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In Ku Kim-Marshall
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STEP BY STEP
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Korean 1
through
15 Action Verbs
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................... 3
About this book ............................................................................................................... 6
How to use this book .................................................................................................... 8
Unit 1
The Korean Alphabet, hangeul (한글)
1. Korean Sounds and Hangeul Letters .................................................... 10
2. How to Read Korean Words .................................................................. 12
3. How to Construct Korean Words.......................................................... 21
4. How to Write Korean Words.................................................................. 23
Unit 2
Korean Sentences with 15 Action Verbs
Introduction ................................................................................................ 34
Chapter 1. 가다 [ga-da]- to go ......................................................... 38
Chapter 2. 공부하다 [gong-bu-ha-da]- to study .................. 42
Chapter 3. 마시다 [ma-si-da]- to drink ...................................... 46
Chapter 4. 만나다 [man-na-da]- to meet ................................. 50
Chapter 5. 말하다 [mal-ha-da]- to speak ................................. 54
Review Exercises 01~05 ............................................................... 58
Unit 3
Korean Culture
Introduction ............................................................................................. 117
1. 세종대왕 [se-jong-dae-wang] :
King Sejong the Great and hangeul, the Korean alphabet ..... 119
2. 태극기 [tae-geug-gi] : The Korean National Flag ............. 120
3. 단군 [dan-gun] : The Founder of Gojoseon,
“the Oldest Kingdom of Korea”(2333 B.C. ~ 108 B.C.) 121
4. 추석 [chu-seok] : Harvest Moon Festival ............................... 122
5. 돌[dol]·환갑[hwan-gap] : Korean Family Celebrations ..... 123
6. 윷 [Yut] 놀이 [nori] : Traditional Korean Game ...................... 125
7. 불고기 [bulgogi]·김치 [kimchi] : Korean Food ...................... 126
Appendix
A. Pronunciation Rules Continued .......................................................... 130
B. Basic Korean Grammar : Review ....................................................... 131
5
About this book
Starting to learn a new language can be an intimidating experience for students, especially
if they are using a self-study method. This book is a fun and easy way to help students
learn to read and speak simple Korean.
Sample sentences built with 15 commonly used verbs will introduce simple vocabulary
and basic points of Korean grammar. This way, students can make progress right from the
start. They can then build on the knowledge gained here by continuing with the rest of this
three-book series.
beginning level study with the most common verbs and nouns
introduction of basic Korean grammar rules for verb usage
repetition of sentences on each page, allowing the student to learn vocabulary and
grammar at the same time
introduction of the basic sentence structure in the present tense
grammar notes on each page
vocabulary lists at the end of each page making it easy for the student to learn
important words
verbs followed by exercises to reinforce the knowledge of the verb’ s use
pictures that enable the student to relate what they’ re learning to a visual image
The author hopes that the learner can develop knowledge and interest in Korean and that
he/she will continue to deepen his/her understanding of the Korean language and culture.
7
How to use this book
b. Vowels : 21 letters
Single Vowel : 10 letters
Hangeul Letter Sound Value Name of letter Example
ㅏ [a] 아 [a] father
ㅑ [ya] 야 [ya] yacht
ㅓ [eo] 어 [eo] about
ㅕ [yeo] 여 [yeo] young
ㅗ [o] 오 [o] home
ㅛ [yo] 요 [yo] yo-yo
ㅜ [u] 우 [u] mood
ㅠ [yu] 유 [yu] you
ㅡ [eu] 으 [eu] put
ㅣ [i] 이 [i] bee
Vowels by themselves must always be preceeded by“o”(silent), because Korean
words always begin with a consonant.
11
Double Vowel : 11 letters
Hangeul letter Sound value Name of letter Example
ㅐ [ae] 애 [ae] cat
ㅒ [yae] 얘 [yae] yam
ㅔ [e] 에 [e] bet, pen
ㅖ [ye] 예 [ye] yes
ㅘ [wa] 와 [wa] wine
ㅙ [wae] 왜 [wae] quack
ㅚ [we] 외 [we] when
ㅝ [weo] 워 [weo] wonder
ㅞ [we] 웨 [we] when
ㅟ [wi] 위 [wi] we
ㅢ [eui] 의 [eui] -
Ⅰ. ㄱ + ㅏ ㄱ [g]
가 [ga] + 고 [go]
[g] [a] ㅗ [o]
Ⅱ. ㄱ + ㅏ ㄱ [g]
[g] [a] +
+ 각 [gak] ㅗ [o] 곳 [got]
ㄱ +
[k] ㅅ[t]
At the end of a word, ㄱ is pronounced as [k], ㅅ is pronounced as [t], when the word is
not followed by another word.
