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0985052510
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0985052510
Cu
65 x + 63 y
= 63,54
x+ y
Cu29 (M = 65)
63,54 63 = 0,54
M
Cu
= 63,54
63
Cu29 (M = 63)
65 63,54 = 1,46
%65Cu29 =
27
73
27.100%
= 27%
27 + 73
Bi tp tng t:
1. KLNT trung bnh ca Brom l 79,91. Brom c 2 ng v trong t nhin l
79
Br35 v 81Br35. Tnh hm lng phn trm ca mi ng v trong t nhin?
2. KLNT trung bnh ca Antimon l 121,76. Antimon c 2 ng v trong t
nhin l 121Sb51 v 123Sb51 . Tnh hm lng phn trm ca mi ng v?
3. KLNT trung bnh ca nguyn t Bo l 10,812. Mi khi c 94 nguyn t
10
B5 th c bao nhiu nguyn t 11B5 ?
B
hh
28 x + 2 y
= 32.0,3125 = 10
x+ y
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0985052510
hh
18
= 32.0,3125 = 10
H2 (M = 2)
%VN2 =
4.100%
= 30,77%
4+9
Bi tp tng t:
1, Cn thm bao nhiu lt kh N2 vo 29,12 lt hn hp kh VD trn thu c
mt hn hp mi c t khi hi so vi O2 l 0,46875.
2, Mt hn hp kh gm N2 v H2 c t khi hi so vi kh Hidro l 3,6. Sau khi
un nng mt thi gian vi bt st 550*C th thy t khi ca hn hp kh so vi
Hidro tng ln v bng 4,5.
a, Tnh thnh phn ca hn hp kh trc v sau phn ng
b, Tnh xem c bao nhiu phn trm th tch ca N2 v Hidro tham gia
phn ng. Cho bit phn ng gia N2 v H2 xy ra khng hon ton:
2NH3
N2 + 3H2
3, Khi ha tan hon ton 2,72 gam hn hp Canxi cacbua (CaC2) v Nhm cacbua
(Al4C3) vo dung dch HCl 2M ngi ta thu c mt lng kh c t khi so vi
Hidro bng 10.
a, Xc nh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc cht rn ban u.
b, Tnh th tch dung dch HCl 2M ti thiu cn dng ha tan hn hp.
c, Tnh th tch kh thu c 27,3*C v 836 mm Hg
4, T khi ca mt hn hp gm O2 v O3 i vi He l 10,24. Nu cho hn hp
ny i t t qua dung dch KI c d th thu c 50 lt kh.
a, Xc nh th tch ca O2 v O3 c trong hn hp
b, Cn thm vo hn hp trn bao nhiu lt kh O3 thu c hn hp mi
c t khi so vi He l 10,667.
5, Trn 13 gam mt kim loi M c ha tr 2 ( M ng trc Hidro trong dy
Bktp) vi Lu hunh ri nung nng phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c
cht rn A. Cho A phn ng vi 300ml dung dch H2SO4 1M (acid ly d), th thu
c hn hp kh B nng 5,2 gam (t khi hi ca B vi Oxi l 0,8125) v dung
dch C.
a, Xc nh kim loi M v nng mol/lit ca dung dch C (gi s th tch
dung dch khng i). Bit rng mui MSO4 tan trong nc.
b, Cho 250ml dung dch NaOH c nng cha bit vo dung dch C th
thu c 1 kt ta. em nung kt ta n khi lng khng i th c
cht rn D nng 6,075 gam. Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH.
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0985052510
(i hc Ti chnh 1988)
Dnh cho hc sinh lp 11
Dng 3: Tnh ton trong pha ch dung dch
X a
m
= 1
m2
A X
2, Nng mol/lit:
Trn V1 (lit) dung dch A (mol/l) vi V2 (lit) dung dch a (mol/l) vi gi thit
th tch dung dch hao ht khng ng k th ta c dung dch c nng X
(mol/l) tha mn:
V1 A (M)
X-a
X (M)
V2 a (M)
AX
X a
V
= 1
V2
A X
VD: Cn bao nhiu ml dd NaCl 3% pha 500 ml dung dch nc mui sinh l,
gi thit rng t khi ca dung dch thay i khng ng k?
(Bi thc tp Ha Sinh ca SV nm th 2 khoa Sinh hc H KHTN HN)
Nc mui sinh l l dung dch NaCl 0,9%
Cch 1:
t x, y ln lt l th tch ca NaCl 3% v H2O cn dng (0 < x,y <500).
Ta c h phng trnh:
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0985052510
V = x+ y = 500 (ml)
mNaCl = x.3% = 500.0,9%
Gii h trn, ta c: x = 150 ml v y = 350 ml
Cch 2:
p dng cng thc ng cho, ta c:
NaCl (3%)
0,9
NaCl (0,9%)
2,1
H2O (0%)
VNaCl =
0,9
. 500 = 150 ml
2,1 + 0,9
Bi tp tng t:
1, Trnh by cch pha dd ethanol 50% t 2 dd ethanol 90% v 30%.
2, Cn dng bao nhiu gam nc ha tan 1,4 mol xt th thu c dung dch
25%
3, Phi ha tan bao nhiu ml dd HCl 1,6M vi 20 ml dd HCl 0,5M c dung
dch CuSO4
4, Xc nh th tch dung dch HCl 10M v th tch H2O cn dng pha thnh
400ml dd 2M
5, Xc nh lng nc cn dng ha tan 188g Kali oxit iu ch dd KOH
5,6%
6, Cn bao nhiu gam dd Fe(NO3)2 20% v bao nhiu gam H2O pha thnh 500g
dd Fe(NO3)2 8%.
