Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

A. TM TT L THUYT
1. nh ngha, phn loi v danh php :
a) nh ngha :
+ Anehit l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm CH=O lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t cacbon hoc nguyn t H
VD : H-CHO, CH3CHO
+ Xeton l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm >C=O lin kt trc tip vi 2 nguyn t cacbon
VD :
Cu trc nhm cacbonyl: >C=O
Nguyn t C mang lin kt i trng thi lai ha sp. Lin kt i C=O gm 1 lin kt bn v mt lin kt km bn.
Gc gia cc lin kt nhm >C=O ging vi gc gia cc lin kt >C=C< tc l 120. Trong khi lin kt C=C hu nh
khng phn cc, th lin kt >C=O b phn cc mnh: nguyn t O mang mt phn in tch m, , nguyn t C mang mt
phn in tch dng, +. .Chnh v vy cc phn ng ca nhm >C=O c nhng im ging v nhng im khc bit so vi
nhm >C=C<.
b) Phn loi :
- Da theo gc hidrocacbon : no, khng no, thm
- Da theo s nhm chc : n chc, a chc
c) Danh php :
* Anehit : - Tn thay th = tn h.c theo mch chnh + al
- Tn thng : Mt s anehit n gin c gi theo tn thng thng c ngun gc lch s
VD :
Anehit
Tn thay th
Tn thng thng
HCH=O
Metanal
Fomanehit ( anehit fomic)
CH3CH=O
Etanal
Axetanehit (anehit axetic)
CH3CH2CH=O
Propanal
Propionanehit ( anehit propionic)
(CH3)2CHCH2CH=O
3-metylbutanal
Isovaleranehit ( anehit isovaleric)
CH3CH=CHCH=O
But-2-en-1-al
Crotonanehit ( anhit crotonic)
* Xeton : - Tn thay th = Tn h.c tng ng + v tr nhm chc + on
- Tn gc chc = tn gc h.c + xeton
VD :
Xeton
Tn thay th
Tn gc chc
CH3-C-CH3
Propan-2-on
Dimetyl xeton

O
CH3- C-CH2-CH3

But-2-on

Etyl metyl xeton

O
CH3- C-CH=CH2

But-3-en-2-on

Metyl vinyl xeton

P
P

O
2. Tnh cht ha hc :
a. Phn ng cng : c th xem lin kt C=O nh C=C
t 0 , Ni
- Cng H2 ( phn ng kh) : Anehit + H
Ancol bc 1
2
0

t , Ni
Xeton + H
2
=>Anehit ng vai tr l cht kh
- Cng H2O, HCN (hidro xianua):
+) C=O + H2O sp khng bn
VD: H2C=O + H2O H2C(OH)2 (khng bn)
+) C=O + HCN sp: xianohidrin bn

Ancol bc 2

CN
|
VD: CH 3 C CH 3 H CN CH 3 C CH 3 (xianohirin)
|
||
O
OH
b. Phn ng oxi ha
- Tc dng vi Br2 v dd KMnO4
VD: R-CHO + Br2 + H2O R-COOH + HBr

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

* Xeton khng lm mt mu 2 dd trn v n khng b oxi ha

- Tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 ( phn ng trng bc)
AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O [Ag(NH3)2]OH (phc tan)
R-CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH RCOONH4 + 2Ag + 3NH3 + H2O
=>Anehit ng vai tr l cht oxi ha
Dng nhn bit anehit
TQ: R(CHO)z + 2z AgNO3 + 3z NH3 + z H2O R(COONH4)z + 2z NH4NO3 + 2z Ag
Ring anehit fomic : HCHO + 4AgNO3 + 6NH3 + 2H2O (NH4)2CO3 + 4NH4NO3 + 4Ag
- Tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim Cu2O gch
R(CHO)z + 2zCu(OH)2 + zNaOH R(COONa)z + z Cu2O + 3z H2O
Ring andehit fomic: HCHO + 4Cu(OH)2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 + 2Cu2O + 6H2O
Trong mt s bi ton c th vit
o
R-CH=O +Ag2O ddNH
3 , t R-COOH + 2Ag
R-CH=O + 2Cu(OH)2 to R-COOH + Cu2O +2H2O
Nu R l Hydro, Ag2O d, Cu(OH)2 d:
o
H-CHO + 2Ag2O ddNH
3 , t H2O + CO2 + 4Ag
H-CH=O + 4Cu(OH)2 to 5H2O + CO2 + 2Cu2O
Cc cht: H-COOH, mui ca axit fomic, este ca axit fomic cng cho c phn ng trng gng.
o
HCOOH + Ag2O ddNH
3 , t H2O + CO2+2Ag
o
HCOONa + Ag2O ddNH
3 , t NaHCO3 + 2Ag
o
H-COOR + Ag2O ddNH
3 , t ROH + CO2 + 2Ag
Anehit va ng vai tr cht kh, va ng vai tr cht oxi ha:
+ Cht kh: Khi phn ng vi O2, Ag2O/NH3, Cu(OH)2(to)
+ Cht oxi ha khi tc dng vi H2 (Ni, to)
c. Phn ng gc h.c : Nguyn t H bn cnh nhm cacbonyl d tham gia phn ng th
VD : CH3-C-CH3 + Br2
CH3-C-CH2Br + HBr
CH 3COOH

