(DeThiThu - Net) Tu Duy Giai 205 Bai Toan Hinh Oxy

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PHNG PHP T DUY GII 205 BI HNH HC PHNG OXY
Website: http://dethithu.net su tm v ng ti
Tc gi: Ha Lm Phong
De
Cu 1. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AD = 2AB, gi M, N ln lt l trung

im ca cnh AD, BC. Trn ng thng MN ly im K sao cho N l trung im ca on thng MK.
Tm ta cc nh A, B, C, D bit K (5; 1) , phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AC : 2 x y 3 0 v
im A c tung dng. .
http://dethithu.net
(Trch thi th tnh Bc Ninh nm 2014)
Nhn xt v tng :
iTh
Th
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Bi ton trn c th chia thnh hai bc:

+ Bc 1: chng minh AC KD (dng gi thit quan trng ny lm tip bc 2)
+ Bc 2: vn dng AC KD vo vic gii tm ta ca 4 nh A, B, C, D.
Bc 1: Nhn xt u tin sau khi dng hnh xong l pht hin KD AC. chng minh KD AC
c rt nhiu cch trong c th k n:
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Cch 1: Chng minh KDC ACD 90 (chng minh tng 2 gc trong
mt tam gic bng 90o suy ra gc DHC 90 Ta c DAC ACD 90 nn ta cn chng minh
DAC MKD (2 gc ny bng nhau do 2 tam gic MKD ACD )
Cch 2: Vn vi tng nh cch 1, ta chng minh HDC ACD 90 suy ra DHC 90
Ta c DAC ACD 90 DAC HDC (2 gc ny bng nhau do tan DAC tan HDC , d hiu hn
chng ta c th m rng hnh ch nht ABCD thnh hnh vung ADEF (v bn c s khng cn qu xa l
vi vic chng minh AC KD)
Cch 3: Dng h trc ta Bxy nh hnh v ta ha cc im v iu phi chng minh
tng ng vi AC.KD 0 . (Bn c c th xem hnh v hiu r hn)
Cch 4: Da trn tng chng minh AC.KD 0 Ta s dng tch v hng gia hai vct
a.b | a | .| b | .cos(a, b) . C th trong bi ny ta s gi M = BC KD chuyn bi ton chng minh

AC.KD 0 thnh AC.MD 0 (Ta s dng quy tc chn im to ra cc tch v hng bng 0 hoc cc
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cnh c di v hp gc c th).
Cch 5: Ta cng c th chng minh im thuc ng trn da trn cch chng minh t gic
ni tip. C th trong bi ny ta s chng minh H nhn AK di mt gc vung Xt thy M cng
ang nhn AK di mt gc vung Ta s chng minh AMHK l t gic ni tip ta cn chng
De
minh DAC MKD (2 gc lin tip cng nhn 1 cnh MH bng nhau) (vic chng minh ny cng tng t
nh cch 1 v cch 2).
Cch 6: Ta c th vn dng nh l o Pytago chng minh HCD H AC KD
thc hin iu ny bn cn tnh s o ca 3 cnh HC, HD, CD theo 1 cnh cn li hoc mt cnh cho
trc ng thi vn dng nh l thun Thales do xt thy IC KD = H v IK // CD).
Ngoi ra cc bn cn c th chng minh bng cch gin tip i ng chuyn t bi ton
chng minh vung gc sang song song, hoc chng minh trong tam gic vung ng trung tuyn xut pht
t nh c gc vung bng na cnh huyn, v,v,
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Th
Bc 2: Sau khi chng minh AC KD. Ta c th i tip theo hai hng sau:
+ Hng th 1: (to thm phng trnh ng thng mi)
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_ Vit phng trnh KD H = KD AC ta H.
_ Vn dng nh l thun Thales cch 6) Ta tm c t s di HK v HD chuyn
KH kKD KH k KD, (k 0) ta im D.
_ Vit phng trnh ng thng AD qua im D v c vct php tuyn l
v AD to vi AC mt gc vi cos
n (a; b), (a 2 b 2 0)
AD
AD
2
AC
5
AD 2 CD 2
iTh
_ Sau khi vit c phng trnh AD tm c ta im A ta tm M ta tm I

ca hnh ch nht ABCD (da trn quan h MK = 3MI MK 3MI ).
_ C ta tm I (l trung im AC v BD) ta ca B v C.
+ Hng th 2: (tm ta im A thng qua di AK)
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_ Vit phng trnh KD H = KD AC ta H.
_ Tham s ha im A theo ng AC 1 n nn cn mt phng trnh di AK = ?
_ Da vo nh l thun Thales cch 6 ta tnh c di
AK.
4
AH AC
2
CD KI
5
3
_ C ta im A
ta C ta trung im I
ta D ta B.
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Hng dn gii chng minh AC KD : Gi H = AC KD
* Cch 1: Ta c MKD = ACD (c-g-c) DAC MKD .
Ta c: DAC ACD 90 MKD ACD 90 HDC ACD 90
Suy ra DHC 90 HCD H AC KD ti H

* Cch 2: Dng hnh vung ADEF sao cho K l trung im EF. http://dethithu.net
CD 1
tan DAC
AD
2
Ta c:
tan DAC tan MKD DAC MKD
tan MKD MD 1
MK 2
Ta c: DAC ACD 90 KDE ACD 90 HDC ACD 90
Suy ra DHC 90 HCD H AC KD ti H

* Cch 3: Dng h trc Bxy nh hnh v, t cnh AB = a > 0 AD = 2AB = 2a
Ta c: A(0; a), C (2a; 0), D(2a; a), K (a; a)
AC (2a; a)
AC.KD 2a 2 2a 2 0 AC KD ti H
Mt khc
KD (a; 2a)
* Cch 4: Gi M = KD BC.
Xt: AC.MD AD DC . MC CD AD.MC DC.MC AD.CD DC.CD
iTh
Th
De
2
AD.MC AD.MC.cos( AD; MC ) 2a. 2 cos 0 a
DC.MC 0 (do CD MC )
nn AC.MD a2 a2 0
Vi
AD.CD 0 (do AD CD)
DC.CD CD a 2
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Suy ra AC MD AC KD ti H
* Cch 5:
Suy ra HC
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CD 1
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tan DAC
AD
2
Ta c:
tan DAC tan KDE DAC KDE
tan KDE KE 1
DE 2
Suy ra t gic AMHK l tc gic ni tip (2 gc lin tip cng nhn 1 cnh bng nhau)
M M nhn AK di mt gc vung H nhn AK di mt gc vung HAK H
Suy ra AC KD ti H
* Cch 6: Gi M = KD BC.
IH
HD IK
3
Ta c KI // CD v IC KD = H, theo nh l thun Thales ta c:
HC HK CD 2
2
2
2CD 5
2
2
AC CD 5
IH IC
v HD HK KD
3
5
5
3
5
5
5
CD 2
2
HC
5
Xt
HC 2 HD 2 CD 2 (theo nh l o Pytago) HCD H AC KD
2
HD 2 4CD
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Hng dn gii hng th 1:
* Gi H = AC KD. Do KD AC: 2x + y - 3 = 0 KD: x - 2y + m = 0.
KD qua K(5; -1) m = -7. Vy KD: x - 2y - 7 = 0
13
2
3
0
13 11
5
* Ta H l nghim ca h:
H ;
5 5
x 2 y 7 0
y 11
IH
HD IK
3
2
2
* Ta c
(theo nh l thun Thales) HD KH HD KH

HC HK CD 2
3
3
De
13 2 13
xD 5 3 5 5
x 1
Suy ra
D
D(1; 3)
y 11 2 11 1 yD 3
D 5 3 5
2
2
* Gi n (a; b), (a b 0) l vct php tuyn ca AD.
ng thng AD qua D c dng l: a(x - 1) + b(y + 3) = 0

Ta c cos CAD
AD
AD
2
2
2
AC
5
AD CD
Th
Mt khc cos CAD | cos( AD; AC ) |
| n.nAC |
| 2a b |
2
2
2
| n | . | nAC |
5
5 a b
b 0 AD : x 1 0
Suy ra (2a b) 2 4(a 2 b 2 )

3b 4a AD : 3x 4 y 9 0
* TH1: Vi AD: 3x + 4y + 9 = 0.
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iTh
21
2x y 3 0
21 27
5
Ta c A = AD AC Ta A l nghim ca h
A ;
5 5
3x 4 y 9 0
y 27
Loi v A c tung dng.

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* TH2: Vi AD: x - 1 = 0
2 x y 3 0 x 1
A 1;1
Ta c A = AD AC Ta A l nghim ca h
x 1 0
y 1
Nhn v A c tung dng.
Do M l trung im AD M(1; - 1).
Gi I l tm hnh ch nht ABCD, ta c MK 3MI I (2; 1)
Mt khc I l trung im AC v BD B(3;1) v C(3; -3)

Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;1), B(3;1), C (3; 3), D(1; 3)
Hng dn gii hng th 2:

* Gi H = AC KD. Do KD AC: 2x + y - 3 = 0 KD: x - 2y + m = 0.
KD qua K(5; -1) m = -7. Vy KD: x - 2y - 7 = 0
13
2x y 3 0
13 11
5
* Ta H l nghim ca h:
H ;
5 5
x 2 y 7 0
y 11
* Ta c A AC: 2x + y - 3 = 0 A(a; 3 - 2a).
Do A c tung dng nn 3 - 2a > 0 a
3
v KA (a 5; 4 2a)
2
Mt khc AK KD 5 KH 5 d [ K ; AC ] 5 . | 5.2 1.1 3 | 2 5

3
4 1
a 1(n)
3
Suy ra AK 20 (a 5) (4 2a) 20
a . Vy A(1;1) .
21
a (l )
2
5
AC 3IC
AC 3 AC
IH
HD IK
3
AH AI IH
5 2
10 4
* Li c
2
HC HK CD 2
AC
AC
AC
AC
5
2
De
5 13
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xC 1 4 5 1
xC 3
5
Suy ra AC AH
C (3; 3)
4
y 1 5 11 1 yC 3
C
4 5
* Gi I l tm hnh ch nht ABCD I l trung im AC v BD v I(2;-1)
Ta c
IK
3
2
I (2; 1)
CD IK D(1; 3)
B(3;1)
CD 2
3
Th
Li bnh: C th thy bi ton vn dng linh hot rt nhiu k thut, phng php gii quyt cc
i tng cn tm. V phn chng minh vung gc, nh cc bn thy, vi nhiu phng n tip cn khc
nhau chng ta c nhiu cch chng minh khc nhau. V sau khi chng minh c AC KD th c 2
hng gii sau ta thy c sc mnh ca vic vn dng nh l Thales cng nh cch m chng ta
chuyn ng thc di v ng thc vct.
Cu 2. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c A(4; 0) , phng trnh ng thng cha
trung tuyn k t B ca tam gic ABC l 7 x 4 y 5 0 v phng trnh ng thng cha trung trc cnh
BC : 2 x 8 y 5 0 . Tm ta cc im B, C, D.
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iTh
(Trch thi th khi A, THPT Chuyn L T Trng, Cn Th, nm 2014)
Nhn xt v tng :
_ D dng nhn thy BD : 7 x 4 y 5 0 . Da vo tinh cht ca ng trung trc BC th d va vung BC
et
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nn d vung AD vit phng trinh AD AD BD D nn ta tm c ta im D.

_ n y tm ta tm im B v C th ta ch cn tm ta ca I l giao im ca 2 ng cheo AC
v BD. Da vo cng thc trung im ta biu din ta B v C theo ta ca im I.
_ Cui cng c hai hng i tip:
+ Hng th 1: Gi K l trung im BC v biu din ta K theo ta B v C. Khi K cng
thuc ng thng trung trc ca BC.
+ Hng th 2: Ta c BC.ud 0 . Gii phng trinh trn tm B v C. Mi bn c cng xem li
gii.
Hng dn gii :
* T gi thit ta c BD : 7 x 4 y 5 0 .
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AD i qua A(4;0) v vung gc vi d : 2 x 8 y 5 0 suy ra phng trnh AD : 4 x y 16 0
7 x 4 y 5 0
x 3
D(3; 4)
y 4
4 x y 16 0
* Ta D tha mn h
C (2a 4; 2b)
* Gi I (a; b) l giao im ca 2 ng cho AC v BD
B(2a 3; 2b 4)
4a 7
; 2b 2
2
a 1
J d
4a 7 8(2b 2) 5 0
* Mt khc
1
7a 4b 5 0
I BD
b 2
Khi ta trung im ca BC l J
De
Do ta ca B(-1; 3) v C(-2; -1)

Vy ta cc im cn tm l B(1;3), C (2; 1), D(3; 4)
Th
Li bnh: C th thy c ngay vai tr ca giao im 2 ng cho hnh binh hanh trong vic gii quyt
bi toan tm im trn. Trong cc bi tp v d minh ha, tc gi cng nhn mnh n vic chuyn cc quan
h cha bit gia cc im v cc quan h vi giao im trn.
Cu 3. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD y ln CD. Cc ng thng AC, BD ln
lt c phng trinh 2 x y 1 0 v x 2 y 1 0 . Gi M l trung im ca AB. Xc nh ta cc nh
A, B, C, D bit ng DM c phng trinh 3x 8 y 11 0 v B c honh m.
(Trch thi th THPT Nguyn c Mu, Ngh An, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng :
et
u.N
iTh
_ D dng tm c ta D do D DB DM v ng thi im mi I vi I AC BD .
_ Do tnh cht ca hnh thang cn nn AC = BD nn IA = IB suy ra tam gic IAB cn ti I. V vy MI
vung gc AB.
_ Ta c th tham s A theo AC, B theo BD (2 n nn cn 2 phng trinh) v biu din ta M theo ta
A v B. Do M thuc DM nn ta c pt (1). Mt khc MI vung AB (pt (2)). T y gii (1) v (2) ta
tm c ta A v B.
_ Khi C CD AC nn ta ch cn lp phng trinh ng thng CD qua D v CD // AB.
Hng dn gii :
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x 2 y 1 0
x7
D(7; 4)
* Ta c ta D tha mn h
3x 8 y 11 0 y 4
1
x 2 y 1 0
1 1
3
V ta I tha mn h
I ;
3 3
2 x y 1 0
y1
De
a 2b 1 2a b 1
A AC A(a;1 2a)
;
* Ta c
. Ta li c M l trung im AB nn M
2
2
B BD B(1 2b; b)
13a 2b 11
ab 0
IM AB
a 1
suy ra A(1;3), B(3; 1)

* Mt khc,
a b 2
3
M DM
b 1
1
b
2
* Phng trnh CD qua D v nhn IM lm vecto php tuyn v C l giao im gia AC v CD nn ta

c ta C (4; 7)
Vy ta cc im tha yu cu bi ton l: A(1;3), B(3; 1), C (4; 7), D(7; 4)
Cu 4. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic u ABC ni tip ng trn (C): x y 4 y 4 0 v
cnh AB c trung im M thuc ng thng d : 2 x y 1 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh
AB v tm ta im C.
(Trch thi th ln 4, THPT Qu V, Bc Ninh, nm 2013)
2
Th
Nhn xt v tng :
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iTh
_ vit phng trnh ng AB ta chc chn phi s dng gi thit lin quan n trung im M m c th
y l tm ta im M. Do M thuc d nn ta ch cn tm thm 1 phng trinh lin h vi M.
_ y, ta ch c th lin h M vi I thng qua di MI (s dng d kin tam gic ABC u).
_ Mt khc C cng l giao im gia MI v ng trn (C) nn ta ch cn vit phng trinh MI.
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Hng dn gii :
* (C) c tm I (0; 2) v bn kinh R = 2 2 . Gi ta im M (m; 2m 1)
* Do tam gic ABC u ni tip (C) nn
m 1
R
2
2
2
IM m (2m 3) 2 5m 12m 7 0
m 7
2
5
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* Vi m = 1 suy ra M(1; 1)
Khi , AB qua M v nhn IM (1; 1) c phng trinh: x y 0
Mt khc phng trnh MC l MC : x y 2 0 .
x 2, y 0
x 2, y 4
x y 4x 4 0
Do ta C tha mn h
x y 2
V C(2;0) cng pha vi M so vi I nn khng tha mn. Ta nhn C (2; 4)

* Vi m =
7 9
7
suy ra M ;
5
5 5
7 1
c phng trinh: 7 x y 2 0
5 5
De
Khi , AB qua M v nhn IM ;
Mt khc phng trnh MC l MC : x 7 y 14 0 .
14
12
x
,y
x
7
y
14
5
5
Do ta C tha mn h
2
2
x 14 , y 8
x y 4x 4 0
5
5
14 8
14 12
; cng pha vi M so vi I nn khng tha mn. Ta nhn C ;
5 5
5 5
Th
V C
14 8
;
C (2; 4)
C
Vy yu cu bi ton tng ng vi
hay 5 5
AB : x y 0
AB : 7 x y 2 0
iTh
Cu 5. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC. Bit phng trnh cc ng thng cha ng
cao BH, phn gic trong AD ln lt l 3x + 4y + 10 = 0, x y + 1 = 0; im M(0; 2) thuc ng thng
AB v MC = 2 . Tm ta cc nh tam gic ABC bit rng C c honh nguyn.
(Trch thi th THPT Tuy Phc, Bnh nh, nm 2013)
et
u.N
Nhn xt v tng :
_ Da vo tinh cht ca phn gic ta d dng tm c im mi N (bn c c th xem li chng 2
hiu r hn).
_ Khi ta d dng vit c phng trinh AC vung gc BH v qua N. ng thi tm c im A do A
l giao im gia AC v AD.
_ Ti y th vic tm ta B bng cch tng giao 2 ng AB v BH (vit phng trinh AB qua A v
M). Vi ta C th ta c th tham s ha C theo ng AC v s dng gi thit MC 2 gii tm ta
C. Mi bn c xem li gii.
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Hng dn gii:
* Gi N l im i xng vi M qua AD, ng thng MN qua M(0; 2) v vung gc AD c phng

trnh l: x y 2 0 .
1 3
2 2
Ta giao im K ca MN v AD l K ; suy ra ta N (1;1)
* V AD l phn gic trong gc A, M thuc AB nn N thuc AC. Do AC qua N v vung gc BH

nn c phng trnh: 4 x 3 y 1 0
4 x 3 y 1 0
x 4
A(4;5)
x
0
y
* ng thng AB qua A v M c phng trnh l 3x 4 y 8 0 .
Ta c ta A tha mn h
De
x 3
1
3x 4 y 8 0
Ta c ta B tha mn h
1 B 3;
4
y
3 x 4 y 10 0
* Ta c MC 2 nn C thuc ng trn (C) tm M, bn kinh MC 2 . Ngoi ra C thuc AC nn

ta C l nghim ca h:
Th
x 1, y 1
x 2 ( y 2) 2 2
31
33 (do C c honh nguyn ta nhn C(1;1)
,
y
4
x
3
y
25
25
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(4;5), B 3;
1
, C (1;1)
4
iTh
Cu 6. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c A(5; 7) , im C thuc ng

thng c phng trinh x y 4 0 . ng thng i qua D v trung im ca on thng AB c phng
trnh 3x 4 y 23 0 . Tm ta im B v C, Bit B c honh dng.
(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn Vnh Phc, nm 2014)
Nhn xt v tng :
_ Ta lin h quan h gia 4 im c bit A, M, C, D bng cch cho AC ct DM ti I.
_ Vn dng nh l Thales thun quen thuc ta c c t s di gia cc cnh
CD IC ID
2 . T
AM
IA IM
et
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y ta c th tham s ha C theo ng thng x y + 4 = 0 v ng thi biu din ta I theo A v C.

_ Li c I thuc ng thng DM nn thay vo ta s tm c ta ca im C.
_ xc nh ta im B ta lin h qua trung im M thuc DM v s dng tnh cht ca hnh ch nht
ABCD l AB BC gii tm ta im B.
Hng dn gii:
* Ta c C x y 4 0 C (c; c 4) , M l trung im AB v I l giao im AC v DM.

* Theo nh l Thales thun ta c
CD IC ID
1
c 10 c 10
2 AI AC I
;
AM IA IM
3
3
3
Mt khc I thuc DM nn ta c 3
* Ta c M thuc MD M m;
c 10
c 10
4
23 0 c 1 C (1;5)
3
3
3m 23
3m 9
B 2m 5;
4
2
De
3m 5
AB 2m 10; 2
3m 5 3m 19
V
. Li c AB.CB 0 (2m 10)(2m 6)
0
2 2
CB 2m 6; 3m 19
Suy ra m 1 hay m
29
5
33 21
33 21
; . Do B c honh dng nn ta nhn B ;
5 5
5 5
* Do B(3; 3) hay B
33 21
; , C (1;5)
5 5
Th
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B
Cu 7. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12 . Tm I l giao im ca
hai ng thng
im ca
d1 : x y 3 0
v ng thng
d2 : x y 6 0
. Trung im ca cnh AD l giao
d1 vi trc honh. Xc nh ta bn nh ca hnh ch nht.
iTh
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Thanh Chng 3, Ngh An, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng :
_ Vi gi ca bi ta d dng xc nh c ta ca trung im M v tm I. iu ny gip ta d
dng vit phng trnh ng thng AD qua M v AD vung gc vi MI.
_ i vi hnh ch nht th lun c mt ng trn n minh chinh l ng trn tm I bn kinh IA. Nh
vy ta cn xc nh di IA. y ta da vo quan h ca din tch hnh ch nht tnh di IA.
_ Khi A v D l giao im ng trn trn v ng thng AD. V ng thi ta B v D th tm
c da vo tm I ca hnh ch nht.
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Hng dn gii :
et
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9 3
x y 3 0
I ; .
* Ta I l nghim ca h:
2 2
x y 6 0
y 0
M (3;0)
Gi M l trung im ca AD, Ta ca M l nghim ca h
x y 3 0
Suy ra AB = 2 IM = 3 2 .
10
* Mt khc S ABCD AB. AD AD S ABCD 12 2 2 .
AB
3 2
V M, I cng thuc d1 suy ra AD d1 .

Vy AD i qua im M v nhn n (1;1) lm vtpt c phng trnh: x 3 y 0 x y 3 0 .
* Li c MA = MD =
AD
x y 3 0
.
2 . Ta im A, D l nghim ca h
2
2
x
De
x 2
x 4
hay
Chn A(2;1); D(4; 1)
y 1
y 1
* Cc im C, B ln lt i xng vi A, B qua I. Suy ra ta im C(7; 2); B(5;4)
Vy ta cc im cn tm l A(2;1); B(5; 4), C (7; 2); D(4; 1)
Cu 8. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 22, bit rng cc ng
thng AB, BD ln lt c phng trinh l 3 x 4 y 1 0 v 2 x y 3 0 . Tm ta cc nh A, B, C, D.
Th
(Trch thi th khi A, THPT Bm Sn, Thanh Ha, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng :
iTh
http://dethithu.net
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u.N
_ D dng tm c ta im B do B BD AB . Ngoi vic s dng cc ng thng tm im mi ta

cn c th tnh gc gia cc ng tm quan h gia cc cnh t chuyn v quan h di v din
tch. C th trong bi ny l cos ABD cos( AB; BD) ? tan ABD
AD
v
AB
S ABCD AD. AB .
_ n y ta c th tham s ha D theo BD hoc A theo AB lin h di AD hoc AB.

_ Khi c ta im D ta c th vit phng trnh AD qua D vung gc AB t tm d dng ta
im A AD AB . n y ta c th dng quan h vecto tm im C tha AB DC
Hng dn gii :
http://dethithu.net
3x 4 y 1 0
x 1
B(1; 1)
y 1
2x y 3 0
| 3.2 4.1|
2
11 AD
tan ABD
(1)
2
2
2
2
2 AB
5 5
3 4 2 (1)
* Ta B tha mn h
* Ta c cos ABD
AB 2
Mt khc S ABCD AB. AD 22
AD 11
* V D BD D(d ;3 2d ) . Ta c AD d [ D; AB]
d 6
|11d 11|
11
5
d 4
11
* Vi d = 6 suy ra D(6; 9). Phng trnh AD i qua A, vung gc vi AB l 4 x 3 y 3 0
3 1
38 39
A AD AB ; C ;
5 5
5 5
* Vi d = -4 suy ra D(-4; -11). Phng trnh AD i qua A, vung gc vi AB l 4 x 3 y 17 0
13 11
28 49
A AD AB ;
;
C
5
5 5
5
De
3 1
38 39
A 5 ; 5 , B 1; 1 , C 5 ; 5 , D(6;9)
Vy ta im tha cn tm l:
13 11
28 49
;
A ;
, B 1; 1 , C
, D( 4; 11)
5
5
5 5
Th
Cu 9. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trinh ng cao AH v trung tuyn AM
ln lt l: x 2 y 13 0 v 13x 6 y 9 0 . Bit tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic tam gic ABC l
I ( 5;1) . Tm ta cc nh A, B, C
(Trch thi th THPT H Trung, Thanh Ha, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng :
iTh
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
_ D dng tm c ta A (giao im AH v AM). ng thi ta c th vit phng trnh IM // AH v

qua H (do tnh cht c bit ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
_ Khi M chinh l giao im ca IM v AM nn tm c ta ca im M.
_ n y ta c th vit phng trnh ng BC qua M v vung AH.
_ Ta B v C chinh l giao im gia BC v ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Hng dn gii :
x 2 y 13 0
x 3
A(3; 8)
y 8
13x 6 y 9 0
* Ta c IM qua I(-5;1) v song song AH. Phng trnh IM l x 2 y 7 0 .
* Ta A l nghim ca h
x 2y 7 0
x 3
M (3;5)
y 5
13x 6 y 9 0
* ng thng BC qua M v vung gc AH. Phng trnh BC l 2 x y 11 0
Ta M l nghim ca h
Do B BC B(b;11 2b)
b 2
Li c: IB IA (b 5) 2 (10 2b) 2 85 b 2 6b 8 0
b 4
* Vi b = 2 suy ra B(2; 7), C(4; 3)
* Vi b = 4 suy ra B(4; 3), C(2; 7)
12
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(3; 8), B(2; 7), C (4;3) hay A( 3; 8), B(4;3), C (2; 7)
Cu 10. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : ( x 1) ( y 2) 1 . Chng minh rng t im
M bt k trn ng thng d : x y 3 0 lun k c hai tip tuyn n ng trn (C). Gi hai tip
2
im A, B. Tm ta im M khong cch t J (1;1) n ng thng AB bng
3
2
De
(Trch thi th khi B, THPT Chuyn Bc Ninh, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng : ( hiu r cch gii bi ny bn nn tham kho v mng kin thc trc ng
phng gia hai ng trn ch 2.3, chng 2)
Th
et
u.N
iTh
_ chng minh vi mi M ta u k c 2 tip tuyn n ng trn (C) ngha l bi ang mun

kim tra ta c nm vng kin thc v xt v tr tng i gia im v ng trn khng. y ta c th
chng minh theo 2 hng nh sau
+ Hng th 1: tnh di IM v chng t IM > R suy ra iu phi chng minh. cch ny bn
bt buc phi tham s ha im M theo ng thng d cho trc.
+ Hng th 2: tnh khong cch t tm I n ng thng d v chng t khong cch y ln
hn R.
_ xc nh ta im M chc chn ta phi biu din phng trnh ng thng AB theo tham s ca
im M, nh cp trc , AB chinh l trc ng phng ca 2 ng trn (C) v (C) c tm M bn
kinh AM.
_ Sau khi thit lp phng trnh AB ta s dng gi thit cui cng l khong cch t J n AB gii tm
ta im M.
http://dethithu.net
Hng dn gii :
* Ta c : (C) c tm I(1; 2) v bn kinh R = 1 suy ra d [ I ; d ] |1 2 3 | 2 1 R
2
Suy ra mi im M thuc ng thng d u nm ngoi ng trn (C) suy ra t M lun k c

hai tip tuyn n (C).
* Gi M (m; m 3) IM 2m 2 MA MI R 2m 1
2
Do ng trn (C) c tm M bn kinh MA c phng trnh:
(C') : ( x m)2 ( y m 3)2 2m2 1

* V A; B (C) (C ') suy ra ta A, B u tha phng trnh:
( x m) 2 ( y m 3) 2 ( x 1) 2 ( y 2) 2 2m 2 (1 m) x (1 m) y 3m 2 0
Do phng trnh ng AB l AB : (1 m) x (1 m) y 3m 2 0
m 1
3
|m2|
3
2
* Theo gi thit ta c: d [ J ; AB]
7 m 8m 1 0
m 1
2
2 2m 2 2
7
13
1 22
7 7
Vy ta im M tha yu cu bi ton l: M (1; 4) hay M ;
Cu 11. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c AB = 2AC, phng trinh ng
4
3
thng cha cnh AC l 2 x y 2 0 , im G 2; l trng tm tam gic ABC. Tm ta cc nh A, B,
De
C bit A c honh ln hn
http://dethithu.net
1
.
2
(Trch thi th khi B, THPT Chuyn Bc Ninh, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng :
Th
http://dethithu.net
iTh
et
u.N
_ Bi ton c th phn tch theo hai hng sau:

+ Hng th 1: Tham s ha ta A v C theo AC v thng qua trng tm G ta biu din ta
B theo A v C. Khi ta c 2 n nn cn 2 phng trnh gm c pt (1) l AB = 2AC, pt (2) l AB AC
+ Hng th 2: Vit phng trnh AG qua G vo khuyt vecto php tuyn ca AG. Ta tm vecto
php tuyn thng qua quan h gc AGC BCA do c t l cnh AB = 2AC. Khi vit c phng
trnh AG ta d dng tm c ta im A AC AG . n y ta c th lp tip phng trnh AB qua A
vung gc AC. S dng cng thc trng tm G (ngm n 2 phng trnh) v tham s ha B theo AB, C theo
AC gii tm ta im B v C.
Hng dn gii:
http://dethithu.net
* Ta c AB = 2AC nn cos GAC cos ACB 1 .
5
2
2
ng thng AG i qua G c vecto php tuyn n (a; b), (a b 0) nn c phng trnh:
AG : a( x 2) b y 0
3
* Mt khc cos GAC cos(AG; AC)
* Vi a = 0, ta chn b = 1 AG : y
| 2a b |
5 a 2 b2
4
0.
3
a0
1
3a 2 4ab 0
5
3a 4b
14
4
x
y 0
1
1 4
3
Khi ta A l nghim ca h
A ; (loi do x A )
3
2
3 3
2 x y 2 0
y 4
* Vi 3a = -4b, ta chn b = -3 nn a = 4 AG : 4 x 3 y 4 0.
4 x 3 y 4 0.
1
x 1
A 1;0 (nhn do x A )
2
y 0
2x y 2 0
Khi ta A l nghim ca h
De
* Phng trnh AB qua A v vung gc AC nn c dng: AB : x 2 y 1 0
B AB B(2b 1; b)
.
Khi
C AC C (c; 2 2c)
http://dethithu.net
2 2b c 6 b 2 B(5; 2)
b 2 2c 4 c 0 C (0; 2)
Mt khc G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn ta c
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 0), B(5; 2), C (0; 2)
Th
Cu 12. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC, ng phn gic trong ca gc A v ng cao k
t nh C ln lt c phng trnh x y 0 , 2 x y 3 0 . ng thng AC i qua im M(0; -1), bit
AB 3AM . Tm ta nh B.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Chu Vn An, H Ni, nm 2014)
Nhn xt v tng :
et
u.N
iTh
http://dethithu.net
_ Da vo tnh cht ca ng phn gic ta tm thm c im mi N l im i xng ca M qua phn

gic AD.
_ Khi ta d dng vit c phng trnh AB qua N v AB vung gc HC. V ng thi tm c ta
ca im A tha A AD AB
_ D kin cn li m ta cha dng l AB 3AM , ngm n ca d kin ny l di v vy ta tnh c
th di AM suy ra di AB.
_ n y ta c th m ha ta im B theo ng AB v lin h vi di AB gii tm ta B.
Hng dn gii :
* t AD : x y 0, CH : 2 x y 3 0 .
Gi M ' l im i xng vi M qua ng phn gic AD M ' AB . Ta tm c M ' (1;0) .

* ng thng AB qua M v vung gc vi CH nn c pt AB : x 2 y 1 0
x y 0
x 1
A(1;1)
x 2 y 1 0
y 1
A AB AH nn ta A l nghim ca h
* Theo bi, ta c: AB 3 AM AB 3 5
B thuc ng trn (C) tm A bn knh R 3 5
15
(C): ( x 1) ( y 1) 45 .
2
x 5
x 7
hoc
2
2
y 2
y 4
( x 1) ( y 1) 45
x 2 y 1 0
* B AB (C ' ) ta B l nghim ca h
Vy ta im B cn tm l : B(7; 4) hay B(5; 2)

Cu 13. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E): 4 x 9 y 36 c hai tiu im F1 , F2 ln lt nm pha
2
De
bn tri v bn phi ca im O. Tm ta im M thuc (E) sao cho MF1 2MF2 t gi tr nh nht.

Tm gi tr nh nht .
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Chu Vn An, H Ni, nm 2014)
2
Hng dn gii :
http://dethithu.net
a 2 9
x
y
2
1 b 2 4
* (E): 4 x 9 y 36
9 4
c 2 a 2 b 2 5
Th
2
2
5
* Gi s M ( x0 ; y0 ) ( E ) ,ta c x0 y0 1 ,vi 3 x0 3 , ta c e
Ta t P MF12 2MF22 a ex0 2a ex0 3a2 2aex0 3e2 x02

Nn P 27 2.3.
5
5
5
3 2 81
x0 3. x02 x02 2.
x0
3
9
3
5
5
iTh
* Xt f ( x0 ) x02 2. 3 x0 81 trn on 3;3 c f ' ( x0 ) 2 x0 6

5
f ' ( x0 ) 0 x0
3 . Lp BBT ca hm s
5
f ( x0 ) trn 3;3
5 108
3 108
min P .
36
* T bng bin thin ta c: min f ( x0 ) f
x 0 3;3
5
3 5
5
4
3
;
* Vy min P 36 khi x 3 khi M
5
5
5
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
4
3
;
, min P 36
5
5
Vy yu cu bi ton tng ng vi M
Cu 14. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; 4) , ng phn gic trong gc A c
phng trnh x y 1 0 v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l I (1; 7) . Vit phng trnh cnh BC,
bit din tch tam gic ABC gp 4 ln din tch tam gic IBC.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT on Thng, Hi Dng, nm 2014)
Nhn xt v tng :
16
De
http://dethithu.net
Th
_ Vi tnh cht c bit ca phn gic trong ta c giao im ca phn gic AD ct ng trn (C) ngoi
tip tam gic ABC chnh l im gia cung nh BC.
_ Khi tm c ta D th vic gi dng ca phng trnh BC rt d dng.
_ T quan h din tch gia 2 tam gic ABC v IBC ta chuyn v quan h khong cch t A v I n BC.
T y tm c ng BC. S ABC 4SIBC d[ A; BC ] 4d[ I ; BC ]
Hng dn gii:
* Ta c: IA = 5. Phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c dng:
(C ) : ( x 1)2 ( y 7)2 25
iTh
* Gi D l giao im th hai ca ng phn gic trong gc A vi ng trn (C). Ta D tha mn:

( x 1)2 ( y 7) 2 25
D(2;3)
x y 1 0
http://dethithu.net
* V AD l phn gic trong ca gc A nn D l im chnh gia cung nh BC. Do ID BC hay
ng thng BC nhn DI (3; 4) lm vecto php tuyn. Do phng trnh cnh BC l:

BC : 3 x 4 y m 0
et
u.N
* Do S ABC 4S IBC
114
| 7 m | | 31 m |
3
d [ A; BC ] 4d [ I ; BC ]
5
5
m 131
Vy phng trnh BC l 9 x 12 y 114 0 hay 15 x 20 y 131 0
Cu 15. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh x y x 4 y 2 0 v cc

2
im A(3; 5), B(7; 3) . Tm im M trn ng trn (C) sao cho MA2 MB 2 t gi tr nh nht.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Yn Thnh 2, Ngh An, nm 2012)

Nhn xt v tng :
http://dethithu.net
17
De
_ Vi bi ton max min th trong ba hng t duy ta c th vn dng bng cch chuyn biu thc ang
cn tm max min sang mt biu thc khc tng d thc hin hn.
2
_ y MA2 MB 2 2MH 2 AB . Nh vy yu cu bi ton tng ng vi MH t gi tr nh nht.
Hng dn gii :
1
2
* ng trn (C) c tm I ; 2 , R
Th
5
.
2
Gi H l trung im AB suy ra H (5; 4)

2
* Xt tam gic MAB ta c: MA2 MB 2 2MH 2 AB
Nhn xt A, B, H u l cc im c nh. V vy MA2 MB2 MH 2

min
min
iTh
Hay M l giao im ca IH vi (C)

x 5 3t
* IH :
( t R) , thay vo phng trnh ng trn ta c:
y 4 4t
t 1 M (2;0)
t 2 3t 2 0
.
t 2 M (1; 4)
Xt khong cch tng im M tm c n AB ta nhn M(2; 0)
Vy ta im M cn tm l M (2;0)
http://dethithu.net
Cu 16. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H. Bit ng trn ngoi tip tam
2
et
u.N
gic ABC l x y 3x 5 y 6 0 , H thuc ng thng d : 3x y 4 0 , ta trung im AB l

M (2;3) . Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic bit honh ca A ln hn 1.
(Trch thi th THPT Hm Rng, Thanh Ha, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng :
18
De
_ Da vo cch dng tm ngoi (giao im gia cc ng trung trc cc cnh tam gic) do ta c th
vit phng trnh AB qua M v AB vung gc MI (vi I l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC).
_ Khi A, B chnh l giao im gia ng trn (C) v ng thng AB. Vn cn li tm ta im
C nh th no ?
_ V ng kinh AD theo b chng minh chng 1 ta c BHCD l hnh bnh hnh v N l trung
im ca HD v BC. (d kin cui cng cha dng l H thuc ng d). Ta t ta C(a; b) (2 n nn cn
2 phng trnh)
+ Phng trnh (1) l C thuc ng trn (C)
+ Phng trnh (2) l khi biu din ta N theo ta C v biu din ta H theo N. Cho H
thuc ng thng d.
Hng dn gii :
1 5
2 2
* Ta c tm I ; . Do IM vung gc AB nn AB nhn IM lm vecto php tuyn nn AB c dng:

AB : x y 5 0
Th
* Ta A v B l nghim ca h:
x 2 y 2 3x 5 y 6 25
A(3; 2), B(1; 4)
x y 5 0
a 1 b 4
;
2
2
* Gi C (a; b) , ta trung im N ca BC l N
http://dethithu.net
iTh
Gi D l im i xng vi A qua I suy ra BHCD l hnh binh hanh nn N l trung im HD.

