Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Objectives:
1.Explain the meaning of a goal.
2. Identify and set effective goals for your U
study.
3. Differentiate between short-term goals
(STG) and long-term goals. (LTG)
Career
To get
promoted to
a higher
position.
To do something
To be equal with
positive with my life. my friends.
Career
Personal
Satisfaction
Social
Others
(fill in)
a.
a. I will get high scores for all my exams.
b. I will get no less than 75 marks for all my
exams.
1. (b) is definitely more specific and measureable
because you can judge when you have
completed or reached the goal-75 marks or
more.
You need to identify your potential obstacles so that you can begin
to prepare to overcome them. You may do this by learning useful
strategies, which we shall discuss in other sections in this course.
When you have set your goals, you must always review them to
determine how you can achieve them. To help you focus on your
goals, ask yourself the following questions:
What goal related skills or knowledge do I have?
How do I get additional skills or knowledge?
What resources do I need and where can I get them?
What help or assistance do I need?
What obstacles will I face in achieving my goals?
What can I do to reduce or overcome these obstacles?
Remember you do not need to achieve success all the time.
Bill Lim, Success is not the goal, but the journey towards the goal.
Objectives:
1. Explain the meaning of motivation.
2. Apply motivaional strategies in your learning.
3. Apply techniques to enhance your memory skills
in learning.
4. Evaluate your stress level and allocate your time
for study, work and other daily tasks.
1. an encouragement.
2. Extrinsic motivation = encouragement from
outside or external force.
3. Is the driving power behind all our actions.
4. Intrinsic motivation = motivation from within
5. If you are intrinsically motivated you do not
need external encouragement or rewards to
study hard.
6. Motivation is a goal-directed behaviour.
7. Our motivation depends on our own individual
values and beliefs.
Column A
My ideal condition
Column B
Put a / in this column if the
condition is present in your
study environment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3. List down the changes that you think you have to make
to your study environment.
_______________________________________________
4. Have incentives
give yourself a reward when you have achieved an objective
and this will motivate you greatly.
5. Be positive
Be positive when faced with unpleasant incidents and
disappointments.
When faced with problems seek solutions by taking
advantage of the support of your friends, colleagues, family
members and tutors.
6. Learn actively
take initiative to look for additonal references in the library or
Internet.
Preferred Time
Types of Residences
Types of Marriages
Marriage Customs
Egalitarian
Matrilocal
Monogamy
Endogamy
Extended
Neolocal
Polygamy
Exogamy
Matriarchal
patrilocal
Polygyny
Nuclear
patriarchal
polyandry
1. Take the first letter of each word in the info to help you
remember.
e.g. The characteristics of effective goals can be
remembered by using the mnemonic SMART.
S Specific
M Measurable
A Attainable
R Relevant
T - Time
1. Using note card to enhance memory is basically based on the flash card
concept.
2.
Formulas, concepts or important dates are written on one side of the card
while their difinitions, details, meanings or elaboration are written on the
other side.
3.
4.
Reading through these note cards saves time and increases efficiency
during revision.
e.g.
Front of card:
Overcome The Hurdle
to Academic Success
Critical Thinking
pg. 27
Back of card:
Process of thinking to evaluate whether
info is :
Accurate
Complete
Elaboration of Critical
Thinking
Trustworthy
Applicable
to a particular situation
avoid cramming
try to revise the materials that you studied the previous day.
even when you think you know the material, study it.
Date
Week
A
B
1 2 3 4 5
Assign.
10%
7 8 9 10
11
12
Assignments
20 %
Test20%
C
D
Others
In the planner above, write down the dates for a particular week in the Date column, for
e.g., for Week 1, you may write: 2nd 8th Oct. Four separate rows in the planner, namely
A,B,C and D have been drawn for the 4 courses you are taking for the semester. Increase
the no. of rows if you take more courses. The last row, labelled Other has been included
for your work, family and social events. In this case, you may write, for e.g. meeting or
wedding.
A weekly schedule should be used , which should be made once a week preferably on a
Sunday night before the week begins. This includes:
a.
all classes
b.
exercise routine
c.
work
d.
extracurricular activities
e.
housekeeping duties
f.
sleeping
g.
eating
Make sure to leave blank spaces to fit in necessary activities as they come up. These blanks
should be utilised for studying and the completion of assignments. Study time should be
scheduled for at least two hours a day. Do you still remember the total number of hours
you need which was mentioned in Unit 2?
Make a list of what you have to complete during the coming weeks, including assignments
and office work. Include also your family and personal activites. In other words, identify
and take note of deadlines. It is important to estimate how long each task will take.
