Cho mng c v cc

Bn n vi bi thuyt
Trnh ca nhm chng em!

HNH THI GII PHU

THC VT HC
NI DUNG: C QUAN SINH DNG
Tit 3, Bi 6: L Cy
Ging vin: Nguyn Phan Hng n

Thng 03 nm 2016

Chuyn nghnh: Dc s
Lp: C Dc 5A
Thnh vin trong nhm:
1.H Th Hng
2.L Th l
3.ksoen

C QUAN SINH DNG

MC TIU
- Nu c nh ngha v l
- Phn tch c hnh thi cu to gii phu l
- Nu c cu to gii phu ca l lp ngc lan
v l cy lp hnh

L cy

NH NGHA
L l mt c quan sinh dng ca cy, mc c hn trn
thn hoc cnh, c cu to i xng i vi mt mt
phng, c dng phin dt, thc hin chc nng dinh
dng rt quan trong: quang hp, h hp v s thot hi
nc

Mt s chc nng chuyn Ha ca l:

+ Nng
+ Bo v
+ by thc n
+ sinh sn

Hnh thi
ca l

Cu to gii
phu l

Hin tng
rng l

ng dng

Hnh thi l
1. Cc phn ca l
- a s l cy ht kn gm 3
b Phn chnh:
Phin l
Cung l
B l ( l km)

Hnh thi l
1.1. Cung l

Cung l l phn ni phin l vo thn hoc cnh cy

Gc hp bi thn hoc cnh v cung l gi l nch l
nch l mc ra chi, chi c th ra hoa hoc nhnh
Mt s cy gc l nh trc tip vo thn gi l l nh gc
Phn gc cung l phnh to m ly thn gi l b l
Ngoi ra cn c l khng c cung nh ( l cy la, l cy ng,
Hoc phin l men dn xung lm cho ranh gii ca cung v phin
L khng r rt nh: cy ru dip, cy a hong.
Cung l c th c cnh nh : l cy bi.

Hnh thi l
1.2. Phin l

Thng l dt, mng, rng, gm c hai mt:

mt trn gi l Mt bng, mt di gi l
mt lng mu xanh lc, trn phinl l cc
Gn l, ni mang cc b mch
Gm c 2 phn: tht l v gn l

Hnh thi l

1.2.1. tht l: cu to bi nhu m. C hai dng nhu m l nhu m

Du v nhu m khuyt

Hnh thi l
1.2.2. Gn l: chnh l h thng mch dn ca l.

- Gm c: gn chnh i t y l v gn ph i t gn chnh
- Vai tr: mang nha nguyn n l v chuyn nha luyn
n cc b phn khc ca cy.
- Gn l l khung nng l, trong c cc kh mch, m
Nng
- Da vo hnh dng mch dn phn b trn phin l m
Ngi ta phn bit thnh cc dng gn l:
Gn hnh mng: c trng cho thc vt hai l mm

Hnh thi l
Mt s dng in hnh ca gn hnh mng:
+ Gn dng lng chim: gm mt gn chnh gia v nhiu gn
Ph 2 bn gn chnh

L v sa

L mt

Hnh thi l
+ L 1 gn: phin l rt hp, ch c 1 gn duy nht

Cy thng

I. Hnh thi l

+ Gn dng chn vt: gm mt s gn c kch thch tng i ng

u cng xut pht u cung l v ta ra ti ba cung l.

L xa k

I. Hnh thi l
+ Gn hnh lng: thng c dng hnh trn, cung l nh
Vo phn phin l ngay gia l.

L sen

Hnh thi l
+ Gn hnh cung: mt s gn xut hin y phin l, chy theo
ng vng cung v gp nhau cht phin l.

L trm

Hnh thi l
+ Gn song song: c trng cho l thc vt 1 l mm, l thng
C hnh di v h thng gn l gm nhiu gn kch thc tng
i ng u chy dc theo chiu di phin l.