Ta ca D(0; 3), ta c H (a 1; b 1)
* Do H thuc ng thng 3x y 4 = 0 nn 3(a 1) (b 1) 4 0 3a b 2 0

Mt khc C thuc ng trn (C) nn ta C tha h:
a 2 b 2 3a 5b 6 25
3a b 2 0
C (1;1)
C (2; 4)
A(3; 2), B(1; 4), C (1;1)

Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l:
A(3; 2), B(1; 4), C (2; 4)
et
u.N
Cu 17. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c nh C(3;-1). Gi M l trung im ca
cnh BC, ng thng DM c phng trnh l y 1 0 . Bit nh A thuc ng thng 5 x y 7 0 v D c
http://dethithu.net
honh m. Tm ta cc nh A v D.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Hng Quang, Hi Dng, nm 2014)
Nhn xt v tng : (bn c c th xem li bi ton 6 hnh ch nht, ch 2.1, chng 2 hiu
r hn)
Hng dn gii :
19
* Ta c DM : y 1 0 v d (C, DM ) 1 1 2
d (C , DM ) IC MC 1
d ( A,DM ) 2d (C , DM ) 4
d ( A, DM ) IA DA 2
* im A thuc ng thng 5 x y 7 0 nn A a;5a 7
De
a
5a 6 4
d ( A, DM ) 4 5a 7 1 4 5a 6 4
5a 6 4
a 2
2
5
2
5
* Vi a 2 A(2; 3) . Vi a A ;5 .
im A(2; 3) v C ( 3; 1) cng pha so vi ng thng DM : y 1 0
2
5
Nn loi im A(2; 3) . Vy A ;5
Th
AD d 5 ; 4
* D DM D(d;1)
CD d 3; 2
http://dethithu.net
2
5
2
Do AD CD AD.CD 0 d d 3 8 0 d
13
46
d 0
5
5
d 2
5d 13d 46 0
d 2 (V xD 0 ). Vi d 2 D(2;1)
d 23
5
iTh
2
5
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l: A ;5 , D( 2;1)
Cu 18. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh A. Gi N l trung im ca AB. Gi
E v F ln lt l chn ng cao h t cc nh B, C ca tam gic ABC. Tm ta A bit ta cc im
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
11 13
E (7;1), F ; v phng trnh ng thng CN l 2 x y 13 0
5 5
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Lng Th Vinh, H Ni, nm 2014)
Nhn xt v tng :
http://dethithu.net
20
De
_ Vi cc d kin ang c th ta t mt cu hi c th tm c im mi hoc phng trnh mi khng

?. y ta c th vit phng trnh EF song song BC. Tuy nhin trong cc d kin th d kin phng
trnh ng trung tuyn NC gi cho ta nhiu suy ngh ?
_ Trn ng thng hin c 2 im N v C nhng nu tham s ha chng th li khng lin h c g vi
E v F. Nu gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC th do tnh cht ca tam gic ABC cn ti A th GE = GF (gii
phng trnh trn gip tm c ta im G).
_ n y ta c th vit phng trnh AG vung EF v qua G (nhm mc ch tham s ha im A). Cng
lc ta c th tham s C theo NC v dng cng thc trng tm G biu din ta B theo A v C.
_ Nh vy, ta c 2 n ph thuc theo A v C v vy, ta cn n 2 phng trnh ? ( l nhng phng trnh
no ? )
+ Phng trnh (1): AG vung gc BC
+ Phng trnh (2): EB vung EC (hoc FC vung BF).
Hng dn gii :
* Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC. V G thuc CN suy ra G (g;13 2 g)
Do tam gic ABC cn ti A nn ta c:
2
Th
11
13
GE 2 GF 2 ( g 7) 2 (13 2 g 1) 2 g 13 2 g g 5 G (5;3)
5
4
x 5t
(t R)
* Ta c AG vung gc EF suy ra phng trnh AG c dng tham s l:
y 3 3t
Do A AG A(5 a;3 3a) v C CN C (c;13 2c)
Mt khc G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn ta c:
iTh
xA xB xC 3xG
B(10 a c; 7 3a 2c)
y A yB yC 3 yG
* Ta c BC (a 2c 10;3a 4c 20) . Li c BC vung gc AG nn
BC.uAG 0 1(a 2c 10) 3(3a 4c 20) 0 a c 5

Suy ra B(15 2c;8 c) v EB (8 2c;7 c), EC (c 7;12 2c)
* V EB vung gc EC nn ta c EB. EC 0 (8 2c)(c 7) (12 2c)(7 c) 0 c 7 a 2
Vy ta cc im cn tm l: A(7;9)
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
Cu 19. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vi hai y l AB v CD bit
B(3;3), C (5;3) . Giao im I ca hai ng cho nm trn ng thng : 2 x y 3 0 . Xc nh ta
cc nh cn li ca hnh thang ABCD CI 2BI , tam gic ACB c din tch bng 12, im I c
honh dng v im A c honh m.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Nguyn Quang Diu, ng Thp, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng :
21
_ u tin, ta tham s I theo ng thng v s dng gi thit IC = 2BI gii tm ta im I.
_ bi vn cn 3 d kin cha s dng l din tch tam gic ACB (1), AB // CD (2), cng nh s kt
hp gia cc im gip ta tm thm im mi hoc ng thng mi, ng trn mi.
_ y, ta thy d dng vit c phng trnh 2 ng cho AC v BD. Trong vn dng cng thc
din tch tam gic ABC l: S ABC
1
AC.d ( B, AC ) suy ra di cnh AC. n y, ta c th tm c ta
2
De
A do A thuc AC v vn dng di AC.

_ Khi c ta A th ta c th vit phng trnh CD qua C v song song AB. Kt hp vi phng trnh
ng cho BD tm ta D.
Hng dn gii:
* V I I ( t ;3 2t ), t 0
t 1
CI 2 BI 15t 2 10t 25 0
t 1 I (1;1)
t 5 (ktm)
3
* Phng trnh ng thng IC : x y 2 0
Th
M S ABC
1
AC.d ( B, AC ) 12 AC 6 2
2
a 11
2
a 1 A(1;3)
* V A IC A(a;2 a), a 0 nn ta c a 5 36
a 1
Phng trnh ng thng CD : y 3 0 , IB : x y 0
iTh
x y 0
x 3
D(3; 3)
* Ta im D l nghim ca h
y 3 0
y 3
Vy ta im A v D cn tm l: A(1;3), D(3; 3)
http://dethithu.net
Cu 20. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng cao h t nh A c phng trnh ng
9 9
4 4
thng x y 0 v im I ; l tm ng trn ngoi tip , khong cch t I n ng thng BC bng
bit tung ca A v B u khng ln hn 2.
et
u.N
3 2
, ng thng i qua nh B c phng trnh x 5 y 14 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC
4
(Trch thi th THPT Qunh Lu 3, Ngh An, nm 2013)
Nhn xt v tng :
_ Do BC vung AH nn ta suy ra dng phng trnh ca BC: x + y + m = 0. S dng d kin khong cch
22
De
t I n BC ta gii tm c ng thng BC.

_ Khi c phng trnh BC ta kt hp vi ng thng x + 5y 14 = 0 gii tm ta im B.
_ c bit ta c nhn xt I thuc ng cao H nn suy ra H l trung im BC , t y ta c H l giao im
gia H v BC v suy ra ta C.
_ Cn vi ta im A th chnh l giao im AH v ng trn (C) ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Hng dn gii :
* ng thng BC c phng trnh x + y + m = 0.
9 9
m
m 6
3 2
9
3
4 4
m
Theo gi thit ta c d I, BC
4
2
2
2
m 3
1
xy3
1 11
4
* Vi m = -3, ta nh B tha mn h
B ; (khng tm)
4 4
x 5y 14
y 11
Th
xy6
x 4
B 4; 2 ( tmbt)
* Vi m=-6, ta nh B tha mn h
x 5y 14 y 2
Khi phng trnh BC: x + y 6 = 0
* D thy AI l ng cao ca tam gic ABC nn chn ng cao cng l trung im ca BC c ta
x y 0
x 3
H 3;3 C(2;4) .
l nghim ca h
x y 6
y 3
* Gi A(a;a) ta c
iTh
7
7 7
2
a A ; (khng t.m)
9 50
9 5
2
IA IB 2 a
a
2 2
2
4
2 2
a 1 A 1;1 (t.m)
Vy ta cc im tha yu cu bi ton l: A(1;1), B(4; 2), C (2; 4)
et
u.N
Cu 21. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD . im E (2;3) thuc on thng BD , cc
im H (2;3) v K (2; 4) ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca im E trn AB v AD . Xc nh to
cc nh A, B, C , D ca hnh vung ABCD .
(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT Trn Hng o, Hng Yn, nm 2014)
Nhn xt v tng :
_ D thy AKEH l hnh ch nht nn ta c th tm ta im A thng qua trung im HK. Hoc ta cng
c th lp phng trnh AB v AD v tm giao im A.
23
_ n y ta c th lp phng trnh BD qua E v khuyt vecto php tuyn. tm vecto php tuyn trong
bi ton ny kh d nht l s dng gc ABD bng 45 .
_ Khi lp c phng trnh BD ta c th tm nhanh ta B v D v d dng suy ra ta im C.
Hng dn gii :
* Ta c EH: y 3 = 0, EK: x 2 = 0 suy ra AH: x + 2 = 0, AK: y 4 = 0.
x 2 0
A(2; 4)
Khi A l giao im ca AH v AK nn tha h:
y 4 0
De
* Gi s n a; b , a 2 b 2 0 l VTPT ca ng thng BD .
C: ABD 45 nn:
0
a
a b
2
2
a b
2
* Vi a b , chn b 1 a 1 BD : x y 1 0
EB 4; 4
B 2; 1 ; D 3;4
ED 1;1
E nm trn on BD (tha mn)
Th
Khi : C 3; 1
* Vi a b , chn b 1 a 1 BD : x y 5 0 .
EB 4; 4
B 2;7 ; D 1;4
ED 1;1
EB 4ED E nm ngoi on BD (loi)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A 2; 4 ; B 2; 1 ; C 3; 1 ; D 3; 4
iTh
Cu 22. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC, ng trung tuyn k t nh B v ng phn
gic trong ca gc ABC ln lt c phng trnh l x 2 y 3 0, x y 2 0 . ng thng AB i qua
im M (1; 2) , ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c bn kinh bng 5 . Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic
ABC, bit nh A c tung dng.
Nhn xt v tng :
et
u.N
_ D dng tm c ta im B (do l giao im ca BD v BI).

_ Tng t nh nhng bi trc, ta da vo tnh cht ca ng phn gic trong tm c im mi N.
ng thi khi ta d dng vit ng AB v BC.
_ Khi ta tham s ha im A theo ng AB, C theo ng BC. (2 n nn cn 2 phng trnh) vy
l phng trnh no ?
24
+ Phng trnh (1): Trung im I ca AC thuc ng BI

+ Phng trnh (2): Pht hin AB vung gc BC nn nn ta c R
AC
2
Hng dn gii:
* Gi d1 : x 2 y 3 0, d 2 x y 2 0 .
x 2 y 3 0
B(1;1)
Ta c: B d1 d 2
x y2 0
De
* Gi N l im i xng ca M qua d 2 . im M thuc AB suy ra N thuc AC.

MN vung gc d 2 v MN qua M nn c dng: x y 1 0 .
x y 2 0
1 3
I ; .
Khi H MN d 2
2 2
x y 1 0
Do M v N i xng qua d 2 nn H l trung im MN suy ra N (0;1) AC
Th
AB : x 1 0
Vi cc im B(1;1), M (1; 2), N (0;1)
BC : y 1 0
1 c a 1
;
.
2
2
* Gi A(1; a), C(c; 1), ta trung im I ca on AC l I
1 c
a 1
Mt khc I thuc d1
2
3 0 c 2a 3 0 (1)
2
* Ta c: AB vung gc BC suy ra tam gic ABC vung ti B
iTh
Suy ra bn kinh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l R
AC
(c 1) 2 (a 1) 2 20 (2) .
2
a 1
T (1), (2) gii h phng trnh ta c:
a3
V do A c tung dng nn ta nhn a = 3 suy ra c = - 3
Vy ta cc im cn tm l: A(1;3), B(1;1), C(3;1)
45
, y ln CD nm trn
2
ng thng x 3 y 3 0 . Bit hai ng cho AC, BD vung gc vi nhau ti I (2;3) . Vit phng trnh
et
u.N
Cu 23. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD c din tch bng
ng thng cha cnh BC, bit im C c honh dng.

(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Tng Duy Tn, Thanh Ha, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
* Do ABCD l hnh thang cn vi y ln CD v hai ng cho AC v BD vung gc vi nhau nn

tam gic ICD vung cn ti I.
25
ng thng qua I v vung gc CD c phng trnh:
3( x 2) ( y 3) 0 3x y 9 0
* Gi K l trung im ca CD ta c K l nghim ca h:
x 3y 3 0
K (3;0)
3x y 9 0
* M KI = KC = KD
De
Nn CD l giao im ca ng thng CD v ng trn tm K bn kinh KI 10 .
x 3y 3 0
Do ta ca chng la nghim ca h
2
2
( x 3) y 10
Suy ra C(6;1), D(0;-1) do C c honh dng.
* Gi H l trung im AB, ta c:
45
1
10
S ABCD (AB CD).HK (IH IK) HK (IH 10) 2 IH
2
2
2
ID IK
2 DI 2 IB B (3;5) BC (3; 4)
IB IH
Vy phng trnh BC: 4(x 3) + 3(y 5) = 0 4 x 3 y 27 0
Th
Vy phng trnh ng BC l BC : 4 x 3 y 27 0
2
2
Cu 24. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip ( E ) : x y 1 v ng thng d : 3x 4 y 12 0 ct (E)
16
iTh
ti hai im A, B. Tm ta im C thuc (E) sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Tng Duy Tn, Thanh Ha, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
* Honh giao im ca ng thng v elip (E) l nghim phng trnh:
2
x 0
12 3x
2
9 x 2 16
144 x 4 x 0 x 4
4
* Nh vy v elip (E) ct nhau ti hai im A(0;3) v B(4; 0) c AB = 5.

1
5
AB.CH CH
2
2
et
u.N
Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca C ln th S ABC
V vy din tch tam gic ABC ln nht khi CH ln nht.

;
sao cho C (4sin t;3cos t )
2 2
* V C thuc (E) nn t
Do HC =
|12sin t 12 cos t 12 |
3 4
2
* Du ng thc xy ra khi t
12
5
12( 2 1)

2 sin t 1
4
5
3 2
3
, khi C 2 2;
2
4
3 2
Vy ta im C cn tm l C 2 2;
Cu 25. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A(0;3) v hai im B, C thuc ng trn
(C ) : x2 y 2 9 . Hy tm ta B, C bit rng tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht v im B c honh

dng.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT H Huy Tp, Ngh An, nm 2014)

26
Hng dn gii:
* ng trn (C) c tm O(0;0), bn knh R = 3. D thy A thuc (C).
t gc BOA = gc COA = x, 0 x
1
2
Khi , din tch tam gic ABC l: S ABC 2S AOB S BOC R 2 sin x R 2 (sin 2 x)
x
2
Suy ra S ABC R 2 sin x(1 cos x) R 2 sin 3 .cos
x
2
Th
De
* p dng bt ng thc Cauchy ta c:
iTh
1
x 1
x 1
x
x
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 cos 2
3
2 3
2 3
2
2 4 sin 6 x cos 2 x
4
2
2
x
x
x 1
2
x
x 1
Suy ra sin 3 .cos , du bng xy ra khi sin 2 3.cos 2 cos x
2
2
2 2
3
2
2 16
Vy din tch tam gic ABC ln nht khi v ch khi ABC l tam gic u.
* Gi E l trung im BC. Ta c AE
3
3
AO E 0; . Phng trnh BC: y 3 0
2
2
2
et
u.N
3 3
3
2
Ta B, C l nghim ca h:
2
2
2
y 3
x y 9
3 3 3 3 3 3
; , C
;
2
2
2
2
* V B c c honh dng nn B
3 3 3 3 3 3
Vy ta tha yu cu bi ton l: B
2 ; 2 , C 2 ; 2
Cu 26. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti nh A 4; 13 v phng trnh ng
trn ni tip tam gic ABC l x2 y 2 2 x 4 y 20 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng cha cnh BC ca
tam gic ABC.
(Trch thi th ln 1 khi B, THPT Chuyn Vnh Phc, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
* Ta c x2 y 2 2 x 4 y 20 0 x 12 y 2 2 25
Suy ra ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC c tm I(-1; 2) v bn kinh R = 5

* IA 5; 15 5(1; 3) , tam gic ABC cn ti nh A 4; 13 IA BC
27
De
* BC c phng trnh dng x 3 y m 0 V I v A nm cng pha i vi BC nn
Th
m 7
m 43
1 6 m . 4 39 m 0 m 7 . m 43 0
* Vy m 7 5 10 suy ra BC c phng trnh x 3 y 7 5 10 0
Vy phng trnh BC l x 3 y 7 5 10 0
iTh
Cu 27. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A(1; 2) c gc ABC 30 , ng
thng d : 2 x y 1 0 l tip tuyn ti B ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Tm ta cc im B v
C.
(Trch thi th ln 4, THPT Qu V, Bc Ninh, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii:
et
u.N
7 9
* Gi H l hnh chiu ca A trn d l H ; , AH d ( A; d ) 1
5 5
Tm ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic ABC l trung im BC

d vung gc BC nn BC//AH suy ra ABH 60
Suy ra, HB
AH
1
0
tan 60
15
28
* Gi ta ca B(t ; 2t 1)
2
1
14
1
1
7
3
7
7
BH
t 2t
t
t
5 15
75
5 15
15
5
5
7
7
3 9 2 3
3 9 2 3
B
;
B ;
5 15 5 15
5 15 5 15
7
3 9 2 3
;
15 5 15
De
* TH1: B
Phng trnh BC qua B vung gc vi d l x 2 y 5 1 0

3
C BC C 5
2a; a
3
AC. AB 0 a
Th
13 3 31 2 3
31 2 3
C
;
15
15
15
3 9 2 3
;
* TH2: B
5 15 5 15
Phng trnh BC qua B vung gc vi d l x 2 y 5 1 0

3
AC. AB 0 a
iTh
C BC C 5
2a; a
3
13 3 31 2 3
31 2 3
C
;
15
15
15
Vy ta B v C tha yu cu bi ton l:
7
7
3 9 2 3 13 3 31 2 3
3 9 2 3 13 3 31 2 3
B
;
;
;
;
, C
hay B
, C
15
15
5 15 5 15 15
5 15 5 15 15
et
u.N
Cu 28. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang vung ABCD c din tch bng 50, nh C (2; 5) ,
1
AD 3BC , bit rng ng thng AB i qua im M ;0 , ng thng AD i qua N (3;5) . Vit
2
phng trnh ng thng AB bit ng thng AB khng song song vi cc trc ta .
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Chuyn Quc Hc, Tha Thin Hu, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
* V AB khng song song vi cc trc ta nn gi n (1; b) l vecto php tuyn ca AB. Suy ra vecto
php tuyn ca AD l u (b; 1)
1
0, AD : b( x 3) ( y 5) 0
2
1
50 [d (C ; AB) 3d (C; AB)].d(C; AD) 50
2
* Khi : AB : x by
* Mt khc: S ABCD
29
De
Th
b (tm)
5
4
5b
| 5b 10 |
4
2
.
25 b (tm)
Suy ra d (C; AB).d (C ; AD) 25
3
1 b2
1 b2
b 0 (ktm)
* Khi : AB: 4x 3y + 2 = 0 v AB: 6x + 8y + 3 = 0

Vy phng trnh AB cn tm l AB : 4 x 3 y 2 0 hay AB : 6 x 8 y 3 0
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Cu 29. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng thng d c phng trnh x y 0 v im M(2;1). Lp

phng trnh ng thng ct trc honh ti A, ct ng thng d ti B sao cho tam gic AMB vung
cn ti M.
(Trch thi th ln 1 khi D, THPT Chuyn Vnh Phc, nm 2013)
MB (b 2; b 1)
MA (a 2; 1)
Tam gic MAB vung cn ti M nn:
(a 2)(b 2) (b 1) 0
MB.MA 0
2
2
2
(a 2) 1 (b 2) (b 1)
MA MB
* Nhn xt b = 2 khng tha mn h phng trnh ny.
b 1
a2
b 1
b2
a2
b2
Ta c:
2
(a 2) 2 1 (b 2) 2 (b 1) 2
b 1 1 (b 2) 2 (b 1) 2
b 2
A Ox A(a;0)
*
v M(2;1) suy ra
Bd
B(b; b)
et
u.N
b 1
a2
b2
a 2
a 4
hay
b 1
b 3
[(b 2) 2 (b 1) 2 ] 1 1 0
(b 2)
* Vi a = 2, b = 1. ng thng qua A, B c phng trnh: x y 2 0
* Vi a = 4, b = 3. ng thng qua A, B c phng trnh: 3x y 12 0
Vy phng trnh n thng tha yu cu bi ton l: x y 2 0 hay 3x y 12 0

30
2
2
Cu 30. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C1 ) c phng trnh x y 25 , im M (1; 2) .
ng trn (C2 ) c bn kinh bng 2 10 . Tm ta tm ca (C2 ) sao cho (C2 ) ct (C1 ) theo mt dy cung
qua M c di nh nht.
(Trch thi th ln 1 khi D, THPT Chuyn Vnh Phc, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii:
Th
De
iTh
* (C1 ) c tm O, bn kinh R = 5.
OM (1; 2) OM 5 OM R M nm trong ng trn (C).

* Gi s (C2 ) ct (C1 ) ti A v B. Gi H l trung im AB.
et
u.N
AB 2 AH 2 OA2 OH 2 2 25 OH 2 . M OH ln nht khi H trng M

Vy AB nh nht khi M l trung im ca AB, AB qua M v vung gc vi OM.
* Phng trnh AB : x 2y 5 = 0. Ta A, B l nghim ca h:
x 2 y 5 0
. Gii h c hai nghim (5; 0), (-3; -4)
2
2
x y 25
* Gi s A(5; 0), B(-3; -4). Phng trnh OM: 2x + y = 0.
Gi I l tm ca ng trn (C2 ) , do I thuc OM suy ra I (t ; 2t )
t 1 I (1; 2)
Mt khc IA 2 10 (5 t ) 2 4t 2 40
t 3
I (3; 6)
Vy ta tm I cn tm l: I (1; 2) hay I (3; 6)
Cu 31. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti C, bit A(1;-2), ng trn ng kinh
AC c phng trnh (C ) : x y 6 x 4 y 9 0 ct cnh AB ti M sao cho AB 3AM . Tm ta
im B.
(Trch thi th ln 3 khi D, THPT Hng Quang, Hi Dng, nm 2013)
2
Hng dn gii :
* ng trn (C) c tm I(3; -2) v bn kinh R = 2.
V AC l ng kinh ca ng trn (C) nn I la trung im AC suy ra C(5; -2)
* Tam gic ABC vung ti C suy ra AC vung gc BC.
31
ng thng BC i qua C(5; -2) v c vecto php tuyn AC (4;0) nn c phng trnh
l:
4( x 5) 0 x 5 0
* Ta c B thuc BC nn B(5; b).

Ta c: AB (4; b 2), AM ( xM 1; yM 2) .
De
xM
4
3(
1)
7 b 4
3
M
Theo gi thit AB 3 AM
M ;
3 3 3
b 2 3( yM 2)
y b 4
M
3 3
* Mt khc M thuc ng trn (C) nn:

2
2
b 4 2 2
7 b 4

4 (b 2) 32
3 3 3
b 4 2 2
Vy ta B cn tm l : B(5;4 2 2) hay B(5; 4 2 2)
Th
Cu 32. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c 4 nh trng vi cc nh ca mt elip, bn
knh ng ni tip hnh thoi bng
2 . Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E), bit tm sai ca elip l
1
2
(Trch thi th ln 3, Group Ton 3K Class 2015, Facebook, nm 2013)
et
u.N
iTh
Hng dn gii:
2
2
* Gi phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) c dng: x 2 y2 1
Trong a > b > 0 v a b c

2
* (E) c tm sai bng

* t R =
c 1
1
2c a 4(a 2 b 2 ) a 2 3a 2 4b 2 (1)
2
a 2
2 l bn kinh ng trn ni tip hnh thoi. Ta c:
1
1
1
1
2 2 (2)
2
a
b
R
2
2
* Thay a 2 4b vo (2) ta c:
3
3
1 1
7
14
2 b2 a 2
2
4b
b
2
2
3
32
Vy phng trnh elip (E) cn tm l: ( E ) :
x2 y 2
1
14 7
3
2
De
Cu 33. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi c hai cnh AB, CD ln lt nm trn hai ng thng
d1 : x 2 y 5 0, d2 : x 2 y 1 0 . Vit phng trnh cc ng thng AD v BC, bit M(-3; 3) thuc
ng thng AD v N(-1; 4) thuc ng thng BC.
(Trch thi th khi A, THPT Chuyn Lam Sn, Thanh Ha, nm 2011)
Hng dn gii :
Th
* Gi s ta xc nh c cc ng thng AD v BC tha mn bi ton.

ng thng AB i qua im E(-5; 0).
ng thng BC i qua im N(-1;4) c phng trnh: a( x 1) b( y 4) 0 (a b 0)
2
iTh
* Mt khc S ABCD AB.d ( AB; CD) BC.d ( AD, BC )
Suy ra d ( AB; CD) d ( AD, BC ) d ( E; d 2 ) d ( M ; BC )
| 4 | | 2a b |
1 4
a 2 b2
et
u.N
b 2a
Do : 11b 2 20ab 4a 2 0
11b 2a
* Vi b = 2a, chn a = 1 suy ra b = 2.
Khi BC: x + 2y 7 = 0.
V AD // BD nn AD: 1(x + 3) + 2(y 3) = 0 x 2 y 3 0
* Vi 11b = - 2a, chn a = 11 suy ra b = - 2.
Khi BC: 11x 2y + 19 = 0
V AD // BD nn AD: 11(x + 3) 2(y 3) = 0 11x 2 y 39 0
Vy phng trnh ng thng tha yu cu bi ton l
BC : x 2 y 7 0
BC :11x 2 y 19 0
hay
AD : x 2 y 3 0
AD :11x 2 y 39 0
Cu 34. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit cc ng thng AB, BC, CD, DA
tng ng i qua cc im M (10;3), N (7; 2), P(3; 4), Q(4; 7) . Lp phng trnh ng thng AB.
(Trch thi th khi B, THPT Chuyn Lam Sn, Thanh Ha, nm 2011)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi vecto php tuyn ca AB l nAB (a; b)(a2 b2 0) suy ra nBC (b; a)
Khi cnh ca hnh vung bng d [ P; AB] d [Q; BC ] (1)
* AB qua M(10; 3) nn c phng trnh: AB : a( x 10) b( y 3) 0
33
V BC qua N(7;-2) nn c phng trnh: b( x 7) a( y 2) 0
18a 4b
a 2 b2
a 2 b2
b 4a
* Vi 18a = 4b ta chn a = 2 suy ra b= 9 .Vy: AB : 2 x 9 y 47 0
* Do (1)
| 13a b |
| 3b 5a |
* Vi b= -4a ta chn a = 1 suy ra b= -4 .Vy: AB : x 4 y 2 0
Vy phng trnh AB cn tm l: AB : 2 x 9 y 47 0 hay AB : x 4 y 2 0
iTh
Th
De
Cu 35. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : x y 10 x 10 y 30 0 . Vit phng trnh
ng thng tip xc ng trn (C) sao cho ng thng ct hai trc ta Ox, Oy ln lt ti hai
2
im A, B sao cho
1
1
1
.
2
2
OA OB
5
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT ng Thc Ha, Ngh An, nm 2012)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Gi s A(a;0), B(0; b) (a; b 0). Khi phng trnh ng thng qua A v B c dng:
x y
: 1
a b
1
1
1
2
2
* T gi thit ta c h phng trnh: OA OB
5
d
(
I
;
34
De
1 1 1
a 2 b2 5
1 1 1
a 2 b 2 5
5 5
Suy ra 1
a
b
5 5 1 2
2 5
1 1
a b
2 2
a b
1 1 3
1 1 1
5 a 5
5

a 5
a b 5
a b 5
a
a
* Khi h thnh
hay
2
2
5
5
1 2
1 2
b 2 b 5 b 5 b 2
ab 25
ab 25
x 2y 5 0
2 x y 5 0
Vy cc phng trnh tha mn yu cu bi ton l:
2 x y 5 0
x 2y 5 0
Th
Cu 36. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A thuc ng thng
d : x y 4 0 , ng thng BC, CD ln lt i qua hai im M (4; 0) v N (0; 2) . Bit tam gic AMN
cn ti A. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT ng Thc Ha, Ngh An, nm 2012)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
* Gi s A(a; a 4) thuc d. Do tam gic AMN cn ti A nn AM = AN.
(a 4) 2 (a 4) 2 a 2 (a 6) 2 a 1 A(1; 5)
* Gi s phng trnh ng thng BC i qua M(4; 0) c dng:
BC : ax by 4a 0 (a 2 b 2 0)
Do CD vung gc BC v ng thng CD i qua N(0; 2) suy ra phng trnh ng thng CD:

CD : bx ay 2a 0
* Do ABCD l hnh vung nn khong cch:
d ( A; BC ) d ( A; CD)
| 5a 5b |
a 2 b2
3a b
a 2 b2
a 3b
| 7a b |
* Vi 3a = - b , ta chn a = 1 suy ra b = - 3.
35
AB : 3 x y 8 0
BC : x 3 y 4 0
Khi phng trnh cc cnh l:

CD : 3 x y 2 0
AD : x 3 y 14 0
Ta c ta cc nh A(1; 5), B(2; 2), C (1; 1), D(2; 4)
* Vi a = 3b , ta chn a = 3 suy ra b = 1.
De
AB : x 3 y 14 0
BC : 3 x y 12 0
Khi phng trnh cc cnh l:

CD : x 3 y 6 0
AD : 3 x y 8 0
Ta c ta cc nh A(1; 5), B(5; 3), C (3;3), D(3;1)
Th
A(1; 5), B(2; 2), C (1; 1), D(2; 4)

Vy ta cc im tha yu cu bi ton l
A(1; 5), B(5; 3), C (3;3), D(3;1)
Cu 37. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c ng phn gic trong ca gc ABC i
qua trung im ca cnh AD v c phng trnh x y + 2 = 0; nh D nm trn ng thng c phng
trnh x + y 9 = 0. Bit im E(-1;2) nm trong on thng AB v nh B c honh m. Tm ta cc
nh ca hnh ch nht.
(Trch thi th THPT Nguyn Hu, k Lk, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
* Gi E '( xo ; yo ) l im i xng cua E qua phn gic x y + 2 = 0 tha mn:
x0 1 y0 2 0
x y0 1
x 0
0
0
E '(0;1)
x0 1 y0 2
20
x0 y0 1 y0 1
2
2
* Gi B(b; b + 2) (b < 0). Do ABCD l hnh ch nht v E nm trong on AB nn E nm trn on
BC suy ra BE vung gc BE (b 1)b b(b 1) 0 b 1 B(1;1)
Khi phng trnh ng thng BE l x + 1 = 0 v BE l y 1 = 0
d 1 a 9 d
;
2
2
* Gi A(1; a) (a 2) v D(d ;9 d ) ta c ta trung im ca AD l: M

Theo gi thit ta c:
d 1 a 9 d
2 0 a 2d 6 0 (1)
2
2
AB (0; a)
* Mt khc AB vung gc AD nn AB.AD 0 vi
.
AD (d 1; a d 9)
36
Do ta c: a(a d 9) 0 a d 9 0 (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c a = 4 v d = 5 hay A(-1;4) v D(5; 4) suy ra C(5; 1)
Vy ta cc im ca hnh ch nht ABCD l: A(1; 4), B(1;1), C (5;1), D(5; 4)
Cu 38. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng cao AH, trung tuyn CM v phn gic
17
;12 v BD c phng trnh x y 5 0 . Tm ta nh A ca tam gic
5
trong BD. Bit H 4;1 , M
De
ABC.
(Trch thi th THPT Hu Lc 2, Thanh Ha, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
* ng thng qua H v BD c phng trnh x y 5 0 .
x y 5 0 x 0
I (0;5) .
x y 5 0 y 5
BD I suy ra ta I l nghim ca h
* Gi s AB H ' . Tam gic BHH ' c BI l phn gic v cng l ng cao nn BHH ' cn I
l trung im ca HH ' H '(4;9) .
3
5
et
u.N
* AB i qua H v c vecto ch phng u H ' M ;3 nn c phng trnh l

AB : 5 x y 29 0 .
5 x y 29
B(6; 1) . M l trung im ca AB A ; 25
* Ta B l nghim ca h
5
x y 5
4
5
Vy ta im A cn tm l: A ; 25
Cu 39. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : (x + 6)2 + (y 6)2 = 50. ng thng d ct hai
trc ta ti hai im A, B khc gc O .Vit phng trnh ng thng d tip xc vi ng trn (C) ti
M sao cho M l trung im ca on thng AB.
(Trch thi th ln 3, Group Ton 3K Class, Facebook, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi s A(a;0), B(0; b) (a; b 0). Khi phng trnh ng thng qua A v B c dng:
:
x y
1 bx ay ab 0
a b
37
* d l tip tuyn ca (C) ti M
M thuc (C) v d vung gc vi IM
* ng trn (C) c tm I(-6 ; 6) , d c VTCP l u (a; b)
a b
2 2
b
a
6; 6
2
2
M l trung im ca AB nm M ; nn IM
Do ta c h phng trnh
De
a b
2
2
2
2
b 22
b 14
a
a 6 b 6 50
b

50
2
a 22 a 2
2
b 2
b 2
12
b
a
a
b
a 6 b 6 0
2
2
2
2
a
a 14
a
b
6
6
50
2
2
et
u.N
iTh
Th
x y 2 0
x y 22 0
Vy phng trnh ng thng d cn tm l:
x 7 y 14 0
7 x y 14 0
Cu 40. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, cc nh A, B thuc ng thng
y 2 0 , phng trnh cnh BC:
tip tam gic ABC bng
3 x y 2 0 . Tm to cc nh A, B, C bit bn knh ng trn ni
3.

Hng dn gii :
3x y 2 0 x 0
B(0; 2)
y2
y 2
* Toa im B l nghim ca h
* Do A thuc ng thng y 2 = 0 nn A(a; 2) (a 0)
C BC : 3x y 2 0 C (c; 2 c 3) (c 0)
38
AB (a;0) | a |
Vy AC (c a; c 3) AC (c a) 2 3c 2
BC (c; c 3) BC 2 | c |
Th
De
* V tam gic ABC vung A v bn kinh ng trn ni tip tam gic bng
3 nn:
iTh
AB. AC 0 (1)
AB C
AB AC BC
3 (2)
S pr p 3 AB. AC
2
2
T (1) a(c a) 0 c a thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c: | a | 3 3
a c 3 3
A(3 3; 2), C (3 3;5 3 3)
nn
* Vy
a c 3 3
A(3 3; 2), C (3 3; 1 3 3)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l:
et
u.N
A(3 3;2), B(0;2), C (3 3;5 3 3)
A(3 3;2), B(0;2), C (3 3; 1 3 3)
4
3
Cu 41. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm I 3;3 v AC 2BD . im M 2;
13
thuc ng thng CD . Vit phng trnh ng cho BD bit
3
thuc ng thng AB , im N 3;
nh B c honh nh hn 3.
Hng dn gii :
5
3
* Ta im N i xng vi im N qua I l N ' 3;
ng thng AB i qua M, N c phng trnh: x 3 y 2 0
Suy ra: IH d I , AB
39 2
10
4
10
39
* Do AC 2BD nn IA 2 IB . t IB x 0 , ta c phng trnh
1
1
5
2 x2 2 x 2
2
x
4x
8
De
Th
* t B x, y . Do IB 2 v B AB nn ta B l nghim ca h:
x 3 y 3
x 3y 2 0
14
5 y 18 y 16 0
2
5 x 4 3
x 3y 2
y 8 y 2
14 8
;
5 5
* Do B c honh nh hn 3 nn ta chn B
iTh
Vy, phng trnh ng cho BD l: 7 x y 18 0 .

Vy phng trnh ng thng cn tm l: BD : 7 x y 18 0
Cu 42. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : ( x 1) ( y 2) 5 v ng thng

d : x y 2 0 . T im A thuc d k hai ng thng ln lt tip xc vi (C) ti B v C. Tm ta
im A bit rng din tch tam gic ABC bng 8.
(Trch thi th ln 2 khi A, THPT Chuyn i Hc Vinh, nm 2013)
2
et
u.N
Hng dn gii:
* (C) c tm I(1; 2) v bn knh R 5 . A d A(a; a 2)

40
T tnh cht tip tuyn suy ra IA vung gc BC ti H l trung im BC.
Gi s IA = m, IH = n (m > n > 0)
Khi HA m n, BH IB 2 IH 2 5 n2
1
BC. AH BH . AH (m n) 5 n 2 8 (1)
2
5
* Trong tam gic IBA c IB 2 IH .IA m.n 5 m
n
Suy ra S ABC
De
Thay (2) vo (1), ta c:
5
2
6
4
2
2
4
2
n 5 n 8 n 15n 139n 125 0 (n 1)(n 14n 125) 0
n
a 1
A(1; 3)
* Suy ra n = 1, m = 5. Do IA = 5 (a 1)2 (a 4)2 25

a 4 A(4; 2)
Vy ta im A tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 3) hay A(4; 2)
Th
Cu 43. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(2; 6), chn ng phn gic trong k t A l
3
2
1
2
D 2; , tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l I ;1 . Tm ta nh B v C.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Chuyn Qunh Lu 1, Ngh An, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
2
1
125
* Gi ng trn ngoi tip VABC l (C) (C ) : x ( y 1) 2

2
4
Gi E AD (C ) . Do BAE CAE E l im chnh gia BC

* AD: x 2 = 0. Ta E l nghim ca h:
2
1
125
2
E (2; 4)
x ( y 1)
2
4
E (2;6) A (loai)
x 2
uur
r 2 uur
5
* E(2;-4) IE ; 5 .BC i qua D c vecto php tuyn l n IE (1; 2) BC : x 2 y 5 0
41
2
1
125
2
B(5;0), C (3; 4)
x ( y 1)
* Ta B v C l nghim ca h:
2
4
C (5;0), B(3; 4)
x 2 y 5 0
B(5;0), C (3; 4)
Vy ta B v C tha yu cu bi ton l
C (5;0), B(3; 4)
De
Cu 44. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B(-2; 1), im A thuc trc tung, im C
thuc tia Ox v gc BAC bng 30 . Bn kinh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC bng 5 . Xc nh
ta im A v C.
(Trch phn c bn, thi th THPT L Li, Qung Tr, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
A Oy
A(a;0)
. Ta c BC 2 R s in 30 5
C tia Ox C (0; c) (c 0)
* Ta c:
et
u.N
c0
Suy ra BC 2 5 (c 2) 2 (0 1) 2 5
(do c > 0) nn ta nhn c = 0
c 4
Do C trng vi gc ta O.
* Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca im B trn Oy ta c tam gic BHA l mt na ca tam gic u.
Nn AB 2BH HA 2 3 . Do A(0;1 2 3) hay A(0;1 2 3)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(0;1 2 3), B(2;1), C (0;0) hay A(0;1 2 3), B( 2;1), C (0;0)
Cu 45. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) x y 6 x 2 y 6 0 v im A(1;3). Mt

ng thng d i qua A, gi B, C l giao im ca ng thng d vi (C). Lp phng trnh ca d sao cho
AB + AC nh nht.
(Trch phn nng cao, thi th THPT L Li, Qung Tr, nm 2013)
2
Hng dn gii :
* ng trn (C) c tm I(3; -1) v bn kinh R 2 .
Ta c: IA 2 5 d ( I ; ) R 2 nn im A nm ngoai (C).
* Li c: PA/(C ) AB. AC d 2 R2 16 v AB AC 2 AB. AC 8 .

