Gii thiu s lc mt s loi kim thu set

khac
I.S lc ve kim thu set Pulsar
II.Mot so loai kim thu set khac

SVTH: LE TH HOANG VI
MSSV: X041488

I. Kim thu set Pulsar- Thiet b thu set tia tien ao

Kim thu set Pulsar do hang Helita-CNRS ( Phap) san xuat,
hien c a chuong tai th trng Viet Nam va c phan phoi
bi cong ty Hoang Chau Viet Nam.
( Pulsar la ten goi khac cua sao Neutron)
Gii thieu khai quat ve hang Helita-CNRS
( Phap):
Helita-CNRS ( Phap) c thanh lap vao 1932, la cong ty
hang au cua Phap trong lnh vc bao ve set anh trc tiep.
Helita co tren 150.000 s tham nh khach hang tren
toan the gii. Helita hp tac vi to chc Nguyen Cu Khoa Hoc
Quoc Gia Phap (CNRS) va phong th nghiem vat ly Phong ien, c
quan nguyen cu quoc gia Phap (ANVAR), cac trng ai hoc va
ky thuat hang au cua Phap. Helita cung cap thiet b bao ve
chong set va la cong ty i au trong lnh vc nay. Vi nhieu
cong trnh nguyen cu, Helita a nhan c nhieu bang cap phat
minh tren toan the gii.
Noi dung nguyen cu:

Cau tao, kch thc

Tnh nang va nguyen ly hoat ong
Cach lap at, v tr lap at
va mot so hnh anh minh hoa
Tieu chuan kiem tra an toan va pham vi bao ve
Mot so he thong lien quan
Gia thanh va a ch trang web

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I.

Cau tao, kch thc

1.au kim dai 75cm, ng knh 18mm,
chieu dai kim khoang t 2-3m
2.a kim loai vi nhieu k va o day khac nhau
tuy thuoc vao kieu kim
( hien co 4 kieu: Pulsar 18,30,45,60)
3.Bau tru cha thiet b phat tia tien ao
tao dong dan set chu ong
4.k pha ngoai ong Pulsar 30mm
5.Kep noi day e a day dan set xuong at

Tnh nang va nguyen ly hoat ong

Khi en mat at co mot luong sang lt nhanh len au kim
thu set.
Kim thu set thong thng Franklin co ien luong set nay
tang nhanh len va hng xuong kim thu set sau mot thi gian
chuyen tiep lau dai lau dai.
Chuan b trc mot ng dan set ve pha tren
au thu set Pulsar phat ra tn hieu ien cao the vi mot bien o,
tan so nhat nh tao ra ng dan set phat trien nhanh ve pha
tren chu ong
dan set, ong thi trong khi o lam giam ien tch xung quanh
au
kim thu set.
Mang lai hieu qua thu set cao hn kim thu set thong thng.
II.

Phan tch, so sanh s phong ien ve pha tren cua kim

Pulsar vi mot kim thu set thong thng co cung mot kch thc
va at trong moi trng th nghiem a cho thay ve o li thi
gian T cua Pulsar. u iem ve o li thi gian T nay e kim Pulsar
phat ra mot ng dan set chu ong ve pha tren lien tuc ( e
am bao dan set chu ong va chnh xac)
au kim thu set thong thng co cot sang ngau nhien roi
tiep theo la xay ra phong ien tia tien ao tng bac. au kim
thu set Pulsar th luong sang phat i lien tuc cang luc cang tang
khong theo tng bac.

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 T duy tr nang lng: kim thu set Pulsar t tch luy nang lng.
Khong can nguon cung cap phu. au kim se thu nang lng t
vung ien trng xung quanh trong thi gian giong bao (khoang t
10 en 20.000 v/m). ng dan chu ong bat au ngay khi ien
trng xung quanh vt qua gia tr cc ai e am bao nguy c set
anh.
Tm hieu ve viec hnh thanh tia tien ao:
Nguyn l hnh thnh st

S hnh thnh cc in tch khi vi cc cc tnh

khc nhau trong m my (hay cn gi l s phn cc

ca m my) c lin quan n s ngng t do lm lnh
hi nc ca lung khng kh nng i ln.

