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Chng trnh giang day kinh te Fulbright

Hoc ky thu nam 2007
Cac phng phap phan tch
Tai lieu phat them
Phan tch nhan to kham pha (Exploratory Factor Analysis) bang
SPSS
Gii thieu ve phan tch nhan to kham pha
Thao tac thc hien
oc ket qua
Nhan so
Cac phan tch khac sau khi thc hien phan tch nhan to

1. Gii thieu
Phan tch nhan to kham pha la mot phng phap phan tch thong
ke dung e rut gon mot tap gom nhieu bien quan sat phu
thuoc lan nhau thanh mot tap bien (goi la cac nhan to) t hn

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e chung co y ngha hn nhng van cha ng hau het noi dung

thong tin cua tap bien ban au (Hair & ctg, 1998)
V du: Tho & ctg (2005) a o lng c s ha tang au t cua tnh
Tien Giang thong qua 12 bien quan sat (ien on nh, nc on nh
chi ph lao ong re). 12 bien quan sat nay c rut gon thanh 3 nhan
to. Ba nhan to mi c at ten la: c s ha tang, mat bang, lao
ong.
St
t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Bien quan sat

Nhan to
Mat bang

C s ha
tang

ien on nh
Nc on nh
Thoat nc tot
Gia ien hp ly
Gia nc phu hp
Thong tin lien lac
thuan tien
Giao thong thuan li
Gia thue at hp ly
Chi ph en bu, giai
toa thoa ang
Mat bang sap xep kp
thi
Lao ong doi dao

1
0
1
1
1 Chi ph lao ong re
2
Nguon: Tho &ctg, 2005, 49

Lao ong

.59
.69
.65
.62
.59
.58

.09
.06
-.01
.26
.18
.21

.31
.16
-.11
.10
.17
-.01

.59
.27
.13

.22
.65
.86

.11
.07
.09

.14

.83

.08

.16

.16

.80

.08

.04

.86

2. Thao tac thc hien

Ban hay m file chat luong khoa hoc thac si va su hai long cua
hoc vien.sav. ay la mot phan d lieu khao sat chat lng khoa

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hoc thac s va s hai long cua hoc vien cao hoc cua mot trng ai
hoc khoi kinh te TPHCM. Ban cau hoi (trch) tng ng vi bo d
lieu nay c nh kem phan phu luc. Ban cau hoi nay da tren
nen tang ly thuyet ve thang o CEQ (Course Experience Questionnaire) do
Ramsden e xuat trong anh gia chat lng khoa hoc cua nen giao
duc Uc va a c hieu chnh thong qua nghien cu nh tnh.
Hnh 1. Cac bien a c khai bao

Hnh 2. D lieu a c nhap

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Bc 1.
T thanh menu cua SPSS. Chon
Analyze
Data Reduction

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Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright

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Factor
Hnh 3

Hnh 4

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Khi hop thoai Factor

Analysis xuat hien.
+ a cac bien can
phan tch nhan to
vao khung Variables
+ Sau o lan lt
chon cac nut
Descriptives
Extraction
Rotation
Options
Scores
va anh dau chon
cac muc phu hp
(khi can)
Hnh 5
Khi chon Descriptives.
Hop thoai nh Hnh 5
xuat hien. anh
dau chon KMO and
Bartletts test of
sphericity (neu can)

Hnh 6.
Khi chon Extraction.
Hop thoai nh Hnh 6
xuat hien.
Trong bai hoc, ta s
dung phng phap
trch mac nh cua
SPSS la
Khi chon Rotation.
Principal components
Hop thoai nh Hnh 7
xuat hien.
Mot phng phap hay
c s dung khac
Danh
dau
chon
la
Varimax neu phng
phap trch la
Principal components

Hnh 7

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Promax neu phng
phap trch ma ban
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Hnh 8

Ti liu pht thm

Khi bam nut Options, hop

thoai
Factor
Analysis:
Options xuat hien. Trong
hop thoai nay:
+Chon Sorted by size e
sap xep cac bien quan sat
trong cung mot nhan to
ng gan nhau
+Chon
suppress
absolute
value less than neu khong
the hien cac trong so
nhan to co tr tuyet oi

Hnh 9
Khi bam nut Scores, hop
thoai Factor Analysis: Factor
Scores xuat hien.
Chon Save as variables neu
ban muon lu lai nhan so
(a chuan hoa) cua tng
nhan to

3. oc ket qua
Hnh 10. Bang Ma tran nhan to a xoay trong ket qua EFA lan 1
Rotated Component Matrix(a)

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Component
1

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gss5
gss2
gss6
gqs4
gss1
gss4
gqs5
gqs3
gqs6
gss3
gqs2
gqs1
lcs5
lcs3
lcs2
cgss1
cgss4
cgss2
lcs1
cos1
lcs4
cos2
cgss3
cos7
cos8
cos6
cos5
cos3
cos9
cos4
lrs5
gts6
gts4
gts3
gts2
gts5
gts1
lrs1
lrs2
lrs3
lrs4
aws3
aws1
aws2
aws4
ims3

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.763
.708
.708
.705
.697
.660
.641
.624
.620
.579
.574
.535
.668
.646
.644
.625
.620
.601
.589
.570
.568
.545
.518
.727
.724
.723
.658
.645
.567
.486
.473
.689
.633
.615
.596
.580
.555
.743
.706
.656
.596
.805
.795
.743
.569
.671
.655
.575
.493

ims2
ims1
ims4
gss7
gss8

.769
.766

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

a Rotation converged in 7 iterations.

