CHNG 1

MC CH, PHM VI NG DNG & THUT NG VIT TT

1. S cn thit ca mng cp quang truy nhp.
Cng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca cc dch v bng rng, i hi c h thng
mng vi bng thng rng v tin cy cao ngy cng tr nn cp thit. Mng truy nhp
bng rng da trn h thng truy nhp xDSL vi khong cch ti khch hng nh hin
nay ang l r nhng hn ch nht nh v mt bng thng cng nh kh nng cung cp
cc dch v mi nh truy nhp Internet tc cao (HSI), IPTV/Triple Play, truyn hnh
c phn gii cao (HDTV), Game-online, u ni truyn dn cho cc trm BTS 2G/3G,
V vy, vic trin khai mng truy nhp cp quang l xu hng tt yu i vi mng truy
nhp bng rng ca VNPT H Ni trong giai on hin nay cng nh trong tng lai.
2. Mc ch v phm vi ng dng.
Xy dng mng cp quang truy nhp linh hot vi cc im truy nhp gn nh thu
bao nhm mc ch cung cp cc kt ni theo cu trc im - im (P2P - Point to Point),
im - a im ch ng (P2MP - Point to Multi Poin) hoc im - a im th ng
(PON - Passive Optical Network).
Trin khai mng cp quang truy nhp theo cc gii php FTTx (FTTH, FTTB,
FTTC,) kt hp cng ngh GPON nhm gim khong cch cp ng v a cp quang
ti nh thu bao. Trong giai on u, mng cp quang truy nhp trin khai ti cc khu
vc tp trung nhiu khch hng, bao gm:
- Cc khu cng nghip, khu vn phng, khu cng ngh cao.
- Trung tm hi ngh, hi ch, khu thng mi.
- Cc trng i hc, cao ng, vin nghin cu, bnh vin.
- Cc trung tm th thao, sn vn ng.
- Cc khu th mi, to nh cao tng c mt thu bao tp trung.
Giai on tip theo s trin khai ti tt c cc khu dn c v tng bc thay th dn
mng truy nhp ADSL trn a bn H Ni.
3. Danh mc cc k hiu v thut ng vit tt

- xDSL (xDigital Subscriber Line): Nhm cng ngh v tiu chun DSL dng truyn
d liu tc co trn i cp ng xon. x c th l vit tt ca: H, SH, I, V, A ty
thuc vo loi dch v s dng DSL.
- HSI (High Speed Internet): Dch v truy nhp Internet tc cao.
- IPTV (Internet Protocol Televison): Dch v truyn hnh s c cung cp qua mng
Internet.
- HDTV (High Definition Television): Dch v truyn hnh c phn gii cao.
- BTS (Base Transceiver Station): Trm thu pht sng gc mng di ng.
- P2P (Point to Point): Kt ni im - im.
- P2MP (Point to Multi Poin): Kt ni im - a im.
1

- FTTx (Fiber to the-x): kin trc mng s dng cp quang. x c th l vit tt ca

N-Node; C-Curb; B-Building; H-Home.
- ODN (Optical Distribution Network): Mng phn phi cp quang.
- AON (Active Optical Network): Mng truy nhp quang ch ng.
- GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network): mng truy nhp quang th ng tc
Gigabit.
- IP-DSLAM (Internet Protocol Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer): Thit
b tp trung ng truyn s dng cng ngh xDSL vi trung k hng ln s dng
cng ngh Ethernet.
- OLT (Optical Line Terminal): Thit b kt cui ng dy quang, t ti nh trm.
- ONU/ONT (Optical Network Unit/Optical Network Terminal): Thit b kt cui
mng, t ti nh khch hng.
- MDU (Multiple Dwelling Unit): Thit b kt cui dnh cho mt khu vc thu bao.
- ODF (Optical Distribution Frame): Gi u ni quang.
- DP (Distribution Point): im phn phi/r nhnh cp quang.
- AP (Access Point): im truy nhp mng
- ATB (Access Teminal Box): Hp u ni quang, t ti nh khch hng.
- FDT (Fiber Distribution Terminal): T phn phi quang.
- SM (Single Mode): n mt.
- Feeder Cable: Cp gc.
- Distribution Cable: Cp nhnh.
- Optical Drop Wire: Dy thu bao si quang.
- Splitter: Thit b chia ghp tn hiu quang.
- Loose Buffer Tube: Cu trc ng m lng
- Tight Buffer Tube : Cu trc m cht.
- Patch Cord: Dy nhy quang.
- Pigtail: Dy ni quang.

