Chn lun mu Line cho thy r
trn mu nn mi t. Chn lun Min v max ca Y Axis l manual v bng 0 v 1.
- Format X Axis lun: None Major tick mark, none minor tick mark, v none tick mark label.
Min =0, Max = 25, Major Unit = 1, chn lun mu line l noline.

thay i ni dung bi: ptm0412, 05-07-10 lc 07:42 AM

Cheettit Old Man

quyn d.

Thnh tc ng bt nng, ng hc bt ym, nhi gio bt

Tr Li Vi Trch Dn

4.

C 14 thnh vin cm n ptm0412 v bi vit ny:

bemotyeu, binhan007, hjk3ru, keentwo, kevin_mn, lypt, MinhCong, minhhtd1, nguyenshu
ichi, phampn, phanminh_ok, tuandq2, vhh,VMH0307

5.

04-07-10, 11:39 PM#3

ptm0412
Excel Ordinary Member
Tham gia ngy
11 2007
Ni C Ng
G Vp
Bi gi
8,870
Cm n
4,489
c cm n 27,469 ln trong 8,358 bi vit

HNG DN V BIU NHIU HN 2 TRC TUNG (tip theo)

III. V CC TRC GI
A. TO VNG D LIU CHO 5 TRC
1. C s l lun:
- Trc gi phi ging y nh trc tht, thng s thc ca n phi ging nh trc tht. Trc
tung gi, Min v Max bng Min v Max ca trc tung tht (0 v 1). D chia bao nhiu
khong, trc gi cng phi gi vng Min v Max ny.
- 1 trc tung gi s c cng gi tr X, v bng v tr ca n so vi trc tung tht. Cc gi tr
Y chia u cho s khong chia v t 0 n 1. (Mt trc X gi, s c cng gi tr Y, v cc gi
tr X chia u t 0 n 1 gi tr cho trc)
- Phi d tr rng ngi dng mun chia trc trong khong ti a l bao nhiu, th d chia
25 l qu nhiu khong, cc vch chia qu st nhau, ta gii hn s khong chia ti a l 20,
s vch chia l 21 suy ra s d liu cho 1 trc l 21 . Tuy vy, khi ngi dng chia s
khong t hn 20, th d 10, th th 11 (vch chia th 11), cng t ti a ca trc l
1. Cc cn li phi l gi tr li #N/A hoc trng. Tnh cht ca biu Line v XY
scatter l b qua trng hoc li, cn c gi tr hoc 0 vn th hin. Cng thc tnh
gi tr cho trc phi th hin li bng hm NA().
Tuy nhin, c 1 bin php khng th hin cc gi tr d tha ln th bng cch n nh
Min v Max ca trc Y l c nh.Th d n nh Max trc l 1, th cc gi tr ln hn 1 s
khng th hin ln biu , chnh xc hn, n vt ra ngoi gii hn nhn thy ca biu .
2. Tnh ton:
- Khi chia trc lm n khong, ta s c n+1 im d liu, cc im cn li bng NA(), hoc
c fill y gi tr.
- Gi tr Y: im u tin = 0, im n+1 c gi tr bng 1
- Gi tr Y: mi im cch nhau 1 khong = 1/n. Cc im ln hn n+1 cng c th tnh
tip, hoc NA()
- Gi tr X: t im 1 n im n+1, gi tr bng nhau v bng v tr trc so vi trc tht.
Cc im cn li bng NA() hoc bng lun s .
3. Cng thc trn sheet:
- Cng thc X serie trc A:
U1 = 13.5
U2 =$U$1
Vi L24 l s khong chia. Ko cng thc xung dng 22
- Tng t cng thc X cc serie khc.
- Cng thc Y serie trc A:
Z2 =(ROW()-2)/L$24. Ko cng thc xung dng 22
Y lin quan n X, v s khong chia, nu s khong chia nh hn 20, n fill 21 n
gi tr cui ln hn 1, nhng ch cc gi tr Y <=1 mi th hin trn biu . Tng t l
cng thc tnh Y cc trc khc.
4. B sung trc chn:
Do th chnh ch v 12 thng tc l n v tr 12 ca trc honh, ta nn lm 1 trc gi
chn bn phi ca th, ngn cch cc ng biu din v cc trc.
X = 12.5
T1 = 12.5
T2 =;$T$1 (da vo ct U, gi tr X serie trc A, s im bng ct U, s khong chia bng
ct U)

Y tnh theo Y trc A, s khong chia bng s khong chia ca trc A, sau ny khi dng X
Error Bar s ging nh Grid Line ca trc tht, m li chy theo trc A. Dng lun ct Z lm
Y trc chn.
5. B sung trc X gi:
Trc X tht c Max = 25, trong khi biu ch v ti 12, nu nh dng label cho trc X
tht, s l s t 0 n 25, coi k cc. V li ta mun label l thng 1, thng 2, c. Do
ta v thm 1 trc X gi ngn 12 thi. D liu nh sau:
- Gi tr X: dng ct A, t 1 n 12
- Gi tr Y: dng ct K, tt c zero.
B. V TRC GI
1. V trc chn:
V trc chn: T chn v Copy T1:T22 & Z1:Z22. Click chn th, vo menu Edit Paste
Speccial:

nh du Series Names in First Rows, X value in First Column, New Serie v Serie in
Column, nhn OK. Trc chn c v xong.
2. V cc trc gi khc:
Tng t nh trc chn, hy copy 2 ct X trc 1 v Y trc 1, Paste Special vo th, ta s
c trc 1. Thc hin tip cho cc trc cn li.
nh dng mu tng ng cho cc trc, trc ca serie no nh dng mu cho ging serie
.
nh dng c tickmack cng mu nh sau:

Kt qu:

3. V cc ErrorBar cho trc chn:

Error bar gi lm Major GridLine, hay qu! Click chn trc chn, format, trong tab X
ErrorBar, chn Minus, chn Fix value, g 12.5:

Chn mu cho cc ErrorBar lun:

Xo b cc legend khng cn thit: Click chn legends box, click ci na chn tng legend,
v nhn delete.