When the double consonants ㅂㅅ and ㄹㅅ are used as final consonants and are followed
by ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅅ or ㅈ, they are pronounced as single finals [p], and the ㅅ is not
pronounced.
머리 [meo-ri]
head 모기 [mo-gi] mosquito
ㅁ [m]
모자 [mo-ja]
hat 무 [mu] radish
바다 [ba-da]
sea 바지 [ba-ji] trousers
ㅂ [b]
보리 [bo-ri]
barley 비누 [bi-nu] soap
사자 [sa-ja]
lion 소나무 [so-na-mu] pine tree
ㅅ [s] 수저 [su-jeo]
spoon and 스승 [seu-seung] teacher
chopsticks
아버지 [a-beo-ji] father 어머니 [eo-meo-ni] mother
ㅇ [Ø]* 오리 [o-ri] duck 우유 [u-yu] milk
* Initial“o”is silent.
13
자유 [ja-yu] freedom 자두 [ja-du] plum
ㅈ [j]
주사 [ju-sa] injection 지구 [ji-gu] globe
차 [cha] car, tea 초 [cho] candle
ㅊ [ch]
층 [cheung] floor 치마 [chi-ma] skirt
코 [ko] nose 소쿠리 [so-ku-ri] basket
ㅋ [k]
키 [ki] height 코끼리 [ko-ggi-ri] elephant
타자기 [ta-ja-gi] typewriter 투수 [tu-su] pitcher
ㅌ [t]
토끼 [to-ggi] rabbit 타조 [ta-jo] ostrich
파도 [pa-do] wave 포도 [po-do] grape
ㅍ [p]
피부 [pi-bu] skin 파리 [pa-ri] fly
하마 [ha-ma] hippo 허리 [heo-ri] waist
ㅎ [h]
휴지 [hyu-ji] tissue 호도 [ho-do] walnut
까치 [gga-chi] magpie 꾸러미 [ggu-reo-mi] bundle
ㄲ [gg]
꼬마 [ggo-ma] kid 꿈 [ggum] dream
따다 [dda-da] to pick 띠 [ddi] belt
ㄸ [dd]
뜨다 [ddeu-da] to rise 또다시 [ddo-da-si] again
빵 [bbang] bread 빠르다 [bba-reu-da] to be fast
ㅃ [bb]
바쁘다 [ba-bbeu-da] to be busy 기쁘다 [gi-bbeu-da] to be happy
싸우다 [ssa-u-da] to fight 쏘다 [sso-da] to shoot
ㅆ [ss]
쓰다 [sseu-da] to write 쌀 [ssal] rice
짜다 [jja-da] to be salty 쪽 [jjok] piece, direction
ㅉ [jj]
찌다 [jji-da] to steam 찌개 [jji-gae] stew
b. Vowels : 21 letters
가수 [ga-su] singer 나비 [na-bi] butterfly
ㅏ [a]
다리 [da-ri] leg, bridge 아기 [a-gi] baby
야구 [ya-gu] baseball 야자수 [ya-ja-su] palm tree
ㅑ [ya]
야만 [ya-man] savage 대야 [dae-ya] washbowl
거리 [geo-ri] street 머리 [meo-ri] head
ㅓ [eo]
버스 [beo-seu] bus 허리 [heo-ri] waist
여자 [yeo-ja] woman 벼 [byeo] rice plant
ㅕ [yeo]
여우 [yeo-u] fox 여름 [yeo-reum] summer
15
Reading PracticeⅡ: continued
c. Third position consonants : 8 pronunciation groups
In Korean, the 2nd and 3rd consonants in a word are referred to as 받
침. 받침 must always be 1 or 2 consonants and all fall into eight
pronunciation groups:
ㄴ is pronounced as [n
n]. This letter sound does not
change, whatever the position.
Ex. nun
눈 [n n] eye, snow n-ji] letter
편지 [pyeon
안개 [ann-gae] fog n] towel
수건 [su-geon
17
4
ㅁ is pronounced as [m
m]. This letter sound does not
change, whatever the position.