CHNG 2
2

CU TRC MNG PHN PHI CP QUANG FTTx - GPON

(ODN - Optical Distribution Network)
1. Cc cng ngh mng truy nhp quang.
Hin nay, mng truy nhp quang ca VNPT H Ni bao gm:
- Mng truy nhp quang ch ng (Active Optical Network - AON): s dng cc
thit b quang tch cc (Sw) v cung cp cc kt ni P2P thng qua i si quang kt
ni thng t thit b Switch t ti nh trm ti thit b IP-DSLAM hoc qua thit b
Switch t trung gian (cu trc mng MAN-E). Vi m hnh ny, cung cp dch
v bng rng ti mi khch hng s phi s dng i si quang kt ni. Do vy
nhu cu s dng si quang ln, chi ph u t, bo dng mng cp quang tng cao.

Hnh 1: Cng ngh truy nhp quang ch ng

- Mng truy nhp quang th ng (Passive Optical Network - PON): Vi vic s

dng cc thit b chia ghp th ng (splitter) ti cc im chia ghp tn hiu quang
gn vi thu bao, mng PON cho php gim dung lng si quang phi trin khai
trn mng, m bo tit kim chi ph u t thit b lp t ti nh trm v chi ph
u t, khai thc, bo dng trn ton mng li. Do vy, hin ti PON c xem l
gii php tt cho vic trin khai rng ri mng cp quang truy nhp.

Hnh 2: Cng ngh truy nhp quang th ng

Song song vi vic trin khai mng truy nhp quang AON, VNPT H Ni s tp
trung trin khai mng truy nhp quang GPON/GEPON nhm a cp quang ti tn nh
thu bao, p ng nhu cu s dng cc dch v bng rng, cht lng cao cho mi i
tng Khch hng ti nhiu khu vc trn a bn Tp H Ni.
Cu trc h thng truy nhp cp quang FTTH-PON:

OLT

CO.

Bao gm
ODF

Cp gc

ONT

AP

DP

Cp phi

Cp thu bao

Khong cch ti a:
20 km

Hnh 3: Cu trc mng truy nhp cp quang th ng

Thit b u
cui.
Bao gm c
u cm

Trong :
- Thit b kt cui ng dy (Optical Line Terminal - OLT): t ti nh trm VNPT.
- Thit b kt cui mng (Optical Network Terminal - ONT): t ti nh khch hng.
- Mng phn phi cp quang (Optical Distribution Network - ODN): mng ODN
cung cp cc knh truyn dn quang vt l gia OLT v ONT. Bao gm cp si
quang, u ni quang, thit b chia/ghp tn hiu quang (Splitter) v cc thit b ph
kin. Nh vy, mng ODN bao gm cc phn c bn:
+ Cp quang chnh: xut pht t gi u ni quang (ODF) t trong nh trm
n im phn phi/r nhnh quang (Distribution Point - DP).
+ Cp quang nhnh: xut pht t im phn phi/r nhnh (DP) n cc im
truy nhp quang gn nh thu bao (Access Point - AP).
+ Cp quang thu bao: xut pht t im truy nhp AP hoc im phn phi/r
nhnh DP n v tr u ni quang trong nh thu bao (ATB/Outlet - Access
Teminal Box).
+ Thit b chia ghp tn hiu quang (Splitter): t ti cc im phn phi/r
nhnh quang (DP) v im truy nhp quang (AP).