Cy r qut

Cy ng ( bp)

Hnh thi l

+ Trng hp l kim thc vt ht trn ch c 1 gn duy nht

L thng cha c mu xanh lc do cha cht dip lc, nhn
Cng c khi c mu xanh, khng dip lc nh vy ca cc thn
Hnh, thn r hoc mu ca dip lc b che lp bi cc st t
Khc nh: l cy thi li ta, cy le bn.
Mt s l cy khng c phin l, cung l, cnh cy phi bin
i thnh phin l lm nhim v quang hp nh cy li lim
Cy tng t, cy thin mn ng.

Hnh thi l
1.3. B l: l phn rng bn di cung l m ly thn hoc cnh cy

Phn ln l khng c b
L c th khng c b l, khi cung l gn trc tip vo thn
L c 3 b phn trn c gi l l .
* Ngoi 3 phn chnh trn, l cn c nhng b phn ph nh:

L km: l nhng b phn nh, mc 2 bn gc cung l

L km c th rt pht trin hoc thu hp thnh gaiS c mt
ca l km l c im quan trng phnLoi thc vt, gip ta
nhn dng c 1 s h: h bng, H hoa hng, h c ph

Hnh thi l
Li nh: l 1 mng mng, nh, c khi khng mu, mc ch
Phin l ni vi b l.i khi li nh nh 1 ln lng.S c mt
ca li nh l 1 c im c trng ca h la, gng.
B cha: l mng mng m ly thn cy pha trn ch cung
l nh vo thn.B cha l c im c trng ca h rau rm.

Hnh thi l
2. Cc kiu l cy
L c 2 kiu l n v l kp

2.1. l n:
Cung l khng phn nhnh v ch mang mt phin duy nht
Mch cun L c 1 chi
Cung v phin l rng cng lc, li vt so trn thn hoc
cnh
Da vo hnh dng phin l ngi ta phn bi nh sau:

L hnh trn: chiu di v chiu rng bng nhau ( l Sen)

L hnh bu dc: chiu di ca l vt chiu rng 1,5-2

ln, phn rng nht gia l (l cy To)

Hnh thi l

L hnh trn

L hnh bu dc

Hnh thi l

L hnh trng: phn rng ca phin v pha cung l ( l Ta t)

L hnh trng ngc: phn rng ca phin v pha cung l ( l cy
Bng)
L hnh mi mc: l nhn, phn rng nht gia phin l ( l Trc
o)
L hnh di: phin l hp v di ( l S, l La)
L hnh kim: l Thng
L hnh ng: l Hnh ta
L hnh mi tn: l Rau mung
L hnh thn: l rau M
L hnh tim: l Dp c, l Tru khng

Hnh thi l
L hnh tha: l M
L hnh qut: l cy c, Bch qu
L hnh li lim: l Bach n
L hnh nhiu cnh: l Bt gic lin
L hnh gm: l La n, R qut

Hnh thi l
Da vo hnh dng ca mp l phn bit:
L nguyn: mp phin l khng b kha ( l cy Thng thin).
L kha rng ca: mp phin l b ct thnh tng rng, c l kha
rng nhn ( cy Bc h), c l kha rng trn ( l cy Rau M).
L thy: vt kha khng su ti phin l. C 2 loi: l thy hnh
lng chim ( l cy Trng nguyn), v l thy hnh chn vt ( l cy
Bng).
L ch: vt kha vo ti phin l. C 2 loi: l ch hnh lng chim (
l cy ch mu) v l ch hnh chn Vt ( l cy San h).
L chia: vt kha su qu phin l. C 2 loi: l chia hnh lng
chim ( l Ngi cu) v l chia hnh chn vt ( l cy Sn).

Hnh thi l
L x: vt kha vo tn st gn l. C 2 loi: l x hnh lng chim
( l cy Tha l) v l x hnh chn vt ( l cy La lt).
Mt s dng mp phin l hay gp

Hnh thi l

Cc dng ca u l:
L c u nhn ( l cy Dm bt)
L c u t ( l cy To)
L c u trn ( l cy Bo Nht Bn)
L c u lm ( l cy Mung bin)
L c mi nhn di ( l B )
Da vo hnh dng ca gc l phn bit:
L c gc nhn ( l cy Cc tn)
L c gc trn ( l cy a)
L c gc hnh mi tn ( l cy Chc)
L c gc lch v mt bn ( l cy C c dc)
L c gc hnh tim ( l cy Tru khng)