To ra cc ion dng v m (cc trung tm ngng t)

v lin quan n c s phn chia cc git nc mang

in trong m my di tc dng mnh ca lung
khng kh nng i ln.
Trn mt t bn di m my s tp trung cc
in tch tri du vi ion tp trung di m my.

Phn b in tch khi c m my dng

Nguyn l corona l hin tng dy dn bng kim loi nhn c ni t t trong khu vc c
in trng mnh s c hin tng cc in tch b bt ra ngoi khng gian t im nhn ca dy dn
kim loi c ni t.
Trong qu trnh tch lu cc in tch c phn cc khc nhau, mt in trng c cng

lun c gia tng hnh thnh xung quanh m my. Khi Gradient in th mt im bt k ca
m my t gi tr ti hn v tnh cht cch in ca khng kh (vi p lc kh quyn bnh thng,
khong 3.106 V/m) xy ra s nh xuyn hay st tin o.
Qu trnh tin o c hnh thnh tng bc t m my hng xung mt t.

ng thi khu vc di m my s c hin tng tin o ngc t

cc vt bng kim loi nhn c ni t do hin tng corona to ra.
Tin o i xung v i ln s gp nhau s kt thc qu trnh tin o.
Tia tin o chnh l knh dn in tch t m my xung mt t
hoc t mt t ln m my
III.

Cach lap at, v tr lap at

Dung nhng thiet b chong set e tao thanh mot khung sn

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bao phu ben ngoai khu vc can bao ve

Kim thu set c at v tr cao nhat cua cong trnh
hoac nhng ni de b set anh( mai nha, cac goc nhon,
cho nho ra tren mai nh: ong khoi, ong thong hi, be nc
mai)

Bo tr bo phan thu set phu thuoc vao cap chong set cua
cong trnh:
+ Cong trnh cap 1: Bo phan thu set phai at ben ngoai cong trnh,
khoang cach gan nhat cua noi at chong set en mong cong
trnh 5m.
+ Cong trnh cap 2: Bo phan thu set phai at ben ngoai cong trnh
hoac
bo tr ngay tren cong trnh, nhng phai bo tr cach bo phan cach ly
ve
ien vi cong trnh.
+ Cong trnh cap 3: Bo phan thu set c bo tr ngay tren cong trnh
Cong trnh cap 1, 2: S dung ca 3 bien phap: chong set trc tiep,
chong set lan truyen va ca chong set cam ng.
Cong trnh cap 3: Ch can chong set trc tiep va chong set lan
truyen.

Hnh anh minh hoa

A : Coupling driven effects:
Tac ong len thu san
B : Direct effects :
Tac ong trc tiep
C : Increases in site potential:
ien the tang mot vung
D : Direct conducted effects:
Tac ong trc tiep len ng day dan
Hnh tren cho ta thay pham vi tac ong cua set
la vo cung ln

Mot so v tr lap at khac

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Trang 5

Phong th nghiem: Laboratory Les RENARDIERES

IV. Tieu chuan kiem tra an toan va pham vi bao ve

anh gia hieu nang phong tia tien ao trong khong kh
cua Pulsar ngi ta dung ieu kien th nghiem giong nh
trong thien nhien
Kim thu set Pulsar c th nghiem bang nhieu
ien ap cao khac nhau Phap: Laboratory
Les RENARDIERES
Mot vung ien trng do s phan ly cua cac ien tch
trong am may tao nen vung au cc co xung ien the cao
a en phong ien tien ao tng bac
May phat ien AC: 6.000.000V
Khoang cach d gia be mat phong ien tam ien cc
va mat at: 13.5m

Trng hp chong set anten parabol:(tham thao)