Trong bang ket qua Hnh 10, co bao nhieu cot tc la co bay
nhieu thanh phan chnh (nhan to) c rut ra. Co 8 nhan to c
rut ra.

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Cac con so trong bang Rotated Component Matrix(a) goi la cac

Factor loading, hay he so tai nhan to, hay trong so nhan to.
Neu trong Hnh 8, ban khong anh dau chon suppress absolute value
less than th Hnh 10, tren moi dong, moi bien quan sat se co 8
Factor loading moi cot tng ng. (Neu chon phng phap trch
Principal axis factoring, thay v xem bang Rotated Component Matrix, ban
hay xem bang Pattern Matrix)
Trong v du nay, Hnh 10 ch hien th Factor loading ln nhat cua
moi bien quan sat tai moi dong (e n gian). Tren mot dong nhat
nh, ch co 1 con so. Con so nay chnh la factor loading ln nhat cua
bien quan sat nam dong o. Bien quan sat vari co factor loading
ln nhat nam tai cot nao th bien quan sat vari thuoc ve nhan to
o. Bien gss7 co factor loading ln nhat bang 0.769 va bien gss8 co
factor loading ln nhat bang 0.766; hai con so nay v tr cua cot so
8, nen nhan to th 8 gom co hai bien quan sat la gss7 va gss8.
Nhan to th 4 bao gom 6 bien quan sat la gts1, gts2, gts3, gts4,
gts5,gts6 v Factor loading ln nhat cua tng bien quan sat nay nam
cot so 4. Tng t nh vay, ban se biet c moi nhan to gom
co nhng bien quan sat nao. Hay noi cach khac, ban se biet c
bien quan sat bat ky se nam nhan to th may (cung co
trng hp Factor loading mang dau am, luc nay ban nh lay tr
tuyet oi cua no)
Mot tieu chuan quan trong oi vi Factor loading ln
nhat can c quan tam: no phai ln hn hoac bang 0.51 .
Hnh 10 cho thay, Factor loading ln nhat cua ba bien bien quan
sat cos4, lrs5, va ims4 eu nho hn 0.5. V vay, cac bien nay khong
thoa man tieu chuan tren. Ban co nen loai cung luc 3 bien nay ra
khong? Khong nen. Ban nen loai t tng bien quan sat mot. Bien
nao co factor loading ln nhat ma khong at nhat se b loai ra
trc. Factor loading ln nhat cua lrs5 bang 0.473; nho hn hai con so
con lai (0.486 va 0.493). Loai bien lrs5 ra, se co the tnh hnh c cai
thien hn. Thc hien EFA tng t nh cac bc tren, nhng khong co
bien lrs5, bang ket qua se nh Hnh 11.
Hnh 11 cho thay sau khi loai bien lrs5. Cac bien quan sat eu co
factor loading ln nhat t 0.5 tr len.
Cung co tac gia quan tam en tieu chuan khac biet he so
tai nhan to cua mot bien quan sat gia cac nhan to 0.3 e am
bao gia tr phan biet gia cac nhan to2.
1

Theo Hair & ctg (1998,111), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice-Hall International, Inc, Factor
loading la ch tieu e am bao mc y ngha thiet thc cua EFA (ensuring practical
significance). Factor loading > 0.3 c xem la at c mc toi thieu, Factor loading >
0.4 c xem la quan trong, > 0.5 c xem la co y ngha thc tien. Hair & ctg
(1998,111) cung khuyen ban oc nh sau: neu chon tieu chuan factor loading > 0.3 th
c mau cua ban t nhat phai la 350, neu c mau cua ban khoang 100 th nen
chon tieu chuan factor loading > 0.55, neu c mau cua ban khoang 50 th Factor
loading phai > 0.75

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Hnh 11. Bang Ma tran nhan to a xoay trong ket qua EFA lan 2
Rotated Component Matrix(a)
Component
1

gss5
.760
gss2
.716
gss6
.707
gqs4
.706
gss1
.700
gss4
.668
gqs5
.646
gqs3
.625
gqs6
.618
gqs2
.580
gss3
.578
gqs1
.537
lcs5
.670
lcs2
.644
lcs3
.643
cgss1
.624
cgss4
.620
cgss2
.598
lcs1
.588
cos1
.571
lcs4
.571
cos2
.543
cgss3
.514
cos7
.735
cos8
.729
cos6
.720
cos5
.659
cos3
.652
cos9
.581
cos4
.509
gts6
gts4
gts3
gts2
gts5
gts1
lrs1
lrs2
lrs3
lrs4
aws3
aws1
aws2
aws4
ims3
ims2
ims1
ims4
gss8
gss7
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.
a Rotation converged in 7 iterations.

