Mc lc

1 Tng quan v my CNC v kt cu my CNC

1.1 Khi nim my cng c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Khi nim my CNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Kt cu my CNC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1 Kt cu ca my CNC v my cng c truyn thng
1.3.2 H thng dn hng trong my CNC . . . . . . . . .

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1
1
2
2
2
7

2 Tnh ton la chn ray dn hng

2.1 C s tnh ton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.1 Kh nng ti tnh (C0 ) . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2 Momen tnh cho php M0 . . . . . . . . .
2.1.3 H s an ton tnh fs . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.4 Kh nng ti ng C . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.5 Tnh ton tui th danh ngha L . . . . .
2.1.6 Tnh ton tui th lm vic theo thi gian
2.1.7 Tnh ton ti trng lm vic . . . . . . . .
2.1.8 Tnh ton ti trng tng ng . . . . .
2.2 Tnh chn ray dn hng bn X,Y . . . . . . . .
2.2.1 Cc thng s ban u . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2.2 Tnh chn ray dn hng . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Tnh ti tng ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3.1 Trong chuyn ng nhanh dn qua tri . .
2.3.2 Trong chuyn ng chm dn qua tri . .
2.3.3 Trong chuyn ng nhanh dn qua phi .
2.3.4 Trong chuyn ng chm dn qua phi . .
2.3.5 Tnh h s ti tnh . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 Tnh ti trng trung bnh trn mi carriage . . .
2.5 Tnh ton tui th danh ngha . . . . . . . . . .

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9
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24
25
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30
32

3 Tnh ton la chn cm trc vt me bi

3.1 Trc X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1 Thng s u vo . . . . . . . .
3.1.2 Bc vt me . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.3 Tnh lc ct chnh ca my . .
3.1.4 iu kin lm vic: . . . . . . .
3.1.5 Chn trc vt . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.6 Chn ln . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Tnh chn cho trc Y . . . . . . . . . .
1

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3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.2.5
3.2.6

Thng s u vo . . . . . .
Bc vt me . . . . . . . . .
Tnh lc ct chnh ca my
iu kin lm vic: . . . . .
Chn trc vt . . . . . . . .
Chn ln . . . . . . . . .

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4 La chn ng c
4.1 Trc X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1.1 Momen qun tnh . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1.2 Momen pht ng . . . . . . . . . .
4.1.3 Chn dng c . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1.4 Kim tra thi gian t tc ti a
4.1.5 Tnh ton ng sut tc dng ln trc
4.1.6 Mat on dinh . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Trc Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.1 Momen qun tnh . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.2 Momen pht ng . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.3 Chn dng c . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2.4 Kim tra thi gian t tc ti a
4.2.5 Tnh ton ng sut tc dng ln trc

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32
33
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37

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40
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Tm tt ni dung
Hin nay, khoa hc cng ngh ngy cng pht trin, v vy vic ng dng cc k thut tin
tin vo sn xut nhm to ra nhng sn phm c nng sut, cht lng cao, m gi thnh
chp nhn c ngy cng tr nn cn thit, c bit i vi nhng nc ang pht trin nh
Vit nam. ng gp vo s pht trin nhanh chng ca khoa hc cng ngh trong thi gian
gn y, t ng ho sn xut c vai tr rt quan trng. Nhn thc c iu ny, trong chin
lc cng nghip ho v hin i ho nn kinh t, cng ngh t ng c u tin u t pht
trin. cc nc c nn cng nghip pht trin, t ng ho cc ngnh kinh t k thut trong
c c kh ch to c thc hin t nhng nm trc y. Mt trong nhng vn quyt
nh ca t ng ho ngnh c kh ch to l k thut iu khin s v cng ngh trn cc my
iu khin s. Cc my cng c iu khin s c dng ph bin nc pht trin nh NC
v CNC trong nhng nm gn y c nhp vo Vit nam v c s dng rng ri ti
cc vin nghin cu v cc cng ty lin doanh. My cng c iu khin s hin i (my CNC)
l cc thit b in hnh cho sn xut t ng, c trng cho ngnh c kh t ng.Vy lm
ch c cng ngh cn lm ch c cc thit b quan trng v in hnh. My pha CNC l
mt trong nhng thnh tu ca tin b khoa hc k thut trn th gii. N ngy cng c
ng dng rng ri trong ch to my, c bit trong lnh vc c kh chnh xc v t ng ha.
S ra i ca my CNC gii quyt c nhng nhim v cp bch hin nay l t ng ho
qu trnh sn xut v nht l sn xut hng lot nh, sn xut linh hot. ti ny i su vo
vic tm hiu ,thit k v m phng my phay CNC nhm ng dng vo hc tp, ging dy v
nghin cu. n c phn thnh 5 chng :