Hnh thi l
2.2. L kp
L l c cung phn nhnh, mi nhnh mang mt phin l gi l l
cht. Hoa, qu, tri khng mc k l cht. C 2 loi l kp:
L kp hnh lng chim, cc l cht u n hai bn cung chnh.
Da vo s lng l cht m phn bit: l kp hnh lng chim l ( l
cy Hoa hng) v l kp hnh lng chim chn ( l cy Nhn). Da
vo s ln phn chia theo kiu lng chim m phn bit.
L kp hnh lng chim chn: cung chung khng tn cng bng 1 l
cht.

Hnh thi l
L kp hnh lng chim l: cun chung tn cng bng 1 l cht
L kp hnh lng chim 1 ln: cun chung mang 2 l cht
L kp hnh lng chim 2 ln: cun chung mang hai hng cung ph
v mi cung ph mang 2 hng l cht.
L kp hnh chn vt, u ngn cung l chnh phn thnh nhiu
nhnh xe ra, mi nhnh mang mt l ph ( l cy Cao su, l cy
Chn chim).

Hnh thi l
4. Cc l bin i
L cy c th bin i hinh dng thch nghi vi nhng hon cnh sinh
sng khc nhau:
L cy bin i thnh vy: c th mng v dai lm nhim v bo
v ( thn r cy Gng, cy Ging) hoc dy ln mng nc lm
nhim v d tr ( cy hnh, cy Ti).
L bin i thnh gai gim bt s thot hi nc hoc bo v
cy nh gai cy Sng rng, l cy Hong lin gai ( l bin i thnh
gai c 3 nhnh).
L bin i thnh tua cun lm cho cy c th leo c nh l cht
ngn l kp ca cy u h lan bin i thnh tua cun.

Hnh thi l
L cy n tht bin i thch nghi vi iu kin bt mi nh cy
Np m c hnh bnh to cha dch tiu ha cn trng ri vo.

5. Cch sp xp ca l trn cnh

C 3 cch mc ca l trn cnh:
L mc so le ( mc cch): mi mu ch mang mt l ( l cy M, l
Gc)
L mc i: mi mu mang hai l i nhau ( l Kim ngn, l C
ph). Nu l hai mu lin tip thng gc vi nhau ta gi l l mc
i cho ch thp ( l cy Bc h, l cy Ta t).

Hnh thi l
L mc vng: mi mu mang ba l tr ln ( l cy Trc o, l cy
Sa)Mt s trng hp thn cy rt ngn ho khng c thn cy, l s
xp thnh hoa th st mt t ( l M , l cy Ch thin).

Hnh thi l
L mc so le

L mc i
L mc vng

Hnh thi l
Vd. Phn bit l n v l kp

L n

L kp

Cu to gii phu ca l
c im ca l:
l cu to i xng qua mt mt phng v khng c cu to cp II
do l mc c hn. l im khc hn vi r v thn cy c cu
to cp II v i xng qua mt trc.

1. L cy lp ngc lan
1.1. Cu to ca phin l

Cu to gii phu ca l
L:
Phin l
c im ca cy thuc lp h Ngc Lan l cc gn l c hnh
lng chim, nn thng l chia thnh hai phn: phn li gia l
gn chnh v phn phin hai bn. Phin l chnh gm cc phn
sau:
Biu b: gm c nhiu biu b trn v biu b di, cu to
bi mt lp t bo, khng c lc lp, mng ngoi ha cutin
hoc sp hoc long, v c bit c nhiu l kh.

Cu to gii phu ca l

Tht l: l lp m mm nm gia hai lp biu b, c cha cht dip

lc lm nhim v ng ha cho cy.Trong tht l thng gp hai
loi
m mm l m mm hnh giu v m mm hnh khuyt. ty theo cch
sp xp ca hai loi m mm ny, ta phn bit hai kiu cu to l
cu to ng th hoc d th. Cu to ng th ngha l gia hai lp
biu b ch c mt loi m mm thng l m khuyt. Cch cu to ny
gp cc loi lnhn nh sang ng u hai mt hay nhng cy
mng n cy nh cy Thuc bng. Cu to d th l hai lp biu b c
hai loi m mm.