.695
.637
.621
.603
.575
.546
.753
.706
.642
.555
.805
.792
.747
.569
.685
.666
.594
.510
.769
.764

Jabnoun & Al-Tamimi (2003) Measuring perceived service quality at UAE commercial banks,
International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, (20), 4

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Nh vay cac bien quan sat a vao EFA c rut gon thanh 8
nhan to. Ban cung biet c moi nhan to gom co nhng bien quan
sat nao. Ngi phan tch se xem cac bien quan sat trong moi nhan
to la nhng bien nao, co y ngha la g, va cung can da tren ly
thuyet t o at ten cho nhan to. Ten nay can ai dien c
cho cac bien quan sat cua nhan to.
Nhan to th nhat gom co 12 bien quan sat sau:
gss1 Khoa hoc a phat trien ky nang giai quyet van e cua toi
gss 2 Khoa hoc a lam cho ky nang phan tch cua toi c sau sac hn
gss 3 Khoa hoc a giup toi phat trien kha nang lam viec nhom
gss4 Nh tham d khoa hoc, toi cam thay t tin trc nhng van e ang can
tr, hay nhng van e mi
gss5 Khoa hoc cai thien ky nang viet trong khoa hoc cua toi
gss6 Khoa hoc phat trien kha nang lap ke hoach cong viec cua ban than toi
gqs1 Trng khuyen khch toi say me, am me trong viec hoc sau hn na, vi bac
hoc cao hn na
gqs2 Khoa hoc cung cap cho lnh vc kien thc cua toi mot quan iem rong hn
gqs3 Qua trnh hoc khuyen khch toi anh gia c nhng the manh, nhng kha
nang cua toi
gqs4 Toi a hoc e ap dung nhng nguyen tac, kien thc c hoc vao nhng
tnh huong mi
gqs5 Khoa hoc giup toi t tin e kham pha nhng van e mi
gqs6 Toi cho rang nhng g toi c hoc co gia tr cho tng lai cua toi

Di goc o ly thuyet, cac bien quan sat nay thuoc thanh phan
Phat trien nhng ky nang chung (Generic Skills Scale) va Chat lng
tot nghiep (Graduate Qualities Scale). Ban co the at ten cho nhan to
th nhat la Chat lng tot nghiep & phat trien cac ky nang
chung hoac co the mot ten khac nh phat trien kien thc
ky nang thai o vi nghe nghiep
Nhan to th hai gom co 11 bien quan sat
lcs1 Toi cam thay mot bo phan hoc vien, giang vien, nhan vien cam ket thc
hien tot viec viec hoc tap, nghien cu, giang day va phuc vu viec day - hoc
lcs2 Toi co the tm hieu nhng van e hng thu trong khoa hoc vi oi ngu
giang vien, va cac hoc vien trong trng
lcs3 Toi cam thay tin tng nhng ngi khac trong trng khi cung ho kham pha
nhng y tng
lcs4 Nhng y tng va nhng e ngh cua hoc vien c s dung trong qua trnh
hoc
lcs5 Toi cam thay mnh cung thuoc ve cong ong ai hoc
cgss1 Cac tieu chuan, yeu cau cua viec hoc tap/nghien cu c biet en mot
cach de dang
cgss2 Toi thng biet ro nhng ky vong cua toi ve khoa hoc, va ieu ma toi

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can lam
cgss3Toi tch cc kham pha va thc hien nhng g ngi ta mong i toi trong
khoa hoc
cgss4 oi ngu giang vien lam ro nhng g ho ky vong va yeu cau hoc vien
t buoi hoc au tien cua mon hoc
cos1 Nhng hoat ong lien quan en viec to chc khoa hoc c thc hien tot
cos2 Toi nhan c nhng thong tin, li khuyen hu ch e len ke hoach hoc tap
nghien cu cua mnh

Cac bien quan sat cua nhan to th hai lien quan en thanh
phan Cong ong hoc tap (Learning Community Scale), Muc tieu &
tieu chuan ro rang (Clear Goals and Standards Scale), va hai bien
quan sat cua thanh phan To chc khoa hoc (Course Organisation
Scale). No lien quan en van e van hoa hoc tap; trng ai hoc
can tao ra mot moi trng e hoc vien co the cam nhan c ni
ay thc s la cong ong hoc tap va nghien cu. Ban co the at
ten nhan to la Cong ong hoc tap v ten nay phan anh kha ro
cac bien quan sat trong nhan to, va van gi c mot khai niem
mang tnh ly thuyet cua thang o CEQ, hoac ban cung co the s dung
mot ten khac nh Van hoa hoc tap
Nhan to th ba bao gom 7 bien quan sat (t cos3 en cos9), va co
the c at ten la chng trnh ao tao
cos3
cos4
toi
cos5
cos6
cos7
cos8
cos9