Chng 1
Tng quan v my CNC v kt cu
my CNC
1.1

Khi nim my cng c

Trong lch s pht trin ca x hi loi ngi, phc v cho cuc sng con ngi phi
s dng i bn tay cng sc khe ca mnh lao ng, to ra cc cng c, vt.... h
tr cho i bn tay, con ngi ch to ra cng c lao ng cm tay thc hin nhng qu trnh
n l ri rc nhng vn s dng sc ngi, t cc loi , ru th s cho ti cc cng c hin
i nh ba, tua vt, ca , c.... Theo thi gian, yu cu cng vic ngy cng i hi nhiu
cng sc, tc cng nh chnh xc dn ti hnh thnh cc loi my thay con ngi thc
hin cc qu trnh cng ngh nng nhc m sc ngi khng lm c, s dng ngun nng
lng t bn ngoi, hnh thnh khi nim my cng c. Cc my cng c truyn thng ch
yu do con ngi iu khin nh chuyn ng, vn tc, nn thi gian ph kh ln, ph thuc
vo ngi th vn hnh. gim thi gian ph, cc my cng c a c kh nng t ng ha
bng cc mu t, cam trn trc phn phi, mt cam c nh hnh iu khin khi lng
chuyn ng lin kt v tc m cam quay iu khin tc cp dao, hay c cu con cc
iu chnh bc tin trong my bo... tuy nhin chun b cho mt t sn xut rt phc
tp, tn thi gian,ch thch hp vi sn xut lot ln v t c thay i theo thi gian, khng
p ng c yu cu sn xut cng nh s thay i lin tc v sn phm. Chnh v vy, t
ra yu cu v my cng c c nng sut cao, kh nng iu khin linh hot hn. Ban u cc
my t ng c iu khin bng u c bng t, ng c c iu khin nh cc ch dn
xung in ca bng t pht ra khi c v tr cc bng giy c l. Cc xung in c qun l
n gin bi my tnh khng c b nh. Chng c gi l cc my NC hay my iu khin
s. My NC c nhng nhc im nh kh sa cha, hiu chnh chng trnh, bng giy dc
l khng bn, h thng cng knh phc tp....
Bn cnh s pht trin ca cng ngh bn dn khin vi x l my tnh pht trin mnh,
cc my CNC ra i khc phc cc khuyt im trn nh kh nng c hng ngn cc bit nh
phn lu trong b nh, cho php giao tip, chnh sa nhanh chng chnh xc. Vy my cng
c l cng c phc v cc qu trnh cng ngh di dng my mc m sc ngi khng lm
c.

Hnh 1.1: Bng c l

1.2

Khi nim my CNC

CNC vit tt cho Computer Numerical Control c th hiu l iu khin s bng my tnh
cc my mc sn xut. S xut hin ca cc my CNC nhanh chng thay i vic sn xut
cng nghip. Cc chi tit c b mt phc tp c thc hin d dng, gim thiu ti a cc
thao tc ca con ngi. Qua , cht lng cng nh nng sut sn phm c nng cao. My
CNC c nhng c im vt tri so vi cc my gia cng khc:
Gia cng c nhiu chi tit phc tp hn.
Thi gian lu thng ngn hn do tp trung nguyn cng cao hn v gim thi gian ph.
Tnh t ng ha. linh hot cao hn.
Ph phm t.
Hiu sut cao
Gim s lng nhn cng.
Cc loi my CNC ph bin ngy nay:
My phay CNC.
My tin CNC.
My khoan tia la in CNC.

1.3
1.3.1

Kt cu my CNC
Kt cu ca my CNC v my cng c truyn thng

Ging nhau
Cu trc tng th: Ni chung tng t nhau,cng s dng bn my hnh ch thp nhm
nng cao cng vng cho my.
Dng gia cng ch to cc chi tit.

S khc nhau gia my CNC v my cng c truyn thng.

Cc c cu truyn dn:
cc my cng c truyn thng, to cc ng chuyn ng phc tp cc c cu chp hnh
c lin kt vi nhau bng cc c cu c kh to mi quan h ng hc, to nn nhiu xch
truyn ng phc tp, trong kh , cc trc ca my CNC c cc trc chuyn ng hon ton
c lp c th lp trnh bng my tnh, qua lm n gin v mt kt cu c kh, ch cn 2
xch ng hc: ct gt, chy dao.

Hnh 1.2: S kt cu ng hc my phay ren vt

Hnh 1.3: Xch ng hc trong my CNC

Tiu ch
Vo chng trnh
Kp phi
Thay dao
chnh xc
Di chuyn bn my

My cc truyn thngs
Khng c
Bng tay
Bng tay
thp
Bng tay quay c kh
3

My CNC
T bn phm
T ng
T ng bng c cu thay dao
Cao
Dng nt bm hoc lp trnh.

(a) Sng trt

(b) Rnh mang c

Hnh 1.4: V d h dn hng trong my cng c truyn thng

H thng dn hng:
Trong cc my cng c truyn thng nh cc my tin vn nng, my bo .. thng s dng
sng trt gn lin vi thn my hoc rnh mang c trong my bo.... c im chung l h
thng dn hng u gn vi thn my.
Trong cc my CNC ngy nay, h thng ng hng c tiu chun ha, c module
thnh cc cm ring sn xut vi s lng ln, qua gip thay i sa cha d dng, gim
gi thnh.

Hnh 1.5: Ray dn hng trong my CNC

Trong my cng c truyn thng thng bin i chuyn ng bng c cu vt me ai c c

h s ma st ln nn hiu sut thp nn trong cc my CNC c cu vit me bi thng c s
dng.
S khc nhau ca ngun ng lc:
My cng c truyn thng thng s dng ng c 3 pha cn my CNC ngy ny thng s
dng ng c AC servo vi h thng iu khin hi tip kn. Tn hiu ra ca ng c c ni
vi mt mch iu khin. Khi ng c quay, vn tc v v tr s c hi tip v mch iu
khin ny. Nu c bt k l do no ngn cn chuyn ng quay ca ng c, c cu hi tip s
nhn thy tn hiu ra cha t c v tr mong mun. Mch iu khin tip tc chnh sai lch
cho ng c t c im chnh xc.

Hnh 1.6: ng c servo v mch iu khin

My CNC gm 2 khi chnh l: Khi chp hnh v khi iu khin.
Khi iu khin: cc loi ng c, cc h thng iu khin v my tnh trung tm.
Khi chp hnh: my, thn my, bn my, bn xoay, trc vt me bi, tch dng c,
cm trc chnh v bng dn hng.

Hnh 1.7: Kt cu my CNC

1. Thn my v my: Bn trong thn my cha cc b phn, h thng ca my. my

c tc dng to s cn bng, n nh cho my. V vy, thn v phi c cng
vng cao, c gim chn. Mc ch m bo chnh xc cho my
2. Bn my: l ni g t chi tit, phi c cng vng cao v c iu khin chnh xc
to c bin dng cn thit.

