Professional Documents
Culture Documents
KNOWLEDGE
A DEMOCRATIC SOCIAL SPHERE
1. INTRODUCTION.
2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES.
3. SCOPE OF WORK.
4. LITERATURE STUDY.
5. SITE ANALYSIS.
6. CASE STUDY:
. INDIA HABITAT CENTRE, DELHI.
. JEWISH MUSEUM, GERMANY.
. CENTRE LE CORBUSIER,
SWITZERLAND.
. MUSEUM OF WESTERN ART, TOKYO.
SUBMITTED BY:
DIPALI.R.MAHESHWARI.
ROLL NO. 06. BARCH 10TH SEM.
Theindiahabitatcentre(ihc)islocatedalongthe
lodhiroadonthefringesoflutyensdelhidesigned
byarchitectjoseph allen stien.Spreadovernine
acresoflandihchasabuilt-upareaof
approximatelyonemillionsquarefeet.Thel
shapedsitehasfrontageonthethreesides.Itis
boundedbythemaxmullermargonwest,the
vardhmanmargonsouthandthelodhiroadonthe
north.Thefourthsideisflankedbybalbharthi
school.Thecomplexisaccessiblefromthree
sides,themajorpedestrianentrancebeingfrom
lodhiroadonthenorth.
ACCESS
Thecomplexhasanaccessfromthreesideshaving
thelodhiroadonthenorth,maxmullermarg
towardsthewestandvardhamanmargonthe
southernside.Thus,ithasthreemaingates,
referredtoasgateno.1,gateno.2andgateno.3.
Gateno.2,onthemaxmullermargistheone,
whichdirectlyleadstothedoublelevelbasement.
Theliftsthentaketotheupperlevelsformthispoint.
Theothertwogatesdirectthevehiclestothe
surfaceparkingthat
VARDHAMAN
hasbeenprovided.
ROAD
Thisparkingbasically
catersto
thepublicareaslike
theconferencehall
providedandthe
parkingforvehicles.
FACILITIES
Thei.H.C.Providesthefollowingfacilitiesforthe
useofmember:
40,000squaremetersofofficeaccommodation
forinstitutions.
Conferenceroomswithatotalcapacityof1000in
10locationsofdifferentconfigurationsranging
from30to450.
60guestroom,fivesuites,andfiveservice
apartments.
Conferenceroom,cafeteria,restaurantsand
privatedinningroomtohandleapproximately1500
personsatatime.
A700sqmexhibitionareawithbuiltinsystems
andstructuresformultimediaexhibitions.
A250seatamphitheatre.
Anauditoriumwith500capacity
Auniquelibrary/resourcecenterwithe-maillinks
toresourcescentersabroad.
Otherfacilitiesincludeanartgallery,executive
fitnesscenter,bank,travelagency,giftshop,dish
antennawithmulti-channelcabletvandpiped
music,corporatepostofficeandunderground
parking1000carsand2000two-wheelers.
With97,000m2ofbuiltuparea,habitatcentre
providesavarietyofrelatedactivitiesand
institutions,withadensityofapproximately1000person/acre(totalarea=9acres).25 percentofthe
totalareagoesintothelandscapedcourts.
Thehabitatcentreisorganizedasaseriesoffourto
sevenstoreyblocksaroundlinkedshaded
courtyards.Thebuiltformsaregroupedaround
climatetemperedcourts,shadedbyoverhead
sunscreensandareenlivenedbyverticalgardens.
Thecomplexhasaverywellplannedsegregationof
spaces.Allblocks/areas,whichareexpectedto
experiencealargeandregularinflowofpublichave
beenplacedveryclosetotheentrances;theoffice
areasbeinggiventheaccessfromtheinsideofthe
courtyards.Althoughthepublicandthesemi-public
areashavebeenplacedinseparatebuiltblocks,the
courtsandthelandscapeareasformaverygood
connectionbetweenthetwo.Thelandscapeformsa
veryintegralpartofthedesignandseemstobea
partofthebuiltscape.
NORTHBLOCK
(OFFICESONTOP
&PUBLIC
FACILITIESON
GROUNDFLOOR)
BLOCKS OF IHC
MASSING
Thereare10polygonswithdifferent
sizesunitetoformthezig-zagplanof
thebuilding.
Gardenof
exile
NATURAL LIGHT
Theinteriorlidbythelinearwindowsallow
visitorstoseetheglimpsesofthecity.The
voidslidbytheskylightsabovegivesenseof
hope.