Hnh 4: Cc cu trc mng truy nhp cp quang FTTx

Tm li: Mng phn phi cp quang (ODN) l mt trong cc thnh phn chnh cu
thnh mng cp quang truy nhp FTTx. Mng phn phi quang l phn ca mng li
vin thng ch yu nm bn ngoi nh trm vin thng, bao gm cp si quang kt ni t
nt chuyn mch/im truy nhp n nh thu bao, gi u ni quang (ODF - Optical
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Distribution Frame), mng sng cp quang, t/hp cp quang, splitter, h thng cng b,
ct thng tin v cc ph kin mng quang.
2. Nguyn tc t chc mng phn phi cp quang FTTx - GPON.
2.1. Cc s c t chc mng phn phi cp quang (ODN).
Mng phn phi cp quang FTTx phi m bo thun li trong qun l, vn hnh v
khai thc; dung lng mng truy nhp quang phi p ng nhu cu kt ni bng rng
FTTx - PON cho cc Khch hng ti mc thi gian nh, sn sng m rng v m bo
hiu qu u t. Do vy, t chc mng phn phi cp quang phi da trn cc s c sau:
- Cu trc mng chuyn mch ca VNPT H Ni v phn vng phc v ca cc
tng i, cc CES v cc thit b OLT.
- Ph thuc vo mt dn c ca tng vng, tc tng trng thu bao bng
rng hng nm, c bit l cc dch v yu cu bng thng rng nh truy nhp
Internet tc cao, IpTV, Triple Play, HDTV,...
- Quy hoch pht trin cc khu th mi, cc trung tm thng mi, khu cng
nghip, khu cng ngh cao.
- Hiu qu kinh t trong vic u t xy dng v bo tr khai thc mng. m bo
mng cp quang sau khi u t phi c kh nng p ng c nhu cu cho 10 nm.
2.2. Nguyn tc phi cp.
- Tng chiu di tuyn cp quang t OLT n ONU/ONT khng qu 20 km.
- Trn mt tuyn kt ni t OLT n ONU/ONT ch lp t ti a 2 cp Splitter, m
bo tng s thu bao kt ni ti cng PON trn OLT 64.
- S dng cp quang loi SM, p ng cc tiu chun k thut ti ITU-T G.652D,
cp quang thu bao (Optical Drop Wire) phi tun th cc tiu chun k thut ti
khuyn ngh ca ITU-T G.657A/B.
- Cp chnh (Feeder Cable): ko t tng i Host c dung lng 96 Fo; t tng i
v tinh c dung lng 96 Fo hoc 48 Fo tu thuc vo nhu cu thc t ti tng khu
vc, u tin s dng cp quang dung lng 96 Fo.
- im phn phi cp quang (DP-Distribution Point): tu thuc tng trng hp c
th c th la chn mng sng (Closure) hoc t phn phi (FDT-Fiber Distribution
Terminal) phn phi v r nhnh cp vi u vo l cp chnh, u ra l cc cp
phi. C th nh sau:
+ Nu DP ch c chc nng phn phi, r nhnh cp v lp t Splitter dung
lng nh (Splitter loi 1:2, 1:4 hoc 1:8): s dng mng sng t ngm trong
b cp hoc treo trn ct tu thuc vo v tr, a hnh.
+ Nu DP bao gm c chc nng phn phi, r nhnh cp v lp t Splitter c
dung lng ln (Splitter loi 1:16, 1:32 v 1:64): s dng t phn phi (FDT)
lp t trn b hoc treo trn ct thng tin tu thuc vo v tr, a hnh.
- Cp nhnh (Distribution Cable): c ko t im phn phi, r nhnh cp (DP)
n cc im truy nhp mng (AP-Access Point). Cp quang nhnh c dung lng
24 Fo v 48 Fo, trng hp c bit ti cc khu vc ngoi thnh c th s dng cp
quang dung lng 12 Fo.
5

