EC3 Design (Staad Manual)

EC3 -EN 1993_TOC
Page 1 of 1
STAAD.Pro is capable of performing steel design based on the European code EC3 BS EN 199311:2005
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures Part 1.1 General rules and rules for buildings.
The implementation of EN199311:2005 includes the amendments as per CEN corrigenda of
February 2006 and April 2009.
Design of members per EC3 BS EN 199311:2005 requires the STAAD ECC Super Code SELECT Code
Pack or the STAAD UK Super Code SELECT Code Pack.
7C.1 General Description

7C.2 Analysis Methodology
7C.3 Material Properties and Load Factors
7C.4 Section Classification
7C.5 Member Design
7C.6 Design Parameters
7C.7 Code Checking
7C.8 Member Selection
7C.9 Tabulated Results of Steel Design
mk:@MSITStore:C:\SProV8i%20SS5\STAAD\Help\International_Codes_2007.chm::... 16/11/2015
5B.5(B).3 Design of members with combined axial load and bending
Page 1 of 2
7C.5.5 Members Subject to Combined Forces

Members subject to Bending and Axial Force
When a member is subject to a combined axial load and a bending moment, the program evaluates a
reduced moment capacity based on Cl. 6.2.9 of the code. For Class 1, 2, and 3 sections, the program
evaluates the reduced moment from the equations given in Cl. 6.2.9.1 of the code. For class 4 sections,
the interaction equation given by equation 6.44 are checked.
In the case of members subject to axial load and biaxial bending, the program will consider the
interaction equation 6.41 of the code.
By default, the program will use the values of the constants and as given in the code for
the different sections types. However, you can override these values using the ALPHA and
BETA design parameters (See "Design Parameters").
The program uses the parameter ELB (See "Design Parameters") to override the Cl.6.2.9
checks for combined axial load and bending case. When specfied as 1, the program uses the
more general equation 6.2 of EN 199311, instead.
Members subject to Bending, Shear, and Axial Force

When a member is subject to a combined axial load, shear force, and a bending moment, the program
evaluates the reduced yield strength as given in Cl 6.2.10 (3) of the code. The reduction in the yield
strength is done only when the applied shear force exceeds 50% of the design shear resistance Vpl,Rd.
This reduced yield strength is then used to evaluate the reduced moment capacity of the section.
Members subject to Bending and Axial Compression

The bending resistance of members could be reduced by the presence of a coexistent axial load. This
is then checked against the lateraltorsional buckling resistance of the section. The EN 1993 design
module in STAAD takes such a scenario into account and performs the necessary checks as per Cl.
6.3.3 of the code.
Generally, EC3 requires checking crosssection resistance for local capacity and also checking the
overall buckling capacity of the member. In the case of members subject to axial tension and bending,
there is provision to take the stabilizing effect of the tension load into consideration. This is achieved
by modifying the extreme compression fibre stress and calculating an effective applied moment for the
section. The checks are done as per Cl. 6.2.9 of the code. In case of a combined axial compressive load
and bending moment, the member is checked per the rules in section 6.3.3 of the code. The program
checks to ensure that both the interaction equations 6.61 and 6.62 of the code are satisfied. The
interaction factors kzz, kyy, kzy & kyz will be evaluated using Annex B of EN 199311 by default. Hence
for the EN 199311 code in STAAD.Pro (without National Annexes), uses Annex B. The choice between
using Annex A and Annex B will be based on the choice specified by a particular National Annex, if
used. If the National Annex itself gives a choice between Annex A and Annex B, the program uses
Annex B to evaluate the interaction factors.
5B.5(B).3 Design of members with combined axial load and bending
Page 2 of 2
EN 199311:2005 does not specifically deal with single angle, double angles, double channels
or Tee sections and does give a method to evaluate the slenderness of such members. In these
cases, the Eurocode 3 (EN 199311) design module of STAAD.Pro uses the methods specified
in BS 59501:2000 to calculate the slenderness of these members. Cl. 4.7.10 of BS 59501:2000 is
used in the current version of the EC3 design module. See "Single Angel Sections" for ST
and RA angle specifications.
Laced or battened compression members are not dealt within the current version of EC3 (EN
1993) design module in STAAD.Pro.
5B.5(B).3 Members Subject to Shear
Page 1 of 3
European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode

