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M in:
Bo v kim loi khi n mn: gip vt liu tr nn bn
hn, chu c nhng iu kin khc nghit hn.
Tng cng; chng mi mn
Phc hi kch thc ca cc chi tit b mi mn.
Chc nng trang tr: cc lp m crm, vng, bc, hp kim
.
Trong k thut in v in t : tng dn in v bo
m tip xc tt.
Cac cong dung khac: Phn x quang v nhit; Dn
nhit; dn in; d hn; thm du .
u im : R tin, d thc hin
Mn+ + n M
Ma ien : s dung nguon ien
Ma hoa hoc : dung phan ng kh = pp hoa hoc
M hp kim
mLT = A.I.t/F
m : khoi lng chat kt ta; A: ng lng gam
I : lng ien chay qua dung dch; F: hang so Faraday
t : thi gian ien phan
Ty du m : ha hc, in ha
2) M :
Ph gia
Mt dng
3) Th ng ha:
n nh tnh cht b mt
Mu sc
Ty du
Ra
Bin i b mt
Phospht ha,
Ra
Mn+ + n M
Anod:
M - n Mn+
bm dnh
Khuch tn
Lp m
n mn; Mi mn;
xp
ng lc
Ph gia
Cu trc; Tnh cht
Nn
Gin ha hydro
Yu cu v lp m:
- Bm chc vo nn, khng bong trc
- Kt ta nh mn; yu cu v xp (ln, nh)
- Do; cng cao; dy theo yu cu
- Bng, M, .
Qu trnh kt ta
To mm
2 giai on
Pht trin mm
Kh nng phn b ca lp m
Mun thu c lp m tt th dy cc v tr khc nhau phi
ng u. Thc t m : bin lun dy hn, ch li dy
hn ch lm.
a) Tm hiu Nguyn nhn nh hng n s phn b ca lp
m loi tr
Hnh hc: i vi cc vt th phc tp lm cho khong cch
ant v catt khng ng u.
in ha: tc dng phn cc, mt dng.
b) Cc phng php ci thin s phn b ca lp m:
Dng dung dch mui phc
Tng khong cch gia anod v catod
Dng anod c hnh dng ging vi catod
Dng vt cn gia anod v catod cn bng khong
cch
tan
tan
+ Tay g: thng dung H2SO4 10% (de bay hi) hoac HCl 10%
(de gay gion hydro)
do :
Fe + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2
Chuan b be mat
Tay dau m
Tay g
Tay nhe
Trung hoa
CHUAN B BE MAT
ANH BONG HOA HOC
CHAI
BANG DAY AI
PHUN CAT
QUAY BONG
Dung cho cac chi tiet nho.
Nguyen tac: s co sat gia cac chi tiet vi nhau va gia chi tiet
vi nguyen lieu mai.
Van toc quay: ong vai tro quan trong (15 50 vong/phut)
Vt lieu
Toc o quay
(vong/phut)
18 30
14 18
10 14
PHUN CAT
Nguyen tac: dung kh nen thoi cat vao be mat chi tiet lam
bong cac tap chat.
Che o hat cua cat va ap lc khong kh phu thuoc vao nguyen
lieu va kch thc cua chi tiet.
Chi tiet sau khi phun cat xong can c x ly be mat ngay hay
chong g tam thi.
ng dung: cac chi tiet chnh xac, x ly be mat chi tiet trc khi ma,
oxi hoa, phosphate hoa
CHAI
He thong truc co gan ban chai hai au.
Nguyen tac: dung tnh an hoi cua cac si day kim loai e lam
bong lp g.
Day ban chai: thep, ong thiet, ong kem, long.
o cng day chai tuy thuoc vao loai nguyen lieu.
Tam
Day ai
Banh
dan
TAY DAU M
Nguyen nhan: cac loai dau m boi chong g hay thuoc anh bong
ngan can qua trnh ien ket tua kim loai, gay bong lp ma,
ong thi lam ban dung dch ma.
Tay dau hoa hoc; tay dau ien phan; tay dau thu cong
va tay dau trong thung quay.
Tay dau hoa hoc: dung phan ng hoa hoc hay cac chat HBM.
Tay dau ien phan: Toc o cao; heu suat cao va tay dau sach.
Mat o dong: 10 15 A/dm2 ; nhiet o: 60 70oC.
Tay dau thu cong va tay dau trong thung quay: phng phap
c kh -> thuan tien, gian n, linh hoat, chi tiet van am bao
o bong, khong b an mon. Toc o quay (tay dau trong thung
quay: 60 100 vong/phut).
Kim loai en
ong va hp
kim ong
Nhom, kem, ch
5 10
80 90
20 40
50 60
35
80 90
20 40
20 25
5 10
80 90
20 40
Na3PO4.
12H2O
Na2SiO3
20 30
10 20
50 60
20 25
NaOH Na2CO3
20 60
T oC
Thi
gian
(phut)
10 15
TAY G
Do chi tiet can ma thng co lp oxit phu ben ngoai.
Tien hanh sau khi tay dau.