Hnh 1.8: Bn my c th xoay

3. Cm trc chnh: l ni lp dng c ct, chuyn ng quay sinh ra lc ct gt.

Hnh 1.9: Cm trc chnh

Cc dng iu khin trc chnh:

Hnh 1.10: Cc dng iu khin trc chnh

4. Bng dn hng: H thng thanh trt dn hng c nhim v dn hng cho cc chuyn
ng ca my.

Hnh 1.11: Ray dn hng

5. Trc vt me, ai c: c cng dng dn ng t ng c to chuyn ng cho my.
6. tch dng c: cha nhiu dao khc nhau ph hp vi tng qu trnh gia cng.
6

1.3.2

H thng dn hng trong my CNC

Nguyn l dn ng trong my CNC l bin i chuyn ng quay ca ng c thnh chuyn

ng tnh tin ca bn my theo cc trc kt hp vi cc h thng o lng dch chuyn
iu chnh chnh xc. Vai tr ca h thng dn hng l dn ng cho bn my theo cc trc
x,y v chuyn ng ln xung theo trc z ca trc chnh, to nn qu o mong mun. V vy
h thng dn hng phi t c nhng yu cu sau:
Phi c kh nng dn ng chnh xc, thng cao.
Cc trc truyn dn khng c c khe h, gim ti a hin tng stick-slip (hin tng
dnh - trt do ma st).
t hiu sut cao, hot ng m i tc cao.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh, cc trc truyn ng phi chu lc ct, lc qun tnh ln tc
cao nn phi m bo bn, cng vng n dnh trong thi gian yu cu.
Chnh v vy, tnh ton la chn h thng dn hng cho my CNC l nhim v quan trng,
m bo cht lng sn phm tt cng nh tui th cho my. Trong , h thng vt me bi
p ng tt cc yu cu trn.
Vt me ai c bi l loi v vt me v ai c c dng tip xc ln.

Hnh 1.12: Chi tit Vt me bi ai c

H thng vt me bi gip lm gim ma st. Nh vic 2 na ai c lp theo chiu di, gia chng
c vng cch nn c th kh khe h dc trc.

Hnh 1.13: C cu chnh khe h.

Chng 2
Tnh ton la chn ray dn hng

Hnh 2.1: S m hnh h bn my X , Y

Cc thit b dn ng c mt vai tr quan trng trong my CNC, l nhn t chnh m bo

s vn hnh v gia cng chnh xc ca my. Vic tnh ton la chn cc thit b dn ng l
mt cng vic bt buc v phc tp vi nhiu cng thc cn thit lp. V vy, thun tin
cho cng vic la ch thit b dn ng, trong chng ny chng ta i xy dng cng thc tnh
ton v chng trnh tnh chn cc thit b dn ng. Ni dung chng ny l: tnh chn h
thng ng hng cho bn my trc X, Y.
C rt nhiu cc hng chng ta c th s dng cho cng vic tnh ton v la chn cc sn
phm phc v vo thit k, em chn hng PMI la chn cho tnh ton ca mnh. S tnh
ton ca hng nhu sau.

Hnh 2.2: Quy trnh tnh chn h thng ng hng

2.1

C s tnh ton

chn c ray dn hng ph hp nht vi cc iu kin lm vic ca h thng th kh

nng chu ti v tui th phi c ch trng nht. kim nghim kh nng ti trng tnh
danh ngha c th nh gi qua h s an ton vi qua gi tr C0 (kh nng ti tnh) ca ray
dn hng . Tui th c th thu c bng cch tnh ton trn c s l thuyt bng cng thc
thc nghim da trn vic nh gi thng qua kh nng ti ng ca ray dn hng.

2.1.1

Kh nng ti tnh (C0 )

Kh nng ti tnh C0 l ti trng tnh m ti vng tip xc vi ng sut ln nht m tng

bin dng d bng 0.0001 ln gi tr ng knh con ln. V nu bin dng vt qu gi tr cho
php s lm cn tr chuyn ng ca h thng.

2.1.2

Momen tnh cho php M0

Khi 1 mmen tc dng vo ray dn hng, cc v tr bi ln cui cng s chu p lc ln nht

10

Hnh 2.3: Ray dn hng

Hnh 2.4

11

gia cc p lc phn b trn ton b bi ln ca h thng. Moment tnh cho php M0 l moment
tnh m ti vng tip xc c ng sut ln nht bin dng d bng 0.0001 ng knh con ln.

2.1.3

H s an ton tnh fs

Do trong qu trnh hot ng, va chm v rung dng do chuyn ng, qu trnh gia tc h
thng dn hng s chu lc khng mong mun v vy cn xt h s an ton. fs l t s gia
C0 v ti trng lm vic tnh ton P, moment lm vic tnh ton M.
fs =

M0
C0
or fs =
P
M

Hnh 2.5: H s an ton ca mt s my

2.1.4

Kh nng ti ng C

Kh nng ti ng C l ti trng m nhm cc ray dn hng cng loi hot ng vi cng

iu kin c tui th l 50 km( vi b phn ln l bi) m cha xut hin trc mi.

2.1.5

Tnh ton tui th danh ngha L

Tui thn danh ngha ca ray dn hng ph thuc ti trng lm vic thc t . Tui th danh
ngha c th c tnh ton da trn kh nng ti ng v ti trng lm vic thc t . Tui
th ca h thng ray chu nh hng ln bi h s mi trng nh cng vng ca ng
ray , nhit mi trng , iu kin chuyn ng .V vy,nhng thng s ny c trong tnh
ton tui bn danh ngha . Cng thc tnh ton tng ng vi loi xch bi v xch cun.

Ball L =

(fH fT ) C

fW
P

3


50 Roller L =

(fH fT ) C

fW
P

10/3
100

L :tui th danh ngha (km)

fH : h s cng
fT : h s nhit
fw : h s ti trng
C : kh nng ti ng ng (N)
P : ti trng lm vic (N)
H s cng fH
t c kh nng ti ti a, cng ca ray phi khong HRC 58 64. Nu cng ca
ray t hn khong trn, tui th s gim. V vy kh nng ti tnh, ng cn nhn thm h s
cng theo th di y. Chn fH = 1 l m bo yu cu.