SUBTRACTIVE
Separationofarectangleintodifferent
sizescreatevoidsthatdisturbthe
circulationbyallowingthevisitorsto
stopandreflect.
THE VOIDS
Avoid"isnotreallyamuseumspace."(Daniel
libeskind,1999)
Thevoidsrepresentthecentralstructural
elementofthenewbuildingandtheconnection
totheoldbuilding.Fromtheoldbuilding,a
staircaseleadsdowntothebasementthrougha
voidofbareconcretewhichjoinsthetwo
buildings.
Fivecavernousvoidsrunverticallythroughthe
newbuilding.Theyhavewallsofbareconcrete,
arenotheatedorair-conditionedandarelargely
withoutartificiallight,quiteseparatefromthe
restofthebuilding.Ontheupperlevelsofthe
exhibition,thevoidsareclearlyvisiblewithblack
exteriorwalls.Theisraeliartistmenashe
kadishman'ssteelsculpture"shalechet"(fallen
leaves)coverstheentirefloorofoneofthefive
voids.
CONCLUSION
Daniellibeskindsadditiontothejewish
museumberlinutilizessymbolismand
Metaphor,includingfragmentation,void,and
disorientation,inordertocreatea
Moresubstantialmuseumexperienceforthe
visitor.Ratherthanpresentinginformation
Asmuseumsoftendo,libeskindsjewish
museumberlinusestheseeffects
Tocommunicatetheaspectsofjewishhistory,
especiallytheholocaust,whichcannot
Beexpressedinonlywords.
incubicmodulesof2.26metersperside,
correspondingtothemeasurementsoftheModulor.
Itsarrangementreflectsthetheoryofinfinitegrowth
somethingthathadbeenproposedinmuseumsin
TokyoandChandigarh.
FACTS
Architect: LeCorbusier
Client: HeidiWeber
Area: 315.6sqm
Project Year: 1967
ThemuseumLeCorbusiermaterializesthe
spiritofhisarchitecturaltheories,establishing
adialoguebetweenartandarchitecture.
Walls.windows,openingsandfloors
werethenscrewedontothesteel
frame.Thewallsconsistofenamelled
panelsmeasuring1.13x2.26m.
Theplacingoftheseenamelpanelswas
plannedaccordingtoaparticularrhythmic
system.asystemwhichcouldbeadapted
foranyothercompositionpreferred.
Afterwards,theentirebuildingcomplex
wasplacedonaconcretegroundoor.
Insidethebuildingisorganizedontwolevelsanda
basement.Theprogram,inadditiontotheexhibition
rooms,includinganauditorium,adiningroomandterraces
Thebuildinghastwofloors-vesinglestoriedandonedouble-storedrooms.
Whenconstructingthebuildingcomplex.
morethan20,000bolts
wereused.
FACTS
Number of Stories:3floorsaboveground,1basementfloor
and1penthousespace
Building Structure:Reinforcedconcrete(RC)construction
Design By:LeCorbusier
Completion:March1959
Site Area:1,587m2
Gross Floor Area:4,399m2
Exhibition Area:1,533m2
SITE PLAN.
CONCEPT
RAMP
Museumscontainsomethingjustasimportantas
paintingsandsculpture:architecture.
thearchitectlecorbusier,whowasbasedin
france,cameupwiththeideaofamuseumof
unlimitedgrowth-amuseumbuildingthatcould
beexpandedasitscollectiongrew.Tocreatehis
museumofunlimitedgrowth,lecorbusierutilizedthe
modulor-asystemofmeasurementsbasedonhesize
ofthehumanbody-andvariousother
conceptsthatweresuitedtothearchitectureof
anewera.
RampsareoftenincludedinthedesignsofLe
Corbusier,andthisonejoinsthenineteenth
centuryhalltothesecondfloor.Unlikestairs,the
rampbecomesthedeviceforhisPromenade
Architecturetoallowvisitorstoenjoyaslower
Transitionbetweenspaces.
SiteArea:1,587m2
GrossFloorArea:4,399
m2
ExhibitionArea:1,533m2
TOP LIGHTING
sidewindowinthetriangleshapeoftheroofinthe
nineteenth-centuryhall.Onacleardaysunlightfills
thehallwithnaturallight.
BALCONIES
Inthesecondfloorexhibitionroomtherearetwo
balconiesoverlookingthenineteenth-centuryhall.
Fromthebalconyonecanlookdownonthehall
belowandseetheexhibitionroombehindthe
otherbalconyallowingonetofeelthecomplex
spatialcompositionofthisbuildingataglance.
