Association of Genocide Scholars

Department of Government
College of William and Mary
Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 USA
757/221-3038, Fax 757/221-1868

Executive Board
Roger W. Smith, President
Frank Chalk, Vice President
Jack Nusen Porter, Vice President
Steven L. Jacobs, Treasurer

The Armenian Genocide Resolution Unanimously Passed By The

Association of Genocide Scholars of North America
The Armenian Genocide Resolution was unanimously passed at the Association
of Genocide Scholars conference in Montreal on June 13, 1997.

Resolution
That this assembly of the Association of Genocide Scholars in its conference held
in Montreal, June 11-13, 1997, reaffirms that the mass murder of over a million
Armenians in Turkey in 1915 is a case of genocide which conforms to the statutes
of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of
Genocide. It further condemns the denial of the Armenian Genocide by the
Turkish government and its official and unofficial agents and supporters.
Among the prominent scholars who supported the resolution were: Roger W.
Smith (College of William & Mary; President of AGS); Israel Charny (Hebrew
University, Jerusalem); Helen Fein, Past President AGS); Frank Chalk (Concordia
University, Montreal); Ben Kiernan (Yale University); Anthony Oberschall
(University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill); Mark Levene (Warwick University,
UK); Rhoda Howard (McMaster University, Canada), Michael Freeman (Essex
University, UK), Gunnar Heinsohn (Bremen University, Germany)
The Association of Genocide Scholars is an international, interdisciplinary, non-partisan organization
dedicated to the understanding and prevention of Genocide. The Association is an affiliate of The Institute
For the Study of Genocide, New York. Dr. Helen Fein, executive director.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GENOCIDE SCHOLARS

EXECUTIVE BOARD:
President
Israel W. Charny
Institute on Holocaust & Genocide
POB 10311
91102 Jerusalem, Israel
encygeno@mail.com
First Vice-President
Gregory Stanton
Genocide Watch
POB 809
Washington, DC 20044, USA
IAGSVP@aol.com
Second Vice-President
Linda Melvern
London, England, UK
linda@melvern.co.uk
Secretary-Treasurer
Steven Leonard Jacobs
University of Alabama
Dept. of Religious Studies
212 Manly Hall, Box 870264
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0264, USA
sjacobs@bama.ua.edu
Tel: 205-348-0473
Fax: 205-348-6621
ADVISORY COUNCIL:
Joyce Apsel, USA
jaa5@nyu.edu
Peter Balakian, USA
Pbalakian@mail.colgate.edu
Jerry Fowler, USA
jfowler@ushmm.org
Alex Hinton, USA
ahinton@andromeda.rutgers.edu
William Schabas, Ireland
william.schabas@nuigalway.ie
Eric Weitz, USA
weitz004@umn.edu
Immediate Past President
Robert Melson, USA
melson@polsci.purdue.edu
EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS OF
COUNCIL:
Legal Consultant
Michael J. Bazyler, USA
bazyler@aol.com
Liaison Holocaust & Genocide
Programs, & Website Manager
Stephen Feinstein, USA
feins001@umn.edu
European Liaison
Eric Markusen, Denmark & USA
eka@diis.dk
Editor, Newsletter & Bulletin Board
Marc I. Sherman, Israel
marc_sherman@mail.com

An Open Letter Concerning Historians Who Deny the Armenian Genocide:

October 1, 2006
As the major organization that studies genocide, we write this letter to address
the issue of professional scholars who support the Turkish governments position that
what happened to the Armenians in 1915 was not planned by the Ottoman government
and did not constitute genocide.
Scholars who deny the facts of genocide in the face of the overwhelming
scholarly evidence are not engaging in historical debate, but have another agenda. In
the case of the Armenian Genocide, the agenda is to absolve Turkey of responsibility for
the planned extermination of the Armeniansan agenda consistent with every Turkish
ruling party since the time of the Genocide in 1915.
Scholars who dispute that what happened to the Armenians in the Ottoman
Empire in 1915 constitutes genocide blatantly ignore the overwhelming historical and
scholarly evidence. Most recently, this is the case with the works of Mr. Justin McCarthy
and Mr. Guenter Lewy, whose books engage in severely selective scholarship that
grossly distorts history. As noted genocide scholar Deborah Lipstadt has written:
Denial of genocide whether that of the Turks against the Armenians, or the Nazis
against the Jews is not an act of historical reinterpretation . . . . The deniers aim at
convincing innocent third parties that there is an other side of the story . . . when there is
no other side.
As scholars Roger Smith, Eric Markusen, and Robert Jay Lifton noted in their
article Professional Ethics and the Denial of the Armenian Genocide (Holocaust and
Genocide Studies, Spring 95), scholars who engage in denying genocide are motivated
by various factors, including careerism. A Reuters report (3/24/05), Turkey enlists US
scholar to fight genocide claims, underscores the degree to which Mr. McCarthy works
with the Turkish government in its effort to undermine the truth about the Armenian
Genocide.
We believe it is important to note that in serving the Turkish government, Mr.
McCarthy and others like him bolster a government with a long-standing history of
abusing minorities, intellectuals, and the principle of free expression. In the 1990s,
according to Human Rights Watch and PEN International, Turkey had jailed or detained
more writers than any other country in the world. Today Turkey has put on trial some of
its most distinguished writers like Orhan Pamuk for mentioning the Armenian Genocide
and hundreds of other writers are facing jail sentences for expressing their intellectual
ideas. For scholars to support a state with a record of this kind raises profound
questions about their professional ethics.
Whatever the agendas or tactics are of the few non-Turkish historians who
support the Turkish governments version of history, their claims are the same: 1) all the
documents that scholars have used for decades to write about the Armenian Genocide
are forgeries or otherwise unreliable; 2) the Young Turk regime did not intend to destroy
the Armenian population the massive deaths were a result of war, not genocide; 3)
these were hard times for the Ottoman Empire and many Turkish people, especially
soldiers, died, as did Armenian civilians, from famine, disease, wartime chaos, not from
systematic slaughter; 4) the Armenians are to blame for their fate because they were a
Fifth Column allied with Turkeys enemy, the Russians, who were fighting against the
Ottoman Empire in World War I, somehow even justifying the massacre of Armenian
women and children.

We believe it is important to underscore the scholarly record on the Armenian Genocide.

The documentation on the Armenian Genocide is abundant and overwhelming. The Armenian Genocide was
the most well-known human rights issue of its time and was reported regularly in newspapers across the United States
and Europe. The Armenian Genocide is abundantly documented by thousands of official records of the United States
and nations around the world including Turkeys wartime allies Germany, Austria, and Hungary; by Ottoman courtmartial records; by eyewitness accounts of missionaries and diplomats; by the testimony of survivors; and by decades
of historical scholarship. There are over four thousand U. S. State Department reports in the National Archives, written
by neutral American diplomats, confirming what U.S. Ambassador Henry Morgenthau called a campaign of race
extermination. Additional evidence is in the British Parliamentary Blue Book, The Treatment of the Armenians in the
Ottoman Empire 1915-16, compiled by Lord Bryce and Arnold Toynbee; in Austrian and German foreign office records
(Turkeys wartime allies), now available as books; and in the Ottoman Parliamentary Gazette which recorded the
confessions of government and military officials during the Constantinople war-crimes tribunal held after World War I.
Mr. Lewy claims the Gazette records are invalid, even though their authenticity has been validated by meticulous
scholarship. Add to this overwhelming body of official evidence, thousands of pages of eyewitness accounts from relief
workers, missionaries, and survivors, and it is indisputable that the Armenian Genocide is a proven history.
On April 24, 1915, under cover of World War I, the Young Turk government of the Ottoman Empire began a
systematic, well-planned and organized genocide of its Armenian citizens an unarmed Christian minority population.
More than a million Armenians were exterminated through direct killing, starvation, torture, and forced death marches.
The rest of the Armenian population fled into permanent exile. Thus an ancient civilization was expunged from its
homeland of 2,500 years.
The Armenian Genocide is corroborated by the international scholarly, legal, and human rights community:
1) Polish jurist Raphael Lemkin, when he coined the term genocide in 1944, cited the Turkish extermination of the
Armenians and the Nazi extermination of the Jews as defining examples of what he meant by genocide.
2) The killings of the Armenians is genocide as defined by the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention
and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
3) In 1997 the International Association of Genocide Scholars, an organization of the worlds foremost experts on
genocide, unanimously passed a formal resolution affirming the fact of the Armenian Genocide.

4) 126 leading scholars of the Holocaust including Elie Wiesel and Yehuda Bauer placed a statement in the New
York Times in June 2000 declaring the incontestable fact of the Armenian Genocide and urging western
democracies to acknowledge it.
5) The Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide (Jerusalem), and the Institute for the Study of Genocide (NYC),
have affirmed the historical fact of the Armenian Genocide.
6) Every book on comparative genocide in the English language contains a segment on the Armenian Genocide.
Leading texts in the international law of genocide such as William A. Schabass Genocide in International Law
(Cambridge University Press, 2000) cite the Armenian Genocide as a precursor to the Holocaust and as a precedent
for the law on crimes against humanity.
Roger Smith, Eric Markusen, and Robert Jay Lifton wrote in Professional Ethics and the Denial of the
Armenian Genocide (Holocaust and Genocide Studies): Where scholars deny genocide in the face of decisive
evidence . . . they contribute to false consciousness that can have the most dire reverberations. Their message, in
effect, is . . . mass murder requires no confrontation, but should be ignored, glossed over. In this way scholars lend
their considerable authority to the acceptance of this ultimate crime.
Sincerely,
Professor Israel Charny
President
International Association of Genocide Scholars
Professor Robert Melson
Past President
International Association of Genocide Scholars
Gregory Stanton
Vice-President
International Association of Genocide Scholars