Cac mon hoc trong chng trnh c to chc mot cach co he thong
Khoa hoc co s linh hoat, mem deo hp ly e ap ng c nhu cau cua
Toi co u cac la chon ve cac mon hoc ma toi muon hoc
Cac mon hoc hien ai, nang cao trong chng trnh rat a dang
So lng cac mon hoc trong chng trnh rat phu hp
Cac mon hoc trong chng trnh at c o sau ve kien thc
Khoa sau ai hoc ap ng c cac yeu cau cua toi

Nhan to th t bao gom 6 bien quan sat cua thanh phan giang
day tot, va ten cua no van la giang day tot (Good Teaching
Scale)
gts1 oi ngu giang vien (GV) cua khoa hoc ong vien, thuc ay toi thc hien
tot nhat cong gts2 viec hoc tap nghien cu cua mnh
gts2 oi ngu GV danh nhieu thi gian bnh luan, gop y ve viec hoc tap nghien
cu cua toi
gts3 oi ngu giang vien a no lc e hieu c nhng kho khan ma toi co
the gap phai trong qua trnh hoc tap, nghien cu
gts4 oi ngu GV thng cho toi nhng thong tin hu ch ve viec toi nen lam g
tiep tuc
gts5 Cac giang vien giai thch ieu g o eu rat ro rang, de hieu
gts6 oi ngu GV a lam viec tan tuy, nghiem tuc e lam cho cac chu e
cua ho tr nen hng thu

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Nhan to th nam bao gom cac bien quan sat cua Nguon lc
hoc tap (Learning Resources Scale)
Mc o
ong y
Nguon tai lieu trong th vien ap ng c nhu cau cua toi
Thiet b cong nghe thong tin phuc vu giang day &hoc tap hoat
ong co hieu qua
Nha trng lam ro nhng tai lieu nao a san co e ho tr
viec hoc tap cua toi
Tai lieu hoc tap ro rang va suc tch
Cac tai lieu hoc tap cua khoa hoc thch hp, va c cap nhat

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

Nhan to th sau bao gom cac bien quan sat cua thanh phan
Khoi lng cong viec hp ly (Appropriate Workload Scale)
aws1 Tai lng hoc tap khong qua nang ne
aws2 Toi khong ch u thi gian e hieu nhng ieu toi buoc phai hoc, ma con
co the danh aws3 thi gian e nghien cu them cac tai lieu tham khao khac
aws4 Khong co qua nhieu ap lc trong hoc tap, nghien cu
aws5 Khoi lng cong viec trong khoa hoc hp ly e co the lnh hoi c kien
thc

Nhan to th bay bao gom cac bien quan sat cua thanh phan
Thuc ay tri thc khoa hoc (Intellectual Motivation Scale) nh thang o
CEQ ly thuyet. Ten cua no van la Thuc ay tri thc khoa hoc
ims1 Toi nhan thay qua trnh hoc tap, nghien cu cua toi rat hng thu ve mat
tri thc khoa hoc
ims2 Toi cam thay co ong c hoc tap tot khi tham d khoa hoc
ims3 Khoa hoc a khien toi hng thu hn trong lnh vc khoa hoc
ims4 Noi chung qua trnh hoc tap, nghien cu cua toi rat ang gia

Nhan to th tam bao gom hai bien quan sat va c at ten la

phat trien ky nang ngoai ng & tin hoc
gss7 Khoa hoc phat trien ky nang s dung ngoai ng cua toi
gss8 Khoa hoc phat trien ky nang tin hoc cua toi

Ngoai ra, khi phan tch nhan to, ngi ta con quan tam en cac ket
qua cua KMO va kiem nh Bartlett; Phng sai trch (% bien thien c
giai thch bi cac nhan to).
Hnh 12. Bang KMO va kiem nh Bartlett sau khi EFA lan 2

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KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square
df
Sig.

.946
7711.045
1225
.000

KMO la mot ch tieu dung e xem xet s thch hp cua EFA,

0.5KMO1 th phan tch nhan to la thch hp. Kiem nh Bartlett xem
xet gia thuyet Ho: o tng quan gia cac bien quan sat bang
khong trong tong the. Neu kiem nh nay co y ngha thong ke (Sig
0.05) th cac bien quan sat co tng quan vi nhau trong tong the
(Trong & Ngoc, 2005, 262)

Hnh 12

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Trong hnh Hnh 12, ban quan tam en mot con so cot cuoi cung
cua dong so 8 (v co 8 nhan to c rut ra). Con so nay la 66.793.
Ngi ta noi phng sai trch bang 66.793%. Con so nay cho biet tam
nhan to giai thch c 66.793% bien thien cua cac bien quan sat
(hay cua d lieu)
Co mot tieu chuan oi vi phng sai trch. Hair & ctg (1998)
yeu cau rang phng sai trch phai at t 50% tr len 3.