O
O
3. iu ch:
- Phng php chung iu ch anehit v xeton l oxi ha nh ancol bc 1 v bc 2
* Fomanehit c iu ch trong cng nghip bng cch oxi ha metanol nh c oxi khng kh 600-700 0C vi xc tc
Cu hoc Ag
0
2CH3-OH + O2
Ag ,600 C 2HCH=O + 2H2O
- T hidrocacbon:
0
* Oxi ha khng hon ton metan l pp mi sx fomandhit: CH 4 + O2
NO ,600800 C HCH=O + H2O
PdCl2 ,CuCl2
* Oxi ha etilen l pp hin i sx axetan ehit: 2CH 2=CH2 + O
2CH3CH=O
2
* Oxi ha cumen ri ch ha vi axit H2SO4 thu c axeton cng vi phenol
1)O2
(CH3)2CH-C6H
tiu phn trung gian 2) H 2 SO4 20%
CH3-CO-CH3 + C6H5-OH
5

* Axetanehit cn c thm pp: CH CH + H2O HgSO4 ,80 C

CH3-CHO
MT S CH KHI GII TON
1. Anhit no, n chc, mch h c CTTQ l CnH2n + 1CHO hay CmH2mO
2. Axetilen v ankin c lin kt u mch hoc h.c c lin kt u mch tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 cho kt ta vng
cn anehit cho Ag
0

3. Da v phn ng trng gng :

nAg

2 x x la
so
nhom
chc
andehyt.
nanehyt

+ 1mol anehit n chc (R-CHO) cho 2mol Ag

+ Trng hp c bit : H-CH = O phn ng Ag2O to 4mol Ag v %O = 53,33%
Th du 1: Cht hu c X thnh phn gm C, H, O trong %O: 53,3 khi lng. Khi thc hi n phn ng trang gng, t
1 mol X 4 mol Ag. CTPT X l:
A. HCHO
B. (CHO)2
C. CH2(CHO)2
D. C2H4(CHO)2
Th du 2: Cho hn hp HCHO v H2 i qua ng ng b t Ni nung nng. Dn ton b hn hp thu u sau phn ng vo
bnh nc lnh ngng t hi cht lng v hoa tan cc cht c th tan c , thy khi lng bnh tng 11,8g.
Ly dd trong bnh cho tc dng vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 thu c 21,6g Ag. Khi lng CH 3OH to ra trong phn ng hp H 2
ca HCHO l:

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

A. 8,3g

B. 9,3g

C. 10,3g

Suy lu n: H-CHO + H2
( mCH 3OH

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

Ni
t0

D. 1,03g

CH3OH

mHCHO ) cha phn ng l 11,8g.

HCHO + 2Ag2O

NH 3

CO2 + H2O + 4 Ag

1
1 21,6
nHCHO nAg
0,05mol .
4
4 108
MHCHO = 0,05.30 = 1,5g ; mCH 3OH 11,8 1,5 10,3 g

