O

RN

O
I H

ti TM HIU V
IN TON M MY
Sinh vin thc hin:
Phm Hi ng
L Trng Sn
Trn Nguyn Duy Tng
Trn Th Hoi Thng

io vin hng dn:

Nguyn Trng Ngha

[Type text]

Cn
h
23-04-2013

Page 0

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
MC LC
TM TT NI DUNG V GII THIU TI ..................................................2
CHNG I: IN TON M MY ...................................................................3
1.

nh ngha .....................................................................................................3

2.

Cc c im ca in ton m my ...........................................................4

3.

4.

2.1

T Sa Cha ...........................................................................................4

2.2

Nhiu ngi s dng ...............................................................................4

2.3

Kh nng m rng tuyn tnh .................................................................4

2.4

Hng dch v.........................................................................................4

2.5

iu khin SLA(Service level agreement) .............................................5

2.6

Kh nng o ha ......................................................................................5

2.7

Linh hot: ................................................................................................5

u v nhc ca m hnh in ton m my.............................................5

3.1

u im...................................................................................................5

3.2

Nhc im .............................................................................................6

S cn thit ca in ton m my ..............................................................7

CHNG II: HOT NG CA IN TON M MY ................................9

1.

Kin trc ca ng dng in ton m my..................................................9

2.

Kin trc my ch .......................................................................................10

3.

Map Reduce .................................................................................................12

4.

Hadoop ........................................................................................................19

5.

Google file system .......................................................................................20

CHNG III: XU HNG CNG NGH MI TI VIT NAM ......................23

CHNG V: TNG KT - TI LIU THAM KHO .........................................27
1.

Kt lun .......................................................................................................27

2.

Ti liu tham kho .......................................................................................27

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
M T N

UN

I THIU

My vi tnh ngy nay tr thnh mt phn tt yu ca cuc sng. Chng ta

cn my tnh khp mi ni, c th l cho cng vic, nghin cu hoc trong bt k
lnh vc no. Khi nhu cu s dng my tnh trong cuc sng hng ngy ca chng
ta tng ln, cc ngun ti nguyn my tnh cng cn tng ln. i vi cc cng ty
ln nh Google v Microsoft, vic khai thc cc ngun ti nguyn nh vy khi h
cn khng phi l mt vn ln. Nhng khi ni n doanh nghip nh hn, cc
ngun ti nguyn ln nh vy tr thnh mt yu t rt ln tc ng n kinh
doanh. Vi nhng vn ln v c s h tng CNTT nh my hng, treo cng,
li phn mm, v.v.. tht s l nhng vn rt au u cho cc doanh nghip.
in ton m my s cung cp mt gii php cho tnh trng ny.
in ton m my l mt cuc dch chuyn gia cch mng trong vic
tnh ton s c chuyn gia t my tnh c nhn hay cc my ch ng dng doanh
nghip n mt m my my tnh. m my l mt hnh tng ch n tp cc
my ch o ha c th cung cp cc ngun ti nguyn ca my tnh khc nhau cho
khch hng ca h. Ngi s dng ca h thng ny ch cn c quan tm ti cc
dch v my tnh ang c yu cu. Ci chi tit bn di h thng ca n nh th
no th c n khi ngi dng. Cc d liu v cc dch v cung cp nm trong
cc trung tm d liu ca m my c kh nng m rng ln v c th c truy
cp bt k u, t bt k thit b c kt ni trn th gii.
in ton m my l mt kiu tnh ton m cc cng vic CNTT c
cung cp nh mt dch v trn internet n nhiu khch hng bn ngoi v khch
hng c tnh tin theo s s dng dch v ca h. Nhiu nh cung cp in ton
m my xut hin v c mt s tng trng ng k trong vic s dng dch v
ny. Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, IBM v Amazon bt u cung cp dch v in
ton m my. Trong Amazon l nh tin phng trong lnh vc ny. Cc cng
ty nh hn nh SmugMug, mt trang web lu tr hnh nh trc tuyn, c s dng
dch v in ton m my lu tr tt c cc d liu v thc hin mt s dch v
ca mnh.
in ton m my c s dng trong cc lnh vc khc nhau nh web
hosting, lp trnh song song, dng hnh ho, m hnh ti chnh(BM Clouds),
cc phng php duyt v tm kim trn web(web spider), phn tch gen(Amazon
Clouds),v.v..
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
HN
1.

N O N

M MY

nh ngha

c rt nhiu nh ngha v
in ton m my c a ra nh:
in ton m my (cloud
computing ) hay cn gi l in ton
my ch o l mt m hnh in ton
c kh nng co gin (scalable) linh
ng v cc ti nguyn thng c
o ha c cung cp nh mt dch
v trn mng Internet.
Theo Foster (2008): Mt m hnh in ton phn tn c tnh co gin ln m
hng theo co gin v mt kinh t, l ni cha cc sc mnh tnh ton, kho lu tr,
cc nn tng (platform) v cc dch v c trc quan, o ha v co gin linh
ng, s c phn phi theo nhu cu cho cc khch hng bn ngoi thng qua
Internet. in ton m my l mt dng thc in ton cung cp cc ti nguyn
o ha v c quy m di dng dch v qua mng Internet. Ngi dng khng cn
ti nhng kin thc chuyn gia mn qun l h tng cng ngh ny bi phn
vic l dnh cho cc nh cung cp dch v.
Theo Synmatec: in ton m my l
mt mng kt ni ca cc ti nguyn my tnh
sn c c cp pht ng theo c ch o ha
v c kh nng co dn , to iu kin cho ngi dng c th s dng dch v theo
nhu cu dng n u tr tin n .
Ni mt cch n gin nht ng dng in ton m my chnh l:
Mt m hnh in ton mi.
Cc ti nguyn v h tng (phn cng, thit b lu tr, phn mm h
thng) v cc ng dng c cung cp theo m hnh X-as-a Services
da theo m hnh tr tin theo mc s dng.
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
c tnh quan trng ca Cloud l o ha v co gin linh ng ty theo
nhu cu.
Cc dch v ca Cloud c th s dng thng qua cc giao din web
hay qua cc API c nh ngha trc.
2.