Cu to gii phu ca l
Nu di biu b trn l m mm giu, trn biu b di l m mm
khuyt,ta gi l cu to d th bt i xng, kiu ny thng gp
l nm ngang,nhn nh sng mt trn nhiu hn mt di. Nu mt
trn v mt di l cu to bi m mm hnh giu, gia hai m mm
ny l m mm khuyt, ta c cu to d th i xng. Thng gp
cu to d th bt i xng. mt vi loi cy ngay di lp biu b
trn c mt vi lp t bo khng cha lc lp gi l h b, l m
va cha nc va c nhim v gip cc t bo cha lc lp pha
di trnh nh nng qu gay gt Mi cy li c nhng c im ring,
ta c th da vo kim nghim cc l cy thuc: long tit hnh
da, c trng cho cc cy h Hoa mi;ng tit trong cc h cy Hoa
tn; h b c trng cho l cy Trc o.

Cu to gii phu ca l
Tinh th calci oxalate hnh cugai trong l Trc o hay hnh thoi
trong l bi; nang thch calci carbonat thng gp trong l a.Trong
phin l cn c cc gn ph, cc gn ph thng b ct xo, c th
quan st cc mch g theo chiu dc
Gn gia thng ch li mt di cn mt trn phng hoc lm,
c khi li ln c 2 mt (l cy Long no, Bch n).Cu to gn
gia: Ngoi cngl hai lp biu b trn v biu b di.

Cu to gii phu ca l
. Di biu b thng l lp m dy c nhim v nng . Lp m
mm v c th cha cac ti tit, th cng, tinh th. B libe g c th
xp thnh mt hnh cung hoc mt hnh trn, libe ngoi, g
trong. Xung quanh b libe g c lp ni b, tr b tng i r. Pha
trong g l m mm rut.

Cu to ca phin l ngc lan

Cu to gii phu ca l
1.2. cu to ca cung l
Biu b: cu to bi nhng t bo sng hnh ch nht xp theo
chiu di ca cung l, i kh c1 lng che ch hoc lng tit.
M dy: di nhng ch li ln ca biu b, lm nhim v nng
.
M mm v: gm nhiu lp t bo m mm c dip lc, c th
gp ng tit, th cng

Cu to gii phu ca l
Cc b dn libe g: cng v phin l, cac1 b dn cng gim i.
B dn c th xp theo mt vng cung hay vng trn nhng
lun lun c i xng vi 1 mt phng, b to pha di, b
nh pha trn.
Pha trong g l mt m mm rut.

Cu to gii phu ca l
1.3. cu to ca b l
ging nh cu to ca phin l c biu b c hai mt, gia l m
mm dip lc ng cc b libe g xp theo hnh vng cung.

2. cu to gii phu lp cy lp hnh

Thng l khng cung, ch c b v phin l. Cu to c nhng
c im in hnh sau y:
Rt nhiu b g libe xp thnh 1 hng trong phin l, tng ng vi
cc gn l song song, gn gia thng to hn cc gn ph.
Hai lp biu b u c l kh.

Cu to gii phu ca l
Tht l thng cu to ng ha bi 1 loi m mm.
Khng c m dy nn m cng thng pht trin nhiu to thnh
nhng ct nng , ni lin b libe g vi biu b hoc to thnh 1
bao xung quanh mi b mch.

Hin tng rng l

Thi gian sng Ca l thng ngn
L dn gi i v rng xung.
Lc lp trong l b ph hy v bin
Thnh mu vng
S rng l bao gm cc qu trnh
Phn chia v bin i vch TB ti 1 vng
Trong cung l gi l lp phn cch
Cc TB lp phn cch ha bn, vch
s cp trng ln, ha nhy.

Cng dng ca l
Rt nhiu l cy dng lm thuc: cha cc bnh nh au d
Dy( la khi), cha bnh hen suyn ( c c dc);.

Ht

cm n c v cc bn
lng nghe..