- im truy nhp (AP-Access Point) l im kt cui ca cp quang nhnh/im

xut pht ca cp quang thu bao. C th s dng mng sng hoc hp cp kt
cui cp.
- Dy thu bao quang (Optical Drop Wire): uc ko t im truy nhp (AP) hoc t
phn phi (FDT) n hp kt cui t ti nh thu bao (ATB-Access Terminal
Box/Outlet). Dy thu bao quang c dung lng 2 Fo, 4 Fo. Mt s trng hp c
bit, vi cc Khch hng nh Vn phng, Nh my, Trung tm Thng mi, trm
BTS, c th s dng cp quang thu bao c dung lng 8 Fo/12 Fo.
2.3. La chn Splitter v cc gii php lp t.
Cn c s lng thu bao d bo, v tr lp t la chn chng loi, dung lng
v gii php lp t ph hp. Trn mt tuyn kt ni t OLT t ti tng i n
ONU/ONT t ti Khch hng c th lp t ti a 2 cp Splitter sao cho tng s thu bao
kt ni ti cng PON ti OLT 64 thu bao (i vi cng ngh GPON) v 32 thu bao
(i vi cng ngh GE-PON).
2.3.1. Gii php lp t Splitter 1 cp.
- Lp t Splitter 1 cp khi ti khu vc lp t c s thu bao d bo nh sau: [32 <
S lng thu bao d bo 64] nu trin khai theo cng ngh GPON hoc [16 <
S lng thu bao d bo 32] nu trin khai theo cng ngh GE-PON . Vi gii
php ny, cng sut quang ch b chia tch mt ln, tt c cc dch v ca Khch hng
c truyn ti thng qua duy nht mt Splitter.

Hnh 5: Cu trc lp t Splitter 1 cp

- La chn chng loi v dung lng Splitter.

+ Dung lng 1:64 (i vi GPON) hoc 1:32 (i vi GE-PON).
+ Cu trc module, km dy nhy quang gn sn Connector loi SC/UPC.
+ Splitter c lp t trong t FDT v trong phng KT ca to nh cao tng.
- Tng suy hao ng truyn t OLT n ONU/ONT m bo 28 dB.
2.3.2. Gii php lp t Splitter 2 cp.
- Gii php ny c nhiu u im, h s suy hao nh, thun li trong vic kim tra
v bo dng mng cp quang, cu hnh cp quang linh hot v c th trin khai
trong khu vc rng nh khu thng mi cng nh khu vc thu bao khng tp
trung. Vi gii php ny, cng sut quang b chia tch hai ln, tt c cc dch v ca
Khch hng c truyn ti thng qua hai cp Splitter.
6

- Tu thuc vo s lng thu bao ti mi khu vc, c im a hnh la chn

cu trc, dung lng v chng loi Splitter ph hp sao cho tng s thu bao/cng
PON trn OLT 64 thu bao (i vi GPON) hoc 32 thu bao (i vi GEPON). Thng thng, cc cp Splitter c la chn nh sau:
+ Splitter cp 1 c dung lng: 1:2; 1:4; 1:8.
+ Splitter cp 2 c dung lng tng ng: 1:32; 1:16; 1:8 km dy nhy quang
gn sn Connector loi SC/UPC.
+ Splitter cp 1 lp t ti im DP l mng sng, splitter cp 2 phi c lp
t ti im tp trung nhiu thu bao. Trng hp c Splitter cp 1 (loi 1:2;
1:4; 1:8) v 1 Splitter cp 2 tng ng (loi 1:32; 1:16; 1:8) t cng ti v tr
th la chn DP l t FDT. Splitter cp 1 c kt ni vi Splitter cp 2 bng
mi hn nhit gim bt suy hao trn ng truyn.
V d: Splitter cp l loi 1:2 th Splitter cp 2 l loi 1:32; hoc nu Splitter cp 1
l loi 1:4 th Splitter cp 2 l loi 1:16.