c c im ca in ton m my

2.1 T Sa Cha
Bt k ng dng hoc dch v no ang chy trong mt mi trng in
ton m my c mt tnh cht t sa cha. Trong trng hp ng dng tht bi,
lun lun c mt d phng tc thi ca ng dng sn sng cho cng vic khng
b gin on. C nhiu bn sao ca cng mt ng dng v vy nhng ln tht bi,
c t nht mt bn sao ca ng dng c th ly ln hot ng m thm ch khng
cn thay i nh no trong trng thi chy ca n.
2.2 Nhiu ngi s dng
Vi in ton m my, bt k ng dng no cng h tr a ngi dng.
l khi nim dng ch nhiu ngi s dng m my trong cng thi gian. H
thng cho php mt s khch hng chia s c s h tng c phn b cho h m
khng ai trong h nhn bit v s chia s ny. iu ny c thc hin bi vic o
ha cc my ch trong mt di cc my tnh v sau cp pht cc my ch n
nhiu ngi s dng. iu ny c thc hin theo cch m trong s ring t
ca ngi s dng v bo mt ca d liu ca h khng b tn hi.
2.3 Kh nng m rng tuyn tnh
Dch v in ton m my c kh nng m rng tuyn tnh. H thng c
kh nng phn chia cc lung cng vic thnh phn nh v phc v n qua c s
h tng. Mt tng chnh xc ca kh nng m rng tuyn tnh c th c ly
t thc t l nu mt my ch c th x l 1000 giao dch trong mt giy, th hai
my ch c th x l 2.000 giao dch trong mt giy.
2.4 Hng dch v
H thng in ton m my l tt c cc dch v theo nh hng. Nhng
dch v nh vy c to ra t nhng dch v ri rc khc. Rt nhiu dch v ri
rc nh vy l s kt hp ca nhiu dch v c lp khc vi nhau to dch v
ny. iu ny cho php vic ti s dng cc dch v khc nhau sn c v ang
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
c to ra. Bng vic s dng cc dch v c to ra trc , nhng dch v
khc c th c to ra t .
2.5

iu khin SLA(Service level agreement)

Thng thng cc doanh nghip c tha thun v s lng dch v. Kh

nng m rng v cc vn c sn c th lm cho cc tha thun ny b ph v.
Tuy nhin, cc dch v in ton m my l hng SLA, nh vic khi h thng c
kinh nghim t nh ca ti, n s t ng iu chnh chnh n tun th cc
tha thun cp dch v. Cc dch v s to ra thm nhng thc th ca ng
dng trn nhiu server cho vic ti c th d dng qun l.
2.6 Kh nng o ha
Cc ng dng trong in ton m my hon ton tch ri khi phn cng
nm bn di. Mi trng in ton m my l mt mi trng o ha y .
2.7 Linh hot:
Mt tnh nng khc ca cc dch v in ton m my l chng linh hot.
Chng c th c dng phc v rt nhiu loi cng vic c khi lng khc
nhau t ti nh ca mt ng dng nh cho n ti rt nng ca mt ng dng
thng mi.
3. u v nhc ca m hnh in ton m my
3.1 u im
Nhng u im v th mnh di y gp phn gip "in ton m
my" tr thnh m hnh in ton c p dng rng ri trn ton th gii.
c : Tc x l nhanh, cung cp cho ngi dng nhng dch v
nhanh chng v gi thnh r da trn nn tng c s h tng tp trung (m my).
hi ph: Chi ph u t ban u v c s h tng, my mc v ngun nhn
la ca ngi s dng in ton m my c gim n mc thp nht.
hng c n ph thuc vo thit v v tr a : Cho php ngi dng
truy cp v s dng h thng thng qua trnh duyt web bt k u v trn bt k
thit b no m h s dng (ch ng hn l PC hoc l in thoi di ng )
hia s ti nguyn: Chia s ti nguyn v chi ph trn mt a bn rng ln,
mang li cc loi ch cho ngi dng nh:
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
- Tp trung c s h tng ti mt v tr gip ngi dng khng tn
nhiu gi thnh u t v trang thit b.
- Cng sut x l nhanh hn do ti nguyn c tp trung. Ngoi ra,
ngi dng khng cn phi u t v ngun nhn lc qun l h
thng.
- Kh nng khai thc v hiu sut c ci thin hn 10-20 so vi h
thng my tnh c nhn thng thng.
i tin c y cao: Khng ch ginh cho ngi dng ph thng, in ton
m my ph hp vi cc yu cu cao v lin tc ca cc cng ty kinh doanh v
cc nghin cu khoa hc. Tuy nhin, mt vi dch v ln ca in ton m my
i khi ri vo trng thi qu ti, khin hot ng b ngng tr. Khi ri vo trng
thi ny, ngi dng khng c kh nng x l cc s c m phi nh vo cc
chuyn gia gia t m my tin hnh x l.
h nng m rng: Gip ci thin cht lng cc dch v c cung cp
trn m my .
h nng o m t: Kh nng bo mt c ci thin do s tp trung v d
liu.
ng sa: Cc ng dng ca in ton m my d dng sa cha
hn bi l chng khng c ca t c nh trn mt m tnh no. Chng cng d
dng h tr v ci thin v tnh nng.
Qun ti nguyn: Ti nguyn s dng ca in ton m my lun c
qun l v thng ktrn tng khch hng v ng dng, theo tng ngy, tng tun,
tng thng. iu ny m bo cho vic nh lng gi c ca mi dch v do in
ton m my cung cp ngi dng c th la chn ph hp.
3.2 Nhc im
Tuy nhin, m hnh in ton ny vn cn mc phi mt s nhc im sau:
nh ring t: Cc thng tin ngi dng v d liu c cha trn in
ton m my c m bo c ring t, v liu cc thng tin c b s dng v
mt mc ch no khc
nh s n ng: Liu cc dch v m my c b treo bt ng, khin cho
ngi dng khng th truy cp cc dch v v d liu ca mnh trong nhng
khong thi gian no khin nh hng n cng vic
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
M t iu: Mt vi dch v lu tr d liu trc tuyn trn m my bt
ng ngng hot ng hoc khng tip tc cung cp dch v, khin cho ngi dng
phi sao lu d liu ca h t m my v my tnh c nhn. iu ny s mt
nhiu thi gian. Thm ch mt vi trng hp, v mt l do no , d liu ngi
dng b mt v khng th phc hi c.
nh i ng ca iu v quyn s hu: Mt cu hi t ra, liu ngi
dng c th chia s d liu t dch v m my ny sang dch v ca m my
khc Hoc trong trng hp khng mun tip tc s dng dch v cung cp t
m my, liu ngi dng c th sao lu ton b d liu ca h t m my V
lm cch no ngi dng c th chc chn rng cc dch v m my s khng
hy ton b d liu ca h trong trng hp dch v ngng hot ng.
h nng o m t: Vn tp trung d liu trn cc m my l cch
thc hiu qu tng cng bo mt, nhng mt khc cng li chnh l mi lo ca
ngi s dng dch v ca in ton m my. Bi l mt khi cc m my b tn
cng hoc t nhp, ton b d liu s b chim dng. Tuy nhin, y khng thc
s l vn ca ring in ton m my , bi l tn cng nh cp d liu l
vn gp phi trn bt k mi trng no, ngay c trn cc my tnh c nhn.
4. S cn thit ca in ton m my
Mt cu hi c t ra l lm cch no c th tng nng lc tnh ton v
lu tr d liu ln hng nghn ln so vi ch dng phn cng ti ch Cu hi
tng lm au u cc nh pht trin h thng, v vi s ra i ca mng internet
vn c gii quyt bi s xut hin ca dch v in ton m my. in
ton m my l mt dch v tnh ton v lu tr do nh cung cp dch v cung
cp cho khch hng, v vy nng lc tnh ton v lu tr d liu c kh nng tng
ln hng nghn ln so vi vic ch dng h thng tnh ton truyn thng ca khch
hng, v iu ny ph thuc vo nng lc ca nh cung cp dch v ch khng ph
thuc vo h thng ti ch ca khch hng, m thng l cc my ca cc nh
cung cp dch v thng l nhng my c nng lc tnh ton rt ln c th cung
cp cho nhiu ngi.
So vi cc h thng my tnh truyn thng th in ton m my c nhiu
u im vt tri hn. u im u tin l v ti nguyn h thng, gi s vi mt
cng ty khi trang b h thng tnh ton truyn thng cn phi xy dng mt h
thng mnh phc v cng vic cho mt cng ty. iu ng ngha vi vic
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
chi ph lp t h thng ban u tn km, v i vi h thng ca cng ty cn phi
c ngi qun tr h thng tn thm ti nguyn v nhn lc, v chi ph cho nng
lng tiu th ca h thng cng rt cao. Thm vo l s lng ph ti nguyn
khi m h thng khng c s dng ht cng sut ca n. iu cho thy rng
u t vo mt h thng my tnh theo kiu truyn thng th c th l tn km v
lng ph. V nu cng ty s dng in ton m my th khi khng phi tn mt
ngi qun tr, nng lng tiu th cho h thng cng khng cn l vn , c
bit l ti nguyn khng s dng s khng b lng ph v khi cng ty ch tr tin
cho phn ti nguyn m h s dng, phn ti nguyn cn li s c ngi cung
cp dch v cung cp cho mt cng ty khc.
Mt u im na ca in ton m my l kh nng truy cp v s dng ti
nguyn mi lc mi ni khi m ta c mt my tnh bnh thng c ni mng
internet, khi ta c th thc hin mt php tnh khng l hoc c th s dng mt
khi lng d liu ln ch vi mt my tnh n gin.
Vn v bn quyn phn mm cng l mt vn ht sc nan gii i vi
cc cng ty khi m cc phn mm c gi qu cao. Vi in ton m my th
ch cn nh cung cp dch v b tin ra mua bn quyn th tt c cc khch hng
ca h u c th s dng n nh mt phn mm c bn quyn tht s m khng
phi b ra mt s tin ln mua bn quyn m h chi phi tr tin cho nhng g
h dng.