Cu the anten parabol can at cach kim thu set 0,5m tr lai
va o cao kim toi thieu la 6m tnh t noc nha.
Kim thu set nen c at pha Bac cua can nha,
v kim thu set se nam pha sau mat nhan song cua parabol,
khong anh hng en hng nhn cua anten parabol en cac
ve tinh. Tot hn na la noi at ca anten parabol .
Khi tri ma gi sm st, khng nn s dng anten parabol.
Nn tt my thu, tho dy cm in khi cm, ngt ng kt ni
vi ti vi nu ti vi c cm in. My thu v tinh rt d h hng
v sm st, d xa. c gp trng hp st ph h cng lc
hng chc my thu v tinh v s lng ti vi tng ng ang
kt ni vi anten parabol ca mt khch sn.
Cht lng kim thu st c th hin
100% hiu qu trong vic phng in tch dn st
Kim thu st khng c thit b in t bo m tui th bn lu.
Cc c im k thut vn c duy tr, khng b nh hng sau mi ln st nh.
Khng cn ngun cung cp ph.
Bo m hot ng hiu qu sau mi ln st nh.
Khng cn s bo tr c bit no

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Pham vi bao ve
Rp: Ban knh bao ve mat phang ngang
tnh t chan at au kim Pulsar
h: Chieu cao kim tren be mat c bao ve
D: 20m, 45m, 60m dung cho bao ve
cong trnh cap I, II , III
Tham khao sach KY THUAT IEN CONG TRNH
(Ve cach tnh pham vi bao ve cua kim chong set)

Mot so he thong lien quan: bo phan dan set,

bo phan noi at ( tham khao sach KY THUAT IEN
CONG TRNH va ban thuyet trnh ve he thong noi at)

V . Gia thanh va a ch trang web

Ma so

Ten goi

Ban knh
bao ve

Khoi lng
(Kg)

Ga thanh
USD

IMH1812

Kim18

55m

4.7

1100

IMH3012
IMH4512
IMH6012

Kim30
Kim45
Kim60

71m
95m
118m

4.7
5.2
7.6

1200
1530
2080

a ch trang web:
http://www. www.hoangchauvn.com
http://www.indelec.com
http://www.vietco.com
http://www.anbao.com.vn
http://vnet.vn

II.Mot so kim thu set khac

Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim

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thu
thu
thu
thu
thu
thu

st
st
st
st
st
st

hiu
hiu
hiu
hiu
hin
hiu

Saint-Elmo ca Franklin France

IONIFLASH
IONOSTAR
STORMASTER
i Ingesco
Victory-Loi 7 kim

I. Kim thu st hieu Saint-Elmo ca Franklin France

FRANKLIN FRANCE cng vi U BAN NNG LNG
NGUYN T QUC GIA PHP (CEA) tin hnh nghin cu v
ch to thnh cng kim thu st Saint-Elmo
Hot ng hiu qu, tin cy, n gin, thm m, nh gn, kinh t,
khng s dng ngun ngoi v c bit l khng s dng cht phng x.
Hot ng bng cch thay i trng in t quanh kin trc cn
bo v, s nh ln ca kim l mt yu t quan trng trong vic gia tng
trng in t ti ch.

Cu to kim Saint-Elmo:
Gm: u thu, b phn kch thch v thn kim
u thu: b tr v tr cao nht
ca cng trnh to dng khng kh chuyn ng
B phn kch thch: lm bng Piezoelectric Ceramic
t trn thn kim
Thn kim: dng kim, lm bng ng thau
hoc inox

Kim thu st SaintElmo

Nguyn l hot ng ca kim thu st

Khi my ging xut hin, b kch thch to ra in p
cao ti u nhn pht ra ion v tng mt ion
Do o lam tang van toc phong ien corona
Nguyn l corona l hin tng dy dn bng kim loi
nhn c ni t t trong khu vc c in trng mnh
s c hin tng cc in tch b bt ra ngoi khng gian t
im nhn ca dy dn kim loi c ni t.