Splitter cp 1
1:16

OLT

Splitter cp 1
1:4
Splitter cp 2
1:16

Hnh 6: Cu trc lp t Splitter 2 cp

2.4. Cc gii php cho mng FTTH.

2.4.1. Trin khai FTTH ti cc to chung c c mt dn s cao, cc ta nh
vn phng.
i vi cc to nh cao tng c mt thu bao ln, c th trin khai mng FTTH
theo cc cu trc sau:
- Cu trc Splitter 1 cp: p dng i vi cc to nh c s thu bao 64.
+ Trng hp 1: Splitter s c lp t ti tng hm (phng k thut). Dy
thu bao quang s c ko trc tip t Splitter n ATB/Outlet ti nh Khch
hng. Ph hp cho vic trin khai ti cc ta nh thp tng, cc ta nh cha
trin khai mng cp quang ni b.

Splitter 1:64

Hnh 7: Cu trc lp t Splitter 1 cp dng 1

+ Trng hp 2: Splitter lp t ti tng hm (phng KT). Trin khai cp

nhnh u ni t Splitter n cc hp cp (AP) t ti cc tng, dy thu bao
quang c ko t cc hp cp n ATB t ti nh Khch hng. Cu trc ny
ph hp vi cc ta nh c mt thu bao thp v thun tin cho vic trin
khai cung cp dch v, sa cha cng nh bo dng mng li, p dng ti
cc ta nh do VNPT H Ni cung cp dch v vin thng v xy dng mng
ni b, mng dy thu bao cp ng, cp quang.

Splitter Nx(1:64)

Hnh 8: Cu trc lp t Splitter 1 cp dng 2

8

- Cu trc Splitter 2 cp: splitter cp 1 t ti tng hm (phng KT) v c u

ni vi splitter cp 2 thng qua mng cp ph trin khai ln cc tng. Cp quang
thu bao s c ko t Splitter cp 2 n ATB t ti nh Khch hng. Cu trc
ny c trin khai ti cc to nh cao tng c dung lng thu bao tng ng cc
cu trc u ni spliter 1:2 + 1:32, 1:4 + 1:16, 1:8 + 1:8.

Drop cable

Splitter cp 2

Distribution cable

Splitter cp 2

Distribution cable entry building

Splitter cp 1

Hnh 9: Cu trc lp t Splitter 2 cp

2.4.2. Trin khai FTTx ti cc khu th tp trung nhiu ta nh cao tng.

Ti cc khu th mi, thng tp trung nhiu ta chung c cao tng. Ngoi vic
trin khai mng cp ng cung cp cc dch v POTS, ADSL s phi trin khai ng thi
mng FTTx cung cp cc dch v bng rng, cht lng cao ti cc Khch hng c
nhu cu. Trng hp ny, c th trin khai theo 3 phng thc: FTTC, FTTB v FTTH.
Ty thuc vo mt bng lp t, kh nng trin khai la chn phng thc ph hp;
u tin trin khai theo phng thc FTTH, FTTB. Phng thc FTTC ch trin khai khi
khng c v tr lp t thit b ONU trong cc ta nh.
- Phng thc FTTC: trin khai cp quang ti gn cm thu bao v lp t thit b
MSAN/IP-DSLAM/MDU, cho php cung cp cc dch v cho mt cm thu bao
vi bn knh cp ng tnh t MSAN/IP-DSLAM/MDU n Khch hng thng
thng t khong 500 m n 1.500 m m bo bng thng, cht lng dch v.
- Phng thc FTTB: trin khai cp quang ti tng hm (phng KT) ca ta nh v
lp t ONU lin k vi t cp ng cung cp cc kt ni VDSL2 ti Khch hng
thng qua mng cp ng, dung lng thu bao tng ng s port VDSL2 ca
ONU.
- Phng thc FTTH: c th trin khai theo 2 gii php:
+ Lp t Splitter 1 cp: Splitter c lp t ti im FDT. FDT t ti v tr
thch hp phn phi/r nhnh cp n cc ta nh. p dng ti cc khu
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th c mt cc ta nh cao tng tp trung, nm lin k nhau, tng s thu

bao c nhu cu s dng cc dch v FTTH 64.