7C.5.3 Members Subject to Shear
The cross section capacity of a member subject to shear is checked as per Cl. 6.2.6 of the code. The
condition to be satisfied is:
Where:
Vc,Rd is the is the shear design resistance given by:
Av is the shear area and is worked out for the various section types as given in Cl. 6.2.6
(3) of the code.
Shear Buckling
For sections that are susceptible to shear buckling, the program will perform the shear buckling
checks as given in Section 5 of EN 199315. The shear buckling checks will be done only for I Sections
and Channel sections. Shear stresses induced from torsional loads are taken into account while
performing torsion checks.
Web shear buckling is checked in STAAD.Pro V8i (SELECTseries 3) (release 20.07.08) and
later.
The susceptibility of a section to shear buckling will be based on the criteria given in Cl 5.1(2) of EN
199315 as is as given as follows:
a. For unstiffened webs, if hw/t > 72/, the section must be checked for shear buckling.
The design resistance is calculated as:
Where:
hw = distance between flanges of an I Section (i.e., depth 2x flange thickness).
t = thickness of the web
= (235/fy), where fy is the yield stress
= 1.2 for steel grades up to and including S 460 and = 1.0 for other steel grades
k as defined in sections below
Page 2 of 3
w is the web contribution factor obtained from Table 5.1 of the EC3 code and is
evaluated per the following table:
Table 7C.1Evaluate of w
Slenderness
Parameter
Rigid End
Post
Non-rigid End
Post
w < 0.83/
0.83/ w < 1.08
0.83/w
0.83/w
w > 1.08
1.37/(0.7 + w)
0.83/w
b. For stiffened webs, if hw/t > 31Ek/, the section must be checked for shear buckling.
The design resistances considers tension field action of the web and flanges acting as struts in a
truss model. This is calculated as:
Where:
Vbf,Rd is the flange resistance per Cl.5.4 for a flange not completely utilized by
bending moment.
bf is the width of the flange which provides the least axial resistance, not to be
taken greater than 15tf on each side of the web.
tf is the thickness of the flange which provides the least axial resistance.
Mf,Rd = Mf,k/M0, the moment of resistance of the cross section consisting of the
effective area of the flanges only. For a typical I Section or PFD, this is evaluated
as btfhw. When an axial load, NEd, is present, the value of Mf,Rd is reduced by
multiplying by the following factor:
Af1 and Af2 are the areas of the top and bottom flanges, respectively.
a = transverse stiffener spacing. The equation of c is likewise used to solve for a

sufficient stiffener spacing in the case of demand from loads exceeding the
calculated capacity for a specified stiffener spacing.
The following equation must be satisfied for the web shear buckling check to pass:
Page 3 of 3
Where:
VEd is the design shear force.
The shear forces due to any applied torsion will not be accounted for if the TOR parameter has
been specifically set to a value of 0 (i.e., ignore torsion option).
If the stiffener spacing has not been provided (using the STIFF parameter), then the program assumes
that the member end forms a nonrigid post (case c) and proceeds to evaluate the minimum stiffener
spacing required.
European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3 [EN 1993-1-1:2005]
Page 1 of 5
European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3

Detailed stress check
This method is used when the TORSION parameter is specified as two (2).
This method performs a detailed torsional analysis of a member depending on the torsion loading
conditions and the support conditions at the member ends. This method is based on the SCI
publication P057 and includes any warping stresses (direct warping stresses and warping shear
stresses) depending on the end conditions of the member. This implementation considers seven
different cases of loading and end conditions as given in publication P057 Section 6. The
loading/end conditions for a member are specified by the use of the CMT design parameter (See
"Design Parameters" for parameter values and descriptions).
All the equations used to evaluate the torsional moments and associated stresses are as given in
Appendix B of P057. The resultant stresses are evaluated at various sections along the length of the
member and the following checks will be performed:
Clause 6.2.7(1) Torsional resistance of the section.
In general, the torsion at any section TEd is resolved into two components, viz.
The pure torsional (St. Venants) moment (Tt,Ed) and
The warping torsional moment(Tw,Ed)
Therefore,
TEd = Tt,Ed + Tw,Ed = GJ = EH
[Ref SCI pub. P057]
Where:
and are the first and third derivates of twist ( ), respectively, and depend on the
end conditions and loading. These are evaluated from the equations in Annex B of P057
and are based the specified CMT parameter.
Although the equation given the NCCI document SN007bENEU can be used to evaluate
Twrd, the NCCI does not give the eqn. to evaluate . Therefore, Annex B of P057 is used.
The torsional resistance of the section is also considered as the sum of the pure torsion resistance and
the warping torsion resistance. The pure torsion resistance (Tt,Rd) and the warping torsional resistance
(Tw,Rd) are evaluated as:
For closed sections:
Tt,Rd = 2 Ac t max
Where:
Ac is the area enclosed by the mean perimeter
t is the max thickness
max is the max. allowable shear stress = (fy/3)/ m0
Page 2 of 5
For open sections (I & channel):