4. V trc X gi:
Copy 2 ct A1:A13 v K1:K13, Paste special vo th. nh dng mu ph hp.
Cheettit Old Man
quyn d.

Thnh tc ng bt nng, ng hc bt ym, nhi gio bt

Tr Li Vi Trch Dn

6.

C 13 thnh vin cm n ptm0412 v bi vit ny:

bemotyeu, binhan007, bybynhoc, hjk3ru, hoc_bai, keentwo, kevin_mn, lypt, MinhCong,
minhhtd1, spacemanforever, vhh, VMH0307

7.

04-07-10, 11:45 PM#4

ptm0412
Excel Ordinary Member
Tham gia ngy
11 2007
Ni C Ng
G Vp
Bi gi
8,870
Cm n
4,489
c cm n 27,469 ln trong 8,358 bi vit

HNG DN V BIU NHIU HN 2 TRC TUNG (tip theo)

C. GN LABEL CHO TRC GI:
1. Tnh ton:
Mi trc c nhng gi tr cn hin th khc nhau, nn ta phi tnh ton cc gi tr tng ng
dng lm label. Th d trc gi cho Serie A: min = 0, Max = 800.000.000, chia 16 khong:

Label cho trc 1 ct AE:

AE2 = L22 (min)
AE3 =AE2+L$26
Fill xung ti AE22. T AE19 tr i, cc gi tr > 800 triu, nhng yn tm, n khng th
hin v vt ra khi vng nhn thy ca biu .
Tng t cho nhng label khc. V ta s s dng Add-in XY Chart Labeler, m cng c ny
t ly nh dng s v mu ca cc cells cha label, nn ta nh dng lun:

Add-in XY Chart Labeler c th ti min ph ti

trang http://www.appspro.com/Utilities/ChartLabeler.htm. l 1 add-in, sau khi ci t s
to trong menu Tools 1 mc con:

2. Gn Label cho cc serie trc gi:

Trc khi gn label cho trc no, ta hy set s khong chia ti a l 20, vng label c
ph y cc gi tr s, khng c NA().
Click chn trc gi th nht, vo Menu Tools nh hnh trn, chn add chart labels:

Trong Select a label Range, chn vng AE2:AE22

Trong Label Position, chn Right
Nhn OK

Nu cc label qu ln, chnh font size li, nu n ln trc k bn, hy di trc k bn qua
phi. Th d trc 2 b v ang v tr 15.5, di n sang v tr 17 chng hn, bng cch
n gin nht l thay 17 vo V1:

____
Ln lt gn label cho cc trc khc:

3. Gn label cho trc X gi:

Dng ct B lm Label cho serie trc X gi. nh dng mu label v Alignment quay 90 .

Cheettit Old Man

quyn d.

Thnh tc ng bt nng, ng hc bt ym, nhi gio bt

Tr Li Vi Trch Dn

8.

C 15 thnh vin cm n ptm0412 v bi vit ny:

bemotyeu, binhan007, hjk3ru, keentwo, kevin_mn, lypt, MinhCong, minhhtd1, nguyentigi
, nmhung49, phampn, phanminh_ok, shgvietnam,vhh, VMH0307

9.

04-07-10, 11:58 PM#5

ptm0412
Excel Ordinary Member
Tham gia ngy
11 2007
Ni C Ng
G Vp
Bi gi
8,870

Cm n
4,489
c cm n 27,469 ln trong 8,358 bi vit

HNG DN V BIU NHIU HN 2 TRC TUNG (tip theo)

IV. TRANG TR:
1. T mu nn, mu ch:
Kim tra mu sc, d tng phn gia mu nn v mu ch, nu khng r th nh dng li.
2. i dng biu :
Ta thy 2 serie G v H ng n c v chng ln cc serie khc kh coi. Ta hy i dng
biu khc cho d nhn.
Click chut phi vo Serie G, chn change chart type, chn loi Area. T mu li.
Click chut phi vo Serie H, chn change chart type, chn loi Column. T mu li.

3. i n v tnh:
Cc label hng trm triu v chc triu chim kh nhiu ch trn biu , ta mun chia cho
1 triu v ghi ch l triu ng.
- Trc tin chnh Min max trong vng thng s trc, cc label t i theo.

- Chnh cng thc quy i:

L2 = (C2-L$22)/L$25 sa thnh:
L2 = (C2/1000000-L$22)/L$25
Ko xung
Tng t l ct M, N, v P
- Dng cng c v 2 textbox, g vo Triu ng, nh dng mu ch.

Trn y l ton b cc hng dn chi tit thc hin bi. Mong

rng cc bn hiu v vn dng c tt trong cng vic.
Tp tin nh km
o

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