Tng i

Splitters

Hnh 10: Cu trc lp t Splitter 1 cp

+ Hoc lp t Splitter theo 2 cp: Splitter cp 1 t ti FDT v splitter cp 2

s t ti tng ta nh. p dng ti cc khu th c mt cc ta nh cao
tng tp trung, nm lin k nhau v c dung lng thu bao tng ng cc cu
trc u ni spliter 1:2 + 1:32, 1:4 + 1:16, 1:8 + 1:8.

10

Tng i

Hnh 11: Cu trc lp t Splitter 2 cp

2.4.3. Trin khai FTTH ti cc khu bit th, nh lin k.

Ty thuc vo mt thu bao v nng lc h thng cng b ti tng khu vc, c
th la chn cc cu trc mng sau.
- Cu trc Splitter 1 cp: p dng cho cc khu vc c mt thu bao tp trung v
h thng cng b m bo nng lc. Dy thu bao quang c th lp t ngm trong
h thng cng b/ganivo hoc treo trn h thng ct.

Hnh 12: Cu trc Splitter 1 cp

- Cu trc Splitter 2 cp: p dng cho cc khu vc c mt thu bao phn tn, h
thng cng b m bo nng lc ko cp. Dy thu bao quang c th lp t ngm
trong h thng cng b/ganivo hoc treo trn h thng ct.

11

Hnh 13: Cu trc Splitter 2 cp

2.5. Cch thc kt cui dy thu bao quang (Optical Drop Wire) ti nh Khch
hng.
- Ti cc khu nh ring l, lin k v bit th:
+ S dng dy thu bao quang dung lng 2 Fo, ko t Splitter hoc t hp cp
(AP) t ngoi tri theo h thng cng b/ganivo hoc h thng ct ti hp kt
cui (ATB/Outlet) t ti nh thu bao.
+ Dy thu bao quang s dng loi c cu trc ng m lng (Loose Buffer Tube).
+ Hp ATB/Outlet t trong nh thu bao, cch mt sn khong 30 cm n 40 cm
v c gn trn tng.
+ Dy thu bao quang phi c lun trong ng gen nha, m bo bn knh un
cong v c kt ni vi dy pigtail lp trong hp ATB/Outlet bng hn nhit
hoc gn lun dy thu bao quang vi u ni connector.
+ Thit b ONT c kt ni ti hp kt cui ATB/Outlet bng dy nhy quang
Patch cord.
- Ti cc ta nh cao tng, vn phng.
+ S dng dy thu bao quang Indoor loi 2 Fo ko t Splitter hoc t hp cp
(AP) t ti phng k thut hoc hnh lang ta nh theo h thng gen nha chn
ngm trong tng hoc gn ni ti hp ATB/Outlet t ti v tr lp t thit b ca
Khch hng (i vi cc ta nh do VNPT trin khai xy dng h tng mng vin
thng s lp t hp ATB/Outlet ti phng khch ca mi cn h).
+ Hp ATB/Outlet c gn trn tng, cch sn nh khong 30 cm n 40 cm.
Dy thu bao quang c kt ni vi dy ni quang (pigtail) lp trong hp
ATB/Outlet bng hn nhit hoc gn lun dy thu bao quang vi u ni
connector.
+ Thit b ONT c kt ni ti hp kt cui ATB/Outlet bng dy nhy quang
(Patch cord).
+ Dy thu bao quang lp t ti cc ta nh cao tng: s dng loi Indoor Cable
c cu trc ng m cht (Tight Buffer Tube) nhm m bo linh hot v suy
hao do bn knh un cong l nh nht.