Tt,Rd = max J / t
Where:
J is the torsion const
t is the max thickness.
Tw,Rd = (fy/ m0) t b2 / 6
Where:
b is the width of the section
t is the thickness of the flange for I sections; minimum of flange or web thickness
channel sections
The check according to Cl 6.2.7(1) will then be performed to ensure that the following conditions are
satisfied:
Tt,Ed / Tt,Rd 1
Tw,Ed / Tw,Rd 1
TEd / TRd 1
Clause 6.2.7(9) Plastic shear resistance due to torsion
STAAD.Pro checks for shear resistance of a section based on Cl. 6.2.6 for EC3 and the plastic shear
resistance (in the absence of torsion) is evaluated as:
Where:
Av is as pre Cl.6.2.6 (3) for the various sections
When torsion is present, along with the shear force, the design shear resistance will be reduced to
Vpl,T,Rd, where Vpl,T,Rd is evaluated as follows:
i. For I or H Sections:
ii. For Channel Sections:
iii. For Structural Hollow Sections:
Where
Page 3 of 5
t,Ed is the shear stress due to direct (St. Venants) torsion and
w,Ed is the shear stress due to warping torsion.
The various shear stresses due to torsion t,Ed and w,Ed are evaluated as follows:
i. For Closed sections:
The shear stresses due to warping can be ignored as they will be insignificant and hence:
t,Ed = TEd/(2Act)
[Ref NCCI Sn007bENEU]
Where:
TEd is the applied torsion,
Ac is the area delimited by the mean perimeter and
t is the thickness of the cross section
w,Ed = 0, since warping is ignored
ii. For Open sections [I, H, Channel] sections:
For I and H sections, the web will not be subject to warping stresses and therefore warping
shear can be ignored (w,Ed=0).
The stress due to pure torsion is evaluated as:
t,Ed = Gt
[Ref SCI pub. P057]
Where:
G is the shear modulus
is a function depending on the end condition and loading(T). This will be
taken from section 6 and Annex B of P057.
Although the maximum stress is at the thickest section of the profile, the program uses
the web thickness for this clause (since the shear capacity is based on the web area)
unless the load is parallel to the flanges, in which case the flange thickness is used.
For channel sections that are free to warp at the supports and, thus, are not subject to warping
stresses:
The warping shear stress is evaluated as:
w,Ed = ESw / t
[Ref SCI pub. P057]
Where:
E is the elastic modulus,
Sw is the warping statistical moment and
is a function depending on the end condition and loading(T). This will be
taken from section 6 and Annex B of P057.
Page 4 of 5
t is the thickness of the element.
Clause 6.2.7(5) Check for elastic verification of yield
Eurocode 3 gives yield criterion as per eqn. 6.1 and STAAD.Pro uses the yield criterion given in EC3.
When a member is subject to combined bending and torsion, some degree of interaction occurs
between the two effects. The angle of twist caused by torsion is amplified by the bending moments
and will induce additional warping moments and torsional shears. Account must also be taken of the
additional minor axis moments produced by the major axis moments acting through the torsional
deformations, including the amplifications mentioned earlier.
For members subject to bending and torsion, the stresses are evaluated as follows:
Direct bending stress (major axis): bz = Mz / Zz
Direct bending stress (minor axis): by = My / Zy
Direct stress due to warping: w = EWns
Direct stress due to twist (min. axis): byt = Myt / Zy
Direct stress due to axial load (if any): c = P/ A
Where:
Mz is the major axis moment & My is the minor axis moment.
is the differential function based on twist (ref P057 Annex B. & Table 6)
Wns is the normalized warping function.
Myt = Mz (see Appendix B of P057 to evaluate )
Shear stresses due to torsion and/or warping is evaluated as described above for Clause 6.2.7(9).
Check for yield (capacity checks) is then done according to Eqn 6.1 of EN 199311:2005, as described
for the Basic Stress Check (TORSION = 1):
Clause EC-3:6 App A Check for combined Torsion and Lateral Torsional buckling
The interaction check due to the combined effects of bending (including lateral torsional buckling)
and torsion will be checked using Annex A of EN 19936: 2007. Note that this interaction equation
does not include the effects of any axial load.
At present, SCI advises that no significant work has been published for this case and work is
still ongoing. So at present is advisable not to allow for torsion in a member with large axial
load.
Members subject to combined bending and torsion will be checked to satisfy:
Where:
Page 5 of 5
Cmz is the equivalent uniform moment factor for bending about the zz axis, according
to EN 199311 Table B.3.
My,Ed and Mz,Ed are the design values of the maximum moment about the yy and zz
axis, respectively.
My,Rk and Mz,Rk are the characteristic values of the resistance moment of the cross
section about it yy and zz axis, respectively, from EN 199311, Table 6.7.
My,cr is the elastic critical lateraltorsional buckling moment about the yy axis.
Tw,Ed is the design value of the warping torsional moment.
Tw,Rk is the characteristic value of the warping torsional resistance moment.
LT is the reduction factor for lateral torsional buckling according to 6.3.2 of EN 199311.
For all of the above checks the effective length of the member to be used for torsion can be
set by using the EFT design parameter.
Page 1 of 2