12

Hnh 2.6: Mi quan h cng v h s

H s ti trng fw Mc d ti trng lm vic ca ray c xt trong tnh ton, nhng
ti trng thc t hu ht u cao hn khi tnh ton. l do rung ng v va p khi my
chuyn ng. Rung ng xy ra khi iu khin tc cao, va p xy ra khi my khi ng
li v dng my. V vy cn xt ti h s ti trng theo bng sau:

Hnh 2.7: Xc nh h s ti trng

H s nhit fT
Khi nhit ln hn 100 C, tui th danh ngha s gim. Do kh nng ti tnh, ng s
c nhn vi h s nhit trong tnh ton. Xem hnh bn di. Nhiu phn ca ray c
lm t nha v cao su, nn nhit phi di 100 C l tt nht. Cc yu cu c bit phi
lin h vi nh sn xut.

Hnh 2.8: Xc nh h s nhit

13

2.1.6

Tnh ton tui th lm vic theo thi gian

Sau khi xc nh c tui th danh ngha , tui th phc v theo thi gian c th c tnh
da vo chiu di hnh trnh v s chu trnh l hng s
Lh =

2.1.7

L 103
2 ls n1 60

Tnh ton ti trng lm vic

Trong n ny, phng n s dng 2 ray dn hng cho mi bn X,Y nm ngang nh sau:

Hnh 2.9: S

2.1.8

Tnh ton ti trng tng ng

H thng dn hng c th chu lc v moment theo 4 hng ng thi. Cc ti tc dng u

c th phn tch thnh ti hng tm v ti mt bn tnh ton h s an ton tnh v tui
th. Nu s dng 2 ray dn hng th tnh ti trng tng ng PE theo ti hng knh PR
v ti mt bn PT l:

Hnh 2.10
Tnh
r tintrng trung bnh:
P e
Pm = e L1
(Pn Ln )
n=1

Trong :
Pm l ti trng tng ng.
Pn l ti trng bin thin
14

L l tng di (mm)
Ln l di tng ng vi ti Pn (mm)
e h s tng ng vi kiu bi, kiu a.

2.2
2.2.1

Tnh chn ray dn hng bn X,Y

Cc thng s ban u

Gia tc ti a a = 4 vi vn tc v = 20m/ph ta tnh c thi gian t vn tc t1 = t3 = 0.0825s,

qung ng tng gim tc X1 = X3 = 0.014m, qung ng chuyn ng u X2 = 572 i
vi bn X v X2 = 372 i vi bn Y

Hnh 2.11: th vn tc

Cc khong cch nh v:
Vi bn Y: Cc khong cch nh v:
- Nu bn X nm chnh gia bn Y th s khng c cc momen lt .Do vy, trong khi tnh ton
nn bn X v tr xa nht so vi tm ca bn Y c trng hp h thng hot ng
khc nghit nht.
- Khi tnh cho bn Y, coi bn X v phi l mt khi duy nht c khi lng bng tng hai
thnh phn

15

Hnh 2.12: S ng va kch thc

16

Cc thng s u vo tng ng vi bn X,Y:

Thng s
Hnh trnh
Khi lng phi
Khi lng bn g
Vn tc ti a
Gia tc
Chuyn ng nhanh dn
Chuyn n u
Chuyn ng chm dn
l1
l2
l3
l4
l5
l6

Bn X
600
300
80
20
4
14
572
14
500
320
95
83
79
211

Bn Y
400
380
150
20
4
14
372
14
200
800
50
383
176
391

17

2.2.2

Tnh chn ray dn hng

Chn model MSA 20 A cho ray dn hng bn X : C0 = 29.5kN, C = 19.2kN

Chn model MSA 25 LA cho ray dn hng bn Y :C0 = 56.6kN, C = 34.4kN

Hnh 2.13: Model ray v con chy

Trong chuyn ng u, Pn

P1 =
P2 =
P3 =
P4 =

m1 g
4
m1 g
4
m1 g
4
m1 g
4

+
+

Lc
m1 gl3
+
2l1
m1 gl3
+
2l1
m1 gl3

2l1
m1 gl3

2l1

m1 gl4
2l2
m1 gl4
2l2
m1 gl4
2l2
m1 gl4
2l2

+
+
+
+

m2 g
4
m2 g
4
m2 g
4
m2 g
4

Bn X

Bn Y

1054

2709

1624

1759

846

-59

276

890

18

Trong chuyn ng nhanh dn qua tri Pn la1 ,P tn la1

Lc
m1 a1 l6 m2 a1 l5

P1 la1 = P1
2l1
2l1
m1 a1 l6 m2 al l5
P2 la1 = P2 +
+
2l1
2l1
m1 a1 l6 m2 a1 l5
+
P3 la1 = P3 +
2l1
2l1
m1 a1 l6 m2 a1 l5
P4 la1 = P4

2l1
2l1
m1 a1 l4
Pt1 la1 =
2l1
m1 a1 l4
Pt1 2a1 =
2l1
m1 a1 l4
Pt1 3a1 =
2l1
m1 a1 l4
Pt1 4a1 =
2l1

Bn X

Bn Y

776

959

1902

3509

1124

1690

-3

-859

-99.6

-1455

99.6

1455

99.6

1455

-99.6

-1455

Trong chuyn ng chm dn qua tri Pn la3 , Pt la3

P1 la3
P2 la3
P3 la3
P4 la3

Lc
m1 a3 l6 m2 a3 l5
= P1 +
+
2l1
2l1
m1 a3 l6 m2 a3 l5
= P2

2l1
2l1
m1 a3 l6 m2 a3 l5
= P3

2l1
2l1
m1 a3 l6 m2 a3 l5
= P4 +
+
2l1
2l1
m1 a3 l4
Pt1 la1 =
2l1
m1 a3 l4
Pt1 la1 =
2l1
m1 a3 l4
Pt1 la1 =
2l1
m1 a3 l4
Pt1 la1 =
2l1