4. Nu c hn hp hai anehit tham gia phn ng trng gng m cho 2

nAg
nandehit

4 1 trong hai anehit l HCHO

hoc anehit 2 chc v anhit cn li l n chc

5. Da trn phn ng t chy anehit no, n chc cho s mol CO2 = s mol H2O.
+ 1 nhm andehit (- CH = O) c 1 lin kt i C = O andehit no n chc ch c 1 lin kt nn khi t chy
nH 2O nCO2 (v ngc li)
+ andehit A c 2 lin kt c 2 kh nng : andehit no 2 chc ( 2 C = O) hoc andehit khng no c 1 lin kt i ( 1
trong C = O, 1 trong C = C).
0
Anehit
H 2 , xt Ancol
O2 ,t cung cho s mol CO2 bng s mol CO2 khi t anehit cn s mol H2O ca ru th
nhiu hn. S mol H2O tr i hn bng s mol H2 a c ng vo anddeehit.
Th du : t chy hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc thu c 0,4 mol CO 2. Hidro ha hon ton 2 anehit ny cn 0,2 mol
H2 thu c hn hp 2 ru no, dn chc. t chy hon ton hn hp 2 ru th s mol H2O thu c l:
A. 0,4 mol
B. 0,6mol
C. 0,8 mol
D. 0,3 mol
Suy lu n: t chy hn hp 2 anehit c 0,4 mol CO 2 th cung c 0,4 mol H2O. Hidro ha anehit a nh n thm 0,2
mol H2 th s mol ca ru tr i hn ca anehit l 0,2 mol. V y s mol H2O to ra khi t chy ru l 0,4 + 0,2 = 0,6 mol.
nCu2O
x x la
so
nhom
chc
andehyt
6.
+
n andehyt
+

nCu(OH)2 phan
ng
2 x x la
so
nhom
chc
andehyt
n andehyt

nH 2 phan
ng
x x la
( so
nhom
chc
andehyt
so
lien
ket
oi(
) C C)
nandehyt

BI TP ANEHIT XETON
Cu 1: Fomalin hay fomon c dng ngm xc ng vt, thuc da, ty u, dit trng, Fomalin l
A. dung dch rt loang ca anehit fomic.
B. dung dch axetanehit khong 40%.
C. dung dch 37 40% fomanehit trong nc.
D. tn gi ca HCH=O.
Cu 2: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng?
A. Trong phn t anehit, cc nguyn t ch lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt .
B. Hp cht RCHO c th iu ch c t RCH2OH.
C. Hp cht hu c c nhm CHO lin kt vi H l anehit.
D. Anehit c c tnh kh v tnh oxi ha.
Cu 3: S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 4: Trong cng nghip, axeton iu ch t
A. xiclopropan.
B. propan1ol.
C. propan2ol.
D. cumen.
Cu 5: Th t gim dn nhit si ca cc cht CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O l
A. H2O, CH3CHO, C2H5OH.
B. H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
C. CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH.
D. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O.
Ch : - Ancol c t C1 n C3 c ts < ts ca H2O
- Ancol t C4 tr i c c ts > ts ca H2O
Cu 6: Cho s : C6H5CH3
KMnO4 ,H 2O,t

H 3O

Y. Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

A. C6H5CHO, C6H5COOH.
B. C6H5CH2OK, C6H5CHO.
C. C6H5CH2OH, C6H5CHO.
D. C6H5COOK, C6H5COOH.
Cu 7: C th dng mt cht no trong cc cht di y nhn bit c cc cht: ancol etylic, glixerol, anehit axetic
ng trong ba l mt nhan?
A. Cu(OH)2/OH-.
B. Qu tm.
C. Kim loi Na.
D. dd AgNO3/NH3.
Cu 8: Bng 3 phng trnh phn ng c th iu ch c cao su buna t
A. HOCH2CH2OH.
B. CH3CH22CHO.
C. CH3COOH.
D. O=CHCH22CH=O.
Cu 9: Mt anehit no X mch h, khng phn nhnh, c cng thc thc nghim l (C 2H3O)n. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. O=CHCH2CH2CHO.
B. O=CHCH2CH2CH2CHO.
C. O=CHCH(CH3)CH2CHO.
D. O=CHCH(CH3)CHO.
Cu 10: Cho cc cht sau: CH3CH2CHO (1), CH2=CHCHO (2), (CH3)2CHCHO (3), CH2=CHCH2OH (4). Nhng cht
phn ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, t) cng to ra mt sn phm l
A. 2, 3, 4.
B. 1, 2, 4.
C. 1, 2, 3.
D. 1, 3, 4.
Cu 11: Cho cc s phn ng sau:
o
o
A H 2SO 4 ,170 C
B + C;
B + 2H2 Ni, t
ancol isobutylic.
o