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
HN

: HO

NG CA

N O N

M MY

1. Kin trc ca ng dng in ton m my

Chng ta bit rng
in ton m my l mt
t hp tnh ton da trn
cc thit b h tng phn
cng trong mt m my
ca nh cung cp dch v.
H tng phn cng bao
gm cc sn phm my
ch cha d liu nh c
kt ni li vi nhau nh
mt h thng phc v cho
vic lu tr v x l d liu v cc ng dng tnh ton trn cc ti nguyn khc.
in ton m my gi mt ng dng chy trn my ch o nh l n ang chy
ti ch trn h tng phn cng phn tn trong m my. Nhng my ch o c
to ra theo nhng cch m nhng tha thun dch v (SLA) khc nhau v s
tin cy u c m bo. C th c nhiu thc th khc nhau ca cng mt my
ch o truy cp vo nhng phn sn sng ca c s h tng phn cng. iu ny
m bo rng c nhiu bn sao ca cc ng dng, khi xy ra li chng sn sng
khc phc. My ch o phn tn qu trnh x l vo c s h tng phn cng v
sau khi qu trnh tnh ton c hon thnh chng s tr v kt qu. Qu trnh ny
cn c mt phn mm hoc h iu hnh x l cng vic qun l h thng phn
tn, ging nh k thut tnh ton, gip qun l cc yu cu khc nhau n my ch
o. C ch ny s m bo vic to ra nhiu bn sao v c vic bo v s thng
nht d liu c lu trn c s h tng. ng thi h iu hnh cng c th t
iu chnh nh l khi gp qu ti cc tin trnh, phn chia x l hon thnh p
ng yu cu. H thng qun l cng vic nh vy c che du vi ngi dng,
hay ni cc khc l n vi ngi dng. S c lp vi ngi dng th hin ch
n x l v tr v kt qu t c, ch khng cn phi quan trng n u v n
thc hin iu bng cch no. Ngi dng tr tin trn lu lng s dng h
thng, nh ni dch v c tnh bng chu k ca CPU hoc byte. Thc t s
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
tin m khch hng phi tr thng c tnh da vo lu lng dng CPU trn
mt gi hoc s Gb d liu di chuyn gia trong mt gi.

2. Kin trc my ch
in ton m my c to thnh bng cch s dng ti nguyn vt l ln
t nhiu my ch trong m my ca nh cung cp dch v. y l mt ng dng
ca nguyn tc kt hp
vo trong bi ton cn
mt h thng tnh ton
ln m thit b hoc c
s vt cht khng cho
php nn chng ta cn
phi ghp nhng thit
b, nhng h thng nh
li vi nhau tr
thnh mt h thng ln
p ng nhng nhu cu
ln hn cho ngi s
dng trong nhng h thng yu cu tnh ton v lu tr ln. Nh ni bn trn,
dch v v ng dng ca in ton m my da trn my ch o c thit k t
ti nguyn gp li ny. C hai ng dng (hoc h iu hnh) s gip qun l cc
th hin trn my trong m my, cng nh qun l tt c cc ti nguyn ca cc
th hin my ch o. y l mt ng dng nguyn l tch khi vo trong h thng
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

10

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
in ton m my nhm tch bit phn cng phc tp ca h thng vi giao din
bn ngoi. Nhm to ra mt giao din ngi dng n gin, d s dng hn so vi
phn cng phc tp bn di v cng l tch bit giao din ngi dng vi h
thng phn cng, khi ngi dng ch cn quan tm n nhng ng dng m hc
cn ch khng cn quan tm n phn cng bn di c thc hin nh th no.
ng dng th nht l Xen hypervisor
cung cp cc lp tru tng gia phn cng
v h iu hnh o, nh vy s phn tn ca
cc ti nguyn v tin trnh c qun l
ging nh l ang thc hin trn mt my.
ng dng th hai cng c s dng rng
ri l h thng qun l my ch o
Enomalism, n c s dng qun l h
tng phn cng nn tng.
Khi Xen s dng cho cc lp o ca cc c s h tng my ch, mt lp
phn mm l Xen hypervisor c ci t gia my ch v h iu hnh. N
cung cp mt lp tru tng cho php mi server vt l c th c chy nh l
mt hoc nhiu my ch o, tch ring h iu hnh v cc ng dng ca n khi
lp phn cng vt l bn di. Xen hypervisor l mt cng ngh m ngun m,
c cng tc pht trin bi Xen v cc k s ca hn 20 cng ty ni ting v
trung tm d liu c tnh cht i mi bao gm : AMD, Cisco, Dell, HP, IBM,
Intel, Mellanox, Network Appliance, Novell, Red Hat, SGI, Sun, Unisys, Veritas,
Voltaire, and Citrix. Xen c ng k bi GNU General Public License (GPL2)
v c s dng khng c thay i v m ngun v nh dng i tng. Xen
Hypervisor cng c bit ngn - t hn 50.000 dng m. V vy chi ph dch m
code rt thp v hiu sut gn ging nh trn my nguyn thy. Xen ti s dng
cc trnh iu khin thit b hin c (i vi c hai loi l m v ng m ngun)
t Linux, lm cho thit b qun l d dng. Hn na Xen rt mnh m iu
khin li v bo v c ngi dng v hypervisor khi cc vn vi cc li t cc
driver c hi.