Bn X

Bn Y

1332

4459

1345

10

567

-1089

554

2640

99.6

1455

-99.6

-1455

99.6

1455

-99.6

-1455

19

Trong chuyn ng nhanh dn qua phi Pn ra1

P1 la3
P2 la3
P3 la3
P4 la3

Lc
m1 a1 l6 m2 a1 l5

= P1 +
2l1
2l1
m1 a1 l6 m2 a1 l5
= P2

2l1
2l1
m1 a1 l6 m2 a1 l5

= P3
2l1
2l1
m1 a1 l6 m2 a1 l5
= P4 +
+
2l1
2l1
m1 al l4
Pt1 ra1 =
2l1
m1 al l4
Pt2 ra1 =
2l1
m1 al l4
Pt3 ra1 =
2l1
m1 al l4
Pt4 ra1 =
2l1

Bn X

Bn Y

1332

4459

1345

10

567

-1089

554

2640

99.6

1455

-99.6

-1455

99.6

-1455

-99.6

1455

Trong chuyn ng chm dn qua phi

P1 ra3
P2 ra3
P3 ra3
P4 ra3

2.3

Lc
m1 a3 l6 m2 a3 l5
= P1

2l1
2l1
m1 a3 l6 m2 a3 l5
= P2

2l1
2l1
m1 a3 l6 m2 a3 l5
= P3

2l1
2l1
m1 a3 l6 m2 a3 l5
= P4 +
+
2l1
2l1
m1 a3 l4
Pt1 ra1 =
2l1
m1 a3 l4
Pt2 ra1 =
2l1
m1 a3 l4
Pt3 ra1 =
2l1
m1 a3 l4
Pt4 ra1 =
2l1

Bn X

Bn Y

775

959

1902

3509

1124

1690

-3

-859

-99.6

-1455

99.6

1455

99.6

1455

-99.6

-1455

Tnh ti tng ng

Trong chuyn ng u

PE1 = P1
PE2 = P2
PE3 = P3
PE4 = P4

Bn X
1054
1624
846
276

Bn Y
2709
1759
-59
890

20

2.3.1
PE1 la1
PE2 la1
PE1 la1
PE1 la1

2.3.2
PE1 la3
PE2 la3
PE3 la3
PE4 la3

2.3.3
PE1 ra1
PE2 ra1
PE3 ra1
PE4 ra1

2.3.4
PE1 ra3
PE2 ra3
PE3 ra3
PE4 ra3

2.3.5

Trong chuyn ng nhanh dn qua tri

= |P1 la1 | + |Pt1 la1 |

= |P2 la1 | + |Pt2 la1 |
= |P3 la1 | + |Pt3 la1 |
= |P4 la1 | + |Pt4 la1 |

Bn X
875
2002
1224
102

Bn Y
2415
4969
3145
2314

Trong chuyn ng chm dn qua tri

= |P2 la3 | + |Pt2 la3 |

= |P2 la3 | + |Pt2 la3 |
= |P3 la3 | + |Pt3 la3 |
= |P4 la3 | + |Pt4 la3 |

Bn X
1432
1445
667
654

Bn Y
5914
1465
3264
4095

Trong chuyn ng nhanh dn qua phi

= |P1 ra1 | + |Pt1 ra1 |

= |P2 ra1 | + |Pt2 ra1 |
= |P3 ra1 | + |Pt3 ra1 |
= |P4 ra1 | + |Pt4 ra1 |

Bn X
1432
1445
667
654

Bn Y
5914
1465
3264
4095

Trong chuyn ng chm dn qua phi

= |P1 la3 | + |Pt1 la3 |

= |P2 la3 | + |Pt2 la3 |
= |P3 la3 | + |Pt3 la3 |
= |P4 la3 | + |Pt4 la3 |

Bn X
875
2002
1224
102

Bn Y
2415
4969
3145
2314

Tnh h s ti tnh

Ti ti a
fs

Bn X
2002
15

Bn Y
5914
9.5

21

2.4

Tnh ti trng trung bnh trn mi carriage

Pm3
Pm4

2.5

3
PE1
X2

PE1 la33 X3

PE1 ra31 X1

3
PE1
X2

PE1 ra33 X3

+
+
+
2ls
r
3
3
3
3
P
la
X
+
P
X
+
P
la
X
+ PE2 ra31 X1 + PE2
X2 + PE2 ra33 X3
E2
1
2
E2
3
1
3
E2
= 3
2ls
r
3
3
3
3
3
3
P
la
X
+
P
X
+
P
la
X
E3 1 1
E3 3 3 + PE3 ra1 X1 + PE3 X2 + PE3 ra3 X3
E3 2
= 3
2ls
r
3
3
3
3
3
3
3 PE4 la1 X1 + PE4 X2 + PE4 la3 X3 + PE4 ra1 X1 + PE4 X2 + PE4 ra3 X3
=
2ls

Pm1 =
Pm2

PE1 la31 X1

Tnh ton tui th danh ngha

Ta chn fw = 1.5fH = gT = 1

Bn X

3
C
L1 =
50 171000 km
f P
 w m1 3
C
L2 =
50 472000 km
f P
 w m2 3
C
L3 =
50 328000 km
fw Pm3

3
C
50 800000 km
L4 =
fw Pm4

Bn Y
48800 km
145000 km
765000 km
459000 km

Thi gian phc v tnh theo gi l: Lh =

L 103
.
2 ls n1 60

Ta ly L=170000 km th LH > 20000 h .

Ta ly L=48800 km th LH > 20000 h .
Vy 2 model ray chn iu kin lm vic theo yeu cu.