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GENOCIDE SCHOLARS

President
Israel Charny (Israel)
Vice-President
Gregory H. Stanton (USA)
Secretary-Treasurer
Steven Jacobs (USA)

June 13, 2005

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan
TC Easbakanlik
Bakanlikir
Ankara, Turkey
FAX: 90 312 417 0476
Dear Prime Minister Erdogan:
We are writing you this open letter in response to your call for an impartial study by historians
concerning the fate of the Armenian people in the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
We represent the major body of scholars who study genocide in North America and Europe. We are
concerned that in calling for an impartial study of the Armenian Genocide you may not be fully aware of
the extent of the scholarly and intellectual record on the Armenian Genocide and how this event conforms
to the definition of the United Nations Genocide Convention. We want to underscore that it is not just
Armenians who are affirming the Armenian Genocide but it is the overwhelming opinion of scholars who
study genocide: hundreds of independent scholars, who have no affiliations with governments, and whose
work spans many countries and nationalities and the course of decades. The scholarly evidence reveals the
following:
On April 24, 1915, under cover of World War I, the Young Turk government of the Ottoman Empire
began a systematic genocide of its Armenian citizens an unarmed Christian minority population. More
than a million Armenians were exterminated through direct killing, starvation, torture, and forced death
marches. The rest of the Armenian population fled into permanent exile. Thus an ancient civilization was
expunged from its homeland of 2,500 years.
The Armenian Genocide was the most well-known human rights issue of its time and was reported
regularly in newspapers across the United States and Europe. The Armenian Genocide is abundantly
documented by thousands of official records of the United States and nations around the world including
Turkeys wartime allies Germany, Austria and Hungary, by Ottoman court-martial records, by eyewitness
accounts of missionaries and diplomats, by the testimony of survivors, and by decades of historical
scholarship.
The Armenian Genocide is corroborated by the international scholarly, legal, and human rights
community:
1) Polish jurist Raphael Lemkin, when he coined the term genocide in 1944, cited the Turkish
extermination of the Armenians and the Nazi extermination of the Jews as defining examples of what
he meant by genocide.

2) The killings of the Armenians is genocide as defined by the 1948 United Nations Convention on
the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.
3) In 1997 the International Association of Genocide Scholars, an organization of the worlds
foremost experts on genocide, unanimously passed a formal resolution affirming the Armenian
Genocide.
4) 126 leading scholars of the Holocaust including Elie Wiesel and Yehuda Bauer placed a statement
in the New York Times in June 2000 declaring the incontestable fact of the Armenian Genocide and
urging western democracies to acknowledge it.
5) The Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide (Jerusalem), the Institute for the Study of Genocide
(NYC) have affirmed the historical fact of the Armenian Genocide.
6) Leading texts in the international law of genocide such as William A. Schabass Genocide in
International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2000) cite the Armenian Genocide as a precursor to
the Holocaust and as a precedent for the law on crimes against humanity.
We note that there may be differing interpretations of how and why the Armenian Genocide
happened, but to deny its factual and moral reality as genocide is not to engage in scholarship but in
propaganda and efforts to absolve the perpetrator, blame the victims, and erase the ethical meaning of this
history.
We would also note that scholars who advise your government and who are affiliated in other ways
with your state-controlled institutions are not impartial. Such so-called scholars work to serve the agenda
of historical and moral obfuscation when they advise you and the Turkish Parliament on how to deny the
Armenian Genocide. In preventing a conference on the Armenian Genocide from taking place at Bogacizi
University in Istanbul on May 25, your government revealed its aversion to academic and intellectual
freedoma fundamental condition of democratic society.
We believe that it is clearly in the interest of the Turkish people and their future as a proud and equal
participant in international, democratic discourse to acknowledge the responsibility of a previous
government for the genocide of the Armenian people, just as the German government and people have done
in the case of the Holocaust.
Signed: Approved Unanimously at the Sixth biennial meeting of
THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GENOCIDE SCHOLARS
June 7, 2005, Boca Raton, Florida
Contact: Israel Charny, President; Executive Director, Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide,
Jerusalem, Editor-in-Chief, Encyclopedia of Genocide; encygeno@mail.com
Gregory H. Stanton, Vice President; President, Genocide Watch, James Farmer Visiting Professor of
Human Rights, University of Mary Washington; 703-448-0222; genocidewatch@aol.com