Prioritise your activities. List down the activites in order of importance. Give priority to those
activities which are important and must be done during the week. The less important
acitvites can be done in another week or when you have less load. Remember, as part
time student, it is advisable to set aside at least an hour everyday for your studies! Then
identify the day on which you will accomplish each task, keeping in mind the amount of
time the task will take and other things you must also do that day.
Day/Time
355pm 7pm
799pm 11pm
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
After you have prepared the schedule, go through it to see how you can re-schedule
it to make it more effective. You may also keep your schedule in a visible place, for
e.g. next to your desk/pin it on a board. Look at it everyday to remind yourself of
your proposed schedule.
Before you start your day every morning, write out a daily schedule .
Include uncompleted tasks from the previous day as well as new tasks.
The list of tasks to be done should be kept short, about 5 or 6 items,
both academic and personal. The items should be small specific goals
such as : Read 5 pages in Learning Skills.
It should not be a whole unit of the course materials. As you write out
your daily schedule, arrange them in order of importance. Some
activities must be done on a particular day while others may be done on
another day. This can definitely reduce your stress level.
Then, you must use your schedules every day and learn to say no to
acivities which are not relevant.
In this way, you are more likely to keep to your schedule. For every
item which you have accomplished, draw a line across the item. The
more lines you see on the list, the more you feel satisfied you should
feel.
Take a break when you have finished all the tasks for the day. If you
often find you cannot finish all the tasks most of the days, you need to
review youe schedule.
List of Things To Do
Order of Priority
Use the sample above to create your own daily schedule list.
After you have made your semester plan, weekly plan and daily plan, the next most important thing to do is to
stick to your schedule. it is a common weakness among students to forget about hteir schedule after a few weeks
of drawing it up.
Following a regular schedule has many advantages:
It will help motivate you
When you plan and carry out your study in frequent but small,
manageable chunks, it makes your life easier.
A study schedule means that you dont waste time but rather have time
for other commitments.
A schedule also helps you to track your progress. You can see that you
have achieved set tasks, completed assignments on time and made good
progress.
Stress
Good Stress
Bad Stress
(Eustress)
(Distress)
1. Good Stress = getting up on time and attending all your tutorial classes.
2.
Stress challenges students to do their best and keeps learning and growing.
3.
4.
This stress prompts students to study harder, longer and learn more = +ve stress trigger =
functional stress.
5.
Stress that lasts a short period of time can rapidly motivates us.
6.
A stress that lasts too long, happens too often, or is too strong may bring us physical,
behavioural, and psychological problems = -ve stress = dysfunctional stress.
7.
Examples of bad stress = going to class unprepared, your health, financial problems,or even
a hungry stomach.
1. What do you consider to be good stress in your life since you started
studying at WOU ?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. Why are they good ?
__________________________________________________________
3. What is bad stress ?
__________________________________________________________
4. Who can you consult for help on this matter ?
___________________________________________________________
Do you want to find out your stress level ? There is a test to find
out your stress level at this website :
http://www.lessons4living.com/stress_test.htm
All you have to do is to provide a Yes or No answer to 20
simple questions about yourself. You will know you stress
immediately after you submit your answers online. Your score
shows that you are stressed, then you need to take some action.
Feelings
Thoughts
Anxiety
Irritability
Difficulty in
concentrating
Fear
Forgetfulness
Moodiness
Preoccupation
with the future
Fear of failure
Behavioural
Physical
Crying
Tight muscles.
Acting impulsively.
Nervous laughter
Headache.
Increased smoking
Increased alcohol
Increased/decreased
appetite
Sleep disturbances
Indigestion problems.
Rapid breathing
Fatigue
Trembling
Take a moment to write down specific things or times that made you feel stressed.
Causes of Stress
Major Expected Events
(something big you know is
coming):
Test,Presentation,Baby,Taxes
Major Unexpected Events
(something big that happens
unexpectedly):accident,illness
Daily Grind (All the little things
that make up your
day):Parking, going to class,
driving
Personal Attributes (All things
about you):Genetic makeup,
Flexibilty, Disabilities
Others
When
Why
b.
c.
meditation
Now that you have learnt about some of the things that cause you stress
and about a few coping strategies, it is time to do some brainstorming.
Share with your friends your experiences on coping with stress. You may
be surprised to learn of interesting ways that people use to reduce their
stress. You may find their stress. You may find their methods effective.
Now, list down the methods which you would like to try out.
1._________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Read the case given below and answer the questions as follow.