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

11

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY

H thng qun l my ch o Enomalism l mt nn tng h tng c s my

ch o hon chnh. Enomalism qun l nh hng gia cc ti nguyn trong h
thng. Enomalism c th s dng dn cc lung tnh ton vo m my ging
nh l lung t khch hng c i vo thc hin tnh ton trn mt my ch t
xa. N mang tt c nhng tnh nng nh: trin khai k hoch tnh ton, cn bng
ti, trnh xung t ti nguyn... Enomalism cng l mt ng dng m ngun m,
n c mt giao din ngi dng da trn nn web rt n gin v d s dng. N
c kin trc tmg phn d dng cho php to v thm vo h thng cc b sung v
cc tin ch cn thit cho vic s dng. N h tr trin khai t chc phn tn v to
cc ng dng da trn tng quang chung. N h tr qun l cc trng o khc
nhau gm KVM/Qemu, Amazon EC2
and Xen, OpenVZ, Linux Containers, VirtualBox. N c ch phn quyn ngi
dng v t quyn truy cp.
3. Map Reduce
Map Reduce l
mt m hnh lp trnh,
c Google pht trin
vo nm 2003, h
tr cho qu trnh tnh
ton song song trn s
lng tp cc d liu
cc ln (vi t byte)
lu tr cc cm my
tnh thnh phn trong m my in ton. Trong m hnh ny, ngi dng nh
ngha mt hm map tnh ton mt cp kha/gi tr u vo v to nn mt tp
cc cp kha/gi tr tm thi, sau hm reduce s gom nhm tt c nhng gi tr
tm thi no c chung kha li vi nhau cho ra kt qu mong mun. Rt nhiu cc
tc v trong i sng thc c th c thc thi bng m hnh ny,chng ta s xem
xt c th hn phn sau.
Chng trnh c vit theo kiu chc nng ny c song song ha mt
cch t ng v c thc thi trn mt cm ln cc my tnh hng ha (cc my
tnh thnh phn cu to nn m my in ton). H thng khi chy s quan tm
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

12

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
chi tit phn vng ca d liu u vo, lp lch qu trnh thc thi chng trnh
thng qua mt tp cc my tnh thnh phn, x l li v qun l cc kt ni ni
gia cc my tnh thnh phn. iu ny cho php cc lp trnh vin ngay c cha
c bt k kinh nghim no trong cc h thng song song v phn tn u c th d
dng ti u ha cc ti nguyn ca mt h thng phn tn ln.
Trong vng vi nm trc y, cc k s ca Google phi khi to hng
trm cc qu trnh tnh ton dnh cho cc mc ch c bit trn s lng ln cc
d liu th nh cc d liu mc ni, nht k cc trang web yu cu...Cc qu trnh
tnh ton ny dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh tm tt s lng cc trang
c mc ni bi tng host, tnh tn s truy xut ca 1 trang web, tm ra tp cc
cu truy vn c dng nhiu nht trong ngy...Hu ht cc tnh ton ny u
khng phc tp,nhng d liu u vo thng rt ln v qu trnh tnh ton cn
phi c phn tn cho hng trm ngn my nhm c th thc thi trong khong
thi gian cho php. Cc vn v vic song song ha tnh ton,phn tn d liu v
qun l li lm cho cc qu trnh tnh ton vn on gin ny tr nn v cng
phc tp.
gii quyt vn , cc k s ca Google thit k mt m hnh tru
tng cho php chng ta din t qu trnh tnh ton ny mt cch n gin nh vn
d ca n, ng thi che du i cc chi tit phc tp trong vic song song ha, chp
nhn li, cn bng np, phn tn d liu trong mt th vin ring. S tru tng
ha ny c ly tng t 2 thnh phn c bn l map v reduce trong Lisp v
nhiu loi ngn ng lp trnh hm khc. Chng ta c th nhn thy rng trong hu
ht cc qu trnh tnh ton ca chng ta u bao gm mt thao tc map, nh x cc
u vo vi cc gi tr ca bn ghi thc hin vic tnh ton cc gi tr thnh
1 tp cc cp kha/gi tr tm thi, sau ta li to thm mt thao tc reduce, thu
gn cc gi tr m c cng key li vi nhau v cho ra kt qu.Vic s dng m
hnh hm chc nng map v reduce cho php chng ta c th thc thi song song
cc tnh ton ln d dng v c th s dng qu trnh thc thi li nh mt c ch
chp nhn li.
Cc th mnh chnh ca phng php ny l cung cp cho chng ta mt giao
din n gin v mnh m, cho php song song ha v phn tn d liu trong cc
php ton ln mt cch t ng, gip cho ta thu c hiu nng cao nht trong s
lng ln cc cm my tnh thnh phn ca m my in ton. phn sau chng

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

13

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
ta s ln lt xem xt m hnh lp trnh c bn ca MapReduce v mt vi v d
n gin M hnh lp trnh.
Qu trnh tnh ton nhn mt cp gi tr u vo gm kha/gi tr, v tnh
ton cho ra mt tp cc cp kha/gi tr u ra. Ngi dng s dng th vin
MapReduce din t qu trnh ny thng qua hai hm l Map v Reduce.
Map l hm c nh ngha bi ngi dng, nhn mt cp gi tr u vo
v to ra cc cp gi tr trung gian.Th vin MapReduce nhm tt c cc gi tr
trung gian c lin quan ti key I li vi nhau v chuyn n cho hm Reduce.
Hm Reduce cng c vit bi ngi dng, chp nhn key I v cc tp gi
tr trung gian ca key I ny. Sau tin hnh hp nht cc gi tr ny thnh mt tp
cc gi tr nh hn nu c th. Mt ln na nguyn tc kt hp li c s dng
trong h thng in ton m my nhm phc v cho thut ton gii quyt yu cu
bi ton, sau khi chia nh cc chng trnh ln thnh cc phn nh thc hin
tnh ton mt cch song song nhm lm gim thi gian thc hin mt bi ton th
h thng tin hnh kt hp cc kt qu tnh ton t cc tin trnh nh song song li
vi nhau a ra mt kt qu tnh ton thng nht ca chng trnh tnh ton m
ngi dng yu cu. Thng thng ch c mt gi tr output c a ra t hm
Reduce hoc khng c gi tr no c.
Hm map thm vo mi t mt s tng ng vi s ln xut hin ca n
(trong v d n gin trn l 1 ). Hm reduce lm nhim v cng tt c cc s
m ca t . Sau , ngi dng cn phi thc hin thm cc th tc khai bo
c t i tng mapreduce vi tn ca cc file input, output v cc bin ty chnh.
Ngi dng sau gi hm MapReduce, chuyn cho n i tng c t trn,
lc ny cc on code ca ngi dng c lin kt li thng qua th vin
MapReduce.
Tng quan qu trnh thc thi: Qu trnh gi thc thi hm Map c phn
tn trong nhiu cc my thnh vin ca m my in ton bng cch t ng phn
vng cc gi tr u vo thnh mt b gm M phn. Cc phn ny c th c tnh
ton song song bi cc my khc nhau. Tng t hm Reduce cng c phn tn
bng cch phn vng cc kha gi tr trung gian thnh R mnh bng cc hm phn
vng (v d nh hash(key) mod R). s lng R v hm phn vng c th c ch
r bi ngi dng.