A + CuO t
D + E + C;
D + 4AgNO3 + NH3 t
F + G + 4Ag
A c cng thc cu to l
A. (CH3)2C(OH)CHO.
B. HOCH2CH(CH3)CHO.
C. OHCCH(CH3)CHO.
D. CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO.
Cu 12: t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X mch h to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng
trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc day ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc.
B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.
D. no, hai chc.
Cu 13: Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi
nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c
mt CH3COOH. X, Y, Z ln lt l
A. C2H5CHO, CH2=CHOCH3, (CH3)2CO.
B. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CHCH2OH.
C. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CHCH2OH.
D. CH2=CHCH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO.
Cu 14: Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit X phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag.
Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. CH2=CHCHO.
C. O=CHCHO.
D. CH3CHO.
Cu 15: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong day ng ng tc dng vi CuO d nung
nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 13,75. Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt
lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 7,8.
B. 8,8.
C. 7,4.
D. 9,2.
Cu 16: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong day ng ng. Oxi ha hon ton 0,2 mol
hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO un nng thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng
d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 15,3.
B. 13,5.
C. 8,1.
D. 8,5.
Cu 17(H A-2007) : Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 (hoc Ag2O) trong
dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO 3 loang, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO(sn phm kh
duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. CH3CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. CH3CH2CHO.
D. CH2 = CHCHO
Cu 18(H A-2007) : Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3,
un nng thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu
to thu gn ca X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108)
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. OHC-CHO.
D. CH3CH(OH)CHO
Cu 19(H A-2007) : Day gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, l:
A. anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen.
B. anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2.
C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin.
D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
Cu 20(H A-2007) : Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht phn ng c vi
(CH3)2CO l
A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 1.
D. 3.
Cu 21(H B-2007) : t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a +
c).Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc day ng ng anehit
A. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.
B. no, n chc.

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

C. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.

D. no, hai chc.
Cu 22(H B-2007) : Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Cngthc ca
anehit l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. C2H5CHO.
B. CH3CHO
C. HCHO.
D. C2H3CHO
Cu 23(H B-2007) : Oxi ho 4,48 lt C2H4 ( ktc) bng O2 (xc tc PdCl2, CuCl2), thu c cht X n chc.
Ton b lng cht X trn cho tc dng vi HCN (d) th c 7,1 gam CH3CH(CN)OH (xianohirin). Hiu sut qu trnh
to CH3CH(CN)OH t C2H4 l (cho H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16)
A. 50%.
B. 60%.
C. 70%.
D. 80%.
Cu 24(H A-2008) : Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3)trong
dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch
HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l
A. C3H7CHO.
B. C4H9CHO.
C. HCHO.
D. C2H5CHO
Cu 25(H A-2008): un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon
ton ch thu c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y
thu c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra H2 c s mol bng s mol Z a phn ng. Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc.
B. no, hai chc.
C. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc.
D. no, n chc.
Cu 26(HA-2008): S ng phn xeton ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l
A. 3.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 4.
Cu 27(C-2008): Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3)
trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l
A. 21,6 gam.
B. 10,8 gam.
C. 43,2 gam.
D. 64,8 gam.
Cu 28 (C-2008): t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho X tc dng vi mt
lng d AgNO3 trong NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp 4 ln s mol X a phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. (CHO)2.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 29(C-2008): Cho day cc cht: HCHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOC2H5, HCOOH, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3. S cht trong
day tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 6.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 3.
Cu 30(C-2008): Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y
(t khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. CH3-CHOH-CH3.
B. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH.
C. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3.
D. CH3-CO-CH3.
Cu 31(HB-2008): Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn
ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi
brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH.
B. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO.
C. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO.
D. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH.
Cu 32 (HB-2008): Oxi ha 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X gm
HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu
sut ca phn ng oxi ha CH3OH l
A. 76,6%.
B. 80,0%.
C. 65,5%.
D. 70,4%.
Cu 33(HA-2009): Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H 2O v 7,84 lt kh CO 2
( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l
A. 46,15%.
B. 35,00%.
C. 53,85%.
D. 65,00%.
Cu 34(HA-2009): Day gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip bng mt phn ng to ra anehit axetic l
A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4.
B. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2.
C. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5.
D. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH.
Cu 35(HA-2009): Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c
54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, to) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol H 2. Cht X
c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0).
B. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0).
C. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2).
D. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2).
Cu 36(HB-2009): t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H2O v 0,4368 lt kh CO2 ktc.
Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l
A. O=CHCH=O.
B. CH2=CHCH2OH.
C. CH3COCH3.
D. C2H5CHO.