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi AB = AC = 4. Khi d l tip tuyn ca (C), nn d c dng:
42
a( x 1) b( y 3) 0 ax by a 3b 0 (a 2 b2 0)
b 0
2
a 2 b2
4a 3b
Vi b = 0, ta chn a = 1 khi d: x 1 = 0
Vi 4a = 3b, ta chn a = 3 suy ra b = 4, khi : d: 3x + 4y 15 = 0
Vy phng trnh ng thng tha yu cu bi ton l: x 1 0 hay 3x 4 y 15 0
* T , ta c: d ( I ; d ) 2
| 2a 4b |
iTh
Th
De
1
4
Cu 46. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm l H 3; , tm ng trn ngoi tip
l K 0;
29
5
, trung im cnh BC l M ;3 . Xc nh ta cc nh A, B, C; bit honh ca B ln
8
2
hn honh ca C.
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Gi A l im i xng ca A qua K th AA l ng knh ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
43
Suy ra t gic BHCA l hnh bnh hnh
M l trung im ca AH
5 5
2 8
Suy ra HA 2MK = 2 ; . T xc nh c: A(2;1)
697
l bn knh ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
8
* Ta c: R = KA = KB = KC =
29
697
Phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC: x y

8
64
De
* Phng trnh ng BC l: 4x y 7 = 0
2
2
29 697
x y
Khi ta B, C l nghim ca h phng trnh
8
64
4x y 7 0
Th
x 3; y 5
. V honh ca B ln hn honh C nn ta c: B(3; 5), C(2; 1)

x 2, y 1
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2;1), B(3;5), C (2;1)
Hng dn gii:
et
u.N
iTh
Cu 47. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang vung ABCD vung ti A v D c y ln l
CD,ng thng AD c phng trnh 3x y = 0, ng thng BD c phng trnh x 2y = 0, gc to bi
hai ng thng BC v AB bng 450. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC bit din tch hnh thang bng 24
v im B c honh dng.
3x y 0
x 0
D(0;0) O
* Ta im D l:
x
2
y
0
y
* Vecto php tuyn ca ng thng AD v BD ln lt l n1 3; 1 , n2 1; 2
cos ADB = 1 ADB 45 suy ra AD = AB (1)
* V gc gia ng thng BC v AB bng 450 suy ra BCD = 450

Nn BCD vung cn ti B suy ra DC = 2AB.
2
Theo bi ra ta c: S ABCD 1 AB CD AD 3. AB 24
2
Suy ra AB = 4 nn BD= 4 2
44
* Gi ta im B xB ;
xB
, iu kin xB > 0
2
8 10
(loai )
8 10 4 10
xB
x
5
;
nn ta im B
Suy ra BD xB2 B 4 2
5
5
2
8 10
(tm)
xB
5
De
8 10 4 10
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B
5 ; 5
Cu 48. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; 3), tm ng trn ngoi tip I (2; 1),
phng trnh ng phn gic trong gc BAC l x y 0. Tm ta cc nh B, C bit rng BC 8 5 v gc
5
BAC nhn.
(Trch phn c bn thi th ln 2 khi A, THPT Chuyn i Hc Vinh, nm 2014)
Th
Hng dn gii :
iTh
* V AD l phn gic trong gc A nn AD ct ng trn (ABC) ti E

Suy ra E l im chnh gia cung BC IE BC.
* V E thuc ng thng x y 0 v IE IA R E (0; 0).
T gi thit HC
d ( I , BC )
et
u.N
Chn n BC EI (2; 1) phng trnh BC c dng 2 x y m 0.
4 5
3
IH IC 2 HC 2
5
5
3 | m 5 | 3 m 2 BC : 2 x y 2 0
m 8
BC : 2 x y 8 0.
5
5
5
* V BAC nhn nn A v I phi cng pha i vi BC, kim tra thy BC : 2 x y 2 0 tha mn.
8 6
8 6
B(0; 2), C ; hoc B ; , C (0; 2) .
5 5
5 5
( x 2) ( y 1) 5
2 x y 2 0
T h
2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(0; 2), C 8 ; 6 hay B 8 ; 6 , C (0; 2)

5
Cu 49. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh ng thng cha ng cao k t B
l x 3 y 18 0, phng trnh ng thng trung trc ca on thng BC l 3x 19 y 279 0, nh C thuc
ng thng d : 2 x y 5 0. Tm ta nh A bit rng BAC 1350.
(Trch phn nng cao thi th ln 2 khi A, THPT Chuyn i Hc Vinh, nm 2014)
45
Hng dn gii :
* Ta c: B BH : x 3 y 18 B(3b 18; b), C d : y 2 x 5 C (c; 2c 5).
* T gi thit suy ra B i xng C qua ng trung trc : 3x 19 y 279 0 u .BC 0
B(6; 4)
60b 13c 357
b 4
10b 41c 409

c 9
C (9; 23) .
Th
De
* AC BH chn n AC u BH (3; 1) pt AC : 3x y 4 0 A(a; 3a 4)
iTh
AB (6 a; 8 3a), AC (9 a; 27 3a).
* Ta c A 1350 cos( AB, AC )
(9 a)(3 a)
| 9 a | a 6a 10
2
(6 a)(9 a) (8 3a)(27 3a)
(6 a) (8 3a) . (9 a) (27 3a)

2
3 a 9
1
2
2
2
2(3 a) a 6a 10
1
2
a 4. Suy ra A(4; 8).
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(4; 8).
Hng dn gii:
et
u.N
Cu 50. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x2 + y2 + 2x 4y 20 = 0 v im A(5; 6). T A

v cc tip tuyn AB, AC vi ng trn (C) vi B, C l cc tip im. Tm ta tm ng trn ni tip
tam gic ABC.
(Trch phn c bn thi th ln 1 khi A, Group Ton 3K Class , Facebook, nm 2014)
46
De
Th
* ng trn (C) c tm I(-1;2) v bn knh R = 5. Suy ra IA = 10.

* Gi H l giao im ca BC v IA, ta c: IH.IA = IB2
IH
IB 2 5
1
1
IH IA H ;0
IA 2
4
2
1
AIB = 60o nn ABC l tam gic u
2
tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC trng vi trng tm.
* Do cosAIB =
iTh
* Gi G l trng tm ABC AG
2
AH G (2; 2)
3
Vy ta im G tha yu cu bi ton l G (2; 2)
Cu 51. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit (E) c chu vi hnh ch
et
u.N
nht c s l 12(2 + 3 ), c nh B1 thuc tia Oy v hai tiu im ca (E) lp thnh mt tam gic u.
(Trch phn nng cao thi th ln 1 khi A, Group Ton 3K Class , Facebook, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
2
2
* Gi phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) c dng ( E ) : x 2 y2 1
Trong F1F2 = 2c di tiu c,
(a2
b2
c2
(1))
* Gi s MNPQ l hnh ch nht c s ca (E) 2(2a + 2b) = 12(2 + 3 )

47
a + b = 3(2 + 3 ) (2)
* Gi s nh B1 ca (E) lp vi 2 tiu im F1, F2 thnh B1F1F2 u
OB1
F1 F2 3
b c 3 (3)
2
De
a 2 b2 c2
bc 3
(I) (b > 0)
* T (1), (2), (3) ta c h phng trnh:
a b 3(2 3)
a 6
b 3 3
Gii h (I) ta c
Vy phng trnh elip tha yu cu bi ton l ( E ) :
x2 y 2
1
36 27
Th
Cu 52. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : ( x 2) ( y 1) 2 v im A(1; 2), B(1; 6).
Gi V(A; k) l php v t tm A t s k sao cho V(A; k) bin ng trn (C) thnh ng trn (C) i qua B.
Tnh din tch nh ca tam gic OAB qua V(A; k)
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT ng Sn 1, Thanh Ha, nm 2010)
2
iTh
Hng dn gii :
* Do B thuc (C) nn tn ti M(x; y) thuc (C) sao cho B l nh ca M qua php v t V(A; k)
Suy ra AB k AM . Do A khc B nn k 0
x 1
1 1 k ( x 1)
Suy ra
4 2k
y
6 2 k ( y 2)
4 2k
* Do M thuc C) nn (C ) : ( x 2) 2 ( y 1) 2 2 (1 2) 2
1 2 k 2
k
* ng thng AB c phng trnh x 1 = 0. Do d(O; AB) = 1
di AB = 4. Suy ra S AOB
et
u.N
1
AB.d (O; AB ) 2
2
Vy nh ca tam gic OAB qua php v t V(A; 2) c din tch l S 2.SOAB 2
2
2
Cu 53. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip ( E ) : 9 x 25 y 225 . Gi F1 , F2 ln lt l hai tiu im
ca (E) ( xF1 xF2 ). Gi A, B l hai im thuc (E). Xc nh ta ca A v B chu vi t gic F1F2 BA

nh nht bit rng tng di hai ng cho bng 6.
(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn L Hng Phong, Tp H Ch Minh, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
48
De
a 2 25
a 5
x
y
2
* (E) :
1
b 9
b 3
25 9
c 2 a 2 b 2 16 c 4
Theo gi thit th BF2 + AF1 = 6 (1)

Mt khc BF2 + BF1 = AF1 + AF2 = 10
Suy ra BF2 + BF1 + AF2 + AF1 = 20 BF1 + AF2 = 14 (2)
* Vy chu vi t gic F1F2AB l P = F1F2 + AF2 + BF1 + AB = 2c + 14 + AB = 22 + AB
2
Th
iTh
Do Pmin ABmin ( xB xA )2 ( yB yA )2
xA2 y A2
1 (2)
A (E)
25
9
2
Mt khc
2
B
(
E
)
xB yB 1 (3)
9
25
1
1
* Ly (2) tr (3) ta c: (xA2 - xB2) + (yA2 - yB2) = 0 (4)
25
9
et
u.N
T (1) a - exB + a + exA = 6 xB - xA= 5 (5) nn AB = 52 + (yB - yA)2 5

Yu cu bi ton ABmin = 5 yB = yA
Do (4) (xA - xB)(xA + xB) = 0 xA + xB = 0 (6)
5
xA
3 3
2
* Gii (5) v (6) ta c
y A yB
2
x 5
B
2
5 3 3 5 3 3
Vy ta im A v B tha yu cu bi ton l A ;
, B ;
2
2 2
2
Cu 54. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c nh D(7; 3) v cnh BC = 2AB. Gi M,
N ln lt l trung im ca AB v BC. Tm ta nh C bit phng trnh MN l x + 3y 16 = 0.
(Trch phn nng cao thi th ln 4 khi B, Group Ton 3K Class, Facebook, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
49
De
Th
* Gi K v H ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca D trn MN v AC.

Phng trnh DK l 3x - y - 24 = 0 Ta K tha h phng trnh:
44
x 3 y 16 0
44 12
5
K ;
5 5
3x y 24 0
y 12
5
* Gi I = MN CD. Ta c ACIM l hnh bnh hnh CI = AM
iTh
Theo nh l Thales thun ta c:
2
41 3
DH DC 2
=
= DH DK H ;
DK DI 3
3
5 5
ng thng AC qua H v AC // MN AC: x + 3y - 10 = 0.

* C AC C(10 - 3c; c)
Trong ACD D c
1
1
1
CD 2 18
2
2
2
AD
CD
DH
et
u.N
c 0 C (10;0)
* Do : (10 - 3c - 7)2 + (c + 3)2 = 18 10c2 - 12c = 0

6
32 6
c C ;
5
5 5
32 6
;
5 5
Vy ta im C tha yu cu bi ton l C (10;0) hay C
Cu 55. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H(3; 0) v trung im ca BC l
I(6;1). ng thng AH c phng trnh x + 2y 3 = 0. Gi D, E ln lt l chn ng cao k t B v C
ca tam gic ABC. Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC, bit ng thng DE: x 2 = 0 v im D
c tung dng.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Chuyn Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
50
De
iTh
Th
* Gi K l trung im ca AH. T gic ADHE ni tip ng trn tm K v BCDE ni tip ng trn

tm I. Suy ra IK vung gc DE. Nn IK : y 1 = 0
* Ta K(1; 1) suy ra A(-1 ; 2)
d 3 (tm)
D(2;3)
* D thuc DE nn D(2; d). Ta c KA = KD 5 1 (d 1) 2
d 1 (ktm)
* Phng trnh AC: x 3y +7 = 0. Phng trnh BC: 2x y 11 = 0
Ta C(8; 5) suy ra B(4; - 3)
Vy ta cc im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 2), B(4; 3), C (8;5)
Cu 56. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng phn gic trong gc ACB ct
11 13
; v M (M N). Bit ng thng AM
2 2
ng cao AH v ng trn ng knh AC ln lt ti N
et
u.N
ct BC ti F(5;5) . Tm ta cc nh A, B, C ca tam gic ABC bit A thuc ng thng x 2 y 7 0

v A c tung nguyn.
(Trch thi th ln 1, Website: Moon.vn, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii:
* D thy gc AMC 90o (gc chn ng kinh AC) suy ra AF vung gc CM.
Ta c AFC cn ti C do c phn gic gc ACB ng thi l ng cao. Do vy MC l trung trc
ca AF.
a 7 A(7;7)
2
2
25
13
5
* Gi A(2a 7; a) . Ta c NA NF 2a a
28
21 28
2
2
2
a 5 A 5 ; 5 (loai )
Suy ra M(6;6). Khi phng trnh ng thng MC: x + y 12 = 0
51
Th
De
AH BC
NF AC (do N l trc tm tam gic AFC)
* Li c:
CM AF
Phng trnh ng thng AC qua A vung gc vi NF l x + 3y 28 = 0
x 4
C (4;8)
y 8
x y 12 0
iTh
x 3 y 28 0
* Khi C CM AC Ta C l nghim ca h:
Suy ra phng trnh AB: 3x y 14 = 0
17
;3
3
T ta c: BC: 3x + y 20 = 0. B BC AB B
17
;3 , C (4;8)
3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(7;7), B
et
u.N
Cu 57. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm I(2;1), bn knh R = 5.
Chn ng cao h t B, C, A ca tam gic ABC ln lt l D(4; 2), E(1; -2) v F. Tm ta tm ng
trn ni tip ca tam gic DEF, bit rng A c tung dng.
Hng dn gii :
* T gic BCDE ni tip ng trn nn AED BCD .
K tip tuyn At ca (I; R) ta c BCD EAt suy ra AED EAt At / / DE AI DE
* Phng trnh AI qua I, vung gc vi DE: 3x + 4y 10 = 0
a 6 A(6; 2) (ktm)
10 3a
2
2
AI
AI
25
4
a
12
Suy ra A a;
a 2 A(2; 4)
* Ta c gc DEC DBC HEF EC l phn gic trong ca gc DEF
52
Th
De
Tng t ta c DB l phn gic trong ca gc EFD
Suy ra H (giao im ca BD v CE) l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic DEF.
* Phng trnh ng CE qua E vung gc AE l x 2y 5 = 0
Phng trnh BD qua D v vung gc AD l 3x y 10 = 0
Do H BD EC H (3; 1)
iTh
Vy ta tm ng trn ni tip tam gic DEF l H (3; 1)

Cu 58. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD c y l AD v BC, bit rng AB = BC,
AD = 7. ng cho AC c phng trnh x 3y 3 = 0; im M(-2; -5) thuc ng thng AD. Tm ta
nh D bit rng nh B(1;1).
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Hu Lc 2, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
et
u.N
Hng dn gii :
* Do ABCD l hnh thang cn nn ABCD l hnh thang ni tip ng trn.
Do AB = BC = CD nn AC l ng phn gic trong gc BAD.
Gi E l im i xng ca B qua AC suy ra E thuc AD.
* Ta c phng trnh BE l 3x + y 4 = 0.
53
De
Gi F l giao im AC v BE suy ra ta F l nghim ca h:

3
x
3
y
3
0
3 1
2
F ;
2 2
3x y 4 0
y 1
2
Do F l trung im BE nn E(2; -2)
* Li do M thuc AD nn phng trnh AD l 3x 4y 14 = 0
im A l giao im AD v AC nn ta A l nghim ca h:
3x 4 y 14 0 x 6
A 6;1
x 3y 3 0
y 1
* Gi D AD D(2 4a; 2 3a)
Th
58 26
12
a
D1 5 ; 5
5
2
2
2
Do AD = 7 AD 49 (4a 4) (3a 3) 49
2
2 16
a
D2 ;
5
5 5
im B v D lun nm v 2 pha ca ng AC do kim tra v tr tng i ca B v 2 im D

trn ta thy ch c im D2 tha mn.
2 16
5 5
Vy im D tha yu cu bi ton l D2 ;
Hng dn gii :
* Ta c d(M; BN) =
|13(1) 10.2 13 |
13 10
2
et
u.N
iTh
Cu 59. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh binh hnh ABCD c N l trung im ca cnh CD v g
thng BN c phng trnh l 13x 10y + 13 = 0; im M(-1; 2) thuc on thng AC sao cho AC = 4AM.
Gi H l im i xng vi N qua C. Tm ta cc nh A, B, C, D bit rng 3AC = 2AB v im H thuc
ng thng 2x 3y = 0.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Chuyn H Tnh, nm 2015)
20
.Ta c: H H (3a; 2a)
269
* Gi I l giao im 2 ng cho AC v BD, G l giao im cu AC v BN. Ta thy G l trng tm

tam gic BCD.
2
3
Suy ra CG CI
1
AC
5 AC
4MG
AC m AM
MG
CG
3
4
12
5
54
Suy ra d (C , BN ) 4 d ( M ; BN ) d ( H ; BN ) 2d (C , BN ) 32
5
269
De
a 1
|13.3a 10.2a 13 |
32
a 45
269
269
19
V H v M nm khc pha i vi ng thng BN nn ta nhn H(3; 2).

3 AC 2 AB 2CD CD
* Ta thy MC
CN CH MHN M
4
4
4
2
MH c phng trnh y 2 = 0 nn MN: x + 1 = 0.
Suy ra N(-1; 0) suy ra C(1; 1), D(-3 -1).
5 7
1 5
7 13
; I ; B ;
3 3
3 3
3 3
* Do CM 3MA A
5 7 7 13
; , B ; , C (1;1), D(3; 1)
3 3 3 3
Vy ta cc im tha yu cu bi ton l A
Th
Cu 60. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c nh C thuc : x 2 y 1 0 , ng

thng BD c phng trnh 7 x y 9 0 . im E(-1; 2) thuc cnh AB sao cho EB = 2EA. Bit rng B c
tung dng. Tm ta cc im A, B, C, D.
(Trch phn c bn thi th ln 3, THPT Chuyn Quc Hc, Hu, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
* C C (2c 1; c) .
c2
4
|13c 2 | 4 | 18 |
Ta c: d (C ; BD) d ( E; BD)
c 22
3
3 50
50
13
c = 2 suy ra C(5; 2) (tha mn v C, E khc pha i vi BD)
22
31 22
C
;
(loi v C, E cng pha i vi BD)
13
13 13
* B BD : 7 x y 9 0 B(b;7b 9) .
55
b2
Ta c: EBC 90 BE.BC 0 (1 b)(5 b) (11 7b)(11 7b) 0
b 29
25
Vi b = 2 suy ra B(2; 5) (tha mn iu kin B c tung dng).

0
Vi b
29
29 22
B ;
(ktm)
25
25 25
De
x A 2 (1 2)
x 2
4
3
* Ta c: BA BE
A
A(2;1)
1
y
4
3
A
y 5 (2 5)
A
* Mt khc, BA CD D(1; 2)
Vy ta cc im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2;1), B(2;5), C (5; 2), D(1; 2)
Th
Cu 61. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng phn gic trong ca gc A nm trn
ng thng d: x + y = 0, ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c phng trnh x y 4 x 2 y 20 0 .

Bit rng im M(3; -4) thuc ng thng BC v im A c honh m. Tm ta ca cc im A, B,
C.
(Trch phn nng cao thi th ln 3, THPT Chuyn Quc Hc, Hu, nm 2014)
2
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
* Gi (T ) : x y 4 x 2 y 20 0 . Ta giao im ca d v (T) l nghim ca h phng trnh:
2
x 2 y 2 4 x 2 y 20 0
x 2, y 2
x 5, y 5
x y 0
V A l mt giao im ca d v (T), ng thi A c honh m nn A(-2;2)

Gi I(2; -1) l tm ca ng trn (T).
* Gi D(5; -5) l giao im th hai ca d v (T). Do AD l phn gic trong gc A nn ta c DB = DC.
Suy ra ID l ng trung trc ca BC.
ng thng BC qua M(3; -4) v c vecto php tuyn ID (3; 4) nn c phng trnh:
3( x 3) 4( y 4) 0 BC : 3x 4 y 25 0
56
* Ta cc im B, C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
x 2 y 2 4 x 2 y 20 0
x7
hay
1
3
x
4
y
25
y 29
3 29
3 29
hay B ; , C (7; 1)
5 5
5 5
De
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(7; 1), C ;
Cu 62. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang vung ABCD vung ti A v D c AB = AD < CD,
im B(1;2), ng thng BD c phng trnh y = 2; Bit rng ng thng d: 7x y 25 = 0 ln lt ct
cc on AD v CD theo th t ti M v N sao cho BM vung gc vi BC v BN l tia phn gic ca gc
MBC. Tm ta nh D, bit honh ca D dng.
(Trch thi th THPT Gia Bnh 1, Bc Ninh, nm 2015)
iTh
Th
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Ta c t gic MBCD ni tip suy ra BDC BMC 450 nn tam gic BCM vung cn ti B hay
BN l trung trc ca MC, hay BMN BCN .
* H BH vung gc vi d, H thuc d v BE vung gc vi DC, E thuc DC.
Khi hai tam gic BHM = BEC suy ra BE = BH = d(B, d) = 2 2
* Ta li c ABED l hnh vung nn BD = 4
D(x;2) thuc ng BD: y = 2,
x 5
Ta c phng trnh BD2 = 16 ( x 1)2 16
x 3
* Do D c honh dng nn D(5; 2).
Vy ta im D tha yu cu bi ton l D(5; 2)
Cu 63. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trc tm H(2; 0), phng trnh ng trung
tuyn CM: x + 7y 8 = 0, phng trnh ng trung trc ca BC: x 3 = 0. Tm ta ca nh A
(Trch phn c bn thi th ln 1, Din n n Luyn Ton, nm 2012)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi G v O ln lt l trng tm v tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC. t O(3; a)
Suy ra phng trnh OH l:
x2 y 0
OH : a( x 2) y 0
3 2 a 0
* Ta c G l giao im ca OH v CM nn ta G tha mn h:
57
14a 8
a
x
y
(
2)
0
14a 8 2a
7a 3
G
;
7a 3 7a 3
x 7y 8 0
y 2a
7a 3
Th
De
* Li c: 2GO GH 0 nn 2( xO xG ) ( xH xG ) 0 6 3
Vy
8
G ;0
3
dng suy ra
ta
iTh
m
AG 2GC N 3;
2
14a 8
20 a0
7a 3
O(3;0).
* Phng trnh ng thng BC, vung gc vi x = 3 c dng y
Gi
A(2; m)
Da
vo
m
.
2
C thuc ng trn tm O bn knh OA vi OA2 1 m 2 .
3m2
* TH1: vi xC 3 1
, ta c:
4
3 1
et
u.N
3m 2
xC 3 1
m2
2
4
1 m2
Ta c ( xC 3)
4
m
2
Mt khc C thuc CM nn ta c:
3m2 7m
3m2
7m
8 0 1
5
4
2
4
2
10
m
7m
7
5
0
m 2 (ktm)
2
2
1 3m 25 35m 49m
24
m
(tm)
4
4
23
* TH1: vi xC 3 1
3m2
, ta c:
4
3m2 7m
3m2 7m
3 1
8 0 1
5
4
2
4
2
58
10
m
7m
7
5 0
m 2 (tm)
2
2
3
m
49
m
1
25 35m
24
m
(k tm)
4
4
23
Vy ta im A tha yu cu bi ton l A 2; 2 hay A 2;
De
24
23
Cu 64. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : ( x 2) ( y 1) 4 . Gi M l im sao cho

tip tuyn qua M tip xc vi (C) ti E, ct tuyn qua M ct (C) ti A, B sao cho tam gic ABE vung cn
ti B. Tm ta im M sao cho khong cch t M n O l ngn nht
(Trch phn nng cao thi th ln 1, Din n n Luyn Ton, nm 2012)
2
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
* Gi I l tm ng trn (C), suy ra I(-2; 1). V tam gic EBA vung cn ti B, nn EA l ng knh
ca ng trn. Suy ra MI 2 5
et
u.N
* Ta c MO | MI OI | | 2 5 5 | 5 (theo bt ng thc tam gic).
Du bng xy ra khi v ch M, O, I thng hng (1) v MO 5 (2)

* M, O, I thng hang suy ra M thuc OI: x + 2y = 0 suy ra M (2m; m)
m 1 M (2;1) I (loai)
* MO 2 5 (2m) 2 m2 5
m 1 M (2; 1)
Vy ta im M tha yu cu bi ton l M (2; 1)
Cu 65. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : ( x 1) ( y 2) 16 v ng thng d c

phng trnh 3x + 4y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c bn knh bng 1 tip xc ngoi vi (C)
sao cho khong cch t tm I ca n n d l ln nht
(Trch thi th ln 4, Website: toanphothong.vn , nm 2012)
2
Hng dn gii cch 1:
* Xt ng trn (C ) : ( x 1) ( y 2) 16 c tm O(-1; 2) v bn knh R = 4.

2
Gi I(a; b), do (C) tip xc ngoi (C) nn ta c: OI R R 5 (a 1) (b 2) 25

'
59
Mt khc ta c: d ( I ; )
| 3a 4b 5 |
5
Khi ta quy v bi ton tm min gi tr ca P 3a 4b 5 vi (a 1) (b 2) 25

2
* y l bi ton rt quen thuc. S dng phng php rt th ta s c : b
P 3a 5
4
Suy ra 16(a 1) ( P 3(a 1)) 400 ( t t a 1 )

2
Suy ra 16t ( P 3t ) 400 25t 6Pt P 400 0

2
De
2
* Ta cn tm P phng trnh c nghim t, hay ' 16 P 10000 0 25 P 25
Khi ta c ngay khong cch ln nht ca d ( I ; )max P 25
T suy ra c 2 im I tha mn I (2;6) hay I 2;
Vy phng trnh ng trn tha yu cu bi ton l

2
Th
( x 2) ( y 6) 1 hay ( x 2) y 1
2
et
u.N
iTh
Hng dn gii cch 2:
* u tin ta c ng trn (C) c tm I(-1; 2) v R = 4. im I thuc ng thng (y l im
mu cht li gii ngn gn hn).
Ta c ng trn (C) c tm I v bn knh r = 1 v tip xc ngoi vi ng trn (C) nn
ta d dng suy ra qu tch ca cc im I l ng trn (K) c tm I v R = R + r = 5.
Hay phng trnh l: (K) : ( x 1)2 ( y 2)2 25
* V hnh ra ta thy khong cch ca I n l ln nht khi I l giao im ca ng thng i qua I v

vung gc vi ng trn (K). Ta vit phng trnh ng thng l 4x 3y + 10 = 0.
D dng tm ra giao im ca n l nghim ca h:
( x 1)2 ( y 2)2 25
suy ra I '(2;6) hay I ' 2;
4 x 3 y 10 0
60

2
( x 2) ( y 6) 1 hay ( x 2) y 1
2
Cu 66. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn ( K ) : x y 4 v hai im A(0; 2), B(0; -2). im
C v D (C khc A v B) l hai im thuc ng trn (K) v i xng nhau qua trc tung. Bit rng giao
2
2
im E ca hai ng AC v BD nm trn ng trn ( K1 ) : x y 3x 4 0 , hy tm ta im E.
2
De
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
* Ta c C, D thuc ng trn (K) m li i xng vi nhau qua trc tung nn ta 2 im c dng:
C (a; b), D(a; b), (a, b 0)
Ta c: a b 4 (1)
2
et
u.N
AC : (b 2) x a( y 2) 0
Khi ta d dng vit c phng trnh ng thng
BD : (b 2) x a( y 2) 0
2a
(b 2) x a( y 2) 0
b
* Toa E l nghim ca h:
(b 2) x a( y 2) 0
y4
* V E thuc ( K1 ) nn ta c: 4 a2 162 6a 4 0 4a 2 16 6ab 4b2 0 (2)

b
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c 4a 3b .

T
gii
ra
bi
ton
nghim
hnh
l:
6 8 6 8
6 8 6 8
C ; , D ; hay C ; , D ;
5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5
6 8 6 8
6 8 6 8
; , D ; hay C ; , D ;
5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5
Vy ta im C v D tha yu cu bi ton l C
61
2
2
2
2
Cu 67. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho (C1 ) : ( x 1) ( y 2) 9 v (C2 ) : ( x 1) y 16 v ng
thng d: 2x + 4y 15 = 0. Tm M thuc (C1 ) v N thuc (C2 ) sao ch MN nhn d l ng trung trc v N c

honh m.
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
De
* Nu ta gi M(a; b) v N(c; d) th ta c 4 n s cn tm.
M (C1 ) (a 1)2 (b 2) 2 9
Ta c:
N (C2 ) : (c 1) 2 d 2 16
et
u.N
MN .nd 0
vi I l trung im MN.
I d
* d l ng trung trc nn ta c:
(a 1) 2 (b 2) 2 9
(c 1) 2 d 2 16
V th ta thu c h phng trnh:
2(a c) 4(b d ) 0
(a c) 2(b d ) 15 0
* H ny ch l h bc 2 nn ta c th gii bng cch t 2 phng trnh cui ta s rt cc n th vo 2

phng trnh bn trn v cui cng ta c mt h bc 2 c hai n.
15
a 2d
2(
a
c
)
4(
b
d
)
2
T h:
(a c) 2(b d ) 15 0 c 15 2b
2
* Ti y th ta thay vo h phng trnh u v c:
62
2
13
2
2d (b 2) 9
2
(vic gii tip h ny xin danh cho bn c)
17
2
2 2b d 16
Cu 68. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti B c BC = 2AB. im M(2; -2) l trung
De
4 8
5 5
im ca cnh AC. Gi N l im trn cnh BC sao cho BC = 4BN. im H ; l giao im AN v
BM. Xc nh ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit N thuc ng thng x + 2y 6 = 0.

(Trch thi th ln 3, Website dethithudaihoc.com , nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
AB BC
BN
2
4
V ABN BKM BNA BMK m MBN BMK 900 . Do BHN 900
* Gi K l trung im BC, ng trung bnh MK
et
u.N
6 18
; , phng trnh AN l:
5 5
6 6 18
8
x y 0 x 3y 4 0
5 5 5
5
* MH
x 2 y 6 0
x 2
N (2; 2)
* Khi ta N l nghim ca h:
x 3y 4 0
y 2
b
3
b
* Mt khc, BC 4 BN B b; 3 . M B BM 3b 4 4 0 b 0 B(0; 4)
3
Vy ta cc im tha yu cu bi ton l A(4; 0), B(0; 4), C (8; 4)
Cu 69. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c ABC 600 , ng trn (C), c tm I bn
kinh l 2 tip xc vi tt c cc cnh ca hnh thoi (tip xc vi AB v CD ln lt ti M v N, tung ca
I dng). Bit phng trnh ng thng MN : x 3 y 1 0 , ng thng cha cnh AD khng vung
gc vi trc tung v i qua im P(3; 0). Vit phng trnh cc ng thng cha cnh AB, AD.
(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn Bc Ninh, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
* Do AB vung gc MN nn AB c vecto php tuyn nAB ( 3; 1) .
Gi vecto php tuyn ca AD l nAD (a; b) (a2 b2 0)

63
Do
a 0 (ktm)
1
|a 3 b| 1
DAB 1200 | cos(nAB ; nAD ) |
2a 2 2 3ab 0
2
2 a 2 b2 2
ab 3
Th
De
* Vi a b 3 ta chn a 3 b 1
iTh
AD i qua P(3;0) c vecto php tuyn l nAD ( 3;1) nn c phng trnh l:
AD : 3x y 3 3 0
* V I thuc MN nn I 1 a 3; a . Ta c:
d ( I ; AD) 2
a 2 3
| 3a 3 a 3 3 |
2 | a 3 | 2
2
a 2 3
Do I c tung dng nn ta nhn I (4 2 3;2 3)
et
u.N
* Gi M (1 m 3; m) , ta c:
m 3 3
IM 2 (m 3 3 2 3) 2 (m 3 2) 2 4
m 1 3
Vi m 3 3 M 4 3 3;3 3 AB : 3x y 12 5 3 0 (loi v gc ABC 1200 )
Vi m 1 3 M 4 3;1 3 AB : 3x y 4 5 3 0 (loi v gc ABC 1200 )
AB : 3x y 4 5 3 0
Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l
AD : 3x y 3 3 0
Cu 70. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : 3x 4 y 8 0, d2 : 4 x 3 y 19 0 . Vit

phng trnh ng trn (C) tip xc vi hai ng thng d1; d2 ng thi ct ng thng 2 x y 2 0
ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho AB 2 5
(Trch phn c bn thi th Website nguoithay.vn, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
64
* Gi I(a; b) l ta tm v R l bn kinh ca ng trn cn tm.
Do ng thng 2x y 2 = 0 ct (C) ti A, B vi AB 2 5 nn ta c:
d ( I ; )
R2 5
| 2a b 2 |
R2 5
* ng trn (C) tip xc vi d1 : 3x 4 y 8 0, d2 : 4 x 3 y 19 0 khi:
De
b 7a 27
| 3a 4b 8 |
|
3
4
8
|
a
d ( I ; d1 ) R
R
R | 5a 20 |
5
a 7b 11
d
(
I
;
d
)
R
|
4
a
3
b
19
|
2
R 3a 4b 8 (4a 3b 19)
5
R | 5b 5 |
a 3
5 | a 5 | (5a 20) 5
a 9
2
b 2
a 7b 11
2
* Vi
, thay vo (*), ta c: 5 | 3b 4 | (5b 5) 5
b 3
R
|
5
b
5
|
2
b 7a 27
, thay vo (*), ta c:
* Vi
R | 5a 20 |
Th
(C ) : ( x 3) 2 ( y 6) 2 25 hay (C ) :( x 3) 2 ( y 2) 2 25
2
2
2
2
9
9 25
1
3 25
(
C
)
:
x
hay
(
C
)
:
x
2
2
4
2
2
4
et
u.N
iTh
2
2
Cu 71. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C1 ) : ( x 2) ( y 4) 25 c tm I1 v ng
thng : 3x 2 y 7 0 . ng trn (C2 ) c bn kinh bng 10 ct ng trn (C1 ) ti hai im A v B,
tm I 2 nm trn ng thng sao cho din tch t gic I1 AI 2 B bng 15. Vit phng trnh ng trn
(C2 ) .
65
(Trch phn nng cao thi th Website nguoithay.vn, nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
* ng trn (C1 ) c tm I1 (2;4) v bn kinh R1 5
21 13
13
AI1. AI 2 sin S I1 AI2 B
Do I 2 nm trn ng thng nn I1 I 2 d ( I1 ; )
t gc I1 AI 2 . Ta c 2S I1 AI2 S I1 AI2 B
1
10
1
10
et
u.N
iTh
Th
De
cos
3
5 10 sin 15 sin
10
cos
* Vi cos 1 , theo nh l hm cosin, ta c:

10
I1 I 2 2 AI12 AI 2 2 2 AI1 AI 2 cos 25 I1 I 2 5 (ktm (*))

* Vi cos 1 , tng t ta c I1I 2 3 5 (tm (*))
10
61
3
a
2
b
0
a
13
Gi I 2 (a; b) . Ta c: 22
hay
2
2
(a 2) (b 4) 45
I1 I 2 45
b 2
b 46
13
Vy phng trnh ng trn im tha yu cu bi ton l
61
46
(C ) : ( x 1) ( y 2) 10 hay (C ) : x y 10
13
13
Cu 72. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD trong A thuc ng thng x y 1 0 v
66
ng thng CD c phng trnh 2 x y 3 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh vung bit hnh vung c

din tch bng 5 bit rng C c honh m.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Nguyn Trung Thin, H Tnh, nm 2012)
Hng dn gii :
a 1
| 2a (1 a) 3 |
* Ta c: d ( A; CD)
5 | 3a 2 | 5
a 7
5
5
Th
De
iTh
* Vi a = 1 suy ra A(1; 0).

Phng
trnh
cnh
AD
qua
vung
gc
CD
l: ( x 1) 2( y 0) 0 AD : x 2 y 1 0
x 2 y 1 0
D(1;1)
Khi : D AD CD l nghim ca h
2 x y 3 0
ng trn tm D bn kinh
5 c phng trnh : ( D) : ( x 1)2 ( y 1)2 5
et
u.N
2x y 3 0
C (0;3) hay C (2; 1)
Mt khc C CD ( D)
2
2
( x 1) ( y 1) 5
1 3
2 2
Do C c honh dng nn ta nhn C(-2; -1) O ; (O l giao im 2 ng cho

AC v BD) suy ra B(2; 2)
* Vi a
7
7 10
2 5
A ; . Gi M l giao im gia d v CD ta c M ; . Gii tng t ta thy
3
3 3
3 3
cc tung ca C u dng nn trong trng hp ny khng tha mn.

Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 0), B(2; 2), C (2; 1), D(1;1)
Cu 73. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A, D c B 8;4 , CD 2 AB v
82 6
; thuc ng thng AC. Tm ta cc
13 13
phng trnh ng thng AD l x y 2 0 . im M
im A, C, D.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Chuyn Vnh Phc, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
* Phng trnh ng thng AB : x y 12 0 . Suy ra ta ca A 5;7
67
82 6
; AC phng trnh ng thng AC :5 x y 32 0
13 13
* Do M
* D a; a 2 AD . Do DC 2 AB C a 6; a 4
* Do C AC a 1 Vy, A 5;7 , D 1;3 v C 7; 3 .
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A 5; 7 , C 7; 3 , D 1;3
Th
De
iTh
Cu 74. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC. ng thng d song song vi BC ct cc cnh
AB, AC ln lt ti M v N sao cho AM = CN. Bit rng M(4; 0), C(5; 2) v chn ng phn gic trong
ca gc A l D(0; 1). Hy tm ta ca A v B.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT on Thng, Hi Dng, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
Gi D' l im trn cnh BC sao cho CD' = MN.
Ta c MNCD' l hnh bnh hnh
MD' = CN = AM AMD' cn ti M
MD'A = MAD' = D'AC
AD' l phn gic ca gc A D' trng D. CA qua C v song song MD
x 5 4t
(t R) .
AC:
y 2 t
et
u.N
CA c vect ch phng l MD (4; 1)
* A AC A(5 + 4a; 2 a) MA (9 4a; 2 a)
Ta c MA = MD (9 + 4a)2 + (2 a)2 = 17
17a2 + 68a + 85 17 = 0 a = 2 suy ra A(3; 4).
x4 y
4 x y 16 0
1
4
DC (5;3) BC: x y 1 3x 5 y 5 0 .
5
3
* MA (1; 4) AB:
4 x y 16
x 5
. Vy B(5; 4).
Do B:
3x 5 y 5
y 4
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(3; 4), B(5; 4)
Cu 75. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c A 1;2 . Gi M, N ln lt l trung im
ca cnh AD v DC; K l giao im ca BN vi CM. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
68
BMK, bit BN c phng trnh 2 x y 8 0 v im B c honh ln hn 2.
(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn Hng Yn, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
Th
De
* Gi E = BN AD D l trung im ca AE
Dng AH BN ti H AH d A; BN 8
Trong tam gic vung ABE:
1
1
1
5
2
2
2
AH
AB
AE
4AB2
5.AH
4
2
iTh
AB
* B BN B(b; 8 - 2b) (b > 2) v AB = 4 B(3; 2)

* Phng trnh AE: x + 1 = 0
E = AE BN E(-1; 10) D(-1; 6) M(-1; 4)

* Gi I l tm ca (BKM) I l trung im ca BM I(1; 3)
R
BM
5 . Vy phng trnh ng trn: (x - 1)2 + (y - 3)2 = 5.
2
et
u.N
Vy phng trnh ng trn tha yu cu bi ton l (C ) : ( x 1)2 ( y 3) 2 5
Cu 76. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(4;2), B(-3;1), C l im c honh dng nm trn
ng thng (d): x + y = 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC, bit din tch tam gic
ABC bng 25.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Ch Linh, Hi Dng, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
69
De
* AB =(-7;-1) l vc t ch phng ca AB nn vc t php tuyn l
n (1; 7)
phng trnh AB:
1 x 4 7 y 2 0 x 7 y 10 0
Th
* C (d ) C (c; c) (c 0)
Ta c: d (C , AB)
| c 7c 10 |
12 7 2
| 8c 10 |
; AB 50
50
* Din tch tam gic ABC bng 25 nn ta c
iTh
c 5
1
| 8c 10 |
SABC d (C , AB). AB
. 50 25
C (5; 5)
c 15 0
2
2 50
2
* Gi (C) l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c phng trnh l:
(C ) : x2 y 2 2ax 2by c 0 (a 2 b2 c 0)
Do A, B, C nm trn (C) nn ta c h
et
u.N
a 1
42 22 8a 4b c 0
8a 4b c 20
2
2
b 2
(3) 1 6a 2b c 0 6a 2b c 10
c 20
52 (5) 2 10a 10b c 0
10a 10b c 50
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l (C ) : x 2 y 2 2 x 4 y 20 0
Cu 77. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C): x2 + y2 = 5 tm O, ng thng (d) c phng
trnh 3x y 2 = 0. Tm ta cc im A, B trn (d) sao cho OA =
cho KA = KB.
10
v on OB ct (C) ti K sao
5
(Trch thi th THPT Tnh Gia 2, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
70
De
K
B
A
* (C): x2 + y2 = 5 c tm O(0;0) bn knh R =
10
=OA OA (d)
5
Th
Ta c d(O;d) =
5.
(d) A(t; 3t 2)
OA =(t; 3t 2)
Mt khc (d) c vecto ch phng ud =(1;3). Ta c: OA . ud = 0
t + 3(3t 2) = 0
t=
3
5
3 1
A ;
5
KA = KB = OK K l trung im OB
iTh
* Ta c OAB vung ti A, KA = KB
OB = 2OK = 2 5
* V B (d) B(b; 3b 2). Ta c OB2 = 20 b2 + (3b 2)2 = 20
5b2 6b 8 = 0
b 2 B 2; 4
b 4 B 4 ; 22
5
5 5
3
5
1
5
3
5
1
5
4 22
;
5 5
et
u.N
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A ; , B(2; 4) hay A ; , B
Cu 78. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A ,bit B v C i xng nhau qua gc
to O .ng phn gic trong gc B ca tam gic ABC l d: x + 2y 5 = 0. Tm to cc nh ca tam
gic ABC, bit ng thng AC i qua K(6;2).
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Thng Xun 3, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi B(5 2 t; t) thuc ng thng d .

71
Do B,C i xng nhau qua O(0;0) nn O l trung im ca BC to ca C (2t 5; t )
* Gi ng thng d i qua O vung gc vi phn gic trong gc B ti H v ct AB ti M
Ta c phng trnh d: 2x y = 0 .
x 2 y 5 0
suy ra H(1;2)
To giao im H l nghim h phng trnh
2 x y 0
* Trong tam gic BOM c BH l ng cao v l phn gic suy ra H l trung im ca OM to M
(2;4)
Th
De
Ta c BM (2t 3; 4 t ) ;CK(11 2t; 2 t ) . Theo gi thit tam gic ABC vung ti A nn

t 1
BM .CK 0 (2t 3)(11 2t ) (4 t )(2 t ) 0 5t 2 30t 25 0 gii ra
t 5
* Vi t = 1 ta c B(3;1) C(3; 1), BM (-1;3)
Ta c phng trnh AB: 3x + y 10 = 0, AC: x + 3y = 0
To A (3;1) loi v trng vi B
* Vi t = 5 ta c B(5;5) C(5; 5), BM (7; 1)
Ta c phng trnh AB: x + 7y 30 = 0, AC: 7x y 40 = 0
31 17
;
5 5
To A
31 17
; , B(5;5), C (5; 5)
5 5
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A
iTh
Cu 79. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn C : x 2 y 2 4 x 6 y 4 0 .Vit phng trnh
cc ng thng cha cc cnh ca hnh vung MNPQ ni tip ng trn C bit im M 2;0 .
(Trch thi th THPT Thiu Ha, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* ng trn c tm I 2; 3 , bn knh R 3 .
Hnh vung MNPQ ni tip ng trn C nn tm hnh vung cng l tm I 2; 3 ca ng
trn, hay I l trung im ca MP, suy ra ta im P 2; 6
* Gi n1 a; b a 2 b2 0 l vct php tuyn ca ng thng cha cnh hnh vung,

72
V PM 0;6 nn ng thng MP c vc t php tuyn: n2 1;0 . Cc cnh ca hnh vung hp
vi ng cho MP mt gc 450 .nn ta c:
cos n1 ; n2 cos 450
a
a b , 1 0
2
2
2
a b
a
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
a
a b
a 2 b2 2
De
Vy c hai vct php tuyn l: n 1;1 v n ' 1; 1
* Cp ng thng c vct php tuyn n 1;1 :
+) i qua M 2;0 : x y 2 0
+) i qua P 2; 6 : x y 4 0
* Cp ng thng c vct php tuyn n 1; 1 :
+) i qua M 2;0 : x y 2 0
Th
+) i qua P 2; 6 : x y 8 0
x y 2 0
x y 4 0
Vy phng trnh ng thng cha cc cnh ca hnh vung MNPQ l

x y 2 0
x y 8 0
iTh
Cu 80. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im H(1;2) l hnh chiu vung gc
9
2
ca A ln BD. im M ;3 l trung im ca cnh BC, phng trnh ng trung tuyn k t A ca
ADH l d: 4 x y 4 0 . Vit phng trnh cnh BC.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Triu Sn 5, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Gi K l trung im ca HD. chng minh AN vung gc vi MN. Gi P l trung im ca AH.Ta c

AB vung gc vi KP, Do P l trc tm ca tam gic ABK.
Suy ra BP AK AK KM
9
2
* Phng trnh KM: i qua M ;3 v vung gc vi AN c phng trnh:

73
MK: x 4 y
1
15
0 suy ra To K ;2
2
2
* Do K l trung im ca HD nn D(0;2)
Suy ra phng trnh (BD): y 2 = 0
AH: x 1 = 0 v A(1; 0) suy ra AD: 2x + y 2 = 0
* BC qua M v song song vi AD nn BC: 2x + y 12 = 0.
Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l BC : 2 x y 12 0
De
Cu 81. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Hai im B v C thuc trc tung. Phng
trnh ng cho AC: 3x + 4y 16 = 0. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht cho, bit rng bn
knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ACD bng 1.
(Trch thi th s 1, Website toanphothong.com , nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
et
u.N
* Ta c C l giao im ca trc tung v ng thng AC nn C(0;4) .

V bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ACD bng 1 nn bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic
ABC cng bng 1 .
* V B nm trn trc tung nn B(0;b). ng thng AB i qua B v vung gc vi BC Oy : x 0 nn
AB : y = b .
16 4b
;b .
3
* V A l giao im ca AB v AC nn A
Gi r l bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC. Ta c

16 4b
4
2
b 4.
b4
2S ABC
3
3
r
2
4
5
AB BC CA
16 4b
16 4b
b4 b4 b4
b4
(b 4) 2
3
3
3
3
r
1
b4 .
3
* Theo gi thit r = 1 nn ta c b = 1 hoc b = 7 .

Vi b = 1 ta c A(4; 1), B(0; 1). Suy ra D(4; 4) .
Vi b = 7 ta c A(4; 7), B(0; 7). Suy ra D(4; 4) .
A(4;1), B(0;1), C (0; 4), D(4; 4)

Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l
A(4;7), B(0; 7), C (0; 4), D( 4; 4)
Cu 82. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trung im cnh BC l M(3; 1). Ta im
74
E(1; 3) thuc ng thng cha ng cao qua nh B. ng thng AC qua F(1; 3). Tm ta cc nh
ca tam gic ABC bit ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c ng kinh AD vi D(4; 2)
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Nguyn Trung Thin, H Tnh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi H l trc tm tam gic ABC suy ra BDCH l hnh bnh hnh
Suy ra M l trung im ca DH suy ra H(2; 0).
* ng thng AC i qua F(1; 3) v nhn HE (3; 3) lm vecto php tuyn nn phng trnh:
De
1( x 1) 1( y 3) 0 AC : x y 4 0
ng cao BH qua H v E nn phng trnh BH l x y 2 = 0.

* Gi ta B, C l: B(b; b 2), C (c; 4 c) . Do M l trung im BC nn ta c h:
bc 6
b 1
B(1; 1), C(5; 1)
2
c
* ng cao AH i qua H v vung gc BC nn AH c phng trnh x = 2. Ta A tha h:
Th
x2
x 2
A(2; 2)
y 5
x y 4
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2; 2), B(1; 1), C(5; 1)
et
u.N
iTh
Cu 83. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho vung cn ti A. Gi M l trung im ca on BC, G l trng
tm tam gic ABM, D (7; 2) l im nm trn on MC sao cho GA = GD. Vit phng trnh ng thng
AB ca tam gic ABC bit nh A c honh nh hn 4 v phng trnh AG l 3 x y 13 0
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Chuyn Bc Ninh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
75
De
* Gi N l trung im ca AB th MN l trung trc ca on AB (do GB = GA = GD)

Nn G l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABD, m gc ABM 450 , nn
Th
AGD 900
Ngha l tam gic ADG vung cn ti G.
* Ta c: AG GD d ( D; AG) | 3.7 2 13 | 10
10
Gi ta im A(a;3a 13) ta c:
a 5 (ktm)
AD AG 2 (a 7)2 (3a 13 2) 2 20 a 2 8a 15 0
A(3; 4)
a 3 (tm)
3
iTh
* Ta c NG 1 NA cos BAG AN 3 .
AG
10
Gi vecto php tuyn ca AB l nAB (a; b) (a2 b2 0)
Ta c cos BAG cos n; nAG
| 3a b |
b0
3
6ab 8b 2 0
10
3a 4b
a 2 b2 10
* Vi 3a 4b chn a = 4 suy ra b = - 3, khi AB: 4x 3y 24 = 0 loi)
Vi b = 0, chn a = 1 nn phng trnh AB: x 3 = 0 (tha mn).
et
u.N
Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l AB : x 3 0
Cu 84. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh ng thng AB : 2 x y 1 0 ,
phng trnh ng thng AC : 3x 4 y 6 0 v im M (1; 3) nm trn ng thng BC tha mn
3MB 2MC . Tm ta trng tm G ca tam gic ABC.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT ng u, Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
76
De
Th
* V B thuc ng thng AB nn B(a; 1 2a).

Tng t C( 2 4b ; 3b).
Ta c: MB (a 1; 4 2a), MC (3 4b;3b 3)
* Ta c: AB AC A Ta A l nghim ca h:
2 x y 1 0
x 2
A(2; 3)
3x 4 y 6 0 y 3
V B, M, C thng hng, 2MB = 2MC nn ta c: 3MB 2MC hay 3MB 2MC
iTh
11
3(a 1) 2(3 4 b)
5
* TH1: 3MB 2MC
3(4
2
a
)
2(3
b
3)
b 6
11 17 14 18
7 10
;
,C ;
G ;
5 5 5 5
3 3
Suy ra B
et
u.N
3(a 1) 2(3 4 b) a 3
* TH2: 3MB 2MC

3(4 2a) 2(3b 3)
b 0
Suy ra B 3; 5 , C 2;0 G 1;
7 10
8
hay G 1;
3 3
3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l G ;
Cu 85. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c D(4;5) . im M l trung im ca
on AD, ng thng CM c phng trnh x 8 y 10 0 . im B nm trn ng thng 2 x y 1 0 .
Tm ta cc nh A, B v C bit rng C c tung nh hn 2.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT o Duy T, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
77
De
Th
* Gi H, K ln lt l hnh chiu ca B, C ln MC.

| 4 8.5 10 |
26
Ta c DK
2
2
65
1 (8)
* Gi I, G l giao im ca BD vi AC v MC
Suy ra G l trng tm tam gic ACD: DG 2GI BG 2 DG
BH BG
2
DK DG
b 2 (tm)
|17b 18 | 52
|17b 18 | 52
b 70 (ktm)
65
65
17
V B v D cng pha so vi CM. Do ta c B(2; -5) suy ra I(3; 0)
* B(b; 2b 1) BH
iTh
* C (8c 10; c) CD.CB (14 8c)(12 8c) (5 c)(5 c) 0

c 1
Suy ra 65c 208c 143 0 143

C (2;1) A(8; 1)
c
(loai do c 2)
65
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(8; 1), B(2; 5), C (2;1)
et
u.N
Cu 86. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti C v D c BC = 2AD = 2DC v ta
nh C(3; 3) , nh A nm trn ng thng d : 3x y 2 0 , phng trnh ng thng DM c dng
l x y 2 0 vi M l im tha mn BC 4CM . Xc nh ta cc im A, D, B
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Hn Thuyn, Bc Ninh, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
78
* V A thuc d suy ra A(a; 2 3a)
Ta c: S ADM 2SDCM d ( A; DM ) 2d (C; DM )
De
a 1 A(3; 7)
* Do
. Do A, C nm khc pha vi ng thng DM nn ta nhn A(-1; 5).
a 3 A(1;5)
* V D thuc DM suy ra D(d; d 2).
AC CD
gii h trn ta c d = 5 suy ra D(5; 3)
T gi thit ta c:
AD CD
* Mt khc BC 2 AD B(9;1)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 5), B(9;1), D(5;3)
Cu 87. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh cc ng thng AB, AC ln lt
l 4 x 3 y 20 0, 2 x y 10 0 . ng trn (C) i qua trung im ca cc on HA, HB, HC c
phng trinh l ( x 1) ( y 2) 25 , trong H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC. Tm ta H bit C c

honh ln hn 4.
(Trch thi th i Hc Thnh Nhn, Lt, nm 2015)
2
Th
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
4 x 2 y 20 0 x 1
A(1; 8)
* Ta A l nghim ca h
2 x y 10 0
y 8
* Gi D, E, F, N ln lt l trung im ca HA, HB, HC, AC v B l chn ng cao h t B ca tam
gic ABC.
EF / / BC
Ta c: NF / / AH EF NF . Tng t ta c: ED DN
BC AH
Vy ng trn (C) i qua D, E, F l ng trn ng knh EN.

Suy ra N thuc (C). Mt khc EB ' B 'N B' (C)
2 x y 10 0
x 2; y 6
* Ta ca N v B l nghim ca h
2
2
( x 1) ( y 2) 25 x 4; y 2
Nu N(-4; -2) th C(-7;4) (loi)
Nu N(-2; -6) th C(-3; -4). Vy N(-2;-6), B(-4;-2), C(-3;-4)
79
* ng thng BH i qua B v nhn vecto ch phng (1; -2) ca AC l php tuyn nn c phng
trnh l x 2y = 0.
ng thng HC i qua C v nhn vecto ch phng (3; 4) ca AB lm vecto php tuyn
nn c phng trnh 3x + 4y + 25 = 0.
x 5
x 2y 0
5
Khi ta H l nghim ca h:
5 H 5;
2
3x 4 y 25 0 y
2
De
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l H 5;
Cu 88. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB AD 2 , tm I (1; 2) . Gi M l

trung im ca cnh CD, H (2; 1) l giao im ca hai ng thng AC v BM. Tm ta cc im A, B.
(Trch thi th khi B, THPT Chuyn L T Trng, Cn Th, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
* T gi thit ta c H l trng tm tam gic BCD. Suy ra IA 3HI A(2; 5)
* Ta c HB
et
u.N
2
BC 6
AC BC 3
BM
; HC
3
3
3
3
Suy ra HB 2 HC 2 BC 2 BM AC
* Suy ra BM i qua H(2; -1) nhn vecto php tuyn IH (1;1) suy ra BM: x + y 1 = 0
Vy ta B c dng B(b; 1 b)
2
2
2
2
2
* Ta c: IA IB (b 1) (3 b) 18 b 4b 4 0 b 2 2 2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(2 2 2; 1 2 2) hay B(2 2 2; 1 2 2)
Cu 89. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c chu vi bng 16. Hai nh A, B thuc
ng thng d c phng trnh: 2 2 x y 2 2 0 v B, C thuc trc honh. Xc nh ta cc nh
ca tam gic ABC.
(Trch thi th ln 5, THPT Chuyn Nguyn Tt Thnh, Kon Tum, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
80
De
Th
* Theo gi thit B l giao im ca d v trc Ox nn ta c B(1; 0).

im A thuc ng thng d nn ta im A c dng A(a; 2 2(a 1)) .
iTh
* Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn Ox suy ra ta H(a; 0).

V tam gic ABC cn ti A nn H l trung im BC suy ra C(2a 1; 0)
BH |1 a |
* Ta c:
.
2
2
AB
(
a
1)
8(
a
1)
3
|
a
1|
Li c, chu vi ca tam gic ABC l 2p = 2AB + 2BH = 8|a 1|

a3
Theo gi thit ta c 16 = 8|t 1|
a 1
* Vi a = 3, ta c: A(3; 4 2), C (5;0)
Vi a = 1, ta c: A(1; 4 2), C (3;0)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(3;4 2), B(1;0), C (5;0) hay A(1; 4 2), B(1;0), C ( 3;0)
et
u.N
Cu 90. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh binh hnh ABCD c BD
10
AC . Gi hnh chiu vung
5
gc ca im D ln cc ng thng AB, BC ln lt l M (2; 1), N (2; 1) . Bit AC nm trn ng

thng c phng trnh x 7 y 0 . Tm ta cc im A, C.
(Trch thi th s 4, Website: toancapba.net , nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi I l trung im BD suy ra IM IN
BD
suy ra I l giao im ca AC v trung trc on MN.
2
M trung trc on MN l trc Oy nn I(0; 0)
81
De
Th
* Trong tam gic vung BMD c IM
BD
10
5
2 5
AC IA IC
2
5
2
7
1
x
;y
x 7y 0
2
2 nn A 7 ; 1 , C 7 ; 1
* Ta A, C l nghim ca h : 2
25
2
x y
2 2 2 2
x 7;y 1
2
2
7 1 7 1
; , C ;
2 2 2 2
iTh
Cu 91. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A nm trn trc honh vi 0 x A
5
.
2
Cc ng cao xut pht t nh B v C ln lt c phng trnh l: d1 : x y 1 0, d2 : 2 x y 4 0 .

Tm ta cc nh A, B, C sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht
(Trch thi th ln 6 , Website: ViettelStudy.vn, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Do B d1 B(t;1 t ), doC d 2 C (t1;4 2t1 )
Do A Ox A(a;0), u1 (1;1), u2 (1; 2) . Ta c: AB (t a;1 t ), AC (t1 a;4 2t1 )

* Li c d1 AC u1.AC 0 t1 4 a
d2 AB u1.AB 0 t 2 a .
Ta
tm
B(a 2; a 1), C (4 a; 2a 4), AC (4 2a; 2a 4)

* Ta c phng trnh: AC : x y a 0
Ta c: AC | 4 2a | 2, d ( B; AC ) | 3a 3 | S ABC 3 | (a 2)(a 1) |
2
5
2
* Xt hm S ABC bin a trn khong 0; ta c kt qu Max5 S ABC
a 0;
2
27
t c khi
4
1
1 5 3 7
a A ;0 , B ; , C ; 3
2
2 2 2 2
1
2
5 3 7
; , C ; 3
2 2 2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A ;0 , B
82
Cu 92. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l
I 2;1 v tha mn iu kin AIB 90 . Chn ng cao k t A n BC l D 1; 1 . ng thng AC

qua M 1;4 . Tm ta cc nh A, B bit nh A c honh dng.
(Trch thi th THPT Th c, Tp H Ch Minh, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
De
* Ta c: AIB 90 BCA 45 hay BCA 135
Suy ra CAD 45 ADC cn ti D.
Ta c DI AC Khi phng trnh ng thng AC c dng: x 2 y 9 0 .
* Ta c: A 2a 9; a , AD 8 2a; 1 a
x 3y 4 0
et
u.N
a 1
AD 2 40 a 2 6a 5 0
A 1;5 (tm)
a 5
* Phng trnh BD : x 3 y 4 0 v phng trnh BI: 3x 4 y 5 0
x2
B 2; 2 .
3
x
4
y
0
y
* B BI BD
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;5), B(2; 2)
Cu 93. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 2BC. Gi H l hnh chiu ca A
ln ng thng BD. E,F ln lt l trung im on CD v BH. Bit A(1;1), phng trnh ng thng EF
l 3x y 10 = 0 v im E c tung m. Tm ta cc nh B, C, D.
(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT Qunh Lu 1, Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi E,F,G ln lt l trung im cc on thng CD, BH AB. Ta chng minh AF EF .
Ta thy cc t gic ADEG v ADFG ni tip nn t gic ADEF cng ni tip, do AF EF .
ng thng AF c phng trnh: AF: x + 3y 4 = 0.
83
17
3
10
17 1
5
Ta im F l nghim ca h :
F ; AF
5 5
x 3y 4
y 1
F
H
D
Th
De
* AFE
32
5
DCB EF
1
2
AF 2
.
2
5
Mt khc: E t ;3t 10 EF 2
8
51
8
17
t 3t
5
5
5
5
iTh
E 3; 1
t 3
hay 19 7
Suy ra 5t 34t 57 0
t 19
E
;
5 5
5
* Theo gi thit ta c E 3; 1 , phng trnh AE: x + y 2 = 0.
Gi D(x;y), tam gic ADE vung cn ti D nn
et
u.N
x 12 y 12 x 32 y 12
x 1; y 1
AD DE
hay D(1;-1) D(3;1)
x 3; y 1
AD DE
x 1 x 3 y 1 y 1
* V D v F nm v hai pha so vi ng thng AE nn D(1;-1).

Khi : C(5;-1); B(1;5).
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B (1;5), C (5; 1), D(1; 1)
11
;3 l trung im ca cnh AD.
2
Cu 94. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD. im F
ng thng EK c phng trnh 19 x 8 y 18 0 vi E l trung im ca cnh AB, im K thuc cnh

DC v KD = 3KC. Tm ta im C ca hnh vung ABCD bit im E c honh nh hn 3.
(Trch thi th THPT Lng Ngc Quyn, Thi Nguyn, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi AB = a (a > 0) SEFK S ABCD SAEF SFDK SKCBE

S EFK
5a 2
5a 2
SEFK
16
16
25
a 17
1
; EK
a5
FH .EK , FH d ( F , EK )
2
4
2 17
84
ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng 5 EF
5 2
2
F
P
Th
De
x 2
11 2
25
2
x 58 (loai)
5
x ( y 3)
E 2;
* Ta E l nghim:
2
2
17
2
19 x 8 y 18 0
5
y
2
iTh
* AC qua trung im I ca EF v AC EF AC: 7 x y 29 0
et
u.N
10
7 x y 29 0
3 P 10 ; 17
C : AC EK P
3 3
19 8 y 18 0
y 17
9
* Ta xc nh c: IC IP C (3;8)
5
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l C (3;8)
Cu 95. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic nhn ABC. ng thng cha ng trung tuyn k t
nh A v ng thng BC ln lt c phng trnh l 3x 5 y 8 0, x y 4 0 . ng thng qua A
vung gc vi ng thng BC ct ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC ti im th hai l D 4; 2 . Vit
phng trnh cc ng thng AB, AC; bit rng honh ca im B khng ln hn 3.
(Trch thi th THPT Trn Ph, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi M l trung im ca BC, H l trc tm tam gic ABC, K l giao im ca BC v AD, E l giao
im ca BH v AC.
Ta k hiu nd , ud ln lt l vtpt, vtcp ca ng thng d.
Do M l giao im ca AM v BC nn ta ca M l nghim ca h phng trnh:

7
x y 4 0
7 1
2
M ;
2 2
3x 5 y 8 0
y 1
85
* AD vung gc vi BC nn nAD uBC 1;1 , m AD i qua im D suy ra phng trnh
1 x 4 1 y 2 0 AD : x y 2 0 .
Th
De
iTh
Do A l giao im ca AD v AM nn ta im A l nghim ca h phng trnh

3x 5 y 8 0
x 1
A 1;1
x y 2 0
y 1
x y 4 0
x 3
K 3; 1
Ta im K l nghim ca h phng trnh:
x y 2 0 y 1
* T gic HKCE ni tip nn BHK KCE , m KCE BDA (ni tip chn cung AB )
Suy ra BHK BDK , vy K l trung im ca HD nn H 2; 4 .
* Do B thuc BC B t; t 4 , kt hp vi M l trung im BC suy ra C 7 t;3 t .
HB(t 2; t 8); AC (6 t; 2 t ) . Do H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC nn
et
u.N
t 2
HB. AC 0 t 2 6 t t 8 2 t 0 t 2 14 2t 0
t 7
* Do t 3 t 2 B 2; 2 , C 5;1 . Ta c AB 1; 3 , AC 4;0 nAB 3;1 , nAC 0;1
Suy ra AB : 3x y 4 0; AC : y 1 0.
Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l AB : 3x y 4 0; AC : y 1 0.
Cu 96. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A 1;4 , tip tuyn ti A ca ng trn
ngoi tip tam gic ABC ct BC ti D , ng phn gic trong ca ADB c phng trnh x y 2 0 ,
im M 4;1 thuc cnh AC . Vit phng trnh ng thng AB .
(Trch thi th THPT Thanh Chng III, Ngh An, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
* Gi AI l phn gic trong ca BAC
Ta c : AID ABC BAI
IAD CAD CAI

M BAI CAI , ABC CAD nn AID IAD
86
DAI cn ti D DE AI
A
E
De
M'
K
M
C
Th
* Phng trnh ng thng AI l : x y 5 0
* Gi M l im i xng ca M qua AI
Gi K AI MM ' K(0;5)
Phng trnh ng thng MM :
x y5 0
M(4;9)
* Veco ch phng ca ng thng AB l AM ' 3;5
Vecto php tuyn ca ng thng AB l
iTh
n 5; 3
Vy phng trnh ng thng AB l: 5 x 1 3 y 4 0 5 x 3 y 7 0
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l 5 x 3 y 7 0
et
u.N
Cu 97. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC nhn c nh A(1; 4) , trc tm H . ng
thng AH ct cnh BC ti M , ng thng CH ct cnh AB ti N . Tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
HMN l I (2; 0) , ng thng BC i qua im P (1; 2) . Tm to cc nh B, C ca tam gic bit nh
B thuc ng thng d : x 2 y 2 0 .
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Minh Chu, Hng Yn, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
87
* Ta thy t gic BMHN ni tip suy ra I l trung im ca BH;
Ta c: B d B(2 2t ; t )
* Suy ra H (2 2t; t ) AH (3 2t; t 4), BP (2t 1; t 2)
Do H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC
AH .BP 0 (2t 3)(2t 1) (t 4)(t 2) 0 5t 2 10t 5 0 t 1
De
* Suy ra H (0;1), B(4; 1), AH (1; 3) ,ng thng BC : x 3 y 7 0

* ng thng AC : 2 x y 6 0 . Tm c to C ( 5; 4)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(4; 1), C (5; 4)
4 3
;3 thuc
Cu 98. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic u ABC c A(4; 1) , im M 4
3
Th
cung BC khng cha im A ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC, bit MC
4 3
v ta im B l
3
cc s nguyn. Tm ta cc nh B, C ca tam gic ABC.

Hng dn gii :
* Chng minh MA = MB + MC:
Trn on AM ly im I sao cho MB = MI (1).
V BCA BMA 600 nn tam gic MBI u suy ra MB = BI
iTh
0
Mt khc, ABI IBC MBC IBC 60 ABI MBC
Li c, BA = BC suy BIA BMC (c g c) suy ra MC = AI (2).

T (1), (2) suy ra MB + MC = MI + AI = MA.
et
u.N
* T MA
8 3
MA 2MC MB MC MB MC , li c AB = AC
3
Suy ra MA l ng trung trc ca on thng BC nn MA l ng kinh ca ng trn

ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Hai cnh AB v AC nm trn cc ng thng qua A v to vi AM mt gc 30
.
88
Phng trnh AB, AC c dng: a( x 4) b( y 1) 0 (a b 0)

2
4 3
3
; 4 nAM 1; l vecto php tuyn ca ng thng AM.
3
Vi AM
* Gi
l gc to bi AB, AC vi AM ta c 300
a.1 b.
De
Nn cos
3
3
a 2 b2 1
1
3
b 0, a 1
3
b2 3ab 0
2
b 3, a 1
Suy ra : x 4 0 hay ' : x 3 y 4 3 0
* V AM l mt ng kinh nn gc MBA MCA 900 , phn trnh cc ng thng MB, MC
Th
qua M v vung gc vi , ' ln lt l y 3 0, 3x y 7 4 3 0

Ta B, C l nghim ca cc h phng trnh:
x 4 0 x 4
B(4;3)
y 3 0 y 3
x 3 y 4 3 0
x 4 2 3
C (4 2 3;1)
3x y 7 4 3 0 y 1
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(4;3), C (4 2 3;1)
iTh
Cu 99. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c din tch bng 40, ng thng AD tip xc
19 18
; nm trn ng thng AB, ng thng AC c
5 5
2
2
vi ng trn (S ) : ( x 4) ( y 1) 2 , im J
phng trnh x 3 y 1 0 . Tm ta cc im A, D bit D c honh nh hn 5.

(Trch thi th THPT Lam Sn, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Gi I l im i xng vi J qua ng thng AC, I thuc AD.
19
18
a 5 b 5
Gi s I(a; b) th trung im ca IJ l H
;
5
2
89
H AC
a 5
I (5;0)
JI .u AC 0 b 0
I, J i xng vi nhau qua AC
* Ta c I thuc (S) nn ng thng AD chnh l tip tuyn ca (S) ti I.

Phng trnh AD: x y 5 0 A(8;3)
* Gi E l tm ca hnh thoi v EAD l gc gia AC v AD
Suy
ra
De
2
cos
cot 2 S ABCD 40 DE.EA 20 DE.DE cot 20 DE 2 10
5
2
| d 3(d 5) 1|
10
10
* Gi s D (d ; d 5) Ta c: DE 2 10 d (D; AC ) 2 10
Suy ra d = 3 < 5 (nhn) hay d = 13 > 5 (loi). Vy D(3; -2)

Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(8;3), D(3; 2)
Th
Cu 100. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, im M (5; 7) nm trn cnh BC. ng
trn ng kinh AM ct BC ti B, ct BD ti N (6; 2) , nh C thuc ng thng d : 2 x y 7 0 . Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD, bit honh nh C nguyn v honh nh A b hn 2.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Thun Thnh, Bc Ninh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi I l tm ng trn ng kinh AM th I l trung im AM.
D thy MIN sd MN 2MBN 90
im C thuc ng thng d suy ra C(c; 2c 7).
o
et
u.N
iTh
11 9
;
2 2
* Gi H l trung im ca MN suy ra H
Phng trnh ng thng trung trc ca MN i qua H v vung gc vi MN l:

: x 5 y 17 0, I I (5a 17; a)
MN 26
. Tam gic MIN vung cn ti I
* Ta c:
2
IM
29
6
a
a 5 I (8;5) A(11;9) (ktm)

Nn IM 13 26a 2 234a 520 0
a 4 I (3; 4) A(1;1) (tm)
90
c 1
11 c
; c 3 EN
;5 c
2
* Gi E l tm hnh vung nn E
V AC vung gc BD nn
De
c7
11 c
2
AC.EN 0 (c 1)
(2c 8)(5 c) 0 5c 48c 91 0 13
c
2
5
Suy ra C(7; 7) suy ra E(4;4)

Phng trnh BD: x + y 8 = 0 v BC: x 7 = 0 suy ra B(7; 1) suy ra D(1; 7).
Cu 101. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD v im E thuc cnh BC. Mt ng thng
qua A vung gc vi AE ct CD ti F. ng thng cha ng trung tuyn AM ca tam gic AEF ct CD
ti K. Tm ta im D bit A(6; 6), M (4; 2), K (3; 0) .
(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT Chuyn i Hc S Phm, H Ni, nm 2015)
iTh
Th
Hng dn gii :
* TH1: E(-8; 0), F(0; 4)
et
u.N
* Ta c hai tam gic vung ABE bng ADF v AB = AD v gc BAE = gc DAF (cng ph vi gc
DAE). Suy ra tam gic AEF vung cn v mE = MA = MF suy ra AM vung gc EF.
Mt khc EF i qua M c phng trnh: 2(x + 4) 4(y 2) = 0 nn EF: x 2y + 8 = 0
* By gi ta tm ta cc im E, F tha mn ME = MA = MF
Gi T(x; y) thuc ng thng EF suy ra T(2t 8; t)
t 0
Khi MT = MA (2t 4) 2 (t 2) 2 20
t 4
Nh vy c hai im T tha yu cu bi ton. ( cng chnh l hai im E v F).
x 3t
(t R) D(3t; 4 4t )
Do F thuc ng thng CD, nn CD c dng tham s:
y 4 4t
Ta c: AD KF KF . AD 0 3(3 t 6) 4(2 4 t) 0 t
* TH2: F(-8; 0), E(0; 4)
2
6 12
D ;
5
5 5
x 8 5t
(t R) D(8 5 t;0)
Do F thuc ng thng CD, nn CD c dng tham s:
y0
91
Ta c: AD KF KF . AD 0 5(2 5 t) 0 t
2
D 6; 0
5
6 12
; hay D(6;0)
5 5
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l D
De
Cu 102. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD c y ln CD v AB (CD = 3AB = 3 10 ),
ta C (3; 3) , trung im ca AD l M (3;1) . Tm ta nh B bit din tch tam gic BCD bng 18
v D c honh nguyn dng.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Chuyn L Hng Phong, Tp H Ch Minh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
* Gi n (a; b) l vecto php tuyn ca CD (a b 0)
Suy ra CD: a(x + 3) + b(y + 3) = 0
2
2S ACD 6 10
CD
5
et
u.N
* Ta c: S BCD S ACD 18 d ( A; CD)
3 10
5 | 6a 4b | 3 10 a 2 b 2
5
b 3a
* Suy ra 81a 2 120ab 31b 2 0
27a 31b
Suy ra d ( M ; CD)
* Vi b = - 3a, chn a = 1 suy ra b = -3.

Khi (CD): x 3y 6 = 0 suy ra D(3d + 6; d)
d 0
D(6;0) (tm)
Ta c: CD 2 90 (3d 9) 2 (d 3) 2 90
d 6 D(12; 6) (ktm)
Vy D(6; 0) suy ra A(0; 2). Ta c: AB
1
DC B (3;1)
3
* Vi 31b = - 27a, chn a = 31 suy ra b = -27.
Khi (CD): 31x 27y +12 = 0 suy ra D d ;
31d 12
27
729
31d 93
2
2
Ta c: CD 90
( ktm)
(d 3) 90 (d 3)
169
27
2
92
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(3;1)
Cu 103. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A v D, din tch hnh thang bng
6; CD = 2AB v B(0; 4). Bit im I (3; 1), K (2; 2) ln lt nm trn ng thng AD v DC. Vit phng
trnh ng thng AD bit AD khng song song vi cc trc ta .
De
Hng dn gii :
* V AD khng song song cc trc ta nn gi vecto php tuyn ca AD l:
AD :1(x 3) b(y 1) 0
n (1; b) (b 0)
AB : bx (y 4) 0
* S ABCD AD
AB CD 3 AB
3
AD d ( B; AD )d ( K ; AB )
2
2
2
Suy ra S ABCD
3 | 3 5b | | 2b 2 |
.
2 b2 1 b2 1
Th
b 1
3 | 3 5b | | 2b 2 |
5
6
.
6 b
2 b2 1
3
b2 1
1 2 2
b
7
* S ABCD
iTh
x y20
3x 5 y 14 0
Vy phng trnh ng thng tha yu cu bi ton l:

7 x (1 2 2) y 2 2 22 0
7 x (1 2 2) y 2 2 22 0
Cu 104. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (C) c tm I (1; 2) v c trc
tm H thuc ng thng d : x 4 y 5 0 . Bit ng thng AB c phng trnh 2 x y 14 0 v
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
khong cch t C n AB bng 3 5 . Tm ta im C, bit honh im C nh hn 2.