Inthreelocationsinthesecondfloorexhibition
roomtherearethreeseparatemezzaninefloor
spaces.Goingupthrougheachofthenarrow
staircases,onefindsaspaceforthedisplayof
smallerexhibits.
FLOOR LIGHTING
Inthefloorofthenineteenth-centuryhall,floor
mountedlightswereinstalledtolighttheworks
frombelow.Theyarecurrentlynotinuse.
Thesecondfloorexhibitionroomfeaturesboth
highandlowceilingsallowingonetoappreciate
thetransitionbetweenopenandcompressed
spaces.Thelowceilingheightissetat226cm
accordingtotheModulormeasurementsandthe
higherceilingheightdoublesthataswell.
ROOF GARDEN
RHYTHMIC LOUVERS
LeCorbusierthoughttheroofwasanimportant
partofabuildingtoo.Ontheroofhemadedifferent
shapesofhigh,sidewindowstoallownaturallight
toreachinside.Beforetherewerepottedplantsup
here.
DOWNSPOUTS
Thinconcretemullion-likenarrowverticallouvers
orslatsarefoundinsuchplaceslikearoundthe
cashierareaintherestaurantandoutsidethe
museumshopglass.Thevaryingrhythmic
arrangementstransformthelightingconditionsin
thecorrespondingareas.
Mostbuildingshavetheirverticaldownspoutsfor
rainwaterdrainageontheoutside.However,in
thisbuildingtheyareplacedinside.LeCorbusier
thoughtofmanydesignsandplacestoinclude
downspoutsthatarevisibleontheinsideoftheBuilding.
The6-bay-by-6-baystructureofthisbuildingis
supportedbyroundshapedcolumnslaidina7-by-7
squaregrid.Thecolumnsare60cmthickonthefirst
floorand55cmonthesecondtheywere
originally
53cmand43cmrespectively,reflectingtheModular
dimensions,butweresubsequentlythickenedto
providestrongerearthquakeresistancewiththe
firstfloorcolumnsmadethickertobearmore
structuralloads.Thecolumnsweremadeinpouredin-placereinforcedconcreteusingpinewoodforms
CLERESTORY GALLERY AS LIGHTING
imprintingbeautifulwoodgrainpatternsontheir
DEVICE
surfaces.
Theglasswalledcorridororclerestorygalleryabove
thelowceilingportioninthesecondfloorexhibition
roomwasdesignedtoallownaturallightfromtheroof
topassthroughintotheexhibitionroom.AlthoughLe
Corbusierhadplannedtolightthepaintingswiththis
clerestorynaturallight,currentlyflorescentbulbslight
upthegallery.
PILOTIS
FoundattheentrancetotheMuseum,thepilotis
designallowsthevisitorstoenjoythisspace
avoidingrainandstrongsunlight.Thisspacehas
beenusedtoexhibitstatues
FUNCTON
I.H.C
JEWISH
MUSEUM
CENTRE LE
CORBUSIER
MUSEUM OF
WESTERN
ART
AREA
9.6 ACRE/38,867
SQMT
15499.9 SQMT
315.6 SQMT
1,587 SQMT
TYPOLOGY
COURTYARD
PLANNING
COMPACT
PLANNING
COMPACT
PLANNING
ENTRANCES SHOULD BE
PROMINENT AND VISIBLE
WITH PROPER SIGNAGE.
OPEN PLANING
GIVE FREE
MOVEMENT.
VERTICAL
CIRCULATION
THROUGH RAMPS.
PROPER CIRCULATION
PROVIDES FEASIBILITY IN
MOVEMENT AND GIVES
GUIDANCE TO THE
VISITORS.
SHADING DEVICE
REJECTS THE
UNWANTED
SOLAR ENERGY.
PLAY OF NATURAL
LIGHT BY GIVING
VOIDS.
OPEN PLANNING.
SPACES SHOULD BE
FLEXIBLE TO MEET
DIFFERENT
REQUIREMENT.ON SITE
WASTE MANAGEMENT
FACILITY SHOULD BE
PROVIDED.
THE EXTERIOR
AND INTERIOR
COURT FACING
FAADE ARE
THOUGHTFULLY
THE PLANNING
AND EXTERIOR AR
THOUGHTFULLY
ARTICULATED.
ICONIC
STURCTURE WITH
ITS FLOATING
STEEL ROOF AND
COLOURED PANEL
APPROACH
CIRCULATION
POSITIVE
FEATURES
ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTER
INFERENCES