Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 4(44)/Nm 2007

N NNH TNH V CHT LNG IN P CA H THNG IN

NHN CNG SUT T CC NGUN XA
V Vn Thng (Trng i hc K thut cng nghip H Thi Nguyn)

1. t vn
Trong nhng nm gn y, tc pht trin ph ti in ca nc ta tng cao, c bit
trong giai on 2006-2010 tc tng trng ph ti khong 14%/nm [6]. Do , trong giai
on ny h thng in Vit Nam thiu ht cng sut trm trng, vi 780 MW thiu ht nm
2007 v 261 MW thiu ht nm 2008 ca h thng in min Bc. m bo cn bng cng
sut p ng yu cu ca ph ti, mt trong cc bin php c a ra l nhp khNu in nng
t Trung Quc qua ng dy 220kV t Tn Kiu (Trung Quc) cung cp cho khu vc Lo Cai,
Yn Bi, Ph Th v Vnh Phc. H thng in khu vc tch li c khong cch truyn ti l
296.6 km, mang c im ca li in nhn cng sut t ngun xa, do cht lng in p
v kh nng n nh tnh ca h thng in cn c bit quan tm.
2. Phng php phn tch ch v nh gi n nh tnh h thng in
2.1 Phng php phn tch ch
C s tnh ton phn tch ch ca h thng in l h phng trnh cn bng cng
sut nt:
Y11U 12 + Y12U 2U 1* + ... + Y1N U N U 1* = P1 jQ1
*
2
*
Y21U 1U 2 + Y22U 2 + ... + Y2 N U N U 2 = P2 jQ2

......................................................
Y U U * + Y U U * + ... + Y U 2 = P jQ
N2 2 N
NN
N
N
N
N1 1 N
trong : Y l in dn, U l in p nt v P, Q l cng sut nt.
H phng trnh l phi tuyn v nhiu bin s (v d, h thng in c n nt, h phng
trnh c 2n phng trnh v 2n Nn) nn trong tnh ton thng s dng thut ton lp dn ng, mt
trong nhng phng php c s dng rng ri v thun tin l phng php Newton-Raphson.
2.2 Phng php nh gi n nh tnh
Phng php nh gi n nh tnh h thng in gm: nh gi theo tiu chuNn nng
lng, tiu chuNn Lyapunov, tiu chuNn i s Hurwiz v cc tiu chuNn thc dng. Trong tnh
ton thng s dng tiu chuNn thc dng Gidanov do tiu chuNn s dng kt qu ca phng
php Newton-Raphson bng cch xt du ca ma trn Jacobi c xc nh. V vy, phn
tch ch v nh gi n nh tnh h thng in thng c thc hin ng thi gim
khi lng tnh ton v nh gi c y thng s ch ca h thng in.
3. c im ca li in nhn cng sut t ngun xa
H thng in nhn cng sut t cc ngun xa c nhng c im sau:
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Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 4(44)/Nm 2007

- in p nt U b dao ng rt mnh khi mt cn bng cng sut phn khng, do tiu

dQ
<0
chuNn nng lng xc nh nh sau:
dU
Trong : Q = QF + QD - Qt vi QF l cng sut phn khng pht ca my pht, QD l
cng sut phn khng truyn ti trn li in nhn t cc ngun xa v Qt l cng sut phn
khng ca ph ti.
dQ dQ F dQ D dQ t dQ D
=
+