Cau hoi thc hanh 1

Khi EFA oi vi cac bien quan sat oss1, oss2, oss3 ta co ket qua nh
sau. Ban hay cho biet nhan xet cua mnh?
KMO and Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling
Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square
df
Sig.

.718
429.515
3
.000

Total Variance Explained

Component
1
2
3

Total
2.504
.351
.144

Initial Eigenvalues
% of Variance Cumulative %
83.477
83.477
11.711
95.187
4.813
100.000

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Total
% of Variance Cumulative %
2.504
83.477
83.477

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Gerbing & Anderson (1988), An Update Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporing
Unidimensionality and Its Assessments, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.25, 186-192 cung
yeu cau phng sai trch phai ln hn hoac bang 50%.

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Ti liu pht thm

a
Component Matrix

Component
1
oss1 Noi chung, toi a cam thay hai long ve chat lng cua khoa hoc

.941

oss2 Khoa hoc a ap ng c nhng c nhng hy vong cua toi

.929
oss3 Hien nay, trng la "ni hoan hao ve ao tao thac s " theo suy ngh cua.869
toi
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
a. 1 components extracted.

Rotated Component Matrix a

a. Only one component was extracted.
The solution cannot be rotated.

4. Nhan so
Khi EFA, trong hop thoai Factor Analysis, ban co the chon nut
Scores, sau o nhap chon Regression e lu lai nhan so cua nhan to
mot cach t ong. Nhan so tnh theo cach nay a c chuan hoa
(khong co n v). No thch hp nhat neu ban s dung cac nhan so
e phan tch hoi quy, va kiem nh moi quan he anh hng cua
cac bien oc lap en bien phu thuoc; va rat thch hp neu cac
bien quan sat co n v tnh khac nhau. Neu ban s dung cac nhan
so nay e thc hien cac thong ke mo ta, t-test, ANOVA th khong
nen v gia tr trung bnh cua no bang 0, va kho giai thch; trng hp
nay, ban nen tnh nhan so cua nhan to bang cach tnh trung bnh
cong cua cac bien quan sat thuoc nhan to, hoac bang cach tnh
tong cua cac bien quan sat cung nhan to (ch s dung cach nay
khi cac items co cung n v o lng).
Hnh 13 Cac bien mi c t ong tao ra e lu lai nhan so

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Cau hoi thc hanh 2: ban hay tnh he so tng quan cap gia
FAC1_1, FAC2_1, FAC3_1, FAC4_1_1, FAC5_1, FAC6_1, FAC7_1, FAC_8, he so
tng quan cap gia cac cap bien nay bang bao nhieu?
Gia s ban muon tnh nhan so bang phng phap trung bnh
cong cua cac bien quan sat thuoc nhan to. V du, ban biet rang
nhan to th t -giang day tot - gom co 6 bien quan sat t gts1
en gts6. Tnh nhan so cua nhan to nay va lu vao bien F4. Bien F4
co the s dung e ai dien cho 6 bien quan sat gts1, gts2, gts3, gts4,
gts5, gts6.
T thanh Menu cua SPSS, chon transform\compute variable sau o khai
bao nh Hnh 14
Hnh 14. Tnh nhan so cua nhan to th t - giang day tot

Khanh Duy

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Hnh 15. Nhan so cua nhan to bon c tnh bang cach trung bnh
cong

Tng t, ban se tnh nhan so cua nhan to 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 va lu

vao cac bien tng ng F1, F2, F3, F5, F6, F7, F8. Ket qua EFA trong
phan cau hoi thc hanh cho thay cho oss1, oss2, oss4 c nhom
thanh 1 nhan to. Gia s rang ban lu nhan so cua nhan to s hai
long trong bien OS
Hnh 16. Nhan so tnh bang phng phap trung bnh

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5. Cac phan tch khac sau khi thc hien phan tch nhan to
T ket qua cua EFA, ban co the tiep tuc thc hien nhieu phan
tch khac. V du nh Cronbachs Alpha, T-test, ANOVA, Hoi quy, o lng a
hng, phan cum
8 bien F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8 co the ai dien c cho rat
nhieu bien quan sat e o lng chat lng khoa hoc thac s. Sau khi
thc hien phan tch nhan to, ban co the s dung cac bien F1, F2, F3,
F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, OS e thc hien cac phan tch khac.
Hnh 17.