22

Bn X

Bn Y

1062

2889

1631

2010

855

1154

298

1368

23

Chng 3
Tnh ton la chn cm trc vt me bi
Ni dung chng ny gm c:
Tnh chn cm vt me ai c bi ca trc X, Y
Tnh chn cm ln tng ng X,Y
. Em s dng hng PMI Cc bc tnh ton theo catalo nh sn xut

Hnh 3.1: Cc bc tnh chn vt me bi

24

3.1

Trc X

3.1.1

Thng s u vo

Loi my CNC : Phay

Ch ct th nghim ti a SVT :
Phay mt u
Dao c 6 li (z=6), ng knh D= 80mm
Tiu chun: JIS
Vt liu S45C
Grade 4040
Vn tc : v= 100m/ph
Chiu su ct : t= 1,2mm
Lng chy dao pht : F=900mm/ph
Khi lng ln nht ca chi tit : M=300 kg
Khi lng bn g trc X W2 = 80kg
Khi lng bn g trc Y W3 = 150kg
Vn tc chy ln nht khi khng gia cng V1 = 20m/ph.
Vn tc chy ln nht khi gia cng c lc V2 = 15m/ph.
Gia tc hot ng ln nht ca h thng a = 0.4g = 4m/s2 .
Thi gian hot ng Lt = 20000h (khong 5-7 nm).
Tc vng ng c N( max) = 2000rpm
chnh xc v tr ch d khng ti: 0.03/1000mm
chnh xc lp 0.005mm
lch truyn ng 0.02mm
H s ma st = 0.01
Hnh trnh trc X = 600 mm

3.1.2

Bc vt me

Bc vt phi tha mn:

20000
Vmax
=
= 10(mm)
l
Nmax
2000
Ta chn l=10 mm

25

3.1.3

Tnh lc ct chnh ca my

tm lc ct chnh ca my ta s dng cng c trn website www.coroguide.com

Tnh ton v chn thng s u vo in vo cng c :
Feed per cutting edge (Fz)- Lng chy dao rng
Tc quay ca ng c quay dao: n =

1000 100
1000V
=
= 397.89 rpm
D
80

F
900
=
= 2.3 (mm/vng)
n
397.89
S
Lng chy dao rng : Fz = = 0.38 (mm/rng)
6

Lng chy dao vng :S =

Working engagement (ae) v working engagement start (aei):

Chn ae v aei sao cho : ae + aei = Dc = 80mm
Ta chn : ae = 60mm , aei =20
Mayjor cutting edge angle K thng chn K = 45

Hnh 3.2: Ci s hin th bn di hnh

Mc = 62N m suy ra Fm =

26

2Mc
2 62
=
= 1550N
Dc
0.08

3.1.4

iu kin lm vic:

Khng ti
C ti

3.1.5

Ma st trt
380
380

Vn tc
20000
15000

Lc ct
0
1550

Thi gian (%)

30
70

Chn trc vt

Tnh lc dc trc

Hnh 3.3: Cc lc dc trc

gia tc a=4 => Fq t= ma= 1520 N

Lc dc trc Tc vng
Khng ti
1900
2000
C ti
1780
1500
Tnh lc dc trc trung bnh:

Thi gian (%)

30
70

1/3
F13 n1 t1 + F23 n2 t2
Fm =
= 1825N
n1 t1 + n2 t2
Tnh tc quay trung bnh:


n1 t1 + n2 t2
= 1650 rpm
t1 + t2
Kim nghim kh nng ti ng:
Nm =

1
Ca = (60Nm Lt ) 3 Fm fw 102
Theo yu cu
Lt = 20000h
fw = 1.2 (h s ti trng ph thuc vo rung ng va chm)
Vy Ca 27499 N
Chn kiu nut
Trong trng hp cng vng l yu cu chnh, hao ht chuyn ng khng qu quan
trng, nn em chn:
27

 bi loi lun chuyn bi bn ngoi

Kiu : FDWC B2

Hnh 3.4: Bng thng s

Chn ng knh trc

n L2
107
f
L= Hnh trnh + Chiu di nt + Vng thot 600+138+259=997 mm
Kiu lp l fixed supported:

dr

Hnh 3.5: Ci s hin th bn di hnh

f=15.1 suy ra dr 13.1 ta chn dr = 35.05
Em chn series 1R40-10B2-FDWC-780-1069-0.018 c L=1069 mm Ca=52200 N, C0=139000 N

28

Hnh 3.6: Ci s hin th bn di hnh

Hnh 3.7: Thng s trc

Hnh 3.8: Thng s trc

29

Kim tra s b
Tui th
 lm vic:
3
52200 3
Ca
1
1
Lt =
106
=(
) 106
= 137000h > 20000h
F m fw
60Nm
1825 1.2
60 1650
Tc ti hn:
dr
n = f 2 107 = 4631 rpm tha mn iu kin.
L
Chn chnh xc dn
chnh xc v tr yu cu l : 0,03/1000mm
Chn cp chnh xc vi lch v bin dng tch lu l :

Hnh 3.9: Ci s hin th bn di hnh

dch do nhit (mc iu chnh 3

Chuyn v do nhit: L
L = L= 12 106 3 1069=0.038 mm
Lc nn trc: F
L Edr2
=719 kgf=7190 N
F =L KS =
4L
Kim tra tnh mt n nh
P =

3.1.6

2 N EI
d4r
=
m
103 =13470 N, vy trc n nh.
L2
L2

Chn ln

Theo kiu lp fixed-support v cn c vo lc tc dng, em chn a cn 1 dy, c th chu

c ti hng tm v ti dc trc theo 2 chiu l ch yu( s dng 4 cho mi trc) theo kiu
lp back to back.