<0
Do :
dU
dU
dU
dU
dU
- Gii hn cng sut tc dng truyn ti trn ng dy cung cp cho h thng ph thuc
dQ
, s tn ti mt min gii hn n nh
rt mnh vo cng sut phn khng. Theo tiu chuNn
dU
trn mt phng cng sut truyn ti nh trn hnh 1. Khi cng sut tc dng truyn ti trn
ng dy tng th cng sut phn khng gii hn truyn ti gim ng k, do khi ph ti ca
h thng in dao ng theo chiu tng th s mt cn bng cng sut phn khng trong h thng
dn n mt n nh tnh.
- Kh nng iu chnh cng sut phn khng pht ti ch ca h thng in c nh
hng nhiu n kh nng nhn cng sut tc dng t ngun xa cung cp cho ph ti. Cng sut
phn khng pht ti ch tng lm tng nhanh gii hn nhn cng sut tc dng t ngun xa, dn
dP
n h thng nng cao c kh nng n nh theo tiu chuNn
.
d
B cng sut phn khng ti ph ti l bin php hu hiu nng cao cng sut tc dng
v phn khng nhn t ngun xa, t cn bng cng sut phn khng dn n nng cao in
p v kh nng n nh tnh ca h thng in.
PP

PMin
n nh

PQ

P0
Hnh 1: Min n nh trn mt phng cng sut

4. Cu trc v thng s ch ca h thng in (110-220)kV Lo Cai, Yn Bi,

Ph Th v Vnh Phc giai on nhn in t Trung Quc
4.1 Cu trc v thng s ch ca h thng in
H thng in gm ng dy 220kV Tn Kiu - Vnh Yn di 296.6 km cung cp cho
li in 110 kV ca khu vc Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Ph Th v Vnh Phc. Tng chiu di truyn ti
ca ng dy 110 kV l 303.86 km vi tng cng sut cao im l 372.3 MW v cng sut thp
im l 229.0 MW. S h thng in trn hnh 2 v ph ti in ti cc thanh ci trn bng 1.

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Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 4(44)/Nm 2007

Hnh 2: S h thng in
Bng 1: Thng s ph ti
Vit
Tr
58
17
44.5
16.9

Trm
Pmax (MW)
Qmax (MW)
Pmin (MW)
Qmin (MW)

Lm
Thao
14
6.5
9.9
6.3

Bi
Bng
10
4.5
8
4.3

ng
Xun
22
5.3
16.5
5.1

Ph
Th
7.8
3.8
6.2
3.2

Lp
Thch
6.7
3.3
5.3
3.2

B.Vit
Tr
50
14
39.5
13.3

Vnh
Tng
9.5
4.3
7.2
3.9

Vnh
Yn
84.5
35.8
66.4
31.3

Phc
Yn
56.7
20.8
45.9
20.4

Ngha
L
12.4
4.5
9.9
4.2

Ph
Yn
8.1
2.5
6.4
2.3

Yn
Bi
32.8
11.3
26.2
10.6

H thng in s dng thit b b tnh ti trm bin p 220kV Vit Tr v Vnh Yn

vi cng sut b l 65 MVAR.
4.2 Cht lng in p v kh nng n nh ca h thng in
Kt qu tnh ton thng s ch ca h thng in khi b tnh ti thanh ci 110kV trm
bin p 220kV Vit Tr v Vnh Yn 65 MVAR bng phn mm CONUS khi ph ti cc i v
cc tiu trn bng 2 v bng 3.
Bng 2: in p ti cc nt ph ti khi ph ti cc i
Thanh ci
U (kV)
U (%)

Vit
Tr
98.4

Lm
Thao
99.8

Bi
Bng
100.1

ng
Xun
99.9

Ph
Th
99.5

Lp
Thch
100.5

B.Vit
Tr
100.0

Vnh
Yn
98.5

Phc
Yn
96.4

Vnh
Tng
98.5

Ngha
L
98.8

Ph
Yn
98.9

110Yn
Bi
102.3

-10.55

-9.27

-9.00

-9.18

-9.55

-8.64

-9.09

-10.4

-12.3

-10.4

-10.2

-10.1

-7.00

Bng 3: in p ti cc nt ph ti khi ph ti cc tiu

Thanh ci
U (kV)
U (%)