Nghien cu cua Ostergaard va Kristensen (2005) cho thay mc o

hai long chung cua sinh vien chu anh hng bi nhieu yeu to,
trong o co chat lng phan cng, va chat lng phan mem

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cua chng trnh hoc. Trong lnh vc giao duc ai hoc 4, chat lng ao
tao anh hng en s hai long (Thurau, 2001). Kabanoff (2003) cung
cho rang 5 nhan to cac ky nang chung, giang day tot, muc tieu va
tieu chuan ro rang, khoi lng cong viec hp ly, anh gia hp ly
anh hng ty le thuan en mc o hai long. Gia s bang
phng phap hoi quy tuyen tnh boi, ban muon xem xet trong cac yeu
to t F1 en F8, yeu to nao thc s tac ong en OS mot cach
trc tiep. Ket qua hoi quy sau cung nh sau:
b
Model Summary

Model
1

R
.856a

R Square
.732

Adjus ted R
Square
.727

Std. Error of
the Es timate
.68894

a. Predictors : (Constant), F7, F3, F2, F1

b. Dependent Variable: OS

ANOVAb
Model
1

Regres s ion
Res idual
Total

Sum of
Squares
267.611

Mean
Square
66.903

97.776

206

.475

365.387

210

df

F
140.954

Sig.
.000a

a. Predictors : (Cons tant), F7, F3, F2, F1

b. Dependent Variable: OS

a
Coefficients

Uns tandardized
Coefficients
Model
1

B
-.313

Std. Error
.213

F1

.211

.067

F2

.177

.068

F3

.437

F7

.189

(Cons tant)

Standardize
d
Coefficients
Beta

Correlations

Collinearity
Statis tics

t
-1.469

Sig.
.143

Partial

Part

VIF

.188

3.148

.002

.214

.113

2.736

.151

2.616

.010

.179

.094

2.575

.055

.436

7.882

.000

.481

.284

2.356

.057

.193

3.293

.001

.224

.119

2.639

a. Dependent Variable: OS

Cau hoi thc hanh 3: Vi ket qua hoi quy trong phan nay, mo
hnh hoi quy co dau hieu b vi pham cac gia nh cua hoi quy
tuyen tnh khong? Trong cac nhan to anh hng en OS, nhan to
nao anh hng quan trong nhat, nh, ba, t?

Bao gom ca bac ao tao ai hoc, thac s, tien s

Khanh Duy

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caterp
lot
H
istogram 2 S

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R
egrsion
S
tan
d
rized
R
sid
u
al

F
req
u
n
cy

5400
3200
100-4R
egr-2sion
S
tan
d
riz0ed
R
sid
u
al2

Ti liu pht thm

0
--24-3-2-10123
R
egrsion
S
tan
d
rized
P
red
icted
V
alu
e

Neu ban co y nh s dung ket qua phan tch nhan to kham

pha EFA e thc hien cac phan tch nh CFA ( Confirmatory Factor Analysis), SEM
(Structural Equation Modeling) th trong qua trnh thc hien EFA, ban nen chon
phng phap trch Principal axis factoring vi phep xoay Promax.
Phan tch nhan to ngay cang c s dung nhieu trong cac lnh
vc nghien cu: t quan tr, marketing, tam ly hoc, xa hoi hoc, moi
trng, khoa hoc hanh vi, chnh sach cong va kinh te phat trien. Hy
vong rang, tai lieu nay se ho tr ban mot phan nao o trong qua
trnh hoc tap.
Tai lieu tham khao

AUN_The Australian National University (2005), Graduate Destination Survey And Course
Experience Questionnaire 2004
SPSS Inc (2006), SPSS 15.0 Base Users Guide
Nguyen Khanh Duy, Nguyen Van S, Vu Th Phng Anh, Le Thanh Nhan
(2007), Khao sat s hai long cua hoc vien trng H Kinh te TPHCM ve chat
lng ao tao thac s, e tai NCKH, Trng H Kinh te TPHCM.
Hair, Anderson, Tatham, black (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentical-Hall International,
Inc.
Harris K.L, James R. (2006) The Cource Experience Questionnaire, Graduate Destinations
Survey and Learning and Teaching Performance Fund in Australia higher education, The
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, san co tai www.unc.edu/ppaq/docs/CEQ-final.pdf
(20/09/2006)
Ostergaard Dean Peder, Kristensen Kai (2005), Drivers of student satisfaction and loyalty at
different levels of higher education (HE) cross-institutional results based on ECSI methodology,
The
Aahus
School
of
Business,
Denmark,
san
co
tai
http://forskningsbasen.deff.dk/ddf/rec.external?id=hha9903 (01/03/2006)
Ramsden (1991), A performance indicator of teaching quality in higher education: the Course
Experience Questionnaire, Studies in Higher Education, 16, 129-50
Ramsden (1999), The CEQ-looking back and forward. In: The Course Experience Questionnaire
Symposium 1998, eds T Hand and K Treambath, DETYA, Canberra.
Roger Gabb (2004), The CEQ, SES, and SET questionnaires, Victoria University. San co tai:
http://ceds.vu.edu.au/set/pdf/CEQ%20SES%20and%20SET.pdf (28/04/2006)
Schumacker Randall E. & Lomax Richard G. (2006), A biginners guide to Structural
Equation Modeling, Lawrence Erlbaum associates, publisher, London
Nguyen nh Tho, Pham Xuan Lan, NguyenTh Bch Cham, Nguyen Th Mai
Trang (2005), ieu tra anh gia thc trang moi trng au t tnh Tien Giang va
e xuat cac giai phap huy ong nguon lc xa hoi au t phat trien, e tai
NCKH, S Khoa hoc & cong nghe Tnh Tien Giang