Tham khao sach KY THUAT IEN CONG TRNH

(Ve cach tnh pham vi bao ve cua kim chong set)

Mot so he thong lien quan: bo phan dan set,

bo phan noi at ( tham khao sach KY THUAT IEN
CONG TRNH va ban thuyet trnh ve he thong noi at)

Trang 8

II.Kim thu st hiu IONIFLASH

IONIFLASH ch c mt mc bn knh bo v l 107m
C 2 model l :
- IONIFLASH BENJAMIN (khng c cha)
- IONIFLASH IF3 (c cha)
Nguyen ly hoat ong giong nh kim thu set Pulsar
Gi : 14.000.000 VN

III.Kim thu st hiu IONOSTAR

Kim thu st hot ng:
u kim thu st to nn mt s sai bit v in th
gia u kim v m my
Do to ra mt ng dn tia o pht ra sm t
m my hng thng trc tip vo u kim
Nguyen ly hoat ong giong nh kim thu set Pulsar

IV.Kim thu st hiu STORMASTER

Nc sn xut : C
Bn knh bo v t : 51 - 107m
C cc loi model:
- ESE 15,Rp(51m).Gi : 7.300.000 VN
- ESE 30,Rp(71m).Gi : 8.500.000 VN
- ESE 50,Rp(91m).Gi : 9.500.000 VN
- ESE 60,Rp(107m).Gi : 14.500.000 VN

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V.Kim thu st hin i Ingesco6.3

Nc sn xut : Ty Ban Nha
Bn knh bo v: 102m.
y l bn knh bo v cao nht
Ngoai ra con: Ingesco5.3, Ingesco4.3,
Ingesco3.3, Ingesco3.1
Gi: 16.000.000 VND

VI.Kim thu st hiu Victory-Loi 7 kim

Gm: 01 u trn, trn nh c gn 01 cy kim di,
nhn 30cm, xung quanh gn 07 cy kim ngn 10cm (loai 7kim)
Kim thu st c in ci tin.Sn xut ti Vit Nam.
Bn knh bo v 10m - 20m (loai 3 kim)
Gia:650.000 VND

Loai 3 kim
Loai 7 kim

Kim thu set DETAKOM-A5

Rp(107m); KL= 7.1kg
SX: USA,Turkey

Kim thu set Jupiter

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Bai oc them ve : Nguyn tc hot

ng ca thit b phn tn nng

lng st:
H thng phn tn nng lng st - DAS do LEC (M) nghin cu ch to, nhm ngn nga s
hnh thnh tia st. Khc vi cc h thng chng st nh trc tip dng in cc Franklin hay in
cc pht tin o sm (ESE), h thng ny thc hin bng cch lin tc gim chnh lch hiu in th
gia mt t v m my dng tch in xung di mc kh nng xut hin tin o st (khng c
tin o t mt t i ln) do khng xy ra st.
H thng DAS hot ng theo nguyn l phng in im da trn hin tng corona, vi hng
nghn im nhn bng kim loi to ra ion bn trn h thng v ngn nga s hnh thnh tin o st.
H thng lin tc dn in tch cm ng trn b mt t ln cc u kim loi nhn to ion vo
khong khng bn trn v to ra mt khng gian tch in che chn gia m my dng v cng trnh
cn bo v.
Nh c khng gian tch in bn trn m cng in trng cc b bn di c gim
xung dn n ngn nga hin tng tin o do khng gy ra st nh vo cng trnh trong phm
vi bo v ca h thng phn tn nng lng.
H thng DAS bao gm cc b phn nh sau:
+ B to ion (Ionizer);
+ B tp trung in tch trong t - GCC (Ground charge collector);
+ Dy dn in tch (Interconnecting charge conductor).
B to ion: B to ion trong h thng DAS da trn nguyn l phng in im. B to Ion
c ch to bng vt liu c bit c hnh nghn im nhn.
B tp trung in tch trong t: B tp trung in tch trong t (GCC) thng lm bng dy ng
chn su khong 25 cm v cc thanh st tip t cch nhau khong 10 m. Cc tip t, c th
dng cc in cc tip t ho hc (chem. Rod), phi bo m thu ht ht cc in tch xut hin trn
mt t b nhim in do cc m my dng tch in to ra. Khi cc in tch dch chuyn vo vng
c bo v, n c b tp trung in tch dn ln b to ion bng mt dy dn qua vng c bo
v. Nh vy khu vc c bo v c in th thp hn cc vng xung quanh.
Dy dn in tch - ICC: Dy dn in tch - ICC phi bo m c in tr thp dn cc in
tch t GCC n b to ion. Dy dn in tch trong h thng phn tn nng lng st DAS khc vi
dy thot st trong h thng thu li Franklin hay pht x sm l dn dng in c cng thp
do s chuyn dch cc in tch b nhim in trong t ln b to ion bng con ng ngn nht.
Trn hnh 2 trnh by nguyn l chng st kiu phn tn nng lng st.