80

Vit
Tr
118.8

Lm
Thao
118.5

Bi
Bng
118.7

ng
Xun
118.0

8.00

7.73

7.91

7.27

Ph
Lp
Th Thch
118.1
119.1
7.36

8.27

B.Vit
Tr
118.8

Vnh
Yn
118.0

Phc
Yn
116.4

Vnh
Tng
118.0

Ngha
L
116.3

Ph
Yn
116.4

110Y
n Bi
116.8

8.00

7.27

5.82

7.27

5.73

5.82

6.18

Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 4(44)/Nm 2007

T bng 2 v bng 3 thy rng, in p ti cc nt ph ti ch ph ti cc i ti

mt s nt c lch in p ln hn tr s cho php nn khng tho mn yu cu nh ti
thanh ci Phc Yn, lch in p l -12.3%. Ti ch ph ti cc tiu lch in p
ti cc nt ph ti u nm trong gii hn cho php vi lch ln nht l 8.0% ti thanh
ci Vit Tr.
Vy, h thng in hin nay s dng thit b b tnh ti thanh ci 110kV trm bin p
220kV Vnh Yn v Vit Tr vi dung lng l 65 MVAR c th tn ti c ch xc lp.
Tuy nhin, khi ph ti cc i lch in p ti mt s nt ph ti vt qu gi tr cho php,
do khng m bo yu cu vn hnh trong mi ch ca h thng in.
5. Gii quyt vn cht lng in p v n nh tnh ca h thng in
T kt qu tnh ton trn mc 4 thy rng, trong ch ph ti cc tiu lch in p
ln nht l 8% v khi ph ti cc i l -12.3%, do c th iu chnh tng dung lng b
gim lch in p khi ph ti cc i v tng lch in p khi ph ti cc tiu tha mn
lch cho php l 10%. Kt qu tnh ton vi phn mm CONUS thy rng, khi iu chnh dung
lng b ti thanh ci 110kV trm bin p 220kV Vnh Yn v Vit Tr vi dung lng l 100
MVAR ng thi s dng kh nng iu chnh u phn p ca my bin p, lch in p
ca ph ti tha mn yu cu trong mi trng hp vi lch in p ln nht l 8.8% ti
thanh ci Bc Vit Tr. Thng s in p ti cc nt ph ti trn bng 4 v 5.
Bng 4: in p ti cc nt ph ti khi ph ti cc i
Thanh ci
U (kV)
U (%)

Vit
Tr
116.6

Lm
Thao
117.8

Bi
Bng
118.0

ng
Xun
116.4

Ph
Th
116.9

Lp
Thch
118.7

B.Vit
Tr
118.2

Vnh
Yn
115.9

Phc
Yn
114.2

Vnh
Tng
116.3

Ngha
L
113.5

Ph
Yn
113.6

110Yn
Bi
116.4

6.0

7.1

7.3

5.8

6.3

7.9

7.5

5.4

3.8

5.7

3.2

3.3

5.8

Ngha
L
112.4

Ph
Yn
112.5

110Yn
Bi
114.8

2.2

2.3

4.4

Bng 5: in p ti cc nt ph ti khi ph ti cc tiu

Thanh ci
U (kV)
U (%)