12

Hnh 14: Lp t dy thu bao quang ti nh Khch hng.

13

CHNG 3
TNH TON SUY HAO NG TRUYN
m bo tc , bng thng th khong cch t OLT - t ti nh trm ca VNPT
H Ni n ONU/ONT - t ti nh Khch hng v suy hao ng truyn phi p ng cc
yu cu ca cng ngh GPON (ITU-T G984.2), c th nh sau:
- Khong cch ti a t OLT n ONT/ONU: 20 km.
- Suy hao ng truyn t OLT n ONT/ONU: 28dB.
Nh vy, khong cch v suy hao ng truyn l 2 tham s cn phi tnh ton khi
xut v thit k mng FTTx-GPON. Suy hao cng sut quang lin quan n chng loi
Splitter, s lng im ni (mi hn, connector) v chiu di cp quang t OLT n
ONT/ONU. Tng suy hao trn ng truyn dn quang bao gm: suy hao ca cp quang, suy
hao ca cc im ni, suy hao ca splitter.
4.1. Cc tham s suy hao.
Name
Connection point

Optical Splitter

Optical fiber (G.652D)

Optical fiber (G.657A/B)

Type
Mi ni c kh (Mechanical splicing)
Mi hn nhit (Fusion splicing)
Connector SC/UPC
1:2
1:4
1:8
1:16
1:32
1:64
1310 nm (1 km)
1550 nm (1 km)
1310 nm (1 km)
1550 nm (1 km)

Average
Attenuation (dB)
0,2 dB
0,1 dB
0,3 dB
3,5 dB
7,5 dB
10,5 dB
13,5 dB
17 dB
20,5 dB
0,35 dB
0,21 dB
0,38 dB
0,25 dB

4.2. Cng thc tnh suy hao trn ng truyn quang.

Suy hao trn ng truyn cp quang = L*a + n1*b + n2*c + n3*d + e + f (dB) 28
dB.
Trong :
- a: suy hao trung bnh ca si quang trn 1 km (dB/km).
- L: tng chiu di tuyn cp quang (km) khng bao gm suy hao ca dy pigtail v
patch cord.
- b: suy hao ti mi hn nhit (dB).
- n1: s lng mi hn nhit.
- c: suy hao ti mi ni c kh (dB).
- n2: s lng mi ni c kh.
- n3: suy hao ti connector (dB).
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- d: s lng connector.
- e: suy hao ti splitter (dB). Trng hp ng truyn c 2 cp Splitter e s l tng suy
hao ca 2 loi Splitter.
- f: suy hao d phng (dB), thng thng c tnh l 3dB.
Trong qu trnh thit k mng FTTx-GPON, cn phi tnh ton suy hao cng sut quang
trn ton tuyn t trm OLT n v tr lp t ONU/ONT xa nht theo d kin (trng hp
cha lp t cp quang thu bao c th d kin chiu di cp quang thu bao khong 500 m)
nhm p ng cc thng s k thut ca mng ODN.
V d: Tnh tng suy hao quang trn ng truyn c 2 cp Splitter vi tng chiu di
cp quang nh sau:
- Tng chiu di cp quang chnh + ph: 2,5 km.
- Chiu di cp quang thu bao: 0,5 km.

Hnh 15: S u ni tuyn quang t OLT n ONT

suy hao trn ng truyn = 2,5*0,35 + 0,5*0,38 + 6*0,1 + 0,2 + 14*0,3 + 3,5 + 17 + 3
= 26 dB < 28 dB.
Nh vy, suy hao trn ng truyn trn m bo ch tiu k thut yu cu.
4.3. Quy nh v chiu di cp quang v s lng mng sng u ni thng trn
tuyn cp quang t OLT n ONT/ONU.

