Cu 12: nh ngha: vaccin la ch phm cha cc khng nguyn c kh nng

to min dch ch ng v c hiu phng bnh do vsv gy nn

Bn cht c th l:
- Vaccin sng- gim ng lc
- Cht nhng vn gi c tnh sinh min dch
- Cc thnh phn khng nguyn ca ca vsv
*, phn tch tiu chun vaccin- tiu chun no l quan trng nht- ti sao ?
1. an ton : vaccin l tng khi s dng phi :
+, Khng gy bnh
+, khng c=> liu s dng phi thp hn liu gy c
+, khng gy phn ng
Khi sn xut cn phi c c quan kim nh nh nc kim tra cht ch cc
tiu ch :
v trng : khng c nhim cc vsv khc nht l vsv gy bnh
thun khit : khng c ln cc thnh phn khng nguyn khc c th gy
ra nhng phn ng ph bt li ngoi khng nguyn a vo kch thch c th
p ng min dch chng vsv gy bnh
c tnh : liu s dng phi thp hn liu gy c
D an ton l mt tiu chun cn c nahs gi cht ch, v khi an
ton khng m bo rt c th gy nn nhng phn ng nguy him nh
hng n tnh mng : sc, t vong
Tuy nhi thc t : khng c vaccin no t c an ton tuyt i, tt
c vaccin u c th gy ra phn ng ph do cn c nhng bin php
kim tra, kim sot cht ch hn ch mc thp nht phn ng v bin
php cp cu khi xy ra phn ng
2. hiu lc : vaccin c hiu lc ln l vaccin gy c min dch mc
cao v tn ti trong mt thi gian di, Hiu lc gy min dch ca vaccin
c nh gi trn ng vt th nghim v thc a
- trn ng vt : xc nh mc dng tnh ca phn ng da v t l ng
vt c tim chng sng st sau khi s dng vaccin
- trn thc a : tt c vaccin u phi c th trn thc a : vaccin c
tim chng cho mt cng ng. Theo di thng k tt c cc phn ng ph,
v nh gi kh nng bo v khi min dch ti

3. cso tnh khng nguyn : l kh nng kch thch c th to thnh khng

th=> khng c : vaccin khng to nn p ng, khng c tc dng iu tr
- tnh khng nguyn mnh : khi a vo 1 ln siinh ra nhiu khng th
- tnh khng nguyn yu : phi a vo nhiu ln or km theo t dc mi
sinh c mt t khng th
4. c tnh min dch : vaccin phi gy ra 1 p ng min dch ri to ra tr
nh min dch c hiu, to ra hiu qu khng cho c th v sau khi tc
nhn gy bnh vi y c tnh xm nhp
*, tiu chun quan trng nht : an ton
V : bn cht vaccin l mt ch phm dng trong phng bnh do vsv gy
bnh m cha c min dch, nhng bnh c nguy c cao to thnh i dch
nh hng n cng ng vi i tng cn c bit quan tm n tim
chng vaccin l tr em. Nu mt vaccin khng c kim sot an ton
+, s gy nn nhng phn ng ph nguy him cho tr, k kp cu cha s gy
nn hu qu hng lot m nng n nht l t vong ;
+, khng an ton s lm cho i tng t bnh thng c th b nhim bnh