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

Cu 37(HB-2009): Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit

phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l
A. HOCH2CH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CH2CHO.
B. HOCH2CHO v HOCH2CH2CHO.
C. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2CH3.
D. HOCH(CH3)CHO v HOOCCH2CHO.
Cu 38(HB-2009): Hiro ha hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
day ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cung m gam X th cn va
17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 17,8.
B. 24,8.
C. 10,5.
D. 8,8.
Cu 39(HB-2009): t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO 2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na,
tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH.
B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO.
C. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO.
D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO.
Cu 40 (C-2009): Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong day ng ng tc
dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. HCHO v C2H5CHO.
B. HCHO v CH3CHO.
C. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO.
D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
Cu 41 (C-2009): Hiro ha hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
day ng ng (MX < MY), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton
M thu c 30,8 gam CO2. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l
A. HCHO v 50,56%.
B. CH3CHO v 67,16%.
C. CH3CHO v 49,44%.
D. HCHO v 32,44%.
Cu 42(HA-2010): Axeton c iu ch bng cch oxi ho cumen nh oxi, sau thu phn trong dung dch H 2SO4
loang. thu c 145 gam axeton th lng cumen cn dng (gi s hiu sut qu trnh iu ch t 75%) l
A. 400 gam.
B. 600 gam.
C. 300 gam.
D. 500 gam.
Cu 43(HA-2010): Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong
NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,5.
B. 10,9.
C. 14,3.
D. 10,2
Cu 44(HA-2010): Hiro ho cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l
A. metyl isopropyl xeton.
B. 2-metylbutan-3-on.
C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol.
D. 3-metylbutan-2-on.
Cu 45(HB-2010): Cho hn hp M gm anehit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hirocacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2 (s
mol ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 7,2 gam H2O. Hirocacbon Y l
A. C3H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2.
Cu 46(HB-2010): Cho phn ng: 2 C6H5-CHO + KOH C6H5-COOK + C6H5-CH2-OH
Phn ng ny chng t C6H5-CHO
A. ch th hin tnh oxi ho.
B. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho.
C. va th hin tnh oxi ho, va th hin tnh kh.
D. ch th hin tnh kh.
Cu 47 (C-2010): Oxi ho khng hon ton ancol isopropylic bng CuO nung nng, thu c cht hu c X. Tn gi ca
X l
A. metyl phenyl xeton.
B. metyl vinyl xeton.
C. imetyl xeton.
D. propanal.
Cu 48(HA-2011): t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO 2 bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu kin
nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X
l
A. anehit fomic.
B. anehit axetic.
C. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc.
D. anehit no, mch h, hai chc.
Cu 49(HA-2011): X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O. X tc dng c vi Na v
khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng c vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc. Z khng tc dng c vi Na
v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH3-CO- CH3, CH3- CH2-CHO, CH2=CH- CH2-OH.
B. CH3- CH2-CHO, CH3-CO- CH3, CH2=CH- CH2-OH.
C. CH2=CH- CH2-OH, CH3-CO- CH3, CH3- CH2-CHO.
D. CH2=CH- CH2-OH, CH3- CH2-CHO, CH3-CO- CH3.
Cu 50(HA-2011): Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai?
A. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom.

Chuyn : ANEHIT - XETON

GV: Nguyn Vn Giang THPT Nguyn Du

B. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H2O to thnh sn phm khng bn.

C. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn.
D. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom
Cu 51(HB-2011): Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x mol
hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l
A. 50%.
B. 40%.
C. 30%.
D. 20%.
Cu 52(HB-2011): hiro ho hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lt H 2
(ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cung lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 th thu c 8,64 gam
Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l
A. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO.
B. OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO.
C. CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO.
D. H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO.
Cu 53(HB-2011): Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam
X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam Ag v dung
dch E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO 2 (ktc). Tn ca Z l
A. anehit axetic.
B. anehit acrylic.
C. anehit propionic.
D. anehit butiric
Cu 54(HB-2011): X l hn hp gm H2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn t u c s nguyn t C
nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi heli l 9,4.
Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 13,44.
B. 5,6.
C. 11,2.
D. 22,4
Cu 55(HA-2012): Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton b cc cht
hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat
ha axetilen l
A. 80%.
B. 70%.
C. 92%.
D. 60%.
Cu 56(HB-2012): Cho 0,125 mol anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 27
gam Ag. Mt khc, hiro ho hon ton 0,25 mol X cn va 0,5 mol H2. Day ng ng ca X c cng thc chung l
A. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0).
B. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2).
C. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2).
D. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0).
Cu 57 (HB-2012): Oxi ha 0,08 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic, mt
anehit, ancol d v nc. Ngng t ton b X ri chia lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt cho tc dng ht vi Na
d, thu c 0,504 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn hai cho phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c 9,72 gam Ag. Phn trm khi
lng ancol b oxi ho l
A. 50,00%.
B. 62,50%.
C. 31,25%.
D. 40,00%.