7C.5.4 Members Subject to Torsion
This feature requires STAAD.Pro V8i (SELECTseries 2) build 2007.07 or later.
General
Eurocode 3 (EN 199311:2005) gives very limited guidance for the analysis and design of torsion
members. While both elastic and plastic analyses are permitted generally, the design analysis methods
for torsion discussed within EC3 are primarily based on elastic methods. Also, only the first yield
design resistance is specifically discussed for torsion members. Furthermore, there is no guidance on
section classification nor on how to allow for the effects of local buckling on the design resistance for
combined torsional effects. EC3 also does not specifically deal with members subject to combined
bending and torsion and loosely states that the yield criteria (Eqn 6.1 in the code) can be used for
elastic verification.
The method used by STAAD.Pro is therefore based on the SCI publication P057: Design of members
subject to combined bending and torsion. Though this publication is based on the British standard BS
59501, the principles from this document are applied in the context of Eurocode 3.
At the time this feature has been implemented in STAAD.Pro, SCI are in the process of
updating document P057 to be in accordance with Eurocode 3. Hence this method might be
subject to modifications subject to the publication of a newer version of P057. The NCCI
document SN007bENEU: Torsion will also be referenced where appropriate.
Code Basis
Torsion design in EC3 is given in Cl. 6.2.7 of EN 199311:2005. Therefore, this clause is used primarily
for this implementation.
EN 199311:2005 does not deal with members subject to the combined effects of torsion and lateral
torsional buckling. However, EN 199316 considers such a condition in Appendix A. Therefore,
STAAD.pro uses Appendix A of EN 199316 to check for members subject to combined torsion and
LTB.
The following clauses from EC3 are then considered:
Cl. 6.2.7(1)
Cl. 6.2.7(9)
Cl. 6.2.7(5)
EC3 6 App A
STAAD.Pro does, however, use this clause (6.2.7) to report the output for all torsion checks.
Also any distortional deformations and any amplification in the torsional or shear stresses
due to distortions will be neglected by the program.
Clause 6.2.7(1)
Page 2 of 2
States that for members subject to torsion, the design torsional moment TEd at each cross
section should satisfy:
TEd / RRd 1.0
Where:
TRd is the design torsional resistance of the cross section.
This is the primary condition that will need to be satisfied for members subject to torsion. The
method for working out the torsional resistance TRd, for the various cases is dealt in the
following sections.
Cl. 6.2.7(9)
States that:
For combined shear force and torsional moment, the plastic shear resistance
accounting for torsional effects should be reduced from Vpl,Rd to Vpl,T,Rd and the
design shear force should satisfy:
VEd / Vpl,T,Rd 1.0
The code also gives means to evaluate Vpl,T,Rd in equations 6.26 to 6.28. These equations,
however, only deal with I/H sections, Channel sections, and structural hollow sections (RHS,
SHS, CHS). Therefore, the application of Cl. 6.2.7(9) is only performed for these section
profiles.
Cl 6.2.7(5)
States that the yield criteria given in Cl. 6.2.1(5) of EN 199311:2005 may be used for elastic
verification. STAAD.Pro evaluates the stresses due to the various actions on the cross section
and applies this yield criterion.
The program allows for two types of checks for members subject to torsion for EC3 design:
I. Basic Stress Check: This method is intended to be a simplified stress check for torsional effects.
This method will produce the output corresponding to Cl. 6.2.7(5) of EN 199311.
II. Detailed Checks: This method will perform a full torsional analysis of the member. All four of
the clause checks mentioned earlier will be performed.
The details of these checks are as described below.
You have the option to choose the method to be used for a specific member or group of members.
This will be facilitated by setting the value of the TORSION. The TORSION parameter set to zero by
default, which results in torsion checks only being performed if the member is subject to torsional
moments (i.e., for this default setting, the program will ignore torsion checks if there is no torsional
moment in the member). Setting the value of the TORSION parameter to three (3) will cause the
program to ignore all torsional moments. The detailed output (i.e., TRACK 2) will indicate that torsion
has been ignored for that particular member. The details of setting the values to one (1) or two (2) and
the corresponding checks performed are as described below. See "Design Parameters" for additional
details.
If the TORSION parameter is set to 1 or 2, the program will perform the appropriate checks
even if the member is not subject to torsional moments. In such cases, the program will
perform the checks with a value of zero for the torsional moment.
Basic Torsion Stress Checks

Detailed Torsion Stress Checks
5B.9 (B) Tabulated Results of Steel Design
Page 1 of 2

7C.9 Tabulated Results of Steel Design
For code checking or member selection, the program produces the results in a tabulated fashion. The
items in the output table are explained as follows:
MEMBER
refers to the member number for which the design is performed.
TABLE
refers to steel section name, which has been checked against the steel code or has been
selected.
RESULTS
prints whether the member has PASSED or FAILED. If the RESULT is FAIL, there will be an
asterisk (*) mark on front of the member.
CRITICAL COND
refers to the clause in EN 199311:2005 code which governs the design.
RATIO
prints the ratio of the actual stresses to allowable stresses for the critical condition.
Normally a value of 1.0 or less will mean the member has passed.
LOADING
provides the load case number, which governed the design.
FX, MY, and MZ
provide the axial force, moment in local Yaxis and the moment in local zaxis respectively.
Although STAAD does consider all the member forces and moments (except torsion) to
perform design, only FX, MY and MZ are printed since they are the ones which are of
interest, in most cases.
LOCATION
specifies the actual distance from the start of the member to the section where design forces
govern.
For a TRACK 2 output, the module will also report all the relevant clause checks that have
been performed and will also indicate the critical ratio and the load case that caused the
critical ratio as well as the corresponding forces that were used for the respective checks. A
TRACK 2 output will also include the various design data used for the calculations such as the
section modulii, section class, section capacity etc.
If an NA parameter (other than 0) has been specified and if the particular National Annex requires
additional checks outside those specified in EN 199311:2005 (e.g., The Dutch National Annex), the
respective NA clauses and any associated code clauses will be listed along with the critical ratios and
the forces that were used for these clause checks.
7C.9.1 Example of a TRACK 2 output

Documentation notes appear in red.
5B.9 (B) Tabulated Results of Steel Design
Page 2 of 2
The results and output follow the axis convention as described in Section 7C.1.3
STAAD.PRO CODE CHECKING - BS EN 1993-1-1:2005
********************************************
NATIONAL ANNEX - NA to BS EN 1993-1-1:2005
PROGRAM CODE REVISION V1.9 BS_EC3_2005/1
Code title & version

National Annex used, if any
Design engine version
ALL UNITS ARE - KN

MEMBER
TABLE
METE (UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)