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

14

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY

Hnh trn cho chng ta ci nhn tng qut nht v lung thc thi mt thao tc
Map Reduce. Khi ngi dng gi hm MapReduce th cc tc v sau y s c
din ra mt cch tun t.
Th vin MapReduce trong chng trnh ngi dng u tin s chia nh
cc file u vo thnh M mnh (thng thng kch thc mi mnh t 16-64MB,
c th iu chnh thng qua cc tham s ty chn). y, h thng in ton m
my a nguyn tc chia nh vo thc hin qu trnh tnh ton ca mnh. Vi
mt chng trnh ln m tnh ton mt ln s tn rt nhiu thi gian v khng hiu
qu, tic kim thi gian thc thi chng trnh, h thng tin hnh chia chng
trnh ln thnh cc tin trnh nh thc hin tnh ton trn cc vi x l (h thng
phn cng song song to nn h thng in ton m my) tin hnh tnh ton
chng trnh song song cui cng gp li mt kt qu. Tip theo, n s to
nhiu bn sao ca chng trnh trn cm my tnh trong m my in ton.
Nguyn tc sao chp cng c a vo ng dng trong h thng in ton m
my, trn mi cm my tnh trong m my in ton thc hin mt tin trnh m
chng trnh giao ph, tin trnh ny s c to ra nhiu bn sao cho cc my
tnh trong cm my tnh thc hin.

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

15

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
Mt trong s cc bn sao ca chng trnh s l chng trnh master. Cc
chng trnh cn li s l worker, l chng trnh s thc thi cc tc v do master
giao ph. C tt c l M tc v Map v R tc v Reduce cn c thc thi. Chng
trnh master chn cc worker rnh ri gn cho tc v Map hoc Reduce.
Worker c gn thc thi tc v Map c ni dung ca mnh gi tr u vo
tng ng, n phn tch gi tr u vo thnh cc cp kha/gi tr v chuyn chng
n cho hm Map ngi dng t nh ngha. Cc cp gi tr key/value trung gian
(kt qu ca hm Map) s c lu vo b nh m.
Sau , cc cp gi tr trong vng nh m ny s c ghi xung vng nh
a phng, v c phn thnh R vng. V tr ca cc cp kha/gi tr ny (trn
b nh a phng) s c chuyn gia v cho master. Chng trnh master sau
s chuyn gia v tr ca chng cho cc worker c gn tc v Reduce.
Khi mt worker thc thi tc v Reduce nhn c cc v tr ca cc vng
nh t master, n dng cc li gi th tc t xa (RPC- Remote Procedure Call)
c cc gi tr ny. Sau khi worker c xong tt c cc cp gi tr trung gian ny,
n s sp xp li chng theo kha bng cch gom nhm cc cp c cng kha li
vi nhau. Nu s lng cc file trung gian ny qu ln so vi b nh th chng ta
s phi cn c mt hm sp xp ngoi
Sau cc worker thc thi tc v Reduce chuyn gia kha v tp cc d liu
tng ng n hm Reduce do ngi dng nh ngha, kt qu output thu c l
kt qu cui cng.
Sau khi tt c cc tc v Map v Reduce u hon tt, chng trnh master
gi n chng trnh user program, tr v on code tip theo trong chng trnh.
Ch p nh n li: Th vin MapReduce c thit k gip tnh ton trn
cc lng d liu v cng ln ca hng trm hng ngn my, do chng cn phi
c c ch chp nhn li.
y l s p dng ca nguyn tc t phc v vo h thng in ton m
my, m my in ton c kh nng t phc hi li hot ng ca h thng khi
xy ra mt s li no trong cc qu trnh thc thi ca tng phn nh trong h
thng tnh ton.
Li xy ra Worker: kim tra li worker,chng trnh master tin
hnh ping cc my worker sau mi mt khong thi gian nht nh, nu mt
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

16

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
worker no khng tr li th Master s xem nh n ang xy ra li, cc tc v map
hay reduce ang thc thi worker li s tin hnh reset li v gn cho worker
khc. y c p dng nguyn tc linh ng khc phc li h thng, chng
trnh c chia nh thnh cc tiu trnh nn cc tiu trnh ging nhau c th linh
ng thc thi ti cc phn cng vi x l khc nhau v khi mt tiu trnh b li th
tiu trnh khc c th thay th thc hin nhim v ca h thng giao ph.
i vi tc v map hon tt worker li cng phi tin hnh reset li do
kt qu trung gian c lu tr vng nh a phng v chng ta khng th truy
cp n chng. i vi tc v reduce th ngc li, ta khng cn phi reset chng
v kt qu cui cng ca tc v ny c lu trong vng nh ton cc, ta c th
truy xut chng mt cch d dng.
Li xy ra Master: Nhm c th khi phc master trong trng hp xy
ra li, master s tin hnh ghi checkpoint sau khong thi gian c nh. Khi li xy
ra th mt bn sao mi c th bt u t on checkpoint lu. Nhng nu chng
ta ch c 1 master th khi master b li ton b qu trnh tnh ton MapReduce s b
hy, client khi phi kim tra trng hp ny v t khi ng li qu trnh nu
mun.
c v backup: y l mt p dng ca nguyn tc d phng vo vic gii
quyt bi ton trong m my in ton, n gip cho hot ng tnh ton khng b
mt khi xy ra s c. Mt trong cc nguyn nhn thng xy ra lm tng thi gian
hon tt tc v MapReduce l cc straggler . Straggler l cc my c khong
thi gian hon tt mt trong s cc tc v cui ca Map hoc Reduce di mt cch
bt thng. Straggler c th l bt c my no trong s cc my trong h thng
m my ang c s dng. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn to nn straggler , v d
nh mt my tnh trong h thng c 0 a cng khng tt, khi hot ng c th gp
mt s trc trc lm gim tc truy xut bnh thng ca cng t 30Mb/s
xung thnh lMb/s ch ng hn. H thng lp lch cho cc cm my tnh lc ny
phi gn tc v khc cho my l nguyn nhn lm chm tc thc thi
MapReduce (da trn s so snh tc CPU, truy xut b nh, h thng lu tr
ca my a phng, bng thng ca mng). Mt vn mi nht m Google gp
phi l mt li trong on code khi to tc v MapReduce, n lm cho cc cache