30

Hnh 3.10: Cp a cn lp theo kiu back to back

Cn c vo ng knh ngng trc:

Hnh 3.11: 30206 J2/Q

1
Thng s:Ca = 40.2kN C0 = 44kN Tnh kh nng ti ng: C = QL m
1
Tnh kh nng ti tnh:C = Q0 L m
L: tui th ca ln c tnh theo cng thc: L = 60.106 nLh =2400 triu vng
Q: ti trng ng ca ln c tnh: Q = (XV Fr + Y Fa )Kd Kt
Q0 : ti trng tnh ca ln c tnh: Q0 = (X0 V Fr + Y0 Fa )Kd Kt

31

Chn Kd =1.1 Kt =1
Fm =1825 N
m=80+300=380 kg= 3800N Lc tc dng 4 theo hng tm = 380*10/4=950 ni lc dc
trc fsi = e* 950=1.41*950=1339.5 N
1825
=427N N
Vi A:FaA P = FsD 0.5Fm = 1339.5
2
1825
=2252N
Vi D:FaA P = FsA + 0.5Fm = 1339.5 +
2
1825
Vi B:FaA P = FsC + 0.5Fm = = 1339.5 +
=2252 N
2
1825
Vi C:FaA P = FsB 0.5Fm = = 1339.5
=427N
2
Vy FaA = 1339.5 FaD = 2252 ta ly Fm ax = 2252
Theo hng dn ca SKF theo kiu lp ta chn X=0.57, Y=0.52 X0 = 0.5 Y0 = 0.26
Tnh ti trng ng:Q = (XV Fr + Y Fa )Kd Kt =0.57*1339.5+0.52*1862=1934 N.
1
Kh nng ti ng C = QL m =1934 24001/3 =25.9 kN
Tnh ti trng tnh:Q0 = (X0 V Fr + Y0 Fa )Kd Kt =1618 N
1
Kh nng ti tnh: C0 = Q0 L m =21.6kN
nh hn gii hn ca vng bi

3.2
3.2.1

Tnh chn cho trc Y

Thng s u vo

Loi my CNC : Phay

Ch ct th nghim ti a SVT :
Phay mt u
Dao c 6 li (z=6), ng knh D= 80mm item Tiu chun: JIS
Vt liu S45C
Grade 4040
Vn tc : v= 100m/ph
Chiu su ct : t= 1,2mm
Lng chy dao pht : F=900mm/ph
Khi lng ln nht ca chi tit : M=300 kg
Khi lng bn g trc X W2 = 80kg
Khi lng bn g trc Y W3 = 150kg
Vn tc chy ln nht khi khng gia cng V1 = 20m/ph.
Vn tc chy ln nht khi gia cng c lc V2 = 15m/ph.
Gia tc hot ng ln nht ca h thng a = 0.4g = 4m/(s2 ).

32

 Thi gian hot ng Lt = 20000h (khong 5-7 nm).

Tc vng ng c N( max) = 2000rpm
chnh xc v tr ch d khng ti: 0.03/1000mm
chnh xc lp 0.005mm
lch truyn ng 0.02mm
H s ma st = 0.01
Hnh trnh trc X = 400 mm

3.2.2

Bc vt me

Bc vt phi tha mn:

l

Vmax
= 10(mm)
20000
Nmax =
2000

Ta chn l=10 mm

3.2.3

Tnh lc ct chnh ca my

tm lc ct chnh ca my ta s dng cng c trn website www.coroguide.com

Tnh ton v chn thng s u vo in vo cng c :
Feed per cutting edge (Fz)- Lng chy dao rng
Tc quay ca ng c quay dao: n =

1000V
1000 100
=
= 397.89 rpm
D
80

F
900
=
= 2.3 (mm/vng)
n
397.89
S
Lng chy dao rng : Fz = = 0.38 (mm/rng)
6

Lng chy dao vng :S =

Working engagement (ae) v working engagement start (aei):

Chn ae v aei sao cho : ae + aei = Dc = 80mm
Ta chn : ae = 60mm , aei =20
Mayjor cutting edge angle K thng chn K = 60
Mc = 62N m suy ra Fm =

3.2.4

2Mc
2 62
=
= 1550N
Dc
0.08

iu kin lm vic:

Khng ti
C ti

Lc ct
530
530

Lc ma st trt
20000
15000

Tc ct
0
1550
33

Thi gian (%)

30
70

Hnh 3.12: Ci s hin th bn di hnh

3.2.5

Chn trc vt

Tnh lc dc trc

Hnh 3.13: Cc lc dc trc

Lc dc trc
a=4, ma= 2120 Khng ti
2173
C ti
3670
Tnh lc dc trc trung bnh:

Tc vng
2000
1500

34

Thi gian (%)

30
70

1/3
F13 n1 t1 + F23 n2 t2
Fm =
= 3276N
n1 t1 + n2 t2
Tnh tc quay trung bnh:


n1 t1 + n2 t2
= 1650 rpm
t1 + t2
Kim nghim kh nng ti ng:
Nm =

1
Ca = (60Nm Lt ) 3 Fm fw 102
Theo yu cu
Lt = 20000h
fw = 1.2 (h s ti trng ph thuc vo rung ng va chm)
Vy Ca 49360 N
Chn kiu nut
Trong trng hp cng vng l yu cu chnh, hao ht chuyn ng khng qu quan
trng, nn em chn:
bi loi lun chuyn bi bn ngoi
Kiu : FDWC

Hnh 3.14: Ci s hin th bn di hnh

Chn ng knh trc

n L2
dr
107
f
L= Hnh trnh + Chiu di nt + Vng thot 400+138+250=788 mm
Kiu lp l fixed supported:

35

Hnh 3.15: Cch lp

f=15.1 suy ra dr 10 ta chn dr = 35.05

Hnh 3.16: Ci s hin th bn di hnh

Em chn series 1R40-10B2-FDWC-580-869-0.018 c L=869 mm Ca=52200 N, C0=139000 N

Hnh 3.17: Thng s trc

Kim tra s b
Tui th
 lm vic:
3
Ca
1
52200 3
1
Lt =
106
=(
) 106
= 24000h > 20000h
F m fw
60Nm
3276 1.2
60 1650
36

Tc ti hn:
dr
n = f 2 107 = 7000 rpm tha mn iu kin.
L
Chn chnh xc dn
chnh xc v tr yu cu l : 0,03/1000mm
Chn cp chnh xc vi lch v bin dng tch lu l :

Hnh 3.18: Ci s hin th bn di hnh

dch do nhit
Chuyn v do nhit: L
L = L= 12 106 3 869=0.031 mm
Lc nn trc: F
L Edr2
=722 kgf=7220 N
F =L KS =
4L
Kim tra tnh mt n nh
P =

3.2.6

d4r
2 N EI
=
m
103 =20000 N vy trc n nh.
L2
L2

Chn ln

Theo kiu lp fixed-support v cn c vo lc tc dng, em chn bi chn 1 dy, c th

chu c ti hng tm v ti dc trc theo 2 chiu l ch yu( s dng 4 cho mi trc) theo
kiu lp back to back.