RESULT/
CRITICAL COND/
RATIO/
LOADING/
FX
MY
MZ
LOCATION
=======================================================================
1 ST
HD320X127
(EUROPEAN SECTIONS)
Member number, section profile & table
PASS
EC-6.3.3-662
25.00 C
0.045
1 code clause, & critical ratio
Design status, critical
5.00
-10.00
Section 0.00
forces & critical section location
=======================================================================
MATERIAL DATA
Grade of steel
= USER
Modulus of elasticity
= 205 kN/mm2
Design Strength (py)
= 275 N/mm2
SECTION PROPERTIES (units - cm)
Member Length =
500.00
Gross Area = 161.30
Net Area = 161.30
z-axis
"zaxis" here refers to bending
about ZZ (when Yy-axis
is Up), where as EC3 uses the Y-Y axis convention.
Moment of inertia
Plastic modulus
Elastic modulus
Shear Area
Radius of gyration
Effective Length
DESIGN DATA (units - kN,m)
Section Class
Squash Load
:
:
:
:
:
:
30820.004
2149.000
1926.250
81.998
13.823
500.000
EUROCODE NO.3 /2005
:
CLASS 1
:
4435.75
Axial force/Squash load :

GM0 : 1.00
GM1 :
0.006
1.00
9239.001
939.100
615.933
51.728
7.568
500.000
Section class as per Table 5.2
Max. cross section capacity (A fy/GM0
GM2 :
1.10
Partial safety factors used
z-axis
y-axis
Slenderness ratio (KL/r) :
36.2
66.1
Compression Capacity
:
4078.2
3045.5
Tension Capacity
:
4435.8
4435.8
Moment Capacity
:
591.0
258.3
Reduced Moment Capacity :
591.0
258.3
Shear Capacity
:
1301.9
821.3
BUCKLING CALCULATIONS (units - kN,m)
Lateral Torsional Buckling Moment
MB = 591.0
co-efficients Factor
C1 & C1
K used
: C1in M
=2.578
K =1.0,
Effective
Length=
5.000
and End
restraint factor
(corresponds
to the CMN design parameters
cr calculations
Elastic Critical Moment for LTB,
Mcr
= 1541.5
Critical Load For Torsional Buckling,
NcrT = 13898.0
Critical Load For Torsional-Flexural Buckling, NcrTF = 13898.0
ALL UNITS ARE - KN
METE (UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)
MEMBER
TABLE
RESULT/
CRITICAL COND/
RATIO/
LOADING/
FX
MY
MZ
LOCATION
=======================================================================
CRITICAL LOADS FOR EACH CLAUSE CHECK (units- kN,m):
CLAUSE
RATIO LOAD
FX
VY
VZratio, loadcase,
MZ & section
MY forces for each clause check
Max.
EC-6.3.1.1
0.008
1
25.0
0.0
0.0
-10.0
5.0
EC-6.2.9.1
0.020
1
25.0
0.0
0.0
-10.0
5.0
EC-6.3.3-661
0.035
1
25.0
0.0
0.0
-10.0
5.0
EC-6.3.3-662
0.045
1
25.0
0.0
0.0
-10.0
5.0
EC-6.3.2 LTB
0.017
1
25.0
0.0
0.0
-10.0
5.0
Torsion and deflections have not been considered in the design.
_________________________
************** END OF TABULATED RESULT OF DESIGN **************
AD.2008-06.2 Features Affecting the Analysis and Design Engine
Page 1 of 1
STAAD.Pro V8i (SELECTseries 3)

AD.2008-06.2 Features Affecting the Analysis and Design Engine
AD.2007-08.3.7 User Defined Section for EC3

The feature to design userprovided table (UPT) general sections has now been
introduced steel members designed per Eurocode 3 (EN 199311:2005). However,
rather than assuming that the section will behave like an I section, you are given the
option of choosing the 'sectiontype' he would like to design the member for.
This is achieved through the introduction of a new design parameter, GST, that has the
following values:
0. ISection (Default)
1. Single Channel
2. Rectangular Hollow Section
3. Circular Hollow Section
4. Angle Section
5. Tee Section
Unless specified using the GST parameter, a general section will be assumed to be an I
Section.
This parameter will be ignored if assigned to any section other than a General
Section.
The design procedure will then account for the section type and proceed with the
design as necessary. The output report will also indicate the section type considered for
the design of the UPT section. The design output will indicate the section as follows:
*
1 ST
IPE100
(UPT: DESIGNED AS I-SECTION)
FAIL
EC-6.3.2 LTB
8.591
1
0.00
0.00
-31.25
2.50
|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
| CALCULATED CAPACITIES FOR MEMB
1 UNIT - kN,m SECTION CLASS 1 |
|MCZ=
9.2 MCY=
2.1 PC=
12.3 PT=
242.1 MB=
3.6 PV=
68.7|
| BUCKLING CO-EFFICIENTS C1 AND K :
C1 = 1.132
K = 1.000 |
| PZ=
242.05
FX/PZ =
0.00
MRZ=
9.2
MRY=
2.1
|
|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
Refer to Section 7.C.6 of the International Design Codes manual for additional
information on all EC3 design parameters.
mk:@MSITStore:C:\SProV8i%20SS5\STAAD\Help\Release_Report_V8i.chm::/20-0... 16/11/2015
Design Parameters
Page 1 of 13
7C.6 Design Parameters

