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A. L THUYT
I. Cng thc ng phn- Tn gi
Bi 1. Gi tn thng thng (gc chc), tn IUPAC v cho bit bc ca cc ancol sau :
a) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
b) CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
c) (CH3)3COH
d) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH
e) CH2=CH-CH2OH
g) C6H5CH2OH
-Vit cng thc cu to ca cc ancol sau :
a) Ancol isobutylic
b) Ancol isoamylic
c) 2-metylhexan-3-ol
Bi 2. Hy vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ancol ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C 4H10O,
C5H12O, C6H12O
Bi 3. Vit CTCT
a. Ru bc I c CTPT C6H14O
b. Ru thm c CTPT C8H10O
c. Ru a chc c CTPT C3H8O2
Bi 4. Vit CTCT
a. Hp cht n chc c CTPT C4H10O v gi tn
b. Ru khng no c CTPT C4H8O
Bi 5. Vit CTTQ ca ru a. no n chc, h
b. no a chc mch h
c. ru tng qut
Bi 6. Cho ru A c CTPT C5H12O , A phn ng vi CuO ,t0 to ra B phn ng trng gng (dd
AgNO3/NH3) .Khi tch H2O ca A bng ddH 2SO4 c nng ch thu c sn phm duy nht C khng lm
mt mu ddBr2 k thng. Tm CTCT A, B, C vit ptpu v gi tn A
Bi 7. Cho ru X c CTPT C8H10O, A phn ng vi CuO, t 0 to ra Y phn ng trng gng (dd
AgNO3/NH3). Khi tch H2O ca A bng ddH 2SO4 c nng 170 0C thu c sn phm Z, trng hp Z
c polime T . Tm CTCT X, Y, Z, T v vit ptpu
Bi 8. iu kin mt ru a chc ha tan c Cu(OH) 2/OH- : phi c 2 nhm OH - lin kt vi hai
nguyn t C gn nhau. Hy cho bit ru C4H10O2 c bao nhiu CTCT ha tan c Cu(OH) 2/OH- cho
dung dch mu xanh.
Bi 9. Cho A c CTCT HO-C6H4-CH2OH .Vit ptpu ca A vi : ddHCl, Na, NaOH, CuO nung nng.
II. Tnh cht vt l.
Bi 1. a. Trong dd ru tn ti bao nhiu loi lin kt hidro. Vit cng thc biu din
b. Trong hn hp ru etylic v phenol tn ti bao nhiu loi lin kt hidro. Vit cng thc biu din
Bi 2. so snh nhit si ca cc cht cho di y(sp xp theo chiu tng dn):
ru etylic, ru propylic, propan, clopropan, axit fomic. Gii thch
III. Tnh cht cht ha hc v iu ch.
Bi 1
1.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng trc tip iu ch ru tylic, Glyxrin. Phn ng no
dng sn xut cng nghip ?
2.
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch ru tylic; ru Mtylic; ru Alytic; Glyxrin;
Propandiol -1,2; rru Benzylic t vi v than . . .
3.
Nu nguyn tc chung chuyn ru t bc 1 thnh bc 2 v t ru bc 2 thnh bc 3 ?
Cho v d minh ho
4.
ru l g ? Cho v d
Bi 2. Cho cc ru c cng thc l C 3H8On
1.
Vit cng thc cu to ca cc ru v gi tn
2.
Vit phng trnh phn ng khi cho cc ru trn tc dng vi Na, CuO/t0, Cu(OH)2, HNO3,
CH3COOH/H2SO4 c nng
Bi 3: Cho s bin ho sau :
+D
B
A
xt
xt
E
A
A
+C
Phn 2 : t chy hon ton thu c 9,9 gam CO2 v 6,75 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m ?
DNG 3: PHN NG TCH NC TO ANKEN-ETE
Bi 1. un nng 7,8 gam mt hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu
c 6 gam hh Y gm 3 ete. Bit 3 ete c s mol bng nhau v phn ng xy ra hon ton. Xc nh CTPT
ca 2 ancol?
Bi 2. Cho 11g hn hp 2 ancol n chc vo bnh ng Na (d) thy thot ra 3,36 lt H 2 ( ktc). Nu cho
hh ancol vo dung dch H2SO4 c 1400C thu c mg ete ( hiu sut phn ng t 80%). Gi tr ca m?
Bi 3. un nng 7,8 gam mt hn hp X gm 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c
6 gam hh Y gm 3 ete. Bit 3 ete c s mol bng nhau v phn ng xy ra hon ton. CTPT ca 2 ancol?
Bi 4. khi un nng m gam ancol no n chc mch h X vi H 2SO4 c lm xc tc nhit thch hp thu
c m2 gam hp cht hu c B. T khi hi ca B so vi X l 0,7. X CTCT ca X?
Bi 5: un nng mt hn hp gm hai ancol no n, mch h chc vi H 2SO4 c 1400C thu c 21,6g
H2O v 72g hn hp 3 ete. Xc nh CTCT ca hai ancol trn bit 3 ete thu c c s mol bng nhau v phn
ng xy ra hon ton?s:CH3OH; C2H5OH
Bi 6. un 1,66 hn hp hai ancol vi H2SO4 c, thu c hai anken ng ng k tip ca nhau. Hiu sut
gi thit l 100 %. Nu t hn hp anken cn dng 2,688 lt kh O2 (ktc). Tm cng thc cu to 2 ancol?
Bi 7: iu ch etylen ngi ta un nng ancol etylic 95 0 vi axit H2SO4 c 1700C. Tnh th tch ancol
950 cn a vo phn ng thu c 2 lt etylen (ktc). Bit hiu sut phn ng t 60%, khi lng ring
ca etylic l 0,8g/ml. Tnh lng ete sinh ra khi un nng mt th tich ancol nh trn 140 0C vi axit H2SO4
c. Bit hiu sut cng t 60% ? s:8,99ml; 3,3g
Bi 8: Kh nc hon ton hn hp hai ancol ta thu c hn hp 2 anken ng ng lin tip co t khi hi
i vi H2 l 23,8
a/Tm CTPT vit CTCT v tnh % khi lng ca hai ancol trong hn hp
b/Tnh khi lng CO2 v hi nc to thnh khi t chy han 6,56g hn hp hai ancol trn ?
Bi 9: um m gam hn hp A gm ancol etylic v propylic vi H 2SO4 c ta c hn hp olefin kh X. Ton
b X lm mt mu 1lt dung dch brom 0,5M (va ). Bit t khi hi ca X so vi H2 l 16,8.
a/Tnh gi tr ca m
b/Tnh th tch oxi (ktc) cn t chy 1/10 hn hp A ni trn? s:m=25,8g; 4,032lt
Bi 10: un nng mt ancol n chc vi H 2SO4 ta thu hircacbon c cu to i xng, 14g hircacbon
tc dng va vi 40g Br2. Xc nh CTCT ca ancol ban u? s:C2H5OH