Vi cc tham s suy hao nh trn, khi thit k mng FTTx-GPON cn phi xem xt,
la chn chiu di tuyn cp quang v s lng cc mi hn, ni cho php nhm m bo
cht lng cc dch v bng rng cung cp cho Khch hng.
Gi s chiu di ti a dy thu bao quang t im AP ti Khch hng l 1.000 m;
s dng 2 cp Splitter (1:2+1:32). Tng suy hao qua 2 cp Splitter, suy hao qua cc
connector ti im ODF, DP, AP v ATB l: 3,5 + 17 + 0,38 + 12*0,3 = 24,5 dB. Nh
vy, tng suy hao cho php cn li trn ton tuyn cp quang chnh, nhnh v mng sng
l: 28 - 24,5 = 3,5 dB.

Mi tng quan gia chiu di tuyn cp quang chnh, nhnh v s lng mi hn

nhit/mng sng vi qu suy hao cho php (3,5 dB).
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

chiu di tuyn cp quang

suy hao cp

mi hn

suy hao cho

chnh, nhnh (km)

1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
7,5
8,0
8,5
9,0
9,5
10,0

quang (dB)
0,350
0,525
0,700
0,875
1,050
1,225
1,400
1,575
1,750
1,925
2,100
2,275
2,450
2,625
2,800
2,975
3,150
3,325
3,500

nhit/mng sng
32
30
28
27
25
23
21
20
18
16
14
13
11
9
7
6
4
2
0

php (dB)
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB
3,5 dB

Nh vy, vi chiu di tuyn cp quang (chnh + nhnh) < 8,0 km th s lng mng
sng hn ni trn ton tuyn cha cn xem xt n. i vi cc tuyn quang c chiu di
t 8,5 km n 10 km, trong qu trnh thit k, sa cha v nng cp mng FTTx - GPON
cn phi quan tm, xem xt cc tham s trn.
Tuy nhin, m bo cht lng dch v v thun li trong cng tc qun l, bo
dng mng, quy nh s lng mng sng u ni thng lin tip trn mt tuyn cp
quang chnh hoc trn mt tuyn cp quang nhnh khng qu 3 ci.
VIN THNG H NI

16

TP ON BU CHNH VIN THNG VIT NAM

VIN THNG H NI

NGUYN TC T CHC MNG FTTx - GPON

(HNG MC: MNG PHN PHI CP QUANG)

H Ni - 06/2010

17

MC LC
Chng 1. Mc ch v phm vi ng dng.........................................................................
1. S cn thit ca mng cp quang truy nhp........................................................................
2. Mc ch v phm vi ng dng...........................................................................................
Chng 2. Cu trc mng cp quang phn phi FTTx-GPON.......................................
1. Cc cng ngh mng truy nhp quang................................................................................
2. Nguyn tc t chc mng phn phi cp quang FTTx - GPON.........................................
2.1. Cc s c t chc mng phn phi cp quang (ODN).....................................................4
2.2. Nguyn tc phi cp........................................................................................................5
2.3. La chn Splitter v cc gii php lp t.......................................................................5
2.3.1. Gii php lp t Splitter 1 cp.....................................................................................6
2.3.2. Gii php lp t Splitter 2 cp.....................................................................................
2.4. Cc gii php cho mng FTTH (Fiber To The Home).....................................................
2.4.1. Trin khai FTTH ti cc khu chung c c mt dn s cao.......................................
2.4.2. Trin khai FTTx ti cc khu th tp trung nhiu ta chung c cao tng..................9
2.4.3. Trin khai FTTH ti cc khu bit th, nh lin k......................................................12
2.5. Cch thc kt cui cp quang thu bao ti nh Khch hng..........................................12
Chng 3. Tnh ton suy hao ng truyn.....................................................................14
4.1. Cc tham s suy hao.......................................................................................................14
4.2. Cng thc tnh ton suy hao...........................................................................................14
4.3. Quy nh chiu di cp quang v s lng mng sng u ni thng trn ton tuyn
cp quang t OLT n ONT/ONU........................................................................................15

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