Design parameters communicate specific design decisions to the program. They are set to default
values to begin with and may be altered to suite the particular structure.
Depending on the model being designed, you may have to change some or all of the parameter default
values. Some parameters are unit dependent and when altered, the n setting must be compatible with
the active unit specification.
Table 7C.4 lists all the relevant EC3 parameters together with description and default values.
Table 7C.2Steel Design Parameters EC3 EN
Parameter
Name
CODE
Default
Value
Description
Must be specified as EN 199311:2005 to

invoke design per Eurocode 3:2005 (EN
1993).
Design Code to follow.
See section 5.48.1 of the Technical
Reference Manual.
ALH
0.5
The ratio of the distance of the point torque

(from the start of the member) to the length
of the member. The default value of 0.5
represents torque acting at the midspan of
a symmetrically loaded member. Values can
range from 0 to 1.
ALPHA
1.0
Used to input a user defined value for the

factor in equation 6.41 for combined
bending and axial force checks.
BEAM
3
Parameter to control the number of sections
to checked along the length of a beam:
1. Check at location of maximum Mz
along beam
2. Check sections with end forces and
forces at location of BEAM 1.0 check.
3. Check at every 1/13th point along the
beam and report the maximum
Design Parameters
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Parameter
Name
BETA
C1
Default
Value
Description
1.0
Used to input a user defined value for the

factor in equation 6.41 for combined
bending and axial force checks.
1.132
Corresponds to the C1 factor to be used to

calculate Elastic critical moment Mcr as per
Clause 6.3.2.2
C2
0.459

Clause 6.3.2.2
C3

Clause 6.3.2.2
CAN
Member will be considered as a cantilever

type member for deflection checks.
0 indicates that member will
not be treated as a cantilever
member
1 indicates that the member
will be treated as a cantilever
member
CMM
1.0
Indicates type of loading and support

conditions on member. Used to calculate
the C1, C2, and C3 factors to be used in the
Mcr calculations.
Can take a value from 1 to 8.
Refer to Table 7C.5 for more information on
its use.
CMN
1.0
Indicates the level of EndRestraint.

1.0 = No fixity
0.5 = Full fixity
0.7 = One end free and other
end fixed
Design Parameters
Page 3 of 13
Parameter
Name
CMT
Default
Value
1
Description
Used to indicate the loading and support

condition for torsion (ref. SCI publication
P057).
Can take a value of 17. The values
correspond to the various cases defined in
section 6 and App. B of SCIP057.
Refer to Table 7C.6 for more information
DFF
DJ1
0
"Deflection Length" / Max.. allowable local
(Mandatory deflection
for deflection
See Note 1d below.
check,
TRACK 4.0)
Start Joint
of member
Joint No. denoting starting point for

calculation of "Deflection Length" . See Note
1 below.
End Joint of
member
Joint No. denoting end point for calculation

of "Deflection Length". See Note 1 below.
DMAX
100.0 cm
Maximum allowable depth for the member.
DMIN
Minimum required depth for the member.
DJ2
EFT
Member
Length
ELB
Effective length for torsion. A value of 0

defaults to the member length.
Used to specify the method for combined
axial load + bending checks
0. Uses Cl. 6.2.9 of EN 199311:2005
1. Uses Cl. 6.2.1(7) Eqn. 6.2 of EN 1993
11:2005
Design Parameters
Page 4 of 13
Parameter
Name
ESTIFF
Default
Value
0
Description
(For use with the Dutch NA only) Method

for checking columns forming part of
(non)/buttressed framework:
0. Checks per Cl 12.3.1.2.3 of NEN 6770:
Section 1
1. Checks per Cl 12.3.1.2.3 of NEN 6770:
Section 2
See "Clause 12.3.1.2.3 (NEN 6770):
Rotation/bending capacity" for additional
description on this parameter.
FAB
Used to specify the fabrication class to be

used to check for slender (Class 4) CHS/pipe
sections (EN 199316:2007)
1. Class A Excellent
2. Class B High
3. Class C Normal
FU
Ultimate tensile strength of steel.
GM0
1.0
Corresponds to the m0 factor in EN 1993

11:2005
GM1
1.0

11:2005
GM2
1.25

11:2005
Design Parameters
Page 5 of 13
Parameter
Name
GST
Default
Value
0
Description
Used to specify the section type to be used

for designing a General Section from the
user table. The member will be considered
as the specified type with the user defined
properties. The available options and
corresponding values are as below:
0. ISection
1. Single Channel
2. Rectangular Hollow Section
3. Circular Hollow Section
4. Angle Section
5. Tee Section
This parameter will be ignored if it
has been assigned to any section
other than a General Section.
KC
1.0
Corresponds to the correction factor as per
Table 6.6 of EN 199311:2005. Program will
calculate kc automatically if this parameter
is set to 0.
For the British, Singapore, & Polish
NAs, kc will be calculated as given
in the NA by default.
KY
1.0
K factor in local y axis. Used to calculate the

effective length for slenderness and buckling
calculations.
KZ
1.0
K factor in local z axis. Used to calculate the

effective length for slenderness and buckling
calculations.
Design Parameters
Page 6 of 13
Parameter
Name
LEG
Default
Value
0
Description
Slenderness values for angles as determined

from BS 59502000 Table 25.
See "British Codes Steel Design per
BS5950:2000"
LVV
Max. value of Leg length for Lvv (length about vv axis of

Lyy
single angle section), as per Lyy. Used for
slenderness calculations.
LY
Member
Length
Compression length in local y axis,

Slenderness ratio = (KY)*(LY)/(Ryy)
LZ
Member
Length
Compression length in local z axis,