Rose is a thirty year old married woman. She has just signed up for a computing course at a
local college. As she has been away from school for a long time, she is concerned about
how she can manage her many family and social responsibilities while attending
college.She has two young children to take care. In addition, she does not employ a maid to
help out in her housework. While she aims to do well in her studies, she also wants to be a
good wife to her husband and a good mother to her two children. As she is experiencing a
drastic change in her lifestyle now that she has enrolled as a student, she is feeling rather
stressed out.
1.
If you were Rosie, what would you do to manage your time effectively so that you will be able to cope with
your hectic schedule and study well at the same time ?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. If you were Rosie, which two methods will you use to reduce your stress. Explain how you will do it.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Objectives
By the end of this section, learners should be able to :
1. Explain the meaning of learning style.
2. Differentiate the 3 types of learning style.
3. Apply appropriate strategies to your learning style.
Case A _____________________________________________________
Rachel understands and remembers best what she studies by doing something active with it. She also likes to discuss with others
what she has learnt. She likes group discussions. And, when in a group , she often likes to lead the group by saying, Lets try it
out to see how it works.
On the other hand, Rachels close friend, Samantha, is just the opposite. She prefers to think over what she has learnt quietly first.
Therefore, she usually does not join Rachels discussion group. She prefers to study alone. Both of them always argue over whether
to try find out some topics they have learnt first or to spend more time thinking over the topic first.
However, both of them have one thing in common, that is, they are not able to sit still throughout a lecture to take notes, more
so for Rachel.
Rajoo and Siva always study together though they have different
learning styles. Rajoo likes to memorise facts, and is very particular
about any single details in what he studies. He is a very practical and
careful person. Solving Mathematical problems using the same old
way is his favourite. He cannot tolerate even a slight difference in
learning style. As such, he likes courses which have connection to the
real world.
Sivas learning style is slightly different. He likes to discover new
ideas on his own compared to Rajoo; to obtain new knowledge. He
also likes new ideas and innovation. Unlike Rajoo, Siva is able to
grasp new concepts. He is more comfortable with abstractions and
mathematical formulation.
The following table suggests the strategies you can use to help you get the most out of
your studies.
Learning Style
Strategies
Active Learner
Reflective Learner
Sensing Learner
Intuitive Learner
Learning Style
Strategies
Visual Learner
Verbal Learner
Sequential Learner
Global Learner
You need the big picture of a subject before you can master
details.
Before you begin to study the first section of a chapter in a text,
skim through the entire chapter to get an overview.
Instead of spending a short time on every subject every night,
you might find it more productive to immerse yourself in
individual subjects for a longer period of time. Try to relate the
subject to things you already know, either by asking your tutor
to help you see connections or by looking up references
Objectives:
By the end of this section, learners should be able to :
1. Explain the important of taking notes.
2. Apply the 5 methods of taking notes effecively.
3. Identify the 3 steps involved in taking notes for
tutorials.
2. Listen 3. Revise
Action to be taken
Read up on the topic in the course material.
Read up on topic from other resources, e.g.
Internet,books.
Think of examples or experiences related to
the topic.
Questions to be asked.
Benefits ?
By now you have probably noticed several terms and/or phrases that
each of your tutors uses regularly.
1.Take a moment to think about some of the terms and/or phrases
which you use regularly. Then list them in the left column below.
Frequently used terms/phrases
Abbreviations
2. Now, consider abbreviations that you might use for each of the terms
and/or phrases you have listed. For example, if one of the terms is study
skills, you might consider using the abbreviation SS to represent that
phrase in your notes. After considering possible abbreviations for the terms
listed in the left column, place the corresponding abbreviations in the right
column above.
3. Compare your list with the lists generated by your classmates. Write
down some of the additional abbreviations they have come up with that
you find useful.
1. Outline method
o
2. Summary method
Write in note form, in own words, the essential facts and ideas from
your reading.
Example : The following is a paragraph taken from your reading
material on Strategies to enhance motivation for learning.
Big tasks may worry you. Break down the big tasks into smaller
ones so that they are more manageable. For example, as a
working person, it may be too demanding to revise one whole
chapter at one tme for your test. You may want to break down
the task into revising one section of the chapter at a time.
A sample of the note made using the summary method:
Break down big tasks into smaller units so that you can manage
it better.