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

17

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
ca CPU khng th hot ng, qu trnh tnh ton ca my tnh b li do m
gim xung khong 100 ln.
Google to ra mt phng php nhm gim bt tc hi do cc straggler
gy ra. Khi cc tc v MapReduce gn hon tt, master s to ra cc tc v back up
cho cc tc v ang thc thi v gn cho cc workers rnh ri thc hin. Qu trnh
MapReduce s kt thc khi tc v nguyn thy hoc tc v back up hon tt. i
vi cc tc v MapReduce nh, phng php ny ch gip ci thin hiu nng mt
vi phn trm, nhng i vi cc tc v MapReduce ln th chng gip ci thin
hiu nng rt ng k.
Bn cnh l biu so snh tc thc thi ca chong trnh sp xp vit
theo MapReduce ca Google.
Chng trnh thc hin sp xp
khong 1 tetrabyte d liu. Biu
u tin l tc c cc gi tr
input,biu bn di l tc
thc hin sp xp v cui cng l
tc xut ra kt qu. Biu (a)
th hin tc thc thi ca tc v
MapReduce hot ng bnh thng
khng c cc straggler, biu (b) l khi thc hin gp phi cc straggler trong
ha trnh kt thc tc v m khng dng c ch backup, biu (c) l khi dng c
ch backup trong qu trnh thc thi MapReduce. Chng ta nhn thy tc thc
thi bnh thng vo khong 1057s, khi gp phi cc straggler m khng c c ch
backup ta s phi mt 1283s, v cui cng khi p dng c ch backup v phi b i
200 tc v do cc straggler ny gy ra chng ta t c tc l 933 giy ch hn
5% so vi tc thc thi bnh thng nhng li tng 44 nu so vi tc thc
thi khi gp phi cc straggler.

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

18

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
4. Hadoop
(JICT) - Mong mun ca
cc doanh nghip l tn dng li
lng d liu khng l a ra
quyt nh kinh doanh. Hadoop
gip cc cng ty x l khi lng c terabyte v thm ch l petabytes d liu phc
tp tng i hiu qu vi chi ph thp hn.
Cc doanh nghip ang n lc tm kim thng tin qu gi t khi lng ln
d liu phi cu trc c to ra bi cc web log, cng c clickstream, cc sn
phm truyn thng x hi. Chnh yu t dn lm tng s quan tm n cng
ngh m ngun m Hadoop.
Hadoop, mt d n phn mm qun l d liu Apache vi nhn trong khung
phn mm Map Reduce ca Google, c thit k h tr cc ng dng s dng
c s lng ln d liu cu trc v phi cu trc.
Khng ging nh cc h qun tr c s d liu truyn thng, Hadoop c
thit k lm vic vi nhiu loi d liu v d liu ngun. Cng ngh HDFS ca
Hadoop cho php khi lng ln cng vic c chia thnh cc khi d liu nh
hn c nhn rng v phn phi trn cc phn cng ca mt cluster x l
nhanh hn. Cng ngh ny c s dng rng ri bi mt s trang web ln nht
th gii, ch ng hn nh Facebook, eBay, Amazon, Baidu, v Yahoo. Cc nh quan
st nhn mnh rng Yahoo l mt trong nhng nh ng gp ln nht i vi
Hadoop.
Cng ngh Hadoop ngy cng c s dng nhiu hn trong cc ngn hng,
cng ty qung co, cc vin nghin cu, cc cng ty dc phm v cc cng ty
CNTT khc.
"Vi Hadoop bn c th ch cn mt v hai ngi l c th x l cng mt
khi lng d liu m mt s cng ty ln nht th gii ang x l.
Cu trc tp tin ca Hadoop cho php cc cng ty v c bn nm bt v
cng c tt bt k loi tp tin d liu c cu trc v phc tp no, ch ng hn nh
cc nht k trn trang web, siu d liu, tp tin m thanh v video, dch v e-mail
phi cu trc, d liu dng Twitter v dch v truyn thng x hi.
Do , cng ngh ny l l tng cho cc cng ty mun phn tch khi
lng ln d liu c cu trc v phi cu trc.
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

19

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
Ly d liu th t cc HDFS, tuy nhin, ch bin n khng phi l d dng
hay thun tin nh cc h thng c s d liu in hnh, bi v d liu khng c
t chc hoc cu trc, Befus ni. "v c bn nhng g Hadoop lm l a cc d
liu bn ngoi vo trong cc tp tin ln. N khng quan tm trong cc tp tin c g.
N ch qun l chng v m bo rng trong c nhiu bn sao ca cc tp tin."
Ban u, ngi dng phi vit cng vic trong mt ngn ng lp trnh nh
Java phn tch v sau truy vn d liu th trong Hadoop. Nhng cc cng c
hin c th c s dng vit cc truy vn SQL nh d liu c lu tr trong
Hadoop.
Hadoop c s dng nhiu hn cho cc ng dng kinh doanh thng minh
thi gian thc.
5. Google file system
Google file system l h thng d liu phn tn c Google pht trin dnh
cho cc ng dng ln. N c thit k nhm em li s truy xut d liu tin cy
v hiu qu cho cc
d liu ca mt cm
ln cc my tnh
thnh phn ca m
my in ton. N
cung cp ch chp
nhn li c th
chy c trn cc
h thng phn cng
c yu cu khng cao, em li hiu nng tng hp tt trn s lng ln cc my
client
Cc file c chia thnh cc khc d liu 64Mb,cc d liu ny thng
c c vi cng cao hn nhiu so vi ghi v xa. N c thit k v ti u
ha dnh cho cc cm my tnh ln bao gm c cc my tnh c phn cng ngho
nn, do n phi c kh nng chu c cng li ln ti cc node c lp v
kh nng mt mt d liu. mt s cc thit k khc cho h thng d liu phn tn
thng l ti u ha thng lng ca d liu.