Slenderness ratio = (KZ)*(LZ)/(Rzz)
MTH
0
Used to select the clause to be used to
calculate the LTB reduction factor, LT. The
available options and corresponding values
are as below:
0. Use default method based on section
type (default)
1. Use Cl.6.3.2.2
2. Use Cl.6.3.2.3
By default, the program will use Cl 6.3.2.3 for
rolled & builtup Isections and Cl. 6.3.2.2
for all other sections. If, however, the
specified National Annex expands on Cl.
6.3.2.3 to include other section types (e.g.,
the UK NA), the program will use Cl. 6.3.2.3
by default for that particular section type.
See "European Codes National Annexes
to Eurocode 3 [EN 199311:2005]" for
additional details on NA documents.
Design Parameters
Page 7 of 13
Parameter
Name
MU
Default
Value
0
Description
To be used with CMM values of 7 and 8. See

Table 7C.4.
Currently valid only with the
French & Belgian NAs.
NA
Choice of National Annex to be used for EC3

design. See "European Codes National
Annexes to Eurocode 3 [EN 199311:2005]"
for values allowed for this parameter.
(See "National Annex Documents" for
more information)
NSF
1.0
PLG
Net tension factor for tension capacity

calculation.
To be used to determine whether to include

the additional interaction checks as per CL.
NA.20(2) and NA.20(3) of the Polish
National Annex.
This parameter will be applicable
only to the Polish NA
PY
RATIO
SBLT
Yield
Strength
0.0
The yield strength default value is set based

on the default value of the SGR parameter.
Permissible ratio of loading to capacity.
Indicates if the section is rolled or builtup.

0.0 = Rolled
1.0 = Builtup
Design Parameters
Page 8 of 13
Parameter
Name
SGR
Default
Value
Description
Steel grade as in table 3.1 of EN 199311:2005

0.0 indicates S 235 grade steel
3.0 indicates S 420 grade
steel
4.0 indicates S 460 grade
steel
As EN 199311:2005 does not
provide a buckling curve in table
6.2 for grade S 450 steel (in Table 3.1
of EN 199311:2005), the program
will use the same buckling curves as
for grade S 460 when calculating
the buckling resistance as per
clause 6.3.
STIFF
Member
Length or
depth of
beam,
whichever is
lesser
TOM
Distance between transverse stiffener plates,

used to prevent web shear buckling. If not
specified or if a value of 0 is provided, the
program will assume the web is unstiffened.
Total torsion for design used for torsion

checks. Can be used to override the total
torsional moment to be used for member
design.
Design Parameters
Page 9 of 13
Parameter
Name
TORSION
Default
Value
0
Description
Method to be used for a specific member or

group of members:
0. Perform basic torsion checks if
member is subject to torsion.
1. Perform basic stress check (Ignore
warping effects).
2. Perform detailed checks (including
warping effects).
3. Ignore all torsion checks
For options 1 or 2, the program will
perform the torsion related checked
even if torsional moment is absent
and will use a value of zero for the
torsional moment.
TRACK
0
Specify level of detail in output.
0. Summary of results only.
1. Summary with member capacities.
2. Detailed results.
4. Deflection check results only.
UNF
UNL
Member
Length
ZG
+Section
Depth/2
Unsupported length as a fraction of the

actual member length.
Unrestrained length of member used in
calculating the lateraltorsional resistance
moment of the member.
Distance of transverse load from shear

center. Used to calculate Mcr.
For Tee sections, ZG will have a
default value of (+Flange
thickness/2)
Notes:
Design Parameters
Page 10 of 13
1. CAN, DJ1, and DJ2 Deflection

a. When performing the deflection check, you can choose between two methods. The first
method, defined by a value 0 for the CAN parameter, is based on the local displacement.
Local displacement is described in Section 5.44 of the Technical Reference Manual.
If the CAN parameter is set to 1, the check will be based on cantilever style deflection. Let
(DX1, DY1, DZ1) represent the nodal displacements (in global axes) at the node defined
by DJ1 (or in the absence of DJ1, the start node of the member). Similarly, (DX2, DY2,
DZ2) represent the deflection values at DJ2 or the end node of the member.
Compute Delta = SQRT((DX2 DX1)2 + (DY2 DY1)2 + (DZ2 DZ1)2)
Compute Length = distance between DJ1 & DJ2 or, between start node and end node, as
the case may be.
Then, if CAN is specified a value 1, dff = L/Delta
Ratio due to deflection = DFF/dff
b. If CAN = 0, deflection length is defined as the length that is used for calculation of local
deflections within a member. It may be noted that for most cases the Deflection
Length will be equal to the length of the member. However, in some situations, the
Deflection Length may be different. A straight line joining DJ1 and DJ2 is used as the
reference line from which local deflections are measured.
For example, refer to the figure below where a beam has been modeled using four joints
and three members. The Deflection Length for all three members will be equal to the
total length of the beam in this case. The parameters DJ1 and DJ2 should be used to
model this situation. Thus, for all three members here, DJ1 should be 1 and DJ2 should
be 4.
D = Maximum local deflection for members 1, 2, and 3.

