Bending and deflection calculation

Penstock Pipe
Input Data:
D

2032 mm

Penstock Pipe External Diameter

16 mm

Penstock Pipe Wall Thickness

10 mm

Maximum Expected Deflection

7.2 m

Cantilever Span of Penstock pipe

210 10

9.81

Young's Modulus of Elasticity

MPa

m
2
s
350 MPa

UTS

Accleration Due to Gravity

Material Yield Strength

490 MPa

Ultimate Tensile Strength

kg
3
m
kg

7850
s
3
m

Density of Water

1000

Density of Steel

Calculation
D

2 t

o
D

D
Z

Internal Diameter of Penstock pipe

0.0507 m

0.065 m

Elastic Scection Modulus PS Pipe

Plastic Scection Modulus PS Pipe

2
i
4

I 0.0515 m

Moment of Inertia

64

2m

4
4
D
o
i
32 D
o

o
4

g
2

N
m

Weight of water inside pipe

7803.6727

N
m

Weight of steel

w 38622.6967

N
m

Unit weight per meter (Self-Weight)

30819.0239

1/4

Deflection at Guided End (Maxumum Deflection)

3
4
F L
w L
max 12 E I 24 E I
(Maximum Deflection=Load exerted by Powerhouse (Point Load)+UDL due to Self Weight)

Deflection will be maximum at free end

4
w L
12 E I
max 24 E I
3
L

F 3.337 10

max

Load required to achieve 10 mm deflection

Bending Moment & Stress at Guided End (Ma)

w L
6

F L
2

1.2347 10

N m

Bending Moment at Guided End

243.6518 MPa

Bending Stress at Guided End

FOS

FOS

1.4365

Factor of Safety

Bending Moment & Stress at Fixed End (Mb)

w L
3

F L
2

1.2681 10

N m

Bending Moment at Guided End

250.2371 MPa

Bending Stress at Guided End

FOS

FOS

1.3987

Factor of Safety

Shear Stress at Fixed End (Maximum Shear Stress)

S

max

F w L

D
A

max

max

3.6151 10

A 0.1013 m

Maximum Shear Force

C/S area of Penstock Pipe

4
S

max
A

max

35.6743 MPa

Maximum Shear Stress

Checking for Local Buckling

(Ref: American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Specification 2010
Chapter F: F-8 Round HSS)
r

max

0.45

max

270

Maximum D/t ratio

r 127
o
which is less than max. Hence OK
t
Penstock pipe section is noncompact. so, r is
r

2/4

0.31

186
r
which is > r

Limiting width-to-Thickness ratio

for noncompact/slender member

Hence, for Noncompact Section,

M

n1

0.021 E
D
o
t

n2

n1

2.276 10

1.95 10

n2

N m

N m

Nominal Flexural strength for

noncompact Sections due to Yielding
Nominal Flexural strength for
noncompact Sections due to Local
Buckling

for Section with Slender walls,

M

0.33 E
Z
e
D
o
t

n3

M
M

Hence M

M
FOS

Mn

2.765 10

n3

n2

n1

N m

Nominal Flexural strength for

Sections with Slender Wall due to
Local Buckling

n3
Nominal Flexural Strength, Mn, shall
be the lower value obtained.

n2

FOS

FOS

Mn
Mn

1.537

Factor of Safety for Flexural Strength

1.5

OK as per ASCE MOP 79 for Steel Liners

Equivalent Stress Calculation

H

161.3 m

0.3 H

g
w

Gross Head at PS Section

H 209.69 m

g H

P 2.057 10

Design Head including 30% Surge Head

6

Pa

Design water pressure

P D

i
2 t

FOS

FOS

h
2

128.566 MPa
h

2.722

Hoop Stress
Factor of Safety for Hoop Stress

64.283 MPa

Longitudinal Stress due to pressure

Longitudinal Stress due to pressure and bending

te

co

te

co

314.52 MPa

185.954 MPa

Longitudinal Tensile Stress (Top of

the Pipe at Fixed End)
Longitudinal Compressive Stress
(Bottom of the Pipe at Fixed End)

So
S
S

e1
e1

2
h

te

Equivalent Stress -Mises Hencky Theory

(At top of pipe)

2
te

273.89 MPa

And

e1

OK

(Ref: ASCE Manuals and Reports on

Engineering Practice No. 79
- 3.4.13: Equivalent Stresses)
3/4

S
S

e2
e2

2
h

co

Equivalent Stress -Mises Hencky Theory

(At top of pipe)

2
co

273.89 MPa

e2

OK

(Ref: ASCE Manuals and Reports on

Engineering Practice No. 79
- 3.4.13: Equivalent Stresses)
Check for Operation Conditions
UTS
2.4

all

y
1.5

if a b
b
else
a

all

204.167 MPa

(Ref: ASCE Manuals and Reports on

Engineering Practice No. 79
- 3.5.3: Allowable Stress Intensities

Basic Allowable stress intensity

shall be minimum value obtained from
(UTS/2.4) and (y/1.5)

Welding Joint Efficiency for 100% RT

and double welded

For Normal Conditions

(Ref: ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 79 - Table 3-5)
K

Stress Increase Factor

So
N

all

all

all

all

204.167 MPa

Allowable stress for Normal Condition

Greater than the Hoop Stress(h):
Hence OK

For Emergency Conditions

(Ref: ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 79 - Table 3-5)
K

1.5

Stress Increase Factor

So
E

all

all

all

all

306.25 MPa
S

e2

4/4

Allowable stress for Normal Condition

Greater than Equivalent stress(Se2):
Hence OK