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

20

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
C u trc ca Google File System
Mt cm GFS chc mt my Master v nhiu my Chunkserver v n c th
c truy xut bi nhiu client nh trong hnh bn di.Mt my c th va l
client truy xut d liu t chunkserver khc va c th l mt chunkserver lu tr
d liu, tuy nhin chng ta cn phi m bo trnh c xung t v khng lm
gim tt thc
Cc file c chia thnh cc mnh c kch thc xc nh. Mi mnh c
Master gn cho mt tn duy nht khng thay i di 64 bit ti thi im khi to
cc mnh. Cc chunkserver lu tr cc mnh ny nh l mt file Linux. m
bo tin cy cao, cc mnh file c lp bn sao v lu tr trn nhiu
chunkserver khc nhau, mc nh l chng ta s lu tr 3 bn sao.
Node Master khng thng lu tr bt k mt phn khc d liu no,n ch
lu tr cc siu d liu lin quan n cc phn khc nh bn nh x cc nhn 64bit n v tr lu tr vt l v v tr trong file gc, v tr ca tt c cc bn sao d
liu, cc tin trnh ang c hoc ghi ln 1 phn khc, tnh trng cc phn khc
hoc nh ca ca phn khc dnh cho vic to thm cc bn sao...Cc siu d
liu ny c update lin tc bi cc chunkserver sau khong thi gian c nh.
Ngoi ra node Master lun gi kt ni v kim tra trng thi ca cc chunkserver
bng cc gi v nhn cc thng ip phn hi lin tc sau khong thi gian c
nh.

Chng ta s phn tch mt tin trnh c file n gin theo hnh bn trn.
u tin da vo kch thc c nh c quy c trc ca 1 mnh d liu, client
dng chng trnh bin dch tn ca file v cc byte offset thnh mt danh mc cc
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

21

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
mnh d liu cha trong 1 file. Sau n gi n node master mt yu cu c
cha tn file v danh mc cc mnh d liu. Master phn hi li vi con tr cc
mnh d liu v v tr cc bn sao theo yu cu ca client. Cc client lu tr cc
thng tin ny trong b nh cache v s dng chng nh cha kha cho php truy
xut d liu.
Sau client tin hnh gi yu cu truy xut d liu n 1 trong cc bn sao
thng l bn sao gn nht. Trong yu cu truy xut ca client phi c con tr
mang a ch ca mnh v phm vi byte cn truy xut ttrong mnh. Cc qu
trnh c tip theo khng cn c s kt ni n node master na cho n khi cc
thng tin lu tr trong b nh cache b xa. Trong thc t th client thng yu cu
cho php truy xut n nhiu mnh d liu lu tr trn nhiu ni khc nhau cng
mt lc v node master cng c th gi cc thng tin cn thit cho client mt cch
tc thi.
Tri ngc vi cc h thng file thng thng,GFS khng c khi to
trong nhn h iu hnh m chng c truy xut thng qua mt th vin ring
nhm trnh hao ph qu ln
ch thc ca mt mnh: Kch thc ca mnh d liu l mt tham s v
cng quan trng trong thit k.Google chn kch thc l 64MB, ln hn mt
block ca h thng d liu truyn thng.Mi bn sao ca mnh d liu c lu
tr trn cc chunkserver nh l mt ht nhn Linux,n ch c m rng ra khi cn
thit
Mt kch thc mnh d liu ln cho chng ta nhiu li th. u tin n
gim s lng kt ni ca client n node master bi v vic c v ghi trn cng
mt mnh d liu ch i hi mt ln gi yu cu n node master ly v tr ca
mnh d liu ny. iu ny lm tng hiu nng ca chong trnh rt nhiu v a s
cc chng trnh u c v ghi cc file c kch thc ln mt cch tun t. Ngay
c i vi cc thao tc c ngu nhin nh th cc my client cng c th d dng
lu trong b nh cache thng tin ca vi TetraByte mnh d liu. Th hai,v kch
thc cc mnh d liu ln hn nn cc client thng xuyn thc thi nhiu tc v
khc nhau (c,ghi..) trn cng mt mnh d liu, iu ny lm gim hao ph v
mng bi lc ny ch cn duy tr mt kt ni t client n chunkserver thay v phi
khi to nhiu kt ni khc nhau. Th ba n gip lm gim kch thc ca cc siu
d liu lu tr my Master, iu ny cho php chng ta c th lu tr cc siu d
liu ny trong b nh ca Master lm tng tc phn hi n cc my client.
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

22

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
HN

III: XU HNG CNG NGH MI T I VIT NAM

D c th gii d on s l "cn sng thn cng ngh " song khi nim
in ton m my vn cn kh mi m ti Vit Nam.
IBM l doanh nghip tin phng khai
trng trung tm in ton m my ti Vit
Nam vo thng 9/2008 vi khch hng u
tin l l Cng ty c phn cng ngh v truyn
thng Vit Nam (VNTT). Sau , Microsoft l
mt trong nhng i gia tip bc in ton
m my th trng Vit Nam, nhung hin
vn ang trong giai on pht trin th nghim.
Theo ng V Tn Long, Tng Gim c cng ty IBM Vit Nam: in ton
m my khng cn l xu hng m l thc t ang din ra. C th ni Vit Nam
l mt trong nhng nc u tin ASEAN a vo s dng in ton m my.
T nm 2008 n nay, ngy cng c nhiu khch hng tm n cc dch v in
ton m my ca IBM .
Tip n, in ton m my Vit Nam bt u c nhng tn hiu kh
quan khi FPT - nh cng ngh hng u ca Vit Nam khng nh v th tin
phng ca mnh trong cng ngh bng l k kt vi Microsoft Chu -Trend
Micro hp tc pht trin "m my" chu . Nhn nh v hp tc ny, i
din Trend Micro cho rng, in ton m my s em li c hi cho Vit Nam bi
cng ngh hon ton mi s gip gii tr Vit Nam vn rt nng ng s c thm
iu kin sng to v pht huy ti nng ca mnh. ng thi, vi tim nng v
nhn lc, c s h tng v nht l "tnh sn sng" ca FPT hai bn s khng ch
dng li cung cp dch v v in ton m my Vit Nam m s vn ra ton
cu.
Sau cuc k kt mt tun, FPT tip tc hp tc cng "i gia" Microsoft
vo thng 05/2010. Tm im ca hp tc ny l mt tha thun nhm pht trin
nn tng in ton m my da trn cng ngh ca Microsoft. Hai bn u cng
hng n vic pht trin nn tng cho cc dch v m my bao gm truyn

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

23

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
thng, hp tc, lu tr d liu v cc dch v h tng, nhm phc v nhu cu ca
ng o khch hng.
Gn y nht, Journey to th cloud (Hnh trnh ti cng ngh in ton
m my) vi chm ngn New ways to do new things l ch hi tho do
Microsoft t chc hm 02/03/2001 va qua ti H Ni, thu ht s tham d ca
hn 300 chuyn gia gia IT v cc nh lnh o ca cc doanh nghip. iu ny
chng t nhng vn v in ton m my hin ang thu ht s quan tm ca
rt nhiu doanh nghip trong nc, nhng ngi ang kim tm gii php nng cao
nng sut cho doanh nghip.