Ch : Cch lm trn cn c th p dng trong cc bi ton pha ch dung dch
biu din qua pH, bn c t ly VD (Sao bng lnh gi)
Dng 4: Tnh thnh phn mui trong phn ng n baz vi a acid
y l dng ton c gii thiu c trong chng trnh Ha hc lp 9 v
Chng Nit Phospho trong Ha hc 11. Tuy nhin, cc Gio vin v Hc sinh
vn cn i theo li mn trong vic gii quyt dng Ton ny.
VD: Thm 250ml dung dch NaOH 2M vo 200ml dung dch H3PO4 1,5M
a, Tnh khi lng mui to thnh?
b, Tnh nng mol/l ca dung dch to thnh?
(Bi tp 80 trang 100 Gii Ton Ha hc 11 - Nguyn Trng Th (ch bin))
Cch 1: (y chnh l li mn)
Phn ng gia NaOH v H3PO4 c th xy ra nh sau:
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NaOH
H3PO4
0985052510
H2O
(1)
H2O
(2)
nNaOH
=2
nH3 PO4
(3)
nNaOH
=3
nH3 PO4
2NaOH
H3PO4
Na2HPO4
3NaOH
H3PO4
Na3PO4
y,
nNaOH
=1
nH3 PO4
NaH2PO4
H2O
nNaOH
0, 2.5, 2 0,5
=
=
= 1,67 1 < 1,67 < 2
nH3 PO4
0, 2.1,5 0,3
0,1
= o,22M
0, 45
0, 2
=
= 0,44M
0, 45
[ NaH 2 PO4 ] =
[ Na2 HPO4 ]
nNaOH
, v nu p dng ng cho, ta c nh sau:
nH3 PO4
2/3
Na2HPO4 (n1 = 2)
n =
NaH2PO4 (n2 = 1)
M tng s mol H3PO4 l
H 3 PO4
0, 2.5, 2
0,5
=
0, 2.1,5
0,3
1/3 1
= 0,3
Nn d dng c kt qu nh trn.
Ghi ch: y khng phi l mt dng Ton hay gp v quan trng nn ngh
bn c t ly VD thm
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0985052510
CaCO3 (M = 100)
M=
MgCO3 (M = 84)
0,2 mol
284
3
16
3
0,1 mol
Bi tp tng t:
1. Mt dung dch X cha 2 mui ACl2 v BCl2 (A, B l 2 kim loi thuc cng mt
phn nhm chnh v 2 chu k lien tip). Tng kh lng 2 mui l 44,5 gam.
Dung dch phn ng va vi dung dch cha AgNO3 v Pb(NO3)2 to ra kt
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0985052510
ta nng 140,8 gam. Dung dch Y khi tc dng vi H2SO4 d cho ra 70,9 gam kt
ta.
a, Tnh s mol AgNO3 v Pb(NO3) cha trong dung dch Y
b, Suy ra tng s mol ACl2 v BCl2 trong dung dch X. Xc nh A, B v s
mol mi mui ACl2, BCl2.
2. Xt mt hn hp 2 mui Clorua ca 2 kim loi kim A v B vi khi lng
nguyn t ca A nh hn ca B v A, B 2 chu k lin tip. Cho 19,15g hn hp
X tc dng va vi 300g dung dch AgNO3, sau phn ng ta thu c 43,05g
kt ta v mt dung dch D.
a, Xc nh nng phn trm ca dung dch AgNO3
b, C cn dung dch D ta thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
c, nh tn v khi lng cc mui Clorua trong hn hp X
Cho: Li = 7, Na = 23, K = 39, Rb = 85, Cs = 133, Ag = 108, N = 14, Cl = 35,5, O
= 16
3. Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A v B cng c ha tr 2, c khi lng nguyn
t ca X l 19,3 gam
a, Xc nh A, B v khi lng A, B trong X bit rng khi cho X tc dng
vi dung dch HCl d ch c A tan cho ra 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc)
b, Nu ly cng mt lng X nh trn cho vo 200ml dung dch Y cha cha
AgNO3 1M v Hg(NO3)2 0,5M, tnh khi lng cht rn Z thu c (Hg =
200)
4. Mt hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc 2 chu k lien
tip ca bng h thng tun hon c tng khi lng l 41,9 gam.
a, Xc nh A, B v s mol mi cacbonat trong hn hp X bit rng khi cho
X tc dng vi H2SO4 d v cho kh CO2 to ra phn ng ht vi nc vi
d ta c 35 gam kt ta.
b, Dng 83,8 gam hn hp X cho tc dng vi 1 dung dch Y cha HCl 0,3M
v H2SO4 0,2M. Phi dng bao nhiu lt dung dch Y phn ng va vi
lng X trn, bit phn ng to ra CO2?
5. Mt hn hp X gm 2 kim loi A, B (u ha tr 2) vi MA MB, mX = 9,7
gam. Hn hp X tan ht trong 200 ml dung dch Y cha H2SO4 12M v HNO3 2M
to ra hn hp Z gm 2 kh SO2 v NO c t khi ca Z i vi H2 bng 23,5 v V
= 2,588 lt (ktc) v dung dch T
a, Tnh s mol SO2 v NO trong hn hp Z
b, Xc nh A, B v khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp X
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0985052510
1
y = 39,2 g
3
x 5
39, 2 28
= 0, 7 mol . Nh vy, t l = .
16
y 7
x 2
= )
y 3
1
28
Fex Oy (
Fe3O4 (
x 3
= )
y 4
x 5
= )
y 7
1
21
t cng tm ra c kt qu nh trn.
Chc cc bn tm c nhiu iu th v khi p dng linh hot phng php gii
ton ha hc ny!
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