Figure 3.4 Summary method of taking notes
3. Annotation method
o The blank space in the margins are commonly used.
o Can write down the main points, question marks, ticks or crosses to
show various meanings.
o e.g. for important points, put asterisk beside the point in the margin.
o For a point which needs more explanation, you may put a question
mark in the margin.
o You may also highlight or underline important points.
o Refer to Figure 3.5 on page 52
4. Charting method
group the important points into categories.
draw columns headed by these categories.
record info (words,phrases,main ideas, etc) into the appropriate
category.
Is useful when you want to get an overview of the whole course in a
sequential manner.
Example Chart format of Learning Styles
Visual Learner
Audio Learner
Kinesthetic Learner
Diagrams
highlight
Listen to tapes
Explain to friends
Hands-on
flashcards
Conduct study
environment
Suitable time
Positive
No distraction
Strategies to enhance
learning motivation
Have incentives
Break
down big
tasks
Set goals
Learn
actively
Here are some tips on what you may include in your notes :
Facts
Definitions
Explanations which elaborate on main pts.
Examples
List of things which are being discussed
Repeated info
Charts
Summary
This section exposed you to the importance of taking notes. 5 methods of
note taking were discussed. You also learnt about the 3 steps involved in
taking notes for tutorials, namely: prepare for tutorials, listen during
tutorials and revise after tutorials.
Read the article and make notes of the important ideas.Article 1. Regional haze Health effects
Fine particle pollution, that contributes to regional haze, can affect peoples health. People most
at risk include those with:
heart disease
lung disease
respiratory conditions (include asthma)
diabetes, as well as
older adults and children.
Fine particles are deposited deep into lungs where they can accumulate on the surface or be absorbed by
underlying tissue and enter the bloodstream. People with heart or lung diseases and respiratory conditions, such
as coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are
at increased risk of serious effects, because particles can aggravate these diseases.
In people with heart disease, particles have been linked to heart attacks and cardiac arrhythmias (irregular
heart rhythms). Recent evidence suggests that some of these cardiac effects may result from very short-term
exposures, possibly as short as one hour.
People with diabetes may be at increased risk of serious effects from regional haze, possibly because of
underlying cardiovascular disease.
Older adults are at increased risk from regional haze possibly because they may have diagnosed heart or lung
disease or diabetes.
Children are likely to be at risk from regional haze for a number of reasons. For example, they may be more
vulnerable to fine particles because their lungs are still developing. Also, childrens breathing rates can be as
much as twice as rapid as adults under resting conditions, and children tend to have far higher activity levels
than adults on any given day, which will result in more particles being deposited in their developing lungs.
Long-term (years) exposure of healthy people to particles has been associated with reduced
lung function and the development of chronic bronchitis.
Peoples chances of being affected by particles in increase the longer they are active outdoors
and the more strenuous their activity. This is because the harder we work or exercise, the more
rapidly we breathe and greater concentrations of particles reach the deepest and most sensitive
areas of the lungs.
People involved in an activity that requires heavy or prolonged exertion can reduce the time
they spend on the activity or substitute another activity that requires less exertion, especially
on days when particle pollution levels are elevated. For example, alking instead of jogging to
reduce the impact of fine particles on their health.
Symptoms of exposure to fine particles include:
Even healthy people may experience temporary symptoms from exposure to elevated levels of
particles. Symptoms may include: irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, coughing, phlegm,
chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
People with lung disease may not breathe as deeply or as vigorously as normal, and may
experience respiratory symtoms including: coughing,phlegm, chest discomfort, wheezing,
shortness of breath and unusual fatigue. These symptoms are an indication to reduce exposure
and to follow the advice of their doctor.
People with heart disease can have serious effects, such as heart attacks, with no waning
symptoms. If people with heart disease have symptoms of breath, or unsual fatigue, these may
indicate a serious problem and should follow the advise of their doctor.
Asthmatics should already have an asthma action plan that they routinely follow, but may need
to follow it more carefully when particles levels are high.
Source: http://www.maine.gov/dep/air/meteorology/regionalhaze/reghealth.htm(Apr 2006)
In this unit, you learnt many skills which will enable you to
manage your learning more effectively. It started by explaining
the meaning of a goal and more importantly, an effective goal. it
also suggested ways to enhance your motivation and memory
skills so that you can learn effectively. To help you cope with your
busy schedule, suggestions to enable you to manage your time and
stress level were provided.
For individuals with different ways of learning, strategies to
maximise your learning using your styles were explained. Finally,
this unit ended with an explanation on the importance of taking
notes as well as ways of taking notes. By mastering all these
strategies, you would be able to go through your long journey of
obtaining your degree much more smoothly. You will therefore be
able to achieve your goal faster and through a more enjoyable
process.