Ngy in ton m my it Nam 2011

Tuy vy, tip theo sau hi tho Vietnam Cloud computing Day 2011
(Ngy in ton m my Vit Nam 2011) din ra ngy 19/10 ti H Ni cng a
ra nhn nh: mc d in ton m my hin ang c ng dng rng ri
nhiu nc pht trin trn th gii bi li ch ng k m n em li, nhng Vit
Nam cc doanh nghip vn cha thc s mn m vi cng ngh ny. Tuy nhin
theo cc chuyn gia gia nhn nh, y chnh l gii php ti u cc doanh
nghip nc ta gim thiu chi ph cng nh tng hiu sut lm vic mc ti a.v
thc trng ng dng in ton m my cc doanh nghip Vit Nam, c th rt
ra kt lun nh sau: Hin nay c mt vi doanh nghip ln ti Vit Nam a
in ton m my vo ng dng v hiu sut kinh doanh c ci thin ng k.
Tuy nhin s lng l kh t. Phn ln vn ch dng mc quan tm v tm hiu.
GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

24

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
Pht trin in ton m my ti Vit Nam - cn nhiu thch thc.
Khng nm ngoi xu th chung ca ngnh cng ngh thng tin th gii, Vit
Nam ang dn tip cn dch v m my thng qua cc d n ca mt s doanh
nghip nc ngoi nh Microsoft, Intel ... Cng ngh ny c coi l gii php cho
nhng vn m nhiu cng ty ang gp phi nh thiu nng lc cng ngh thng
tin, chi ph u t hn ch... Hu ht cc nh lnh o cng ngh thng tin u kh
k vng khi nhn nh v cng ngh ny.
ng Dng Dng Triu, Gim c iu hnh FIS chia s: Chng ti nhn
ra nhiu li ch khi ng hp tc xy dng trung tm d liu s dng cng ngh
in ton m my ca Microsoft. Hai bn chia s tm nhn v tng lai ca ngnh
tin hc - ni m cc dch v in ton m my s tr nn ph bin v c s
dng rng ri Vit Nam vo nm 2015- v chng ti c mc tiu tr thnh nhng
ngi dn u trong lnh vc mi m ny.
Theo ng Nguyn Huy Cng, CEO ca Tinh Vn Consulting, hin nay
nhiu cng ty ang hoang ph ti nguyn nh khng khai thc ht cng sut ca h
thng my ch, u t qu nhiu v mt con ngi. Trong khi , v l thuyt,
cloud computing s cho php doanh nghip khng cn tp trung qu nhiu cho c
s h tng hoc nng cp ng dng, khng i hi ngun nhn lc ln v c th d
dng thay i quy m khi cn.
ng Hong L Minh, Vin trng Vin cng nghip phn mm v ni dung
s Vit Nam (N1SC1), kh ng nh in ton m my l mc tiu m th gii
cng nh ngnh cng ngh thng tin trong nc hng ti v y chnh l nhn t
thc y cc qu trnh chuyn gia i kinh doanh.
Tuy nhin, theo cc chuyn gia gia ca Intel nhn nh th in ton m
my chc chn khng phi dnh cho tt c mi ngi v cho mi nhu cu. Mc d
li ch ca in ton m my l khng th ph nhn, nhng cc doanh nghip cn
cn nhc n cc yu t khc nhau khi tnh n chuyn ng dng in ton m
my, c th nh: ro cn k thut, an ton thng tin, ngun vn hin i quy
trnh kinh doanh bng vic ng dng cng ngh thng tin, gim chi tiu cho phn
cng, phn mm, an ton bng thu ngoi phn mm c s h tng, tnh linh hot
v kh nng m rng ca ngun lc cng ngh thng tin trc khi quyt nh ng
dng in ton m my vo sn xut kinh doanh. Vit Nam cng khng phi l
mt ngoi l.

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

25

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
Bn l hi ngh Ngy in ton m my Vit Nam 2011 , ng Phan
Thanh Sn, Gim c cng ngh ca cng ty Cisco, chia s cn nhiu kh khn
trong vic trin khai in ton m my ti Vit Nam. Theo ng, vn chnh
sch, ng truyn bng thng v nhn thc ca doanh nghip l nhng thch thc
ln nht vi cng ngh mi ny.
ng thi, mt s doanh nghip cho bit h v ang s dng cc dch v
m my min ph nh Google Apps, nhng vn cn thi gian tm hiu nhiu
hn nhng li ch cng nh ri ro v tnh an ton d liu. ng Nguyn Thin Tm,
Gim c khch hng ca Cng ty Sutrix Media Vit Nam, cho bit nu s dng
cc dch v in ton m my th i hi mi nhn vin phi c k nng nht nh
v cng ngh thng tin. Hin cng ty c s dng Google Docs, nhng ch dng
mc trao i, chia s ti liu.
Khng ch c vy, ng L c Quyt, Ph gim c Cng ty c phn Th
gii vn ti, cho bit ng vn cn e ngi khi a nhng thng tin lin quan n ti
chnh ca cng ty ln dch v in ton m my v khng bit c d liu ca
mnh u trn mng. ng Quyt cng ni m hnh ng dng in ton m
my ph thuc nhiu vo Internet m cha chc lc no cng c th truy cp vo
Internet.
Tm li, ngi vit mn li ca ng Hong L Minh - Vin trng Vin
Cng nghip phn mm v Ni dung s Vit Nam - kt thc bi vit ny: "Bn
cht ca in ton m my l s hi t cc thnh tu v nghin cu pht trin cc
cng ngh mi, cc quan im v ng dng CNTT hin nay trn th gii cng
nh Vit Nam. in ton m my cng l mt trong nhng khi nim m h nht
t trc n nay chng ta gp phi. N cng ging nh ci g trn cao, trong
my, chng ta khng th nhn bit c. Nhng cng chnh l mc tiu m hin
nay ngnh CNTT truyn thng ang hng ti.
C th ni in ton m my ang to c hi cho cc doanh nghip hot
ng hiu qu, thng minh v tit kim chi ph hn. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam
ang c iu kin thun li s dng nhng tin ch ny. vn l bn lnh ca
doanh nghip c dm ng dng cng ngh mi vo qun l iu hnh sn xut
kinh doanh hay khng m thi. V vy, d cng ty quy m ln hay nh, bn cng
nn th dng dch v ny, nu khng c th bn b l mt c hi kinh doanh
trong tng lai.

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

26

 ti TM HIU V IN TON M MY
HN

: TNG KT -

L U THAM KHO

1. Kt lu n
in ton m my l mt khi nim tru tng v cng rng ln, vi rt
nhiu mt v nhiu kha cnh khc nhau, mc d nhm tham kho v tm
hiu t rt nhiu ti liu nghin cu ca Google, cng nh ca nhiu trng i
hc danh ting khc trn th gii, nhng do nhng hn ch v thi gian v mn
hc nn nhm khng th phn tch ton din hn v m hnh in ton m
my. Tuy nhin bi bo co trn cng cho chng ta ci nhn tng quan v
mt s hiu bit nht nh v cng c in ton rt mnh ny.
2.

i iu tham kho
[1] http://www.google.com
[2] http://www.tailieu..vn/
[3] http://vi.scribd.com/

GVHD: Nguyn Trng Ngha

27