(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn L Khit, Qung Ngi, nm 2015)
93
Th
De
* Do H thuc d nn H(4t + 5; t). Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC
4t 7 t 4
;
3
3
Ta c: IH 3IG G
iTh
t 1
| 3t 8 |
* Mt khc, ta c: d (C; AB) 3(G; AB) 3 5 3.
13
t
5
3
* Gi M l trung im AB, suy ra ta M l hnh chiu ca I trn AB nn M(5; 4)
11 5
; T MC 3MG C (1; 3)
5 3
* Vi t = 1 ta c G
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l C (1; 3)
Cu 105. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c ACD vi cos 1 , im H
5
et
u.N
1 4
, K (1;0) v
3 3
tha mn iu kin HB HC , K l giao im ca hai ng thng AH v BD. Cho H ;
im B c honh dng. Tm ta cc im A, B.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Chuyn i Hc Vinh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
94
Th
De
* Do tam gic KAD ng dng tam gic KHB suy ra
Do K thuc on AC suy ra KA
KA AB BC 3
3KH
KA
KH HB BH 2
2
3
KH A(2; 2)
2
* t B(a; b) vi a > 0. Ta c:
cos cos ACD cos ABD
iTh
AB
AB
2 AB
1
5
BD
5
KB 5 KB
2
4 AB 2 5 KB 2 4 (a 2) 2 (b 2) 2 5 ( a 1) 2 b 2
Suy ra a b 6a 16b 27 0 (1)

2
AB 5 5
7 1
* ng trn (C) ng kinh AH c tm I ; , R

2
6
6 3
2
et
u.N
7
1 125
Nn c phng trnh l (C ) : x y
6
3
36
* Do gc ABC bng 90 nn B thuc ng trn (C) suy ra:

2
7
1 125
(C ) : a b
(2)
6
3
36
a 3
5
(do a > 0 nn B(3; 0)
Gii (1) v (2) ta c:
hay
8
b
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2; 2) , B(3; 0)
Cu 106. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c nh D ( 7; 0) . Mt im P nm
trong hnh bnh hnh sao cho PAB PCB . Phng trnh d1 : x y 2 0, d2 : 2 x y 1 0 ln lt
cha cc on thng PB, PC. Tm ta nh A, bit rng nh A thuc ng thng y 3x v A c honh
nguyn.
(Trch thi th ln 1, Website Tilado.edu.vn, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
95
Th
De
iTh
* Dng hnh bnh hnh ABEP. Ta thy t gic PECD cng l hnh bnh hnh (do AB //= CD //= PE)
PAB PEB
PEB PCB suy ra t gic PBEC ni tip
V
PAB PCB
Suy ra PCE PBE 1800 .
PCE DPC ( so letrong )
DPC APB 1800
M
PBE APB ( so letrong )
Suy ra APD BPC 1800 (do tng 4 gc ti nh P bng 360 )
* Do P l giao im PB v PC suy ra P(1; 1) suy ra PD: x 8y + 7 = 0
1
k k ; k PD
Gi h s gc ca cc ng thng i qua PA l k. Ta thy PA
8
1,
k
2
PC
PB
et
u.N
1
k 5
8 1 2
Suy ra
k
k 23
1 2
1
11
8
k
5 x y 4
A(2;6)
* Vi k = 5, PA: y = 5x 4 suy ra A:
3 x y 0
* Vi k
23
PA : 23x 11y 34 0
11
782 253
A
;
(l )
113 113
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2; 6)
Cu 107. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD. im N (1; 2) tha mn 2 NB NC 0 v
im M (3; 6) thuc ng thng cha cnh AD. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca nh A xung ng
thng DN. Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD bit khong cch t im H n cnh CD bng
12 2
v nh A c honh l mt s nguyn ln hn -2.
13
(Trch thi th THPT Ph C, Hng Yn, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
96
De
* Gi E l hnh chiu vung gc ca H trn CD suy ra HE
12 2
13
2
3
Gi s cnh hnh vung bng a (a > 0). Ta c: 2 NB NC 0 CN CB
Th
Nn N nm gia B v C sao cho CN
a 13
2
2
2CB 2a
v DN CD CN
3
3
3
* Ta c: ADH ng dng DNC ( g g ) suy ra AD DH 3a 3 DH 2a

DN
NC
a 13
13
13
DHE ng dng DNC ( g g ) suy ra HE DH 6 NC 2 2

DN
13
2a
2 2 a3 2
3
iTh
Do :
NC
2
2
* Gi s vecto php tuyn ca AD l n (a; b) (a b 0)
Phng trnh AD: ax + by 3a 6b = 0

Suy ra d ( N ; AD) 3 2
| 2a 8b |
a b
2
a b
3 2 7a 2 16ab 23b 2 0
7a 23b
* TH1: a = -b suy ra AD: x y + 3 = 0
NP AD NP : x y 1 0 P AD NP P (2;1)
et
u.N
AP BN 2 AP 2 2
m 1 (tm)
A(1; 2) (m > - 2)
3
(ktm)
A
(
m
;
m
3)
A
AD
Khi PD 2 AP D(4; 1) . T tm c B(2; -1) v C(-1; -4)
* TH2: 7a = 23b suy ra AD: 23x + 7y - 111 = 0
86 13
NP AD NP : 7 x 23 y 53 0 P AD NP P ;
17 17
93
m
k (tm)
AP 2 2
AP BN 2
17
(m > - 2)
111 23m
79
A
(
m
;
)
A
AD
m (ktm)
17
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 2), B(2; 1), C (1; 4), D(4; 1)
Cu 108. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trung im cnh BC l M (3; 1) , ng thng
cha ng cao k t B i qua im E (1; 3) v ng thng cha AC i qua im F (1;3) . im i
xng ca nh A qua tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l im D (4; 2) . Tm ta ca cc nh
tam gic ABC.
97
(Trch thi th s 1, Website: mathvn.com, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
et
u.N
iTh
* Gi H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC th khi BHCD l hnh bnh hnh, nn M la trung im HD
Suy H(2; 0). BH cha E(-1; -3) nn BH: x y 2 = 0
* Do CD // BH v D(4; -2) thuc CD nn CD: x y 6 = 0
BH vung gc AC v F(1; 3) thuc AC nn AC: x + y 4 = 0
* Do C l giao im AC v CD nn ta C l nghim ca h:
x y 6 0
C (5; 1)
x y 4 0
M(3; - 1) l trung im BC nn B(1; -1)
* Do H l trc tm tam gic ABC nn AH vung gc BC suy ra AH: x 2 = 0
Do A l giao im AH v AC nn ta A l nghim ca h:
x2 0
A(2; 2)
x y 4 0
Cu 109. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm I (3;5) v ngoi tip
ng trn tm K (1; 4) . ng trn tip xc vi cnh BC v cc cnh AB, AC ko di (ng trn bng
tip cnh BC) c tm l F (11;14) . Vit phng trnh ng thng BC v ng cao qua nh A ca tam gic
ABC.
(Trch thi th s 2, Website: mathvn.com, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
98
Th
De
* Ta c giao im ca ng phn gic trong gc A vi ng phn gic ngoi ca cc gc B v C, suy
ra CF CK , BF BK , do t gic BKCF ni tip ng trn ng kinh FK.
* Gi D l giao im ca AK vi ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Ta c:
DKC
iTh
BAC ACB
DCK suy ra tam gic DCK cn ti D, do DK = DC = DB nn D

2
2
l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic BKC hay D l tm ng trn ngoi tip t gic BKCF.
Do vy D l trung im FK suy ra D(6; 9)
* Ta tnh c ID = 5, phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l:
(C) : ( x 3)2 ( y 5)2 25 .
DK 50 , phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip t gic BKCF l:
(S) : ( x 6)2 ( y 9)2 50

B(1;8), C (7; 2)
et
u.N
( x 3)2 ( y 5)2 25
Ta B, C l nghim ca h:
2
2
( x 6) ( y 9) 50
Vy phng trnh ng BC l: 3x + 4y 29 = 0
* Phng trnh FK: x y + 3 = 0.
Khi A, D l giao im ca FK v (C) suy ra A(-1; 2).
Do phng trnh ng cao AH l 4x 3y + 10 = 0.
Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l BC : 3 x 4 y 29 0, AH : 4 x 3 y 10 0
Cu 110. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c ng phn gic trong gc ABC i
qua trung im ca cnh AD, ng thng BM c phng trnh x y 2 0 , im D nm trn ng thng
c phng trnh x y 9 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD bit im B c honh

m v ng thng AB i qua E (1; 2)
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT L Thi T, Bc Ninh, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
99
De
* K ng thng i qua E vung gc BM ti H v ct AC ti E suy ra H l trung im EE.
1 3
;
2 2
Phng trnh EH l x + y 1 = 0. H l giao im EH v BM suy ra H
Th
V H l trung im EE suy ra E(0;1)
BE (1 b; b)
* Gi s B(b; b + 2) thuc BM ( b < 0) suy ra
BE ' (b; 1 b)
M BE vung gc BE suy ra 2b(1 + b) = 0 suy ra b = - 1 suy ra B(-1 ;1)
* Phng trnh cnh AB: x + 1 = 0
Gi s A(-1;a) thuc AB v D(d; 9 d) thuc
d 1 9 a d
;
2
2
iTh
Do M l trung im AB suy ra M
* Mt khc M thuc BM suy ra a + 2d 6 = 0 (1)
AD (d 1;9 d a)
. Do AB vung AD nn ta c a d + 9 = 0 (2)
Ta c:
AB (0;1 a)
T (1) v (2) ta c a = 4, d = 5 suy ra A(-1; 4), D(5; 4)
Do AB DC C (5;1)
et
u.N
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 4), B(1;1), C (5;1), D (5; 4)
Cu 111. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh BC : x y 4 0 , cc ta
im H (2;0), I (3;0) ln lt l trc tm v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic. Lp phng trnh ng
AB bit im B c honh khng ln hn 3.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Nguyn Vn Tri, H Tnh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
a 2 6 2a
a
8
* Gi G(a; b) l trng tm tam gic ta c: HG 2GI
3 G ;0
3
b 2b
b 0
Like fanpage ca chng ti cp nht nhiu thi th hn qua Facebook : http://fb.com/dethithu.net 100
De
* Gi M l trung im BC th MI vung gc BC nn phng trnh ng thng MI l
Th
MI : x y 3 0
* Mt khc M l giao im MI v BC nn ta M tha h:
x y 4 0
7 1
M ;
2 2
x y 3 0
* Li c AG 2GM A(1;1) . Do R IA 5 l bn kinh ng trn ngoi tip.

Gi B(m; m 4) thuc BC (trong m 3 ).
Ta c: BI 5 (m 3) (m 4) 5 m 2 hay m 5 (So iu kin ta nhn m = 2)

2
iTh
Vy AB: 3x + y 4 = 0
Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l AB : 3 x y 4 0
Cu 112. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c D(6; 6) . ng trung trc ca
on CD c phng trnh d1 : 2 x 3 y 17 0 v ng phn gic trong ca gc BAC c phg trnh
d2 : 5x y 3 0 . Xc nh ta cc nh cn li ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD.

Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Yn Lc 2, Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
* Gi l trung im ca CD, do I thuc ng thng d1 suy ra I a;
2a 17
Nn DI a 6;
1 2a
, ng thng d1 c vecto ch phng l u1 (3;2)
3
Ta c DI .u1 0 a 2 I (4; 3) C (2; 0)

* Gi C l im i xng vi C qua d 2 . Ta c phng trnh CC: x 5y + 2 = 0.
De
Gi J l trung im CC. Ta J l nghim ca h

3x 2 y 7 0
A 1; 2
5x y 3 0
* Do ABCD l hnh bnh hnh nn ta c: AB DC B (5; 4)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 2), B(5; 4), C ( 2; 0)
Cu 113. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c im A(2;1) , im C (6;7), M (3; 2)
l im thuc min trong hnh bnh hnh. Vit phng trnh cnh AD bit khong cch t M n CD bng 5
ln khong cch t M n AB v nh D thuc ng thng : x y 11 0.
Th
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT L Qu n, Hi Phng, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
et
u.N
* Ko di AM ct CD ti N, gi E, H ln lt l hnh chiu ca M ln AB, CD

Theo gi thit HM = 5ME.
* Do ABCD l hnh bnh hnh nn AB // CD
MN HM
5 MN 5MA
MA EM
* Li c M nm gia A v N v MN 5MA MN 5MA N (8; 7)
* ng thng CD i qua hai im C(6; 7) v N(8;7) nn CD: y 7 = 0

nh D l giao im ca CD v : x y 11 0. nn ta D l nghim ca h:
y 7 0
D 4;7
x y 11 0
AD i qua A, D nn AD: 3x y 5 = 0 (kim tra thy im M thuc min trong hnh bnh hnh).
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l AD : 3 x y 5 0
7 3
2 2
Cu 114. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c tm O ; , im M (6; 6) thuc cnh
AB v N (8; 2) thuc cnh BC. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT S 3 Bo Thng, Lo Cai, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
De
Th
* Gi G l im i xng ca M qua O suy ra G(1; -3) thuc CD

I l im i xng ca N qua O suy ra I(-1; 5) thuc AD
Phng trnh MI qua M nhn MO lm vecto ch phng c dng l: 9x 5y 24 = 0.
Suy ra phng trnh NE qua N v vung gc MI l: 5x + 9y 22 = 0.
163 39
;
53 53
Gi E l hnh chiu ca N trn MG suy ra E l giao im NE v MG E
NJ MG
(k 0; k R ) suy ra J(-1; 3)
NE k NJ
iTh
* Li c: NE MG
Do AD: x + 1 = 0 nn OK
9
. V AK = OK nn K, O, D cng thuc ng trn tm K ng
2
kinh OK c phng trnh l:
3 81
( x 1) y
2
4
et
u.N
3 81
2
x 1; y 6
( x 1) y
* Vy ta A v D l nghim ca h:
2
4
x 1; y 3
x 1 0
Suy ra A(-1;6), D(-1; -3) suy ra C(8;-3), B(8;6)

Vi D(-1;6), A(-1;-3) loi do M thuc CD.
Cu 115. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c A(2;0) , C nm trn ng thng c
phng trnh x y 3 0 , ng thng MN, vi M l trung im cnh BC, N l im nm trn cnh AD sao
cho AN = 2ND, c phng trnh 7 x 5 y 6 0. Tm ta cc nh B, C, D.
(Trch thi th S 3, Website: mathvn.com , nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi I l giao im gia AC v MN.
Do tam gic AIN ng dng tam gic CIM nn ta c:
2 AD
AI
AN
4
4
3 AI
CI
AD
CI CM
3
3
2
Th
De
6 4c 12 4c
;
7
7
* Do C thuc ng thng x + y 3 = 0 nn C(c; 3 c). Suy ra: I
Mt khc I thuc 7x 5y 6 = 0 nn c = 3 suy ra C(3; 0)
1
2
* Gi J l trung im AC suy ra J ;0 .
2
iTh
1
25
Phng trnh ng trn ng kinh AC l: x y 2

2
4
Phng trnh ng thng BD (trung trc ca on AC) l 2x 1 = 0

* Ta B, D l nghim ca h phng trnh:
1
5
2
1
25
x ;y
x y
2
2
2
4
x 1 ; y 5
2x 1 0
2
2
1 5
2 2
1 5
2 2
et
u.N
Kt hp vi iu kin M l trung im BC nn ta nhn: B ; , D ;
1 5
2 2
1 5
2 2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B ; , C (3;0), D ;
Cu 116. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng phn gic trong gc A c phng trnh
d : x y 2 0 v ng cao h t B c phng trnh d ' : 4 x 3 y 1 0 . Bit hnh chiu ca C ln AB l
im H (1; 1) . Tm toa cc nh A, B, C.
(Trch thi th THPT L Xoay, Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi K l im i xng vi H qua ng phn gic trong gc A. Khi K thuc ng thng AC.
ng thng HK c phng trnh: x + y + 2 = 0.
De
Th
Gi I l giao im ca HK v ng phn gic trong gc A th ta I l nghim ca h:

x y 2 0
I 2;0 . Do I l trung im HK nn suy ra K(-3; 1).
x y 2 0
* Khi AC qua K v vung gc vi d suy ra AC:
3( x 3) 4( y 1) 0 3 x 4 y 13 0
x y20
A 5;7
A c ta tha h
3x 4 y 13 0
x 1 y 1
4x 3y 1 0
6
8
iTh
* AB c phng trnh
4 x 3 y 1 0
1
B 0;
3
4 x 3 y 1 0
B c ta tha h
* HC c phng trnh 3( x 1) 4( y 1) 0 3x 4 y 7 0
3x 4 y 7 0
10 3
C
;
3
x
4
y
13
0
3
4
C c ta tha h
1
3
10 3
;
3 4
et
u.N
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A 5;7 , B 0; , C
Cu 117. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti B ni tip ng trn (C) c phng
trnh x y 10 y 25 0 . I l tm ng trn (C), ng thng BI ct ng trn (C) ti M(5; 0). ng
2
17 6
; . Tm ta A, B, C bit honh im A dng.
5 5
cao k t C ct ng trn (C) ti N
(Trch thi th THPT Nguyn Th Minh Khai, H Tnh, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
* Ta c I(0; 5). Do I l trung im BM suy ra B(-5; 10).
Ta c: ABM ACN (cng ph vi BAC ) nn A l trung im cung MN.
* IA vung gc MN nn AI c phng trnh l 7x + y 5 = 0
7x y 5 0
Khi ta A l nghim ca h: 2
2
x y 10 y 25 0
y 5 7 x
x 1 (tm)
2
x2 1
2
x 1 (ktm)
x ( y 5) 50
Th
De
iTh
* ng thng BI: x + y 5 = 0. Do tam gic ABC cn ti B nn C i xng vi A qua BI

AC vung gc BI nn AC: x y 3 = 0.
* Gi H l giao im ca BI v AC suy ra ta H l nghim ca h:
x y 3 0
H 4;1
x y 5 0
Do H l trung im AC nn C(7;4)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 2), B(5;10), C (7; 4)
Cu 118. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c hai im M, N ln lt l trung im ca
22 11
; , gi H l trung im DI, bit ng thng AH ct CD ti
5 5
AB v BC, bit CM ct DN ti I
et
u.N
7
P ;1 . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD bit honh A nh hn 4.
2
(Trch thi th THPT Nghn, H Tnh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
* Ta c tam gic MBC bng tam gic NCD do MC DN .
V AH DN nn AMCP l hnh bnh hnh v P l trung im CD v gc AIP 900
ng thng AI vung gc PI qua I nn c dng: 3x + 4y 22 = 0.
* Gi A(2 4a; 4 3a) IA 4a
12
9
;3a
5
5
Nu a =
iTh
a0
2
2
12
9
Li c: AI 2 PI 4a 3a 9
a 6
5
5
* Nu a = 0 th A(2; 4)
34 2
6
th A ; (loi)
5
5 5
ng thng AP: 2x + y 8 = 0, DN vung gc AP v i qua I nn: AI: x 2y = 0.
16 8
; D(2;1) C (5;1) B(5; 4)
5 5
Ta c DN AP H
et
u.N
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2; 4), B(5; 4), C (5;1), D(2;1)
Cu 119. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (C) c phng trnh
7
5
1 325
. ng phn gic trong gc BAC ct (C) ti im E 0; . Xc nh ta

(C ) : x y
2
4
16
2
cc nh ca tam gic ABC, bit ng thng BC i qua im N (5; 2) , ng thng AB i qua im

2
P(3; 2)
(Trch thi th s 2, Website: dethithudaihoc.com , nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
5 1
2 4
5 15
vung gc BC. Suy ra EI ; l mt vecto php tuyn ca ng thng BC.
2 4
* Tm ca (C) l I ; . V AE l phn gic gc BAC nn E l im nm chnh gia cung BC hai IE
Suy ra phng trnh BC: 2x + 3y + 4 = 0.

2
2
5
1 325
x 2; y 0
x y
2
4
16
* Khi ta B v C l nghim ca h:
x 4; y 4
2x 3 y 4 0
* TH1: B(-2; 0), C(4; -4). Ta c AB: 2x y + 4 = 0.
De
2
2
5
1 325
x 2; y 0
x y
2
4
16
Khi ta A, B l nghim cua h:

x 0; y 4
2x y 4 0
Do B(-2; 0) nn A(0; 4)
* TH2: C(-2; 0), B(4; -4). Ta c AB: 2x + 7y + 20 = 0.
Th
2
2
5
1 325
x 4; y 4
x

2
4
16
Khi ta A, B l nghim cua h:

x 54 ; y 136
53
53
2 x y 20 0
54 136
;
(khng ta AE l phn gic trong nn loi)
53 53
Do B(4; - 4) nn ta c A
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
Cu 120. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho gi H 3; 2 , I 8;11 , K 4; 1 ln lt l trc tm ca ng

trn ngoi tip, chn ng cao v t A ca tam gic ABC. Tm ta cc im A, B, C.
(Trch thi th S GD&T H Ch Minh , nm 2015)
* HK (1;1) HK : x y 5 0, BC : x y 3 0
Gi M l trung im ca BC suy ra IM BC IM : x y 3 0
x y 3 0
M 0;3
Khi ta M l nghim ca h:
x y 3 0
* Ta c: HA 2MI (16;16) A(19;14)
BH (3 b; b 5)
Gi B(b;3 b) BC C (b; b 3)
CA (19 b;11 b)
* Ta c: BH AC BH .CA 0 (3 b)(19 b) (b 5)(11 b) 0 b 1
* Vi b = 1, ta c B(1; 2), C(-1; 4)
Vi b = -1, ta c: B(-1; 4), C(1; 2).
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(19;14), B(1; 2), C (1; 4) hay A(19;14), B(1; 4), C (1; 2)
De
2 2
3 3
Cu 121. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G ; , tm ng trn ngoi
tip I (1; 2) , im E (10; 6) thuc ng thng cha trung tuyn k t A v im F (9; 1) thuc ng
thng BC. Tm ta cc im A, B, C bit B c tung b hn 2.
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
IM (7 m 2; 4 m 4)
Ta c:
FM (7 m 6; 4 m 3)
* V IM vung gc FM nn ta c:
et
u.N
* Gi M l trung im BC. Phng trnh GE hay AM l: 4x 7y = 0.

M AM M (3 7m; 2 4m) .
IM FM IM .FM 0 (7 m 2)(7 m 6) (4 m 4)(4 m 3) 0 m 0 M (3; 2)
* Gi s A AM A(3 7a; 2 4a) .

GA 2GM a 1 A(4; 2)
Suy ra phng trnh BC: x + 2y 7 = 0. Nn B(2b 7; b) BC (b 2)
b 1 (tm)
* V IB = IA nn (2b 6) 2 (b 2) 2 25
b 3 (ktm)
Suy ra B(5;1) nn C(1;3) v M l trung im BC.
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(4; 2), B(5;1), C (1;3)
Cu 122. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A(0; 4), I(3; 0) l trung im cnh BC.
im D(6; 0) thuc on IC. Tm ta E, F ln lt l tm ng trn ngoi tip cc tam gic ABD v
ACD.
(Trch thi th ln 4, THPT Chuyn i Hc S Phm H Ni, nm 2015)
Th
De
Hng dn gii :
* Trong tam gic ABC, I l trung im ca cnh huyn BC nn cc tam gic IAB v IAC cn ti I.
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB v AC.
Ta c IM v EM vung gc vi AB nn ba im I, E, M thng hng.
Tng t, ba im I, N, F thng hng. Do MN ct AD ti K l trung im ca AD.
* Hai ng trn (E) v (F) c dy cung chung AD nn EF l trung trc ca AD
Nh vy, E, F l giao im ca ng trung trc on AD vi IM v IN.
* ng thng ID: y = 0. Gi B(b; 0), C(c; 0)
Ta c IB = IA = IC nn b, c l nghim ca phng trnh
x 8
( x 3) 2 9 16 25
. mt khc, ID, IC cng chiu nn ta nhn B(-2; 0), C(8; 0)
x
Suy ra M(-1; 2), N(4; 2)

* ng thng IM: x + 2y 3 = 0, ng thng IN: 2x y 6 = 0
Ta c K(3;2) suy ra ng trung trc on AD: 3x 2y 5 = 0
3x 2 y 5 0
1
E 2;
2
x 2y 3 0
Ta E l nghim ca h
iTh
3x 2 y 5 0
F 7;8
Ta F l nghim ca h
x 2y 6 0
1
2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l E 2; , F (7;8)
et
u.N
Cu 123. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, ng trn ng kinh AM ct cnh BC ti
hai im B, M (5; 7) v ct ng cho BD ti N (6; 2) , nh C thuc ng thng d : 2 x y 7 0 . Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD, bit honh nh C nguyn v honh A b hn 2.

(Trch thi th s 6, Din n k2pi.net , nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
De
* T gi thuyt ta d dng c c tam gic ANM vung ti N
Th
Mt khc ta c: AMN ABN (gc ni tip chn cung AN )
M ABN 450 AMN 450

Vy tam gic AMN vung cn ti N.
* Gi A(a; b) . Ta c: NM (1;5), NA (a 6; b 2) .
NA NM
NA.NM 0
2
Do tam gic AMN vung cn ti N nn ta c:
2
NA NM
NA NM
iTh
a 1
(1)(a 6) 5(b 2) 0 b 1
2
2
a 11 Do A c honh b hn 2 nn ta nhn A(1; 1)
(a 6) (b 2) 26
b 3
Li c: BD l trung trc ca AC, BD qua N nn ta c NA = NC
* Kt hp vi NA = NM nn ta c: NA = NM = NC. Suy ra N l tm ng trn ngi tip tam gic
AMC.
et
u.N
Gi (C) l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AMC tm N(6;2) v bn kinh R NA 26
Do (C ) : ( x 6) ( y 2) 26 . Mt khc C thuc ng thng nn ta C tha

2
h:
x 7
y 7
2x y 7 0
x 9 . Do honh C nguyn nn ta nhn C(7; 7)
2
2
( x 6) ( y 2) 26
5

13
y
5
Gi I l tm hnh vung suy ra I(4; 4).

* Do BD qua I v vung gc AC nn ta c: BD: x + y 8 = 0.
Mt khc BC i qua M v C nn c phng trnh: BC: y 7 = 0.
B l giao im ca BD v BC suy ra B(1; 7) suy ra D(7;1) (do I l trung im BD
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;1), B(1; 7), C (7; 7), D(7;1)
Bnh lun : trong qu trnh gii, nu ngi gii khng pht hin N l tm ng trn ngoi tip AMC,
th c th tham s ta im C v s dng gc hp bi MC v AC l 45 .
Tuy nhin vi cch lm ny, hc sinh phi gii phng trnh bc 4, v phng din ch quan th
bi ton c th khng cho C chy trn ng thng cho trc, nhng kh i phi gii phng trnh, h
phng trnh c th kh rc ri, khng kh thi trong lc lm bi thi nn tc gi a thm gi thit C
thuc ng thng vo trong .
Cng cn phi lu nu ngi gii khng tm B v D theo nh li gii trn m s dng cc tch v
hng th cn kim tra li hnh v v s c mt nghim hnh khng tha bi.
De
Cu 124. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c x y 5 0 l phng trnh ng cho
AC. Trn tia i ca tia CB ly im M v trn tia i ca tia DC ly im N sao cho DN = BM. ng
thng song song vi AN k t M v ng thng song song vi AM k t N ct nhau F (0; 3) . Xc nh
ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD, bit im M nm trn trc honh.
Hng dn gii :
* Gi cnh hnh vung ABCD l a. (a > 0).
Tam gic ABM vung ti B c: AM (CM a) a , V ND = BM = a + CM.
2
Th
2
2
2
ADN vung ti D c: AN (CM a) a
NCM C , ta c: MN 2 AM 2 AN 2 NAM vung cn ti A nn ANFM l hnh vung.
* T gic AFMC c gc ACM 180 ACB 135 , v gc AFM 450 , nn ni tip trong ng
trn ng kinh AF suy ra FC vung gc AC.
Do ta C l nghim ca h:
x y 5 0
x 4
D(4;1)
x y 2 0
y 1
0
et
u.N
iTh
* Gc ca AC vi trc honh l 450 nn BC v CD s c phng trnh l x = 4 hay y = 1.

Do BC ct OX ti M nn BC: x 4 = 0 suy ra M(4; 0).
MA vung gc MF nn ta ca A l nghim ca h:
x y 5 0
x 1
A(1; 4)
4 x 3 y 16 0
y 4
* AD song song BC nn AD: x 1 = 0 m CD: y 1 = 0 nn D(1; 1)
AB song song CD nn y 4 = 0 suy ra B(4; 4).
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 4), B(4; 4), C (4;1), D(1;1)
Cu 125. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c x 2 y 3 0 l phng trnh ng
thng cha cnh AD. Trn ng thng qua B v vung gc vi ng cho AC, ly im E(2; - 5) sao cho
BE AC (D v E nm khc pha so vi ng thng AC). Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht bit
ng thng AB i qua im F (4; 4) v im D c honh dng.
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
iTh
* Phng trnh AB qua F vung gc AD l 2x + y 4 = 0.

2 x y 4 0
x 1
A(1; 2)
Ta A tha h:
x 2y 3 0
y 2
* Tham s ha ta cc im B v C ta c: B(b; 4 2b), D(2d 3; d )
Do ABCD l hnh ch nht nn ta c: AB DC C (b 2d 4; d 2b 2)
AC.EB 0
(b 2)(b 2d 5) (d 2b)(9 2d ) 0
2
2
2
2
(2d b 3) (d 2b 4) (b 2) (9 2b)
BD BE
* Theo bi ta c:
b2 6bd 25b 2d 2 5d 10 0
b 2
2
6b d 4d 12
d 4
et
u.N
5 9
2 2
3 5
2 2
Cu 126. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic nhn ABC c H ; l trc tm, M ; l
1 11
, Q 6; 1 ln lt l cc im thuc AB, AC. Tm ta cc nh ca tam
2 2
trung im ca BC, P ;
gic ABC.
Hng dn gii cch 1:
De
Th
* Gi AD l ng kinh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.

Xt AB vung gc BD v CH vung gc AB suy ra BD // CH.
Tng t ta c: BH // CD suy ra ra BHCD l hnh bnh hnh.
Suy ra M l trung im HD.
* Gi P l giao im PH v AC. Theo bi, ta c : HP.HM 0 HP HM
Suy ra cc t gic DPHD v CDHP ni tip c
DPH DBH DCH DP ' H DPP ' cn ti D
Suy ra HP = HP. Ta P(3; 10).
* Phng trnh AC: 3x + y 17 = 0.
iTh
Thy ngay PM uAC PM / / AC P l trung im AB.
1 1
2 2
Ta D ; . Gi A(a; 17 3a) thuc ng AC suy ra B(1 a; 3a 6).

a 3 (tm)
1
13
2
* Ta c: BA.BD 0 (1 2a) a (6a 23) 3a 0 2a 11a 15 0
a 5 (ktm)
2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(3;8), B(2;3), C (5; 2)
1
11
PB a 2 ; b 2
QC 3 a;6 b
Ta c:
5
9 .
HB a ; b
2
2
1
1
HC a; b
2
2
* Ta c H l trc tm tam gic ABC nn:
et
u.N
Hng dn gii cch 2:

* Gi B(a; b), do M l trung im BC suy ra C(3 a; 5 b).
1 1
11 1
PB.HC 0
a 2 2 a b 2 2 b 0
QC.HB 0
a 5 3 a b 9 6 b 0

2
2
a 2 b 2 a 6b 3 0 (1)
2
a 21b 39
2
(2)
a b
2
2
2
* Ly (1) tr (2) ta c a + 3b = 11 suy ra a = 3b 11 thay vo (1) ta c:
b 3 a 2
10b 75b 135 0
b 9 a 5
2
2
De
* Vi a 2, b 3 B(2;3), C (5; 2) A(3;8)
9
2
* Vi a , b
5
5 9
B ; H (loai )
2
2 2
Th
Cu 127. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, nh B(5; 2) , phng trnh ng
thng AC l: AC : x y 1 0 . Trn tia BC ly im M sao cho BM.BC = 48. Tm ta im C bit rng
tam gic AMC c bn kinh ng trn ngoi tip bng 10 .

(Trch thi minh ha ln 1, Website Moon.vn , nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
* Gi s E l giao im ca AB v ng trn (C) ngoi tip tam gic AMC.
Khi ta c EC l ng kinh v gc EAC bng 90 .
T gic AEMC l t gic ni tip nn gc EMC bng 90 .
* Theo phng tch ta c: BM.BC = BE.BA = 48
Hay ta c: cos ABE
BM
AB
BC.MB BA.BE 48
BE BC
* Phng trnh AB l: x + y + 3 = 0. A l giao im ca AB v AC nn ta A tha h:

x y 3 0 x 1
A(1; 2)
x y 1 0
y 2
* Khi di AB 4 2 BE 6 2
Ta c: BE
3
BA E (1; 4) . Gi C(c; c 1) thuc AC.
2
c 3 C (3; 4)
Ta c EC 2 R 2 10 (c 1) 2 (c 3) 2 40
c 5 C (5; 4)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l C (3; 4) hay C (5; 4)
Cu 128. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, gi M l trung im ca cnh BC, N l
im trn cnh AC sao cho AC = 4AN, im N thuc ng thng 3x + y + 4 = 0. Phng trnh ng
thng MD: x 1 = 0. Xc nh ta nh A ca hnh vung ABCD, bit khong cch t A n ng
thng MD bng 4 v im N c honh m.
(Trch thi th THPT Qunh Lu 2, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
IA ID
DA
IN 5
IC IM MC
IA 8
5
5
Suy ra d ( N ; MD) d ( A; MD)
8
2
* Ta c: IMC
IDA
iTh
n (ktm)
5
5
3 1
2
* Gi s N(n; 3n 4). T d ( N ; MD) | n 1|
N ;
2
2
2 2
n 3 (tm)
Li do tam gic MND vung cn ti N suy ra DN 2d ( N ; MD)
5 2
2
Nn cc im D v M l giao im ca ng thng DM v ng trn tm N bn kinh
et
u.N
DN
5 2
, hay ta cc im l nghim ca h:
2
x 1
x 1 0
D(1;3), M (1; 2)
y 3
2
2
3
1
D(1; 2), M (1;3)

x y 26 x 1
2
2

y 2
1
5
v IN IA A(3;1)
8
3
4
5
* TH1: D(1; 2), M (1;3) . T DI 2 IM I 1; v IN IA A(3; 0)
8
3
* TH1: D(1;3), M (1; 2) . T DI 2 IM I 1;
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(3;1) hay A(3; 0)
Cu 129. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD (AD // BC) c phng trnh ng thng
AB: x 2y + 3 = 0 va ng thng AC: y 2 = 0. Gi I l giao im ca hai ng cho AC v BD. Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh thang cn ABCD, bit IB IA 2 , honh I ln hn 3 v im M (1;3) thuc
ng thng BD.
(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn L Qu n, Bnh nh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
De
* Ta c A l giao im ca AB v AC nn A(1; 2).

Ly im E(0; 2) thuc ng thng AC.
Gi F(2a 3; a) thuc ng thng AB sao cho EF // BD
EF AE
EF BI
2 EF AE 2
BI
AI
AE AI
Th
Khi :
a 1
Suy ra (2a 3) ( a 2) 2
a 11
5
* Vi a 1 EF (1;1) l vecto ch phng ca ng thng BD. Nn chn vecto php tuyn ca
* Ta c: IB
iTh
BD l n (1; 1) , phng trnh BD: x y + 4 = 0.

Khi I l giao im ca BD v AC nn ta I l nghim ca h:
y20
x 2
I (2; 2)
x y 4 0 y 2
Mt khc B l giao im BD v AB nn ta B l nghim ca h:
x 2 y 3 0 x 5
B(5; 1)
x y40
y 1
et
u.N
IB
3
3
ID 2 ID D
2;
2
ID
2
2
V IA IA IC 1 ID C 3 2 2; 2
IC
11
7 1
EF ; l vecto ch phng ca ng thng BD. Nn chn vecto php tuyn ca
5
5 5
BD l n (1; 7) , phng trnh BD: x 7y + 22 = 0.
* Vi a
Khi I l giao im ca BD v AC nn ta I l nghim ca h:

y2 0
x 8
I (8; 2) (loai)
x 7 y 22 0 y 2
3
3
2;
2
2
2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 2), B(5; 1), C (3 2 2; 2), D
3
2
Cu 130. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c H l trc tm, C 3; , ng thng AH c
phng trnh 2 x y 1 0 , ng thng d i qua H, ct ng thng AB, AC ln lt ti P v Q ( khc

im A) tha mn HP = HQ v c phng trnh 2 x 3 y 7 0 . Tm ta cc nh A v B

Hng dn gii :
Th
De
iTh
* Qua C k ng thng song song v ct AB ti N, ct AH tai K, do HP = HQ nn KC = KN.

Goi M l trung im ca BC. Ta c KM // AB, suy ra KM vung gc vi CH nn M l trc tm
tam gic CHK. Nh vy xc nh c K, M nn suy ra xc nh c ta A v B.
* ng thng CK: 4y 6y 3 = 0.
Ta im K l nghim ca h phng trnh:
9
4 x 6 y 3 0
9 5
8
K ;
8 4
2x y 1 0
y 5
21
; 4 . Ta H l nghim ca h phng trnh:

4
2 x 3 y 7 0
x 1
H 1;3
2x y 1 0
y 3
Do K l trung im CN suy ra N
et
u.N
* ng thng qua H vung gc d: 3x + 2y 9 = 0

ng thng qua C vung gc vi AH: x + 2y 6 = 0.
Ta M l nghim ca h phng trnh:
3
3x 2 y 9 0
3 9
2
M ; suy ra B(0; 3)
2 4
x 2y 6 0
y 9
4
* ng thng BN: 4x 3y + 9 = 0. Ta A l nghim ca h:
2x y 1 0
x 3
A 3;7
4 x 3 y 9 0
y 7
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(3; 7) , B(0;3)
Cu 131. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c C(2; -2). Gi im I, K ln lt l trung
im ca DA v DC; M(-1; -1) l giao ca BI v AK. Tm ta cc nh cn li ca hnh vung ABCD
bit im B c honh dng.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Hin a, Ph Th, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
A
N
M
De
* Gi J l trung im ca AB. khi AJCK l hnh bnh hnh
AK // CJ.
Th
Gi CJ BM = N N l trung im ca BM.
Chng minh c AK BI t suy ra tam gic BMC l tam gic cn ti C.
* Ta c MC 3; 1 MC 10
CM = BM = AB = 10
* Trong tam gic vung ABM c
AB 2 BM .BI BM . AB 2 AI 2 BM . AB
5
BM 2 2
2
2 2 ).
iTh
B l giao ca hai ng trn (C; 10 ) v (M;
x 2 y 2 10
B(1; 1).
Ta im B tha mn:
2
x 1 y 1 8
2
* Phng trnh ng thng AB c dng: x - 3y + 2 = 0.

Phng trnh ng thng AM c dng: x + y + 2 = 0.
A (-2; 0). Ta c
BA CD D 1; 3 .
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2; 0), B(1;1), D(1; 3)
et
u.N
Cu 132. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c ng cho AC nm trn ng thng
d : x y 1 0 . im E 9; 4 nm trn ng thng cha cnh AB, im F 2; 5 nm trn ng
thng cha cnh AD,

m.
AC 2 2 . Xc nh ta cc nh ca hnh thoi ABCD bit im C c honh

(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Yn Phong 2, Bc Ninh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
E
I
E'
F
D
* Gi E l im i xng vi E qua AC, do AC l phn gic ca gc
gc vi AC v qua im E 9; 4 nn c phng trnh x y 5 0 .
BAD nn E thuc AD. EE vung
x y 5 0 x 3
I 3; 2
Gi I l giao ca AC v EE, ta I l nghim h
x y 1 0
y 2
V I l trung im ca EE nn E '(3; 8)
De
* ng thng AD qua E '(3; 8) v F ( 2; 5) c VTCP l E ' F (1; 3) nn phng trnh l:

3( x 3) ( y 8) 0 3 x y 1 0 . im A AC AD A(0;1) .
* Gi s C (c;1 c) . Theo bi ra
AC 2 2 c 2 4 c 2; c 2 .
Do honh im C m nn C (2;3)
* Gi J l trung im AC suy ra J (1; 2) , ng thng BD qua J v vung gc vi AC c phng trnh
x y 3 0 . Do D AD BD D (1; 4) B (3; 0)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(0;1), B(3;0), C (2;3), D(1; 4).
Th
Cu 133. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(2; 2). Bit im M(6;3) thuc
cnh BC, im N(4; 6) thuc cnh CD. Tm ta nh C.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Qung Xng 1, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii cch 1:
9
2
* Gi I 5; l trung im ca MN. Do gc MCN 900 nn C thuc ng trn tm I ng kinh
iTh
MN. V CA l phn gic ca gc MCN nn CA giao vi ng trn ti im E l im chnh gia ca

cung MN (khng cha C) A v E nm cng pha so vi MN.
Suy ra E l giao im ca ng trn (I) v trung trc ca MN.
2
9 13
* Phng trnh ng trn: ( I ) : ( x 5) y

2
4
Phng trnh ng trung trc ca MN: 4x 6y + 7 = 0.