Ex. m] spring
봄 [bom m-sim
점심 [jeom m] lunch
m] night, chestnut
밤 [bam 마음 [ma-eumm] heart
ㅇ is pronounced as [-
-ng], when a word ends with
“ㅇ.”
Ex. ng] river
강 [gan ng]
방 [ban room
ng] ball
공 [gon 영국 [yeonng-guk] England
8
Ex. ㅎ+ㄱ k]
[k 놓고 [no-kko] put and
ko](it’
좋고 [jo-k s) fine and
ㅎ+ㅈ ch]
[c chi]
좋지 [jo-c
놓지 [no-cchi]
Ex. 에 [so-g
속에 ge] inside 에 [han-gu-g
한국에 ge] in Korea
에 [bu-eo-k
부엌에 ke] in the kitchen 에 [ba-g
밖에 gge] outside
에 [mi-tte]
밑에 이 [bi-c
under, on the bottom 빛이 chi] the light is
에 [na-jje]
낮에 during the day 옷이 [o-ssi] the clothes are
이 [su-eo-b
수업이 bi] class 이 [ji-geo-b
직업이 bi] the job is
으로 [a-p
앞으 peu-ro] to the front 에 [yeo-p
옆에 pe] to the side
Reading PracticeⅢ:
안녕하세요? [an-nyeong-ha-se-yo] (안녕!) Hello, Hi
Used as a greeting in the morning, in the afternoon, and in the
evening.
19
3. How to Construct Korean Words
There are six ways to construct Korean words using Hangeul. These 6 ways can
be sub-divided into two parts, each consisting of 3 types of word constructions, as
described below in part A and B.
Construction of a Korean word must always begin with a single or
double consonant.
Part A (1-3)
When the first vowel in a word is“ㅏ, ㅑ, ㅓ, ㅕ, or l,”
the word is constructed by having the letters arranged
horizontally. (c-consonant: v -vowel)
Ex.
c+v ㄱ+ㅏ 가
The 1st consonant stands side by side with a vowel. The 2nd
consonant is written below the combined c+v. The 2nd consonant is
받침 [bat-chim]). 받침 can be 1 or
referred to as the third position (받
2 consonants but must always be a consonant.
21
Part B (4-6)
When the final vowel in the word is,“ㅗ, ㅛ, ㅜ, ㅠ or ㄱ
ㅡ,”the word is constructed by having the letters
arranged vertically.
Ex. c ㄱ
+ + 고
v ㅗ
Ex. c ㄱ
+ +
v ㅗ 곳
+ +
c (받침) ㅅ
Ex. c ㄱ
+ +
v ㅗ 곬
+ +
c c (받침) ㄹ ㅅ
a. Consonants : 19 letters
The fourteen consonants are shown below in Korean alphabetical order with
the direction and sequence of the strokes. The romanized letters are their
sound value.