Tay g hoa hoc va tay g ien hoa.
Tay g hoa hoc: dung axit manh hoa tan lp g; trong
qua trnh tay can cho them chat c che.
Tay g ien hoa: li dung phan ng ien cc e tach
lp g tren be mat chi tiet. u iem : tiet kiem hoa chat,
chat lng be mat tot, nang suat cao. Tuy nhien, phai
dung ien va thiet b phc tap.
1. Ma kem
2. Ma cadimi
3. Ma ch
4. Ma ong
5. Ma niken
6. Ma crom
1. Ma Kem
ien the chuan 0.763V nen la lp ma anot oi vi thep, ong,
niken va bao ve chung rat tot.
2. Ma Cd
- Lp ma cadimi gan bam tot vi nen kim loai, chu mai
mon tot
- o cng cua lp ma cadimi la 0,6 - 1,5 Gpa (1 Mpa =10
kg/cm2).
- Eo = 0,403 V. Cd la lp ma catot oi vi Fe, thep.
- Nc bien, co mat cac ion Cl- va SO42-, ien the Cd tr
nen am hn, Cd bien thanh lp ma anot oi vi Fe thep.
- Ma Cd: cac ren ghep can noi that kn, lam viec 2500C,
chong an mon ien hoa cho cac mat tiep xuc gia ong
vi nhom hay thep.
- Chieu day cua lp ma Cd thng t 12 en 18 m
3. Ma ch:
- o cng lp ma ch 60 - 90 Mpa.
- Eo = 0,126 V, lp ma ch la catot so vi Fe va ch bao ve c
thep khoi an mon khi lp ma ch u day e khong con lo thung.
- Dung e bao ve thiet b chong lai tac dung cua H2SO4 va khong
kh co cha SO2 va H2S; e chong tia X; e bao ve moc treo khi
tay bong ien hoa cho kim loai trong H2SO4, cromic., e che tao
cac anot phu trong ma crom.
- Lp ma ch co o chu mai mon rat cao.
- Lp ma ch bam rat tot tren nen ong va hp kim ong, con oi
vi thep th phai ma ken trc khi ma ch.
- Chieu day lp ma co the 3 2000 m
- Dung dch ma ch eu co phan cc catot be nen lp ma tho, de
sinh nhnh cay
4. Ma ong:
- Cu/Cu2+ :+ 0.34V, Cu/Cu+: + 0.52V.
- Lp ma catot oi vi Fe, thep
- Neu co lo thung trong lp ma ong th trong khong kh am
lap tc hnh thanh mot vi pin an mon Cu - Fe, trong o Fe thep
la anot hoa tan va qua trnh an mon xay ra rat manh.
- Lp ma ong de anh bong, bam gan tot vi nhieu kim loai
nh Ni, Cr, Ag ong thng dung ma lot cho nhieu lp ma
khac.
- Chieu day lp ma ong :
+ Ma lot di Ni hay Cr : 6 30 m
+ Ma len kim loai en de han : 6 30 m
+ Ma ghep hnh nghe thuat : tren 1000 m
5. Ma niken:
o cng cua lp ma Ni : 2500 4000 Mpa; cua Ni bong: 4500 5000 Mpa
- Lp ma Ni thng cng va gion.
- on nh pH rt quan trng v:
+ pH nho : th Ni kho ket tua va tren catot ch co thoat kh H.
+ pH tang : H va Ni cung phong ien ong thi
+ pH cao hieu suat dong thoat Ni cang ln, nhng neu qua cao
th co s xuat hien ket tua hydroxyt Ni hoac oxyt lan vao lp
ma gay lo.
- Hien tng ro
6. Ma crom
Eo = 0,7 V, Cr chong an mon tot.
- Trong khong kh am, ien the + 0,2 V, Cr la lp ma catot oi vi
thep nen phai kn mi co kha nang bao ve.
- ma trang sc rat mong trong he lp ma bao ve-trang sc (o day
0.3-1m),
- ma Cr bao ve chong an mon
- ma Cr cng phuc hoi chi tiet may a b may mon
- chu mai mon va va ap: kn va xop.
- Lp ma Cr co cau tao tinh the nho mn: rt bng
Ma nhung
ng nong
ng
IN PHN SN XUT
KIM LOI BT
KL bt thng c s dng:
Luyn kim : s/x hp kim
Xc tc
Pigment
S/x vt liu compact, .
u im ca pp in ha:
p dng c cho rt nhiu KL
C th s/x hp kim
tinh khit cao
Gi thnh phi chng
C th thay i cht lng theo yu cu bng cch thay i
iu kin in phn, thnh phn dung dch v b mt in cc
Bt hnh thnh c b mt ring ln, rt tt lm xc tc,
D dng t ng ha v lin tc qu trnh sn xut
th ng anod
Nhc im :
Hnh dng v kch c ht c th b bt thng
(hnh nhnh cy,) gy kh khn cho mt s
ng dng.
B mt ring qu ln KL rt hot ng
gy kh khn cho vn bo qun.
o dng
Catod quay
To hn hng vi Hg