* Ta c ta im E l nghim ca h:
2
et
u.N
13
7
4x 6 y 7 0
x
x
2
2
2
hay
9 13
2
x 5 y
y 11
y 7
2
4
7 7
Do A, E cng pha so vi MN nn ta nhn E ;
2 2
* Phng trnh AE: x y = 0. Do C l giao im th hai ca (I) v AR nn ta C(6; 6)

Th
De
Hng dn gii cch 2:
iTh
* Gi vecto php tuyn ca BC l n (a; b), (a 2 b 2 0) suy ra BC: ax + by 6a 3b = 0

CD i qua N(4; 6) v vung gc vi BC suy ra phng trnh CD: bx ay + 6a 4b = 0
b0
| 4a b | | 4a 2b |
* Ta c: d ( A; BC ) d ( A; CD)
a 2 b2
a 2 b2
b 8a
* TH1: b = 0, ta chn a = 1. Khi BC: x 6 = 0, CD: y 6 = 0.
Suy ra C(6; 6), phng trnh MN: 3x + 2y 24 = 0. Kim tra A v C khc pha i vi MN nn ta
nhn C(6; 6)
* TH2: b = 8a, ta chn a = 1 suy ra b = 8. Kh BC: x + 8y 30 = 0, CD: 8x y 26 = 0.
238 214
;
Suy ra C
, loi do A v C cng pha i vi MN.
65 65
et
u.N
Cu 134. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : x 2 y 2 2 x , tam gic ABC vung tai A c
AC l tip tuyn ca (C) trong A l tip im, chn ng cao k t A l H(2; 0). Tm ta nh B ca
2
.
tam gic ABC bit B c tung dng v din tch tam gic ABC bng
3
(Trch thi th s 1, Tp ch Ton Hc v Tui Tr, nm 2014)
Hng dn gii :
* Do tam gic ABC vung ti A c H thuc (C) v AC tip tuyn ca (C) nn ta c:
B thuc ng trn ng kinh AB, AC
* Gi s B(a; b) c b > 0.
2S ABC
2
BH
AB
3
AB 2
AB 2 AC 2
a
BI 1
2
2
1 3
2
(a 1) b 1
B ;
Khi :
2
2
2 2
BH 3
(a 2) b 3 b 3
Th
De
1 3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B ;
2 2
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
1
Cu 135. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm I(2; 1) v AC = 2BD. im M 0;
3
thuc ng thng AB, N (0; 7) thuc ng thng CD. Tm ta im P bit BP 5BI vi B c tung
dng.
* Phng trnh ng thng AB qua M c dng ax b y 0, (a 2 b 2 0)

3
Suy ra phng trnh ng thng CD qua N v song song AB l: ax + b(y 7) = 0

* Do ng thng AB v CD i xng nhau qua tm I, nn ta c:
2b
d ( I ; AB) d ( I ; CD)
2a 3 | 2a 6b |
3a 4b
I nam giua AB va CD
2a 2b (2a 6b) 0
Ta chn a = 4 nn b = 3. Khi AB: 4x + 3y 1 = 0

* Do ABCD l hnh thoi nn AC vung BD.
1
AI AC
Ta c: tan ABI
2 cos( AB; BD)

BI BD
5
Phng trnh BD qua I c dng: m( x 2) n( y 1) 0 (m2 n2 0)
Do cos(AB;BD) =
| 4m 3n |
m 2n
1
11m2 24m 4n 2 0
5
11m 2n
De
5 m2 n 2
* Vi m = - 2n ta chn n = 1, m = -2
Vi 11m = -2n ta chn n = 11, m = - 2
Khi phng trnh BD tng ng l 2x y 3 = 0 hay 2x 11y + 7 = 0.
1 3
Do B c tung dng v B cng l giao im ca AB v BD nn B ;
5 5
54 13
Theo gi thit BP 5BI P ;
5 5
Th
54 13
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l P ;
5 5
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
Cu 136. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (C) c phng trnh l
8
(C ) : ( x 2)2 ( y 3)2 26 , G 1; l trng tm tam gic v M (7; 2) nm trn ng thng i qua A v
3
vung gc vi ng thng BC, M khc A. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC bit tung ca im B
ln tung ca im C.
* Gi I l tm ca ng trn (C), E l trung im BC v H l trc tm tam gic ABC.

K ng kinh AA ca ng trn (C).
Ta c: BA // CH, CA // BH nn BHCA l hnh bnh hnh.
Suy ra E l trung im AH do IE l ng trung bnh ca tam gic HAA
IE 1 EG

Nn
AH 2 GA
* Do , ta c: GIE
GHA AGH EGI G, H , I thng hng nn GH 2GI
xH 1 2(2 1)
xH 1
H (1; 2)
M I(2; 3) nn ta c:
8
8
y
2
3
2
H
3
3
* Mt khc M thuc (C) v A, H, M thng hng.

Li c BHM AHB ' ACF BMH MBH cn ti B nn BC l ng trung trc cua
on HM. Ta c F(3; 2) v HM (8;0) 8(1;0) nn phng trnh BC: x 3 = 0.
De
x 3 0
x3
x 3
* Ta B, C l nghim ca h:
hay
2
2
y 8
x 2 y 3 26
y 2
Do B c tung ln ca C nn ta nhn B(3; 8), C(3; -2)

Phng trnh HM: y 2 = 0 nn ta A l nghim ca h:
y20
x 3
A(3; 2)
2
2
y
2
x
26
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(3; 2), B(3;8), C (3; 2)
Th
Cu 137. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (C) c tm I (1; 2) , bn
kinh
17 v ng thng BC c phng trnh 3x 5 y 30 0 . Bit trc tm H ca tam gic thuc ng
thng d : 5 x 3 y 24 0 . Chng minh rng AH 2 IM vi M l trung im on BC v tm ta cc

nh ca tam gic ABC.
(Trch thi th ln 3, Website: ViettelStudy.vn , nm 2015)
et
u.N
iTh
Hng dn gii :
* K ng kinh AA ca ng trn (I) suy ra IM l ng trung bnh ca tam gic HAA

Suy ra AH = 2IM nn AH 2 IM
3x 5 y 2 0
x0
x5
hay
2
2
y 3
y 6
x 1 y 2 17
Suy ra B(0; -6), C(5; -3) hay C(0; -6), B(5; -3).
5 9
* Trung im M ca BC c ta M ; . Trc tm H ca tam gic thuc ng trn (C) l nh
2 2
ca (C) qua php tnh tin T2 IM (3;5) .
T biu thc ta ca php tnh tin suy ra phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I(4;-7) l:
(C ') : ( x 4)2 ( y 7)2 17

* Vy H l giao im ca ng trn (C) v ng thng c phng trnh 5x 3y 24 = 0.
x3
x 0
5 x 3 y 24 0
Nn ta H tha h:
hay
2
2
y 8
x 4 y 7 17
y 3
Suy ra A(0; 2), A(-3; -3).
A(0; 2), B(0; 6), C (5; 3) hay A( 3; 3), B(0; 6), C (5; 3)
A(0; 2), C (0; 6), B(5; 3) hay A( 3; 3), C (0; 6), B(5; 3)
De
Cu 138. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC (AB < AC) c I (1;0) tm ng trn ngoi
tip. M (3;3) l mt im nm trn ng trung trc ca cnh BC. N (2; 4) l im nm trn ng thng
cha ng phn gic trong gc B ca tam gic ABC v tha mn AN = CN. ng thng BC i qua
D (1; 4) v tung im B ln hn tung im C. Tm ta cc nh A, B, C.
(Trch thi th ln 5, Website: ViettelStudy.vn , nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
* Ta c IM (4;3), IN (3; 4) IN 5
T gi thit suy ra IM, IN ln lt l ng trung trc ca BC, AC.
et
u.N
ng thng BC i qua D(1; 4) nhn IM lm vecto php tuyn nn ta c phng trnh:
BC :4 x 3 y 16 0
* Gi N 0 l im chnh gia cung nh AC suy ra N 0 thuc ng trung trc cnh AC v N 0 thuc
ng phn gic trong ca gc ABC suy ra N 0 trng vi N.
Suy ra N thuc ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.

ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC c tm I(-1; 0) v bn kinh IN = 5 nn c phng trnh:
( x 1)2 y 2 25 . Ta B, C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
x 3 y 16 0
x
hay
2
2
x 1 y 25 y 0
y 24
2 24
V tung B ln hn tung C nn ta nhn B ; , C (4;0)
5 5
* ng thng AC i qua C nhn IN lm vecto php tuyn nn c phng trnh:

AC : 3 x 4 y 12 0 . Toa A l nghim ca h phng trnh:
12
x 4
x 5
3x 4 y 12 0
hay
2
2
x 1 y 25 y 0
y 24
12 24
; , th li tha mn iu kin AB < AC.
* V A khc C nn A
5 5
De
12 24 2 24
; , B ; , C (4;0)
5 5 5 5
Cu 139. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho (C1 ) : ( x 2) 2 ( y 3) 2 45 l ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
ABC. ng trn (C2 ) c tm K (1; 3) ct ng trn (C1 ) theo mt dy cung song song vi AC. Bit
din tch t gic AICK bng 30 2 , chu vi tam gic ABC bng 10 10 , trong I l tm ng trn (C1 ) .
Tm ta im B, bit B c honh m.
Th
(Trch thi th THPT Tiu La, Qung Nam, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
E
et
u.N
A'
* (C1 ) C tm I (2;3), R1 IK 3 5 . Nhn xt K (1; 3) (C1 )
Gi MN (C1 ) (C2 ) MN IK. M AC / / MN AC IK

* Do : S AICK
IK . AC
30 2 AC 4 10
2
Li c: AB BC CH 10 10 BA BC 6 10(1)
* K AA l ng knh ca (C1 ) ; gi E IK AC
IE
1
1
1
AC
AA2 AC 2
(6 5) 2 (4 10) 2 5
2
2
2
IK 3IE E (1;1)
* AC qua E (1;1), AC IK pt AC : x 2 y 3 0 .Nh vy: A, C l giao im ca AC v (C1 )

A(1 4 2;1 2 2), C(1 4 2;1 2 2)
7
12 3 3
Gii h gm (1) v (C1 ) , ta c: B 3 3;
2
2
7
12 3 3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B 3 3;
2
2
De
Cu 140. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(3; 3) , nh C nm trn ng
thng d : 2 x y 1 0 . Gi M l trung im cnh BC, N l im thuc cnh AD sao cho AD = 4ND. Tm
ta cc nh cn li ca hnh vung ABCD, bit ng thng MN c phng trnh 4 x y 3 0
(Trch thi th ln 5, THPT L Xoay, Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
* Gi I l giao im AC v BD, J l giao im ca AC v MN. Khi J thuc on AC.
Ta c hai tam gic MCJ, NAJ ng dng (g g).
Suy ra
et
u.N
CJ MC 2
3
AJ AC (1)
AJ AN 3
5
AJ ( x 3; y 3)
* t C (t; 2t 1) d , J ( x; y )
AC (t 3; 2 2 t)
3
6 3t
x 3 5 (t 3)
x 5
6 3t 9 6t
C: (1)
J
;
5
5
y 3 3 (2 2t )
y 9 6t
5
5
6 3t 9 6t
3 0 t 1 C (1;1)
Do J thuc MN suy ra 4
5
5
* BD qua I(1; -1) vung gc AC nn c phng trnh BD: x y 2 = 0
b3
t B(b; b 2). Khi IB = IC (b 1) 2 (b 1) 2 8
b 1
* Vi b = -1 suy ra B(-1; -3) cn pha vi C so vi MN (khng tha mn)
Vi t = 3 suy ra B(3; 1) khc pha vi C so vi MN (tha mn) suy ra D(-1;-3)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B 3;1 , C 1;1 , D(1; 3)
Cu 141. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c bn knh ng trn ngoi tip l 3 5 . im
M(1;3) c xc nh: MB 2MA , im N(3; -1) thuc ng thng AC sao cho MN song song BC. nh
B thuc ng thng d c phng trnh x + y = 0 v honh im B ln hn 4. Vit phng trnh ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT ng Anh, H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
* Ta c: MN = 2 5 . BC song song MN, M thuc on AB sao cho AB = 3AM
Ta c BC = 3MN suy ra BC 6 5
iTh
BC
6 5
2R
6 5 sin A 1 A 90o
sinA
sin A
Vy ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l ng trn ng knh BC.
* Ta c: B d: x + y = 0 B(t;-t) (t R, t > - 4)
* Li c:
et
u.N
1 t
3 3t
xA
1
2
1
1
3t 9t
3
AM= AB
;
A
1
3
2
2
3 t
y
3 9t
A
1
2
1
t 1 t 3
t 3 t 11
* AM AN AM .AN 0 vi AM
;
;
, AN
2
2
2
2
t 3
t 1 t 3 t 3 t 11
Do :
.
.
0 t 5( Loai )
2 2 2 2
Vi t = - 3 ta c B(-3;3), A(3;3) ; AC 3 AN C (3; 9)
ng trn ng knh BC c tm I(0;-3), bn knh 3 5 c pt l x 2 y 9 45

2
Vy phng trnh ng trn tha yu cu bi ton l (C ) : x 2 y 9 45

2
10
AC . Bit rng M (2; 1)
5
, N (2; 1) ln lt l hnh chiu ca D xung cc ng thng AB, BC v ng thng x 7 y 0 i qua A
, C. Tm ta im A, C.
Cu 142. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c BD
(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT Ch Linh, Hi Dng, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
D
I x-7y=0
De
A
M(-2;-1)
N(2;-1)
* Gi I l giao im ca AC v BD I(7y;y)
Th
Do tam gic BDM v BDN vung ti M, N nn

IM IN
DB
(7 y 2) 2 ( y 1) 2 (7 y 2) 2 ( y 1) 2 y 0 I (0;0)
2
* Khi BD = 2IM = 2 5 AC
5
AC 5 2
BD 5 2 IA IC
2
2
10
iTh
x 7 y 0
2 hoc
* Ta A, C tha mn h phng trnh 2
25
2
x y
y 1
2
7 1
7 1
7 1
7 1
Vy ta 2 im A( ; ), C( ; ) hoc A( ; ), C( ; )
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
y 1
7 1 7 1
7 1 7 1
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A ; , C ; hay C ; , A ;
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
et
u.N
Cu 143. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic nhn ABC, gi E, F ln lt l hnh chiu ca cc nh
B, C ln cc cnh AC, AB. Cc ng thng BC v EF ln lt c phng trnh l BC : x 4 y 12 0 v
EF : 8 x 49 y 6 0 , trung im I ca EF nm trn ng thng : x 12 y 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca
tam gic ABC bit BC 2 17 v nh B c honh m.

(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT Hai B Trng, Hu, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
6
72 6
I
;
145
145 145
Gi d l ng thng i qua I v vung gc EF nn d: 49x 8y 24 = 0
ng thng d ct BC ti trung im M ca BC, do vy M(0; -3).
* V I thuc nn I(12m; m) m I thuc EF nn ta c m
Th
De
* Ta c: B(4b 12; b), BM (4b 12) 2 (b 3) 2 17 nn ta c phng trnh:
iTh
b 2
(4b 12) 2 (b 3) 2 17 17b2 102b 136 0
.
b 4
Ta chn B(-4; -4) suy ra C(4; -2).
6 8e
* Ly E e;
. Ta c: BE.EC 0 .
49
16 2 64 14
16 2 64 14
; hay F ; , E
;
Do vy E ; , F
5 5 29 29
5 5 29 29
16 2 64 14
; . Ta c BE: x 2y 4 = 0, CF: 2x + 5y + 2 = 0.
* Vi E ; , F
5 5 29 29
et
u.N
16 10
0
Suy ra A ;
(loi v AB. AC 0 cos( AB; AC ) 0 A 90
9
9
16 2 64 14
; . Ta c BE: 5x 2y + 12 = 0, CF: 2x + y 6 = 0.
* Vi F ; , E
5 5 29 29
Suy ra A 0;6 . (tha mn)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A 0;6 , B 4; 4 , C (4; 2)
Cu 144. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A v B , c BC 2 AD , nh

A 3;1 v trung im M ca on BC nm trn ng thng d : x 4 y 3 0 . Tm ta cc nh cn
li ca hnh thang ABCD , bit H 6; 2 l hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn ng thng CD .
(Trch thi th THPT Quang Trung, Cn Th, nm 2015)

Hng dn gii :
* T gi thit ta c ABMD l hnh ch nht. Gi (C ) l ng trn ngoi tip ABMD .
BH DH H (C ) HA HM (*)
M d : x 4 y 3 0 M 4m 3 ; m v AH 9; 3 , HM 4m 3 ; m 2
Ta c: (*) AH .HM 0 9 4m 3 3 m 2 0 m 1 suy ra: M 7;1 .
De
* ADCM l hnh bnh hnh DC i qua H 6; 2 v c mt vect ch phng AM 10;0

Phng trnh DC : y 2 0 .
Th
* D DC : y 2 0 D t ; 2 , AD t 3 ; 3 , MD t 7 ; 3
t 2 D 2; 2
AD DM AD.MD 0 t 3 t 7 9 0
t 6 D 6; 2 H (ktm)
* Gi I AM BD I l trung im AM I 2;1
I l trung im BD B 6;4 .
iTh
M l trung im BC C 8; 2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(6; 4), C (8; 2), D( 2; 2)
Cu 145. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c B ( 2;1) v C (8;1) . ng trn
ni tip tam gic ABC c bn kinh r 3 5 5 . Tm ta tm I ca ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC,
bit tung im I l s dng.
(Trch thi th S GD&T Qung Nam, nm 2015)
et
u.N
Hng dn gii :
* Gi p l na chu vi tam gic ABC. Ta c BC = 10

Gi M, N ln lt l cc tip im trn AB v AC.
Ta c p = BC + AM = BC + r = 10 3 5 5 5 3 5 S pr 20
* Gi AH = h ta c : S
1
BC.h 20 h 4 .
2
De
Do r 3 5 5 nn tm I nm trn cc ng thng song song BC, cch BC mt khong bng r,

m tung I dng nn I nm trn ng thng y 3 5 4 v im A nm trn y = 5.
* Gi J l trung im BC suy ra J(3; 1) v BC = 2JA nn A(0; 5) hay A(6;5).
Ta xt A(0; 5) v c phng trnh AB: 2x y + 5 = 0 v AC: x + 2y 10 = 0.
Phng trnh ng phn gic trong AI: 3x + y 5 = 0.
I l giao im ca phn gic AI v ng y 3 5 4 nn ta I (3 5;3 5 4)
* Tng t vi A(6;5) ta cng c: I (3 5;3 5 4)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l I (3 5;3 5 4) hay I ( 3 5;3 5 4)
Th
Cu 146. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh ng phn gic trong gc A l
x y 3 0 . Hnh chiu ca tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC ln AC l E (1; 4) . BC c h s gc m
v to vi ng thng AC gc 450 . g thng AB tip xc vi (C ) : ( x 2)2 y 2 5 . Tm phng trnh

cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
Hng dn gii :
* Gi F l im i xng vi E qua d suy ra F(-1; 2).
iTh
Nhn xt (C) c tm I(-2; 0), bn kinh R 5 v F thuc ng trn (C).
T AB qua F v vung gc IF nn ta c phng trnh: AB : x 2 y 3 0

* Khi A l giao im AB v d nn ta A tha mn h:
x 2 y 3 0 x 3
A 3; 0
x y 3 0
y 0
et
u.N
Do , AC: 2x + y 6 = 0. Gi J l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC.

ng thng i qua E v vung gc AC suy : x 2y + 7 = 0.
Khi : J l giao im ca d v nn tha h:
1
2
7
0
1 10
3
J ;
3 3
x y 3 0
y 10
* Gi vecto php tuyn ca ng thng BC l n (a; b) (a 2 b 2 0) . Ta c:
cos 450
| 2a b |
De
5 a b
2
3a 2 8ab 3b 2 0
* Vi a = 0, suy ra b = 0 (loi)
b3
Vi a khc 0 , ta chn a = 1 suy ra
(do h s gc m nn ta nhn b = 3)
b 1
3
Suy ra phng trnh BC: x + 3y + m = 0.

* Do J l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC nn d ( J ; AC ) d ( J ; BC )
Th
2 10
1
29 10 2
6
10 m
m
3
3
3
3
Suy ra
.
5
10
29 10 2
m
3
Do A, J nm 2 pha BC t ta c: BC : x 3 y
29 10 2
0
3
Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l
iTh
AB : x 2 y 3 0, AC : 2 x y 6 0, BC : x 3 y
29 10 2
0
3
Cu 147. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A vi ng cao AH. Gi HD l ng
3 15
cao tam gic AHC v M ; l trung im ca HD. Bit A thuc d : x y 4 0 v BD c phng
4 4
trnh x 3 y 10 0 . Tnh ta cc nh A, C bit H c honh nguyn.
(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT C Loa, H Ni, nm 2015)
et
u.N
Hng dn gii :
* V tam gic ABC cn nn AH l ng cao. Gi G l trung im ca CD th GM l ng trung bnh

tam gic DHC nn GM // HC
Suy ra GM vung gc AH. M HM vung gc AG nn AM vung gc HG
Nhng HG l ng trung bnh tam gic BDC nn HG // BD. Vy AM vung gc BD.
* AM qua M v vung gc BD nn AM: 3x + y 6 = 0
V A l giai im AM v d nn ta A l nghim ca h:
x y 4 0
x 1
A 1; 3
3x y 6 0 y 3
* V D thuc BD: x 3y + 10 = 0 suy ra D(3d 10; d).
De
259
2
Do AD vung gc MD nn AD.MD 0 10d 2 72d
0
37
2
d
10
7
1 7
D ; H (1; 4)
2
2 2
AD: x + y 4 = 0. BC i qua H v vung gc AH nn BC: y 4 = 0. Khi C(0; 4).
37
11 37
2 19
D ; H ; (loi H co honh nguyn)
* Khi d
10
10 10
5 5
* Khi d
Th
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;3), C (0; 4)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
Cu 148. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho t gic ABCD ni tip ng trn tm I v c gc BCD bng
5
900 , CD song song vi trc tung, tam gic ABC nhn c trc tm H. Trung im cnh BC l M ; 1 ,
2
1
trung im cnh HA l K(2; 3) v din tch tam gic HMI bng . Xc nh ta cc nh ca t gic
2
ABCD, bit im B c honh m.
(Trch thi th Kho st cht lng THPT Chuyn L Qu n, Bnh nh, nm 2015)
* T gi thit ta c AH // CD (v cng vung gc vi BC).

AH qua K(2; 3) nn AH: x 2 = 0.
ng thng BC qua M v vung gc CD nn BC: y + 1 = 0.
Do vy ta c th gi s B(b; -1) suy ra C(5 b; -1)
* V ng kinh AA, ta d dng chng minh c BHCA l hnh bnh hnh tm M. Suy ra M l trung
im HA. Do ta c:
1
1
S HIA ' S HAA ' S HKM
2
4
1
1
1
1
Theo gi thit, ta c: S HMI S HKM KH .d ( M ; HK ) HK 2
2
2
2
2
* H thuc AH: x 2 = 0 nn H(2; h)
h 1
V KH = 2 nn ta c: (h 3)2 4
h 5
S HMI
De
* Vi h = 1 th H(2; 1) suy ra A(2; 5), AB (b 2; 6), HC (3 b; 2) .
b 1
(b 0) b 1
Ta c: AB. HC 0 (b 2)(3 b) 12 0
b 6
Suy ra B(-1; -1), C(6; -1). D dng kim tra tam gic ABC nhn.
T gic AHCD l hnh bnh hnh nn d dng tm c D(6; 3).
* Vi h = 5 th H(2; 5) suy ra A(2; 1), AB (b 2; 2), HC (3 b; 6) .
Th
b 1
(b 0) b 1
Ta c: AB. HC 0 (b 2)(3 b) 12 0
b 6
Suy ra B(-1; -1), C(6; -1). Trng hp ny ta c: AB. AC 0 nn tam gic ABC t, khng tha
mn.
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2;5), B(1; 1), C (6; 1), D(6;3)
iTh
Cu 149. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(-1;5) v im M(0;-2) l trung im
cnh BC. Gi D, E ln lt l chn ng cao h t cc nh B v C. ng phn gic ca gc DME ct
ng cao h t nh A ti im I(0;3). Tm to cc nh B, C bit rng im B c honh m.
(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT a Phc, H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Gi s I l trung im AH, ta chng minh MI l phn gic gc DME.
Tam gic EAH vung c EI

Do EI DI (1) .
1
1
AH . Tng t tam gic ADH c DI AH .
2
2
* Li c tam gic BEC vung ti E, tam gic BDC vung ti D c ME MB MC MD (2).

T (1),(2) ta c MI l phn gic gc DME.
* Phng trnh ng cao AH i qua A,I l 2 x y 3 0 .
De
ng thng BC i qua M(0;-2) v vung gc AH l x 2 y 4 0 .

V I l trung im AH nn H(1;1), gi B(2b + 4; b) thuc BC.
V M l trung im BC nn C(-2b - 4; -4 -b).
* Ta c: AC (2b 3; b 9), HB (2b 3; b 1) AC.HB 0 (2b 3) 2 (b 1)(b 9) 0
b 4
B(4; 4), C (4;0)

b 0
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(4; 4), C (4;0)
Th
Cu 150. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, ly cc im A( 2; 2), B(2 2;0), C ( 2; 2) . Cc ng thng

d1 v d 2 cng i qua gc ta v hp vi nhau mt gc 450 . Bit rng d1 ct on AB ti M v d 2 ct
on BC ti N. Khi tam gic OMN c din tch b nht, hy tm M v vit phng trnh cc ng thng d1
v d 2 .
(Trch thi Kho st cht lng S GD&T k Nng, nm 2015)
iTh
Hng dn gii :
* Gi l gc gia d1 vi chiu dng trc honh.
V l gc gia d 2 vi chiu dng trc honh.

Ta c: 450
2
OM
1
cos
. Nh vy OMN c din tch: S OM .ON sin 450 .

* Mt khc:
2
ON 2
cos
et
u.N
2
2
.
0
2cos .cos cos 45 cos( )
Tam gic OMN c din tch b nht vi iu kin cos( ) 1 , tc l
Hay l S
Vy ta c
.
8
* Ta c lc ny d1 l phn gic ca gc AOB .
Do im M chia on AB theo t s k
OA 1
OB
2
xM 2
M (2; 2( 2 1))
Ta im M s l:
yM 2( 2 1)
* Phng trnh ng thng d1 : y x tan
hay d1 : y x( 2 1)
ng thng d 2 i xng vi d1 qua trc honh nn phng trnh d1 : y x( 2 1)
Vy yu cu bi ton l M (2; 2( 2 1)), d1 : y x( 2 1), d 2 : y x( 2 1)

45
(AB // CD, AB < CD).
2
Phng trnh ng thng cha cnh CD l x 3 y 3 0 . Hai ng cho AC v BD vung gc vi nhau
ti I(2; 3). Vit phng trnh ng thng cha cnh BC bit C c honh dng.
(Trch thi Kho st cht lng S GD&T ng Thp, nm 2015)
Cu 151. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD c din tch
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
iTh
* Gi H, K ln lt l trung im AB v CD. Do cc tam gic IAB v ICD vung cn ti I

AB
CD
, IK
Nn IH AB, IK CD, IH
suy ra I, H, K thng hng
2
2
* ng thng IK qua I vung gc CD c phng trnh l:
3( x 2) 1( y 3) 0 IK : 3x y 9 0
x 3y 3 0
x 3
K 3; 0
Ta K l nghim ca h
3x y 9 0 y 0
Do KC = KD = KI = 10 nn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ICD c tm K bn kinh 10
Suy ra: (C ) : ( x 3) 2 y 2 10
et
u.N
x 3 y 3 0
x 6
x0
hay
* Ta C, D l nghim ca h:
2
2
y 1
y 1
x 3 y 10
Do C c honh dng n ta nhn C(6; 1), D(0; -1)
1
45
10
HK ( AB CD) ( IH IK ).HK ( IH IK ) 2
IH
2
2
2
IB IH 1
1
IB
ID B(3;5) .
Li c:
ID IK 2
2
Phng trnh ng thng cn tm l BC: 4x + 3y 27 = 0.
* Mt khc, S ABCD
Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l BC : 4 x 3 y 27 0
Cu 152. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im E(3; 4), ng thng d : x y 1 0 v ng trn (C) c
phng trnh x 2 y 2 4 x 2 y 4 0 . Gi M l im thuc ng thng d v nm ngoi ng trn (C).

T M k c cc tip tuyn MA, MB n ng trn (C) (A, B l cc tip im). Gi (E) l ng trn
tm E v tip xc vi ng thng AB. Tm ta im M sao cho ng trn (E) c chu vi ln nht.
(Trch thi Kho st cht lng S GD&T Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
* ng trn (C) c tm I(-2; 1), bn kinh R = 3. Do M thuc d nn M(a; 1 a)
Do M nm ngoi (C) nn ta c IM > R IM 2 9 (a 2)2 a 2 9 2a 2 4a 5 0 (*)
* Ta c: MA2 MB2 IM 2 IA2 (a 2)2 a 2 9 2a 2 4a 5

Do ta A, B tha mn phng trnh:
( x a)2 ( y a 1)2 2a 2 4a 5 x 2 y 2 2ax 2(a 1) y 6a 6 0 (1)
iTh
* Mt khc do A, B thuc (C) nn ta A, B tha mn phng trnh: x 2 y 2 4 x 2 y 4 0 (2).
Tr v theo v ca (1) cho (2) ta c: : (a 2) x ay 3a 5 0 (3).

Do ta ca A, B tha (3) nn (3) chnh l phng trnh ng thng qua AB.
* Li c, (E) tip xc vi nn (E) c bn knh r d ( E; )
Chu vi ca (E) ln nht r ln nht d ( E; ) ln nht.
5 11
Nhn thy ng thng lun i qua im K ; . Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca E ln
2 2
et
u.N
Suy ra d ( E; ) EH EK
10
. Du = xy ra khi H K EK
2
1 3 1
* Ta c: EK ; (1; 3) v c vecto ch phng u (a; a 2)
2 2 2
Do , EK EK .u 0 1a 3(a 2) 0 a 3 (tha mn (*))
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l M (3; 4)
Cu 153. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti hai nh A v D, CD = 2AB. Gi E
7 9
l hnh chiu vung gc ca D ln ng cho AC. nh D ( 1;1) , v im N ; l trung im EC,
5 5
nh B thuc ng thng x y 2 0 . Tm toa cc nh A, B, C.
(Trch thi th THPT Th X Qung Tr, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Gi J l trung im BD suy ra J(0; 2) v BJ 2 .

Phng trnh ng trn ng kinh BD l (C ) : x 2 ( y 2)2 2
De
* Gi A(a; b). V A thuc (C) nn a 2 (b 2)2 2 (1) .
Th
9
17
DC 2 AB C 1 2a;7 2b . V N l trung im EC nn E 2a ; 2b
5
5
1
7 8
Phng trnh ng trn ng kinh DN l (C ') : x y

5
5
5
4 12 8
Li c E thuc (C) nn (C ') : a b (2)

5
5
5
iTh
a 1
* Gii h gm (1) v (2), ta c:
hay
b3
a 5
b 11
5
Vi A(-1; 3) suy ra C(3; 1) tha mn.

7 11
19 13
Vi A ; C ; (loi v N l trung im CD)
5 5
5 5
et
u.N
4 2( x 1)
B(1;3)
* Ta c: DC 2 AB
0 2( y 3)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;3), B(1;3), C (3;1), D(1;1)
Cu 154. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti C v D v AD = 2BC = 2CD. Qua
im E thuc cnh BC k ng thng vung gc vi DE ct ng thng AB ti F. Tm ta cc im B,
C, D bit A(6; 2), E (1; 2), F (5; 1) .
Hng dn gii :
* T gi thit suy ra tam gic ABD vung cn ti B.
MEB MBE
DF
MB MEB cn tai M
2
MFB MBF
Xt t gic BEMF c MEB MFB MBE MBF EBF 1350
Suy ra EMF 3600 2.1350 900 . Vy tam gic DEF vung cn ti E nn ED = EF = 5.
Gi M l trung im DF th ME
* Ta c EF (4; 3) DE : 4 x 3 y 2 0
2
d 2
4d 2
4d 4
2
.
Khi
ED
=
5
Gi s E ED D d ;
(
d
1)
25
3
d 4
De
* Vi d = 4. Khi D(4; 6), FA (1; 1) phng trnh BD: x y + 2 = 0, AF: x + y 4 = 0.
iTh
Th
x y 2 0 x 1
B 1; 3
Ta B l nghim ca h phng trnh:
x y 4 0 y 3
Mt khc im B phi thuc ng thng d i qua e song song AD, nn ta B phi tha mn
phng trnh ng thng d: 4x + y 6 = 0 (khi 4 + 3 6 = 0 dn n mu thun).
* Vi d = - 2. Khi D(-2; -2), phng trnh BD: x y = 0
Tng t ta c B l giao im BD v AF suy ra B(2; 2).
CD BC
Ta c: AD 2 BC C (2; 2) . Khi BC.CD 0 AD.CD
CD AD
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(2; 2), C (2; 2), D(2; 2)
Cu 155. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD bit im A c tung dng, ng thng
21
AB c phng trnh 3x 4 y 18 0 , im M ; 1 thuc cnh BC, ng thng AM ct ng thng

4
CD ti N tha mn BM .DN 25 . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD.

(Trch thi th THPT Quc Gia, S GD&T Cn Th, nm 2015)
et
u.N
Hng dn gii :
* ng thng BC qua M v vung gc vi AB nn BC: 4x 3y 24 = 0.

De
4 x 3 y 24 0 x 6
B 6; 0
Khi ta B l nghim ca h:
3x 4 y 18 0
y 0
* Ta thy cc tam gic sau ng dng vi nhau: MBA MCN ADN
MB MC AD
MB.ND AB. AD suy ra AB 2 25 hay cnh hnh vung bng 5.

Suy ra
AB NC ND
a 1
Gi A(4a 6; 3a) AB . Khi AB 2 25 16a 2 9a 2 25
a 1
V A c tung dng nn ta nhn A(2; 3).
* Phng trnh ng thng CD c dng: 3x + 4y + m = 0 ( m 18)
V cnh hnh vung bng 5 nn d ( B; CD)
m7
|18 m |
5
5
m 43
Th
* Vi m = 7, CD: 3x + 4y + 7 = 0. Khi ta C l nghim ca h:

4 x 3 y 24 0 x 3
C 3; 4 (tha v MC < 5).
3x 4 y 7 0
y 4
Vi m = -43 th CD: 3x + 4y 43 = 0. Khi ta C l nghim ca h:
4 x 3 y 24 0 x 9
C 9; 4 (khng tha v MC > 5).
3x 4 y 43 0 y 4
5 1 B (6;0)
D(1; 1) (vi I l tm hnh vung ABCD).
Do A(2; 3), C(3; -4) suy ra I ;
2 2
iTh

Cu 156. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB = 2BC, B (7;3) . Gi M l trung
im ca on AB, E l im i xng vi D qua A. Bit rng N (2; 2) l trung im ca DM, im E
thuc ng thng : 2 x y 9 0 . Tm ta nh D.
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Trc ht ta chng minh NE vung gc NB. t AB = 2BC = 2a (a > 0). Ta c:
NE.NB ( ND DE )( NM MB) ND.NM ND.MB DE.NM DE.MB
a2 a
a
.a.cos1350 2a.
.cos 450 0 NE NB
2
2
2
* Do NE: x + y = 0. Khi ta E l nghim ca h:
2 x y 9 0 x 3
E 3; 3
x y 0
y 3
* Gi I l giao im BN v AD. K MH song song AD (H thuc BI). Ta c: NI = NH, HI = HB
1 11
Suy ra BN 3NI I ;
3 3
Suy ra NE.NB
De
* Li c: AI = 2MH = 2DI suy ra EI 5ID D 1; 5
(Lu : hc sinh c th t AB x, AD y , biu th hai vecto NE , NB qua x, y . T d dng

suy ra NE vung gc NB.
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l D 1; 5
Th
Cu 157. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD, ng thng AB, AC ln lt c phng
trnh l x y 5 0 v x 3 y 7 0 . Trng tm G ca tam gic ACD thuc ng thng d : 2 x y 6 0
Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD.
(Trch thi th s 1, Website: toanmath.com, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
* Ta A l nghim ca h phng trnh:
x y 5 0
x 2
A 2; 3
x 3y 7 0 y 3
* V B thuc AB nn ta B(b; b + 5)
ng thng BC i qua B v vung gc vi AB c phng trnh l BC: x + 2y 2b 5 = 0
* Ta C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
x y 2b 5 0 x 3b 4
C 3b 4; b 1
x 3y 7 0
y b 1
* Ta c: AD BC D(2b 2; 2b 1) .
5b 4
; b 1
V G l trng tm ca tam gic ACD nn G
3
5b 4
G thuc d suy ra 2
(b 1) 6 0 b 1
3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2;3), B(1;6), C (7;0), D(4; 3)
De
Cu 158. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm I (2;3) . Hnh chiu vung gc ca
7 6
nh A trn ng thng BD l im H ; . Bit im C nm trn ng thng d : 2 x y 6 0 . Xc
6 5
nh ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD.
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
n (1;3) la vtpt cua AB
AH : x 3 y 5 0
3 9
* Ta c: HI ; AB
5 5
nBD (3; 1) la vtpt cua BD BD : 3x y 3 0
et
u.N
* V A thuc AH v C thuc d nn ta c A(5 3a; a) v C(c; 2c 6).

5 3a c
2
a 2
2
* V I l trung im ca AC nn
A(1; 2), C (5; 4)

a
2
c
6
c
2
* V B thuc BD nn ta B(b; 3b 3).
Ta c: IA2 IB 2 (3)2 (1)2 (b 2)2 (3b 6)2
b 3 B(3;6) D(1;0)
Suy ra
b 1 B(1;0) D(3;6)
A(1; 2), B(3;6), C (5; 4), D(1;0) hay A( 1; 2), B(1;0), C (5; 4), D(3;6)
Cu 159. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im B(2; 0), ng thng i qua nh
B v vung gc vi ng cho AC c phng trnh 7 x y 14 0 , ng thng i qua nh A v trung
im ca cnh BC c phng trnh x 2 y 7 0 . Tm ta im D ca hnh ch nht ABCD, bit im
A c honh m.
Hng dn gii :
* Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC, H l hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn AC. Ta c1o A v M thuc
ng thng x 2 y 7 0 nn ca c dng: A(7 2a; a), M (7 2m; m)
x 2 xM xB 12 4m
* Do M l trung im ca BC nn C
C (12 4m; 2m)
yC 2 yM yB 2m
Th
De
* V BH vung gc AC nn ta c: AC, nBH cng phng
5 4m 2a 2m a
7
1
* V AB vung gc vi BC nn AB.BC 0 (2a 5)(10 4m) (a).2m 0

m 1
Suy ra (4m 3)(10 4m) 2m(2m 1) 0 2m 5m 3 0
m 3
2
Vi m = 1 nn a = 3 suy ra A(1; 3) (loi)
3
Vi m a 1 A(1; 4), C (6;3)
2
x 1 6 2
Mt khc: AD BC D
D(3;7)
yD 4 3 0
2
iTh
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 4), C (6;3), D(3;7)
et
u.N
Cu 160. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD. Trn cc cnh AD, AB ln lt ly hai
im E, F sao cho AE = AF. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A ln BE. Tm ta im C bit C thuc
ng thng d : x 2 y 1 0 v hai im F(2; 0), H(1; -1).
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
* Ko di AH ct CD ti I, khi t gic BCIH ni tip ng trn ng kinh BI
Mt khc ABE DAI (cnh gc vung gc nhn).
Suy ra DI = AE m AE = AF suy ra DI = AF suy ra BF = CI.
* Do BCIF l hnh ch nht nn ni tip ng trn ng kinh BI
Suy ra tc gic BCHF ni tip ng trn.
iTh
M gc FBC 900 DHC 900 HF HC

* V C thuc d nn ta c dng C(2c 1; c)
HC (2c 2; c 1)
Li c HC.HF 0 (*) vi
HF (1;1)
Do (*) c
1
1 1
C ;
3
3 3
et
u.N
1 1
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l C ;
3 3
Cu 161. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh C(7; -4), M l trung im ca BC v D l
hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn cnh AC. ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABD ct on thng BC ti
im E(4; -3). Bit rng im A cch gc ta mt khong bng 5 v nm v pha bn phi ca trc tung.
Xc nh ta im A.
(Trch ngn hng thi i hc 2015, Group ton 3K Class, Facebook, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii cch 1:
De
iTh
Th
* T gic ABED ni tip ng trn c C l giao im AD v BE nn:

CD 2CE
CD.CA CE.CB hay CD.CA CE.2CM hay
(1)
CM
CA
CD
(2)
Trong tam gic vung MDC, ta c cos MCD
CM
CA2 CE 2 AE 2
p dng nh l hm cosin trong tam gic AEC ta c: cos ACE
(3)
2CA.CE
2CE CA2 CE 2 AE 2
* T (1), (2), (3) ta c:
3CE 2 CA2 AE 2 AE 2 CA2 30

CA
2CA.CE
* t A(a; b) (vi a > 0) ta c h phng trnh:
(a 4) 2 (b 3) 2 (a 7) 2 (b 4) 2 30
OA 5
a 3
a 2 b2 5
A(3; 4)
2
2
AE CA 30
b 4
a0

Hng dn gii cch 2:
et
u.N
* Gi N l trung im AC. Ta chng minh NE vung gc EC.