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Ve viec s dng thit b phn tn nng lng st cho cc cng trnh Vin
thng
Thit b vin thng l loi thit b in t rt nhy cm vi cc nh hng ca dng in v in p
ngoi tc ng trong khi tc ng ca dng in st v in p ca n gy ra rt ln.
Vic chng st nh trc tip rt quan trng v n hn ch nh hng ca dng st n cc cng
trnh Vin thng v tc tc ng ng th cp do dng st gy ra. H thng phn tn nng lng st
ngn cn st nh vo cng trnh m h thng bo v nn rt ph hp vi cc cng trnh Vin thng.
i vi 2 h thng chng st nh trc tip khc l Franklin v pht tin o sm s c dng st
chy trn h thng cp thot st v c th c 1 phn dng st chy trn cc cng trnh vin thng nh
cp feeder, cu cp ... dn vo thit b. ng thi khi dng st chy trn cp thot st s gy ra nh
hng th cp (cm ng) sang cp thng tin, v thit b v.v. Dng st chy vo h thng tip t s
gy ra tng in th t v s gy mt cn bng in th t ca trm Vin thng nu h thng tip t
khng c lin kt ng th tt.
Nh vy khi s dng h thng Franklin hoc pht tin o sm s lun c cc nh hng ca dng
st n cc thit b vin thng v nguy c gy ra h hng cho thit b l ln.

Hnh 2. Chng st theo nguyn l phn tn nng lng st

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Khi s dng h thng phn tn nng lng st s khng c dng st tc ng vo cng trnh v cc
nh hng th cp cng khng c v vy cng trnh s c bo v an ton hn.

Cc cng trnh Vin thng c 2 dng l dng tuyn v dng im, vic s dng thit b phn tn
nng lng st cho cc cng trnh dng tuyn chng hn nh tuyn cp thng tin treo, ng in
cung cp ngun cho trm v.v. l khng hp l v gi thnh ca h thng phn tn nng lng st cn
cao.
Vic s dng thit b phn tn nng lng st ph hp nht l cho cc cng trnh dng im l cc
trung tm vin thng c ct anten, khi h thng phn tn nng lng st s c lp t trn ct v
bo v cho ct anten, anten, cp feeder v cc cng trnh bn di.
Hin nay trn th trng c nhiu thit b chng st loi phn tn nng lng st nh thit b ALS100, ALS-1000, ALS-2000, ALS-3000 ca hng Seratech Lightning Protection, hoc h thng DAS,
SBT, SBI ca Lightning Eliminator & Consultants v.v. Vic o kim hiu qu bo v ca tng loi
thit b Vit Nam khng thc hin c v khng c phng th nghim nn chng ta ch c th thc
hin c bng cch s dng thc t ti cc trm Vin thng hay b st nh v nh gi hiu qu bo
v.
Kt lun: Chng st nh trc tip, c bit l chng st bo v cc cng trnh Vin
thng rt quan trng trnh nh hng ca dng st tc ng ln cc thit b Vin thng. H thng
chng st nh trc tip phn tn nng lng st c nghin cu ch to ngn nga st nh
trc tip vo cng trnh c h thng bo v.
Vic s dng h thng phn tn nng lng st bo v cho cc traung tm Vin thng rt tt v n
bo v cho cng trnh v thit b khi nh hng trc tip ca dng st v cc nh hng th cp
khc.
Hin nay mt s trm Vin thng thng xuyn b st nh gy h hng thit b c lp t h
thng phn tn nng lng st nh trm Long Thnh - ng Nai, trm Nhn Trch - ng Nai, Trm
Ninh Sn - Ninh Thun v.v. Kt qu ban u cho thy cc trm ny hn ch c rt nhiu s c
do st gy ra.
Tuy nhin y l h thng thit b cng ngh mi nn vn cn tip tc nghin cu, s dng
thc t trn phm vi rng t nh gi hiu qu bo v ca tng loi thit b chnh xc hn.

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