Vit
Tr
117.8

Lm
Thao
118.7

Bi
Bng
119.0

ng
Xun
116.6

Ph
Th
117.5

7.1

7.9

8.2

6.0

6.8

Lp
Thch
119.7
8.8

B.Vit
Tr
119.2

Vnh
Yn
116.7

Phc
Yn
115.1

8.4

6.1

4.6

Vnh
Tng
117.2
6.5

n nh l iu kin h thng in c th lm vic lu di, do n nh ni

chung v n nh tnh ni ring l mt ch tiu c bit quan trng cn phi nghin cu tnh ton
k lng trong thit k cng nh vn hnh h thng in. Theo tiu chuNn v n nh tnh, h
thng in s c kh nng n nh khi h s d tr n nh ca h thng in ln hn 20%. Tuy
nhin, trong iu kin kht khe h thng in c khong cch truyn ti ln, cu trc kh n
gin th h s d tr n nh tnh cho php m bo khi ln hn 15%.
Xc nh h s d tr n nh tnh ca h thng in, s dng phng php lm nng
thng s ch khi tng cng sut ca ph ti vi bc tng l 1.0% n ch gii hn n
nh, kt qu tnh ton cho thy cng sut ln nht h thng in c th nhn t cc ngun in
khi c thit b b ch gii hn n nh tnh l 483.03MW, cng vi cng sut c th nhn
ch xc lp tnh ton l 417.45MW. H s d tr n nh tnh ca ton h thng in l:
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Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 4(44)/Nm 2007

KT =

Pgh P0
P0

100 =

483.03 417.45
.100 = 15.71%
417.45

Vy, khi b tnh vi dung lng b l 100.0 MVAR ti hai im l thanh ci 110kV
Trm bin p 220kV Vnh Yn v Vit Tr, h thng in khu vc tch li s m bo cht
lng in p v h s d tr n nh tnh c th lm vic trong mi ch vn hnh. S
v thng s ch ca h thng in sau khi iu chnh th hin trn hnh 3.

Hnh 3: S v thng s h thng in

6. Kt lun
Kt qu tnh ton h thng in (110-220)kV khu vc Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Ph Th v
Vnh Phc giai on nhn in t Trung Quc bng phn mm CONUS c th a ra kt lun:
- H thng in nhn cng sut t cc ngun xa lun thiu ht v mt cn bng cng sut
phn khng do gii hn truyn ti ca ng dy truyn ti t ngun xa gim, cng sut ca
my pht ti ch nh khng p ng c yu cu ca ph ti, dn n sp in p trn ton
h thng in v mt n nh tnh.
- B cng sut phn khng l phng php hu hiu cn bng cng sut phn khng,
gim dao ng in p khi ph ti dao ng t ch ph ti cc i sang ch ph ti cc
tiu, nng cao c kh nng n nh tnh ca h thng in

Tm tt
Bi bo gii thiu v phn tch ch ca h thng in nhn cng sut t ngun xa l
li in (110-220)kV khu vc Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Ph Th v Vnh Phc giai on nhn in t
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Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 4(44)/Nm 2007

Trung Quc, nh gi hiu qu cc phng php iu chnh m bo cht lng in p v n

nh tnh ca h thng in, ng thi xut cc bin php iu chnh mi nhm nng cao cht
lng in p v kh nng n nh tnh ca h thng in trn.

Summary
Small sign Stability and Voltage Stability of Power System
This article introduces and analyses the limitation of measures applied for Small sign
stability and Voltage stability in power system (110-220) kV that supply power for Lao Cai,
Yen Bai, Phu Tho and Vinh Phuc when it is get power from China.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] L Vn t (2000), Phn tch v iu khin n nh H thng in, Nxb Khoa hc K thut,
H Ni.
[4] Trn Bch (2001), n nh ca H thng in, Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni.
[5] Ng Vn Dng (2001), Phn tch nhanh tnh n nh v xc nh gii hn truyn ti cng sut
trong H thng in hp nht c cc ng dy siu cao p, Lun n Tin s k thut, H Ni,
[6] Tng s pht trin in lc Vit Nam giai on 2001 - 2010 c xt trin vng n nm
2020 (TS V - n hiu chnh), Vin Nng lng, 2002.
[7] n ng dy 220kV H KhNu - Lo Cai ( n hiu chnh), Cng ty T vn Thit k
in 1, 2006.
[8] Edward Wilson Kimbark, Power System Stability Vol1&2, Mc.Graw-Hill,Inc
[9] P. kundur, Power System Stability and Control, Mc.Graw-Hill,Inc B. Gao
[10] Voltage Stability Analysis of Large Power System, University of Canada,1992.

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