Ta c: MN l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ABC suy ra MN // BC ABC NMC (1)
T gic ADEB ni tip ABE EDC (2) (cng b gc ADE).
* T (1) v (2) suy ra NMC EDC nn NME NDE 1800
De
Suy ra NEM 900 hay NE vung gc EC.

* ng thng NE qua E(4; -3) v vung gc EC nn c phng trnh: NE: 3x y 15 = 0.
im N thuc NE nn N(t; 3t 15) suy ra A(2t 7; 6t 26).
t 5
2
2
Theo gi thit bi ton ta c: OA = 5 (2t 7) (6t 26) 25 7
t
2
* Vi t= 5 suy ra A(3; 4) (tha mn)
7
Vi t = A(0; 5) (khng tha mn)
2
iTh
Th
Hng dn gii cch 3:

* Gi H l chn ng cao h t A trn BC. Chng minh E l trung im HC.
T gic ABED ni tip nn ta c CD.CA = CE. CB (1)
Tng t AHMD ni tip nn ta c: CD.CA = CM.CH (2)
CM
CH
.CH
* T (1), (2) suy ra CE.CB = CM.CH CE
CB
2
Do E l trung im HC nn suy ra H(3; -1)
ng cao AH i qua H(3; -1) vung gc EC nn AH: 3x y 5 = 0
* im A thuc AH nn A(a; 3a 5) (a > 0)
a 0
Theo gi thit ta c OA = 5 a 2 (3a 5)2 25
a 3
So iu kin ta nhn a = 3 suy ra A(3; 4)
et
u.N
Cu 162. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c M, N ln lt l cc im nm trn

ng cho AC sao cho AC = 3AM = 4AN. ng trn ngoi tip ca tam gic BMN c phng trnh l
(C ) : x 2 y 2 15x 13 y 86 0 . Bit rng trung trc ca CD i qua gc ta O v im A c honh
nguyn. VIt phng trnh ng thng AB.
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
5
15 13
; v bn kinh R
. t cnh hnh vung bng a ( a > 0)
2
2 2
* ng trn (C) c tm I
Ta c: CM .CN
2 AC 3 AC AC 2
.
a 2 (1)
3
4
2
iTh
Do ABCD l hnh vung nn AB vung gc BC (2).

T (1) v (2) ta c AB i qua tm I v BC l tip tuyn ca ng trn (C).
* Gi E l giao im ca (C) v AB (E khc B) Ta c:
AC AC AC 2 a 2
AE. AB AN . AM
.
4 3
12
6
5
EB 5a
a
5a
R IB
a6 2
Suy ra AE , EB AB AE
. Do
2 12
6
6
2
5
1
* Gi F l trung im AB suy ra IF = BF BI = 3 2
2
2
et
u.N
Ta c: OF OI 2 IF 2 7 2, OA AF 2 OF 2 2 29 .
1
7
AI AF IF 3 2
2
2
t A(a; b) vi a l s nguyn. Ta c:
AO 2 29
aZ
2
2
a4
15 13 49
A(4;10)
* Do a b
2
2
2
b 10
a 2 b 2 116
ng thng AB qua A v I nn c dng: AB: x + y 14 = 0.

Vy phng trnh tha yu cu bi ton l AB : x y 14 0
4
7
Cu 163. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC nhn c H 3; v I 6; ln lt l trc
3
3
tm v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic. Gi E, F ln lt l hnh chiu ca B, C trn cnh AC, AB.
ng trung trc ca on EF c phng trnh: d : x 3 y 10 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic, bit
im B c tung dng v BE: x 3 = 0.
Hng dn gii cch 1:
De
Th
* Trc ht ta chng minh trung trc d ca EF ct AH ti trung im.

Ta c: AEH AFH 900 nn t gic AEHF ni tip ng trn ng kinh AH. M EF l dy cung
nn trung trc d ca EF s i qua tm. Hay ni cch khc trung trc d ca EF ct AH ti trung im J.
4
3
Do J thuc d nn J(3t + 10, t). im J l trung im AH, suy ra A 6t 17; 2t

ng thng AC i qua A vung gc BE nn c phng trnh AC: 3y 6a 4 = 0
11
AH = 2IM suy ra AH 2 IM M 3a 1; a
3
* Ta c E l giao im AC v BE suy ra E 3; 2a . Gi M l trung im BC, ta c:
iTh
MB = ME suy ra M thuc trung trc ca BE. Gi l trung trc BE, suy ra qua M v vung gc BE
nn
: 3 y 3a 11 0
11
26
a v K l trung im BE nn B 3;
4a
3
* Gi K l giao im v BE suy ra K 3;
Hng dn gii cch 2:
et
u.N
11
19
3
Ta c IA = IB (6a 11) 2 2a 32 4a
3
3
a 8
3
8
Do B c tung dng nn ta chn a
3
* Khi A(1; -4), B(3; 2) v M(7; -1) suy ra C(11; -4)
2
De
Th
* ng trung trc d v BE ln lt c cc vecto php tuyn l nd (1; 3), nBE (1;0)

Ta c: cos cos(d ; BE ) | cos(nd , nBE ) |
nd . nBE
nd . nBE
1
10
* T gic BFEC ni tip nn gc FEB = gc FCB (do cng chn cung BF)
BKM FEB 900
Mt khc, ta c:
BKM
FBC (1)
iTh
0
FBC FCB 90
Mt khc, ta c: gc ABC = gc AIN (cng chn mt na s o cung AC (2)

T (1), (2), suy ra BKM AIN nn:
http://dethithu.net
BH
1
IN
BH
cos
2
(*)
AI
AI
2 AI
10
im B thuc BE nn B(3; b) vi b > 0. T (*) 2 BI 10 BH 4 BI 2 10 BH 2 b 2 hay B(3; 2)
* ng trn tm I 6;
et
u.N
* K tip tuyn Ax vi ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC, suy ra

xAB ACB (do cng bng mt na s o cung AB) (3)
T gic BFEC ni tip nn ACB AFE (do cng b gc BFE ) (4)
* T (3) v (4) suy ra xAB AFE nn Ax // EF so le trong) hay IA vung gc EF.
7
5 10
c phng trnh l:
, bn kinh IB
3
3
2
7
250
(C ) : ( x 6) 2 y
3
9
* T h thc BH 2IN suy ra N(6; -4). Khi ng thng AC i qua N v vung gc vi BE nn c

phng trnh AC: y + 4 = 0.
* Ta im A v C l nghim ca h phng trnh:
2
7 250
2
x 1, y 4
( x 6) y
3
9
x 11, y 4
y40
* Do IA vung gc EF hay IA // d nn ta chn A(1; -4), C(11; -4)

Cu 164. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD c hai y AB, CD vi AB < CD. Bit rng
3 1
3 3
AC vung gc CD v M ; , N ; ln lt l trung im ca BD, BC. Gi I l giao im AC v
2 2
2 2
BD, J l giao im ca AD v BC. Tm ta cc nh A v B, bit ng thng IJ c phng trnh l
3x y 3 0 .
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
* Trc ht ta chng minh IJ i qua trung im ca AB v trung im CD.
iTh
Do P l trung im AB, Q l giao im QI v CD nn ta c:
AP IP PB
CQ IQ QD
M AP = BP, suy ra CQ = QD hay Q l trung im CD.

* Tip theo ta s chng minh AD, BC v PQ ng quy ti J. Tc l J, P, Q thng hng.
Gi Q l giao im JP v CD, ta cn chn minh Q trng Q. Ta c:
JA AP JP PB JB
JD DQ ' JQ ' Q ' C JC
Suy ra
Do Q trng Q.
et
u.N
AP PB
m PA = PB nn DQ = CQ hay Q l trung im CD.

DQ ' CQ '
http://dethithu.net
* Ta c: MN 10 DC 2MN 2 10 .V N, P ln lt l trung im BC, AB nn PN // AC suy ra

PN vung gc MN.
3 3
2 2
ng thng PN qua N ; v c vecto php tuyn MN (3;1) nn PN: 3x + y 6 = 0
3x y 6 0
1 9
P ;
Do P l giao im PN v IJ nn ta P l nghim ca h:
2 2
3 x y 3 0
* ng thng MN: x 3y + 3 = 0. Gi H l giao im MN v IJ nn H l trung im PQ

Suy ra Q(-2 ; -3).
ng th AB i qua P v vung gc PN nn AB: x 3y + 13 = 0.
im A thuc AB nn A(3a 13; a). Ta c:
a 4
AQ 2 AC 2 CQ 2 4 PN 2 MN 2 50 (11 3a)2 (3 a)2 50
a 2
Do A(-1;4) hay A(-7; 2). Do AB < CD nn AP
CD
nn ta chn A(-1; 4) suy ra B(2; 5).
2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 4), B(2;5)

Cu 165. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c tm ng trn ni tip l I(0; -1), tm ng
11 2
trn bng tip gc A l J(5; 4) v im H ; l hnh chiu ca im A trn cnh BC. Tm ta cc
25 25
http://dethithu.net
nh ca tam gic, bit im B c honh dng.
De
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
http://dethithu.net
* Trc ht ta chng minh BC l phn gic ca gc IHJ.

Qua I k ng thng vung gc vi BC, ct BC ti E v ct HJ ti F. Ta cn chng minh E l trung im
ID BD JD
\
IA BA JA
ID
JD
ID
JD
Suy ra:
hay
IA ID JA JD
DA JA JD
ID
JD ID
ID
JD
Suy ra:
hay
DA JA JD DA
DA 2 JA
ID
IE
IJ
IF
IE
IF
M
nn t (*) ta suy ra
hay IF 2 IE
AD AH AJ AH
AH 2 AH
IF. Theo tnh cht ng phn gic ta c:
et
u.N
iu ny chng t E l trung im IF nn HE l phn gic gc IHJ

* Ta c: IBJ ICJ 900 nn t gic IBJC ni tip ng trn ng kinh IJ.
2
5
3
25
ng trn ng kinh IJ c phng trnh : (C ) : x y

2
2
2
ng thng IH c phng trnh IH: 23x 11y 11 = 0.

ng thng JH c phng trnh JH: 17x 19y 9 = 0.
* Phng trnh phn gic to bi hai ng thng IH v JH l:
3x 4 y 1 0
23x 11y 11
17 x 19 y 9
232 112
17 2 192
4 x 3 y 2 0
Do BC l phn gic trong ca gc IHJ nn I v J khc pha so vi BC.
V vy ta chn BC: 3x + 4y 1 = 0.
De
3x 4 y 1 0
x 3; y 2
2
2
5
3 25
x 1; y 1
x 2 y 2 2

Do im B c honh dng nn ta chn B(3; -2), C(-1; 1).

ng thng AH i qua H v vung gc BC nn AH: 4x 3y 2 = 0.
ng thng IJ c phng trnh IJ: x y 1 = 0.
http://dethithu.net
Li c A l giao im AH v IJ suy ra A(-1; -2)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 2), B(3; 2), C ( 1;1)
Cu 166. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(5;3), B(4;6) . Gi I l tm ng trn
11 9
; . Tm ta nh C
ni tip tam gic ABC. ng thng qua I v song song vi AB ct BC ti F
4 4
ca tam gic ABC.
(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT Hn Thuyn, Bc Ninh, nm 2015)
Th
Hng dn gii :
http://dethithu.net
iTh
* Ta c IF // AB suy ra ABI BIF , ABI IBF . Suy ra tam gic BFI cn ti F

Suy ra BF = FI .
* FI qua F v vung gc AB nn c phng trnh:
9
11
1 x 3 y 0 FI : x 3 y 4 0
4
4
Suy ra y = 1 hay y
et
u.N
* Gi I(4 3t; t) thuc IF. Ta c:
13 7
7
; (loai) hay I (1;1)
suy ra I
2
2 2
* Phng trnh BI: x + y 2 = 0. Gi F l im i xng ca F qua BI. Ta tm c ta im
1 19
F ' ; . Khi phng trnh AB: x + 3y 14 = 0.
4 4
Phng trnh AC: 3x + y + 6 = 0 v toa C(1; -9)

Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l C (1; 9)
Cu 167. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD ni tip ng trn (C) tm I(5; 2). Cc
tip tuyn ca (C) ti B, D ct tip tuyn ca (C) ti C ln lt ti M, N. Trc tm tam gic AMN l im
H (5; 1) . Din tch tam gic AMN bng 78. Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD bit C c tung
m v honh ca M v N u dng (trong honh ca M ln hn honh ca N).
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Chuyn L T Trng, Bnh nh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
De
Th
* ng trn (C) c tm I l giao im ca AC v BD suy ra AC vung gc vi MN.

Do AC l ng cao ca tam gic AMN, nn H thuc AC. AC qua I v H nn AC c
phng trnh x 5 = 0.
* C thuc AC nn C c ta C(5; c) (c < 0). V I l trung im AC nn suy ra A(5; 4 c).
ng thng MN qua C v vung gc vi AC nn c phng trnh y c = 0.
* V M, N thuc ng thng MN nn suy ra ta M(m; c), N(n; c) (vi m > n > 0).
iTh
AM (m 5; 2c 4)
http://dethithu.net
HN (n 5; c 1)
Ta c:
. Do H l trc tm tam gic AMN nn ta c: AM .HN 0 (1)
IM (m 5; c 2)
IN (n 5; c 2)
Theo tnh cht tip tuyn ta c IM v IN ln lt l phn gic ca cc gc
Mt khc, B, I, D thng hng nn suy ra
BIC ,
CID
MIN 900 IM IN IM .IN 0 (2)
et
u.N
(m 5)(n 5) (2c 5)(c 1) 0

(I )
* T (1) v (2) ta c h:
2
(m 5)(n 5) (c 2) 0
c2
V C c tung m nn ta nhn c = - 4.
Suy ra (2c 4)(c 1) (c 2) 2 c 2 2c 8 0
c 4
Suy ra C (5; 4), A(5;8) suy ra AC 12
Hn na t h (I) vi c = - 4 ta c : (m 5)(n 5) + 36 = 0 (2)
* Mt khc, S AMN
http://dethithu.net
1
AC.MN 78 MN 13 | m n | 13 m n 13 (3) (do m n)
2
T (2), (3) gii c: m = 14, n = 1 (nhn) hoc m = 9, n = - 4 (loi do n < 0).

Suy ra M(14; -4), N(1; 4).
* Ta c: IB = IC = 6 v ng trn (C ) : ( x 5) ( y 2) 36 (*) .
2
Mt khc IM 117 CM BM IM 2 IB2 117 36 9 .

Suy ra B, C thuc ng trn : (C ') : ( x 14) ( y 4) 81 (**)
2
137
13
* Gii h (*) v (**) ta c:
hay
y 56
13
x5
137 56
suy ra B
;
13 13
y 4
7 4
;
13 13
Suy ra I l trung im BD nn suy ra D
137 56
7 4
; , C 5; 4 , D ;
13 13
13 13
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A 5;8 , B
De
Cu 168. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A, G(1; 2) l trng tm tam gic
ABC, ng thng i qua A vung gc vi BG ct BC ti E(5; 2). Xc nh ta nh C.
(Trch thi th THPT Nguyn Duy Trinh, Ngh An, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
http://dethithu.net
iTh
Th
* G l trc tm ca tam gic ABE suy ra EG // AG m EG = 4.
GE HG 1
AC 12 BC 12 2 AH 6 2 GH 2 2
AC HA 3
* Gi H(a; b) . Ta H tha mn h:
http://dethithu.nethttp://dethithu.net
GH HE
(a 1)(5 a) (b 2) 2 0
GH .HE 0
2
2
2
2
(a 1) (b 2) 8 (a 1) (b 2) 8
GH 2 2
1
3
* Ta c: HE HC .
et
u.N
b 0
(a 1)(5 a) (a 1) 2 8 0 a 3 (b 2) 2 4
b 4
Vi H(3; 0) suy ra C(9; 6).

Vi H(3; 4) suy ra C(9; 2).
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l C (9; 6) hay C(9; 2)
Cu 169. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c tm I(1; 3). Gi N l im thuc cnh
AB tha mn 3AN = 2AB. Bit ng thng DN c phng trnh x y 2 0 v AB = 3AD. Tm ta
nh B.
(Trch thi th THPT Nguyn Hu, Nam nh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
De
* Gi AD = a > 0 suy ra AB = 3a BN a, AN 2a.
http://dethithu.net
Xt tam gic ABD c BD AB2 AD2 a 10
Th
Xt tam gic ADN c DN AD2 AN 2 a 5
Xt tam gic BDN c cos BDN
BD 2 DN 2 BN 2 10a 2 5a 2 a 2 7 2
2 BD.DN
10
2a 10.a 5
2
2
* BD i qua I(1; 3) c 1 vecto php tuyn l n (a; b) (a b 0) c phng trnh
* Ta c cos BDN
7 2
10
|ab|
ax by a 3b 0
3a 4b
7 2
24a 2 50ab 24b 2 0
10
4a 3b
iTh
a 2 b2 2
* Vi 3a = 4b, ta chn a = 4 nn b = 3 suy ra BD: 4x + 3y 13 = 0
D l giao im BD v DN suy ra ta D l nghim h:
4 x 3 y 13 0 x 7
D 7; 5 . V I l trung im BD nn ta c: B(-5; 11).
0
y
* Vi 4a = 3b, ta chn a = 3 nn b = 4 suy ra BD: 3x + 4y 15 = 0

D l giao im BD v DN suy ra ta D l nghim h:
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
3x 4 y 15 0 x 7
D 7;9 . V I l trung im BD nn ta c: B(9; -3).
y 9
x y2 0
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(5;11) hay B(9; 3)
Cu 170. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn
3 3
ng thng AC l E(5; 0), trung im ca AE v CD ln lt l F(0; 2), I ; . Vit phng trnh
2 2
ng thng CD.
(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn L Qu n, Bnh nh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
* Ta nh A(-5; 4). Phng trnh ng thng AC: 2x + 5y 10 = 0.
* Ta chng minh BF vung gc IF:
1
1
1
( BA BE ), FI ( FD FC ) ( AD EC )
2
2
2
Th
De
BF
Suy ra: 4 BF .FI ( BA BE )( AD EC ) BA. AD BA.EC BE AD BE.EC
iTh
Suy ra 4BF.FI BA.EC BE AD EA.EC BEBC BE2 BE2 0.

Do BF vung gc IF
* BF vung gc IF v qua F nn c phng trnh: 7x + 3y 6 = 0.
http://dethithu.net
BE vung i qua E v vung gc EF nn c phng trnh 5x 2y 25 = 0.
B l giao im ca BF v BE nn ta B th h:
7x 3y 6 0
x 7
B 7;5
5 x 2 y 25 0 y 5
* Phng trnh ng thng CD qua l 2x 24y 39 = 0.
Vy phng trnh ng thng tha yu cu bi ton l CD : 2 x 24 y 39 0
et
u.N
Cu 171. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. Gi D, E ln lt l
trung im ca cc on thng AB v AH. ng thng vung gc vi AB ti D ct ng thng CE ti
F (1;3) . ng thng BC c phng trnh l x 2 y 1 0 . Tm ta cc nh A, B, C, bit im D
thuc ng thng 3 x 5 y 0 v honh ca im D l s nguyn.

Hng dn gii :
* Gi s DE ct AC ti M. FD vung gc AB, AC vung gc AB suy ra FD // CA

Ta c:
CE EM CH
CE CH
EH / / BF BF BC
EF
ED HC
EF HB
* ng thng FB i qua F(-1; 3) v vung gc vi BC nn n nhn vecto ch phng ca ng thng

BC l u (2;1) l vecto php tuyn.
Phng trnh BF: 2( x 1) 1( y 3) 0 2 x y 1 0
* Khi ta B l nghim ca h:
http://dethithu.net
De
2 x y 1 0
1 3
5
B ;
5 5
x 2 y 1 0 y 3
V D khng thuc ng thng 3x + 5y = 0 suy ra
3d
1 3d 3
3d
D d;
3 , BD d ;

, FD d 1;
5
5
5 5 5
d 1 (tm)
3
Do BD vung gc FD nn FD.BD 0 17 d 37 d 20 0
Vy D 1;
20
d
(ktm)
5
17
Th
11 3
; .
5 5
* V D l trung im ca AB nn A
http://dethithu.net
11 3
; v vung gc AB nn c phng trnh:
5 5
12 11
3
11
x 0 y 0 x
5
5
5
5
ng thng AC i qua A
iTh
11 3
;
5 5
Khi C l giao im ca AC v BC nn C
11 3 1 3 11 3
; , B ; , C
;
5 5 5 5 5 5
et
u.N
Cu 172. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng thng AB v ng thng
cha trung tuyn AM ca tam gic ABC ln lt c phng trnh 4 x 3 y 1 0 v 7 x y 8 0 . im
E (10;3) thuc ng thng BC. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.

Hng dn gii :
4 x 3 y 1 0 x 1
* Ta im A l nghim ca h:
A 1;1
y 1
7x y 8 0
Gi F l im thuc AM sao cho EF // AB. Suy ra EF c phng trnh 4x + 3y 49 = 0.
4 x 3 y 49 0 x 1
V F thuc AM nn ta F l nghim ca h:
F 1;15
y 15
7x y 8 0
De
* ng trung trc d ca EF c phng trnh: 6x 8y + 39 = 0.

Do tam gic MAB cn ti M nn tam gic MEF cn ti M. Suy ra d i qua trung im H ca AB v trung
im M ca BC.
http://dethithu.net
x 2
6 x 8 y 39 0
1 9
* Ta M tha h:
M ;
2 2
7x y 8 0
y9
Ta c: BC 2 BM C (3; 4)
Th
6 x 8 y 39 0 x
5
* Ta H tha mn h:
2 H ;3
2
4x 3y 1 0
y 3
Ta c: AB 2 AH B(4;5)
iTh
Cu 173. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm I(2;2), im D l chn
ng phn gic trong ca gc BAC. ng thng AD ct ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC ti im M
(khc A). Tnh ta cc im A, B, C bit J(-2; 2) l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ACD v phng
trnh ng thng CM l x y 2 0 .
(Trch thi th THPT Quc Gia, Bc Ninh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
* Ta c:
http://dethithu.net
AJD 2 CAD (do tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm I).

M CAD BAD BCM CJD 2 BCM
Ta li c: CJD cn ti J nn
CJD 2 CJD 1800 2 BCM 2 CJD 1800
BCM CJD 900
Do CM vung gc CJ
* Suy ra phng trnh CJ c dang: x y + d = 0
J thuc ng thng CJ suy ra -2 -2 + d = 0 nn d = 4 suy ra CJ: x y + 4 =
0
M C l giao im gia CJ v CM nn ta C tha h:
x y 4 0 x 1
C 1;3
x y 2 0 y 3
* ng thng AC i qua im C(-1; 3) v c vecto php tuyn IJ (4;0) nn c phng trnh l
De
AC : x 1 0 A(1; a)
a 3 A(1;3) (loai)
Mt khc IA = IC 9 (a 2)2 9 1
a 1 A(1;1)
* V M thuc CM nn M(m; 2 m)
m3
M (3; 1)
Li c IM = IC (m 2)2 m2 9 1
m 1 M (1;3) (loai)
Th
ng thng BC i qua im C(-1; 3) v vung gc IM nn BC: x 3y + 10 = 0.

Do B(3b 10; b)
b3
B(1;3) (loai)
Mt khc IB = IC (3b 12) (b 2) 9 1

23 19 23
B
;
b
5 5
5
2
19 23
; , C (1;3)
5 5
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;1), B
iTh
Cu 174. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm I(1; 2) bn kinh bng 5.
Chn ng cao h t B, C ca tam gic ABC ln lt l H (3;3), K (0; 1) . Vit phng trnh ng trn
ngoi tip t gic BCHK, bit rng tung im A dng.
(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn Hong L Kha, Ty Ninh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
* Trc ht ta chng minh IA vung gc HK (vic chng minh ny xin dnh cho bn c).
* IA qua I v c vecto php tuyn l n (3;4) nn c phng trnh:
3( x 1) 4( y 2) 0 IA : 3x 4 y 11 0
* Ta c A thuc IA nn A(1 + 4t; 2 3t) vi t
2
.
3
De
t 1 (loai)
A(3;5)
Li c IA = R = 5 nn 16t 2 9t 2 25
t 1
* Ta c: AB qua K(0;-1) v A nn c phng trnh AB: 2x + y + 1 = 0.
AC qua H(3;3) v A nn c phng trnh AC: x + 3y 12 = 0
BH qua H(3; 3) vung gc AC nn c phng trnh: BH: 3x y 6 = 0.
CK qua K(0; -1) v vung gc AB nn c phng trnh: CK: x 2y 2 = 0.
3x y 6 0 x 1
* Khi ta B l nghim ca h:
B 1; 3
2
x
0
y
x 3 y 12 0 x 6
* Khi ta C l nghim ca h:
C 6; 2
y 2
x 2y 2 0
BC, bn kinh R =
7 1
. Trung im
2 2
ng trn (C) ngoi tip t gic BCHK c tm J ;
http://dethithu.net
BC
2
Th
7
1 25
Vy phng trnh ng trn tha yu cu bi ton l (C ) : x y

2
2
2
Cu 175. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c tm I v bn kinh R 10 , gi M l mt

im trn ng thng d : 2 x y 6 0 sao cho t M k c hai tip tuyn MA, MB n (C) (A, B l hai
tip im). Bit rng phng trnh ng AB l x y 0 v khong cch t im I n ng thng d bng
iTh
2 5 . Vit phng trnh ng trn (C).
(Trch thi th ln 4, THPT L Xoay, Vnh Phc, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
* Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca I trn d, ta c IH d ( I ; d ) 2 5 R 10 .

Suy ra t mt im M bt k trn d lun k c hai tip tuyn ti (C).
Gi K, J tng ng l giao im ca AB vi IH v IM. Khi K nm gia I v H.
* Hai tam gic IJK v IHM ng dng nn ta c:
IJ
IK
IK .IH IJ .IM
IH IM
Li c: IJ .IM IA2 10 IK IJ .IM 10 5

IH
2 5
De
Suy ra K l trung im IH nn KH 5
* t K(t; t) thuc ng AB. Khi :
t 11
|t 6|
d (K;d) 5
5
5
t 1
Vi t = 1 suy ra K(1; 1), khi phng trnh IH: x + 2y 3 = 0.
Ta c: H l giao im IH v d nn H(3; 0) suy ra I(-1; 2).
Vy phng trnh ng trn l: (C ) : ( x 1) 2 ( y 2) 2 10
* Vi t = 11 suy ra K(11; 11), khi phng trnh IH: x + 2y 33 = 0.

Ta c: H l giao im IH v d nn H(-7; 20) suy ra I(29; 2).
Vy phng trnh ng trn l: (C ) : ( x 29)2 ( y 2) 2 10
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l (C ) : ( x 1)2 ( y 2) 2 10 hay (C ) : ( x 29) 2 ( y 2) 2 10
Th
Cu 176. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD tm I, trn cnh BC ly im E (2; 2) sao
cho EB = AI. Gi M giao im gia ng thng EI v AB. ng trn ng knh MD ct BD ti K. Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD bit rng phng trnh ng thng AK l: (3 2 2) x y 0 , B

thuc ng thng d : 4 x y 8 0 v c honh nguyn.
http://dethithu.net
(Trch thi th s 2, Th sc trc k thi THPT Quc Gia, Facebook: Group Ton 3K, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
* Dng h trc Axy nh hnh v v t AB = a > 0 ta c A(0;0), E(a;
a 2
), C ( a; a), B( a;0), D(0; a)
2
Ta c on ME ln lt ct cc cnh ca AB, AC, BC ca ABC ti M, I, E nn theo nh

L Mnlaus,
Ta c:
EB IC MA
MA
MA
AB 2
a 2
. .
1
1 2 MA
EB M (
;0)
EC IA MB
MB MA AB
2
2
* B Ax, D Ay BD:
x y
1 BD : x y a 0
a b
Do K ng trn ng knh MD MK DK MK BD MK: x y m 0 .
MK qua M m
a 2
a 2
. Do MK : x y
0
2
2
2 2 2 2
;a
4
4
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
;a
AK a
;a
a
v EK a
4
4
4
4
K = MK BD K a
De
* Xt AK.EK 0 AK EK d[E;AK] = EK = 3
T gic KEAB l t gic ni tip c gc KBA = gc KEA = 45o
Nn AKE vung cn ti K. AE = EK 2 =
* Mt khc AEB c AE AB EB EB 2(*) . Ta c B d B(b; 4b - 8) (b Z).

2
Gii Phng trnh (*) b = 2 B(2;0).
2
EB C (2;1) . Vit phng trnh AB BC v AB qua B AB: y = 0
2
Th
Ta c BC
AB AK = A A(0; 0) v AB CD D (0; 2)
http://dethithu.net
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(0; 0), B(2; 0), C (2;1), D(0; 2)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
Cu 177. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A(2; 3) c AB = 2AC. Goi M l trung
im ca cnh AB, hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn ng thng BC l im H(4; 9). Tm ta nh B v
C.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Chuyn Ph Thng Nng Khiu KHTN, Tp H Ch Minh, nm 2013)
* t cnh AC = a > 0 AB 2 AC 2a, BC AB 2 AC 2 a 5

Tam gic ABC vung ti A. k AK vung BC ti K ta c AK l ng cao ca tam gic ABC
Suy ra
1
1
1
1
1
5
2a
2
2 2 2 AK
2
2
AK
AB AC 4a a 4a
5
Mt khc HM cng vung gc BC nn HM // AK c M l trung im AB nn HM l ng trung

bnh tam gic ABK suy ra H l trung im KB v HM
AK a
2
5
AB 2 4a 2 4a
2 BC
5
BC BH (*)
v BH
5
2
BC a 5
5
* p dng nh l lm cosin trong tam gic HBA ta c:
4a 2
2
4
a
40
AB 2 HB 2 AH 2
5
cos HBA
http://dethithu.net
2a
2 AB.HB
2.2a
5
* Ta c : BH .BC AB 2 BH
De
Mt khc cos HBA cos CBA
AB 2
2
. Do
BC
5
5
4a 2
40
5
a 2 25
2a
2.2a
5
4a 2
AB 2a
AB 2 100
2a
* t ta B(a; b). Ta c ta B tha h:
2
BH
BH 20
Th
(a 2)2 (b 3)2 100

a 2, b 13 B(2;13)
Do :
2
2
a 8, b 11 B(8;11)
(a 4) (b 9) 20
5
xC xB 2 ( xH xH )
Vi B(2; 13), t (*) suy ra
C (7;3)
5
y y (y y )
B
H
H
C
2
iTh
Tng t vi B(8;11) ta c C (2; 6)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(2;13), C (7;3) hay B(8;11), C (2; 6)
et
u.N
Cu 178. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c: AB 3 2, BC 2 2 , im E thuc
14 17
4 2
, im I ( ; ). thuc ng thng BE. Bit ng thng AC c phng
3
3 3
trnh : x - 5y + 3 =0 v cc im A, B c honh nguyn dng. Tm ta cc nh A, B, C, D ca hnh
ch nht.
(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT T K, Hi Dng, nm 2013)
on DC sao cho EC
Hng dn gii :
Nhn xt: Trc tin bn cn lu khu dng hnh theo nh t l ca bi ta c:
4 AB
2 AB
. V vy nu khng kheo lo t l m dng qua loa hnh v, bn c s
, AC
9
3
De
EC
khng pht hin c d kin ngm n cc k quan trng trong bi chnh l: EB AC . Do trnh
nhng sai st trn ta c th ly di AB tng ng 9 cm hay 9 li trn tp khi cc cnh EC, AC s
thnh EC = 4, AC = 6. V vy vic dng hnh s d dng hn rt nhiu !)
iTh
Th
BAC
BCA 900
et
u.N
* Trc ht ta chng minh AC vung gc EB.

EC 2
tan EBC BC 3
Xt:
EBC BAC . Li c
tan BAC BC 2
AC 3
Suy ra EBC BCA 90 BHC 90 ( H AC BE ) AC BE

* Do BE vung gc AC: x 5y + 3 = 0 nn BE c phng trnh: 5x + y + m = 0
0
14 17
; nn ta c m = - 29 suy ra BE : 5 x y 29 0
3 3
BE qua I
* Ta c H l giao im BE v AC nn ta H tha h:
71
5 x y 29 0
71 22
13
H ;
13 13
x 5y 3 0
y 22
13
Ta c: tam gic ABC vung ti B ng cao BH nn:
1
1
1
1 1 13
72

HB 2
2
2
2
BH
BA
BC
18 8 72
13
2
Do B thuc BE nn ta c B(b; 29 5b) nn HB 2
72
71 355
72
b
5b
13
13 13
13
Suy ra b 5 (tm) hay b
77
(ktm) nn B(5;4)
13
http://dethithu.net
* Li c A thuc AC: x 5y + 3 = 0 nn A(5a 3; a) v ta c AB 3 2

31
a
(ktm)
2
2
2
Nn: BA 18 (5a 8) (a 4) 18
nn A(2; 1)
13
a 1 Z
* Theo nh l Thales thun ta c:
De
AB AH BH 9
13
AC
AH C (7; 2)
EC HC HE 4
9
Li c AB DC D(4; 1)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(2;1), B (5; 4), C (7; 2), D(4; 1)
Cu 179. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AB l
4 x 3 y 7 0 , ng phn gic trong gc A ct cnh BC ti D , ct ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC
Th
13 7
63 8
; , ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABD c tm J ; . Tm ta im B bit honh
2 4
22 11
ti M
im B l s nguyn.
(Trch thi th THPT Tin Du 1, Bc Ninh, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
et
u.N
iTh
* Trc ht ta chng minh JB vung gc BM (phn chng minh ny bn c c th tham kho cu
173 chng ny hiu r hn).
x 1 3t
(t R) Ta c B thuc AB B(1 3b;1 4b)
* ng AB c phng trnh tham s l:
y 1 4t
11
11
MB 2 3b; 4 4b
* Do BM vung gc BJ nn ta c MB.JB 0 (*) vi

IB 41 3b; 19 4b
11
22
11
41
11
19
3b
3b 4b 4b 0
V vy (*)
2
22
4
11
b 1 Z
B(4; 3)
Suy ra: 25b 40b 15 0
b 3 Z
5
http://dethithu.net
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B (4; 3)
De
11
Cu 180. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, im F ;3 l trung im ca cnh AD.
2
ng thng EK c phng trnh 19x 8y 18 = 0 vi im E l trung im ca cnh AB, K thuc cnh
CD v KD = 3KC. Tm ta nh C ca hnh vung ABCD bit im E c honh nh hn 3.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT a Phc, H Ni, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
* t cnh hnh vung AB = a > 0. Ta c: AF AE
a
3a
, DK
2
4
et
u.N
a
a 13
a 3a
, FK DF 2 DK 2
Khi EF
4
2
2 4
2
a 17
a
V ng thi EK KB KC 2 BC 2 a 2
4
4
* p dng nh l hm s cosin trong tam gic EFK ta c:
cos FEK
* Li c: S ABC
EK 2 EF 2 FK 2
3
5
2
sin FEK 1 cos FEK

2.EK .EF
34
34
1
1
a 5
125
EF .EK .sin FEK d [ F ; EK ].EK
.
a5
2
2
2 34 5 17
x 6 8t
* EK c phng trnh tham s l: EK :
t R .
y 12 19t
Do E thuc EK nn ta c: E (6 8e;12 19e) Do xE 3 6 8e 3 e
3
8
1
e
(tm)
a
25
11
25
2
2
2
Ta c FE
6 8e 12 19e 3
2
2
2
2
e 11 (ktm)
34
2
15 11
;
4 4
5
2
Suy ra E 2; . Gi M l trung im EF suy ra M
De
* Ta c AC qua M v vung gc EF nn c phng trnh: AC: 7x + y 29 = 0

Ta c: C thuc AC nn ta C c dng C(c; 29 7c).
2
125
2
5 125
11
Mt khc: FC DF CD 5
c 26 7c
4
2
4
2
c 3
9 5
. Vy C (3;8), C ;
Do 50c 375c 675 0
9
c
2 2
2
Nhn xt C v F khc pha so vi EK nn ta nhn C(3; 8)
2
Th
http://dethithu.net
Cu 181. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh
BC, CD. Tm ta nh B v im M bit im N(0; -2), M c honh nguyn, ng thng AM c
phng trnh x + 2y 2 = 0.
(Trch thi th Kho st cht lng tnh Ph Yn, nm 2015)
et
u.N
iTh
Hng dn gii :
* t cnh hnh vung ABCD l AB = a > 0.
a 5
a
, NM
2
2
Xt nh l hm s cosin trong tam gic AMN ta c:
Khi ta c: AM = AN =
AD 2 DN 2
AM 2 AN 2 MN 2 4
3
2
cos MAN
sin MAN 1 cos MAN
2.AM.AN
5
5
1
1
a 5 3 6
.
a4
* Li c: S AMN AM.AN.sin MAN d [N; AM].AM
2
2
2 5
5
* Ta c ta im M thuc AM: x + 2y 2 = 0 suy ra M(2m 2; m)
m 0 Z
Ta c MN = 2 2 NM 8 (2m 2) (m 2) 8
m 4 Z
5
* Khi m = 0 suy ra M(-2; 0).

