Be vest cope 02238020 FORM TP 2014237 : MAY/UNE 2014 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION® Puysics UNIT2~ Paper 02 2 hours 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. |. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections. Answer ALL ‘questions. For Section A, write your answers in the spaces provided inthis booklet, 3. For Section B, write your answers in the spaces provided atthe end of each ‘question in this booklet. 4. All working MUST be shown, ‘You may use a silent, non-programmahle calculator to answer questions, but you should note that dhe use of an inappropriate number of figures in answers will be penalized DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. Copyright © 2012 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved (02238020/C APE 2014LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS ‘Speed of light in fee space Permeability of fee space Perminivity of fee space Elementary charge Planck's constant Unified atomic mass constant (Enorgy equivalence) Rest mass ofeleston est mass of proton -Accoeration de to gravity 1 Atmosphere Avogadro's constant (02238020/C APE 2014 my 3.00» 10° ms! 410° Hm 88510 Fm! 1 are, 9.0 10° mF 160 10" 6.63 = 1035 1.66% 10°" kg 931 MeVie) 91 10 kg 1.67 102" ky ost ms? 1.00% 10°N m 6.02 * 10” per mote GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGESECTION A. “Answer ALL questions. ‘Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. 1. (@) Define the term ‘capacitance’ [1 mark j) State the unit in which capacitance is measured Tt mark) Gil) Identify the wo St units that comprise the unit for capacitance stated in (a) (i) above. Tr mark GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (O2238020/CAPE 2014where C,, = 60 ih (b) Figure 1 shows a circuit including two capacitors in se av, 00 Pai if |____ oy ia e Figure 1 .. Vj. when the switch, Ss in Position | (i) Caleutate the value of the volta [2 marks} Gi) Use your esults from (b) (i) above to ealeulate the valve of the capacitance, Cy [3 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02238020/CAPE 2014ose Gi) Show that the 10 capacitors in series in Figure 1 are equivalent w a single capacitor of value 20 uF [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02238020/CAPE 20146. “The switch, Sis placed in Position 1 for several minutes and then changed to Postion 2 and, V,. the voltage across the resistor revorded every 20 seconds. The results bined are presented in Table | © TABLET Time Voltage = 10° 16) Vv) @ 3.00 20 1 0 a2 o os = 0.06 (On the grid provided on page 7, plota graph of V, against for these results. 1S marks} Gi) Draw the tangent tothe curve atthe point where = 0. {1 mark} Gi) HHenee, determine the time constant ofthe volage decay. 1 markt ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02238020/CAPE 2014GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (2238020/CAPE 20149. (@) On the grid provided below, draw a fully labelled sketch of the reverse bias IV ‘characteristic of a typical silicon p-n junction diode. [8 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02238020CAPE 2014-0- (b) The forward bias characteristic J, vs V, ofa junetion diode may be modelled by the approximate Shockley equation 1, = hexp (Vif, where 1, = diode forward current 1, = diode reverse saturation cutent 1, = dinde forward biased volt drop 27 mV (at 30°C), V, = thermal volt deop ‘The results shown in Columns 1 and 2 of Table 2 were obtained in an experimental determination ofthe forward bias characteristic ofa diode TABLE oy Im) 058 2 408 3 nt ia m2 6 Ea (Complete Column 3 of Table 2. 18 marks} (i) On the grid provided on page 11, dawa graph of) v8 V/V ISmarks} ii) Use your graph to calculate the reverse saturation curent for this diode. mar ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02238020/C APE 2014GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02238020(CAPE 2014@ © (02238020/CAPE 2014 s 12+ Write a brie? description of an experiment to determine the halife of a radioactive sample. [Smarks} State THREE properties of a radioisotope which would make it suitable for use in radiotherapy: [8 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEae © I. “.C, has been used to date archaeological samples, is produced naturally in the upper atmosphere by neutron bombardment of atmospheric nitrogen, Given that stmospheric nitrogen is"! N, derive the nuclear equation forthe natural production of cathon 14 a marks} (4) Carbon-14 is unstable and decays to nitrogen by beta emission. This process has @ halflife of 5730 years. Determine the percentage of earbon-14, relative to the initial amount, whic would remain after 20 000 year, (S marks) ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02238020/CAPE 2014-4e SECTION B Angwer ALL questions, Write your answers in the spaces provided at the end of each question. (@) Define the term “elect field strength” and state the nit in whieh itis measured, 13 marks} () Twohorizontal meta plates in vacuo, are separated by 1 em and a potential difference of TPR applied betsecen them as show in Figure 2 Figure 2 Calculate the electric field stength between the plates. [2 marks} (©) Abeam of electron is projected through a hole in this postive plate with velocity, vat tan angle oF 60° to the plate (Describe the subsequent motion of the electron beam, U1 mark} Gi) Compare the motion ofthe electrons inthe electric field with that of an object in the earth's gravitational field by considering the effect of the fields on the horizontal and vertical velocity components, [4 marks} (4) What must be the value of vi the beam isto just touch the negative pate? [S marks} ‘Total 1S marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02238020/CAPE 2014© i. Draw truth tables and the circuit symbols for the input NAND gate and the XNOR ate, H4 marks} ‘The NAND gate and the NOR gate are sometimes referred fo as universal gates because all other logic gates can be constructed fom combinations af any one of them, Draw the NOR equivalents ofthe (AND gate [2 marks} Gi) OR gate U1 mark} NAND gate [1 mark (i) Show, by using a truth table, shat the circuit in Figure 3 produces the Exclusive os el : ; ae : — ee fen ee Write the answer to Question Shere, @ GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02238020/CAPE 2014@ ) © @ the angwer to Qi -20- With the aid of @ CLEARLY LABELLED diagram, deseribe the way in which x-rays are Usually produced for use in diagnostic medicine and dentistry [8 marks} Express the energies of x-ray photons of wavelength 10" metres in electron Volts. [3 marks} The absorption coefficient of x-rays in a given material is dependent on the energies of the incident photons. Consider the case of a hypothetical material with an absorption coefficient of 0.3 em! atthe wavelength used in 6 (b). What thickness of the material would be required to attenuate the intensity of a beam of ‘rays to 1% of the ineident intensity? [4 marks} ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02238020/CAPE 2014