ㄱ g
ㄲ gg
ㄴ n
ㄷ d/t
23
ㄸ dd
ㄹ r/l
ㅁ m
ㅂ b/p
ㅃ bb
ㅅ s
ㅇØ
ㅈ j
ㅉ jj
ㅊ ch
25
ㅋ k
ㅌ t
ㅍ p
ㅎ h
ㅏ a
ㅐ ae
ㅑ ya
ㅒ yae
ㅓ eo
27
ㅔ e
ㅕ yeo
ㅖ ye
ㅗ o
ㅘ wa
ㅙ wae
28 STEP BY STEP KOREAN (1) through 15 Action Verbs
ㅚ oe
ㅛ yo
ㅜ u
ㅝ weo
ㅞ we
29
ㅟ ui
ㅠ yu
ㅡ eu
ㅢ eui
l i
ㄱ- - - - - - - - - - - - -
2. Fill in the boxes alphabetically.
ㅏ- - - - - - - - -
4. Please fill in the gaps in alphabetical order.
ㅏ- - -ㅕ- -ㅛ -ㅠ- -ㅣ
5. Write the words in alphabetical order.
ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅅ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ
가지 호수 나무 오이 라디오
치마 파도 사자 마음 불고기
자두 타다 크다 다리
① ⑧
② ⑨
③ ⑩
④ ⑪
⑤ ⑫
⑥ ⑬
⑦ ⑭
31
Unit 2 : Introduction
In Korean, verbs are conjugated in 4 different forms depending on whom is being
addressed. These forms are:
Polite formal,
Polite informal,
Plain and
Intimate Speech style
(See detail in Appendix, page 135)
가 다 공부하 다
stem
오다 (to come) 오+-아요 와요
stem
b. When the Vst ends with any vowel except ㅏ or ㅗ, then the
ending changes this way ⇒ Vst+-어요
stem
일하다 (to work) 일하+-여요 일해요
stem
35
Note: When conjugating some verbs, certain vowel combinations occur, which
are then contracted. The following are examples of contraction rules:
Ex.
Example:
contraction Verb polite informal conjugation
(Vst+-아/어/여요)
아+아 = ㅏ [a] 가다 (to go) 가+-아요 가요
오+아 = ㅘ [wa] 오다 (to come) 오+-아요 와요
우+어 = ㅝ [weo] 주다 (to give) 주+-어요 줘요
어+어 = ㅓ [eo] 서다 (to stand) 서+-어요 서요
이+어 = ㅕ [yeo] 마시다 (to drink) 마시+-어요 마셔요
아+여 = ㅐ [ae] 일하다 (to work) 일하+-여요 일해요
Note: The verb in the Korean language never changes regardless of whether
the subject is singular or plural, personal pronoun third person (he, she,
it), or a proper noun (Georgetown University). Also, Korean never uses
capital letters or cursive.
37
Chapter. 01 가다 (to go)
나는 학교에 가요.
I go to school.
Vocabulary
가다 to go
가요 (가+-아요)-present tense
어디(에) (to) where
나(는) I (topic marker)
학교(에) (to) school / 학교-school
나는
나는
학교에 가요.
Grammar Notes
-은/는 Topic marker. When attached to a noun, it shows the subject
of the sentence, or“contrast,” (See p.132)
어디 “where”
39
Exercises 01
1. Fill in the blanks with“은”or“는”
.
ⓐ 나( ) 학교에 가요.
ⓐ 나는 학교( ) 가요.
ⓐ I go to school.
ⓒ We go to Florida.
Ch. 01
answer in each line.
Ex.
나는 학교에 가요.
ⓐ나 ⓑ 가요. ⓒ 학교 ⓓ에
가다 (to go)
ⓐ 가요. ⓑ 학교 ⓒ는 ⓓ나
ⓐ 학교 ⓑ나 ⓒ에 ⓓ 가요.
ⓐ 학교에 가요 나는.
ⓑ 가요 나는 학교에.
ⓒ 나는 가요 학교에.
ⓓ 나는 학교에 가요.
41
Chapter. 02 공부하다 (to study)
나는 한국말을 공부해요.
I study Korean.
Vocabulary
공부하다 to study
공부해요 (공부하+-여요)-present
tense
나(는) I (topic marker)
한국말(을) Korean language (object particle)
나는
나는 공부해요.
나는 한국말을 공부해요.
Grammar Notes
-을/를 Object particle. It comes after a noun and shows the“object”
of the verb.
i. When a noun ends in a consonant, “-을”
Ex. 친구가 한국말을 공부해요. (친구-friend)
ii. When a noun ends in a vowel, “-를”
Ex. 친구가 영어를 공부해요. (영어-English)
My friend studies English.
Personal Pronoun These forms are used when the speaker talks to a
subordinate or an equal.
singular plural
I 나 we 우리(들)*
you 너 you 너희(들)
he 그
그들
she 그녀 they
it 그것 그것들
43
Exercises 02
1. Fill in the blanks with“을”or“를.”
Ch. 02
ⓐ 한국말을 수진 공부해요.
ⓑ 공부해요 나는 영어를
ⓒ 우리들은 공부해요 영어
ⓓ 우리들 영어를 공부해요.
ⓔ 우리들은 한국말을 공부해요.
Ch. 02
below.
ⓐ 공부해요 중국어를 나는
45
Chapter. 03 마시다 (to drink)
동생이 물을 마셔요.
My younger sibling drinks water.
Vocabulary
마시다 to drink
마셔요(마시+-어요)-present tense
내 my (shortened form of 나의-my)
동생(이) younger sibling (subject particle)
물(을) water (object particle)
운동 exercise
후에 after
지금 now