37

Hnh 3.19: bi chn 1 dy

Cn c vo ng knh ngng trc:

Hnh 3.20: 30206 J2/Q

1
Thng s:Ca = 40.2kN C0 = 44kN Tnh kh nng ti ng: C = QL m
1
Tnh kh nng ti tnh:C = Q0 L m
L: tui th ca ln c tnh theo cng thc: L = 60.106 nLh =2400 triu vng
Q: ti trng ng ca ln c tnh: Q = (XV Fr + Y Fa )Kd Kt
Q0 : ti trng tnh ca ln c tnh: Q0 = (X0 V Fr + Y0 Fa )Kd Kt

38

Chn Kd =1.1 Kt =1
Fm =3276 N
m=80+300+150=530 kg Lc tc dng 4 theo hng tm = 530*10/4=1325 1325=1.41*1325=1868
N
3276
=230 N N
Vi A:FaA P = FsD 0.5Fm = 1868
2
3276
=3506N
Vi D:FaA P = FsA + 0.5Fm = 1868 +
2
3276
Vi B:FaA P = FsC + 0.5Fm = = 1868 +
=3506 N
2
3276
=230 N
Vi C:FaA P = FsB 0.5Fm = = 1868
2
Vy FaA = 230 FaD = 3506 ta ly Fm ax = 3506
Theo hng dn ca SKF theo kiu lp ta chn X=0.57, Y=0.52 X0 = 0.5 Y0 = 0.26
Tnh ti trng ng:Q = (XV Fr + Y Fa )Kd Kt =0.57*1325+0.52*3506=2578 N.
1
Kh nng ti ng C = QL m =2578 24001/3 =34.5 kN
Tnh ti trng tnh:Q0 = (X0 V Fr + Y0 Fa )Kd Kt =1600 N
1
Kh nng ti tnh: C0 = Q0 L m =21.6kN
nh hn gii hn ca vng bi

39

Chng 4
La chn ng c
4.1

Trc X

Thng s:
Tc quay ti a 2000 rpm
Thi gian t vn tc ti a:0.0825 s

4.1.1

Momen qun tnh

Trc
GDS2 =

7.8 103

D4 L=
44 86.9=17 (kgf.cm2 )
32
32

Phn di chuyn
 2
 2
l
1
2
GDw = W
=(300 + 80)
=9.64 (kgf.cm2 )
2
2
Khp ni
0

GDJ2

l D 4 7.8 103 (3D) (1.7D)4

=
=
=19.6 (kgf.cm2 )
32
32

Tng momen qun tnh khi

GDl2 = GDs2 + GDw2 + GDJ2 =46.24 (kgf.cm2 )

4.1.2

Momen pht ng

Trong trng hp ny ch xt qu trnh lm vic vi vn tc c nh.

Momen t trc
TP = k

Fa0 l
633 1
=0.3
=3.02 (kgf.cm)
2
2
40

Momen do lc ma st
Fa l
=33.6 (kgf.cm)
2
Vy momen pht ng cn thit l:TL 3.02+33.6=36.62 (kgf.cm)

Ta =

4.1.3

Chn dng c

iu kin:
Tc ti a 2000 rpm
Momen xon >TL
Moment qun tnh rotor JM > JL /3
Vi iu kin em chn ng c:

Hnh 4.1: AM 1400C

4.1.4
ta =

Kim tra thi gian t tc ti a

M

T0

4.1.5

J
2N

f =0.1
60
TL

Tnh ton ng sut tc dng ln trc vt

F
Fmax
= 2 = 2 N/mm2
A
dr /4
T r
=
=0.5 N/mm2
J
max = 2 + 2
=

41

4.1.6

4.2

Mat on dinh

Trc Y

Thng s:
Tc quay ti a 2000 rpm
Thi gian t vn tc ti a:0.0825 s

4.2.1

Momen qun tnh

Trc
GDS2 =

7.8 103

D4 L=
44 86.9=17 (kgf.cm2 )
32
32

Phn di chuyn
 2
 2
l
1
2
GDw = W
=(300 + 80)
=13.4 (kgf.cm2 )
2
2
Khp ni
0

GDJ2

l D 4 7.8 103 (3D) (1.7D)4

=
=
=19.6 (kgf.cm2 )
32
32

Tng momen qun tnh khi

GDl2 = GDs2 + GDw2 + GDJ2 =50 (kgf.cm2 )

4.2.2

Momen pht ng

Trong trng hp ny ch xt qu trnh lm vic vi vn tc c nh.

Momen t trc
TP = k

Fa0 l
633 1
=0.3
=5.84 (kgf.cm)
2
2

Momen do lc ma st
Fa l
=57.9 (kgf.cm)
2
Vy momen pht ng cn thit l:TL 3.02+33.6=63.74 (kgf.cm)

Ta =

42

4.2.3

Chn dng c

iu kin:
Tc ti a 2000 rpm
Momen xon >TL
Moment qun tnh rotor JM > JL /3
Vi iu kin em chn ng c:

Hnh 4.2: AM 1400C

4.2.4
ta =

Kim tra thi gian t tc ti a

M

T0

4.2.5

J
2N

f =0.1
60
TL

Tnh ton ng sut tc dng ln trc vt

F
Fmax
= 2 = 2 N/mm2
A
dr /4
T r
=0.5 N/mm2
=
J
max = 2 + 2
=

43