PARAMETERS
DFF 300. ALL
DJ1 1 ALL
DJ2 4 ALL
c. If DJ1 and DJ2 are not used, "Deflection Length" will default to the member length and
local deflections will be measured from original member line.
d. It is important to note that unless a DFF value is specified, STAAD will not perform a
deflection check. This is in accordance with the fact that there is no default value for
DFF (see Table 2B.1).
e. The above parameters may be used in conjunction with other available parameters for
steel design.
2. CMM Parameter
The values of CMM for various loading and support conditions are as given below:
Table 7C.3Values for the CMM Parameter
CMM Value
Loading and Support Conditions
Design Parameters
Page 11 of 13
CMM Value
Loading and Support Conditions
varying end moments and uniform loading

8
varying end moments and central point load

3. Checking beam deflection
With the TRACK parameter set to 4, the members included in a BEAM CHECK command will be
checked for the local axis deflection rather than for the stress capacity using the current LOAD
LIST.
If both stress capacity and deflection checks are required, then 2 parameter blocks with code
checks are required, one with a TRACK 4 command and one with a TRACK 0, 1 or 2, thus:
LOAD LIST 1 TO 10
PARAMETER 1
CODE EN 1993
TRACK 2 ALL
CODE CHECK MEMBER 1
***************************
LOAD LIST 100 TO 110
PARAMETER 2
TRACK 4 ALL
DFF 300 MEMB 1
DJ1 1 MEMB 1
DJ2 4 MEMB 1
CHECK CODE MEMB 1
Design Parameters
Page 12 of 13
While both sets of code checks will be reported in the output file, only the last code
check results are reported in the STAAD.Pro graphical interface.
4. CMT Parameter
The values of CMM for various loading and support conditions are as given below:
Table 7C.4Loading and Support Conditions represented by CMT Parameter
Values
Description
Diagram
CMT
Value
1
(Default) : Concentrated Torque at

Ends. Ends Torsion fixed and
Warping fixed
Concentrated Torque along length of

member. Ends Torsion fixed and
Warping free
Concentrated Torque along length of

member. Ends Torsion fixed and
Warping fixed
Uniform Torque in member. Ends

Torsion fixed and Warping free
Uniform Torque in member. Ends

Torsion fixed and Warping fixed
Concentrated Torque in cantilever.

End Torsion fixed and Warping fixed
Uniform Torque in cantilever. End

Torsion fixed and Warping fixed
For CMT = 2 and CMT = 3, you have the option of specifying the distance at which the
concentrated torque acts, measured from the start of the member. This can be done by
using the ALH design parameter. The ALH parameter indicates the ratio of the distance
of the point torque (from the start of the member) to the length of the member. This
parameter will have a default value of 0.5 (i.e., the torque acts at the center of the
span) and will accept values ranging from 0 to 1.
Design Parameters
Page 13 of 13
The GB1 parameter that is being used for compression checks in builds preceding this release
(STAAD.Pro 2007 build 06) has been removed as this parameter is no longer required in EN
199311:2005. Hence any legacy files that use GB1 parameter will indicate an error message
and you will be required to substitute GB1 with GM1, in accordance with EN 199311:2005.

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EC3 -EN 1993_TOC

7C.1 General Description

5B.5(B).3 Design of members with combined axial load and bending

7C.5.5 Members Subject to Combined Forces

Members subject to Bending, Shear, and Axial Force

Members subject to Bending and Axial Compression

5B.5(B).3 Design of members with combined axial load and bending

5B.5(B).3 Members Subject to Shear

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode

5B.5(B).3 Members Subject to Shear

0.83/ w < 1.08

a = transverse stiffener spacing. The equation of c is likewise used to solve for a

5B.5(B).3 Members Subject to Shear

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3 [EN 1993-1-1:2005]

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3

Clause 6.2.7(1) Torsional resistance of the section.

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3 [EN 1993-1-1:2005]

For open sections (I & channel):

Clause 6.2.7(9) Plastic shear resistance due to torsion

ii. For Channel Sections:

iii. For Structural Hollow Sections:

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3 [EN 1993-1-1:2005]

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3 [EN 1993-1-1:2005]

t is the thickness of the element.

Clause 6.2.7(5) Check for elastic verification of yield

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3 [EN 1993-1-1:2005]

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3 [EN 1993-1-1:2005]

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode 3 [EN 1993-1-1:2005]

Basic Torsion Stress Checks

5B.9 (B) Tabulated Results of Steel Design

European Codes - Steel Design to Eurocode

7C.9.1 Example of a TRACK 2 output

5B.9 (B) Tabulated Results of Steel Design

Code title & version

ALL UNITS ARE - KN

METE (UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED)

Axial force/Squash load :

Partial safety factors used

AD.2008-06.2 Features Affecting the Analysis and Design Engine

STAAD.Pro V8i (SELECTseries 3)

AD.2007-08.3.7 User Defined Section for EC3

(UPT: DESIGNED AS I-SECTION)

7C.6 Design Parameters

Must be specified as EN 199311:2005 to

The ratio of the distance of the point torque

Used to input a user defined value for the

Used to input a user defined value for the

Corresponds to the C1 factor to be used to

Corresponds to the C2 factor to be used to

Corresponds to the C3 factor to be used to

Member will be considered as a cantilever

Indicates type of loading and support

Indicates the level of EndRestraint.

Used to indicate the loading and support

Joint No. denoting starting point for

Joint No. denoting end point for calculation

Maximum allowable depth for the member.

Minimum required depth for the member.

Effective length for torsion. A value of 0

(For use with the Dutch NA only) Method

Used to specify the fabrication class to be

Ultimate tensile strength of steel.