2
(a 2) 2 b 2 4
a 4; b 0 B(4;0)
MB 2
2
2
NB 2 5 a (b 2) 20 a 2; b 2 B(2; 2)
t B(a; b). Ta c:
De
Do B v N tri pha so vi AM nn kim tra ta nhn B(-2; 2)

Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B (2; 2)
http://dethithu.net
Cu 182. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD bit phng trnh AC l x y 1 0 ,
im G(1; 4) l trng tm tam gic ABC, im K(0; -3) thuc ng cao k t D ca tam gic ACD. Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh bnh hnh bit din tch t gic AGCD bng 32 v im A c tung dng .
(Trch thi th ln 3, THPT Qung Xng 2, Thanh Ha, nm 2015)
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
et
u.N
* Ta c DK vung gc AC: x y + 1 = 0 suy ra dng ca phng trnh DK l:

DK: x + y + m = 0. DK qua K(0; -3) suy ra m = 3. Do DK: x + y + 3 = 0
Ta c: DI 3GI d ( D; AC ) 3(G; AC ) vi D thuc DK c ta D(d; 3 d)
d 1
| d 3 d 1|
|1 4 1|
3
| 2d 4 | 6
2
2
d 5
Suy ra: D(1; -4) hay D(-5; 2)
Do :
* Ta c : S AGCD S ACD SGAC
1
1
d (D; AC).AC d (G; AC ). AC 32
2
2
Suy ra: 4d (G; AC ).AC 64 AC
* Vi D(1; -4) ta c: DI
16
16
8 2 IA 4 2 (*)
d (G; AC )
2
3
3
DG (0;8) I (1; 2) (vi I l giao im 2 ng cho AC v BD)
4
4
Li c I l trung im BD suy ra B(1; 8). Ta c A thuc AC suy ra A(a; a + 1).

a 5(tm)
Ta c (*) (a 1) 2 (a 1) 2 32 (a 1) 2 16
Do A c tung dng.
a 3(ktm)
Suy ra A(5; 6) suy ra C(-3;-2)
* Vi D(-5; 2) ta c: DI
3
3
DG (6; 2)
4
4
1 7
I ; (loi v khng thuc AC)
2 2
http://dethithu.net
Cu 183. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hai im A(3;5), B(5;3) . Xc nh ta im M trn ng
trn (C ) : ( x 1) ( y 2) 2 sao cho din tch tam gic MAB t gi tr ln nht.

2
(Th sc trc k thi s 5, Tp ch Ton Hc v Tui Tr, S 428, nm 2013)

Hng dn gii :
2
De
x 1 y 2
* Phng trnh ng trn c vit li:

1
t sin
x 1
y2
x 2 sin 1
; cos
0; 2
th
2
2
y 2 cos 2
* T ta c M 2 sin 1; 2 cos 2 (C )
http://dethithu.net
Th
2 cos 9
4
Phng trnh ng thng AB: x + y 8 = 0 . Ta c: d [ M ; AB ]

2
* din tch tam gic MAB t gi tr ln nht th d[M;AB] ln nht khi v ch khi
x0
cos 1
4
4
y 3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l M (0; 3)
iTh
Cu 184. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vi B(0; 1), C(3; 0). ng phn gic trong gc
7
v chia tam gic ABC thnh hai phn c t s din
3
ABC ca tam gic ABC ct trc tung ti im M 0;

tch bng
10
(phn cha im B c din tch nh hn phn cha im C). Tm ta im A, bit A c
11
honh m.
http://dethithu.net
(Trch c san s 2, Tp ch Ton Hc v Tui Tr, nm 2012)
et
u.N
Hng dn gii :
* Phng trnh ng phn gic gc BAC c dng:
: ax b y 0 3ax 3by 7b 0 (a 2 b 2 0)
3
d ( B; ) 10
10
|10b |
10b
10
* Ta c:
d (C; ) 11
| 9a 7b | 11
2b a 0
9
a
7
b
11
B, C khac phia so voi duong
10a(9a 7b) 0
* Chn b = -1 th a = 2. Vy phng trnh phn gic trong gc BAC l: 6x 3y 7 = 0
7
3
* Gi s A t ; 2t (t 0) . Theo tnh cht ca ng phn gic trong ta c :
10
t 7 (ktm)
AB 10
2
2
2
121AB 100 AC 105t 80t 100 0

AC 11
t 2 (tm)
2 11
;
.
3 3
Cu 185. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn c phng trnh x y 2 x 4 y 15 0 v ta
im A(1; 6) . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD ni tip trong ng trn cho, bit din
tch hnh ch nht ABCD bng 20 v im B c honh m.
2
Hng dn gii :
De
* ng trn c tm I(1; 2), bn kinh R 2 5 . Hnh ch nht ni tip trong ng trn c tm chnh
l ta im I.
* V C i xng A qua I nn ta C(3; - 2) v AC = 4 5 .
http://dethithu.net
H BH vung gc AC (H thuc AC) th S ABCD 2S ABC AC.BH BH
20
5
4 5
* Phng trnh ng thng AC: 2x + y 4 = 0.

T iu kin d(B;AC) =
5 , B nm trn ng trn (I; R) v c honh m, ta tm c ta
im B l: B(1 3;1 2 3) . Khi , D(3 3;3 2 3)
Th
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 6), B(1 3), C (3; 2), D(3 3;3 2 3)
Cu 186. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(1; 2) v (C ) : x y 2 x 4 y 1 0 . Vit phng

trnh ng trn (C) c tm A v ct ng trn (C) ti hai im phn bit M, N sao cho din tch tam gic
AMN t gi tr ln nht.
2
iTh
Hng dn gii :
* Ta thy A thuc (C) nn AB = AC. K ng kinh AA ca (C)
http://dethithu.net
* gi H l giao im AA v BC th AH =
r
vi 0 < r < 4 l bn kinh ca (C)
4
r2 2 r2
r2
r
t x = r^2/4 ta c:
nn S ABC
* do HC r
4
4
16
2
et
u.N
xxx
(4 x) 3 3 r 2 3
333
Vy phng trnh ng trn tha yu cu bi ton l (C ') : ( x 1)2 ( y 2) 2 12
S ABC 3 3
Cu 187. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c AB = 3AC. ng phn gic trong ca gc
BAC c phng trnh x y 0 , ng cao BH c phng trnh 3x y 16 0 . Hy xc nh ta cc
im A, B, C bit rng ng thng AB i qua im M (4;10) .

Hng dn gii :
http://dethithu.net
De
Th
* Gi s H l chn ng cao k t B, D l chn phn gic trong k t A.

Gi K l hnh chiu ca M qua phn gic AD v N l im i xng ca M qua AD. Khi ta c K
l trung im MN v N thuc AC.
MK AD : x y 0 MK : x y m 0 . MK qua M(4; 10) suy ra m = - 14.
Do : MK: x + y 14 = 0. Mt khc K l giao im MK v AD nn ta K tha h:

x y 0
x 7
K (7;7)
x y 14 0
y 7
Do K l trung im MN nn ta suy ra N(10; 4) thuc AC.
* Ta c AC BH : 3x y 16 0 AC : x 3 y n 0 . AC qua N(10; 4) suy ra n = 2.
iTh
Do : AC: x 3y + 2 = 0. Li c A l giao im AC v AD nn ta A tha h:

x y 0
x 1
A(1;1)
x 3y 2 0
y 1
* Ta c AB qua A(1; 1) nhn AM (3;9) 3(1;3) lm vecto ch phng c dng l:
x 1 y 1
AB : 3x y 2 0 .
1
3
http://dethithu.net
3x y 2 0
x 3
B(3;7)
Khi ta B l nghim ca h
3x y 16 0 y 7
et
u.N
* Ta c C AC C (3c 2;c) AC 3c 3; c 1 v AB (2;6)
3
Theo gi thit ta c: AB 3 AC AB 2 9 AC 2 4 36 9[(3c 3) 2 (c 1) 2 ]
1
c
5
3
1
3
5
3
Suy ra C1 3; hay C2 3; . Do B v C khc pha so vi AD nn ta nhn C1 3;
5
3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;1), B (3;7), C 3;
Cu 188. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, BC c phng trnh ng thng l
4 x 3 y 4 0 . Cc nh A, B thuc trc honh v din tch tam gic ABC bng 6. Tm ta trng tm G
cu tam gic ABC.
Hng dn gii :
De
http://dethithu.net
y0
x 1
B(1;0)
* Ta c B l giao im AB v BC nn ta B tha h:
4
x
3
y
0
y
AB
3
AB 3
cos( AB; AC )

BC
5 BC 5
Th
* Xt cos ABC
Li c: S ABC
AB
AB 2 AC 2
AB
3 AC
4
1
4 AB
AB. AC 6 AB. AC 12 AB.
12 AB 2 9 (*)
2
3
a4
Ta c A thuc trc honh nn c A(a; 0) do (*) (a 1) 2 9
a 2
iTh
* Vi A 4;0 . Ta c AC qua A 4;0 v vung gc AB nn AC: x 4 = 0.
x4 0
x 4
C 4; 4
Khi ta C l nghim ca h
4 x 3 y 4 0
y 4
4
3
Do trng tm G ca tam gic ABC l: G 3;
* Vi A 2;0 . Ta c AC qua A 2;0 v vung gc AB nn AC: x + 2 = 0.
et
u.N
x20
x 2
C 2; 4
Khi ta C l nghim ca h
4 x 3 y 4 0
y 4
4
3
Do trng tm G ca tam gic ABC l: G 1;
4
3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l G 3; hay G 1;
http://dethithu.net
Cu 189. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1; 2) , ng phn gic trong v trung
tuyn k t nh B c phng trnh ln lt l BE : 2 x y 5 0, BM : 7 x y 15 0. Tnh din tch tam
gic ABC.
Hng dn gii :
De
Th
2x y 5 0
x 2
B 2;1
* Ta c B l giao im BM v BE nn toa B tha h
7 x y 15 0 y 1
* Gi H l hnh chiu ca A ln phn gic BE v K l im i xng ca A qua BE. Khi H l trung
im AK v K thuc ng BC.
Ta c: AH vung gc BE suy ra AH: x + 2y + m = 0. AH qua A(1; 2) suy ra m = - 5.
2 x y 5 0
x 1
H 1;3 .
Do AH: x + 2y 5 = 0. Khi ta H tha h
x 2 y 5 0
y 3
Li c H l trung im AK nn ta suy ra ta K 3;4 BC
iTh
* BC qua K(-3; 4) nhn BK ( 1;3) lm vecto ch phng c dng tham s l:
x 3 t
BC :
(t R) . Ta c: C thuc BC nn C (3 c; 4 3c)
y 4 3t
c 2 3c 6
;
2
2
Li c M l trung im BC suy ra M
* Do M thuc BM nn ta c: 7
http://dethithu.net
c 2 3c 6
15 0 c 1 C 4; 7
2
2
Ta c S ABC
et
u.N
Do BC 2 10 . BC c phng trnh tng qut l: BC: 3x + y + 5 = 0
1
1 |3 25|
d [ A; BC ].BC
.2 10 10 (vdt).
2
2 12 32
Vy yu cu bi ton l S ABC 10 (dvdt )
Cu 190. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : x y 2 0, d2 : x 2 y 2 0 . Gi s d1 ,
d 2 ct nhau ti I. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M ( 1;1) , ct d1 , d 2 tng ng ti A v B sao

ch AB = 3IA.
Hng dn gii :
x y20
x 2
I 2;0
* d1 ct d 2 ti I nn ta I tha h phng trnh:
x 2 y 2 0
y 0
Chn A0 (0; 2) d1 , ta c IA0 2 2.
2
2
* Ly B0 (2 2b; b) d 2 sao cho A0 B0 3IA0 6 2 (2 2b) (b 2) 72
B0 (6; 4)
b 4
5b 4b 64 0
42 16
6
B0 ; .
b
5
5
5
* Suy ra ng thng l ng thng qua M (1; 1) v song song vi A0 B0 .
* Suy ra phng trnh : x y 0 hoc : x 7 y 6 0.
Vy phng trnh ng thng tha yu cu bi ton l x y 0 hay x 7 y 6 0
De
Cu 191. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(2;3) l mt trong hai giao im ca ng trn (C1) v
(C2) c phng trnh ln lt l x 2 y 2 13, x 2 y 2 12 x 11 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A

ct (C1) v (C2) theo hai dy cung khc nhau c di bng nhau.
Hng dn gii cch 1: S dng phng php Thales
I1 (0;0)
v (C2) c
R1 13
Th
* ng trn (C1) c
I 2 (6;0)
R 2 36 11 5
http://dethithu.net
R1 R 2 5 13
Nn ta c: | R1 R 2 | 5 13 suy ra | R1 R 2 | I1 I2 R1R 2
I1I 2 6
et
u.N
iTh
Suy ra (C1) v (C2) ct nhau ti 2 im trong c mt im chung A(2; 3).
* Gi H1, H2, I ln lt l trung im ca AA1, AA2, I1I2.
V H1, H2 l trung im ca hai dy cung AA1, AA2 I1H1 AA1, I2H2 AA2 (nh lng
knh v dy cung) I1H1 // I2H2.
Do M l trung im A1A2, I l trung im I1I2 MI l ng trung bnh ca hnh thang I1I2H1H2
AI // I1H1 // I2H2 AI d
* Ta c I l trung im I1I2 I 3;0
ng thng d qua A(2; 3) nhn IA 1;3 lm vct php tuyn c dng l:

1(x 2) 3(y 3) 0 x 3y 7 0
Vy phng trnh ng thng tha yu cu bi ton l x 3 y 7 0

Hng dn gii cch 2: S dng phng php gi im.
* Chng minh (C1) v (C2) ct nhau ti 2 im (xem cch 1).
x x 2 2x A 4 x 2 4 x1
* Gi A1 (x1; y1 ), A 2 (x 2 ; y 2 ) . Do A l trung im A1A2 1
y1 y2 2yA 6
y 2 6 y1
x12 y12 13
A1 (C1 )
2
2
A2 (C2 ) x 2 y2 12x 2 11 0
* Ta c:
x12 y12 13
2
2
(4 x1 ) (6 y1 ) 12(4 x1 ) 11 0
x12 y12 13 0 (1)
2
2
x1 y1 4x1 12y1 15 0 (2)
* Tr v theo v hai phng trnh (1) v (2) ta c: x1 3 y1 7 0
De
A d (do(*))
* t d: x - 3y + 7 = 0. Ta c: 1
d: x - 3y + 7 = 0 l phng trnh cn tm.
Ad
Hng dn gii cch 3: S dng phng php khong cch.

* Gi n (a; b), (a b 0) l vct php tuyn (vtpt) ca ng thng d. ng thng d qua

A(2;3) c dng tng qut l: a(x - 2) + b(y - 3) = 0 d: ax + by - 2a - 3b = 0
2
Th
2
AA12
2
R
[d(I
;
d)]
1
1
4
m AA1 = AA2
* Theo nh l Pi-ta-go ta c:
2
AA
R 2 [d(I ; d)]2
2
2
2
(2b 3b) 2
(4a 3b) 2
25
a 2 b2
a 2 b2
(4a 3b)2 (2a 3b)2 12(a 2 b2 ) 0 b2 3ab 0 (*)
Suy ra R [d(I1 ;d)] R 2 [d(I 2 ;d)] 13

2
1
iTh
(*)
Nhn xt a = 0
b = 0 (loi v a 2 b 2 0 ) nn vi b 0, ta chn a = 1
b0
Do (*) b 2 3b 0
b 3
* TH1: vi a = 1, b = -3 d1 : x - 3y + 7 = 0.
TH2: vi a = 1, b = 0 d2: x - 2 = 0 (loi do ta c I1I2 (6;0) n I1I2 (0; 1) nn n I1I2 .n 0 ,

Khi ng thng d tr thnh ng thng cha dy cung chung ca (C1), (C2)) .
et
u.N
CCH 4 : S dng php bin hnh (php i xng tm).
Hng dn gii cch 4:

* Xt php i xng tm A(2;3) bin im I2(6; 0) thnh im I2(-2;6), bin ng trn (C2) thnh
ng trn (C2) v bin im A2 (C2) thnh im A1 (C2).
* Khi (C1) v (C2) c dy cung AA1 chung I1I2 AA1
* ng thng d qua A(2; 3) nhn I1I2 ' 2;6 2(1; 3) lm vct php tuyn c dng l:
1(x 2) 3(y 3) 0 x 3y 7 0
De
Cu 192. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c G l trng tm, B(10;1), C (10;1)
. Xc nh ta nh A bit din tch tam gic ABG bng 20.
Hng dn gii : Gi M l trung im BC
iTh
Th
1
S ABG 2 AB.d (G; AB)

S
d ( M ; AB) MA 3
ABM
S ABM 30
* Ta c:
1
S
d
(
G
;
AB
)
GA
2
ABG
S
AB.d ( M ; AB)
ABM
2
1
Suy ra S ABC 2S ABM 60 d ( A; BC ).BC (*)
2
* Ta c BC (20;0) 20(1;0) BC 20 v ng thng BC: y 1 = 0
et
u.N
BA CA
BA.CA 0
(I)
t A(a; b). Ta c A tha h:
2 S ABC
d
(
A
;
BC
)
d
(
A
;
BC
)
BC
a 8; b 7
a 8; b 5
a 64
(a 10)(a 10) (b 1)(b 1) 0
* Do , (I)
a 8; b 7
| b 1| 6
| b 1| 6
a 8; b 5
2
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(8; 7) hay A(8; 7) hay A( 8; 5) hay A(8; 5)
Cu 193. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho im A(2;1), B(1;5), C (4;0) . Gi G, H ln lt trng tm, trc
tm ca tam gic ABC. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua ba im A, G, H.
(Th sc trc k thi s 4, Tp ch Ton Hc v Tui Tr, S 427 , nm 2013)
Hng dn gii :
De
Th
* Ta c G l trng tm tam gic ABC nn suy ra ta G(1; 2).

* Ta c AH qua H qua A(-2; 1) v nhn BC (3; 5) lm vecto php tuyn nn c dng l:
3( x 2) 5(y 1) 0 AH : 3 x 5 y 11 0
Li c BH qua B(1; 5) v nhn AC (6; 1) lm vecto php tuyn nn c dng l:
6( x 1) 1(y 5) 0 BH : 6 x y 1 0
iTh
Khi H l giao im AH v BH nn ta H tha h:

16
3x 5 y 11 0
16 23
27
H ;
27 9
6x y 1 0
y 23
9
* Gi phng trnh ng trn (C) cn tm c dng l: x 2 y 2 2ax 2by c 0
et
u.N
49
a 108
5 4a 2b c 0
A (C )
49
5 2a 4b c 0
b
Ta c: G (C )
36
5017 32
46
H (C )
25
a bc 0
9
729 27
c 54
2
2
Vy phng trnh ng trn tha yu cu bi ton l (C ) : x y
49
49
25
x y 0
54
18
54
Cu 194. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c phng trnh 2 cnh AB, AB ln
lt l x 2 y 2 0, 2 x y 1 0 . im M (1; 2) thuc on BC. Tm ta im D sao cho DB.DC c
gi tr nh nht
(Trch thi th ln 2 khi A, THPT Qunh Lu 1, Ngh An, nm 2012)
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
* Gi vecto php tuyn AB, AC, BC ln lt l: n1 (1;2), n2 (2;1), n3 (a; b)(a2 b2 0) .
Phng trnh BC qua M(1; 2) c dng: BC : a( x 1) b( y 2) 0
* Tam gic ABC cn ti A nn:
cos B cos C | cos(n1; n2 ) || cos(n2 ; n3 ) |
| a 2b |
| 2a b |
a b
5
ab
a b 5
a b
* TH1: a = - b, ta chn b = -1 suy ra a = 1 nn BC: x y + 1 = 0.
2 1
D dng suy ra ta B(0;1), C ; (khng tha mn M thuc on BC).
3 3
* TH2: a = b, ta chn b = 1 suy ra a = 1 nn BC: x + y 3 = 0.
D dng suy ra ta B(4; 1), C 4;7 (tha mn M thuc on BC).
2
iTh
* Gi trung im ca BC l I(0; 3).
BC 2
BC 2
Ta c: DB.DC DI
. Du bng xy ra khi v ch khi D I D (0;3)
4
4
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l D (0;3)
2
et
u.N
http://dethithu.net
Cu 195. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vun cn ti A, bit rng cnh huyn nm trn
ng thng x + 7y 31 = 0. im N(7; 7) thuc ng thng AC, im M(2; 3) thuc ng thng AB.
(Trch thi th ln 1, THPT Triu Sn 4, Thanh Ha, nm 2012)
Hng dn gii :
* ng thng AB c phng trnh a( x 2) b( y 3) 0 (a 2 b2 0)
Do gc ABC bng 450 nn ta c:
3a 4b
1
| a 7b |
12a 2 7ab 12b 2 0

2
50 a 2 b2
4a 3b
* Vi 3a = 4b, ta chn a = 4 suy ra b = 3. Ta c phng trnh AB: 4x + 3y + 1 = 0
V AC vung AB nn AC: 3x 4y + 7 = 0.
4x 3y 1 0
x 1
A 1;1
Ta A l nghim ca h phng trnh
3x 4 y 7 0
y 1
x 7 y 31 0
x 4
B 4;5
Ta B l nghim ca h phng trnh
4x 3y 1 0
y 5
cos 450
De
x 7 y 31 0
x 3
C 3; 4
Ta C l nghim ca h phng trnh
3x 4 y 7 0
y 4
* Vi 4a = 3b, ta chn a = 3, b = 4, ta c AB: 3x 4y 18 = 0.
V AC vung AB nn AC: 4x 3y 49 = 0.
4 x 3 y 49 0
x 10
A 10;3
3
x
4
y
18
0
y
x 7 y 31 0
x 10
B 10;3 A (!!!) loi

Ta B l nghim ca h phng trnh
3x 4 y 18 0
y 3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;1), B( 4;5), C (3; 4)
http://dethithu.net
Cu 196. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c I l giao im hai ng cho AC v BD.
2 2 10 3 2
;
. Tm ta cc
2
2
Cho im A(1; 0). Tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ICD l im J
Th
nh cn li ca hnh vung ABCD bit rng gc gia CD v trc honh nh hn 450

(Trch c san s 2, Tp ch Ton Hc v Tui Tr, nm 2012)
iTh
Hng dn gii :
* Gi di cnh hnh vung l a > 0. Bn kinh ng trn ni tip tam gic ICD l r, ta c:
a2
2 1
2S ICD
a
2
r
IC ID CD a a 2 2(1 2)
2
2 1
a a
2
d ( J ; AB) a r
* Ta c:
3 2 (1) . Phng trnh AB c dng:

a
a
d (J; AD)
2
2
AB : k ( x 1) ly 0 (k 2 l 2 0) AD : l ( x 1) ky 0
et
u.N
* p dng cng thc khong cch ta c:
2 2 10 3 2
k
1 l
l 3k
2
2
d ( J ; AB)
3 2 95 2
l
d (J; AD)
2 2
10 3 2
k
l
1 k
2
2
2
http://dethithu.net
95 2
)
2
Do AB // CD nn gc gia AB v trc honh nh hn 450 tc gi tr tuyt i ca h s gc ca
ng AB nh hn 1. Do ch c cp k 1, l 3 tha mn suy ra AB: x 3y 1 = 0.
Ta chn ( k 1, l 3) hay (k 1; l
De
* Phng trnh ng thng IJ qua J v vung gc AB c dng l:
2 2
10 3 2
3 x
y
0 IJ : 3x y 8 0 .
2
2
5 1
Giao im gia IJ v AB l H ; B 4;1 . T tm c C(3; 4), D(0; 3).
2 2
Th
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B 4;1 , C (3; 4), D(0;3)
Cu 197. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD c hai y l AB v CD. Bit AB = BC, ta
im A(2;3) , ng phn gic ca gc ABC c phng trnh l x y 1 0 , hnh chiu vung gc ca
29 8
nh B trn ng thng CD l im H ; . Tm ta cc nh B, C, D bit din tch hnh thang
5 5
ABCD bng 12.
iTh
http://dethithu.net
Hng dn gii :
* Tam gic ABC cn ti B nn AC vung gc ng thng d suy ra AC: x + y 5 = 0.
x y 5 0 x 3
I (3; 2)
* Gi I l giao im ca AC v d, nn ta I l nghim ca h:
x y 1 0
y 2
* Li c I l trung im AC nn ta c ta C (4;1) .
et
u.N
9 3 3
(3;1) lm vecto php tuyn c dng l:
ng thng BH qua H v nhn HC ;
5 5 5
29
8
x
y
5
5 BH : 3x y 9 0
3
1
3x y 19 0 x 5
B(5; 4) .
* Khi ta B l nghim ca h
x y 1 0
y 4
Ta c: AB 10, BH
4 10
1
S ABCD BH ( AB CD ) CD 2 10 2 AB .
5
2
4 xD 2(5 2)
x 2
* Suy ra DC 2 AB
D
D(2; 1) .
1 yD 2(4 3)
yD 1
http://dethithu.net
De
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l B(5; 4), C (4;1), D(2; 1)
Cu 198. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh x 2 y 2 2 x 4 y 1 0 v

im A(4;1) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d ct (C) ti hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC u.
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
http://dethithu.net
* ng trn (C) c tm I(1; -2) v bn knh R 6 .

* V AB = AC v IB = IC nn IA l ng trung trc ca cnh BC suy ra d vung gc IA. Do ng
thng d nhn IA (3;3) 3(1;1) lm vecto php tuyn.
* p dng nh l hm s csin cho tam gic IAB ta c:
et
u.N
AB 2 6 AH 3 2
IB IA AB 2 IA. AB.cos IAB AB 3 6 AB 12 0

3 2
AB 6 AH 2
2
* Trng hp 1: AH 3 2 AI H I H (1; 2) d : x y 1 0
* Trng hp 2: AH
3 2 AI
5 1
H l trung im AI H ; d : x y 2 0
2
2
2 2
Vy phng trnh ng thng yu cu bi ton l d : x y 2 0 hay d : x y 1 0
Cu 199. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c I, K tng ng l trung im ca cnh
10
3MC
, bit im G 1;
AD v BC. im M nm trn cnh CD sao cho MD
l trng tm ca tam
5
3
gic BDK v ng thng IM c phng trnh 3 x y 11 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng BD.
http://dethithu.net
Hng dn gii :
Th
De
* Ta c: IM .DL ( ID DM )( DC CL) ID.DC ID.CL DM .DC DM .CL
Suy ra IM .DL 0 ID.CL DM .DC 0 (do ID DC , DM CL)

1 3a 3a
a. .a 0 DL IM DL : x 3 y 11 0
2
4
8
11
x 3 y 11 0
11 22
5
H ;
* Khi ta H l nghim ca h:
.
22
5
5
3x y 11 0
y
5
1
1
1
4 64 100
3a
2 2 2 DH
(vi a = AB > 0)
Mt khc
2
2
2
DH
DI
DM
a 9a
9a
10
Suy ra IM .DL
iTh
Do , DL DC 2 CL2 a 2
* V vy
9a 2 5a
2 DL 5a
DG
16
4
3
6
et
u.N
DH
9
9
5 10
DH
DG D(4; 5) DG
a 2 10 .
DG 25
25
3
t 3 I (3; 2)
Ta c I IM I (t ;3t 11) v ID 10 (t 4) (3t 6) 10 7
t I 7 ; 34
5
5 5
2
* M IG 4 JG , do .
Vi I (3; 2) J(0; 3) JD (4; 2) BD : x 2 y 6 0
7 34
2 21
22 4
Vi I ;
J ;
JD ; BD : 2 x 11y 47 0
5 5
5 5
5 5
Vy phng trnh ng thng yu cu bi ton l d : x 2 y 6 0 hay d : 2 x 11y 47 0
Cu 200. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im M nm trn cnh BC sao cho
MC 2MB , trn tia i ca DC ly im N sao cho NC 2ND . Bit im D(1; 3) , im A nm trn
ng thng d : 3x y 9 0 v phng trnh ng thng MN l 4 x 3 y 3 0 . Tm ta cc nh cn
li ca hnh ch nht ABCD.
http://dethithu.net
Hng dn gii :
De
* Gi E l giao im ca AD v MN. Khi ED l ng trung bnh ca tam gic MCN

MC BC AD
3ED AD (*)
Suy ra ED
2
3
3
Th
a 3e 2
a 2
4e
* Ta c A d A(a;3a 9), E MN E e; 1 . T (*)
3a 4e 6 e 0
Suy ra A(2;3) AD (3; 6) 3(1; 2) CD : x 2 y 7 0
4 x 3 y 3 0 x 3
N 3; 5
* Khi ta im N l nghim ca h
x 2 y 7 0
y 5
* Do D l trung im ca CN nn ta c C(5; -1) m BC AD B (2;5)
iTh
Cu 201. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AB < AC, ng trn tm D bn knh
22 7
CD ct cc ng thng AC, AD ln lt ri cc im E ; v F (0; 1) . Bit im D nm trn
13 13
ng thng d : x y 7 0 . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht ABCD.
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
Hng dn gii :
* Ta c D d D(d ; d 7) . V E, F thuc ng trn (T) nn DE = DF
2
22
84
DE DF d d d 2 (d 6) 2 d 2 D(2; 5)
13
13
CD : x 2 y 12 0
* Suy ra FD (2; 4) 2(1; 2) AD : 2 x y 1 0

(T ) : ( x 2) 2 ( y 5) 2 20
x 2 y 12 0
x 6; y 3
C (6; 3)
* Ta im C l nghim ca h
2
2
x 2; y 7 C (2; 7)
( x 2) ( y 5) 20
De
Do C v E cng pha so vi ng AD nn ta nhn C(6; -3)

56 32 8
AC qua C
AC : 4 x 7 y 3 0
* Ta c EC ;
7; 4
13 13 13
4 x 7 y 3 0
A(1;1) .
2 x y 1 0
Ta c: AB DC B(3;3)
Th
Cu 202. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 30, hai im E (3;3) ,
im F nm trn ng thng BC. Hnh chiu vung gc ca im D trn ng thng AF l im
1
14 3
H ; . Bit im M ;0 l trung im ca cnh AD v ng thng BC c h s gc l mt s
2
5 5
http://dethithu.net
nguyn. Tm ta ca hnh ch nht ABCD.
et
u.N
iTh
Hng dn gii :
* Tam gic HAD vung ti H c MH l trung tuyn nn AD 2MH 3 5
Ta c: S ABCD AB. AD 30 AB 2 5 d (M ; BC) 2 5
* ng thng BC i qua E nn phng trnh c dng ax by 3a 3b 0 .
a
3a 3b
2
a 2b (tm)
2 5 31a 2 84ab 44b 2 0
a 2 b2
31a 22b (ktm)
Suy ra BC : 2 x y 9 0 AD : 2 x y 1 0 . Ta c A AD A(a; 2a 1)
Ta c d ( M ; BC ) 2 5
2
a 1 A(1; 3)
3 5
1
45
* AM
a (2a 1)2
2
2
4
a 2 A(2;3)
M
D(2;3) . Phng trnh ng thng AB l x 2y 7 = 0.
Vi A(1; 3)
x 2 y 7 0
B(5; 1)
Ta B l nghim ca h
2 x y 9 0
x 2 y 8 0
C(2;5)
Phng trnh ng thng CD l x 2y + 8 = 0 v ta C tha
2 x y 9 0
* Vi A(2;3) , gii tng t ta c D(1; 3), B(2;5), C (5; 1)
D(2;3), B(2;5), C (5; 1), A(1; 3)

A(2;3), B(2;5), C (5; 1), D(1; 3)
De
Cu 203. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD, trn tia i ca tia BA ly im E sao cho
EB 2 AB v trn cnh AD ly im F sao cho DF 3AF . Cc ng thng CE, CF tng ng c
phng trnh l 4 x 3 y 20 0 v 2 x 11 y 10 0 .Bit im M (2; 4) nm trn ng thng AD, tm
ta cc nh ca hnh vung ABCD.
http://dethithu.net
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
4 x 3 y 20 0
x 5
C(5;0)
* Ta im C l nghim ca h
2 x 11y 10 0 y 0
et
u.N
ID CD 1
. t AB = a > 0. Ta c
* Gi I l giao im ca AD v CE:
IA AE 3
AD a
ID 2 2
DF 3 AD 3a
4
4
5a
IF ID DF 4
IF CF suy ra tam gic ICF cn ti F.
* Ta c:
5
a
2
2
CF CD DF
4
* Gi vecto php tuyn ca ng thng AD l n (a; b) (a 2 b 2 0) .
Ta c: cos FIC cos FCI cos(n; nCE ) cos(nCF ; nCE )
| 4a 3b |
| 4.2 3.11|
5 125
5 a b
a 2b AD : 2 x y 0
Nn | 4a 3b | 5(a 2 b 2 ) 11a 2 24ab 4b 2 0
11a 2b (ktm)
* Phng trnh ng thng CD: x 2y 5 = 0.
2
x 2 y 5 0 x 1
D(1; 2)
Ta im D l nghim ca h
2 x y 0
y 2
4 x 3 y 20 0 x 2
I (2; 4)
Ta im I l nghim ca h
2 x y 0
y 4
* Ta c: DA 2 ID A(1; 2) , AB DC B(3; 4)
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 2), B(3; 4), C (5;0), D(1; 2)
De
Cu 204. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD ni tip ng trn (C). Gi M l trung
10 1
im ca cnh AB, ng thng CM ct ng trn (C) ti E (0; 2) . Bit G ; l trng tm ca tam
3 3
gic ABC, im F (2; 4) nm trn ng trn (C) v m B c honh dng. Tm ta cc nh ca
hnh ch nht ABCD.
http://dethithu.net
et
u.N
iTh
Th
Hng dn gii :
IE IF
* Gi I(a; b) l tm hnh ch nht ABCD. Ta c:
IE 3IG
41 3
a 2 (b 2) 2 (a 2)2 (b 4) 2
41
3
;
y
I 8 ;8
8
8
2
2
2
1
10
2
5 1
x 5 ; y 1
a (b 2) 9 x 9 y
3
3
I ;
2
2
2 2
1 1
5 1
41 3
* Vi I ; , IB 3IG B ; (ktm) .Vi I ; , IB 3IG B 5; 2 D(0; 3)
4 4
2 2
8 8
10 5
* Ta c: EG ; nEG (1; 2) EF : x 2 y 4 0 .
3 3
2
5
5
1
25
IB
(C ) : x y
. Ta im C l nghim ca h:
2
2
2
2
2
2
5
1 25
x 0, y 2 (ktm)
x y
C (6; 1) A(1;0)
2
2
2
x 6; y 1 (tm)
x 2 y 4 0
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1;0), B(5;0), C (6; 1), D(0; 3) .

Cu 205. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im E nm trn cnh BC, phng
2
De
1
25
trnh ng trn ngoi tip ABE l x ( y 1) 2

v phng trnh ng thng
2
4
DE : 3x 4 y 18 0 . Bit im M (0; 3) nm trn ng thng AB, tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch

nht ABCD.
http://dethithu.net
Hng dn gii :
iTh
Th
5
1
* ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABE c tm I ;1 , bn knh R .
2
2
et
u.N
1
25
x
( y 1)2
Ta im E l nghim ca h phng trnh

2
4 E (2;3)
3x 4 y 18 0
* Do tam gic ABE vung ti B nn I l trung im ca AE suy ra A(-1; -1).
Suy ra AM (1; 2) AB : 2 x y 3 0 BC : x 2 y 4 0 AD : x 2 y 1 0
2 x y 3 0 x 2
B(2;1) .
* Ta B l nghim ca h
x 2 y 4 0 y 1
x 4
3x 4 y 18 0
3
Ta D l nghim ca h
3 D 4;
2
x 2 y 1 0
y 2
xC xD xA xB 3
7
* Ta c BC AD
7 C 3;
2
yC yD y A yB 2
7 3
Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(1; 1), B(2;1), C 3; , D 4;
2 2

(DeThiThu - Net) Tu Duy Giai 205 Bai Toan Hinh Oxy

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http://dethithu.net - Website Thi Th THPT Quc Gia - Ti Liu n Thi.Cp nht lin tc.Truy cp ti ngay!

PHNG PHP T DUY GII 205 BI HNH HC PHNG OXY

Cu 1. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c AD = 2AB, gi M, N ln lt l trung

Bi ton trn c th chia thnh hai bc:

Cch 1: Chng minh KDC ACD 90 (chng minh tng 2 gc trong

Cch 2: Vn vi tng nh cch 1, ta chng minh HDC ACD 90 suy ra DHC 90

a.b | a | .| b | .cos(a, b) . C th trong bi ny ta s gi M = BC KD chuyn bi ton chng minh

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_ Sau khi vit c phng trnh AD tm c ta im A ta tm M ta tm I

Hng dn gii chng minh AC KD : Gi H = AC KD

* Cch 1: Ta c MKD = ACD (c-g-c) DAC MKD .

Ta c: DAC ACD 90 MKD ACD 90 HDC ACD 90

Suy ra DHC 90 HCD H AC KD ti H

Ta c: DAC ACD 90 KDE ACD 90 HDC ACD 90

Suy ra DHC 90 HCD H AC KD ti H

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AD.CD 0 (do AD CD)

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(theo nh l thun Thales) HD KH HD KH

ng thng AD qua D c dng l: a(x - 1) + b(y + 3) = 0

Mt khc cos CAD | cos( AD; AC ) |

Suy ra (2a b) 2 4(a 2 b 2 )

Loi v A c tung dng.

Gi I l tm hnh ch nht ABCD, ta c MK 3MI I (2; 1)

Mt khc I l trung im AC v BD B(3;1) v C(3; -3)

Hng dn gii hng th 2:

* Ta c A AC: 2x + y - 3 = 0 A(a; 3 - 2a).

Do A c tung dng nn 3 - 2a > 0 a

Mt khc AK KD 5 KH 5 d [ K ; AC ] 5 . | 5.2 1.1 3 | 2 5

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* Gi I l tm hnh ch nht ABCD I l trung im AC v BD v I(2;-1)

(Trch thi th khi A, THPT Chuyn L T Trng, Cn Th, nm 2014)

nn d vung AD vit phng trinh AD AD BD D nn ta tm c ta im D.

AD i qua A(4;0) v vung gc vi d : 2 x 8 y 5 0 suy ra phng trnh AD : 4 x y 16 0

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Do ta ca B(-1; 3) v C(-2; -1)

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suy ra A(1;3), B(3; 1)

* Phng trnh CD qua D v nhn IM lm vecto php tuyn v C l giao im gia AC v CD nn ta

Vy ta cc im tha yu cu bi ton l: A(1;3), B(3; 1), C (4; 7), D(7; 4)

Khi , AB qua M v nhn IM (1; 1) c phng trinh: x y 0

Mt khc phng trnh MC l MC : x y 2 0 .

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V C(2;0) cng pha vi M so vi I nn khng tha mn. Ta nhn C (2; 4)

Khi , AB qua M v nhn IM ;

Mt khc phng trnh MC l MC : x 7 y 14 0 .

* Gi N l im i xng vi M qua AD, ng thng MN qua M(0; 2) v vung gc AD c phng

Ta giao im K ca MN v AD l K ; suy ra ta N (1;1)

* V AD l phn gic trong gc A, M thuc AB nn N thuc AC. Do AC qua N v vung gc BH

* ng thng AB qua A v M c phng trnh l 3x 4 y 8 0 .

* Ta c MC 2 nn C thuc ng trn (C) tm M, bn kinh MC 2 . Ngoi ra C thuc AC nn

Vy ta im tha yu cu bi ton l A(4;5), B 3;

Cu 6. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c A(5; 7) , im C thuc ng

(Trch thi th THPT Chuyn Vnh Phc, nm 2014)

y ta c th tham s ha C theo ng thng x y + 4 = 0 v ng thi biu din ta I theo A v C.

* Ta c C x y 4 0 C (c; c 4) , M l trung im AB v I l giao im AC v DM.

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. Trung im ca cnh AD l giao

d1 vi trc honh. Xc nh ta bn nh ca hnh ch nht.

(Trch thi th ln 2, THPT Thanh Chng 3, Ngh An, nm 2013)

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V M, I cng thuc d1 suy ra AD d1 .

(Trch thi th khi A, THPT Bm Sn, Thanh Ha, nm 2013)