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Gii hn ca dy s
1.1
nh ngha
1.2
nh l c bn
1.3
Cc gii hn c bn
1. lim
1
= 0, > 0
n
3. lim n a = 1, a > 0
1
4. lim
5. lim
np = 1, p 0
np
= 0, a > 0, p
(1 + a)n
np
= 0, p
en
1
7. lim(1 + )n = e
n
1
8. lim(1 )n = e1
n
6. lim
lnp n
= 0, > 0, p
n
n
=e
10. lim
n
n!
9. lim
1.4
V d
1.4.1
V d 1
a n
a
) , yn = (1 + )n+1 , n N.
n
n
1. Chng minh : (xn )n l dy tng, (yn )n l dy gim.
Vi a > 0, cho xn = (1 +
a n+1
a
)
1
+
a
a
n+1
n + 1 )n = (1 + a )(1
= (1 +
)(
)n
a n
a
n
+
1
n
+
1
(n
+
1)(n
+
a)
(1 + )
1+
n
n
a
na
a2
(1 +
)[1
]=1+
>1
n+1
(n + 1)(n + a)
(n + 1)2 (n + a)
(1 +
Vy (xn )n l dy tng.
Tng t :
a n+1
)
yn
a 1
a
n
=
= (1 +
) [1 +
]n+1
a
n+2
yn+1
n+1
n(n + 1 + a)
(1 +
)
n+1
a
(n + 1)a
(n + 1)a
(1
)(1 +
)1+
>1
n+1+a
n(n + 1 + a)
n(n + 1 + a)2
(1 +
Vy (yn )n l dy gim.
2
2. Ta c :
(1 + a) = x1 x2 ... xn yn ... y1 = (1 + a)2
Vy (xn )n l dy tng, b chn trn ; (yn )n l dy gim, b chn di, chng hi t. t
a
lim xn = lim yn = lim(1 + )n = ea
n
1.4.2
V d 2
Cho (xn )n nh bi : x1 =
chn trn. Tnh lim xn
2, xn+1 =
Gii :
Ta c : xn 0, n v
xn+1 xn =
2 + xn xn 2
2 + xn xn =
2 + xn + xn
V d 3
3n+1 [1 + (2/3 )n+1 ]
3n+1 + 2n
=
lim
=3
3n + 2n
3n [1 + (2/3 )n ]
1.4.4
V d 4
Vy lim
r
an + b n + c n = a
b
c
n
1 + ( )n + ( )n a 3
a
a
an + bn + cn = max{a, b, c}
1.4.5
V d 5
Tnh lim n n2 2n + 3n
n2
n2
Do lim
= 0 nn c n0 N sao cho
< 1, n n0 .
(3/2 )n
(3/2 )n
Vi n n0 , ta c :
s
n2
n
n
3 n2 2n + 3n = 3 n 1 +
3
2
n
(3/2 )
Do nh l gii hn kp lim n n2 2n + 3n = 3
3
1.4.6
V d 6
)|
n2 + 1 + n
n2 + 1 + n
Vy lim sin( n2 + 1) = 0
BI TP
Tnh cc gii hn sau
1. lim( n2 + 5 n2 + 3)
2. lim
n sin n
n2 + 1
3. lim
an b n
, a, b > 0
an + b n
2n
2n
2.2...2.2
4
( HD:
=
)
n!
n!
1.2....(n 1).n
n
6. lim
n2
n!
8. Tnh lim n( n e 1)
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
Tnh
1 n
1 n
) < e < (1
) , n
n
n1
n
ln n
)]
HD : n = exp[ n ln 2(1
n ln 2
2
lnn
Do lim
= 0 nn lim(ln n n ln 2) = . Suy ra vi mi A > 0, c n0 N sao
n ln 2
n
n
cho vi n n0 th n eA . Vy lim n = 0
2
2