Khanh Duy

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Hoang Trong & Chu Nguyen Mong Ngoc (2005), Phan tch d lieu nghien cu
vi SPSS, NXB Thong Ke
Thurau T. H., Langer M., F. Hansen U. (2001), Modeling and Managing student loyalty an
approach based on the concept of relationship quality, Journal of Service Research, Vol 3, No.4,
May 2001

Phu luc

BAN PHONG VAN HOC VIEN CAO HOC

Than gi quy anh/ch hoc vien,
Chung toi la nhng thanh vien nhom nghien cu ve chat lng ao tao thac
s cua nha trng, rat mong anh/ch danh t thi gian e ien vao ban phong van
nay. Nhng thong tin ma anh/ch cung cap se giup ch cho nha trng rat nhieu
trong viec nang cao chat lng ao tao thac s.
Xin chan thanh cam n; va cho phep chung toi c gi en quy anh/ch li
chuc sc khoe, thanh cong, va hanh phuc!

I. CHAT LNG KHOA HOC THAC S

Anh/ch vui long anh gia mc o mc o ong y cua anh/ ch
oi vi moi phat bieu di ay. Quy c rang ai t toi trong
cac cau hoi (cac phat bieu) la anh/ch, va iem cua cac thang o nh sau:
Thang o mc o ong y
1. Rat khong ong y
2. Khong ong y
3. Hi khong ong y
4. Phan van, khong biet co ong y hay khong (trung
lap)
5. Hi ong y
6. ong y
7. Rat ong y (phat bieu hoan toan ung)
Giang day tot (Good Teaching Scale)
oi ngu giang vien (GV) cua khoa hoc ong vien, thuc ay
toi thc hien tot nhat cong viec hoc tap nghien cu cua mnh
oi ngu GV danh nhieu thi gian bnh luan, gop y ve viec hoc
tap nghien cu cua toi
oi ngu giang vien a no lc e hieu c nhng kho khan
ma toi co the gap phai trong qua trnh hoc tap, nghien cu
oi ngu GV thng cho toi nhng thong tin hu ch ve viec toi
nen lam g tiep tuc
Cac giang vien giai thch ieu g o eu rat ro rang, de hieu
oi ngu GV a lam viec tan tuy, nghiem tuc e lam cho cac
chu e cua ho tr nen hng thu
Phat trien nhng ky nang chung (Generic Skills Scale)
Khoa hoc a phat trien ky nang giai quyet van e cua toi
Khoa hoc a lam cho ky nang phan tch cua toi c sau sac
hn
Khoa hoc a giup toi phat trien kha nang lam viec nhom
Nh tham d khoa hoc, toi cam thay t tin trc nhng van e
ang can tr, hay nhng van e mi
Khoa hoc cai thien ky nang viet trong khoa hoc cua toi
Khoa hoc phat trien kha nang lap ke hoach cong viec cua
ban than toi
Khoa hoc phat trien ky nang s dung ngoai ng cua toi

Khanh Duy

23

Mc o
ong y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mc o
ong y
1 2

3 4 5 6 7

1 2

3 4 5 6 7

1 2

3 4 5 6 7

1 2

3 4 5 6 7

1 2

3 4 5 6 7

1 2

3 4 5 6 7

1 2

3 4 5 6 7

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Khoa hoc phat trien ky nang tin hoc cua toi

Ti liu pht thm

1 2

Chat lng tot nghiep (Graduate Qualities Scale)

Trng khuyen khch toi say me, am me trong viec hoc sau hn
na, vi bac hoc cao hn na
Khoa hoc cung cap cho lnh vc kien thc cua toi mot quan
iem rong hn
Qua trnh hoc khuyen khch toi anh gia c nhng the manh,
nhng kha nang cua toi
Toi a hoc e ap dung nhng nguyen tac, kien thc c hoc
vao nhng tnh huong mi
Khoa hoc giup toi t tin e kham pha nhng van e mi
Toi cho rang nhng g toi c hoc co gia tr cho tng lai cua
toi
Muc tieu &tieu chuan ro rang (Clear Goals and Standards Scale)
Khoi lng cong viec hp ly (Appropriate Workload Scale)
Cac tieu chuan, yeu cau cua viec hoc tap/nghien cu c
biet
en hoc
mottap
cach
de dang
Tai lng
khong
qua nang ne
Toi khong
thngch
biet
rothi
nhng
toi
ve toi
khoa
hoc,phai
va
u
gian ky
e vong
hieu cua
nhng
ieu
buoc
ieu
ma con
toi can
lam danh thi gian e nghien cu them cac
hoc, ma
co the
Toi
tch cc
kham
tai lieu
tham
khaopha
khacva thc hien nhng g ngi ta mong i

toi trong
khoa
hoc ap lc trong hoc tap, nghien cu
Khong
co qua
nhieu
oi
giang
nhng
holy
kye
vong
Khoingu
lng
congvien
vieclam
trongro
khoa
hoc g
hp
co va
theyeu
lnh cau
hoi

hoc
vien
t buoi hoc au tien cua mon hoc
c
kien
thc

Mc o
ong y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Mc o
ongo
y
Mc
ong
y
2 3 4 5 6

1
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Nguon lc hoc tap (Learning Resources Scale)

Nguon tai lieu trong th vien ap ng c nhu cau cua toi
Thiet b cong nghe thong tin phuc vu giang day &hoc tap hoat
ong co hieu qua
Nha trng lam ro nhng tai lieu nao a san co e ho tr
viec hoc tap cua toi
Tai lieu hoc tap ro rang va suc tch
Cac tai lieu hoc tap cua khoa hoc thch hp, va c cap nhat
Cong ong hoc tap (Learning Community Scale)
Toi cam thay mot bo phan hoc vien, giang vien, nhan vien
cam ket thc hien tot viec viec hoc tap, nghien cu, giang day
va phuc vu viec day - hoc
Toi co the tm hieu nhng van e hng thu trong khoa hoc vi
oi ngu giang vien, va cac hoc vien trong trng
Toi cam thay tin tng nhng ngi khac trong trng khi cung
ho kham pha nhng y tng
Nhng y tng va nhng e ngh cua hoc vien c s dung
trong qua trnh hoc
Toi cam thay mnh cung thuoc ve cong ong ai hoc

Khanh Duy

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3 4 5 6 7

Mc o
ong y
1

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

Mc o
ong y
1 2 3 4 5

6 7

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

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Thuc ay tri thc khoa hoc (Intellectual Motivation Scale)

Toi nhan thay qua trnh hoc tap, nghien cu cua toi rat hng
thu ve mat tri thc khoa hoc
Toi cam thay co ong c hoc tap tot khi tham d khoa hoc
Khoa hoc a khien toi hng thu hn trong lnh vc khoa hoc
Noi chung qua trnh hoc tap, nghien cu cua toi rat ang gia

Mc o
ong y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

To chc khoa hoc (Course Organisation Scale)

Nhng hoat ong lien quan en viec to chc khoa hoc c
thc hien tot
Toi nhan c nhng thong tin, li khuyen hu ch e len ke
hoach hoc tap nghien cu cua mnh
Cac mon hoc trong chng trnh c to chc mot cach co he
thong
Khoa hoc co s linh hoat, mem deo hp ly e ap ng c
nhu cau cua toi
Toi co u cac la chon ve cac mon hoc ma toi muon hoc
Cac mon hoc hien ai, nang cao trong chng trnh rat a dang
So lng cac mon hoc trong chng trnh rat phu hp
Cac mon hoc trong chng trnh at c o sau ve kien thc
Khoa sau ai hoc ap ng c cac yeu cau cua toi

Mc o
ong y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

II. MC O HAI LONG CHUNG

Anh/ch vui long anh gia mc o ong y cua mnh vi cac phat bieu
sau.
Quy c: 1 la Rat khong ong y, , 7 la Rat ong y
Mc o hai long chung (Overall Satisfaction Scale)
Noi chung, toi a cam thay hai long ve chat lng cua khoa
hoc
Khoa hoc a ap ng c nhng c nhng hy vong cua toi
Hien nay, trng la ni hoan hao ve ao tao thac s theo suy
ngh cua toi

Mc o
ong y
1

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

2 3 4 5 6 7

III. THONG TIN CA NHAN. Anh ch vui long cho biet cac thong tin ca
nhan sau:
1.Gii tnh: Nam
N
2.Tuoi: 26
27-30 31-35
36-40
41-45
46-50
51
3.Mc thu nhap trung bnh mot thang (trieu ):
3,0
3,1- 5,0
5,1-7,0
7,1- 10,0 >10
4.C quan cong tac:
Cha i lam
Doanh nghiep nha nc
Trng THCN, Cao ang, ai hoc
Doanh nghiep ngoai quoc doanh
trong nc
Vien nghien cu
Doanh nghiep co von au t
nc ngoai
C quan quan ly nha nc
Khac (xin ghi ro):

Khanh Duy

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5. V tr cong tac (neu anh/ch a i lam)

nhan vien Trng/pho phong hoac tng ng Giam oc/pho giam
oc hoac tng ng
Khac (xin ghi ro) .

Khanh Duy

26